id sid tid token lemma pos 51242 1 1 The the DT 51242 1 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 51242 1 3 Manuals Manuals NNPS 51242 1 4 of of IN 51242 1 5 Science Science NNP 51242 1 6 and and CC 51242 1 7 Literature Literature NNP 51242 1 8 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY NNP 51242 1 9 IN in IN 51242 1 10 LOCOMOTION locomotion NN 51242 1 11 CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE NNP 51242 1 12 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 51242 1 13 PRESS PRESS NNP 51242 1 14 London London NNP 51242 1 15 : : : 51242 1 16 FETTER FETTER NNP 51242 1 17 LANE LANE NNP 51242 1 18 , , , 51242 1 19 E.C. E.C. NNP 51242 2 1 C. C. NNP 51242 2 2 F. F. NNP 51242 2 3 CLAY CLAY NNP 51242 2 4 , , , 51242 2 5 MANAGER manager NN 51242 2 6 [ [ -LRB- 51242 2 7 Illustration illustration NN 51242 2 8 ] ] -RRB- 51242 2 9 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP 51242 2 10 : : : 51242 2 11 100 100 CD 51242 2 12 , , , 51242 2 13 PRINCES PRINCES NNP 51242 2 14 STREET STREET NNP 51242 2 15 London London NNP 51242 2 16 : : : 51242 2 17 H. H. NNP 51242 2 18 K. K. NNP 51242 2 19 LEWIS LEWIS NNP 51242 2 20 , , , 51242 2 21 136 136 CD 51242 2 22 , , , 51242 2 23 GOWER GOWER NNP 51242 2 24 STREET STREET NNP 51242 2 25 , , , 51242 2 26 W.C. W.C. NNP 51242 2 27 Berlin Berlin NNP 51242 2 28 : : : 51242 2 29 A. a. NN 51242 2 30 ASHER ASHER NNP 51242 2 31 AND and CC 51242 2 32 CO CO NNP 51242 2 33 . . . 51242 2 34 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 51242 2 35 : : : 51242 2 36 F. F. NNP 51242 2 37 A. a. NN 51242 2 38 BROCKHAUS BROCKHAUS NNP 51242 2 39 New New NNP 51242 2 40 York York NNP 51242 2 41 : : : 51242 2 42 G. G. NNP 51242 2 43 P. P. NNP 51242 2 44 PUTNAM PUTNAM NNP 51242 2 45 'S 's POS 51242 2 46 SONS SONS NNP 51242 2 47 Bombay Bombay NNP 51242 2 48 and and CC 51242 2 49 Calcutta Calcutta NNP 51242 2 50 : : : 51242 2 51 MACMILLAN MACMILLAN NNP 51242 2 52 AND and CC 51242 2 53 CO CO NNP 51242 2 54 . . NNP 51242 2 55 , , , 51242 2 56 LTD LTD NNP 51242 2 57 . . . 51242 2 58 _ _ NNP 51242 2 59 All all DT 51242 2 60 rights right NNS 51242 2 61 reserved reserve VBN 51242 2 62 _ _ NNP 51242 2 63 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY NNP 51242 2 64 IN in IN 51242 2 65 LOCOMOTION locomotion NN 51242 2 66 AN an DT 51242 2 67 ACCOUNT account NN 51242 2 68 OF of IN 51242 2 69 ITS its PRP$ 51242 2 70 MECHANISM MECHANISM NNP 51242 2 71 , , , 51242 2 72 ITS its PRP$ 51242 2 73 ACHIEVEMENTS achievement NNS 51242 2 74 , , , 51242 2 75 AND and CC 51242 2 76 ITS its PRP$ 51242 2 77 PROSPECTS prospect NNS 51242 2 78 BY by IN 51242 2 79 ADAM ADAM NNP 51242 2 80 GOWANS GOWANS NNP 51242 2 81 WHYTE WHYTE NNP 51242 2 82 , , , 51242 2 83 B.Sc B.Sc NNP 51242 2 84 . . . 51242 3 1 Editor Editor NNP 51242 3 2 of of IN 51242 3 3 _ _ NNP 51242 3 4 Electrical Electrical NNP 51242 3 5 Industries Industries NNPS 51242 3 6 _ _ NNP 51242 3 7 and and CC 51242 3 8 _ _ NNP 51242 3 9 Electrics Electrics NNPS 51242 3 10 _ _ NNP 51242 3 11 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 51242 3 12 : : : 51242 3 13 at at IN 51242 3 14 the the DT 51242 3 15 University University NNP 51242 3 16 Press Press NNP 51242 3 17 1911 1911 CD 51242 3 18 TO to IN 51242 3 19 EMILE EMILE NNP 51242 3 20 GARCKE GARCKE NNP 51242 3 21 _ _ NNP 51242 3 22 With with IN 51242 3 23 the the DT 51242 3 24 exception exception NN 51242 3 25 of of IN 51242 3 26 the the DT 51242 3 27 coat coat NN 51242 3 28 of of IN 51242 3 29 arms arm NNS 51242 3 30 at at IN 51242 3 31 the the DT 51242 3 32 foot foot NN 51242 3 33 , , , 51242 3 34 the the DT 51242 3 35 design design NN 51242 3 36 on on IN 51242 3 37 the the DT 51242 3 38 title title NN 51242 3 39 page page NN 51242 3 40 is be VBZ 51242 3 41 a a DT 51242 3 42 reproduction reproduction NN 51242 3 43 of of IN 51242 3 44 one one CD 51242 3 45 used use VBN 51242 3 46 by by IN 51242 3 47 the the DT 51242 3 48 earliest early JJS 51242 3 49 known know VBN 51242 3 50 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 51242 3 51 printer printer NN 51242 3 52 , , , 51242 3 53 John John NNP 51242 3 54 Siberch Siberch NNP 51242 3 55 , , , 51242 3 56 1521 1521 CD 51242 3 57 . . . 51242 3 58 _ _ NNP 51242 3 59 PREFACE PREFACE NNP 51242 3 60 In in IN 51242 3 61 the the DT 51242 3 62 following follow VBG 51242 3 63 pages page NNS 51242 3 64 an an DT 51242 3 65 attempt attempt NN 51242 3 66 is be VBZ 51242 3 67 made make VBN 51242 3 68 to to TO 51242 3 69 give give VB 51242 3 70 a a DT 51242 3 71 clear clear JJ 51242 3 72 picture picture NN 51242 3 73 of of IN 51242 3 74 the the DT 51242 3 75 part part NN 51242 3 76 which which WDT 51242 3 77 electricity electricity NN 51242 3 78 has have VBZ 51242 3 79 taken take VBN 51242 3 80 and and CC 51242 3 81 will will MD 51242 3 82 continue continue VB 51242 3 83 to to TO 51242 3 84 take take VB 51242 3 85 in in RP 51242 3 86 the the DT 51242 3 87 development development NN 51242 3 88 of of IN 51242 3 89 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 3 90 . . . 51242 4 1 Some some DT 51242 4 2 of of IN 51242 4 3 the the DT 51242 4 4 aspects aspect NNS 51242 4 5 of of IN 51242 4 6 electric electric JJ 51242 4 7 traction traction NN 51242 4 8 are be VBP 51242 4 9 highly highly RB 51242 4 10 technical technical JJ 51242 4 11 ; ; : 51242 4 12 others other NNS 51242 4 13 are be VBP 51242 4 14 purely purely RB 51242 4 15 financial financial JJ 51242 4 16 . . . 51242 5 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 5 2 is be VBZ 51242 5 3 impossible impossible JJ 51242 5 4 to to TO 51242 5 5 understand understand VB 51242 5 6 the the DT 51242 5 7 achievements achievement NNS 51242 5 8 and and CC 51242 5 9 possibilities possibility NNS 51242 5 10 of of IN 51242 5 11 electricity electricity NN 51242 5 12 in in IN 51242 5 13 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 5 14 without without IN 51242 5 15 a a DT 51242 5 16 certain certain JJ 51242 5 17 amount amount NN 51242 5 18 of of IN 51242 5 19 discussion discussion NN 51242 5 20 of of IN 51242 5 21 both both PDT 51242 5 22 these these DT 51242 5 23 points point NNS 51242 5 24 of of IN 51242 5 25 view view NN 51242 5 26 ; ; : 51242 5 27 but but CC 51242 5 28 it -PRON- PRP 51242 5 29 is be VBZ 51242 5 30 not not RB 51242 5 31 necessary necessary JJ 51242 5 32 to to TO 51242 5 33 go go VB 51242 5 34 deeply deeply RB 51242 5 35 into into IN 51242 5 36 either either CC 51242 5 37 in in IN 51242 5 38 order order NN 51242 5 39 to to TO 51242 5 40 catch catch VB 51242 5 41 some some DT 51242 5 42 of of IN 51242 5 43 the the DT 51242 5 44 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 51242 5 45 which which WDT 51242 5 46 inspires inspire VBZ 51242 5 47 the the DT 51242 5 48 electrical electrical JJ 51242 5 49 engineer engineer NN 51242 5 50 in in IN 51242 5 51 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 5 52 efforts effort NNS 51242 5 53 to to TO 51242 5 54 extend extend VB 51242 5 55 electric electric JJ 51242 5 56 traction traction NN 51242 5 57 everywhere everywhere RB 51242 5 58 on on IN 51242 5 59 road road NN 51242 5 60 and and CC 51242 5 61 rail rail NN 51242 5 62 . . . 51242 6 1 The the DT 51242 6 2 hopes hope NNS 51242 6 3 of of IN 51242 6 4 electrical electrical JJ 51242 6 5 conquest conquest NN 51242 6 6 extend extend VB 51242 6 7 , , , 51242 6 8 indeed indeed RB 51242 6 9 , , , 51242 6 10 to to IN 51242 6 11 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 6 12 on on IN 51242 6 13 the the DT 51242 6 14 sea sea NN 51242 6 15 and and CC 51242 6 16 in in IN 51242 6 17 the the DT 51242 6 18 air air NN 51242 6 19 as as RB 51242 6 20 well well RB 51242 6 21 as as IN 51242 6 22 on on IN 51242 6 23 the the DT 51242 6 24 land land NN 51242 6 25 . . . 51242 7 1 At at IN 51242 7 2 the the DT 51242 7 3 root root NN 51242 7 4 of of IN 51242 7 5 these these DT 51242 7 6 hopes hope NNS 51242 7 7 there there RB 51242 7 8 lies lie VBZ 51242 7 9 a a DT 51242 7 10 firm firm JJ 51242 7 11 faith faith NN 51242 7 12 in in IN 51242 7 13 the the DT 51242 7 14 superior superior JJ 51242 7 15 economies economy NNS 51242 7 16 and and CC 51242 7 17 flexibility flexibility NN 51242 7 18 of of IN 51242 7 19 electricity electricity NN 51242 7 20 as as IN 51242 7 21 a a DT 51242 7 22 mode mode NN 51242 7 23 of of IN 51242 7 24 motion motion NN 51242 7 25 . . . 51242 8 1 In in IN 51242 8 2 the the DT 51242 8 3 explanations explanation NNS 51242 8 4 which which WDT 51242 8 5 are be VBP 51242 8 6 given give VBN 51242 8 7 of of IN 51242 8 8 electric electric JJ 51242 8 9 tramways tramway NNS 51242 8 10 , , , 51242 8 11 electric electric JJ 51242 8 12 railways railway NNS 51242 8 13 , , , 51242 8 14 electric electric JJ 51242 8 15 automobiles automobile NNS 51242 8 16 , , , 51242 8 17 electric electric JJ 51242 8 18 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 8 19 on on IN 51242 8 20 ships ship NNS 51242 8 21 , , , 51242 8 22 and and CC 51242 8 23 the the DT 51242 8 24 other other JJ 51242 8 25 phases phase NNS 51242 8 26 of of IN 51242 8 27 electric electric JJ 51242 8 28 traction traction NN 51242 8 29 , , , 51242 8 30 nothing nothing NN 51242 8 31 but but IN 51242 8 32 the the DT 51242 8 33 most most RBS 51242 8 34 elementary elementary JJ 51242 8 35 knowledge knowledge NN 51242 8 36 of of IN 51242 8 37 electricity electricity NN 51242 8 38 is be VBZ 51242 8 39 presupposed presuppose VBN 51242 8 40 . . . 51242 9 1 A a DT 51242 9 2 certain certain JJ 51242 9 3 amount amount NN 51242 9 4 of of IN 51242 9 5 technical technical JJ 51242 9 6 description description NN 51242 9 7 is be VBZ 51242 9 8 unavoidable unavoidable JJ 51242 9 9 , , , 51242 9 10 but but CC 51242 9 11 I -PRON- PRP 51242 9 12 have have VBP 51242 9 13 restricted restrict VBN 51242 9 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 9 15 as as RB 51242 9 16 far far RB 51242 9 17 as as IN 51242 9 18 possible possible JJ 51242 9 19 to to IN 51242 9 20 essential essential JJ 51242 9 21 matters matter NNS 51242 9 22 which which WDT 51242 9 23 throw throw VBP 51242 9 24 light light NN 51242 9 25 upon upon IN 51242 9 26 the the DT 51242 9 27 meaning meaning NN 51242 9 28 of of IN 51242 9 29 the the DT 51242 9 30 various various JJ 51242 9 31 systems system NNS 51242 9 32 of of IN 51242 9 33 electric electric JJ 51242 9 34 traction traction NN 51242 9 35 and and CC 51242 9 36 explain explain VB 51242 9 37 the the DT 51242 9 38 economic economic JJ 51242 9 39 and and CC 51242 9 40 physical physical JJ 51242 9 41 reasons reason NNS 51242 9 42 for for IN 51242 9 43 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 9 44 adoption adoption NN 51242 9 45 . . . 51242 10 1 Anyone anyone NN 51242 10 2 who who WP 51242 10 3 glances glance VBZ 51242 10 4 over over IN 51242 10 5 the the DT 51242 10 6 history history NN 51242 10 7 of of IN 51242 10 8 electric electric JJ 51242 10 9 traction traction NN 51242 10 10 will will MD 51242 10 11 be be VB 51242 10 12 struck strike VBN 51242 10 13 by by IN 51242 10 14 the the DT 51242 10 15 absence absence NN 51242 10 16 of of IN 51242 10 17 outstanding outstanding JJ 51242 10 18 names name NNS 51242 10 19 . . . 51242 11 1 There there EX 51242 11 2 is be VBZ 51242 11 3 no no DT 51242 11 4 man man NN 51242 11 5 who who WP 51242 11 6 occupies occupy VBZ 51242 11 7 the the DT 51242 11 8 same same JJ 51242 11 9 position position NN 51242 11 10 in in IN 51242 11 11 the the DT 51242 11 12 sphere sphere NN 51242 11 13 of of IN 51242 11 14 electric electric JJ 51242 11 15 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 11 16 as as IN 51242 11 17 Watt Watt NNP 51242 11 18 does do VBZ 51242 11 19 in in IN 51242 11 20 the the DT 51242 11 21 world world NN 51242 11 22 of of IN 51242 11 23 steam steam NN 51242 11 24 , , , 51242 11 25 or or CC 51242 11 26 Stephenson Stephenson NNP 51242 11 27 in in IN 51242 11 28 the the DT 51242 11 29 world world NN 51242 11 30 of of IN 51242 11 31 railways railway NNS 51242 11 32 . . . 51242 12 1 As as IN 51242 12 2 a a DT 51242 12 3 pioneer pioneer NN 51242 12 4 , , , 51242 12 5 Dr. Dr. NNP 51242 12 6 Wernher Wernher NNP 51242 12 7 von von NNP 51242 12 8 Siemens Siemens NNP 51242 12 9 perhaps perhaps RB 51242 12 10 deserves deserve VBZ 51242 12 11 more more JJR 51242 12 12 honour honour NN 51242 12 13 than than IN 51242 12 14 any any DT 51242 12 15 other other JJ 51242 12 16 . . . 51242 13 1 But but CC 51242 13 2 the the DT 51242 13 3 leading lead VBG 51242 13 4 ideas idea NNS 51242 13 5 embodied embody VBN 51242 13 6 in in IN 51242 13 7 electric electric JJ 51242 13 8 traction traction NN 51242 13 9 systems system NNS 51242 13 10 were be VBD 51242 13 11 contributed contribute VBN 51242 13 12 by by IN 51242 13 13 engineers engineer NNS 51242 13 14 who who WP 51242 13 15 worked work VBD 51242 13 16 in in IN 51242 13 17 the the DT 51242 13 18 general general JJ 51242 13 19 field field NN 51242 13 20 of of IN 51242 13 21 electrical electrical JJ 51242 13 22 engineering engineering NN 51242 13 23 ; ; : 51242 13 24 and and CC 51242 13 25 they -PRON- PRP 51242 13 26 have have VBP 51242 13 27 been be VBN 51242 13 28 applied apply VBN 51242 13 29 and and CC 51242 13 30 developed develop VBN 51242 13 31 by by IN 51242 13 32 a a DT 51242 13 33 numerous numerous JJ 51242 13 34 band band NN 51242 13 35 of of IN 51242 13 36 men man NNS 51242 13 37 who who WP 51242 13 38 have have VBP 51242 13 39 added add VBN 51242 13 40 one one CD 51242 13 41 brick brick NN 51242 13 42 of of IN 51242 13 43 experience experience NN 51242 13 44 and and CC 51242 13 45 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 13 46 to to IN 51242 13 47 another another DT 51242 13 48 until until IN 51242 13 49 the the DT 51242 13 50 imposing impose VBG 51242 13 51 structure structure NN 51242 13 52 was be VBD 51242 13 53 made make VBN 51242 13 54 visible visible JJ 51242 13 55 to to IN 51242 13 56 the the DT 51242 13 57 world world NN 51242 13 58 . . . 51242 14 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 51242 14 2 , , , 51242 14 3 I -PRON- PRP 51242 14 4 hope hope VBP 51242 14 5 the the DT 51242 14 6 story story NN 51242 14 7 as as IN 51242 14 8 told tell VBD 51242 14 9 briefly briefly RB 51242 14 10 in in IN 51242 14 11 the the DT 51242 14 12 following following JJ 51242 14 13 chapters chapter NNS 51242 14 14 will will MD 51242 14 15 not not RB 51242 14 16 be be VB 51242 14 17 found find VBN 51242 14 18 devoid devoid JJ 51242 14 19 of of IN 51242 14 20 human human JJ 51242 14 21 interest interest NN 51242 14 22 . . . 51242 15 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 15 2 has have VBZ 51242 15 3 the the DT 51242 15 4 advantage advantage NN 51242 15 5 , , , 51242 15 6 at at IN 51242 15 7 any any DT 51242 15 8 rate rate NN 51242 15 9 , , , 51242 15 10 of of IN 51242 15 11 the the DT 51242 15 12 attraction attraction NN 51242 15 13 which which WDT 51242 15 14 anything anything NN 51242 15 15 pertaining pertain VBG 51242 15 16 to to IN 51242 15 17 electricity electricity NN 51242 15 18 holds hold VBZ 51242 15 19 for for IN 51242 15 20 all all DT 51242 15 21 sections section NNS 51242 15 22 of of IN 51242 15 23 the the DT 51242 15 24 public public NN 51242 15 25 . . . 51242 16 1 This this DT 51242 16 2 attraction attraction NN 51242 16 3 deepens deepen VBZ 51242 16 4 upon upon IN 51242 16 5 closer close JJR 51242 16 6 acquaintance acquaintance NN 51242 16 7 with with IN 51242 16 8 the the DT 51242 16 9 mechanism mechanism NN 51242 16 10 and and CC 51242 16 11 the the DT 51242 16 12 history history NN 51242 16 13 of of IN 51242 16 14 electricity electricity NN 51242 16 15 in in IN 51242 16 16 action action NN 51242 16 17 ; ; : 51242 16 18 and and CC 51242 16 19 if if IN 51242 16 20 any any DT 51242 16 21 of of IN 51242 16 22 the the DT 51242 16 23 descriptions description NNS 51242 16 24 and and CC 51242 16 25 forecasts forecast NNS 51242 16 26 are be VBP 51242 16 27 found find VBN 51242 16 28 to to TO 51242 16 29 be be VB 51242 16 30 prejudiced prejudice VBN 51242 16 31 in in IN 51242 16 32 favour favour NN 51242 16 33 of of IN 51242 16 34 a a DT 51242 16 35 single single JJ 51242 16 36 instrument instrument NN 51242 16 37 of of IN 51242 16 38 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 16 39 , , , 51242 16 40 the the DT 51242 16 41 fault fault NN 51242 16 42 may may MD 51242 16 43 be be VB 51242 16 44 considered consider VBN 51242 16 45 to to TO 51242 16 46 rest rest VB 51242 16 47 with with IN 51242 16 48 the the DT 51242 16 49 spell spell NN 51242 16 50 which which WDT 51242 16 51 electricity electricity NN 51242 16 52 throws throw VBZ 51242 16 53 upon upon IN 51242 16 54 everyone everyone NN 51242 16 55 who who WP 51242 16 56 is be VBZ 51242 16 57 concerned concern VBN 51242 16 58 in in IN 51242 16 59 any any DT 51242 16 60 way way NN 51242 16 61 with with IN 51242 16 62 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 16 63 applications application NNS 51242 16 64 in in IN 51242 16 65 the the DT 51242 16 66 service service NN 51242 16 67 of of IN 51242 16 68 man man NN 51242 16 69 . . . 51242 17 1 I -PRON- PRP 51242 17 2 have have VBP 51242 17 3 to to TO 51242 17 4 acknowledge acknowledge VB 51242 17 5 the the DT 51242 17 6 kind kind JJ 51242 17 7 assistance assistance NN 51242 17 8 of of IN 51242 17 9 Mr. Mr. NNP 51242 17 10 Frank Frank NNP 51242 17 11 Broadbent Broadbent NNP 51242 17 12 , , , 51242 17 13 M.I.E.E. M.I.E.E. NNP 51242 17 14 , , , 51242 17 15 in in IN 51242 17 16 looking look VBG 51242 17 17 over over IN 51242 17 18 the the DT 51242 17 19 proofs proof NNS 51242 17 20 of of IN 51242 17 21 this this DT 51242 17 22 volume volume NN 51242 17 23 . . . 51242 18 1 A. A. NNP 51242 18 2 G. G. NNP 51242 18 3 W. W. NNP 51242 18 4 _ _ NNP 51242 18 5 21 21 CD 51242 18 6 April April NNP 51242 18 7 1911 1911 CD 51242 18 8 _ _ NNP 51242 18 9 CONTENTS CONTENTS NNP 51242 18 10 PAGE PAGE NNP 51242 18 11 PREFACE PREFACE NNP 51242 18 12 vi vi NNP 51242 18 13 CHAP chap NN 51242 18 14 . . . 51242 19 1 I. I. NNP 51242 20 1 The the DT 51242 20 2 Wheel Wheel NNP 51242 20 3 and and CC 51242 20 4 the the DT 51242 20 5 Public Public NNP 51242 20 6 1 1 CD 51242 20 7 II ii CD 51242 20 8 . . . 51242 21 1 Early Early NNP 51242 21 2 Tramroads Tramroads NNPS 51242 21 3 and and CC 51242 21 4 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 21 5 4 4 CD 51242 21 6 III iii CD 51242 21 7 . . . 51242 22 1 The the DT 51242 22 2 Birth Birth NNP 51242 22 3 of of IN 51242 22 4 Electric Electric NNP 51242 22 5 Traction Traction NNP 51242 22 6 12 12 CD 51242 22 7 IV IV NNP 51242 22 8 . . . 51242 23 1 The the DT 51242 23 2 Essential Essential NNP 51242 23 3 Advantages Advantages NNPS 51242 23 4 of of IN 51242 23 5 Electric Electric NNP 51242 23 6 Traction Traction NNP 51242 23 7 on on IN 51242 23 8 Tramways Tramways NNP 51242 23 9 19 19 CD 51242 23 10 V. v. NN 51242 23 11 The the DT 51242 23 12 Mechanism Mechanism NNP 51242 23 13 of of IN 51242 23 14 an an DT 51242 23 15 Electric Electric NNP 51242 23 16 Tramcar Tramcar NNP 51242 23 17 : : : 51242 23 18 the the DT 51242 23 19 Overhead Overhead NNP 51242 23 20 System System NNP 51242 23 21 29 29 CD 51242 23 22 VI VI NNP 51242 23 23 . . . 51242 24 1 Conduit Conduit NNP 51242 24 2 and and CC 51242 24 3 Surface Surface NNP 51242 24 4 - - HYPH 51242 24 5 Contact Contact NNP 51242 24 6 Tramway Tramway NNP 51242 24 7 Systems Systems NNPS 51242 24 8 37 37 CD 51242 24 9 VII vii NN 51242 24 10 . . . 51242 25 1 The the DT 51242 25 2 Backwardness Backwardness NNP 51242 25 3 of of IN 51242 25 4 Electric Electric NNP 51242 25 5 Traction Traction NNP 51242 25 6 in in IN 51242 25 7 Great Great NNP 51242 25 8 Britain Britain NNP 51242 25 9 46 46 CD 51242 25 10 VIII viii NN 51242 25 11 . . . 51242 26 1 Electric Electric NNP 51242 26 2 Tramway Tramway NNP 51242 26 3 Stagnation Stagnation NNP 51242 26 4 . . . 51242 27 1 The the DT 51242 27 2 Trolley Trolley NNP 51242 27 3 Omnibus Omnibus NNP 51242 27 4 55 55 CD 51242 27 5 IX ix NN 51242 27 6 . . . 51242 28 1 Regenerative regenerative JJ 51242 28 2 Control Control NNP 51242 28 3 67 67 CD 51242 28 4 X. X. NNP 51242 28 5 Accumulator Accumulator NNP 51242 28 6 Electric Electric NNP 51242 28 7 Traction Traction NNP 51242 28 8 . . . 51242 29 1 The the DT 51242 29 2 Electric Electric NNP 51242 29 3 Automobile Automobile NNP 51242 29 4 70 70 CD 51242 29 5 XI XI NNP 51242 29 6 . . . 51242 30 1 Petrol Petrol NNP 51242 30 2 - - HYPH 51242 30 3 Electric Electric NNP 51242 30 4 Vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 30 5 and and CC 51242 30 6 main main JJ 51242 30 7 Marine Marine NNP 51242 30 8 Propulsion Propulsion NNP 51242 30 9 by by IN 51242 30 10 Electricity Electricity NNP 51242 30 11 82 82 CD 51242 30 12 XII XII NNP 51242 30 13 . . . 51242 31 1 The the DT 51242 31 2 Pioneer Pioneer NNP 51242 31 3 Electric Electric NNP 51242 31 4 Railways Railways NNP 51242 31 5 92 92 CD 51242 31 6 XIII xiii NN 51242 31 7 . . . 51242 32 1 Electric Electric NNP 51242 32 2 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 32 3 from from IN 51242 32 4 the the DT 51242 32 5 Engineering Engineering NNP 51242 32 6 Point Point NNP 51242 32 7 of of IN 51242 32 8 View View NNP 51242 32 9 107 107 CD 51242 32 10 XIV xiv NN 51242 32 11 . . . 51242 33 1 Electric Electric NNP 51242 33 2 Traction Traction NNP 51242 33 3 on on IN 51242 33 4 Main Main NNP 51242 33 5 Line Line NNP 51242 33 6 Railways Railways NNP 51242 33 7 116 116 CD 51242 33 8 XV XV NNP 51242 33 9 . . . 51242 34 1 Curiosities curiosity NNS 51242 34 2 of of IN 51242 34 3 Electric Electric NNP 51242 34 4 Traction Traction NNP 51242 34 5 124 124 CD 51242 34 6 XVI XVI NNP 51242 34 7 . . . 51242 35 1 The the DT 51242 35 2 Future Future NNP 51242 35 3 138 138 CD 51242 35 4 INDEX index NN 51242 35 5 142 142 CD 51242 35 6 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 35 7 I -PRON- PRP 51242 35 8 THE the DT 51242 35 9 WHEEL WHEEL NNP 51242 35 10 AND and CC 51242 35 11 THE the DT 51242 35 12 PUBLIC PUBLIC NNP 51242 35 13 One one CD 51242 35 14 of of IN 51242 35 15 the the DT 51242 35 16 greatest great JJS 51242 35 17 of of IN 51242 35 18 unknown unknown JJ 51242 35 19 men man NNS 51242 35 20 of of IN 51242 35 21 genius genius NN 51242 35 22 was be VBD 51242 35 23 the the DT 51242 35 24 inventor inventor NN 51242 35 25 of of IN 51242 35 26 the the DT 51242 35 27 wheel wheel NN 51242 35 28 . . . 51242 36 1 Probably probably RB 51242 36 2 -- -- : 51242 36 3 as as IN 51242 36 4 in in IN 51242 36 5 the the DT 51242 36 6 case case NN 51242 36 7 of of IN 51242 36 8 most most JJS 51242 36 9 inventions invention NNS 51242 36 10 -- -- : 51242 36 11 he -PRON- PRP 51242 36 12 shares share VBZ 51242 36 13 the the DT 51242 36 14 credit credit NN 51242 36 15 with with IN 51242 36 16 others other NNS 51242 36 17 who who WP 51242 36 18 prepared prepare VBD 51242 36 19 the the DT 51242 36 20 way way NN 51242 36 21 for for IN 51242 36 22 him -PRON- PRP 51242 36 23 by by IN 51242 36 24 discovering discover VBG 51242 36 25 that that IN 51242 36 26 heavy heavy JJ 51242 36 27 weights weight NNS 51242 36 28 could could MD 51242 36 29 be be VB 51242 36 30 more more RBR 51242 36 31 easily easily RB 51242 36 32 rolled roll VBN 51242 36 33 than than IN 51242 36 34 dragged drag VBN 51242 36 35 . . . 51242 37 1 But but CC 51242 37 2 , , , 51242 37 3 whatever whatever WDT 51242 37 4 the the DT 51242 37 5 origin origin NN 51242 37 6 of of IN 51242 37 7 the the DT 51242 37 8 wheel wheel NN 51242 37 9 and and CC 51242 37 10 axle axle NN 51242 37 11 , , , 51242 37 12 the the DT 51242 37 13 combination combination NN 51242 37 14 was be VBD 51242 37 15 so so RB 51242 37 16 admirable admirable JJ 51242 37 17 that that IN 51242 37 18 it -PRON- PRP 51242 37 19 remained remain VBD 51242 37 20 unchanged unchanged JJ 51242 37 21 in in IN 51242 37 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 37 23 essential essential JJ 51242 37 24 features feature NNS 51242 37 25 for for IN 51242 37 26 centuries century NNS 51242 37 27 and and CC 51242 37 28 still still RB 51242 37 29 forms form VBZ 51242 37 30 the the DT 51242 37 31 primary primary JJ 51242 37 32 element element NN 51242 37 33 in in IN 51242 37 34 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 37 35 . . . 51242 38 1 Some some DT 51242 38 2 of of IN 51242 38 3 the the DT 51242 38 4 earliest early JJS 51242 38 5 forms form NNS 51242 38 6 of of IN 51242 38 7 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 38 8 can can MD 51242 38 9 be be VB 51242 38 10 found find VBN 51242 38 11 co co JJ 51242 38 12 - - VBN 51242 38 13 existing exist VBG 51242 38 14 with with IN 51242 38 15 the the DT 51242 38 16 very very RB 51242 38 17 latest late JJS 51242 38 18 . . . 51242 39 1 In in IN 51242 39 2 Oporto Oporto NNP 51242 39 3 , , , 51242 39 4 for for IN 51242 39 5 instance instance NN 51242 39 6 , , , 51242 39 7 there there EX 51242 39 8 are be VBP 51242 39 9 electric electric JJ 51242 39 10 tramways tramway NNS 51242 39 11 , , , 51242 39 12 but but CC 51242 39 13 there there EX 51242 39 14 are be VBP 51242 39 15 also also RB 51242 39 16 ox ox JJ 51242 39 17 wagons wagon NNS 51242 39 18 which which WDT 51242 39 19 seem seem VBP 51242 39 20 to to TO 51242 39 21 belong belong VB 51242 39 22 to to IN 51242 39 23 the the DT 51242 39 24 childhood childhood NN 51242 39 25 of of IN 51242 39 26 the the DT 51242 39 27 world world NN 51242 39 28 . . . 51242 40 1 The the DT 51242 40 2 wheels wheel NNS 51242 40 3 are be VBP 51242 40 4 rigidly rigidly RB 51242 40 5 fixed fix VBN 51242 40 6 to to IN 51242 40 7 rotating rotate VBG 51242 40 8 axles axle NNS 51242 40 9 ( ( -LRB- 51242 40 10 the the DT 51242 40 11 oldest oldest RBS 51242 40 12 known know VBN 51242 40 13 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 40 14 ) ) -RRB- 51242 40 15 and and CC 51242 40 16 the the DT 51242 40 17 supports support NNS 51242 40 18 of of IN 51242 40 19 both both CC 51242 40 20 the the DT 51242 40 21 front front NN 51242 40 22 and and CC 51242 40 23 the the DT 51242 40 24 back back JJ 51242 40 25 axles axle NNS 51242 40 26 are be VBP 51242 40 27 rigidly rigidly RB 51242 40 28 fixed fix VBN 51242 40 29 to to IN 51242 40 30 the the DT 51242 40 31 wagon wagon NN 51242 40 32 . . . 51242 41 1 The the DT 51242 41 2 result result NN 51242 41 3 is be VBZ 51242 41 4 that that IN 51242 41 5 the the DT 51242 41 6 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 41 7 can can MD 51242 41 8 not not RB 51242 41 9 ' ' `` 51242 41 10 steer steer VB 51242 41 11 ' ' '' 51242 41 12 and and CC 51242 41 13 must must MD 51242 41 14 be be VB 51242 41 15 dragged drag VBN 51242 41 16 round round JJ 51242 41 17 corners corner NNS 51242 41 18 . . . 51242 42 1 Some some DT 51242 42 2 time time NN 51242 42 3 ago ago IN 51242 42 4 the the DT 51242 42 5 authorities authority NNS 51242 42 6 , , , 51242 42 7 realising realise VBG 51242 42 8 at at IN 51242 42 9 last last JJ 51242 42 10 that that IN 51242 42 11 this this DT 51242 42 12 dragging dragging NN 51242 42 13 was be VBD 51242 42 14 ruinous ruinous JJ 51242 42 15 to to IN 51242 42 16 the the DT 51242 42 17 road road NN 51242 42 18 surfaces surface NNS 51242 42 19 , , , 51242 42 20 made make VBD 51242 42 21 a a DT 51242 42 22 regulation regulation NN 51242 42 23 that that WDT 51242 42 24 all all DT 51242 42 25 wagons wagon NNS 51242 42 26 should should MD 51242 42 27 have have VB 51242 42 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 42 29 front front JJ 51242 42 30 axles axle NNS 51242 42 31 pivoted pivot VBN 51242 42 32 . . . 51242 43 1 This this DT 51242 43 2 attempt attempt NN 51242 43 3 at at IN 51242 43 4 improvement improvement NN 51242 43 5 caused cause VBD 51242 43 6 more more JJR 51242 43 7 agitation agitation NN 51242 43 8 than than IN 51242 43 9 the the DT 51242 43 10 Revolution Revolution NNP 51242 43 11 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 43 12 . . . 51242 44 1 The the DT 51242 44 2 owners owner NNS 51242 44 3 of of IN 51242 44 4 wagons wagon NNS 51242 44 5 argued argue VBD 51242 44 6 -- -- : 51242 44 7 with with IN 51242 44 8 perfect perfect JJ 51242 44 9 justice justice NN 51242 44 10 -- -- : 51242 44 11 that that IN 51242 44 12 the the DT 51242 44 13 rigid rigid JJ 51242 44 14 wagon wagon NN 51242 44 15 had have VBD 51242 44 16 served serve VBN 51242 44 17 for for IN 51242 44 18 innumerable innumerable JJ 51242 44 19 generations generation NNS 51242 44 20 ; ; : 51242 44 21 and and CC 51242 44 22 they -PRON- PRP 51242 44 23 refused refuse VBD 51242 44 24 , , , 51242 44 25 in in IN 51242 44 26 the the DT 51242 44 27 face face NN 51242 44 28 of of IN 51242 44 29 fines fine NNS 51242 44 30 , , , 51242 44 31 to to TO 51242 44 32 make make VB 51242 44 33 the the DT 51242 44 34 change change NN 51242 44 35 . . . 51242 45 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 45 2 resistance resistance NN 51242 45 3 was be VBD 51242 45 4 so so RB 51242 45 5 general general JJ 51242 45 6 and and CC 51242 45 7 so so RB 51242 45 8 dogged dog VBD 51242 45 9 that that IN 51242 45 10 the the DT 51242 45 11 law law NN 51242 45 12 became become VBD 51242 45 13 a a DT 51242 45 14 dead dead JJ 51242 45 15 letter letter NN 51242 45 16 , , , 51242 45 17 and and CC 51242 45 18 the the DT 51242 45 19 people people NNS 51242 45 20 reverted revert VBN 51242 45 21 with with IN 51242 45 22 great great JJ 51242 45 23 content content NN 51242 45 24 to to IN 51242 45 25 the the DT 51242 45 26 ancient ancient JJ 51242 45 27 system system NN 51242 45 28 which which WDT 51242 45 29 divided divide VBD 51242 45 30 the the DT 51242 45 31 business business NN 51242 45 32 of of IN 51242 45 33 local local JJ 51242 45 34 transport transport NN 51242 45 35 between between IN 51242 45 36 yoked yoked NNP 51242 45 37 oxen oxen NNP 51242 45 38 and and CC 51242 45 39 women woman NNS 51242 45 40 who who WP 51242 45 41 had have VBD 51242 45 42 been be VBN 51242 45 43 trained train VBN 51242 45 44 from from IN 51242 45 45 girlhood girlhood NN 51242 45 46 to to TO 51242 45 47 carry carry VB 51242 45 48 heavy heavy JJ 51242 45 49 loads load NNS 51242 45 50 upon upon IN 51242 45 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 45 52 heads head NNS 51242 45 53 . . . 51242 46 1 This this DT 51242 46 2 example example NN 51242 46 3 of of IN 51242 46 4 conservatism conservatism NN 51242 46 5 , , , 51242 46 6 though though IN 51242 46 7 extreme extreme NNP 51242 46 8 , , , 51242 46 9 is be VBZ 51242 46 10 characteristic characteristic JJ 51242 46 11 of of IN 51242 46 12 the the DT 51242 46 13 attitude attitude NN 51242 46 14 of of IN 51242 46 15 the the DT 51242 46 16 general general JJ 51242 46 17 public public NN 51242 46 18 towards towards IN 51242 46 19 innovations innovation NNS 51242 46 20 in in IN 51242 46 21 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 46 22 . . . 51242 47 1 Until until IN 51242 47 2 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 47 3 power power NN 51242 47 4 came come VBD 51242 47 5 to to TO 51242 47 6 be be VB 51242 47 7 used use VBN 51242 47 8 , , , 51242 47 9 there there EX 51242 47 10 was be VBD 51242 47 11 -- -- : 51242 47 12 for for IN 51242 47 13 many many JJ 51242 47 14 centuries century NNS 51242 47 15 -- -- : 51242 47 16 nothing nothing NN 51242 47 17 which which WDT 51242 47 18 could could MD 51242 47 19 be be VB 51242 47 20 described describe VBN 51242 47 21 as as IN 51242 47 22 a a DT 51242 47 23 radical radical JJ 51242 47 24 innovation innovation NN 51242 47 25 in in IN 51242 47 26 transport transport NN 51242 47 27 . . . 51242 48 1 Roads road NNS 51242 48 2 were be VBD 51242 48 3 multiplied multiply VBN 51242 48 4 and and CC 51242 48 5 improved improve VBN 51242 48 6 ; ; : 51242 48 7 some some DT 51242 48 8 advance advance NN 51242 48 9 was be VBD 51242 48 10 made make VBN 51242 48 11 in in IN 51242 48 12 the the DT 51242 48 13 design design NN 51242 48 14 and and CC 51242 48 15 construction construction NN 51242 48 16 of of IN 51242 48 17 carriages carriage NNS 51242 48 18 ; ; : 51242 48 19 and and CC 51242 48 20 the the DT 51242 48 21 organisation organisation NN 51242 48 22 of of IN 51242 48 23 posting posting NN 51242 48 24 and and CC 51242 48 25 stage stage NN 51242 48 26 - - HYPH 51242 48 27 coach coach NN 51242 48 28 services service NNS 51242 48 29 was be VBD 51242 48 30 developed develop VBN 51242 48 31 . . . 51242 49 1 But but CC 51242 49 2 little little JJ 51242 49 3 more more RBR 51242 49 4 was be VBD 51242 49 5 done do VBN 51242 49 6 . . . 51242 50 1 Compared compare VBN 51242 50 2 with with IN 51242 50 3 these these DT 51242 50 4 superficial superficial JJ 51242 50 5 changes change NNS 51242 50 6 , , , 51242 50 7 the the DT 51242 50 8 idea idea NN 51242 50 9 of of IN 51242 50 10 using use VBG 51242 50 11 steam steam NN 51242 50 12 power power NN 51242 50 13 on on IN 51242 50 14 the the DT 51242 50 15 highway highway NN 51242 50 16 or or CC 51242 50 17 on on IN 51242 50 18 a a DT 51242 50 19 railroad railroad NN 51242 50 20 was be VBD 51242 50 21 so so RB 51242 50 22 drastic drastic JJ 51242 50 23 a a DT 51242 50 24 change change NN 51242 50 25 that that WDT 51242 50 26 it -PRON- PRP 51242 50 27 roused rouse VBD 51242 50 28 tremendous tremendous JJ 51242 50 29 opposition opposition NN 51242 50 30 . . . 51242 51 1 The the DT 51242 51 2 railway railway NN 51242 51 3 companies company NNS 51242 51 4 fought fight VBD 51242 51 5 this this DT 51242 51 6 opposition opposition NN 51242 51 7 and and CC 51242 51 8 overcame overcome VBD 51242 51 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 51 10 , , , 51242 51 11 but but CC 51242 51 12 the the DT 51242 51 13 use use NN 51242 51 14 of of IN 51242 51 15 steam steam NN 51242 51 16 carriages carriage NNS 51242 51 17 on on IN 51242 51 18 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 51 19 roads road NNS 51242 51 20 was be VBD 51242 51 21 postponed postpone VBN 51242 51 22 until until IN 51242 51 23 the the DT 51242 51 24 appearance appearance NN 51242 51 25 of of IN 51242 51 26 the the DT 51242 51 27 petrol petrol NN 51242 51 28 motor motor NN 51242 51 29 encouraged encourage VBD 51242 51 30 a a DT 51242 51 31 movement movement NN 51242 51 32 -- -- : 51242 51 33 once once RB 51242 51 34 more more RBR 51242 51 35 against against IN 51242 51 36 strong strong JJ 51242 51 37 prejudice prejudice NN 51242 51 38 -- -- : 51242 51 39 for for IN 51242 51 40 the the DT 51242 51 41 repeal repeal NN 51242 51 42 of of IN 51242 51 43 the the DT 51242 51 44 legislation legislation NN 51242 51 45 which which WDT 51242 51 46 restricted restrict VBD 51242 51 47 the the DT 51242 51 48 use use NN 51242 51 49 of of IN 51242 51 50 mechanically mechanically RB 51242 51 51 - - HYPH 51242 51 52 propelled propel VBN 51242 51 53 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 51 54 on on IN 51242 51 55 the the DT 51242 51 56 roads road NNS 51242 51 57 . . . 51242 52 1 In in IN 51242 52 2 a a DT 51242 52 3 similar similar JJ 51242 52 4 way way NN 51242 52 5 horse horse NN 51242 52 6 tramways tramway NNS 51242 52 7 were be VBD 51242 52 8 violently violently RB 51242 52 9 attacked attack VBN 51242 52 10 ; ; : 51242 52 11 and and CC 51242 52 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 52 13 conversion conversion NN 51242 52 14 to to IN 51242 52 15 electric electric JJ 51242 52 16 traction traction NN 51242 52 17 was be VBD 51242 52 18 opposed oppose VBN 51242 52 19 by by IN 51242 52 20 a a DT 51242 52 21 determined determined JJ 51242 52 22 minority minority NN 51242 52 23 in in IN 51242 52 24 every every DT 51242 52 25 town town NN 51242 52 26 . . . 51242 53 1 More more RBR 51242 53 2 recently recently RB 51242 53 3 , , , 51242 53 4 there there EX 51242 53 5 was be VBD 51242 53 6 a a DT 51242 53 7 vigorous vigorous JJ 51242 53 8 agitation agitation NN 51242 53 9 against against IN 51242 53 10 the the DT 51242 53 11 substitution substitution NN 51242 53 12 of of IN 51242 53 13 motor motor NN 51242 53 14 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 53 15 for for IN 51242 53 16 horse horse NN 51242 53 17 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 53 18 in in IN 51242 53 19 London London NNP 51242 53 20 and and CC 51242 53 21 elsewhere elsewhere RB 51242 53 22 . . . 51242 54 1 To to IN 51242 54 2 some some DT 51242 54 3 extent extent NN 51242 54 4 this this DT 51242 54 5 recurrent recurrent JJ 51242 54 6 opposition opposition NN 51242 54 7 was be VBD 51242 54 8 reasonable reasonable JJ 51242 54 9 enough enough RB 51242 54 10 . . . 51242 55 1 The the DT 51242 55 2 new new JJ 51242 55 3 forms form NNS 51242 55 4 of of IN 51242 55 5 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 55 6 had have VBD 51242 55 7 dangers danger NNS 51242 55 8 of of IN 51242 55 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 55 10 own own JJ 51242 55 11 ; ; : 51242 55 12 they -PRON- PRP 51242 55 13 were be VBD 51242 55 14 generally generally RB 51242 55 15 noisy noisy JJ 51242 55 16 and and CC 51242 55 17 sometimes sometimes RB 51242 55 18 dirty dirty JJ 51242 55 19 ; ; : 51242 55 20 and and CC 51242 55 21 occasionally occasionally RB 51242 55 22 , , , 51242 55 23 as as IN 51242 55 24 in in IN 51242 55 25 the the DT 51242 55 26 case case NN 51242 55 27 of of IN 51242 55 28 early early JJ 51242 55 29 tramways tramway NNS 51242 55 30 , , , 51242 55 31 they -PRON- PRP 51242 55 32 were be VBD 51242 55 33 a a DT 51242 55 34 nuisance nuisance NN 51242 55 35 to to IN 51242 55 36 existing exist VBG 51242 55 37 traffic traffic NN 51242 55 38 . . . 51242 56 1 But but CC 51242 56 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 56 3 may may MD 51242 56 4 be be VB 51242 56 5 noted note VBN 51242 56 6 that that IN 51242 56 7 electricity electricity NN 51242 56 8 claims claim NNS 51242 56 9 to to TO 51242 56 10 provide provide VB 51242 56 11 a a DT 51242 56 12 means means NN 51242 56 13 of of IN 51242 56 14 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 56 15 not not RB 51242 56 16 only only RB 51242 56 17 more more RBR 51242 56 18 rapid rapid JJ 51242 56 19 and and CC 51242 56 20 more more RBR 51242 56 21 efficient efficient JJ 51242 56 22 ( ( -LRB- 51242 56 23 in in IN 51242 56 24 most most JJS 51242 56 25 cases case NNS 51242 56 26 ) ) -RRB- 51242 56 27 than than IN 51242 56 28 any any DT 51242 56 29 other other JJ 51242 56 30 , , , 51242 56 31 but but CC 51242 56 32 free free JJ 51242 56 33 from from IN 51242 56 34 many many JJ 51242 56 35 of of IN 51242 56 36 the the DT 51242 56 37 drawbacks drawback NNS 51242 56 38 which which WDT 51242 56 39 gave give VBD 51242 56 40 conservatism conservatism NN 51242 56 41 an an DT 51242 56 42 excuse excuse NN 51242 56 43 for for IN 51242 56 44 opposing oppose VBG 51242 56 45 the the DT 51242 56 46 introduction introduction NN 51242 56 47 of of IN 51242 56 48 steam steam NN 51242 56 49 and and CC 51242 56 50 other other JJ 51242 56 51 forms form NNS 51242 56 52 of of IN 51242 56 53 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 56 54 . . . 51242 57 1 In in IN 51242 57 2 the the DT 51242 57 3 following follow VBG 51242 57 4 pages page NNS 51242 57 5 I -PRON- PRP 51242 57 6 hope hope VBP 51242 57 7 to to TO 51242 57 8 give give VB 51242 57 9 a a DT 51242 57 10 clear clear JJ 51242 57 11 account account NN 51242 57 12 of of IN 51242 57 13 the the DT 51242 57 14 achievements achievement NNS 51242 57 15 of of IN 51242 57 16 electricity electricity NN 51242 57 17 in in IN 51242 57 18 the the DT 51242 57 19 field field NN 51242 57 20 of of IN 51242 57 21 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 57 22 and and CC 51242 57 23 also also RB 51242 57 24 to to TO 51242 57 25 indicate indicate VB 51242 57 26 some some DT 51242 57 27 of of IN 51242 57 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 57 29 more more RBR 51242 57 30 immediate immediate JJ 51242 57 31 potentialities potentiality NNS 51242 57 32 . . . 51242 58 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 51242 58 2 II II NNP 51242 58 3 EARLY EARLY NNP 51242 58 4 TRAMROADS TRAMROADS NNP 51242 58 5 AND and CC 51242 58 6 RAILWAYS railway NNS 51242 58 7 It -PRON- PRP 51242 58 8 has have VBZ 51242 58 9 sometimes sometimes RB 51242 58 10 been be VBN 51242 58 11 remarked remark VBN 51242 58 12 , , , 51242 58 13 by by IN 51242 58 14 unfriendly unfriendly JJ 51242 58 15 critics critic NNS 51242 58 16 , , , 51242 58 17 that that IN 51242 58 18 tramways tramway NNS 51242 58 19 are be VBP 51242 58 20 an an DT 51242 58 21 apology apology NN 51242 58 22 for for IN 51242 58 23 bad bad JJ 51242 58 24 roads road NNS 51242 58 25 . . . 51242 59 1 That that DT 51242 59 2 is be VBZ 51242 59 3 to to TO 51242 59 4 say say VB 51242 59 5 , , , 51242 59 6 if if IN 51242 59 7 road road NN 51242 59 8 surfaces surface NNS 51242 59 9 were be VBD 51242 59 10 perfect perfect JJ 51242 59 11 , , , 51242 59 12 there there EX 51242 59 13 would would MD 51242 59 14 be be VB 51242 59 15 no no DT 51242 59 16 need need NN 51242 59 17 to to TO 51242 59 18 lay lay VB 51242 59 19 rails rail NNS 51242 59 20 in in IN 51242 59 21 order order NN 51242 59 22 to to TO 51242 59 23 allow allow VB 51242 59 24 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 59 25 to to TO 51242 59 26 run run VB 51242 59 27 easily easily RB 51242 59 28 . . . 51242 60 1 Although although IN 51242 60 2 this this DT 51242 60 3 view view NN 51242 60 4 of of IN 51242 60 5 the the DT 51242 60 6 case case NN 51242 60 7 may may MD 51242 60 8 be be VB 51242 60 9 no no RB 51242 60 10 better well JJR 51242 60 11 than than IN 51242 60 12 a a DT 51242 60 13 quarter quarter NN 51242 60 14 - - HYPH 51242 60 15 truth truth NN 51242 60 16 , , , 51242 60 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 60 18 is be VBZ 51242 60 19 justified justified JJ 51242 60 20 to to IN 51242 60 21 the the DT 51242 60 22 extent extent NN 51242 60 23 that that WDT 51242 60 24 tramways tramway NNS 51242 60 25 were be VBD 51242 60 26 , , , 51242 60 27 as as IN 51242 60 28 a a DT 51242 60 29 matter matter NN 51242 60 30 of of IN 51242 60 31 fact fact NN 51242 60 32 , , , 51242 60 33 the the DT 51242 60 34 outcome outcome NN 51242 60 35 of of IN 51242 60 36 an an DT 51242 60 37 attempt attempt NN 51242 60 38 to to TO 51242 60 39 escape escape VB 51242 60 40 from from IN 51242 60 41 bad bad JJ 51242 60 42 road road NN 51242 60 43 surfaces surface NNS 51242 60 44 . . . 51242 61 1 In in IN 51242 61 2 the the DT 51242 61 3 early early JJ 51242 61 4 days day NNS 51242 61 5 of of IN 51242 61 6 mining mining NN 51242 61 7 , , , 51242 61 8 coals coal NNS 51242 61 9 were be VBD 51242 61 10 taken take VBN 51242 61 11 by by IN 51242 61 12 horsedrawn horsedrawn NNP 51242 61 13 wagons wagon NNS 51242 61 14 from from IN 51242 61 15 the the DT 51242 61 16 pits pit NNS 51242 61 17 to to IN 51242 61 18 the the DT 51242 61 19 harbours harbour NNS 51242 61 20 . . . 51242 62 1 The the DT 51242 62 2 passage passage NN 51242 62 3 and and CC 51242 62 4 re re NN 51242 62 5 - - NN 51242 62 6 passage passage NN 51242 62 7 of of IN 51242 62 8 heavy heavy JJ 51242 62 9 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 62 10 on on IN 51242 62 11 the the DT 51242 62 12 same same JJ 51242 62 13 roadway roadway NN 51242 62 14 led lead VBD 51242 62 15 to to IN 51242 62 16 the the DT 51242 62 17 formation formation NN 51242 62 18 of of IN 51242 62 19 deep deep JJ 51242 62 20 ruts rut NNS 51242 62 21 ; ; : 51242 62 22 and and CC 51242 62 23 the the DT 51242 62 24 first first JJ 51242 62 25 step step NN 51242 62 26 towards towards IN 51242 62 27 both both CC 51242 62 28 the the DT 51242 62 29 tramway tramway NN 51242 62 30 and and CC 51242 62 31 the the DT 51242 62 32 railway railway NN 51242 62 33 was be VBD 51242 62 34 taken take VBN 51242 62 35 when when WRB 51242 62 36 logs log NNS 51242 62 37 of of IN 51242 62 38 wood wood NN 51242 62 39 or or CC 51242 62 40 ' ' `` 51242 62 41 trams tram NNS 51242 62 42 ' ' '' 51242 62 43 were be VBD 51242 62 44 laid lay VBN 51242 62 45 in in IN 51242 62 46 the the DT 51242 62 47 ruts rut NNS 51242 62 48 to to TO 51242 62 49 facilitate facilitate VB 51242 62 50 transport transport NN 51242 62 51 . . . 51242 63 1 The the DT 51242 63 2 next next JJ 51242 63 3 step step NN 51242 63 4 was be VBD 51242 63 5 to to TO 51242 63 6 make make VB 51242 63 7 the the DT 51242 63 8 upper upper JJ 51242 63 9 surface surface NN 51242 63 10 of of IN 51242 63 11 the the DT 51242 63 12 log log NN 51242 63 13 round round NN 51242 63 14 and and CC 51242 63 15 the the DT 51242 63 16 rims rim NNS 51242 63 17 of of IN 51242 63 18 the the DT 51242 63 19 wheels wheel NNS 51242 63 20 hollow hollow JJ 51242 63 21 , , , 51242 63 22 so so IN 51242 63 23 that that IN 51242 63 24 they -PRON- PRP 51242 63 25 fitted fit VBD 51242 63 26 over over IN 51242 63 27 the the DT 51242 63 28 rails rail NNS 51242 63 29 and and CC 51242 63 30 kept keep VBD 51242 63 31 the the DT 51242 63 32 wagons wagon NNS 51242 63 33 on on IN 51242 63 34 the the DT 51242 63 35 track track NN 51242 63 36 . . . 51242 64 1 Owing owe VBG 51242 64 2 to to IN 51242 64 3 the the DT 51242 64 4 upper upper JJ 51242 64 5 part part NN 51242 64 6 of of IN 51242 64 7 the the DT 51242 64 8 rails rail NNS 51242 64 9 wearing wear VBG 51242 64 10 away away RB 51242 64 11 quickly quickly RB 51242 64 12 , , , 51242 64 13 thin thin JJ 51242 64 14 plates plate NNS 51242 64 15 of of IN 51242 64 16 iron iron NN 51242 64 17 were be VBD 51242 64 18 in in IN 51242 64 19 some some DT 51242 64 20 cases case NNS 51242 64 21 nailed nail VBD 51242 64 22 to to IN 51242 64 23 them -PRON- PRP 51242 64 24 . . . 51242 65 1 This this DT 51242 65 2 improvement improvement NN 51242 65 3 led lead VBD 51242 65 4 to to IN 51242 65 5 the the DT 51242 65 6 adoption adoption NN 51242 65 7 of of IN 51242 65 8 a a DT 51242 65 9 cast cast NN 51242 65 10 - - HYPH 51242 65 11 iron iron NN 51242 65 12 rail rail NN 51242 65 13 , , , 51242 65 14 fastened fasten VBN 51242 65 15 to to IN 51242 65 16 wooden wooden JJ 51242 65 17 sleepers sleeper NNS 51242 65 18 . . . 51242 66 1 The the DT 51242 66 2 earliest early JJS 51242 66 3 cast cast NN 51242 66 4 - - HYPH 51242 66 5 iron iron NN 51242 66 6 railway railway NN 51242 66 7 was be VBD 51242 66 8 laid lay VBN 51242 66 9 down down RP 51242 66 10 before before IN 51242 66 11 the the DT 51242 66 12 middle middle NN 51242 66 13 of of IN 51242 66 14 the the DT 51242 66 15 eighteenth eighteenth JJ 51242 66 16 century century NN 51242 66 17 , , , 51242 66 18 about about RB 51242 66 19 one one CD 51242 66 20 hundred hundred CD 51242 66 21 years year NNS 51242 66 22 after after IN 51242 66 23 the the DT 51242 66 24 first first JJ 51242 66 25 wooden wooden JJ 51242 66 26 ' ' '' 51242 66 27 tram tram NN 51242 66 28 - - HYPH 51242 66 29 ways way NNS 51242 66 30 . . . 51242 66 31 ' ' '' 51242 67 1 Half half PDT 51242 67 2 a a DT 51242 67 3 century century NN 51242 67 4 later later RBR 51242 67 5 we -PRON- PRP 51242 67 6 find find VBP 51242 67 7 the the DT 51242 67 8 first first JJ 51242 67 9 rail rail NN 51242 67 10 - - HYPH 51242 67 11 and and CC 51242 67 12 - - HYPH 51242 67 13 wheel wheel NN 51242 67 14 combination combination NN 51242 67 15 as as IN 51242 67 16 we -PRON- PRP 51242 67 17 know know VBP 51242 67 18 it -PRON- PRP 51242 67 19 on on IN 51242 67 20 modern modern JJ 51242 67 21 tramways tramway NNS 51242 67 22 and and CC 51242 67 23 railways railway NNS 51242 67 24 , , , 51242 67 25 where where WRB 51242 67 26 the the DT 51242 67 27 wheel wheel NN 51242 67 28 carries carry VBZ 51242 67 29 an an DT 51242 67 30 inner inner JJ 51242 67 31 flange flange NN 51242 67 32 and and CC 51242 67 33 runs run NNS 51242 67 34 upon upon IN 51242 67 35 the the DT 51242 67 36 head head NN 51242 67 37 of of IN 51242 67 38 a a DT 51242 67 39 narrow narrow JJ 51242 67 40 metal metal NN 51242 67 41 rail rail NN 51242 67 42 . . . 51242 68 1 This this DT 51242 68 2 is be VBZ 51242 68 3 the the DT 51242 68 4 form form NN 51242 68 5 which which WDT 51242 68 6 experience experience NN 51242 68 7 has have VBZ 51242 68 8 proved prove VBN 51242 68 9 to to TO 51242 68 10 be be VB 51242 68 11 best well RBS 51242 68 12 adapted adapt VBN 51242 68 13 for for IN 51242 68 14 safety safety NN 51242 68 15 , , , 51242 68 16 speed speed NN 51242 68 17 , , , 51242 68 18 and and CC 51242 68 19 economy economy NN 51242 68 20 in in IN 51242 68 21 power power NN 51242 68 22 . . . 51242 69 1 The the DT 51242 69 2 improvements improvement NNS 51242 69 3 made make VBN 51242 69 4 since since IN 51242 69 5 the the DT 51242 69 6 beginning beginning NN 51242 69 7 of of IN 51242 69 8 the the DT 51242 69 9 nineteenth nineteenth JJ 51242 69 10 century century NN 51242 69 11 have have VBP 51242 69 12 been be VBN 51242 69 13 in in IN 51242 69 14 matters matter NNS 51242 69 15 of of IN 51242 69 16 detail detail NN 51242 69 17 . . . 51242 70 1 Many many JJ 51242 70 2 miles mile NNS 51242 70 3 of of IN 51242 70 4 colliery colliery NN 51242 70 5 tramroads tramroad NNS 51242 70 6 were be VBD 51242 70 7 in in IN 51242 70 8 existence existence NN 51242 70 9 when when WRB 51242 70 10 -- -- : 51242 70 11 at at IN 51242 70 12 the the DT 51242 70 13 beginning beginning NN 51242 70 14 of of IN 51242 70 15 the the DT 51242 70 16 nineteenth nineteenth JJ 51242 70 17 century century NN 51242 70 18 -- -- : 51242 70 19 the the DT 51242 70 20 idea idea NN 51242 70 21 of of IN 51242 70 22 using use VBG 51242 70 23 the the DT 51242 70 24 steam steam NN 51242 70 25 engine engine NN 51242 70 26 in in IN 51242 70 27 place place NN 51242 70 28 of of IN 51242 70 29 the the DT 51242 70 30 horse horse NN 51242 70 31 was be VBD 51242 70 32 taken take VBN 51242 70 33 up up RP 51242 70 34 by by IN 51242 70 35 engineers engineer NNS 51242 70 36 . . . 51242 71 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 71 2 were be VBD 51242 71 3 concerned concern VBN 51242 71 4 at at IN 51242 71 5 first first RB 51242 71 6 solely solely RB 51242 71 7 with with IN 51242 71 8 the the DT 51242 71 9 carriage carriage NN 51242 71 10 of of IN 51242 71 11 coal coal NN 51242 71 12 ; ; : 51242 71 13 the the DT 51242 71 14 idea idea NN 51242 71 15 of of IN 51242 71 16 conveying convey VBG 51242 71 17 passengers passenger NNS 51242 71 18 arose arise VBD 51242 71 19 at at IN 51242 71 20 a a DT 51242 71 21 later later JJ 51242 71 22 date date NN 51242 71 23 , , , 51242 71 24 after after IN 51242 71 25 the the DT 51242 71 26 steam steam NN 51242 71 27 automobile automobile NN 51242 71 28 had have VBD 51242 71 29 been be VBN 51242 71 30 tried try VBN 51242 71 31 and and CC 51242 71 32 abandoned abandon VBN 51242 71 33 for for IN 51242 71 34 the the DT 51242 71 35 time time NN 51242 71 36 being be VBG 51242 71 37 . . . 51242 72 1 George George NNP 51242 72 2 Stephenson Stephenson NNP 51242 72 3 , , , 51242 72 4 for for IN 51242 72 5 instance instance NN 51242 72 6 , , , 51242 72 7 ran run VBD 51242 72 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 72 9 first first JJ 51242 72 10 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 72 11 on on IN 51242 72 12 colliery colliery NN 51242 72 13 tramroads tramroad NNS 51242 72 14 ; ; : 51242 72 15 and and CC 51242 72 16 the the DT 51242 72 17 first first JJ 51242 72 18 railway railway NN 51242 72 19 -- -- : 51242 72 20 between between IN 51242 72 21 Stockton Stockton NNP 51242 72 22 and and CC 51242 72 23 Darlington Darlington NNP 51242 72 24 -- -- : 51242 72 25 was be VBD 51242 72 26 used use VBN 51242 72 27 for for IN 51242 72 28 passengers passenger NNS 51242 72 29 merely merely RB 51242 72 30 as as IN 51242 72 31 an an DT 51242 72 32 afterthought afterthought NN 51242 72 33 . . . 51242 73 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 73 2 was be VBD 51242 73 3 , , , 51242 73 4 in in IN 51242 73 5 fact fact NN 51242 73 6 , , , 51242 73 7 designed design VBN 51242 73 8 to to TO 51242 73 9 be be VB 51242 73 10 a a DT 51242 73 11 tramroad tramroad NN 51242 73 12 for for IN 51242 73 13 the the DT 51242 73 14 use use NN 51242 73 15 of of IN 51242 73 16 the the DT 51242 73 17 public public NN 51242 73 18 in in IN 51242 73 19 general general JJ 51242 73 20 transport transport NN 51242 73 21 by by IN 51242 73 22 horse horse NN 51242 73 23 traction traction NN 51242 73 24 . . . 51242 74 1 The the DT 51242 74 2 most most RBS 51242 74 3 curious curious JJ 51242 74 4 feature feature NN 51242 74 5 of of IN 51242 74 6 this this DT 51242 74 7 stage stage NN 51242 74 8 in in IN 51242 74 9 the the DT 51242 74 10 evolution evolution NN 51242 74 11 of of IN 51242 74 12 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 74 13 was be VBD 51242 74 14 that that IN 51242 74 15 , , , 51242 74 16 although although IN 51242 74 17 Stephenson Stephenson NNP 51242 74 18 's 's POS 51242 74 19 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 74 20 had have VBD 51242 74 21 been be VBN 51242 74 22 at at IN 51242 74 23 work work NN 51242 74 24 for for IN 51242 74 25 several several JJ 51242 74 26 years year NNS 51242 74 27 and and CC 51242 74 28 although although IN 51242 74 29 several several JJ 51242 74 30 schemes scheme NNS 51242 74 31 of of IN 51242 74 32 iron iron NN 51242 74 33 roads road NNS 51242 74 34 had have VBD 51242 74 35 been be VBN 51242 74 36 projected project VBN 51242 74 37 , , , 51242 74 38 very very RB 51242 74 39 few few JJ 51242 74 40 people people NNS 51242 74 41 had have VBD 51242 74 42 any any DT 51242 74 43 conception conception NN 51242 74 44 of of IN 51242 74 45 the the DT 51242 74 46 development development NN 51242 74 47 awaiting await VBG 51242 74 48 the the DT 51242 74 49 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 74 50 and and CC 51242 74 51 iron iron NN 51242 74 52 road road NN 51242 74 53 in in IN 51242 74 54 combination combination NN 51242 74 55 . . . 51242 75 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 75 2 did do VBD 51242 75 3 not not RB 51242 75 4 even even RB 51242 75 5 appreciate appreciate VB 51242 75 6 the the DT 51242 75 7 proved proved JJ 51242 75 8 fact fact NN 51242 75 9 that that IN 51242 75 10 the the DT 51242 75 11 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 75 12 was be VBD 51242 75 13 a a DT 51242 75 14 more more RBR 51242 75 15 efficient efficient JJ 51242 75 16 means mean NNS 51242 75 17 of of IN 51242 75 18 transport transport NN 51242 75 19 than than IN 51242 75 20 the the DT 51242 75 21 horse horse NN 51242 75 22 . . . 51242 76 1 An an DT 51242 76 2 immense immense JJ 51242 76 3 amount amount NN 51242 76 4 of of IN 51242 76 5 pioneering pioneer VBG 51242 76 6 work work NN 51242 76 7 had have VBD 51242 76 8 to to TO 51242 76 9 be be VB 51242 76 10 done do VBN 51242 76 11 before before IN 51242 76 12 the the DT 51242 76 13 impression impression NN 51242 76 14 of of IN 51242 76 15 a a DT 51242 76 16 new new JJ 51242 76 17 era era NN 51242 76 18 could could MD 51242 76 19 be be VB 51242 76 20 borne bear VBN 51242 76 21 in in IN 51242 76 22 upon upon IN 51242 76 23 the the DT 51242 76 24 public public JJ 51242 76 25 mind mind NN 51242 76 26 . . . 51242 77 1 These these DT 51242 77 2 were be VBD 51242 77 3 the the DT 51242 77 4 days day NNS 51242 77 5 when when WRB 51242 77 6 the the DT 51242 77 7 _ _ NNP 51242 77 8 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 51242 77 9 Review Review NNP 51242 77 10 _ _ NNP 51242 77 11 backed back VBD 51242 77 12 ' ' '' 51242 77 13 old old JJ 51242 77 14 Father Father NNP 51242 77 15 Thames Thames NNP 51242 77 16 against against IN 51242 77 17 the the DT 51242 77 18 Woolwich Woolwich NNP 51242 77 19 Railway Railway NNP 51242 77 20 for for IN 51242 77 21 any any DT 51242 77 22 sum sum NN 51242 77 23 ' ' '' 51242 77 24 and and CC 51242 77 25 when when WRB 51242 77 26 a a DT 51242 77 27 witness witness NN 51242 77 28 before before IN 51242 77 29 a a DT 51242 77 30 Parliamentary Parliamentary NNP 51242 77 31 Committee Committee NNP 51242 77 32 ( ( -LRB- 51242 77 33 on on IN 51242 77 34 the the DT 51242 77 35 Liverpool Liverpool NNP 51242 77 36 and and CC 51242 77 37 Manchester Manchester NNP 51242 77 38 Railway Railway NNP 51242 77 39 Bill Bill NNP 51242 77 40 , , , 51242 77 41 in in IN 51242 77 42 1825 1825 CD 51242 77 43 ) ) -RRB- 51242 77 44 thought think VBD 51242 77 45 himself -PRON- PRP 51242 77 46 safe safe JJ 51242 77 47 in in IN 51242 77 48 suggesting suggest VBG 51242 77 49 that that IN 51242 77 50 a a DT 51242 77 51 steam steam NN 51242 77 52 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 77 53 could could MD 51242 77 54 not not RB 51242 77 55 start start VB 51242 77 56 against against IN 51242 77 57 a a DT 51242 77 58 gale gale NN 51242 77 59 of of IN 51242 77 60 wind wind NN 51242 77 61 . . . 51242 78 1 When when WRB 51242 78 2 these these DT 51242 78 3 prejudices prejudice NNS 51242 78 4 were be VBD 51242 78 5 overcome overcome VBN 51242 78 6 , , , 51242 78 7 many many JJ 51242 78 8 years year NNS 51242 78 9 had have VBD 51242 78 10 to to TO 51242 78 11 pass pass VB 51242 78 12 before before IN 51242 78 13 the the DT 51242 78 14 objections objection NNS 51242 78 15 of of IN 51242 78 16 landowners landowner NNS 51242 78 17 and and CC 51242 78 18 citizens citizen NNS 51242 78 19 were be VBD 51242 78 20 worn wear VBN 51242 78 21 down down RP 51242 78 22 . . . 51242 79 1 Railway railway NN 51242 79 2 engineers engineer NNS 51242 79 3 spent spend VBD 51242 79 4 most most JJS 51242 79 5 of of IN 51242 79 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 79 7 time time NN 51242 79 8 in in IN 51242 79 9 a a DT 51242 79 10 form form NN 51242 79 11 of of IN 51242 79 12 diplomatic diplomatic JJ 51242 79 13 warfare warfare NN 51242 79 14 with with IN 51242 79 15 opponents opponent NNS 51242 79 16 to to IN 51242 79 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 79 18 schemes scheme NNS 51242 79 19 ; ; , 51242 79 20 huge huge JJ 51242 79 21 sums sum NNS 51242 79 22 -- -- : 51242 79 23 part part NN 51242 79 24 of of IN 51242 79 25 which which WDT 51242 79 26 still still RB 51242 79 27 lingers linger VBZ 51242 79 28 in in IN 51242 79 29 the the DT 51242 79 30 capital capital NN 51242 79 31 accounts account NNS 51242 79 32 of of IN 51242 79 33 railway railway NN 51242 79 34 companies company NNS 51242 79 35 -- -- : 51242 79 36 were be VBD 51242 79 37 spent spend VBN 51242 79 38 in in IN 51242 79 39 Parliamentary parliamentary JJ 51242 79 40 proceedings proceeding NNS 51242 79 41 over over IN 51242 79 42 Railway Railway NNP 51242 79 43 Bills Bills NNPS 51242 79 44 . . . 51242 80 1 This this DT 51242 80 2 barren barren JJ 51242 80 3 process process NN 51242 80 4 had have VBD 51242 80 5 to to TO 51242 80 6 be be VB 51242 80 7 repeated repeat VBN 51242 80 8 when when WRB 51242 80 9 electric electric JJ 51242 80 10 traction traction NN 51242 80 11 made make VBD 51242 80 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 80 13 appearance appearance NN 51242 80 14 ; ; : 51242 80 15 but but CC 51242 80 16 happily happily RB 51242 80 17 the the DT 51242 80 18 electrical electrical JJ 51242 80 19 fight fight NN 51242 80 20 was be VBD 51242 80 21 not not RB 51242 80 22 upon upon RB 51242 80 23 quite quite RB 51242 80 24 so so RB 51242 80 25 extensive extensive JJ 51242 80 26 a a DT 51242 80 27 scale scale NN 51242 80 28 , , , 51242 80 29 nor nor CC 51242 80 30 was be VBD 51242 80 31 the the DT 51242 80 32 period period NN 51242 80 33 of of IN 51242 80 34 preparation preparation NN 51242 80 35 followed follow VBN 51242 80 36 by by IN 51242 80 37 anything anything NN 51242 80 38 comparable comparable JJ 51242 80 39 to to IN 51242 80 40 the the DT 51242 80 41 Railway Railway NNP 51242 80 42 Mania Mania NNP 51242 80 43 of of IN 51242 80 44 1845 1845 CD 51242 80 45 , , , 51242 80 46 when when WRB 51242 80 47 the the DT 51242 80 48 public public NN 51242 80 49 made make VBD 51242 80 50 up up RP 51242 80 51 for for IN 51242 80 52 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 80 53 early early JJ 51242 80 54 contempt contempt NN 51242 80 55 of of IN 51242 80 56 railway railway NN 51242 80 57 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 80 58 by by IN 51242 80 59 tumbling tumble VBG 51242 80 60 over over IN 51242 80 61 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 80 62 to to TO 51242 80 63 get get VB 51242 80 64 shares share NNS 51242 80 65 in in IN 51242 80 66 some some DT 51242 80 67 of of IN 51242 80 68 the the DT 51242 80 69 most most RBS 51242 80 70 crazy crazy JJ 51242 80 71 schemes scheme NNS 51242 80 72 which which WDT 51242 80 73 were be VBD 51242 80 74 ever ever RB 51242 80 75 put put VBN 51242 80 76 into into IN 51242 80 77 shape shape NN 51242 80 78 by by IN 51242 80 79 unscrupulous unscrupulous JJ 51242 80 80 company company NN 51242 80 81 promoters promoter NNS 51242 80 82 . . . 51242 81 1 The the DT 51242 81 2 early early JJ 51242 81 3 history history NN 51242 81 4 of of IN 51242 81 5 the the DT 51242 81 6 steam steam NN 51242 81 7 railway railway NN 51242 81 8 is be VBZ 51242 81 9 interesting interesting JJ 51242 81 10 in in IN 51242 81 11 connection connection NN 51242 81 12 with with IN 51242 81 13 electrical electrical JJ 51242 81 14 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 81 15 for for IN 51242 81 16 two two CD 51242 81 17 reasons reason NNS 51242 81 18 . . . 51242 82 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 82 2 shows show VBZ 51242 82 3 that that IN 51242 82 4 the the DT 51242 82 5 railroad railroad NN 51242 82 6 proper proper JJ 51242 82 7 evolved evolve VBD 51242 82 8 out out IN 51242 82 9 of of IN 51242 82 10 the the DT 51242 82 11 tramroad tramroad NN 51242 82 12 or or CC 51242 82 13 ' ' `` 51242 82 14 light light JJ 51242 82 15 railway railway NN 51242 82 16 , , , 51242 82 17 ' ' '' 51242 82 18 as as IN 51242 82 19 it -PRON- PRP 51242 82 20 would would MD 51242 82 21 now now RB 51242 82 22 be be VB 51242 82 23 called call VBN 51242 82 24 -- -- : 51242 82 25 a a DT 51242 82 26 type type NN 51242 82 27 of of IN 51242 82 28 line line NN 51242 82 29 which which WDT 51242 82 30 is be VBZ 51242 82 31 specially specially RB 51242 82 32 suited suited JJ 51242 82 33 to to IN 51242 82 34 electrical electrical JJ 51242 82 35 operation operation NN 51242 82 36 . . . 51242 83 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 83 2 also also RB 51242 83 3 includes include VBZ 51242 83 4 a a DT 51242 83 5 controversy controversy NN 51242 83 6 between between IN 51242 83 7 three three CD 51242 83 8 modes mode NNS 51242 83 9 of of IN 51242 83 10 traction traction NN 51242 83 11 ; ; : 51242 83 12 and and CC 51242 83 13 this this DT 51242 83 14 controversy controversy NN 51242 83 15 forms form VBZ 51242 83 16 a a DT 51242 83 17 very very RB 51242 83 18 good good JJ 51242 83 19 introduction introduction NN 51242 83 20 to to IN 51242 83 21 a a DT 51242 83 22 discussion discussion NN 51242 83 23 of of IN 51242 83 24 the the DT 51242 83 25 reasons reason NNS 51242 83 26 why why WRB 51242 83 27 electricity electricity NN 51242 83 28 is be VBZ 51242 83 29 so so RB 51242 83 30 economical economical JJ 51242 83 31 in in IN 51242 83 32 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 83 33 . . . 51242 84 1 These these DT 51242 84 2 three three CD 51242 84 3 modes mode NNS 51242 84 4 were be VBD 51242 84 5 ( ( -LRB- 51242 84 6 1 1 LS 51242 84 7 ) ) -RRB- 51242 84 8 stationary stationary JJ 51242 84 9 engines engine NNS 51242 84 10 : : : 51242 84 11 ( ( -LRB- 51242 84 12 2 2 LS 51242 84 13 ) ) -RRB- 51242 84 14 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 84 15 : : : 51242 84 16 ( ( -LRB- 51242 84 17 3 3 LS 51242 84 18 ) ) -RRB- 51242 84 19 the the DT 51242 84 20 device device NN 51242 84 21 known know VBN 51242 84 22 as as IN 51242 84 23 the the DT 51242 84 24 ' ' `` 51242 84 25 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 84 26 railway railway NN 51242 84 27 . . . 51242 84 28 ' ' '' 51242 85 1 In in IN 51242 85 2 both both CC 51242 85 3 the the DT 51242 85 4 first first JJ 51242 85 5 and and CC 51242 85 6 third third JJ 51242 85 7 , , , 51242 85 8 engine engine NN 51242 85 9 houses house NNS 51242 85 10 were be VBD 51242 85 11 placed place VBN 51242 85 12 close close RB 51242 85 13 to to IN 51242 85 14 the the DT 51242 85 15 line line NN 51242 85 16 at at IN 51242 85 17 convenient convenient JJ 51242 85 18 intervals interval NNS 51242 85 19 . . . 51242 86 1 In in IN 51242 86 2 the the DT 51242 86 3 first first JJ 51242 86 4 , , , 51242 86 5 each each DT 51242 86 6 steam steam NN 51242 86 7 engine engine NN 51242 86 8 operated operate VBD 51242 86 9 an an DT 51242 86 10 endless endless JJ 51242 86 11 rope rope NN 51242 86 12 to to TO 51242 86 13 which which WDT 51242 86 14 the the DT 51242 86 15 train train NN 51242 86 16 of of IN 51242 86 17 carriages carriage NNS 51242 86 18 was be VBD 51242 86 19 attached attach VBN 51242 86 20 . . . 51242 87 1 The the DT 51242 87 2 system system NN 51242 87 3 is be VBZ 51242 87 4 still still RB 51242 87 5 in in IN 51242 87 6 use use NN 51242 87 7 for for IN 51242 87 8 colliery colliery NN 51242 87 9 working working NN 51242 87 10 and and CC 51242 87 11 is be VBZ 51242 87 12 also also RB 51242 87 13 employed employ VBN 51242 87 14 ( ( -LRB- 51242 87 15 in in IN 51242 87 16 an an DT 51242 87 17 improved improve VBN 51242 87 18 form form NN 51242 87 19 , , , 51242 87 20 of of IN 51242 87 21 course course NN 51242 87 22 ) ) -RRB- 51242 87 23 for for IN 51242 87 24 funicular funicular JJ 51242 87 25 railways railway NNS 51242 87 26 . . . 51242 88 1 George George NNP 51242 88 2 Stephenson Stephenson NNP 51242 88 3 himself -PRON- PRP 51242 88 4 employed employ VBD 51242 88 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 88 6 to to TO 51242 88 7 assist assist VB 51242 88 8 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 88 9 up up RP 51242 88 10 heavy heavy JJ 51242 88 11 gradients gradient NNS 51242 88 12 . . . 51242 89 1 In in IN 51242 89 2 the the DT 51242 89 3 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 89 4 railway railway NN 51242 89 5 the the DT 51242 89 6 stationary stationary JJ 51242 89 7 engines engine NNS 51242 89 8 were be VBD 51242 89 9 used use VBN 51242 89 10 to to TO 51242 89 11 exhaust exhaust VB 51242 89 12 the the DT 51242 89 13 air air NN 51242 89 14 from from IN 51242 89 15 a a DT 51242 89 16 length length NN 51242 89 17 of of IN 51242 89 18 cast cast NN 51242 89 19 - - HYPH 51242 89 20 iron iron NN 51242 89 21 piping piping NN 51242 89 22 laid lay VBD 51242 89 23 close close RB 51242 89 24 to to IN 51242 89 25 the the DT 51242 89 26 railway railway NN 51242 89 27 . . . 51242 90 1 The the DT 51242 90 2 principle principle NN 51242 90 3 is be VBZ 51242 90 4 the the DT 51242 90 5 same same JJ 51242 90 6 as as IN 51242 90 7 that that DT 51242 90 8 of of IN 51242 90 9 the the DT 51242 90 10 ' ' `` 51242 90 11 pneumatic pneumatic JJ 51242 90 12 tube tube NN 51242 90 13 ' ' '' 51242 90 14 which which WDT 51242 90 15 the the DT 51242 90 16 Post Post NNP 51242 90 17 Office Office NNP 51242 90 18 uses use VBZ 51242 90 19 for for IN 51242 90 20 sending send VBG 51242 90 21 papers paper NNS 51242 90 22 over over IN 51242 90 23 short short JJ 51242 90 24 distances distance NNS 51242 90 25 . . . 51242 91 1 The the DT 51242 91 2 papers paper NNS 51242 91 3 are be VBP 51242 91 4 placed place VBN 51242 91 5 in in IN 51242 91 6 a a DT 51242 91 7 cylinder cylinder NN 51242 91 8 which which WDT 51242 91 9 fits fit VBZ 51242 91 10 the the DT 51242 91 11 interior interior NN 51242 91 12 of of IN 51242 91 13 the the DT 51242 91 14 tube tube NN 51242 91 15 ; ; : 51242 91 16 and and CC 51242 91 17 when when WRB 51242 91 18 the the DT 51242 91 19 air air NN 51242 91 20 is be VBZ 51242 91 21 exhausted exhaust VBN 51242 91 22 from from IN 51242 91 23 the the DT 51242 91 24 tube tube NN 51242 91 25 in in IN 51242 91 26 front front NN 51242 91 27 of of IN 51242 91 28 the the DT 51242 91 29 cylinder cylinder NN 51242 91 30 , , , 51242 91 31 the the DT 51242 91 32 pressure pressure NN 51242 91 33 of of IN 51242 91 34 the the DT 51242 91 35 air air NN 51242 91 36 behind behind IN 51242 91 37 it -PRON- PRP 51242 91 38 drives drive VBZ 51242 91 39 the the DT 51242 91 40 cylinder cylinder NN 51242 91 41 forward forward RB 51242 91 42 . . . 51242 92 1 Nowadays nowadays RB 51242 92 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 92 3 is be VBZ 51242 92 4 difficult difficult JJ 51242 92 5 to to TO 51242 92 6 realise realise VB 51242 92 7 that that IN 51242 92 8 such such PDT 51242 92 9 a a DT 51242 92 10 system system NN 51242 92 11 was be VBD 51242 92 12 seriously seriously RB 51242 92 13 proposed propose VBN 51242 92 14 for for IN 51242 92 15 railway railway NN 51242 92 16 work work NN 51242 92 17 and and CC 51242 92 18 actually actually RB 51242 92 19 adopted adopt VBN 51242 92 20 by by IN 51242 92 21 an an DT 51242 92 22 engineer engineer NN 51242 92 23 of of IN 51242 92 24 such such JJ 51242 92 25 eminence eminence NN 51242 92 26 as as IN 51242 92 27 Brunel Brunel NNP 51242 92 28 . . . 51242 93 1 But but CC 51242 93 2 in in IN 51242 93 3 point point NN 51242 93 4 of of IN 51242 93 5 fact fact NN 51242 93 6 it -PRON- PRP 51242 93 7 was be VBD 51242 93 8 recommended recommend VBN 51242 93 9 by by IN 51242 93 10 two two CD 51242 93 11 Board Board NNP 51242 93 12 of of IN 51242 93 13 Trade Trade NNP 51242 93 14 experts expert NNS 51242 93 15 in in IN 51242 93 16 1842 1842 CD 51242 93 17 and and CC 51242 93 18 by by IN 51242 93 19 a a DT 51242 93 20 Select Select NNP 51242 93 21 Committee Committee NNP 51242 93 22 appointed appoint VBD 51242 93 23 in in IN 51242 93 24 1845 1845 CD 51242 93 25 to to TO 51242 93 26 consider consider VB 51242 93 27 several several JJ 51242 93 28 Bills bill NNS 51242 93 29 for for IN 51242 93 30 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 93 31 railways railway NNS 51242 93 32 . . . 51242 94 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 94 2 was be VBD 51242 94 3 tried try VBN 51242 94 4 at at IN 51242 94 5 Dalkey Dalkey NNP 51242 94 6 and and CC 51242 94 7 Croydon Croydon NNP 51242 94 8 , , , 51242 94 9 and and CC 51242 94 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 94 11 was be VBD 51242 94 12 installed instal VBN 51242 94 13 under under IN 51242 94 14 Brunel Brunel NNP 51242 94 15 's 's POS 51242 94 16 supervision supervision NN 51242 94 17 on on IN 51242 94 18 a a DT 51242 94 19 six six CD 51242 94 20 - - HYPH 51242 94 21 mile mile NN 51242 94 22 line line NN 51242 94 23 in in IN 51242 94 24 Devon Devon NNP 51242 94 25 . . . 51242 95 1 The the DT 51242 95 2 carrier carrier NN 51242 95 3 in in IN 51242 95 4 the the DT 51242 95 5 tube tube NN 51242 95 6 was be VBD 51242 95 7 connected connect VBN 51242 95 8 to to IN 51242 95 9 the the DT 51242 95 10 train train NN 51242 95 11 through through IN 51242 95 12 a a DT 51242 95 13 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 51242 95 14 slit slit NN 51242 95 15 at at IN 51242 95 16 the the DT 51242 95 17 top top NN 51242 95 18 of of IN 51242 95 19 the the DT 51242 95 20 tube tube NN 51242 95 21 . . . 51242 96 1 The the DT 51242 96 2 slit slit NN 51242 96 3 was be VBD 51242 96 4 closed close VBN 51242 96 5 by by IN 51242 96 6 a a DT 51242 96 7 leather leather NN 51242 96 8 flap flap NN 51242 96 9 , , , 51242 96 10 except except IN 51242 96 11 when when WRB 51242 96 12 momentarily momentarily RB 51242 96 13 lifted lift VBN 51242 96 14 by by IN 51242 96 15 the the DT 51242 96 16 passage passage NN 51242 96 17 of of IN 51242 96 18 the the DT 51242 96 19 train train NN 51242 96 20 . . . 51242 97 1 A a DT 51242 97 2 great great JJ 51242 97 3 deal deal NN 51242 97 4 of of IN 51242 97 5 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 97 6 was be VBD 51242 97 7 exhausted exhaust VBN 51242 97 8 in in IN 51242 97 9 attempting attempt VBG 51242 97 10 to to TO 51242 97 11 make make VB 51242 97 12 this this DT 51242 97 13 ' ' `` 51242 97 14 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 51242 97 15 valve valve NN 51242 97 16 ' ' '' 51242 97 17 efficient efficient JJ 51242 97 18 , , , 51242 97 19 but but CC 51242 97 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 97 21 was be VBD 51242 97 22 found find VBN 51242 97 23 that that IN 51242 97 24 heat heat NN 51242 97 25 , , , 51242 97 26 moisture moisture NN 51242 97 27 , , , 51242 97 28 and and CC 51242 97 29 frost frost NN 51242 97 30 made make VBD 51242 97 31 the the DT 51242 97 32 leather leather NN 51242 97 33 deteriorate deteriorate VB 51242 97 34 so so RB 51242 97 35 rapidly rapidly RB 51242 97 36 as as IN 51242 97 37 to to TO 51242 97 38 render render VB 51242 97 39 it -PRON- PRP 51242 97 40 hopelessly hopelessly RB 51242 97 41 ineffective ineffective JJ 51242 97 42 in in IN 51242 97 43 a a DT 51242 97 44 short short JJ 51242 97 45 time time NN 51242 97 46 . . . 51242 98 1 After after IN 51242 98 2 a a DT 51242 98 3 series series NN 51242 98 4 of of IN 51242 98 5 misfortunes misfortune NNS 51242 98 6 the the DT 51242 98 7 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 98 8 railway railway NN 51242 98 9 became become VBD 51242 98 10 a a DT 51242 98 11 mere mere JJ 51242 98 12 curiosity curiosity NN 51242 98 13 in in IN 51242 98 14 the the DT 51242 98 15 history history NN 51242 98 16 of of IN 51242 98 17 invention invention NN 51242 98 18 . . . 51242 99 1 Stephenson Stephenson NNP 51242 99 2 was be VBD 51242 99 3 right right JJ 51242 99 4 in in IN 51242 99 5 regarding regard VBG 51242 99 6 the the DT 51242 99 7 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 99 8 railway railway NN 51242 99 9 as as IN 51242 99 10 ' ' `` 51242 99 11 only only RB 51242 99 12 the the DT 51242 99 13 fixed fix VBN 51242 99 14 engine engine NN 51242 99 15 and and CC 51242 99 16 ropes rope NNS 51242 99 17 over over RB 51242 99 18 again again RB 51242 99 19 , , , 51242 99 20 in in IN 51242 99 21 another another DT 51242 99 22 form form NN 51242 99 23 . . . 51242 99 24 ' ' '' 51242 100 1 He -PRON- PRP 51242 100 2 was be VBD 51242 100 3 also also RB 51242 100 4 right right JJ 51242 100 5 in in IN 51242 100 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 100 7 belief belief NN 51242 100 8 that that IN 51242 100 9 the the DT 51242 100 10 steam steam NN 51242 100 11 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 100 12 was be VBD 51242 100 13 more more RBR 51242 100 14 economical economical JJ 51242 100 15 than than IN 51242 100 16 either either DT 51242 100 17 of of IN 51242 100 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 100 19 rivals rival NNS 51242 100 20 . . . 51242 101 1 But but CC 51242 101 2 the the DT 51242 101 3 stationary stationary JJ 51242 101 4 engine engine NN 51242 101 5 idea idea NN 51242 101 6 had have VBD 51242 101 7 the the DT 51242 101 8 germ germ NN 51242 101 9 of of IN 51242 101 10 an an DT 51242 101 11 even even RB 51242 101 12 sounder sound JJR 51242 101 13 principle principle NN 51242 101 14 than than IN 51242 101 15 that that DT 51242 101 16 of of IN 51242 101 17 the the DT 51242 101 18 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 101 19 . . . 51242 102 1 Both both DT 51242 102 2 in in IN 51242 102 3 electric electric JJ 51242 102 4 tramways tramway NNS 51242 102 5 and and CC 51242 102 6 electric electric JJ 51242 102 7 railways railway NNS 51242 102 8 the the DT 51242 102 9 power power NN 51242 102 10 is be VBZ 51242 102 11 obtained obtain VBN 51242 102 12 from from IN 51242 102 13 stationary stationary JJ 51242 102 14 engines engine NNS 51242 102 15 . . . 51242 103 1 The the DT 51242 103 2 main main JJ 51242 103 3 difference difference NN 51242 103 4 between between IN 51242 103 5 the the DT 51242 103 6 electric electric JJ 51242 103 7 system system NN 51242 103 8 and and CC 51242 103 9 the the DT 51242 103 10 old old JJ 51242 103 11 rope rope NN 51242 103 12 and and CC 51242 103 13 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 103 14 systems system NNS 51242 103 15 lies lie VBZ 51242 103 16 in in IN 51242 103 17 the the DT 51242 103 18 superior superior JJ 51242 103 19 economy economy NN 51242 103 20 with with IN 51242 103 21 which which WDT 51242 103 22 the the DT 51242 103 23 power power NN 51242 103 24 is be VBZ 51242 103 25 conveyed convey VBN 51242 103 26 electrically electrically RB 51242 103 27 to to IN 51242 103 28 the the DT 51242 103 29 trains train NNS 51242 103 30 . . . 51242 104 1 There there EX 51242 104 2 are be VBP 51242 104 3 other other JJ 51242 104 4 important important JJ 51242 104 5 differences difference NNS 51242 104 6 ; ; : 51242 104 7 but but CC 51242 104 8 the the DT 51242 104 9 essential essential JJ 51242 104 10 point point NN 51242 104 11 is be VBZ 51242 104 12 that that IN 51242 104 13 both both DT 51242 104 14 rope rope NNP 51242 104 15 traction traction NN 51242 104 16 and and CC 51242 104 17 pneumatic pneumatic JJ 51242 104 18 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 104 19 wasted waste VBD 51242 104 20 so so RB 51242 104 21 much much JJ 51242 104 22 power power NN 51242 104 23 between between IN 51242 104 24 the the DT 51242 104 25 engine engine NN 51242 104 26 and and CC 51242 104 27 the the DT 51242 104 28 train train NN 51242 104 29 that that IN 51242 104 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 104 31 other other JJ 51242 104 32 advantages advantage NNS 51242 104 33 were be VBD 51242 104 34 annulled annul VBN 51242 104 35 , , , 51242 104 36 and and CC 51242 104 37 it -PRON- PRP 51242 104 38 was be VBD 51242 104 39 found find VBN 51242 104 40 cheaper cheap JJR 51242 104 41 to to TO 51242 104 42 put put VB 51242 104 43 the the DT 51242 104 44 engine engine NN 51242 104 45 on on IN 51242 104 46 wheels wheel NNS 51242 104 47 and and CC 51242 104 48 make make VB 51242 104 49 it -PRON- PRP 51242 104 50 drag drag VB 51242 104 51 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 104 52 as as RB 51242 104 53 well well RB 51242 104 54 as as IN 51242 104 55 the the DT 51242 104 56 train train NN 51242 104 57 . . . 51242 105 1 Brunel Brunel NNP 51242 105 2 's 's POS 51242 105 3 reasons reason NNS 51242 105 4 for for IN 51242 105 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 105 6 faith faith NN 51242 105 7 in in IN 51242 105 8 the the DT 51242 105 9 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 105 10 railway railway NN 51242 105 11 are be VBP 51242 105 12 well well RB 51242 105 13 worth worth JJ 51242 105 14 quoting quote VBG 51242 105 15 for for IN 51242 105 16 the the DT 51242 105 17 light light NN 51242 105 18 they -PRON- PRP 51242 105 19 throw throw VBP 51242 105 20 indirectly indirectly RB 51242 105 21 upon upon IN 51242 105 22 the the DT 51242 105 23 advantages advantage NNS 51242 105 24 of of IN 51242 105 25 electric electric JJ 51242 105 26 traction traction NN 51242 105 27 . . . 51242 106 1 He -PRON- PRP 51242 106 2 argued argue VBD 51242 106 3 that that IN 51242 106 4 stationary stationary JJ 51242 106 5 power power NN 51242 106 6 , , , 51242 106 7 if if IN 51242 106 8 freed free VBN 51242 106 9 from from IN 51242 106 10 incumbrances incumbrance NNS 51242 106 11 such such JJ 51242 106 12 as as IN 51242 106 13 the the DT 51242 106 14 friction friction NN 51242 106 15 and and CC 51242 106 16 dead dead JJ 51242 106 17 weight weight NN 51242 106 18 of of IN 51242 106 19 a a DT 51242 106 20 rope rope NN 51242 106 21 , , , 51242 106 22 was be VBD 51242 106 23 superior superior JJ 51242 106 24 to to IN 51242 106 25 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 106 26 power power NN 51242 106 27 , , , 51242 106 28 on on IN 51242 106 29 the the DT 51242 106 30 following following JJ 51242 106 31 grounds ground NNS 51242 106 32 : : : 51242 106 33 ( ( -LRB- 51242 106 34 _ _ NNP 51242 106 35 a a DT 51242 106 36 _ _ NNP 51242 106 37 ) ) -RRB- 51242 106 38 A a DT 51242 106 39 given give VBN 51242 106 40 amount amount NN 51242 106 41 of of IN 51242 106 42 power power NN 51242 106 43 may may MD 51242 106 44 be be VB 51242 106 45 supplied supply VBN 51242 106 46 by by IN 51242 106 47 a a DT 51242 106 48 stationary stationary JJ 51242 106 49 engine engine NN 51242 106 50 at at IN 51242 106 51 a a DT 51242 106 52 less less JJR 51242 106 53 cost cost NN 51242 106 54 than than IN 51242 106 55 if if IN 51242 106 56 supplied supply VBN 51242 106 57 by by IN 51242 106 58 a a DT 51242 106 59 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 106 60 . . . 51242 107 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 107 2 _ _ NNP 51242 107 3 b b NNP 51242 107 4 _ _ NNP 51242 107 5 ) ) -RRB- 51242 107 6 The the DT 51242 107 7 dead dead JJ 51242 107 8 weight weight NN 51242 107 9 of of IN 51242 107 10 a a DT 51242 107 11 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 107 12 forms form NNS 51242 107 13 a a DT 51242 107 14 large large JJ 51242 107 15 proportion proportion NN 51242 107 16 of of IN 51242 107 17 the the DT 51242 107 18 whole whole JJ 51242 107 19 travelling travel VBG 51242 107 20 load load NN 51242 107 21 , , , 51242 107 22 and and CC 51242 107 23 thus thus RB 51242 107 24 inherently inherently RB 51242 107 25 involves involve VBZ 51242 107 26 a a DT 51242 107 27 proportionate proportionate JJ 51242 107 28 waste waste NN 51242 107 29 of of IN 51242 107 30 power power NN 51242 107 31 -- -- : 51242 107 32 a a DT 51242 107 33 waste waste NN 51242 107 34 which which WDT 51242 107 35 is be VBZ 51242 107 36 enhanced enhance VBN 51242 107 37 by by IN 51242 107 38 the the DT 51242 107 39 steepness steepness NN 51242 107 40 of of IN 51242 107 41 the the DT 51242 107 42 gradients gradient NNS 51242 107 43 and and CC 51242 107 44 the the DT 51242 107 45 speed speed NN 51242 107 46 of of IN 51242 107 47 the the DT 51242 107 48 trains train NNS 51242 107 49 . . . 51242 108 1 Experience experience NN 51242 108 2 has have VBZ 51242 108 3 proved prove VBN 51242 108 4 the the DT 51242 108 5 soundness soundness NN 51242 108 6 of of IN 51242 108 7 these these DT 51242 108 8 principles principle NNS 51242 108 9 . . . 51242 109 1 There there EX 51242 109 2 has have VBZ 51242 109 3 been be VBN 51242 109 4 a a DT 51242 109 5 steady steady JJ 51242 109 6 improvement improvement NN 51242 109 7 in in IN 51242 109 8 the the DT 51242 109 9 power power NN 51242 109 10 and and CC 51242 109 11 efficiency efficiency NN 51242 109 12 of of IN 51242 109 13 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 109 14 , , , 51242 109 15 but but CC 51242 109 16 progress progress NN 51242 109 17 has have VBZ 51242 109 18 reached reach VBN 51242 109 19 a a DT 51242 109 20 point point NN 51242 109 21 at at IN 51242 109 22 which which WDT 51242 109 23 further further JJ 51242 109 24 increases increase NNS 51242 109 25 in in IN 51242 109 26 speed speed NN 51242 109 27 and and CC 51242 109 28 accelerating accelerate VBG 51242 109 29 power power NN 51242 109 30 ( ( -LRB- 51242 109 31 a a DT 51242 109 32 very very RB 51242 109 33 important important JJ 51242 109 34 matter matter NN 51242 109 35 ) ) -RRB- 51242 109 36 are be VBP 51242 109 37 not not RB 51242 109 38 attainable attainable JJ 51242 109 39 without without IN 51242 109 40 a a DT 51242 109 41 prohibitive prohibitive JJ 51242 109 42 increase increase NN 51242 109 43 in in IN 51242 109 44 the the DT 51242 109 45 consumption consumption NN 51242 109 46 of of IN 51242 109 47 coal coal NN 51242 109 48 and and CC 51242 109 49 a a DT 51242 109 50 costly costly JJ 51242 109 51 strengthening strengthening NN 51242 109 52 of of IN 51242 109 53 the the DT 51242 109 54 railway railway NN 51242 109 55 track track NN 51242 109 56 to to TO 51242 109 57 stand stand VB 51242 109 58 the the DT 51242 109 59 strain strain NN 51242 109 60 of of IN 51242 109 61 heavier heavy JJR 51242 109 62 engines engine NNS 51242 109 63 pounding pound VBG 51242 109 64 along along IN 51242 109 65 at at IN 51242 109 66 very very RB 51242 109 67 high high JJ 51242 109 68 speeds speed NNS 51242 109 69 . . . 51242 110 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 110 2 traction traction NN 51242 110 3 , , , 51242 110 4 which which WDT 51242 110 5 is be VBZ 51242 110 6 a a DT 51242 110 7 reversion reversion NN 51242 110 8 in in IN 51242 110 9 part part NN 51242 110 10 to to IN 51242 110 11 the the DT 51242 110 12 stationary stationary JJ 51242 110 13 engine engine NN 51242 110 14 system system NN 51242 110 15 , , , 51242 110 16 offers offer VBZ 51242 110 17 a a DT 51242 110 18 means means NN 51242 110 19 of of IN 51242 110 20 escape escape NN 51242 110 21 from from IN 51242 110 22 the the DT 51242 110 23 limitations limitation NNS 51242 110 24 of of IN 51242 110 25 the the DT 51242 110 26 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 110 27 . . . 51242 111 1 There there EX 51242 111 2 is be VBZ 51242 111 3 still still RB 51242 111 4 some some DT 51242 111 5 doubt doubt NN 51242 111 6 in in IN 51242 111 7 the the DT 51242 111 8 minds mind NNS 51242 111 9 of of IN 51242 111 10 railway railway NN 51242 111 11 engineers engineer NNS 51242 111 12 whether whether IN 51242 111 13 electric electric JJ 51242 111 14 traction traction NN 51242 111 15 is be VBZ 51242 111 16 really really RB 51242 111 17 superior superior JJ 51242 111 18 to to IN 51242 111 19 the the DT 51242 111 20 steam steam NN 51242 111 21 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 111 22 on on IN 51242 111 23 the the DT 51242 111 24 main main JJ 51242 111 25 railway railway NN 51242 111 26 lines line NNS 51242 111 27 , , , 51242 111 28 where where WRB 51242 111 29 distances distance NNS 51242 111 30 are be VBP 51242 111 31 great great JJ 51242 111 32 and and CC 51242 111 33 train train VB 51242 111 34 loads load NNS 51242 111 35 heavy heavy JJ 51242 111 36 . . . 51242 112 1 But but CC 51242 112 2 the the DT 51242 112 3 superiority superiority NN 51242 112 4 is be VBZ 51242 112 5 admitted admit VBN 51242 112 6 on on IN 51242 112 7 suburban suburban JJ 51242 112 8 lines line NNS 51242 112 9 and and CC 51242 112 10 also also RB 51242 112 11 on on IN 51242 112 12 tramways tramway NNS 51242 112 13 , , , 51242 112 14 where where WRB 51242 112 15 electricity electricity NN 51242 112 16 has have VBZ 51242 112 17 almost almost RB 51242 112 18 completely completely RB 51242 112 19 supplanted supplant VBN 51242 112 20 both both CC 51242 112 21 horse horse NN 51242 112 22 and and CC 51242 112 23 steam steam NN 51242 112 24 traction traction NN 51242 112 25 . . . 51242 113 1 If if IN 51242 113 2 Brunel Brunel NNP 51242 113 3 had have VBD 51242 113 4 foreseen foresee VBN 51242 113 5 how how WRB 51242 113 6 economical economical JJ 51242 113 7 electricity electricity NN 51242 113 8 would would MD 51242 113 9 be be VB 51242 113 10 in in IN 51242 113 11 the the DT 51242 113 12 transmission transmission NN 51242 113 13 of of IN 51242 113 14 power power NN 51242 113 15 between between IN 51242 113 16 engine engine NN 51242 113 17 and and CC 51242 113 18 train train NN 51242 113 19 , , , 51242 113 20 he -PRON- PRP 51242 113 21 would would MD 51242 113 22 have have VB 51242 113 23 felt feel VBN 51242 113 24 still still RB 51242 113 25 more more RBR 51242 113 26 confident confident JJ 51242 113 27 in in IN 51242 113 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 113 29 defence defence NN 51242 113 30 of of IN 51242 113 31 the the DT 51242 113 32 stationary stationary JJ 51242 113 33 engine engine NN 51242 113 34 . . . 51242 114 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 51242 114 2 III III NNP 51242 114 3 THE the DT 51242 114 4 BIRTH BIRTH NNP 51242 114 5 OF of IN 51242 114 6 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 114 7 TRACTION traction NN 51242 114 8 The the DT 51242 114 9 story story NN 51242 114 10 of of IN 51242 114 11 electric electric JJ 51242 114 12 traction traction NN 51242 114 13 really really RB 51242 114 14 begins begin VBZ 51242 114 15 in in IN 51242 114 16 the the DT 51242 114 17 laboratory laboratory NN 51242 114 18 of of IN 51242 114 19 Faraday Faraday NNP 51242 114 20 . . . 51242 115 1 He -PRON- PRP 51242 115 2 was be VBD 51242 115 3 the the DT 51242 115 4 first first JJ 51242 115 5 to to TO 51242 115 6 produce produce VB 51242 115 7 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 115 8 rotation rotation NN 51242 115 9 by by IN 51242 115 10 electrical electrical JJ 51242 115 11 means mean NNS 51242 115 12 ; ; : 51242 115 13 and and CC 51242 115 14 , , , 51242 115 15 although although IN 51242 115 16 he -PRON- PRP 51242 115 17 had have VBD 51242 115 18 no no DT 51242 115 19 practical practical JJ 51242 115 20 end end NN 51242 115 21 in in IN 51242 115 22 view view NN 51242 115 23 , , , 51242 115 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 115 25 investigations investigation NNS 51242 115 26 produced produce VBD 51242 115 27 the the DT 51242 115 28 germ germ NN 51242 115 29 of of IN 51242 115 30 the the DT 51242 115 31 commercial commercial JJ 51242 115 32 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 115 33 and and CC 51242 115 34 thence thence NN 51242 115 35 of of IN 51242 115 36 the the DT 51242 115 37 commercial commercial NNP 51242 115 38 electric electric JJ 51242 115 39 motor motor NN 51242 115 40 . . . 51242 116 1 That that DT 51242 116 2 germ germ NN 51242 116 3 , , , 51242 116 4 however however RB 51242 116 5 , , , 51242 116 6 took take VBD 51242 116 7 about about RP 51242 116 8 half half PDT 51242 116 9 a a DT 51242 116 10 century century NN 51242 116 11 to to TO 51242 116 12 develop develop VB 51242 116 13 . . . 51242 117 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 117 2 is be VBZ 51242 117 3 true true JJ 51242 117 4 that that IN 51242 117 5 in in IN 51242 117 6 1837 1837 CD 51242 117 7 ( ( -LRB- 51242 117 8 about about RB 51242 117 9 ten ten CD 51242 117 10 years year NNS 51242 117 11 after after IN 51242 117 12 Faraday Faraday NNP 51242 117 13 's 's POS 51242 117 14 discovery discovery NN 51242 117 15 ) ) -RRB- 51242 117 16 Robert Robert NNP 51242 117 17 Davidson Davidson NNP 51242 117 18 experimented experiment VBD 51242 117 19 with with IN 51242 117 20 an an DT 51242 117 21 electric electric JJ 51242 117 22 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 117 23 on on IN 51242 117 24 the the DT 51242 117 25 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP 51242 117 26 and and CC 51242 117 27 Glasgow Glasgow NNP 51242 117 28 Railway Railway NNP 51242 117 29 ; ; : 51242 117 30 it -PRON- PRP 51242 117 31 is be VBZ 51242 117 32 also also RB 51242 117 33 true true JJ 51242 117 34 that that IN 51242 117 35 Jacobi Jacobi NNP 51242 117 36 , , , 51242 117 37 two two CD 51242 117 38 years year NNS 51242 117 39 later later RB 51242 117 40 , , , 51242 117 41 propelled propel VBD 51242 117 42 a a DT 51242 117 43 boat boat NN 51242 117 44 on on IN 51242 117 45 the the DT 51242 117 46 Neva Neva NNP 51242 117 47 with with IN 51242 117 48 electric electric JJ 51242 117 49 power power NN 51242 117 50 . . . 51242 118 1 But but CC 51242 118 2 these these DT 51242 118 3 early early JJ 51242 118 4 attempts attempt NNS 51242 118 5 were be VBD 51242 118 6 not not RB 51242 118 7 on on IN 51242 118 8 a a DT 51242 118 9 commercial commercial JJ 51242 118 10 scale scale NN 51242 118 11 . . . 51242 119 1 Not not RB 51242 119 2 only only RB 51242 119 3 was be VBD 51242 119 4 the the DT 51242 119 5 motor motor NN 51242 119 6 a a DT 51242 119 7 crude crude JJ 51242 119 8 contrivance contrivance NN 51242 119 9 , , , 51242 119 10 but but CC 51242 119 11 the the DT 51242 119 12 method method NN 51242 119 13 of of IN 51242 119 14 producing produce VBG 51242 119 15 the the DT 51242 119 16 electric electric JJ 51242 119 17 power power NN 51242 119 18 was be VBD 51242 119 19 hopelessly hopelessly RB 51242 119 20 extravagant extravagant JJ 51242 119 21 . . . 51242 120 1 At at IN 51242 120 2 that that DT 51242 120 3 period period NN 51242 120 4 the the DT 51242 120 5 ' ' `` 51242 120 6 primary primary JJ 51242 120 7 battery'--similar battery'--similar NNS 51242 120 8 in in IN 51242 120 9 character character NN 51242 120 10 to to IN 51242 120 11 those those DT 51242 120 12 still still RB 51242 120 13 used use VBN 51242 120 14 for for IN 51242 120 15 laboratory laboratory NN 51242 120 16 purposes purpose NNS 51242 120 17 , , , 51242 120 18 ringing ring VBG 51242 120 19 electric electric JJ 51242 120 20 bells bell NNS 51242 120 21 , , , 51242 120 22 and and CC 51242 120 23 so so RB 51242 120 24 on on RB 51242 120 25 -- -- : 51242 120 26 was be VBD 51242 120 27 the the DT 51242 120 28 best well RBS 51242 120 29 available available JJ 51242 120 30 source source NN 51242 120 31 of of IN 51242 120 32 electricity electricity NN 51242 120 33 . . . 51242 121 1 Such such JJ 51242 121 2 batteries battery NNS 51242 121 3 generate generate VBP 51242 121 4 current current JJ 51242 121 5 by by IN 51242 121 6 the the DT 51242 121 7 chemical chemical NN 51242 121 8 consumption consumption NN 51242 121 9 of of IN 51242 121 10 zinc zinc NN 51242 121 11 . . . 51242 122 1 In in IN 51242 122 2 order order NN 51242 122 3 to to TO 51242 122 4 obtain obtain VB 51242 122 5 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 122 6 power power NN 51242 122 7 to to TO 51242 122 8 move move VB 51242 122 9 a a DT 51242 122 10 boat boat NN 51242 122 11 , , , 51242 122 12 a a DT 51242 122 13 large large JJ 51242 122 14 number number NN 51242 122 15 of of IN 51242 122 16 batteries battery NNS 51242 122 17 had have VBD 51242 122 18 to to TO 51242 122 19 be be VB 51242 122 20 coupled couple VBN 51242 122 21 together together RB 51242 122 22 . . . 51242 123 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 123 2 were be VBD 51242 123 3 expensive expensive JJ 51242 123 4 in in IN 51242 123 5 first first JJ 51242 123 6 cost cost NN 51242 123 7 , , , 51242 123 8 expensive expensive JJ 51242 123 9 in in IN 51242 123 10 the the DT 51242 123 11 zinc zinc NN 51242 123 12 which which WDT 51242 123 13 was be VBD 51242 123 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 123 15 ' ' `` 51242 123 16 fuel fuel NN 51242 123 17 ' ' '' 51242 123 18 ; ; : 51242 123 19 and and CC 51242 123 20 they -PRON- PRP 51242 123 21 became become VBD 51242 123 22 rapidly rapidly RB 51242 123 23 exhausted exhausted JJ 51242 123 24 . . . 51242 124 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 124 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 124 3 : : : 51242 124 4 = = SYM 51242 124 5 DYNAMO= dynamo= XX 51242 124 6 = = NFP 51242 124 7 MOTOR= MOTOR= NNP 51242 124 8 Fig Fig NNP 51242 124 9 . . . 51242 125 1 1 1 LS 51242 125 2 . . . 51242 126 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 51242 126 2 to to TO 51242 126 3 illustrate illustrate VB 51242 126 4 the the DT 51242 126 5 essential essential JJ 51242 126 6 identity identity NN 51242 126 7 of of IN 51242 126 8 the the DT 51242 126 9 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 126 10 and and CC 51242 126 11 the the DT 51242 126 12 motor motor NN 51242 126 13 . . . 51242 127 1 The the DT 51242 127 2 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 127 3 generates generate VBZ 51242 127 4 electricity electricity NN 51242 127 5 when when WRB 51242 127 6 the the DT 51242 127 7 armature armature NN 51242 127 8 or or CC 51242 127 9 group group NN 51242 127 10 of of IN 51242 127 11 coils coils NNP 51242 127 12 is be VBZ 51242 127 13 forcibly forcibly RB 51242 127 14 revolved revolve VBN 51242 127 15 close close RB 51242 127 16 to to IN 51242 127 17 magnets magnet NNS 51242 127 18 , , , 51242 127 19 thus thus RB 51242 127 20 converting convert VBG 51242 127 21 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 127 22 energy energy NN 51242 127 23 into into IN 51242 127 24 electrical electrical JJ 51242 127 25 energy energy NN 51242 127 26 . . . 51242 128 1 The the DT 51242 128 2 motor motor NN 51242 128 3 causes cause VBZ 51242 128 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 128 5 armature armature NN 51242 128 6 to to TO 51242 128 7 revolve revolve VB 51242 128 8 forcibly forcibly RB 51242 128 9 when when WRB 51242 128 10 current current JJ 51242 128 11 is be VBZ 51242 128 12 supplied supply VBN 51242 128 13 to to IN 51242 128 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 128 15 from from IN 51242 128 16 the the DT 51242 128 17 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 128 18 . . . 51242 129 1 Thus thus RB 51242 129 2 the the DT 51242 129 3 motor motor NN 51242 129 4 converts convert VBZ 51242 129 5 electrical electrical JJ 51242 129 6 energy energy NN 51242 129 7 into into IN 51242 129 8 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 129 9 energy energy NN 51242 129 10 . . . 51242 129 11 ] ] -RRB- 51242 130 1 The the DT 51242 130 2 essential essential JJ 51242 130 3 step step NN 51242 130 4 towards towards IN 51242 130 5 the the DT 51242 130 6 commercial commercial JJ 51242 130 7 plane plane NN 51242 130 8 was be VBD 51242 130 9 taken take VBN 51242 130 10 when when WRB 51242 130 11 an an DT 51242 130 12 efficient efficient JJ 51242 130 13 means means NN 51242 130 14 was be VBD 51242 130 15 devised devise VBN 51242 130 16 for for IN 51242 130 17 transforming transform VBG 51242 130 18 mechanical mechanical RB 51242 130 19 into into IN 51242 130 20 electrical electrical JJ 51242 130 21 energy energy NN 51242 130 22 on on IN 51242 130 23 a a DT 51242 130 24 large large JJ 51242 130 25 scale scale NN 51242 130 26 . . . 51242 131 1 The the DT 51242 131 2 first first JJ 51242 131 3 ' ' `` 51242 131 4 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 131 5 - - HYPH 51242 131 6 electric electric JJ 51242 131 7 ' ' '' 51242 131 8 machines machine NNS 51242 131 9 , , , 51242 131 10 invented invent VBN 51242 131 11 about about IN 51242 131 12 the the DT 51242 131 13 middle middle NN 51242 131 14 of of IN 51242 131 15 last last JJ 51242 131 16 century century NN 51242 131 17 , , , 51242 131 18 were be VBD 51242 131 19 merely merely RB 51242 131 20 hand hand NN 51242 131 21 machines machine NNS 51242 131 22 . . . 51242 132 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 132 2 power power NN 51242 132 3 was be VBD 51242 132 4 limited limit VBN 51242 132 5 by by IN 51242 132 6 the the DT 51242 132 7 strength strength NN 51242 132 8 of of IN 51242 132 9 the the DT 51242 132 10 permanent permanent JJ 51242 132 11 magnets magnet NNS 51242 132 12 employed employ VBN 51242 132 13 in in IN 51242 132 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 132 15 construction construction NN 51242 132 16 ; ; : 51242 132 17 and and CC 51242 132 18 although although IN 51242 132 19 an an DT 51242 132 20 increase increase NN 51242 132 21 in in IN 51242 132 22 power power NN 51242 132 23 was be VBD 51242 132 24 obtained obtain VBN 51242 132 25 by by IN 51242 132 26 multiplying multiply VBG 51242 132 27 the the DT 51242 132 28 number number NN 51242 132 29 of of IN 51242 132 30 magnets magnet NNS 51242 132 31 and and CC 51242 132 32 driving drive VBG 51242 132 33 by by IN 51242 132 34 steam steam NN 51242 132 35 power power NN 51242 132 36 , , , 51242 132 37 it -PRON- PRP 51242 132 38 was be VBD 51242 132 39 not not RB 51242 132 40 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 132 41 for for IN 51242 132 42 commercial commercial JJ 51242 132 43 purposes purpose NNS 51242 132 44 . . . 51242 133 1 In in IN 51242 133 2 1867 1867 CD 51242 133 3 electro electro NNP 51242 133 4 - - HYPH 51242 133 5 magnets magnet NNS 51242 133 6 were be VBD 51242 133 7 first first RB 51242 133 8 employed employ VBN 51242 133 9 by by IN 51242 133 10 Siemens Siemens NNP 51242 133 11 and and CC 51242 133 12 Wheatstone Wheatstone NNP 51242 133 13 ; ; : 51242 133 14 and and CC 51242 133 15 from from IN 51242 133 16 this this DT 51242 133 17 application application NN 51242 133 18 there there EX 51242 133 19 was be VBD 51242 133 20 developed develop VBN 51242 133 21 a a DT 51242 133 22 machine machine NN 51242 133 23 whose whose WP$ 51242 133 24 power power NN 51242 133 25 as as IN 51242 133 26 a a DT 51242 133 27 generator generator NN 51242 133 28 of of IN 51242 133 29 electricity electricity NN 51242 133 30 was be VBD 51242 133 31 limited limit VBN 51242 133 32 only only RB 51242 133 33 by by IN 51242 133 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 133 35 size size NN 51242 133 36 and and CC 51242 133 37 the the DT 51242 133 38 speed speed NN 51242 133 39 at at IN 51242 133 40 which which WDT 51242 133 41 it -PRON- PRP 51242 133 42 was be VBD 51242 133 43 run run VBN 51242 133 44 . . . 51242 134 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 134 2 is be VBZ 51242 134 3 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 51242 134 4 for for IN 51242 134 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 51242 134 6 present present JJ 51242 134 7 purpose purpose NN 51242 134 8 to to TO 51242 134 9 enter enter VB 51242 134 10 into into IN 51242 134 11 the the DT 51242 134 12 technical technical JJ 51242 134 13 details detail NNS 51242 134 14 of of IN 51242 134 15 the the DT 51242 134 16 modern modern JJ 51242 134 17 electric electric JJ 51242 134 18 generator generator NN 51242 134 19 and and CC 51242 134 20 the the DT 51242 134 21 modern modern JJ 51242 134 22 electric electric JJ 51242 134 23 motor motor NN 51242 134 24 . . . 51242 135 1 The the DT 51242 135 2 principles principle NNS 51242 135 3 underlying underlie VBG 51242 135 4 them -PRON- PRP 51242 135 5 are be VBP 51242 135 6 quite quite RB 51242 135 7 simple simple JJ 51242 135 8 , , , 51242 135 9 although although IN 51242 135 10 the the DT 51242 135 11 theory theory NN 51242 135 12 of of IN 51242 135 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 135 14 design design NN 51242 135 15 and and CC 51242 135 16 the the DT 51242 135 17 practice practice NN 51242 135 18 of of IN 51242 135 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 135 20 construction construction NN 51242 135 21 and and CC 51242 135 22 operation operation NN 51242 135 23 are be VBP 51242 135 24 almost almost RB 51242 135 25 a a DT 51242 135 26 science science NN 51242 135 27 in in IN 51242 135 28 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 135 29 . . . 51242 136 1 A a DT 51242 136 2 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 136 3 or or CC 51242 136 4 electric electric JJ 51242 136 5 generator generator NN 51242 136 6 is be VBZ 51242 136 7 a a DT 51242 136 8 machine machine NN 51242 136 9 for for IN 51242 136 10 transforming transform VBG 51242 136 11 mechanical mechanical RB 51242 136 12 into into IN 51242 136 13 electrical electrical JJ 51242 136 14 energy energy NN 51242 136 15 ; ; : 51242 136 16 an an DT 51242 136 17 electric electric JJ 51242 136 18 motor motor NN 51242 136 19 is be VBZ 51242 136 20 a a DT 51242 136 21 machine machine NN 51242 136 22 for for IN 51242 136 23 transforming transform VBG 51242 136 24 electrical electrical JJ 51242 136 25 energy energy NN 51242 136 26 into into IN 51242 136 27 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 136 28 energy energy NN 51242 136 29 . . . 51242 137 1 If if IN 51242 137 2 , , , 51242 137 3 therefore therefore RB 51242 137 4 , , , 51242 137 5 we -PRON- PRP 51242 137 6 place place VBP 51242 137 7 an an DT 51242 137 8 electric electric JJ 51242 137 9 motor motor NN 51242 137 10 upon upon IN 51242 137 11 a a DT 51242 137 12 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 137 13 and and CC 51242 137 14 supply supply VB 51242 137 15 it -PRON- PRP 51242 137 16 continuously continuously RB 51242 137 17 with with IN 51242 137 18 current current NN 51242 137 19 from from IN 51242 137 20 a a DT 51242 137 21 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 137 22 , , , 51242 137 23 the the DT 51242 137 24 motor motor NN 51242 137 25 will will MD 51242 137 26 rotate rotate VB 51242 137 27 and and CC 51242 137 28 can can MD 51242 137 29 be be VB 51242 137 30 used use VBN 51242 137 31 to to TO 51242 137 32 propel propel VB 51242 137 33 the the DT 51242 137 34 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 137 35 . . . 51242 138 1 That that DT 51242 138 2 is be VBZ 51242 138 3 the the DT 51242 138 4 essential essential JJ 51242 138 5 mechanism mechanism NN 51242 138 6 of of IN 51242 138 7 electric electric JJ 51242 138 8 traction traction NN 51242 138 9 . . . 51242 139 1 The the DT 51242 139 2 simplicity simplicity NN 51242 139 3 of of IN 51242 139 4 the the DT 51242 139 5 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 139 6 is be VBZ 51242 139 7 enhanced enhance VBN 51242 139 8 by by IN 51242 139 9 the the DT 51242 139 10 fact fact NN 51242 139 11 that that IN 51242 139 12 the the DT 51242 139 13 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 139 14 and and CC 51242 139 15 the the DT 51242 139 16 motor motor NN 51242 139 17 are be VBP 51242 139 18 virtually virtually RB 51242 139 19 the the DT 51242 139 20 same same JJ 51242 139 21 machine machine NN 51242 139 22 . . . 51242 140 1 In in IN 51242 140 2 the the DT 51242 140 3 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 140 4 , , , 51242 140 5 a a DT 51242 140 6 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 51242 140 7 ' ' `` 51242 140 8 armature armature NN 51242 140 9 ' ' '' 51242 140 10 of of IN 51242 140 11 coils coil NNS 51242 140 12 is be VBZ 51242 140 13 forced force VBN 51242 140 14 to to TO 51242 140 15 rotate rotate VB 51242 140 16 close close RB 51242 140 17 to to IN 51242 140 18 the the DT 51242 140 19 poles pole NNS 51242 140 20 of of IN 51242 140 21 electro electro NNP 51242 140 22 - - HYPH 51242 140 23 magnets magnet NNS 51242 140 24 ; ; : 51242 140 25 the the DT 51242 140 26 energy energy NN 51242 140 27 exerted exert VBD 51242 140 28 in in IN 51242 140 29 turning turn VBG 51242 140 30 the the DT 51242 140 31 armature armature NN 51242 140 32 against against IN 51242 140 33 the the DT 51242 140 34 influence influence NN 51242 140 35 of of IN 51242 140 36 the the DT 51242 140 37 electro electro NNP 51242 140 38 - - HYPH 51242 140 39 magnets magnet NNS 51242 140 40 is be VBZ 51242 140 41 transformed transform VBN 51242 140 42 into into IN 51242 140 43 the the DT 51242 140 44 energy energy NN 51242 140 45 of of IN 51242 140 46 electric electric JJ 51242 140 47 currents current NNS 51242 140 48 in in IN 51242 140 49 the the DT 51242 140 50 coils coil NNS 51242 140 51 of of IN 51242 140 52 the the DT 51242 140 53 armature armature NN 51242 140 54 . . . 51242 141 1 In in IN 51242 141 2 the the DT 51242 141 3 motor motor NN 51242 141 4 , , , 51242 141 5 which which WDT 51242 141 6 also also RB 51242 141 7 consists consist VBZ 51242 141 8 of of IN 51242 141 9 an an DT 51242 141 10 armature armature NN 51242 141 11 close close JJ 51242 141 12 to to IN 51242 141 13 the the DT 51242 141 14 poles pole NNS 51242 141 15 of of IN 51242 141 16 electro electro NNP 51242 141 17 - - HYPH 51242 141 18 magnets magnet NNS 51242 141 19 , , , 51242 141 20 the the DT 51242 141 21 process process NN 51242 141 22 is be VBZ 51242 141 23 reversed reverse VBN 51242 141 24 . . . 51242 142 1 When when WRB 51242 142 2 a a DT 51242 142 3 current current NN 51242 142 4 is be VBZ 51242 142 5 passed pass VBN 51242 142 6 through through IN 51242 142 7 the the DT 51242 142 8 coils coil NNS 51242 142 9 of of IN 51242 142 10 the the DT 51242 142 11 armature armature NN 51242 142 12 , , , 51242 142 13 the the DT 51242 142 14 reaction reaction NN 51242 142 15 between between IN 51242 142 16 these these DT 51242 142 17 currents current NNS 51242 142 18 and and CC 51242 142 19 the the DT 51242 142 20 electro electro NNP 51242 142 21 - - HYPH 51242 142 22 magnets magnet NNS 51242 142 23 causes cause VBZ 51242 142 24 the the DT 51242 142 25 armature armature NN 51242 142 26 to to TO 51242 142 27 revolve revolve VB 51242 142 28 . . . 51242 143 1 This this DT 51242 143 2 reversibility reversibility NN 51242 143 3 of of IN 51242 143 4 the the DT 51242 143 5 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 143 6 was be VBD 51242 143 7 , , , 51242 143 8 according accord VBG 51242 143 9 to to IN 51242 143 10 a a DT 51242 143 11 story story NN 51242 143 12 frequently frequently RB 51242 143 13 repeated repeat VBD 51242 143 14 , , , 51242 143 15 first first RB 51242 143 16 discovered discover VBN 51242 143 17 quite quite RB 51242 143 18 by by IN 51242 143 19 accident accident NN 51242 143 20 . . . 51242 144 1 In in IN 51242 144 2 a a DT 51242 144 3 Paris Paris NNP 51242 144 4 exhibition exhibition NN 51242 144 5 a a DT 51242 144 6 number number NN 51242 144 7 of of IN 51242 144 8 Gramme Gramme NNP 51242 144 9 dynamos dynamo NNS 51242 144 10 -- -- : 51242 144 11 or or CC 51242 144 12 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 144 13 - - HYPH 51242 144 14 electric electric JJ 51242 144 15 machines machine NNS 51242 144 16 , , , 51242 144 17 as as IN 51242 144 18 they -PRON- PRP 51242 144 19 were be VBD 51242 144 20 then then RB 51242 144 21 called call VBN 51242 144 22 -- -- : 51242 144 23 were be VBD 51242 144 24 being be VBG 51242 144 25 separately separately RB 51242 144 26 connected connect VBN 51242 144 27 to to IN 51242 144 28 lamps lamp NNS 51242 144 29 and and CC 51242 144 30 other other JJ 51242 144 31 devices device NNS 51242 144 32 for for IN 51242 144 33 showing show VBG 51242 144 34 the the DT 51242 144 35 effect effect NN 51242 144 36 of of IN 51242 144 37 electric electric JJ 51242 144 38 currents current NNS 51242 144 39 ; ; : 51242 144 40 and and CC 51242 144 41 when when WRB 51242 144 42 one one PRP 51242 144 43 was be VBD 51242 144 44 started start VBN 51242 144 45 up up RP 51242 144 46 it -PRON- PRP 51242 144 47 was be VBD 51242 144 48 found find VBN 51242 144 49 that that IN 51242 144 50 another another DT 51242 144 51 was be VBD 51242 144 52 being be VBG 51242 144 53 _ _ NNP 51242 144 54 driven drive VBN 51242 144 55 _ _ NNP 51242 144 56 at at IN 51242 144 57 a a DT 51242 144 58 rapid rapid JJ 51242 144 59 rate rate NN 51242 144 60 . . . 51242 145 1 Investigation investigation NN 51242 145 2 showed show VBD 51242 145 3 that that IN 51242 145 4 the the DT 51242 145 5 second second JJ 51242 145 6 one one NN 51242 145 7 had have VBD 51242 145 8 been be VBN 51242 145 9 coupled couple VBN 51242 145 10 up up IN 51242 145 11 to to IN 51242 145 12 the the DT 51242 145 13 first first JJ 51242 145 14 by by IN 51242 145 15 mistake mistake NN 51242 145 16 and and CC 51242 145 17 was be VBD 51242 145 18 therefore therefore RB 51242 145 19 being be VBG 51242 145 20 worked work VBN 51242 145 21 as as IN 51242 145 22 a a DT 51242 145 23 motor motor NN 51242 145 24 by by IN 51242 145 25 it -PRON- PRP 51242 145 26 . . . 51242 146 1 This this DT 51242 146 2 was be VBD 51242 146 3 in in IN 51242 146 4 the the DT 51242 146 5 year year NN 51242 146 6 1879 1879 CD 51242 146 7 ; ; : 51242 146 8 and and CC 51242 146 9 the the DT 51242 146 10 story story NN 51242 146 11 of of IN 51242 146 12 the the DT 51242 146 13 incident incident NN 51242 146 14 served serve VBD 51242 146 15 to to TO 51242 146 16 draw draw VB 51242 146 17 general general JJ 51242 146 18 attention attention NN 51242 146 19 to to IN 51242 146 20 the the DT 51242 146 21 discovery discovery NN 51242 146 22 of of IN 51242 146 23 a a DT 51242 146 24 new new JJ 51242 146 25 and and CC 51242 146 26 efficient efficient JJ 51242 146 27 means mean NNS 51242 146 28 of of IN 51242 146 29 transmitting transmit VBG 51242 146 30 power power NN 51242 146 31 . . . 51242 147 1 Engineers engineer NNS 51242 147 2 recognised recognise VBD 51242 147 3 that that IN 51242 147 4 in in IN 51242 147 5 the the DT 51242 147 6 steam steam NN 51242 147 7 - - HYPH 51242 147 8 driven drive VBN 51242 147 9 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 147 10 they -PRON- PRP 51242 147 11 had have VBD 51242 147 12 the the DT 51242 147 13 means mean NNS 51242 147 14 of of IN 51242 147 15 producing produce VBG 51242 147 16 powerful powerful JJ 51242 147 17 electric electric JJ 51242 147 18 currents current NNS 51242 147 19 , , , 51242 147 20 while while IN 51242 147 21 in in IN 51242 147 22 the the DT 51242 147 23 electric electric JJ 51242 147 24 motor motor NN 51242 147 25 , , , 51242 147 26 connected connect VBN 51242 147 27 by by IN 51242 147 28 wires wire NNS 51242 147 29 to to IN 51242 147 30 the the DT 51242 147 31 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 147 32 , , , 51242 147 33 they -PRON- PRP 51242 147 34 had have VBD 51242 147 35 the the DT 51242 147 36 means mean NNS 51242 147 37 of of IN 51242 147 38 reproducing reproduce VBG 51242 147 39 the the DT 51242 147 40 power power NN 51242 147 41 in in IN 51242 147 42 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 147 43 form form NN 51242 147 44 at at IN 51242 147 45 a a DT 51242 147 46 distance distance NN 51242 147 47 . . . 51242 148 1 There there EX 51242 148 2 were be VBD 51242 148 3 , , , 51242 148 4 of of IN 51242 148 5 course course NN 51242 148 6 , , , 51242 148 7 losses loss NNS 51242 148 8 of of IN 51242 148 9 energy energy NN 51242 148 10 in in IN 51242 148 11 the the DT 51242 148 12 process process NN 51242 148 13 . . . 51242 149 1 A a DT 51242 149 2 certain certain JJ 51242 149 3 percentage percentage NN 51242 149 4 was be VBD 51242 149 5 lost lose VBN 51242 149 6 in in IN 51242 149 7 the the DT 51242 149 8 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 149 9 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 149 10 , , , 51242 149 11 some some DT 51242 149 12 in in IN 51242 149 13 the the DT 51242 149 14 transmitting transmitting NN 51242 149 15 wires wire NNS 51242 149 16 , , , 51242 149 17 and and CC 51242 149 18 some some DT 51242 149 19 in in IN 51242 149 20 the the DT 51242 149 21 motor motor NN 51242 149 22 . . . 51242 150 1 But but CC 51242 150 2 the the DT 51242 150 3 all all RB 51242 150 4 - - HYPH 51242 150 5 round round JJ 51242 150 6 efficiency efficiency NN 51242 150 7 of of IN 51242 150 8 the the DT 51242 150 9 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 150 10 was be VBD 51242 150 11 much much RB 51242 150 12 higher high JJR 51242 150 13 than than IN 51242 150 14 that that DT 51242 150 15 of of IN 51242 150 16 any any DT 51242 150 17 other other JJ 51242 150 18 system system NN 51242 150 19 of of IN 51242 150 20 transmitting transmit VBG 51242 150 21 power power NN 51242 150 22 from from IN 51242 150 23 one one CD 51242 150 24 point point NN 51242 150 25 to to IN 51242 150 26 another another DT 51242 150 27 several several JJ 51242 150 28 miles mile NNS 51242 150 29 distant distant JJ 51242 150 30 . . . 51242 151 1 In in IN 51242 151 2 order order NN 51242 151 3 to to TO 51242 151 4 apply apply VB 51242 151 5 this this DT 51242 151 6 system system NN 51242 151 7 to to IN 51242 151 8 propelling propel VBG 51242 151 9 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 151 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 151 11 was be VBD 51242 151 12 only only RB 51242 151 13 necessary necessary JJ 51242 151 14 to to TO 51242 151 15 devise devise VB 51242 151 16 a a DT 51242 151 17 continuous continuous JJ 51242 151 18 connection connection NN 51242 151 19 between between IN 51242 151 20 the the DT 51242 151 21 motor motor NN 51242 151 22 on on IN 51242 151 23 the the DT 51242 151 24 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 151 25 and and CC 51242 151 26 the the DT 51242 151 27 stationary stationary JJ 51242 151 28 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 151 29 . . . 51242 152 1 This this DT 51242 152 2 was be VBD 51242 152 3 done do VBN 51242 152 4 on on IN 51242 152 5 the the DT 51242 152 6 first first JJ 51242 152 7 electric electric JJ 51242 152 8 railway railway NN 51242 152 9 by by IN 51242 152 10 means mean NNS 51242 152 11 of of IN 51242 152 12 a a DT 51242 152 13 ' ' `` 51242 152 14 third third JJ 51242 152 15 rail rail NN 51242 152 16 , , , 51242 152 17 ' ' '' 51242 152 18 substantially substantially RB 51242 152 19 in in IN 51242 152 20 the the DT 51242 152 21 same same JJ 51242 152 22 way way NN 51242 152 23 as as IN 51242 152 24 is be VBZ 51242 152 25 now now RB 51242 152 26 familiar familiar JJ 51242 152 27 on on IN 51242 152 28 underground underground JJ 51242 152 29 and and CC 51242 152 30 other other JJ 51242 152 31 electric electric JJ 51242 152 32 lines line NNS 51242 152 33 . . . 51242 153 1 The the DT 51242 153 2 third third JJ 51242 153 3 rail rail NN 51242 153 4 was be VBD 51242 153 5 a a DT 51242 153 6 metal metal NN 51242 153 7 conductor conductor NN 51242 153 8 supported support VBN 51242 153 9 on on IN 51242 153 10 insulators insulator NNS 51242 153 11 and and CC 51242 153 12 connected connect VBN 51242 153 13 to to IN 51242 153 14 the the DT 51242 153 15 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 153 16 . . . 51242 154 1 The the DT 51242 154 2 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 154 3 or or CC 51242 154 4 car car NN 51242 154 5 was be VBD 51242 154 6 furnished furnish VBN 51242 154 7 with with IN 51242 154 8 a a DT 51242 154 9 metal metal NN 51242 154 10 brush brush NN 51242 154 11 or or CC 51242 154 12 skate skate NN 51242 154 13 which which WDT 51242 154 14 rubbed rub VBD 51242 154 15 along along IN 51242 154 16 the the DT 51242 154 17 third third JJ 51242 154 18 rail rail NN 51242 154 19 as as IN 51242 154 20 the the DT 51242 154 21 car car NN 51242 154 22 moved move VBD 51242 154 23 forward forward RB 51242 154 24 . . . 51242 155 1 The the DT 51242 155 2 current current JJ 51242 155 3 thus thus RB 51242 155 4 collected collect VBN 51242 155 5 was be VBD 51242 155 6 led lead VBN 51242 155 7 through through IN 51242 155 8 the the DT 51242 155 9 motor motor NN 51242 155 10 ( ( -LRB- 51242 155 11 which which WDT 51242 155 12 drove drive VBD 51242 155 13 the the DT 51242 155 14 axle axle NN 51242 155 15 of of IN 51242 155 16 the the DT 51242 155 17 car car NN 51242 155 18 through through IN 51242 155 19 toothed toothed JJ 51242 155 20 wheels wheel NNS 51242 155 21 ) ) -RRB- 51242 155 22 and and CC 51242 155 23 thence thence NN 51242 155 24 to to IN 51242 155 25 the the DT 51242 155 26 track track NN 51242 155 27 rails rail NNS 51242 155 28 , , , 51242 155 29 which which WDT 51242 155 30 conveyed convey VBD 51242 155 31 the the DT 51242 155 32 current current JJ 51242 155 33 back back RB 51242 155 34 to to IN 51242 155 35 the the DT 51242 155 36 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 155 37 and and CC 51242 155 38 so so RB 51242 155 39 completed complete VBD 51242 155 40 the the DT 51242 155 41 electrical electrical JJ 51242 155 42 circuit circuit NN 51242 155 43 . . . 51242 156 1 Messrs Messrs NNPS 51242 156 2 Siemens Siemens NNP 51242 156 3 and and CC 51242 156 4 Halske Halske NNP 51242 156 5 exhibited exhibit VBD 51242 156 6 the the DT 51242 156 7 first first JJ 51242 156 8 electric electric JJ 51242 156 9 railway railway NN 51242 156 10 of of IN 51242 156 11 this this DT 51242 156 12 type type NN 51242 156 13 at at IN 51242 156 14 the the DT 51242 156 15 Berlin Berlin NNP 51242 156 16 Industrial Industrial NNP 51242 156 17 Exhibition Exhibition NNP 51242 156 18 of of IN 51242 156 19 1879 1879 CD 51242 156 20 . . . 51242 157 1 Another another DT 51242 157 2 method method NN 51242 157 3 of of IN 51242 157 4 collecting collect VBG 51242 157 5 the the DT 51242 157 6 current current NN 51242 157 7 was be VBD 51242 157 8 tried try VBN 51242 157 9 soon soon RB 51242 157 10 afterwards afterwards RB 51242 157 11 and and CC 51242 157 12 formed form VBD 51242 157 13 the the DT 51242 157 14 direct direct JJ 51242 157 15 forerunner forerunner NN 51242 157 16 of of IN 51242 157 17 the the DT 51242 157 18 electric electric JJ 51242 157 19 tramway tramway NN 51242 157 20 on on IN 51242 157 21 the the DT 51242 157 22 now now RB 51242 157 23 standard standard JJ 51242 157 24 ' ' `` 51242 157 25 overhead overhead NN 51242 157 26 ' ' '' 51242 157 27 system system NN 51242 157 28 . . . 51242 158 1 The the DT 51242 158 2 disadvantage disadvantage NN 51242 158 3 of of IN 51242 158 4 the the DT 51242 158 5 third third JJ 51242 158 6 rail rail NN 51242 158 7 system system NN 51242 158 8 is be VBZ 51242 158 9 that that IN 51242 158 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 158 11 involves involve VBZ 51242 158 12 an an DT 51242 158 13 exposed expose VBN 51242 158 14 ' ' `` 51242 158 15 live live JJ 51242 158 16 ' ' '' 51242 158 17 conductor conductor NN 51242 158 18 close close RB 51242 158 19 to to IN 51242 158 20 the the DT 51242 158 21 ground ground NN 51242 158 22 . . . 51242 159 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 159 2 is be VBZ 51242 159 3 therefore therefore RB 51242 159 4 quite quite RB 51242 159 5 unsuited unsuited JJ 51242 159 6 for for IN 51242 159 7 use use NN 51242 159 8 on on IN 51242 159 9 streets street NNS 51242 159 10 . . . 51242 160 1 Consequently consequently RB 51242 160 2 the the DT 51242 160 3 next next JJ 51242 160 4 step step NN 51242 160 5 towards towards IN 51242 160 6 the the DT 51242 160 7 electric electric JJ 51242 160 8 tramway tramway NN 51242 160 9 was be VBD 51242 160 10 to to TO 51242 160 11 carry carry VB 51242 160 12 the the DT 51242 160 13 electrical electrical JJ 51242 160 14 conductors conductor NNS 51242 160 15 overhead overhead RB 51242 160 16 by by IN 51242 160 17 supporting support VBG 51242 160 18 them -PRON- PRP 51242 160 19 on on IN 51242 160 20 poles pole NNS 51242 160 21 erected erect VBN 51242 160 22 at at IN 51242 160 23 the the DT 51242 160 24 side side NN 51242 160 25 of of IN 51242 160 26 the the DT 51242 160 27 track track NN 51242 160 28 . . . 51242 161 1 The the DT 51242 161 2 first first JJ 51242 161 3 installation installation NN 51242 161 4 of of IN 51242 161 5 this this DT 51242 161 6 kind kind NN 51242 161 7 was be VBD 51242 161 8 laid lay VBN 51242 161 9 down down RP 51242 161 10 at at IN 51242 161 11 the the DT 51242 161 12 Paris Paris NNP 51242 161 13 Exhibition Exhibition NNP 51242 161 14 of of IN 51242 161 15 1881 1881 CD 51242 161 16 . . . 51242 162 1 In in IN 51242 162 2 that that DT 51242 162 3 case case NN 51242 162 4 the the DT 51242 162 5 conductor conductor NN 51242 162 6 was be VBD 51242 162 7 an an DT 51242 162 8 iron iron NN 51242 162 9 tube tube NN 51242 162 10 with with IN 51242 162 11 a a DT 51242 162 12 slot slot NN 51242 162 13 along along IN 51242 162 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 162 15 lower low JJR 51242 162 16 side side NN 51242 162 17 ; ; : 51242 162 18 and and CC 51242 162 19 inside inside IN 51242 162 20 the the DT 51242 162 21 tube tube NN 51242 162 22 was be VBD 51242 162 23 a a DT 51242 162 24 ' ' `` 51242 162 25 boat boat NN 51242 162 26 ' ' '' 51242 162 27 which which WDT 51242 162 28 slid slide VBD 51242 162 29 along along RB 51242 162 30 and and CC 51242 162 31 was be VBD 51242 162 32 connected connect VBN 51242 162 33 to to IN 51242 162 34 the the DT 51242 162 35 car car NN 51242 162 36 by by IN 51242 162 37 means mean NNS 51242 162 38 of of IN 51242 162 39 a a DT 51242 162 40 flexible flexible JJ 51242 162 41 wire wire NN 51242 162 42 . . . 51242 163 1 A a DT 51242 163 2 second second JJ 51242 163 3 tube tube NN 51242 163 4 , , , 51242 163 5 also also RB 51242 163 6 with with IN 51242 163 7 a a DT 51242 163 8 boat boat NN 51242 163 9 and and CC 51242 163 10 connecting connect VBG 51242 163 11 wire wire NN 51242 163 12 , , , 51242 163 13 was be VBD 51242 163 14 provided provide VBN 51242 163 15 to to TO 51242 163 16 carry carry VB 51242 163 17 the the DT 51242 163 18 return return NN 51242 163 19 current current JJ 51242 163 20 . . . 51242 164 1 We -PRON- PRP 51242 164 2 shall shall MD 51242 164 3 see see VB 51242 164 4 later later RB 51242 164 5 how how WRB 51242 164 6 this this DT 51242 164 7 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 164 8 evolved evolve VBD 51242 164 9 into into IN 51242 164 10 the the DT 51242 164 11 familiar familiar JJ 51242 164 12 ' ' `` 51242 164 13 trolley trolley NN 51242 164 14 ' ' '' 51242 164 15 system system NN 51242 164 16 . . . 51242 165 1 The the DT 51242 165 2 mention mention NN 51242 165 3 of of IN 51242 165 4 a a DT 51242 165 5 slotted slotted JJ 51242 165 6 tube tube NN 51242 165 7 recalls recall VBZ 51242 165 8 the the DT 51242 165 9 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 165 10 system system NN 51242 165 11 and and CC 51242 165 12 , , , 51242 165 13 in in IN 51242 165 14 so so RB 51242 165 15 doing do VBG 51242 165 16 , , , 51242 165 17 emphasises emphasise VBZ 51242 165 18 the the DT 51242 165 19 superiority superiority NN 51242 165 20 of of IN 51242 165 21 the the DT 51242 165 22 electric electric JJ 51242 165 23 system system NN 51242 165 24 in in IN 51242 165 25 simplicity simplicity NN 51242 165 26 , , , 51242 165 27 flexibility flexibility NN 51242 165 28 , , , 51242 165 29 reliability reliability NN 51242 165 30 , , , 51242 165 31 and and CC 51242 165 32 economy economy NN 51242 165 33 . . . 51242 166 1 Brunel Brunel NNP 51242 166 2 's 's POS 51242 166 3 faith faith NN 51242 166 4 in in IN 51242 166 5 the the DT 51242 166 6 advantages advantage NNS 51242 166 7 of of IN 51242 166 8 stationary stationary JJ 51242 166 9 engines engine NNS 51242 166 10 and and CC 51242 166 11 the the DT 51242 166 12 transmission transmission NN 51242 166 13 of of IN 51242 166 14 power power NN 51242 166 15 therefrom therefrom NN 51242 166 16 to to IN 51242 166 17 moving move VBG 51242 166 18 trains train NNS 51242 166 19 would would MD 51242 166 20 have have VB 51242 166 21 been be VBN 51242 166 22 justified justify VBN 51242 166 23 by by IN 51242 166 24 the the DT 51242 166 25 event event NN 51242 166 26 if if IN 51242 166 27 the the DT 51242 166 28 pneumatic pneumatic JJ 51242 166 29 system system NN 51242 166 30 of of IN 51242 166 31 power power NN 51242 166 32 transmission transmission NN 51242 166 33 had have VBD 51242 166 34 been be VBN 51242 166 35 as as RB 51242 166 36 practicable practicable JJ 51242 166 37 as as IN 51242 166 38 the the DT 51242 166 39 electric electric JJ 51242 166 40 system system NN 51242 166 41 . . . 51242 167 1 But but CC 51242 167 2 there there EX 51242 167 3 is be VBZ 51242 167 4 an an DT 51242 167 5 obvious obvious JJ 51242 167 6 contrast contrast NN 51242 167 7 between between IN 51242 167 8 the the DT 51242 167 9 huge huge JJ 51242 167 10 pipe pipe NN 51242 167 11 of of IN 51242 167 12 the the DT 51242 167 13 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 167 14 railway railway NN 51242 167 15 , , , 51242 167 16 with with IN 51242 167 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 167 18 impossible impossible JJ 51242 167 19 ' ' `` 51242 167 20 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 51242 167 21 valve valve NN 51242 167 22 , , , 51242 167 23 ' ' '' 51242 167 24 and and CC 51242 167 25 the the DT 51242 167 26 small small JJ 51242 167 27 tube tube NN 51242 167 28 of of IN 51242 167 29 the the DT 51242 167 30 first first JJ 51242 167 31 overhead overhead JJ 51242 167 32 electric electric JJ 51242 167 33 line line NN 51242 167 34 or or CC 51242 167 35 the the DT 51242 167 36 third third JJ 51242 167 37 rail rail NN 51242 167 38 of of IN 51242 167 39 the the DT 51242 167 40 first first JJ 51242 167 41 electric electric JJ 51242 167 42 railway railway NN 51242 167 43 . . . 51242 168 1 There there EX 51242 168 2 is be VBZ 51242 168 3 also also RB 51242 168 4 a a DT 51242 168 5 pathetic pathetic JJ 51242 168 6 contrast contrast NN 51242 168 7 between between IN 51242 168 8 the the DT 51242 168 9 prolonged prolong VBN 51242 168 10 struggles struggle NNS 51242 168 11 which which WDT 51242 168 12 Brunel Brunel NNP 51242 168 13 and and CC 51242 168 14 the the DT 51242 168 15 inventors inventor NNS 51242 168 16 of of IN 51242 168 17 the the DT 51242 168 18 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 168 19 system system NN 51242 168 20 underwent undergo VBD 51242 168 21 before before IN 51242 168 22 they -PRON- PRP 51242 168 23 were be VBD 51242 168 24 forced force VBN 51242 168 25 to to TO 51242 168 26 acknowledge acknowledge VB 51242 168 27 failure failure NN 51242 168 28 , , , 51242 168 29 and and CC 51242 168 30 the the DT 51242 168 31 rapid rapid JJ 51242 168 32 ease ease NN 51242 168 33 with with IN 51242 168 34 which which WDT 51242 168 35 electric electric JJ 51242 168 36 traction traction NN 51242 168 37 entered enter VBD 51242 168 38 into into IN 51242 168 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 168 40 kingdom kingdom NN 51242 168 41 when when WRB 51242 168 42 the the DT 51242 168 43 commercial commercial JJ 51242 168 44 dynamo dynamo NNP 51242 168 45 and and CC 51242 168 46 motor motor NN 51242 168 47 were be VBD 51242 168 48 first first RB 51242 168 49 produced produce VBN 51242 168 50 . . . 51242 169 1 The the DT 51242 169 2 intrinsic intrinsic JJ 51242 169 3 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 169 4 which which WDT 51242 169 5 electric electric JJ 51242 169 6 traction traction NN 51242 169 7 engineers engineer NNS 51242 169 8 had have VBD 51242 169 9 to to TO 51242 169 10 meet meet VB 51242 169 11 were be VBD 51242 169 12 not not RB 51242 169 13 serious serious JJ 51242 169 14 . . . 51242 170 1 Designers designer NNS 51242 170 2 passed pass VBD 51242 170 3 , , , 51242 170 4 step step NN 51242 170 5 by by IN 51242 170 6 step step NN 51242 170 7 , , , 51242 170 8 from from IN 51242 170 9 the the DT 51242 170 10 model model NNP 51242 170 11 electric electric JJ 51242 170 12 railway railway NN 51242 170 13 at at IN 51242 170 14 the the DT 51242 170 15 Berlin Berlin NNP 51242 170 16 Exhibition Exhibition NNP 51242 170 17 to to IN 51242 170 18 public public JJ 51242 170 19 lines line NNS 51242 170 20 on on IN 51242 170 21 a a DT 51242 170 22 larger large JJR 51242 170 23 scale scale NN 51242 170 24 , , , 51242 170 25 and and CC 51242 170 26 from from IN 51242 170 27 the the DT 51242 170 28 model model NN 51242 170 29 electric electric NNP 51242 170 30 overhead overhead NN 51242 170 31 tramway tramway RB 51242 170 32 to to IN 51242 170 33 the the DT 51242 170 34 ' ' `` 51242 170 35 street street NN 51242 170 36 railway railway NN 51242 170 37 ' ' '' 51242 170 38 or or CC 51242 170 39 tramway tramway RB 51242 170 40 which which WDT 51242 170 41 gradually gradually RB 51242 170 42 supplanted supplant VBD 51242 170 43 the the DT 51242 170 44 horse horse NN 51242 170 45 tramway tramway NN 51242 170 46 . . . 51242 171 1 Each each DT 51242 171 2 step step NN 51242 171 3 consisted consist VBD 51242 171 4 in in IN 51242 171 5 an an DT 51242 171 6 extension extension NN 51242 171 7 of of IN 51242 171 8 the the DT 51242 171 9 distance distance NN 51242 171 10 covered cover VBN 51242 171 11 and and CC 51242 171 12 an an DT 51242 171 13 increase increase NN 51242 171 14 in in IN 51242 171 15 the the DT 51242 171 16 power power NN 51242 171 17 required require VBN 51242 171 18 , , , 51242 171 19 coincident coincident NN 51242 171 20 with with IN 51242 171 21 a a DT 51242 171 22 gradual gradual JJ 51242 171 23 improvement improvement NN 51242 171 24 in in IN 51242 171 25 the the DT 51242 171 26 details detail NNS 51242 171 27 of of IN 51242 171 28 motors motor NNS 51242 171 29 , , , 51242 171 30 dynamos dynamos NNP 51242 171 31 , , , 51242 171 32 and and CC 51242 171 33 transmission transmission NN 51242 171 34 equipment equipment NN 51242 171 35 . . . 51242 172 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 51242 172 2 IV IV NNP 51242 172 3 THE the DT 51242 172 4 ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL NNP 51242 172 5 ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES NNP 51242 172 6 OF of IN 51242 172 7 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 172 8 TRACTION traction NN 51242 172 9 ON on IN 51242 172 10 TRAMWAYS TRAMWAYS NNP 51242 172 11 A a DT 51242 172 12 railway railway NN 51242 172 13 journal journal NN 51242 172 14 once once RB 51242 172 15 committed commit VBD 51242 172 16 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 172 17 to to IN 51242 172 18 the the DT 51242 172 19 statement statement NN 51242 172 20 that that IN 51242 172 21 horse horse NN 51242 172 22 traction traction NN 51242 172 23 was be VBD 51242 172 24 superior superior JJ 51242 172 25 to to IN 51242 172 26 electric electric JJ 51242 172 27 traction traction NN 51242 172 28 on on IN 51242 172 29 roads road NNS 51242 172 30 because because IN 51242 172 31 the the DT 51242 172 32 horse horse NN 51242 172 33 possessed possess VBD 51242 172 34 the the DT 51242 172 35 ' ' `` 51242 172 36 vital vital JJ 51242 172 37 principle principle NN 51242 172 38 ' ' '' 51242 172 39 of of IN 51242 172 40 energy energy NN 51242 172 41 in in IN 51242 172 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 172 43 constitution constitution NN 51242 172 44 . . . 51242 173 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 173 2 is be VBZ 51242 173 3 distinctly distinctly RB 51242 173 4 curious curious JJ 51242 173 5 to to TO 51242 173 6 find find VB 51242 173 7 an an DT 51242 173 8 authority authority NN 51242 173 9 on on IN 51242 173 10 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 173 11 describing describe VBG 51242 173 12 the the DT 51242 173 13 essential essential JJ 51242 173 14 drawback drawback NN 51242 173 15 of of IN 51242 173 16 horse horse NN 51242 173 17 traction traction NN 51242 173 18 as as IN 51242 173 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 173 20 distinguishing distinguishing NN 51242 173 21 advantage advantage NN 51242 173 22 . . . 51242 174 1 The the DT 51242 174 2 ' ' `` 51242 174 3 vital vital JJ 51242 174 4 principle principle NN 51242 174 5 , , , 51242 174 6 ' ' '' 51242 174 7 unfortunately unfortunately RB 51242 174 8 , , , 51242 174 9 needs need VBZ 51242 174 10 food food NN 51242 174 11 and and CC 51242 174 12 rest rest VB 51242 174 13 to to TO 51242 174 14 maintain maintain VB 51242 174 15 it -PRON- PRP 51242 174 16 not not RB 51242 174 17 only only RB 51242 174 18 during during IN 51242 174 19 working work VBG 51242 174 20 hours hour NNS 51242 174 21 but but CC 51242 174 22 during during IN 51242 174 23 the the DT 51242 174 24 hours hour NNS 51242 174 25 of of IN 51242 174 26 inactivity inactivity NN 51242 174 27 as as RB 51242 174 28 well well RB 51242 174 29 . . . 51242 175 1 In in IN 51242 175 2 actual actual JJ 51242 175 3 practice practice NN 51242 175 4 four four CD 51242 175 5 horses horse NNS 51242 175 6 out out IN 51242 175 7 of of IN 51242 175 8 every every DT 51242 175 9 five five CD 51242 175 10 in in IN 51242 175 11 a a DT 51242 175 12 tramway tramway JJ 51242 175 13 stud stud NN 51242 175 14 are be VBP 51242 175 15 in in IN 51242 175 16 the the DT 51242 175 17 stables stable NNS 51242 175 18 while while IN 51242 175 19 the the DT 51242 175 20 fifth fifth JJ 51242 175 21 is be VBZ 51242 175 22 at at IN 51242 175 23 work work NN 51242 175 24 . . . 51242 176 1 Moreover moreover RB 51242 176 2 , , , 51242 176 3 the the DT 51242 176 4 same same JJ 51242 176 5 stud stud NN 51242 176 6 has have VBZ 51242 176 7 to to TO 51242 176 8 be be VB 51242 176 9 kept keep VBN 51242 176 10 up up RP 51242 176 11 , , , 51242 176 12 at at IN 51242 176 13 a a DT 51242 176 14 practically practically RB 51242 176 15 uniform uniform JJ 51242 176 16 cost cost NN 51242 176 17 , , , 51242 176 18 whether whether IN 51242 176 19 the the DT 51242 176 20 daily daily JJ 51242 176 21 traffic traffic NN 51242 176 22 be be VBP 51242 176 23 light light JJ 51242 176 24 or or CC 51242 176 25 heavy heavy JJ 51242 176 26 . . . 51242 177 1 Thirdly thirdly RB 51242 177 2 , , , 51242 177 3 the the DT 51242 177 4 ' ' `` 51242 177 5 vital vital JJ 51242 177 6 principle principle NN 51242 177 7 ' ' '' 51242 177 8 has have VBZ 51242 177 9 only only RB 51242 177 10 a a DT 51242 177 11 limited limited JJ 51242 177 12 number number NN 51242 177 13 of of IN 51242 177 14 years year NNS 51242 177 15 during during IN 51242 177 16 which which WDT 51242 177 17 -- -- : 51242 177 18 apart apart RB 51242 177 19 from from IN 51242 177 20 sickness sickness NN 51242 177 21 and and CC 51242 177 22 disease disease NN 51242 177 23 -- -- : 51242 177 24 it -PRON- PRP 51242 177 25 is be VBZ 51242 177 26 effective effective JJ 51242 177 27 for for IN 51242 177 28 traction traction NN 51242 177 29 purposes purpose NNS 51242 177 30 . . . 51242 178 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 178 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 178 3 : : : 51242 178 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 178 5 . . . 51242 179 1 2 2 LS 51242 179 2 . . . 51242 180 1 A a DT 51242 180 2 typical typical JJ 51242 180 3 electric electric JJ 51242 180 4 tramway tramway NN 51242 180 5 on on IN 51242 180 6 the the DT 51242 180 7 overhead overhead NN 51242 180 8 system.--The system.--the CD 51242 180 9 trolley trolley NN 51242 180 10 standard standard NN 51242 180 11 carries carry VBZ 51242 180 12 the the DT 51242 180 13 wires wire NNS 51242 180 14 for for IN 51242 180 15 supplying supply VBG 51242 180 16 current current NN 51242 180 17 to to IN 51242 180 18 the the DT 51242 180 19 cars car NNS 51242 180 20 on on IN 51242 180 21 both both CC 51242 180 22 the the DT 51242 180 23 up up NN 51242 180 24 and and CC 51242 180 25 down down JJ 51242 180 26 tracks track NNS 51242 180 27 . . . 51242 181 1 The the DT 51242 181 2 driver driver NN 51242 181 3 has have VBZ 51242 181 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 181 5 left left JJ 51242 181 6 hand hand NN 51242 181 7 on on IN 51242 181 8 the the DT 51242 181 9 controller controller NN 51242 181 10 handle handle NN 51242 181 11 and and CC 51242 181 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 181 13 right right JJ 51242 181 14 hand hand NN 51242 181 15 on on IN 51242 181 16 the the DT 51242 181 17 brake brake NN 51242 181 18 handle handle NN 51242 181 19 . . . 51242 182 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 182 2 Photograph Photograph NNP 51242 182 3 reproduced reproduce VBN 51242 182 4 by by IN 51242 182 5 courtesy courtesy NN 51242 182 6 of of IN 51242 182 7 Dick Dick NNP 51242 182 8 , , , 51242 182 9 Kerr Kerr NNP 51242 182 10 and and CC 51242 182 11 Company Company NNP 51242 182 12 , , , 51242 182 13 Limited Limited NNP 51242 182 14 . . . 51242 182 15 ) ) -RRB- 51242 182 16 ] ] -RRB- 51242 183 1 Another another DT 51242 183 2 disadvantage disadvantage NN 51242 183 3 is be VBZ 51242 183 4 that that IN 51242 183 5 the the DT 51242 183 6 pull pull NN 51242 183 7 which which WDT 51242 183 8 a a DT 51242 183 9 horse horse NN 51242 183 10 can can MD 51242 183 11 actually actually RB 51242 183 12 exercise exercise VB 51242 183 13 on on IN 51242 183 14 a a DT 51242 183 15 car car NN 51242 183 16 is be VBZ 51242 183 17 strictly strictly RB 51242 183 18 limited limited JJ 51242 183 19 and and CC 51242 183 20 is be VBZ 51242 183 21 only only RB 51242 183 22 a a DT 51242 183 23 small small JJ 51242 183 24 fraction fraction NN 51242 183 25 of of IN 51242 183 26 the the DT 51242 183 27 total total JJ 51242 183 28 power power NN 51242 183 29 represented represent VBN 51242 183 30 by by IN 51242 183 31 the the DT 51242 183 32 fodder fodder NN 51242 183 33 which which WDT 51242 183 34 the the DT 51242 183 35 horse horse NN 51242 183 36 consumes consume NNS 51242 183 37 . . . 51242 184 1 The the DT 51242 184 2 strain strain NN 51242 184 3 upon upon IN 51242 184 4 a a DT 51242 184 5 horse horse NN 51242 184 6 in in IN 51242 184 7 starting start VBG 51242 184 8 a a DT 51242 184 9 car car NN 51242 184 10 or or CC 51242 184 11 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 184 12 is be VBZ 51242 184 13 so so RB 51242 184 14 great great JJ 51242 184 15 that that IN 51242 184 16 a a DT 51242 184 17 ' ' `` 51242 184 18 lover lover NN 51242 184 19 of of IN 51242 184 20 animals animal NNS 51242 184 21 ' ' POS 51242 184 22 used use VBN 51242 184 23 to to TO 51242 184 24 supply supply VB 51242 184 25 London London NNP 51242 184 26 omnibuses omnibuse VBZ 51242 184 27 with with IN 51242 184 28 appeals appeal NNS 51242 184 29 to to IN 51242 184 30 passengers passenger NNS 51242 184 31 not not RB 51242 184 32 to to TO 51242 184 33 stop stop VB 51242 184 34 the the DT 51242 184 35 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 184 36 more more RBR 51242 184 37 often often RB 51242 184 38 than than IN 51242 184 39 was be VBD 51242 184 40 necessary necessary JJ 51242 184 41 , , , 51242 184 42 especially especially RB 51242 184 43 on on IN 51242 184 44 an an DT 51242 184 45 incline incline NN 51242 184 46 . . . 51242 185 1 This this DT 51242 185 2 was be VBD 51242 185 3 a a DT 51242 185 4 recognition recognition NN 51242 185 5 of of IN 51242 185 6 the the DT 51242 185 7 fact fact NN 51242 185 8 that that IN 51242 185 9 the the DT 51242 185 10 horse horse NN 51242 185 11 can can MD 51242 185 12 not not RB 51242 185 13 cope cope VB 51242 185 14 easily easily RB 51242 185 15 with with IN 51242 185 16 the the DT 51242 185 17 heavy heavy JJ 51242 185 18 strain strain NN 51242 185 19 at at IN 51242 185 20 starting starting NN 51242 185 21 , , , 51242 185 22 and and CC 51242 185 23 that that IN 51242 185 24 he -PRON- PRP 51242 185 25 requires require VBZ 51242 185 26 assistance assistance NN 51242 185 27 on on IN 51242 185 28 heavy heavy JJ 51242 185 29 gradients gradient NNS 51242 185 30 . . . 51242 186 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 186 2 was be VBD 51242 186 3 not not RB 51242 186 4 surprising surprising JJ 51242 186 5 , , , 51242 186 6 therefore therefore RB 51242 186 7 , , , 51242 186 8 that that IN 51242 186 9 on on IN 51242 186 10 horse horse NN 51242 186 11 tramway tramway NN 51242 186 12 systems system VBZ 51242 186 13 the the DT 51242 186 14 speed speed NN 51242 186 15 was be VBD 51242 186 16 low low JJ 51242 186 17 , , , 51242 186 18 the the DT 51242 186 19 cars car NNS 51242 186 20 of of IN 51242 186 21 limited limit VBN 51242 186 22 capacity capacity NN 51242 186 23 , , , 51242 186 24 and and CC 51242 186 25 the the DT 51242 186 26 fares fare NNS 51242 186 27 comparatively comparatively RB 51242 186 28 high high JJ 51242 186 29 . . . 51242 187 1 The the DT 51242 187 2 shortness shortness NN 51242 187 3 of of IN 51242 187 4 the the DT 51242 187 5 journey journey NN 51242 187 6 which which WDT 51242 187 7 a a DT 51242 187 8 tramway tramway JJ 51242 187 9 horse horse NN 51242 187 10 was be VBD 51242 187 11 able able JJ 51242 187 12 to to TO 51242 187 13 cover cover VB 51242 187 14 without without IN 51242 187 15 fatigue fatigue NN 51242 187 16 also also RB 51242 187 17 tended tend VBD 51242 187 18 to to TO 51242 187 19 limit limit VB 51242 187 20 the the DT 51242 187 21 length length NN 51242 187 22 of of IN 51242 187 23 routes route NNS 51242 187 24 . . . 51242 188 1 On on IN 51242 188 2 all all PDT 51242 188 3 these these DT 51242 188 4 points point NNS 51242 188 5 electric electric JJ 51242 188 6 traction traction NN 51242 188 7 was be VBD 51242 188 8 soon soon RB 51242 188 9 found find VBN 51242 188 10 to to TO 51242 188 11 be be VB 51242 188 12 distinctly distinctly RB 51242 188 13 superior superior JJ 51242 188 14 to to IN 51242 188 15 horse horse NN 51242 188 16 traction traction NN 51242 188 17 . . . 51242 189 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 189 2 was be VBD 51242 189 3 more more RBR 51242 189 4 economical economical JJ 51242 189 5 in in IN 51242 189 6 power power NN 51242 189 7 ; ; : 51242 189 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 189 9 was be VBD 51242 189 10 able able JJ 51242 189 11 to to TO 51242 189 12 maintain maintain VB 51242 189 13 higher high JJR 51242 189 14 speeds speed NNS 51242 189 15 with with IN 51242 189 16 larger large JJR 51242 189 17 and and CC 51242 189 18 more more RBR 51242 189 19 commodious commodious JJ 51242 189 20 cars car NNS 51242 189 21 ; ; : 51242 189 22 and and CC 51242 189 23 there there EX 51242 189 24 was be VBD 51242 189 25 no no DT 51242 189 26 narrow narrow JJ 51242 189 27 limit limit NN 51242 189 28 to to IN 51242 189 29 the the DT 51242 189 30 length length NN 51242 189 31 of of IN 51242 189 32 routes route NNS 51242 189 33 or or CC 51242 189 34 the the DT 51242 189 35 gradients gradient NNS 51242 189 36 which which WDT 51242 189 37 could could MD 51242 189 38 be be VB 51242 189 39 surmounted surmount VBN 51242 189 40 . . . 51242 190 1 Consequently consequently RB 51242 190 2 electric electric JJ 51242 190 3 traction traction NN 51242 190 4 offered offer VBD 51242 190 5 the the DT 51242 190 6 public public NN 51242 190 7 an an DT 51242 190 8 improved improved JJ 51242 190 9 service service NN 51242 190 10 at at IN 51242 190 11 lower low JJR 51242 190 12 fares fare NNS 51242 190 13 . . . 51242 191 1 The the DT 51242 191 2 whole whole NN 51242 191 3 of of IN 51242 191 4 the the DT 51242 191 5 power power NN 51242 191 6 - - HYPH 51242 191 7 producing produce VBG 51242 191 8 plant plant NN 51242 191 9 for for IN 51242 191 10 a a DT 51242 191 11 typical typical JJ 51242 191 12 electric electric JJ 51242 191 13 tramway tramway NN 51242 191 14 system system NN 51242 191 15 is be VBZ 51242 191 16 concentrated concentrate VBN 51242 191 17 at at IN 51242 191 18 a a DT 51242 191 19 generating generate VBG 51242 191 20 station station NN 51242 191 21 placed place VBN 51242 191 22 ( ( -LRB- 51242 191 23 if if IN 51242 191 24 possible possible JJ 51242 191 25 ) ) -RRB- 51242 191 26 near near IN 51242 191 27 the the DT 51242 191 28 centre centre NN 51242 191 29 of of IN 51242 191 30 the the DT 51242 191 31 system system NN 51242 191 32 . . . 51242 192 1 From from IN 51242 192 2 this this DT 51242 192 3 station station NN 51242 192 4 runs run VBZ 51242 192 5 a a DT 51242 192 6 network network NN 51242 192 7 of of IN 51242 192 8 electric electric JJ 51242 192 9 mains main NNS 51242 192 10 to to TO 51242 192 11 feed feed VB 51242 192 12 the the DT 51242 192 13 lines line NNS 51242 192 14 with with IN 51242 192 15 current current JJ 51242 192 16 at at IN 51242 192 17 convenient convenient JJ 51242 192 18 points point NNS 51242 192 19 . . . 51242 193 1 This this DT 51242 193 2 concentration concentration NN 51242 193 3 is be VBZ 51242 193 4 a a DT 51242 193 5 benefit benefit NN 51242 193 6 on on IN 51242 193 7 several several JJ 51242 193 8 grounds ground NNS 51242 193 9 . . . 51242 194 1 A a DT 51242 194 2 large large JJ 51242 194 3 generating generate VBG 51242 194 4 equipment equipment NN 51242 194 5 is be VBZ 51242 194 6 cheaper cheap JJR 51242 194 7 in in IN 51242 194 8 first first JJ 51242 194 9 cost cost NN 51242 194 10 than than IN 51242 194 11 a a DT 51242 194 12 multitude multitude NN 51242 194 13 of of IN 51242 194 14 small small JJ 51242 194 15 power power NN 51242 194 16 - - HYPH 51242 194 17 producing produce VBG 51242 194 18 plants plant NNS 51242 194 19 , , , 51242 194 20 and and CC 51242 194 21 it -PRON- PRP 51242 194 22 is be VBZ 51242 194 23 much much RB 51242 194 24 more more RBR 51242 194 25 economical economical JJ 51242 194 26 in in IN 51242 194 27 operation operation NN 51242 194 28 . . . 51242 195 1 If if IN 51242 195 2 every every DT 51242 195 3 car car NN 51242 195 4 had have VBD 51242 195 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 195 6 own own JJ 51242 195 7 power power NN 51242 195 8 equipment equipment NN 51242 195 9 , , , 51242 195 10 that that DT 51242 195 11 equipment equipment NN 51242 195 12 would would MD 51242 195 13 need need VB 51242 195 14 to to TO 51242 195 15 be be VB 51242 195 16 powerful powerful JJ 51242 195 17 enough enough RB 51242 195 18 to to TO 51242 195 19 haul haul VB 51242 195 20 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 195 21 and and CC 51242 195 22 the the DT 51242 195 23 loaded loaded JJ 51242 195 24 car car NN 51242 195 25 up up RP 51242 195 26 the the DT 51242 195 27 steepest steep JJS 51242 195 28 gradient gradient NN 51242 195 29 on on IN 51242 195 30 the the DT 51242 195 31 route route NN 51242 195 32 . . . 51242 196 1 That that DT 51242 196 2 is be VBZ 51242 196 3 to to TO 51242 196 4 say say VB 51242 196 5 , , , 51242 196 6 the the DT 51242 196 7 sum sum NN 51242 196 8 of of IN 51242 196 9 the the DT 51242 196 10 car car NN 51242 196 11 capacities capacity NNS 51242 196 12 would would MD 51242 196 13 be be VB 51242 196 14 equal equal JJ 51242 196 15 to to IN 51242 196 16 the the DT 51242 196 17 sum sum NN 51242 196 18 of of IN 51242 196 19 the the DT 51242 196 20 maximum maximum JJ 51242 196 21 demands demand NNS 51242 196 22 . . . 51242 197 1 But but CC 51242 197 2 when when WRB 51242 197 3 the the DT 51242 197 4 power power NN 51242 197 5 is be VBZ 51242 197 6 obtained obtain VBN 51242 197 7 from from IN 51242 197 8 a a DT 51242 197 9 single single JJ 51242 197 10 stationary stationary JJ 51242 197 11 source source NN 51242 197 12 we -PRON- PRP 51242 197 13 do do VBP 51242 197 14 away away RB 51242 197 15 with with IN 51242 197 16 the the DT 51242 197 17 dead dead JJ 51242 197 18 weight weight NN 51242 197 19 of of IN 51242 197 20 the the DT 51242 197 21 power power NN 51242 197 22 equipment equipment NN 51242 197 23 on on IN 51242 197 24 the the DT 51242 197 25 car car NN 51242 197 26 , , , 51242 197 27 and and CC 51242 197 28 secure secure VB 51242 197 29 the the DT 51242 197 30 very very RB 51242 197 31 vital vital JJ 51242 197 32 advantage advantage NN 51242 197 33 that that WDT 51242 197 34 the the DT 51242 197 35 capacity capacity NN 51242 197 36 of of IN 51242 197 37 the the DT 51242 197 38 stationary stationary JJ 51242 197 39 source source NN 51242 197 40 need nee MD 51242 197 41 not not RB 51242 197 42 be be VB 51242 197 43 so so RB 51242 197 44 great great JJ 51242 197 45 as as IN 51242 197 46 the the DT 51242 197 47 sum sum NN 51242 197 48 of of IN 51242 197 49 the the DT 51242 197 50 maximum maximum JJ 51242 197 51 demands demand NNS 51242 197 52 . . . 51242 198 1 In in IN 51242 198 2 actual actual JJ 51242 198 3 working work VBG 51242 198 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 198 5 never never RB 51242 198 6 happens happen VBZ 51242 198 7 that that IN 51242 198 8 all all PDT 51242 198 9 the the DT 51242 198 10 cars car NNS 51242 198 11 are be VBP 51242 198 12 full full JJ 51242 198 13 of of IN 51242 198 14 passengers passenger NNS 51242 198 15 and and CC 51242 198 16 ascending ascend VBG 51242 198 17 the the DT 51242 198 18 steepest steep JJS 51242 198 19 gradients gradient NNS 51242 198 20 simultaneously simultaneously RB 51242 198 21 . . . 51242 199 1 While while IN 51242 199 2 some some DT 51242 199 3 are be VBP 51242 199 4 running run VBG 51242 199 5 up up IN 51242 199 6 - - HYPH 51242 199 7 hill hill NN 51242 199 8 , , , 51242 199 9 others other NNS 51242 199 10 are be VBP 51242 199 11 going go VBG 51242 199 12 down down IN 51242 199 13 - - HYPH 51242 199 14 hill hill NN 51242 199 15 ; ; : 51242 199 16 while while IN 51242 199 17 some some DT 51242 199 18 are be VBP 51242 199 19 full full JJ 51242 199 20 , , , 51242 199 21 others other NNS 51242 199 22 are be VBP 51242 199 23 half half RB 51242 199 24 full full JJ 51242 199 25 or or CC 51242 199 26 almost almost RB 51242 199 27 empty empty JJ 51242 199 28 . . . 51242 200 1 The the DT 51242 200 2 result result NN 51242 200 3 is be VBZ 51242 200 4 that that IN 51242 200 5 the the DT 51242 200 6 total total JJ 51242 200 7 demand demand NN 51242 200 8 for for IN 51242 200 9 power power NN 51242 200 10 at at IN 51242 200 11 any any DT 51242 200 12 time time NN 51242 200 13 is be VBZ 51242 200 14 always always RB 51242 200 15 very very RB 51242 200 16 much much RB 51242 200 17 less less JJR 51242 200 18 than than IN 51242 200 19 the the DT 51242 200 20 total total NN 51242 200 21 of of IN 51242 200 22 the the DT 51242 200 23 maximum maximum JJ 51242 200 24 demands demand NNS 51242 200 25 made make VBN 51242 200 26 by by IN 51242 200 27 each each DT 51242 200 28 car car NN 51242 200 29 ; ; : 51242 200 30 and and CC 51242 200 31 the the DT 51242 200 32 capacity capacity NN 51242 200 33 of of IN 51242 200 34 the the DT 51242 200 35 generating generating NN 51242 200 36 station station NN 51242 200 37 need nee MD 51242 200 38 be be VB 51242 200 39 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 200 40 to to TO 51242 200 41 cope cope VB 51242 200 42 only only RB 51242 200 43 with with IN 51242 200 44 the the DT 51242 200 45 smaller small JJR 51242 200 46 amount amount NN 51242 200 47 . . . 51242 201 1 This this DT 51242 201 2 advantage advantage NN 51242 201 3 reduces reduce VBZ 51242 201 4 the the DT 51242 201 5 expenditure expenditure NN 51242 201 6 necessary necessary JJ 51242 201 7 upon upon IN 51242 201 8 boilers boiler NNS 51242 201 9 , , , 51242 201 10 engines engine NNS 51242 201 11 , , , 51242 201 12 and and CC 51242 201 13 dynamos dynamos NNP 51242 201 14 at at IN 51242 201 15 the the DT 51242 201 16 tramway tramway JJ 51242 201 17 generating generating NN 51242 201 18 station station NN 51242 201 19 . . . 51242 202 1 And and CC 51242 202 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 202 3 is be VBZ 51242 202 4 enhanced enhance VBN 51242 202 5 by by IN 51242 202 6 two two CD 51242 202 7 valuable valuable JJ 51242 202 8 capabilities capability NNS 51242 202 9 of of IN 51242 202 10 the the DT 51242 202 11 electric electric JJ 51242 202 12 motor motor NN 51242 202 13 . . . 51242 203 1 The the DT 51242 203 2 first first JJ 51242 203 3 is be VBZ 51242 203 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 203 5 power power NN 51242 203 6 of of IN 51242 203 7 taking take VBG 51242 203 8 a a DT 51242 203 9 heavy heavy JJ 51242 203 10 overload overload NN 51242 203 11 for for IN 51242 203 12 a a DT 51242 203 13 limited limited JJ 51242 203 14 period period NN 51242 203 15 without without IN 51242 203 16 injury injury NN 51242 203 17 . . . 51242 204 1 There there EX 51242 204 2 is be VBZ 51242 204 3 no no DT 51242 204 4 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 204 5 about about IN 51242 204 6 making make VBG 51242 204 7 an an DT 51242 204 8 electric electric JJ 51242 204 9 motor motor NN 51242 204 10 , , , 51242 204 11 whose whose WP$ 51242 204 12 normal normal JJ 51242 204 13 capacity capacity NN 51242 204 14 is be VBZ 51242 204 15 20 20 CD 51242 204 16 horse horse NN 51242 204 17 power power NN 51242 204 18 , , , 51242 204 19 give give VB 51242 204 20 40 40 CD 51242 204 21 horse horse NN 51242 204 22 power power NN 51242 204 23 momentarily momentarily RB 51242 204 24 , , , 51242 204 25 30 30 CD 51242 204 26 horse horse NN 51242 204 27 power power NN 51242 204 28 for for IN 51242 204 29 several several JJ 51242 204 30 minutes minute NNS 51242 204 31 , , , 51242 204 32 and and CC 51242 204 33 25 25 CD 51242 204 34 horse horse NN 51242 204 35 power power NN 51242 204 36 during during IN 51242 204 37 the the DT 51242 204 38 best good JJS 51242 204 39 part part NN 51242 204 40 of of IN 51242 204 41 an an DT 51242 204 42 hour hour NN 51242 204 43 . . . 51242 205 1 Applied apply VBN 51242 205 2 to to IN 51242 205 3 tramway tramway JJ 51242 205 4 work work NN 51242 205 5 , , , 51242 205 6 this this DT 51242 205 7 advantage advantage NN 51242 205 8 means mean VBZ 51242 205 9 that that IN 51242 205 10 the the DT 51242 205 11 rated rate VBN 51242 205 12 capacity capacity NN 51242 205 13 of of IN 51242 205 14 the the DT 51242 205 15 motor motor NN 51242 205 16 equipment equipment NN 51242 205 17 of of IN 51242 205 18 a a DT 51242 205 19 car car NN 51242 205 20 may may MD 51242 205 21 be be VB 51242 205 22 less less JJR 51242 205 23 than than IN 51242 205 24 what what WP 51242 205 25 is be VBZ 51242 205 26 required require VBN 51242 205 27 to to TO 51242 205 28 haul haul VB 51242 205 29 a a DT 51242 205 30 loaded loaded JJ 51242 205 31 car car NN 51242 205 32 at at IN 51242 205 33 an an DT 51242 205 34 adequate adequate JJ 51242 205 35 speed speed NN 51242 205 36 up up RP 51242 205 37 the the DT 51242 205 38 steepest steep JJS 51242 205 39 gradient gradient NN 51242 205 40 on on IN 51242 205 41 the the DT 51242 205 42 system system NN 51242 205 43 . . . 51242 206 1 Such such JJ 51242 206 2 maximum maximum JJ 51242 206 3 demands demand NNS 51242 206 4 , , , 51242 206 5 which which WDT 51242 206 6 only only RB 51242 206 7 occur occur VBP 51242 206 8 at at IN 51242 206 9 intervals interval NNS 51242 206 10 with with IN 51242 206 11 each each DT 51242 206 12 car car NN 51242 206 13 , , , 51242 206 14 can can MD 51242 206 15 be be VB 51242 206 16 met meet VBN 51242 206 17 by by IN 51242 206 18 the the DT 51242 206 19 readiness readiness NN 51242 206 20 of of IN 51242 206 21 the the DT 51242 206 22 electric electric JJ 51242 206 23 motor motor NN 51242 206 24 for for IN 51242 206 25 overwork overwork NN 51242 206 26 . . . 51242 207 1 The the DT 51242 207 2 motors motor NNS 51242 207 3 may may MD 51242 207 4 therefore therefore RB 51242 207 5 be be VB 51242 207 6 reduced reduce VBN 51242 207 7 in in IN 51242 207 8 size size NN 51242 207 9 , , , 51242 207 10 saving save VBG 51242 207 11 money money NN 51242 207 12 in in IN 51242 207 13 first first JJ 51242 207 14 cost cost NN 51242 207 15 and and CC 51242 207 16 in in IN 51242 207 17 the the DT 51242 207 18 current current JJ 51242 207 19 consumed consume VBN 51242 207 20 . . . 51242 208 1 The the DT 51242 208 2 second second JJ 51242 208 3 valuable valuable JJ 51242 208 4 peculiarity peculiarity NN 51242 208 5 of of IN 51242 208 6 the the DT 51242 208 7 electric electric JJ 51242 208 8 motor motor NN 51242 208 9 is be VBZ 51242 208 10 that that IN 51242 208 11 it -PRON- PRP 51242 208 12 gives give VBZ 51242 208 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 208 14 ' ' `` 51242 208 15 maximum maximum NN 51242 208 16 torque torque NN 51242 208 17 ' ' '' 51242 208 18 at at IN 51242 208 19 starting start VBG 51242 208 20 . . . 51242 209 1 That that DT 51242 209 2 is be VBZ 51242 209 3 to to TO 51242 209 4 say say VB 51242 209 5 , , , 51242 209 6 it -PRON- PRP 51242 209 7 exercises exercise VBZ 51242 209 8 the the DT 51242 209 9 highest high JJS 51242 209 10 propulsive propulsive JJ 51242 209 11 effort effort NN 51242 209 12 at at IN 51242 209 13 the the DT 51242 209 14 precise precise JJ 51242 209 15 moment moment NN 51242 209 16 when when WRB 51242 209 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 209 18 is be VBZ 51242 209 19 required require VBN 51242 209 20 . . . 51242 210 1 When when WRB 51242 210 2 horses horse NNS 51242 210 3 are be VBP 51242 210 4 employed employ VBN 51242 210 5 , , , 51242 210 6 they -PRON- PRP 51242 210 7 have have VBP 51242 210 8 to to TO 51242 210 9 endure endure VB 51242 210 10 an an DT 51242 210 11 abnormal abnormal JJ 51242 210 12 strain strain NN 51242 210 13 in in IN 51242 210 14 overcoming overcome VBG 51242 210 15 the the DT 51242 210 16 inertia inertia NN 51242 210 17 of of IN 51242 210 18 a a DT 51242 210 19 stationary stationary JJ 51242 210 20 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 210 21 ; ; : 51242 210 22 everyone everyone NN 51242 210 23 must must MD 51242 210 24 have have VB 51242 210 25 noticed notice VBN 51242 210 26 how how WRB 51242 210 27 horses horse NNS 51242 210 28 have have VBP 51242 210 29 to to TO 51242 210 30 struggle struggle VB 51242 210 31 to to TO 51242 210 32 start start VB 51242 210 33 a a DT 51242 210 34 car car NN 51242 210 35 which which WDT 51242 210 36 they -PRON- PRP 51242 210 37 can can MD 51242 210 38 keep keep VB 51242 210 39 going go VBG 51242 210 40 at at IN 51242 210 41 an an DT 51242 210 42 easy easy JJ 51242 210 43 trot trot NN 51242 210 44 once once IN 51242 210 45 it -PRON- PRP 51242 210 46 has have VBZ 51242 210 47 got get VBN 51242 210 48 up up RP 51242 210 49 speed speed NN 51242 210 50 . . . 51242 211 1 The the DT 51242 211 2 electric electric JJ 51242 211 3 motor motor NN 51242 211 4 -- -- : 51242 211 5 to to TO 51242 211 6 use use VB 51242 211 7 an an DT 51242 211 8 apparent apparent JJ 51242 211 9 paradox paradox NN 51242 211 10 -- -- : 51242 211 11 gives give VBZ 51242 211 12 this this DT 51242 211 13 abnormal abnormal JJ 51242 211 14 pull pull NN 51242 211 15 as as IN 51242 211 16 part part NN 51242 211 17 of of IN 51242 211 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 211 19 normal normal JJ 51242 211 20 action action NN 51242 211 21 . . . 51242 212 1 As as IN 51242 212 2 the the DT 51242 212 3 inertia inertia NN 51242 212 4 of of IN 51242 212 5 the the DT 51242 212 6 car car NN 51242 212 7 is be VBZ 51242 212 8 gradually gradually RB 51242 212 9 overcome overcome VBN 51242 212 10 , , , 51242 212 11 the the DT 51242 212 12 speed speed NN 51242 212 13 of of IN 51242 212 14 rotation rotation NN 51242 212 15 of of IN 51242 212 16 the the DT 51242 212 17 motor motor NN 51242 212 18 increases increase NNS 51242 212 19 and and CC 51242 212 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 212 21 torque torque NN 51242 212 22 decreases decrease NNS 51242 212 23 , , , 51242 212 24 automatically automatically RB 51242 212 25 and and CC 51242 212 26 precisely precisely RB 51242 212 27 in in IN 51242 212 28 accordance accordance NN 51242 212 29 with with IN 51242 212 30 the the DT 51242 212 31 demands demand NNS 51242 212 32 of of IN 51242 212 33 the the DT 51242 212 34 case case NN 51242 212 35 . . . 51242 213 1 The the DT 51242 213 2 starting start VBG 51242 213 3 torque torque NN 51242 213 4 of of IN 51242 213 5 a a DT 51242 213 6 motor motor NN 51242 213 7 is be VBZ 51242 213 8 such such PDT 51242 213 9 an an DT 51242 213 10 emphatic emphatic JJ 51242 213 11 phenomenon phenomenon NN 51242 213 12 that that IN 51242 213 13 the the DT 51242 213 14 driver driver NN 51242 213 15 of of IN 51242 213 16 an an DT 51242 213 17 electric electric JJ 51242 213 18 car car NN 51242 213 19 may may MD 51242 213 20 , , , 51242 213 21 if if IN 51242 213 22 he -PRON- PRP 51242 213 23 is be VBZ 51242 213 24 careless careless JJ 51242 213 25 and and CC 51242 213 26 switches switch VBZ 51242 213 27 the the DT 51242 213 28 current current NN 51242 213 29 on on IN 51242 213 30 too too RB 51242 213 31 suddenly suddenly RB 51242 213 32 , , , 51242 213 33 jerk jerk NNP 51242 213 34 any any DT 51242 213 35 standing stand VBG 51242 213 36 passenger passenger NN 51242 213 37 off off IN 51242 213 38 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 213 39 feet foot NNS 51242 213 40 , , , 51242 213 41 even even RB 51242 213 42 though though IN 51242 213 43 the the DT 51242 213 44 total total JJ 51242 213 45 weight weight NN 51242 213 46 of of IN 51242 213 47 the the DT 51242 213 48 car car NN 51242 213 49 may may MD 51242 213 50 be be VB 51242 213 51 ten ten CD 51242 213 52 tons ton NNS 51242 213 53 or or CC 51242 213 54 more more JJR 51242 213 55 . . . 51242 214 1 Properly properly RB 51242 214 2 employed employ VBN 51242 214 3 , , , 51242 214 4 however however RB 51242 214 5 , , , 51242 214 6 the the DT 51242 214 7 electric electric JJ 51242 214 8 motor motor NN 51242 214 9 gives give VBZ 51242 214 10 an an DT 51242 214 11 even even JJ 51242 214 12 and and CC 51242 214 13 _ _ NNP 51242 214 14 rapid rapid JJ 51242 214 15 _ _ NNP 51242 214 16 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 214 17 . . . 51242 215 1 This this DT 51242 215 2 is be VBZ 51242 215 3 a a DT 51242 215 4 far far RB 51242 215 5 more more RBR 51242 215 6 important important JJ 51242 215 7 point point NN 51242 215 8 in in IN 51242 215 9 tramway tramway JJ 51242 215 10 economics economic NNS 51242 215 11 than than IN 51242 215 12 it -PRON- PRP 51242 215 13 appears appear VBZ 51242 215 14 to to TO 51242 215 15 be be VB 51242 215 16 at at IN 51242 215 17 first first JJ 51242 215 18 sight sight NN 51242 215 19 . . . 51242 216 1 The the DT 51242 216 2 superiority superiority NN 51242 216 3 of of IN 51242 216 4 the the DT 51242 216 5 electric electric JJ 51242 216 6 tramway tramway NN 51242 216 7 over over IN 51242 216 8 the the DT 51242 216 9 horse horse NN 51242 216 10 tramway tramway NN 51242 216 11 depends depend VBZ 51242 216 12 less less JJR 51242 216 13 upon upon IN 51242 216 14 higher high JJR 51242 216 15 speed speed NN 51242 216 16 than than IN 51242 216 17 upon upon IN 51242 216 18 the the DT 51242 216 19 fact fact NN 51242 216 20 that that IN 51242 216 21 less less JJR 51242 216 22 time time NN 51242 216 23 is be VBZ 51242 216 24 wasted waste VBN 51242 216 25 in in IN 51242 216 26 stopping stop VBG 51242 216 27 to to TO 51242 216 28 pick pick VB 51242 216 29 up up RP 51242 216 30 and and CC 51242 216 31 set set VB 51242 216 32 down down RP 51242 216 33 passengers passenger NNS 51242 216 34 . . . 51242 217 1 Time Time NNP 51242 217 2 is be VBZ 51242 217 3 the the DT 51242 217 4 vital vital JJ 51242 217 5 element element NN 51242 217 6 in in IN 51242 217 7 all all DT 51242 217 8 transport transport NN 51242 217 9 , , , 51242 217 10 and and CC 51242 217 11 it -PRON- PRP 51242 217 12 is be VBZ 51242 217 13 especially especially RB 51242 217 14 vital vital JJ 51242 217 15 in in IN 51242 217 16 connection connection NN 51242 217 17 with with IN 51242 217 18 tramways tramway NNS 51242 217 19 , , , 51242 217 20 which which WDT 51242 217 21 have have VBP 51242 217 22 to to TO 51242 217 23 stop stop VB 51242 217 24 with with IN 51242 217 25 great great JJ 51242 217 26 frequency frequency NN 51242 217 27 . . . 51242 218 1 If if IN 51242 218 2 the the DT 51242 218 3 time time NN 51242 218 4 which which WDT 51242 218 5 elapses elapse VBZ 51242 218 6 between between IN 51242 218 7 putting put VBG 51242 218 8 on on RP 51242 218 9 the the DT 51242 218 10 brakes brake NNS 51242 218 11 at at IN 51242 218 12 each each DT 51242 218 13 stop stop NN 51242 218 14 and and CC 51242 218 15 getting get VBG 51242 218 16 up up RP 51242 218 17 to to IN 51242 218 18 full full JJ 51242 218 19 speed speed NN 51242 218 20 again again RB 51242 218 21 can can MD 51242 218 22 be be VB 51242 218 23 materially materially RB 51242 218 24 shortened shorten VBN 51242 218 25 , , , 51242 218 26 then then RB 51242 218 27 the the DT 51242 218 28 average average JJ 51242 218 29 speed speed NN 51242 218 30 of of IN 51242 218 31 the the DT 51242 218 32 tramway tramway JJ 51242 218 33 journey journey NN 51242 218 34 can can MD 51242 218 35 be be VB 51242 218 36 materially materially RB 51242 218 37 raised raise VBN 51242 218 38 . . . 51242 219 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 219 2 is be VBZ 51242 219 3 easy easy JJ 51242 219 4 , , , 51242 219 5 by by IN 51242 219 6 means mean NNS 51242 219 7 of of IN 51242 219 8 powerful powerful JJ 51242 219 9 brakes brake NNS 51242 219 10 , , , 51242 219 11 to to TO 51242 219 12 bring bring VB 51242 219 13 a a DT 51242 219 14 car car NN 51242 219 15 to to TO 51242 219 16 rest rest VB 51242 219 17 quickly quickly RB 51242 219 18 ; ; : 51242 219 19 the the DT 51242 219 20 electric electric JJ 51242 219 21 motor motor NN 51242 219 22 enables enable VBZ 51242 219 23 speed speed NN 51242 219 24 to to TO 51242 219 25 be be VB 51242 219 26 regained regain VBN 51242 219 27 quickly quickly RB 51242 219 28 . . . 51242 220 1 In in IN 51242 220 2 this this DT 51242 220 3 way way NN 51242 220 4 a a DT 51242 220 5 high high JJ 51242 220 6 average average JJ 51242 220 7 speed speed NN 51242 220 8 may may MD 51242 220 9 be be VB 51242 220 10 maintained maintain VBN 51242 220 11 in in IN 51242 220 12 spite spite NN 51242 220 13 of of IN 51242 220 14 numerous numerous JJ 51242 220 15 stops stop NNS 51242 220 16 ; ; : 51242 220 17 and and CC 51242 220 18 , , , 51242 220 19 with with IN 51242 220 20 larger large JJR 51242 220 21 cars car NNS 51242 220 22 , , , 51242 220 23 the the DT 51242 220 24 electric electric JJ 51242 220 25 tramway tramway NN 51242 220 26 is be VBZ 51242 220 27 able able JJ 51242 220 28 to to TO 51242 220 29 handle handle VB 51242 220 30 a a DT 51242 220 31 larger large JJR 51242 220 32 volume volume NN 51242 220 33 of of IN 51242 220 34 traffic traffic NN 51242 220 35 in in IN 51242 220 36 a a DT 51242 220 37 shorter short JJR 51242 220 38 space space NN 51242 220 39 of of IN 51242 220 40 time time NN 51242 220 41 than than IN 51242 220 42 the the DT 51242 220 43 horse horse NN 51242 220 44 tramway tramway NN 51242 220 45 . . . 51242 221 1 The the DT 51242 221 2 time time NN 51242 221 3 lost lose VBD 51242 221 4 in in IN 51242 221 5 stopping stop VBG 51242 221 6 is be VBZ 51242 221 7 of of IN 51242 221 8 so so RB 51242 221 9 much much JJ 51242 221 10 consequence consequence NN 51242 221 11 that that IN 51242 221 12 , , , 51242 221 13 when when WRB 51242 221 14 electric electric JJ 51242 221 15 tramways tramway NNS 51242 221 16 were be VBD 51242 221 17 introduced introduce VBN 51242 221 18 , , , 51242 221 19 the the DT 51242 221 20 old old JJ 51242 221 21 custom custom NN 51242 221 22 of of IN 51242 221 23 stopping stop VBG 51242 221 24 the the DT 51242 221 25 cars car NNS 51242 221 26 at at IN 51242 221 27 any any DT 51242 221 28 desired desire VBN 51242 221 29 point point NN 51242 221 30 was be VBD 51242 221 31 abandoned abandon VBN 51242 221 32 . . . 51242 222 1 Stopping stop VBG 51242 222 2 places place NNS 51242 222 3 were be VBD 51242 222 4 arranged arrange VBN 51242 222 5 at at IN 51242 222 6 convenient convenient JJ 51242 222 7 points point NNS 51242 222 8 along along IN 51242 222 9 the the DT 51242 222 10 route route NN 51242 222 11 , , , 51242 222 12 some some DT 51242 222 13 of of IN 51242 222 14 them -PRON- PRP 51242 222 15 being be VBG 51242 222 16 regular regular JJ 51242 222 17 stops stop NNS 51242 222 18 and and CC 51242 222 19 others other NNS 51242 222 20 optional optional JJ 51242 222 21 at at IN 51242 222 22 a a DT 51242 222 23 signal signal NN 51242 222 24 from from IN 51242 222 25 passengers passenger NNS 51242 222 26 desiring desire VBG 51242 222 27 to to IN 51242 222 28 alight alight NN 51242 222 29 or or CC 51242 222 30 to to TO 51242 222 31 board board VB 51242 222 32 the the DT 51242 222 33 car car NN 51242 222 34 . . . 51242 223 1 The the DT 51242 223 2 public public NN 51242 223 3 soon soon RB 51242 223 4 got get VBD 51242 223 5 used use VBN 51242 223 6 to to IN 51242 223 7 walking walk VBG 51242 223 8 a a DT 51242 223 9 short short JJ 51242 223 10 distance distance NN 51242 223 11 to to IN 51242 223 12 a a DT 51242 223 13 stopping stopping NN 51242 223 14 place place NN 51242 223 15 , , , 51242 223 16 although although IN 51242 223 17 they -PRON- PRP 51242 223 18 did do VBD 51242 223 19 not not RB 51242 223 20 , , , 51242 223 21 perhaps perhaps RB 51242 223 22 , , , 51242 223 23 appreciate appreciate VBP 51242 223 24 how how WRB 51242 223 25 much much JJ 51242 223 26 the the DT 51242 223 27 collection collection NN 51242 223 28 of of IN 51242 223 29 traffic traffic NN 51242 223 30 at at IN 51242 223 31 a a DT 51242 223 32 reduced reduced JJ 51242 223 33 number number NN 51242 223 34 of of IN 51242 223 35 points point NNS 51242 223 36 tended tend VBD 51242 223 37 to to TO 51242 223 38 improve improve VB 51242 223 39 the the DT 51242 223 40 general general JJ 51242 223 41 tramway tramway NNP 51242 223 42 service service NN 51242 223 43 . . . 51242 224 1 A a DT 51242 224 2 high high JJ 51242 224 3 average average JJ 51242 224 4 speed speed NN 51242 224 5 with with IN 51242 224 6 numerous numerous JJ 51242 224 7 stops stop NNS 51242 224 8 was be VBD 51242 224 9 , , , 51242 224 10 however however RB 51242 224 11 , , , 51242 224 12 only only RB 51242 224 13 one one CD 51242 224 14 of of IN 51242 224 15 the the DT 51242 224 16 improvements improvement NNS 51242 224 17 which which WDT 51242 224 18 the the DT 51242 224 19 public public NN 51242 224 20 derived derive VBN 51242 224 21 from from IN 51242 224 22 electric electric JJ 51242 224 23 traction traction NN 51242 224 24 . . . 51242 225 1 Tramway tramway JJ 51242 225 2 passengers passenger NNS 51242 225 3 expect expect VBP 51242 225 4 to to TO 51242 225 5 find find VB 51242 225 6 a a DT 51242 225 7 car car NN 51242 225 8 not not RB 51242 225 9 only only RB 51242 225 10 at at IN 51242 225 11 a a DT 51242 225 12 convenient convenient JJ 51242 225 13 point point NN 51242 225 14 but but CC 51242 225 15 within within IN 51242 225 16 a a DT 51242 225 17 convenient convenient JJ 51242 225 18 period period NN 51242 225 19 of of IN 51242 225 20 waiting wait VBG 51242 225 21 . . . 51242 226 1 With with IN 51242 226 2 electric electric JJ 51242 226 3 traction traction NN 51242 226 4 the the DT 51242 226 5 service service NN 51242 226 6 became become VBD 51242 226 7 much much RB 51242 226 8 more more RBR 51242 226 9 frequent frequent JJ 51242 226 10 than than IN 51242 226 11 with with IN 51242 226 12 horse horse NN 51242 226 13 traction traction NN 51242 226 14 . . . 51242 227 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 227 2 is be VBZ 51242 227 3 quite quite RB 51242 227 4 possible possible JJ 51242 227 5 to to TO 51242 227 6 run run VB 51242 227 7 a a DT 51242 227 8 horse horse NN 51242 227 9 tramway tramway JJ 51242 227 10 service service NN 51242 227 11 profitably profitably RB 51242 227 12 with with IN 51242 227 13 cars car NNS 51242 227 14 at at IN 51242 227 15 intervals interval NNS 51242 227 16 of of IN 51242 227 17 fifteen fifteen CD 51242 227 18 to to TO 51242 227 19 thirty thirty CD 51242 227 20 minutes minute NNS 51242 227 21 , , , 51242 227 22 if if IN 51242 227 23 the the DT 51242 227 24 passengers passenger NNS 51242 227 25 are be VBP 51242 227 26 patient patient JJ 51242 227 27 enough enough RB 51242 227 28 to to TO 51242 227 29 wait wait VB 51242 227 30 and and CC 51242 227 31 fill fill VB 51242 227 32 each each DT 51242 227 33 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 227 34 . . . 51242 228 1 But but CC 51242 228 2 with with IN 51242 228 3 electric electric JJ 51242 228 4 traction traction NN 51242 228 5 the the DT 51242 228 6 main main JJ 51242 228 7 item item NN 51242 228 8 is be VBZ 51242 228 9 the the DT 51242 228 10 cost cost NN 51242 228 11 of of IN 51242 228 12 the the DT 51242 228 13 standing standing NN 51242 228 14 equipment equipment NN 51242 228 15 -- -- : 51242 228 16 the the DT 51242 228 17 power power NN 51242 228 18 house house NN 51242 228 19 , , , 51242 228 20 mains mains NNP 51242 228 21 , , , 51242 228 22 and and CC 51242 228 23 overhead overhead JJ 51242 228 24 lines line NNS 51242 228 25 -- -- : 51242 228 26 and and CC 51242 228 27 unless unless IN 51242 228 28 that that DT 51242 228 29 equipment equipment NN 51242 228 30 is be VBZ 51242 228 31 adequately adequately RB 51242 228 32 utilised utilise VBN 51242 228 33 the the DT 51242 228 34 revenue revenue NN 51242 228 35 will will MD 51242 228 36 not not RB 51242 228 37 cover cover VB 51242 228 38 the the DT 51242 228 39 standing stand VBG 51242 228 40 charges charge NNS 51242 228 41 . . . 51242 229 1 A a DT 51242 229 2 fifteen fifteen CD 51242 229 3 - - HYPH 51242 229 4 minute minute NN 51242 229 5 service service NN 51242 229 6 is be VBZ 51242 229 7 , , , 51242 229 8 generally generally RB 51242 229 9 speaking speak VBG 51242 229 10 , , , 51242 229 11 the the DT 51242 229 12 lowest low JJS 51242 229 13 economic economic JJ 51242 229 14 limit limit NN 51242 229 15 on on IN 51242 229 16 an an DT 51242 229 17 electric electric JJ 51242 229 18 tramway tramway NN 51242 229 19 . . . 51242 230 1 Every every DT 51242 230 2 tramway tramway JJ 51242 230 3 manager manager NN 51242 230 4 tries try VBZ 51242 230 5 to to TO 51242 230 6 attract attract VB 51242 230 7 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 230 8 passengers passenger NNS 51242 230 9 for for IN 51242 230 10 a a DT 51242 230 11 more more RBR 51242 230 12 frequent frequent JJ 51242 230 13 service service NN 51242 230 14 ; ; : 51242 230 15 and and CC 51242 230 16 , , , 51242 230 17 as as IN 51242 230 18 a a DT 51242 230 19 matter matter NN 51242 230 20 of of IN 51242 230 21 fact fact NN 51242 230 22 , , , 51242 230 23 it -PRON- PRP 51242 230 24 was be VBD 51242 230 25 found find VBN 51242 230 26 that that IN 51242 230 27 where where WRB 51242 230 28 there there EX 51242 230 29 was be VBD 51242 230 30 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 230 31 population population NN 51242 230 32 the the DT 51242 230 33 provision provision NN 51242 230 34 of of IN 51242 230 35 a a DT 51242 230 36 frequent frequent JJ 51242 230 37 and and CC 51242 230 38 rapid rapid JJ 51242 230 39 service service NN 51242 230 40 encouraged encourage VBD 51242 230 41 tramway tramway RB 51242 230 42 travelling travel VBG 51242 230 43 so so RB 51242 230 44 much much RB 51242 230 45 that that IN 51242 230 46 cars car NNS 51242 230 47 had have VBD 51242 230 48 to to TO 51242 230 49 be be VB 51242 230 50 run run VBN 51242 230 51 at at IN 51242 230 52 far far RB 51242 230 53 shorter short JJR 51242 230 54 intervals interval NNS 51242 230 55 than than IN 51242 230 56 had have VBD 51242 230 57 been be VBN 51242 230 58 customary customary JJ 51242 230 59 on on IN 51242 230 60 horse horse NN 51242 230 61 tramways tramway NNS 51242 230 62 . . . 51242 231 1 The the DT 51242 231 2 increase increase NN 51242 231 3 of of IN 51242 231 4 traffic traffic NN 51242 231 5 brought bring VBN 51242 231 6 with with IN 51242 231 7 it -PRON- PRP 51242 231 8 the the DT 51242 231 9 demand demand NN 51242 231 10 for for IN 51242 231 11 larger large JJR 51242 231 12 as as RB 51242 231 13 well well RB 51242 231 14 as as IN 51242 231 15 speedier speedy JJR 51242 231 16 cars car NNS 51242 231 17 with with IN 51242 231 18 a a DT 51242 231 19 shorter short JJR 51242 231 20 ' ' `` 51242 231 21 headway headway NN 51242 231 22 ' ' '' 51242 231 23 or or CC 51242 231 24 interval interval NN 51242 231 25 between between IN 51242 231 26 one one CD 51242 231 27 car car NN 51242 231 28 and and CC 51242 231 29 another another DT 51242 231 30 . . . 51242 232 1 The the DT 51242 232 2 capacity capacity NN 51242 232 3 of of IN 51242 232 4 a a DT 51242 232 5 horse horse NN 51242 232 6 car car NN 51242 232 7 is be VBZ 51242 232 8 limited limit VBN 51242 232 9 by by IN 51242 232 10 the the DT 51242 232 11 fact fact NN 51242 232 12 that that IN 51242 232 13 it -PRON- PRP 51242 232 14 is be VBZ 51242 232 15 not not RB 51242 232 16 convenient convenient JJ 51242 232 17 to to TO 51242 232 18 harness harness VB 51242 232 19 more more JJR 51242 232 20 than than IN 51242 232 21 two two CD 51242 232 22 horses horse NNS 51242 232 23 to to IN 51242 232 24 a a DT 51242 232 25 single single JJ 51242 232 26 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 232 27 . . . 51242 233 1 But but CC 51242 233 2 with with IN 51242 233 3 electric electric JJ 51242 233 4 cars car NNS 51242 233 5 there there EX 51242 233 6 is be VBZ 51242 233 7 no no DT 51242 233 8 extraneous extraneous JJ 51242 233 9 limitation limitation NN 51242 233 10 to to IN 51242 233 11 carrying carry VBG 51242 233 12 capacity capacity NN 51242 233 13 . . . 51242 234 1 Large large JJ 51242 234 2 double double JJ 51242 234 3 - - HYPH 51242 234 4 decked deck VBN 51242 234 5 cars car NNS 51242 234 6 with with IN 51242 234 7 seats seat NNS 51242 234 8 for for IN 51242 234 9 seventy seventy CD 51242 234 10 passengers passenger NNS 51242 234 11 are be VBP 51242 234 12 now now RB 51242 234 13 quite quite RB 51242 234 14 common common JJ 51242 234 15 . . . 51242 235 1 In in IN 51242 235 2 America America NNP 51242 235 3 it -PRON- PRP 51242 235 4 is be VBZ 51242 235 5 a a DT 51242 235 6 frequent frequent JJ 51242 235 7 practice practice NN 51242 235 8 to to TO 51242 235 9 attach attach VB 51242 235 10 ' ' `` 51242 235 11 trailers trailer NNS 51242 235 12 ' ' '' 51242 235 13 to to IN 51242 235 14 the the DT 51242 235 15 cars car NNS 51242 235 16 , , , 51242 235 17 making make VBG 51242 235 18 a a DT 51242 235 19 short short JJ 51242 235 20 tramway tramway JJ 51242 235 21 train train NN 51242 235 22 . . . 51242 236 1 Experiments experiment NNS 51242 236 2 have have VBP 51242 236 3 recently recently RB 51242 236 4 been be VBN 51242 236 5 arranged arrange VBN 51242 236 6 on on IN 51242 236 7 similar similar JJ 51242 236 8 lines line NNS 51242 236 9 in in IN 51242 236 10 London London NNP 51242 236 11 , , , 51242 236 12 for for IN 51242 236 13 the the DT 51242 236 14 handling handling NN 51242 236 15 of of IN 51242 236 16 the the DT 51242 236 17 heavy heavy JJ 51242 236 18 traffic traffic NN 51242 236 19 at at IN 51242 236 20 rush rush NN 51242 236 21 hours hour NNS 51242 236 22 . . . 51242 237 1 These these DT 51242 237 2 instances instance NNS 51242 237 3 show show VBP 51242 237 4 that that IN 51242 237 5 electric electric JJ 51242 237 6 tramway tramway JJ 51242 237 7 capacity capacity NN 51242 237 8 is be VBZ 51242 237 9 flexible flexible JJ 51242 237 10 and and CC 51242 237 11 may may MD 51242 237 12 be be VB 51242 237 13 adjusted adjust VBN 51242 237 14 to to IN 51242 237 15 the the DT 51242 237 16 density density NN 51242 237 17 and and CC 51242 237 18 the the DT 51242 237 19 fluctuating fluctuate VBG 51242 237 20 character character NN 51242 237 21 of of IN 51242 237 22 the the DT 51242 237 23 demand demand NN 51242 237 24 . . . 51242 238 1 Finally finally RB 51242 238 2 , , , 51242 238 3 it -PRON- PRP 51242 238 4 falls fall VBZ 51242 238 5 to to TO 51242 238 6 be be VB 51242 238 7 noted note VBN 51242 238 8 that that IN 51242 238 9 the the DT 51242 238 10 power power NN 51242 238 11 consumed consume VBN 51242 238 12 by by IN 51242 238 13 a a DT 51242 238 14 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 238 15 is be VBZ 51242 238 16 , , , 51242 238 17 roughly roughly RB 51242 238 18 , , , 51242 238 19 proportional proportional JJ 51242 238 20 to to IN 51242 238 21 the the DT 51242 238 22 useful useful JJ 51242 238 23 work work NN 51242 238 24 which which WDT 51242 238 25 the the DT 51242 238 26 car car NN 51242 238 27 performs perform VBZ 51242 238 28 . . . 51242 239 1 As as IN 51242 239 2 already already RB 51242 239 3 mentioned mention VBN 51242 239 4 , , , 51242 239 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 239 6 costs cost VBZ 51242 239 7 about about IN 51242 239 8 as as RB 51242 239 9 much much JJ 51242 239 10 to to TO 51242 239 11 work work VB 51242 239 12 a a DT 51242 239 13 horse horse NN 51242 239 14 tramway tramway NN 51242 239 15 when when WRB 51242 239 16 the the DT 51242 239 17 cars car NNS 51242 239 18 are be VBP 51242 239 19 empty empty JJ 51242 239 20 as as IN 51242 239 21 when when WRB 51242 239 22 they -PRON- PRP 51242 239 23 are be VBP 51242 239 24 full full JJ 51242 239 25 , , , 51242 239 26 since since IN 51242 239 27 the the DT 51242 239 28 main main JJ 51242 239 29 item item NN 51242 239 30 is be VBZ 51242 239 31 the the DT 51242 239 32 maintenance maintenance NN 51242 239 33 of of IN 51242 239 34 the the DT 51242 239 35 ' ' `` 51242 239 36 vital vital JJ 51242 239 37 principle principle NN 51242 239 38 ' ' '' 51242 239 39 of of IN 51242 239 40 a a DT 51242 239 41 certain certain JJ 51242 239 42 number number NN 51242 239 43 of of IN 51242 239 44 horses horse NNS 51242 239 45 independently independently RB 51242 239 46 of of IN 51242 239 47 the the DT 51242 239 48 traffic traffic NN 51242 239 49 . . . 51242 240 1 But but CC 51242 240 2 with with IN 51242 240 3 electric electric JJ 51242 240 4 traction traction NN 51242 240 5 the the DT 51242 240 6 motors motor NNS 51242 240 7 require require VBP 51242 240 8 less less JJR 51242 240 9 power power NN 51242 240 10 when when WRB 51242 240 11 the the DT 51242 240 12 cars car NNS 51242 240 13 are be VBP 51242 240 14 running run VBG 51242 240 15 light light NN 51242 240 16 . . . 51242 241 1 And and CC 51242 241 2 less less RBR 51242 241 3 current current JJ 51242 241 4 for for IN 51242 241 5 the the DT 51242 241 6 motors motor NNS 51242 241 7 means mean VBZ 51242 241 8 less less RBR 51242 241 9 current current JJ 51242 241 10 generated generate VBN 51242 241 11 at at IN 51242 241 12 the the DT 51242 241 13 power power NN 51242 241 14 station station NN 51242 241 15 -- -- : 51242 241 16 that that DT 51242 241 17 is be VBZ 51242 241 18 to to TO 51242 241 19 say say VB 51242 241 20 , , , 51242 241 21 less less RBR 51242 241 22 steam steam NN 51242 241 23 , , , 51242 241 24 less less JJR 51242 241 25 oil oil NN 51242 241 26 , , , 51242 241 27 less less JJR 51242 241 28 coal coal NN 51242 241 29 , , , 51242 241 30 less less RBR 51242 241 31 wear wear NN 51242 241 32 and and CC 51242 241 33 tear tear NN 51242 241 34 . . . 51242 242 1 If if IN 51242 242 2 more more JJR 51242 242 3 current current JJ 51242 242 4 is be VBZ 51242 242 5 demanded demand VBN 51242 242 6 , , , 51242 242 7 it -PRON- PRP 51242 242 8 is be VBZ 51242 242 9 because because IN 51242 242 10 more more JJR 51242 242 11 passengers passenger NNS 51242 242 12 are be VBP 51242 242 13 being be VBG 51242 242 14 carried carry VBN 51242 242 15 and and CC 51242 242 16 more more JJR 51242 242 17 revenue revenue NN 51242 242 18 earned earn VBN 51242 242 19 . . . 51242 243 1 Reviewing review VBG 51242 243 2 the the DT 51242 243 3 subject subject NN 51242 243 4 broadly broadly RB 51242 243 5 , , , 51242 243 6 it -PRON- PRP 51242 243 7 is be VBZ 51242 243 8 apparent apparent JJ 51242 243 9 that that IN 51242 243 10 the the DT 51242 243 11 adoption adoption NN 51242 243 12 of of IN 51242 243 13 electric electric JJ 51242 243 14 traction traction NN 51242 243 15 on on IN 51242 243 16 a a DT 51242 243 17 tramway tramway NN 51242 243 18 is be VBZ 51242 243 19 not not RB 51242 243 20 so so RB 51242 243 21 much much RB 51242 243 22 a a DT 51242 243 23 step step NN 51242 243 24 in in IN 51242 243 25 advance advance NN 51242 243 26 as as IN 51242 243 27 a a DT 51242 243 28 beneficent beneficent JJ 51242 243 29 revolution revolution NN 51242 243 30 . . . 51242 244 1 The the DT 51242 244 2 higher high JJR 51242 244 3 speeds speed NNS 51242 244 4 with with IN 51242 244 5 more more JJR 51242 244 6 frequent frequent JJ 51242 244 7 , , , 51242 244 8 more more RBR 51242 244 9 comfortable comfortable JJ 51242 244 10 , , , 51242 244 11 and and CC 51242 244 12 more more RBR 51242 244 13 commodious commodious JJ 51242 244 14 cars car NNS 51242 244 15 have have VBP 51242 244 16 created create VBN 51242 244 17 a a DT 51242 244 18 volume volume NN 51242 244 19 of of IN 51242 244 20 traffic traffic NN 51242 244 21 far far RB 51242 244 22 beyond beyond IN 51242 244 23 what what WP 51242 244 24 could could MD 51242 244 25 have have VB 51242 244 26 been be VBN 51242 244 27 handled handle VBN 51242 244 28 with with IN 51242 244 29 horse horse NN 51242 244 30 traction traction NN 51242 244 31 . . . 51242 245 1 The the DT 51242 245 2 change change NN 51242 245 3 also also RB 51242 245 4 led lead VBD 51242 245 5 to to IN 51242 245 6 a a DT 51242 245 7 great great JJ 51242 245 8 increase increase NN 51242 245 9 in in IN 51242 245 10 the the DT 51242 245 11 length length NN 51242 245 12 of of IN 51242 245 13 tramway tramway NN 51242 245 14 routes route NNS 51242 245 15 and and CC 51242 245 16 to to IN 51242 245 17 the the DT 51242 245 18 construction construction NN 51242 245 19 of of IN 51242 245 20 new new JJ 51242 245 21 tramway tramway JJ 51242 245 22 systems system NNS 51242 245 23 . . . 51242 246 1 In in IN 51242 246 2 1898 1898 CD 51242 246 3 , , , 51242 246 4 when when WRB 51242 246 5 the the DT 51242 246 6 electric electric JJ 51242 246 7 tramway tramway JJ 51242 246 8 movement movement NN 51242 246 9 began begin VBD 51242 246 10 in in IN 51242 246 11 earnest earnest JJ 51242 246 12 , , , 51242 246 13 there there EX 51242 246 14 were be VBD 51242 246 15 1064 1064 CD 51242 246 16 miles mile NNS 51242 246 17 of of IN 51242 246 18 tramway tramway NN 51242 246 19 in in IN 51242 246 20 the the DT 51242 246 21 United United NNP 51242 246 22 Kingdom Kingdom NNP 51242 246 23 . . . 51242 247 1 Now now RB 51242 247 2 there there EX 51242 247 3 are be VBP 51242 247 4 2562 2562 CD 51242 247 5 miles mile NNS 51242 247 6 , , , 51242 247 7 and and CC 51242 247 8 the the DT 51242 247 9 number number NN 51242 247 10 of of IN 51242 247 11 tramway tramway JJ 51242 247 12 passengers passenger NNS 51242 247 13 is be VBZ 51242 247 14 more more JJR 51242 247 15 than than IN 51242 247 16 double double JJ 51242 247 17 the the DT 51242 247 18 total total NN 51242 247 19 of of IN 51242 247 20 third third JJ 51242 247 21 class class NN 51242 247 22 passengers passenger NNS 51242 247 23 on on IN 51242 247 24 the the DT 51242 247 25 whole whole JJ 51242 247 26 system system NN 51242 247 27 of of IN 51242 247 28 British british JJ 51242 247 29 railways railway NNS 51242 247 30 . . . 51242 248 1 The the DT 51242 248 2 number number NN 51242 248 3 of of IN 51242 248 4 tramway tramway JJ 51242 248 5 passengers passenger NNS 51242 248 6 carried carry VBN 51242 248 7 during during IN 51242 248 8 1909 1909 CD 51242 248 9 - - SYM 51242 248 10 10 10 CD 51242 248 11 ( ( -LRB- 51242 248 12 the the DT 51242 248 13 last last JJ 51242 248 14 period period NN 51242 248 15 covered cover VBN 51242 248 16 by by IN 51242 248 17 the the DT 51242 248 18 published publish VBN 51242 248 19 official official JJ 51242 248 20 returns return NNS 51242 248 21 ) ) -RRB- 51242 248 22 was be VBD 51242 248 23 equal equal JJ 51242 248 24 to to IN 51242 248 25 about about RB 51242 248 26 62 62 CD 51242 248 27 times time NNS 51242 248 28 the the DT 51242 248 29 estimated estimate VBN 51242 248 30 population population NN 51242 248 31 of of IN 51242 248 32 the the DT 51242 248 33 United United NNP 51242 248 34 Kingdom Kingdom NNP 51242 248 35 . . . 51242 249 1 While while IN 51242 249 2 the the DT 51242 249 3 traffic traffic NN 51242 249 4 has have VBZ 51242 249 5 multiplied multiply VBN 51242 249 6 in in IN 51242 249 7 this this DT 51242 249 8 remarkable remarkable JJ 51242 249 9 fashion fashion NN 51242 249 10 , , , 51242 249 11 there there EX 51242 249 12 has have VBZ 51242 249 13 been be VBN 51242 249 14 a a DT 51242 249 15 heavy heavy JJ 51242 249 16 reduction reduction NN 51242 249 17 in in IN 51242 249 18 the the DT 51242 249 19 fares fare NNS 51242 249 20 charged charge VBN 51242 249 21 . . . 51242 250 1 This this DT 51242 250 2 has have VBZ 51242 250 3 been be VBN 51242 250 4 made make VBN 51242 250 5 possible possible JJ 51242 250 6 by by IN 51242 250 7 the the DT 51242 250 8 economical economical JJ 51242 250 9 features feature NNS 51242 250 10 of of IN 51242 250 11 electric electric JJ 51242 250 12 traction traction NN 51242 250 13 . . . 51242 251 1 In in IN 51242 251 2 the the DT 51242 251 3 old old JJ 51242 251 4 days day NNS 51242 251 5 a a DT 51242 251 6 horse horse NN 51242 251 7 tramway tramway NN 51242 251 8 had have VBD 51242 251 9 to to TO 51242 251 10 spend spend VB 51242 251 11 about about IN 51242 251 12 £80 £80 NNP 51242 251 13 to to TO 51242 251 14 earn earn VB 51242 251 15 £100 £100 NNS 51242 251 16 ; ; : 51242 251 17 an an DT 51242 251 18 electric electric JJ 51242 251 19 tramway tramway NN 51242 251 20 need need NN 51242 251 21 spend spend VB 51242 251 22 only only RB 51242 251 23 about about IN 51242 251 24 £60 £60 NNP 51242 251 25 . . . 51242 252 1 With with IN 51242 252 2 this this DT 51242 252 3 reduction reduction NN 51242 252 4 in in IN 51242 252 5 the the DT 51242 252 6 proportion proportion NN 51242 252 7 of of IN 51242 252 8 expenses expense NNS 51242 252 9 to to IN 51242 252 10 receipts receipt NNS 51242 252 11 , , , 51242 252 12 and and CC 51242 252 13 with with IN 51242 252 14 the the DT 51242 252 15 greater great JJR 51242 252 16 volume volume NN 51242 252 17 of of IN 51242 252 18 business business NN 51242 252 19 , , , 51242 252 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 252 21 became become VBD 51242 252 22 feasible feasible JJ 51242 252 23 to to TO 51242 252 24 stimulate stimulate VB 51242 252 25 traffic traffic NN 51242 252 26 still still RB 51242 252 27 further further RB 51242 252 28 by by IN 51242 252 29 giving give VBG 51242 252 30 passengers passenger NNS 51242 252 31 much much RB 51242 252 32 longer long JJR 51242 252 33 distances distance NNS 51242 252 34 for for IN 51242 252 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 252 36 money money NN 51242 252 37 . . . 51242 253 1 In in IN 51242 253 2 fact fact NN 51242 253 3 , , , 51242 253 4 electric electric JJ 51242 253 5 traction traction NN 51242 253 6 proved prove VBD 51242 253 7 so so RB 51242 253 8 economical economical JJ 51242 253 9 that that IN 51242 253 10 people people NNS 51242 253 11 began begin VBD 51242 253 12 to to TO 51242 253 13 imagine imagine VB 51242 253 14 that that IN 51242 253 15 there there EX 51242 253 16 was be VBD 51242 253 17 no no DT 51242 253 18 limit limit NN 51242 253 19 to to IN 51242 253 20 the the DT 51242 253 21 reductions reduction NNS 51242 253 22 which which WDT 51242 253 23 might may MD 51242 253 24 be be VB 51242 253 25 made make VBN 51242 253 26 with with IN 51242 253 27 financial financial JJ 51242 253 28 safety safety NN 51242 253 29 . . . 51242 254 1 However however RB 51242 254 2 , , , 51242 254 3 there there EX 51242 254 4 is be VBZ 51242 254 5 plenty plenty NN 51242 254 6 of of IN 51242 254 7 evidence evidence NN 51242 254 8 that that IN 51242 254 9 a a DT 51242 254 10 limit limit NN 51242 254 11 exists exist VBZ 51242 254 12 . . . 51242 255 1 In in IN 51242 255 2 many many JJ 51242 255 3 cases case NNS 51242 255 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 255 5 has have VBZ 51242 255 6 been be VBN 51242 255 7 touched touch VBN 51242 255 8 , , , 51242 255 9 if if IN 51242 255 10 not not RB 51242 255 11 passed pass VBN 51242 255 12 , , , 51242 255 13 but but CC 51242 255 14 the the DT 51242 255 15 public public NN 51242 255 16 continues continue VBZ 51242 255 17 to to TO 51242 255 18 clamour clamour VB 51242 255 19 for for IN 51242 255 20 all all DT 51242 255 21 sorts sort NNS 51242 255 22 of of IN 51242 255 23 concessions concession NNS 51242 255 24 . . . 51242 256 1 These these DT 51242 256 2 demands demand NNS 51242 256 3 are be VBP 51242 256 4 a a DT 51242 256 5 great great JJ 51242 256 6 compliment compliment NN 51242 256 7 to to IN 51242 256 8 electric electric JJ 51242 256 9 traction traction NN 51242 256 10 , , , 51242 256 11 but but CC 51242 256 12 they -PRON- PRP 51242 256 13 are be VBP 51242 256 14 a a DT 51242 256 15 decided decide VBN 51242 256 16 embarrassment embarrassment NN 51242 256 17 to to IN 51242 256 18 the the DT 51242 256 19 tramway tramway JJ 51242 256 20 manager manager NN 51242 256 21 who who WP 51242 256 22 believes believe VBZ 51242 256 23 in in IN 51242 256 24 a a DT 51242 256 25 reasonable reasonable JJ 51242 256 26 margin margin NN 51242 256 27 between between IN 51242 256 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 256 29 total total JJ 51242 256 30 expenses expense NNS 51242 256 31 and and CC 51242 256 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 256 33 total total JJ 51242 256 34 revenue revenue NN 51242 256 35 . . . 51242 257 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 257 2 V V NNP 51242 257 3 THE the DT 51242 257 4 MECHANISM mechanism NN 51242 257 5 OF of IN 51242 257 6 AN an DT 51242 257 7 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 257 8 TRAMCAR TRAMCAR VBN 51242 257 9 : : : 51242 257 10 THE the DT 51242 257 11 OVERHEAD OVERHEAD NNP 51242 257 12 SYSTEM system NN 51242 257 13 A a DT 51242 257 14 rough rough JJ 51242 257 15 idea idea NN 51242 257 16 has have VBZ 51242 257 17 already already RB 51242 257 18 been be VBN 51242 257 19 given give VBN 51242 257 20 of of IN 51242 257 21 the the DT 51242 257 22 elementary elementary JJ 51242 257 23 mechanism mechanism NN 51242 257 24 of of IN 51242 257 25 electric electric JJ 51242 257 26 traction traction NN 51242 257 27 -- -- : 51242 257 28 the the DT 51242 257 29 combination combination NN 51242 257 30 of of IN 51242 257 31 generating generate VBG 51242 257 32 station station NN 51242 257 33 , , , 51242 257 34 of of IN 51242 257 35 cars car NNS 51242 257 36 fitted fit VBN 51242 257 37 with with IN 51242 257 38 electric electric JJ 51242 257 39 motors motor NNS 51242 257 40 , , , 51242 257 41 and and CC 51242 257 42 of of IN 51242 257 43 a a DT 51242 257 44 sliding slide VBG 51242 257 45 contact contact NN 51242 257 46 between between IN 51242 257 47 the the DT 51242 257 48 two two CD 51242 257 49 . . . 51242 258 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 258 2 is be VBZ 51242 258 3 in in IN 51242 258 4 connection connection NN 51242 258 5 with with IN 51242 258 6 the the DT 51242 258 7 sliding slide VBG 51242 258 8 contact contact NN 51242 258 9 that that IN 51242 258 10 the the DT 51242 258 11 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 258 12 of of IN 51242 258 13 tramway tramway JJ 51242 258 14 engineers engineer NNS 51242 258 15 has have VBZ 51242 258 16 been be VBN 51242 258 17 mainly mainly RB 51242 258 18 exercised exercise VBN 51242 258 19 . . . 51242 259 1 Three three CD 51242 259 2 distinct distinct JJ 51242 259 3 solutions solution NNS 51242 259 4 were be VBD 51242 259 5 evolved evolve VBN 51242 259 6 for for IN 51242 259 7 tramway tramway JJ 51242 259 8 work work NN 51242 259 9 , , , 51242 259 10 giving give VBG 51242 259 11 rise rise NN 51242 259 12 to to IN 51242 259 13 three three CD 51242 259 14 systems--(1 systems--(1 LS 51242 259 15 ) ) -RRB- 51242 259 16 the the DT 51242 259 17 overhead overhead NN 51242 259 18 or or CC 51242 259 19 trolley trolley NN 51242 259 20 system system NN 51242 259 21 ; ; : 51242 259 22 ( ( -LRB- 51242 259 23 2 2 LS 51242 259 24 ) ) -RRB- 51242 259 25 the the DT 51242 259 26 conduit conduit NN 51242 259 27 system system NN 51242 259 28 ; ; : 51242 259 29 and and CC 51242 259 30 ( ( -LRB- 51242 259 31 3 3 LS 51242 259 32 ) ) -RRB- 51242 259 33 the the DT 51242 259 34 surface surface NN 51242 259 35 - - HYPH 51242 259 36 contact contact NN 51242 259 37 system system NN 51242 259 38 . . . 51242 260 1 The the DT 51242 260 2 first first JJ 51242 260 3 system system NN 51242 260 4 is be VBZ 51242 260 5 now now RB 51242 260 6 almost almost RB 51242 260 7 universal universal JJ 51242 260 8 in in IN 51242 260 9 the the DT 51242 260 10 United United NNP 51242 260 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP 51242 260 12 . . . 51242 261 1 Part part NN 51242 261 2 of of IN 51242 261 3 the the DT 51242 261 4 London London NNP 51242 261 5 system system NN 51242 261 6 is be VBZ 51242 261 7 equipped equip VBN 51242 261 8 on on IN 51242 261 9 the the DT 51242 261 10 conduit conduit NN 51242 261 11 system system NN 51242 261 12 ; ; : 51242 261 13 and and CC 51242 261 14 the the DT 51242 261 15 tramways tramway NNS 51242 261 16 at at IN 51242 261 17 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 51242 261 18 and and CC 51242 261 19 Wolverhampton Wolverhampton NNP 51242 261 20 are be VBP 51242 261 21 constructed construct VBN 51242 261 22 on on IN 51242 261 23 the the DT 51242 261 24 surface surface NN 51242 261 25 - - HYPH 51242 261 26 contact contact NN 51242 261 27 system system NN 51242 261 28 . . . 51242 262 1 Beyond beyond IN 51242 262 2 these these DT 51242 262 3 cases case NNS 51242 262 4 the the DT 51242 262 5 trolley trolley NN 51242 262 6 holds hold VBZ 51242 262 7 the the DT 51242 262 8 field field NN 51242 262 9 . . . 51242 263 1 In in IN 51242 263 2 the the DT 51242 263 3 United United NNP 51242 263 4 States States NNP 51242 263 5 and and CC 51242 263 6 on on IN 51242 263 7 the the DT 51242 263 8 Continent continent NN 51242 263 9 there there EX 51242 263 10 is be VBZ 51242 263 11 a a DT 51242 263 12 larger large JJR 51242 263 13 proportion proportion NN 51242 263 14 of of IN 51242 263 15 conduit conduit NN 51242 263 16 work work NN 51242 263 17 , , , 51242 263 18 but but CC 51242 263 19 from from IN 51242 263 20 a a DT 51242 263 21 practical practical JJ 51242 263 22 point point NN 51242 263 23 of of IN 51242 263 24 view view NN 51242 263 25 it -PRON- PRP 51242 263 26 would would MD 51242 263 27 hardly hardly RB 51242 263 28 be be VB 51242 263 29 necessary necessary JJ 51242 263 30 to to TO 51242 263 31 mention mention VB 51242 263 32 either either DT 51242 263 33 conduit conduit NN 51242 263 34 or or CC 51242 263 35 surface surface NN 51242 263 36 - - HYPH 51242 263 37 contact contact NN 51242 263 38 if if IN 51242 263 39 it -PRON- PRP 51242 263 40 were be VBD 51242 263 41 not not RB 51242 263 42 for for IN 51242 263 43 the the DT 51242 263 44 great great JJ 51242 263 45 engineering engineering NN 51242 263 46 interest interest NN 51242 263 47 which which WDT 51242 263 48 they -PRON- PRP 51242 263 49 possess possess VBP 51242 263 50 and and CC 51242 263 51 for for IN 51242 263 52 the the DT 51242 263 53 controversies controversy NNS 51242 263 54 to to TO 51242 263 55 which which WDT 51242 263 56 they -PRON- PRP 51242 263 57 have have VBP 51242 263 58 given give VBN 51242 263 59 rise rise NN 51242 263 60 . . . 51242 264 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 264 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 264 3 : : : 51242 264 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 264 5 . . . 51242 265 1 3 3 LS 51242 265 2 . . . 51242 266 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 51242 266 2 illustration illustration NN 51242 266 3 of of IN 51242 266 4 the the DT 51242 266 5 general general JJ 51242 266 6 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 266 7 of of IN 51242 266 8 an an DT 51242 266 9 electric electric JJ 51242 266 10 tramway tramway NN 51242 266 11 on on IN 51242 266 12 the the DT 51242 266 13 overhead overhead JJ 51242 266 14 system system NN 51242 266 15 . . . 51242 267 1 At at IN 51242 267 2 the the DT 51242 267 3 foot foot NN 51242 267 4 is be VBZ 51242 267 5 shown show VBN 51242 267 6 the the DT 51242 267 7 generating generating NN 51242 267 8 station station NN 51242 267 9 which which WDT 51242 267 10 supplies supply VBZ 51242 267 11 alternating alternate VBG 51242 267 12 current current NN 51242 267 13 at at IN 51242 267 14 high high JJ 51242 267 15 - - HYPH 51242 267 16 pressure pressure NN 51242 267 17 ( ( -LRB- 51242 267 18 for for IN 51242 267 19 economy economy NN 51242 267 20 in in IN 51242 267 21 transmission transmission NN 51242 267 22 ) ) -RRB- 51242 267 23 to to IN 51242 267 24 a a DT 51242 267 25 sub sub NN 51242 267 26 - - NN 51242 267 27 station station NN 51242 267 28 where where WRB 51242 267 29 it -PRON- PRP 51242 267 30 is be VBZ 51242 267 31 ' ' `` 51242 267 32 transformed transform VBN 51242 267 33 ' ' '' 51242 267 34 to to IN 51242 267 35 low low JJ 51242 267 36 pressure pressure NN 51242 267 37 and and CC 51242 267 38 ' ' `` 51242 267 39 converted convert VBN 51242 267 40 ' ' '' 51242 267 41 in in IN 51242 267 42 a a DT 51242 267 43 motor motor NN 51242 267 44 - - HYPH 51242 267 45 generator generator NN 51242 267 46 to to IN 51242 267 47 continuous continuous JJ 51242 267 48 current current NN 51242 267 49 for for IN 51242 267 50 distribution distribution NN 51242 267 51 to to IN 51242 267 52 the the DT 51242 267 53 trolley trolley NN 51242 267 54 wire wire NN 51242 267 55 from from IN 51242 267 56 which which WDT 51242 267 57 each each DT 51242 267 58 car car NN 51242 267 59 takes take VBZ 51242 267 60 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 267 61 current current NN 51242 267 62 . . . 51242 268 1 The the DT 51242 268 2 course course NN 51242 268 3 of of IN 51242 268 4 the the DT 51242 268 5 current current NN 51242 268 6 through through IN 51242 268 7 the the DT 51242 268 8 trolley trolley NN 51242 268 9 pole pole NNP 51242 268 10 and and CC 51242 268 11 controller controller NNP 51242 268 12 and and CC 51242 268 13 thence thence NNP 51242 268 14 to to IN 51242 268 15 the the DT 51242 268 16 motors motor NNS 51242 268 17 and and CC 51242 268 18 back back RB 51242 268 19 by by IN 51242 268 20 the the DT 51242 268 21 rails rail NNS 51242 268 22 is be VBZ 51242 268 23 indicated indicate VBN 51242 268 24 by by IN 51242 268 25 arrows arrow NNS 51242 268 26 . . . 51242 268 27 ] ] -RRB- 51242 269 1 The the DT 51242 269 2 overhead overhead JJ 51242 269 3 system system NN 51242 269 4 has have VBZ 51242 269 5 conquered conquer VBN 51242 269 6 because because IN 51242 269 7 it -PRON- PRP 51242 269 8 is be VBZ 51242 269 9 cheapest cheap JJS 51242 269 10 in in IN 51242 269 11 first first JJ 51242 269 12 cost cost NN 51242 269 13 , , , 51242 269 14 cheapest cheap JJS 51242 269 15 to to TO 51242 269 16 maintain maintain VB 51242 269 17 , , , 51242 269 18 most most RBS 51242 269 19 economical economical JJ 51242 269 20 in in IN 51242 269 21 current current NN 51242 269 22 , , , 51242 269 23 and and CC 51242 269 24 most most RBS 51242 269 25 reliable reliable JJ 51242 269 26 in in IN 51242 269 27 action action NN 51242 269 28 . . . 51242 270 1 Later later JJ 51242 270 2 developments development NNS 51242 270 3 in in IN 51242 270 4 surface surface NN 51242 270 5 - - HYPH 51242 270 6 contact contact NN 51242 270 7 traction traction NN 51242 270 8 have have VBP 51242 270 9 run run VBN 51242 270 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 270 11 very very RB 51242 270 12 close close RB 51242 270 13 on on IN 51242 270 14 some some DT 51242 270 15 of of IN 51242 270 16 these these DT 51242 270 17 points point NNS 51242 270 18 , , , 51242 270 19 but but CC 51242 270 20 have have VBP 51242 270 21 not not RB 51242 270 22 -- -- : 51242 270 23 for for IN 51242 270 24 reasons reason NNS 51242 270 25 which which WDT 51242 270 26 will will MD 51242 270 27 be be VB 51242 270 28 explained explain VBN 51242 270 29 -- -- : 51242 270 30 affected affect VBN 51242 270 31 the the DT 51242 270 32 established established JJ 51242 270 33 position position NN 51242 270 34 of of IN 51242 270 35 the the DT 51242 270 36 overhead overhead JJ 51242 270 37 system system NN 51242 270 38 . . . 51242 271 1 In in IN 51242 271 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 271 3 essential essential JJ 51242 271 4 features feature VBZ 51242 271 5 the the DT 51242 271 6 overhead overhead JJ 51242 271 7 system system NN 51242 271 8 has have VBZ 51242 271 9 not not RB 51242 271 10 altered alter VBN 51242 271 11 very very RB 51242 271 12 much much RB 51242 271 13 from from IN 51242 271 14 the the DT 51242 271 15 experimental experimental JJ 51242 271 16 line line NN 51242 271 17 erected erect VBN 51242 271 18 at at IN 51242 271 19 the the DT 51242 271 20 Paris Paris NNP 51242 271 21 Exhibition Exhibition NNP 51242 271 22 of of IN 51242 271 23 1881 1881 CD 51242 271 24 . . . 51242 272 1 The the DT 51242 272 2 slotted slotted JJ 51242 272 3 tube tube NN 51242 272 4 has have VBZ 51242 272 5 been be VBN 51242 272 6 replaced replace VBN 51242 272 7 by by IN 51242 272 8 a a DT 51242 272 9 solid solid JJ 51242 272 10 copper copper NN 51242 272 11 wire wire NN 51242 272 12 ; ; : 51242 272 13 and and CC 51242 272 14 the the DT 51242 272 15 ' ' `` 51242 272 16 boat boat NN 51242 272 17 ' ' '' 51242 272 18 sliding slide VBG 51242 272 19 within within IN 51242 272 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 272 21 has have VBZ 51242 272 22 been be VBN 51242 272 23 replaced replace VBN 51242 272 24 by by IN 51242 272 25 a a DT 51242 272 26 wheel wheel NN 51242 272 27 or or CC 51242 272 28 a a DT 51242 272 29 bow bow NN 51242 272 30 pressed press VBN 51242 272 31 against against IN 51242 272 32 the the DT 51242 272 33 lower low JJR 51242 272 34 side side NN 51242 272 35 of of IN 51242 272 36 the the DT 51242 272 37 wire wire NN 51242 272 38 by by IN 51242 272 39 means mean NNS 51242 272 40 of of IN 51242 272 41 a a DT 51242 272 42 pivoted pivoted JJ 51242 272 43 arm arm NN 51242 272 44 controlled control VBN 51242 272 45 by by IN 51242 272 46 springs spring NNS 51242 272 47 . . . 51242 273 1 The the DT 51242 273 2 sliding slide VBG 51242 273 3 bow bow NN 51242 273 4 is be VBZ 51242 273 5 common common JJ 51242 273 6 on on IN 51242 273 7 the the DT 51242 273 8 Continent continent NN 51242 273 9 , , , 51242 273 10 but but CC 51242 273 11 it -PRON- PRP 51242 273 12 has have VBZ 51242 273 13 been be VBN 51242 273 14 adopted adopt VBN 51242 273 15 on on IN 51242 273 16 only only RB 51242 273 17 one one CD 51242 273 18 British british JJ 51242 273 19 tramway tramway NN 51242 273 20 -- -- : 51242 273 21 that that IN 51242 273 22 at at IN 51242 273 23 Sheerness Sheerness NNP 51242 273 24 . . . 51242 274 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 274 2 use use NN 51242 274 3 for for IN 51242 274 4 electric electric JJ 51242 274 5 traction traction NN 51242 274 6 on on IN 51242 274 7 railways railway NNS 51242 274 8 will will MD 51242 274 9 be be VB 51242 274 10 mentioned mention VBN 51242 274 11 later later RB 51242 274 12 , , , 51242 274 13 but but CC 51242 274 14 as as RB 51242 274 15 far far RB 51242 274 16 as as IN 51242 274 17 British british JJ 51242 274 18 tramways tramway NNS 51242 274 19 are be VBP 51242 274 20 concerned concerned JJ 51242 274 21 the the DT 51242 274 22 bow bow NN 51242 274 23 is be VBZ 51242 274 24 the the DT 51242 274 25 exception exception NN 51242 274 26 which which WDT 51242 274 27 proves prove VBZ 51242 274 28 the the DT 51242 274 29 trolley trolley NN 51242 274 30 wheel wheel NN 51242 274 31 rule rule NN 51242 274 32 . . . 51242 275 1 The the DT 51242 275 2 function function NN 51242 275 3 of of IN 51242 275 4 the the DT 51242 275 5 trolley trolley NN 51242 275 6 wheel wheel NN 51242 275 7 is be VBZ 51242 275 8 to to TO 51242 275 9 collect collect VB 51242 275 10 current current NN 51242 275 11 from from IN 51242 275 12 the the DT 51242 275 13 wire wire NN 51242 275 14 along along IN 51242 275 15 which which WDT 51242 275 16 it -PRON- PRP 51242 275 17 rolls roll VBZ 51242 275 18 . . . 51242 276 1 This this DT 51242 276 2 current current NN 51242 276 3 passes pass VBZ 51242 276 4 through through IN 51242 276 5 insulated insulated JJ 51242 276 6 wires wire NNS 51242 276 7 down down IN 51242 276 8 the the DT 51242 276 9 trolley trolley NN 51242 276 10 arm arm NN 51242 276 11 to to IN 51242 276 12 the the DT 51242 276 13 controller controller NN 51242 276 14 , , , 51242 276 15 which which WDT 51242 276 16 the the DT 51242 276 17 driver driver NN 51242 276 18 of of IN 51242 276 19 the the DT 51242 276 20 car car NN 51242 276 21 operates operate VBZ 51242 276 22 by by IN 51242 276 23 means mean NNS 51242 276 24 of of IN 51242 276 25 a a DT 51242 276 26 handle handle NN 51242 276 27 . . . 51242 277 1 The the DT 51242 277 2 controller controller NN 51242 277 3 , , , 51242 277 4 which which WDT 51242 277 5 is be VBZ 51242 277 6 really really RB 51242 277 7 a a DT 51242 277 8 series series NN 51242 277 9 of of IN 51242 277 10 electrical electrical JJ 51242 277 11 resistances resistance NNS 51242 277 12 , , , 51242 277 13 is be VBZ 51242 277 14 analogous analogous JJ 51242 277 15 to to IN 51242 277 16 a a DT 51242 277 17 water water NN 51242 277 18 tap tap NN 51242 277 19 . . . 51242 278 1 By by IN 51242 278 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 278 3 means mean NNS 51242 278 4 the the DT 51242 278 5 current current NN 51242 278 6 may may MD 51242 278 7 be be VB 51242 278 8 completely completely RB 51242 278 9 shut shut VBN 51242 278 10 off off RP 51242 278 11 from from IN 51242 278 12 the the DT 51242 278 13 motors motor NNS 51242 278 14 , , , 51242 278 15 or or CC 51242 278 16 allowed allow VBN 51242 278 17 to to TO 51242 278 18 flow flow VB 51242 278 19 in in IN 51242 278 20 varying varying NN 51242 278 21 degree degree NN 51242 278 22 as as IN 51242 278 23 required require VBN 51242 278 24 by by IN 51242 278 25 the the DT 51242 278 26 speed speed NN 51242 278 27 of of IN 51242 278 28 the the DT 51242 278 29 car car NN 51242 278 30 . . . 51242 279 1 In in IN 51242 279 2 starting start VBG 51242 279 3 a a DT 51242 279 4 car car NN 51242 279 5 , , , 51242 279 6 the the DT 51242 279 7 driver driver NN 51242 279 8 moves move VBZ 51242 279 9 the the DT 51242 279 10 controller controller NN 51242 279 11 handle handle VBP 51242 279 12 notch notch NN 51242 279 13 by by IN 51242 279 14 notch notch NN 51242 279 15 , , , 51242 279 16 so so IN 51242 279 17 as as IN 51242 279 18 to to TO 51242 279 19 get get VB 51242 279 20 a a DT 51242 279 21 uniform uniform JJ 51242 279 22 rise rise NN 51242 279 23 in in IN 51242 279 24 speed speed NN 51242 279 25 until until IN 51242 279 26 the the DT 51242 279 27 full full JJ 51242 279 28 current current NN 51242 279 29 is be VBZ 51242 279 30 allowed allow VBN 51242 279 31 to to TO 51242 279 32 pass pass VB 51242 279 33 through through IN 51242 279 34 the the DT 51242 279 35 motors motor NNS 51242 279 36 . . . 51242 280 1 With with IN 51242 280 2 such such PDT 51242 280 3 a a DT 51242 280 4 mechanism mechanism NN 51242 280 5 , , , 51242 280 6 supplemented supplement VBN 51242 280 7 by by IN 51242 280 8 brakes brake NNS 51242 280 9 , , , 51242 280 10 the the DT 51242 280 11 driver driver NN 51242 280 12 has have VBZ 51242 280 13 the the DT 51242 280 14 movements movement NNS 51242 280 15 of of IN 51242 280 16 the the DT 51242 280 17 car car NN 51242 280 18 under under IN 51242 280 19 control control NN 51242 280 20 . . . 51242 281 1 In in IN 51242 281 2 a a DT 51242 281 3 four four CD 51242 281 4 - - HYPH 51242 281 5 wheeled wheeled JJ 51242 281 6 car car NN 51242 281 7 , , , 51242 281 8 each each DT 51242 281 9 axle axle NN 51242 281 10 is be VBZ 51242 281 11 driven drive VBN 51242 281 12 by by IN 51242 281 13 a a DT 51242 281 14 motor motor NN 51242 281 15 . . . 51242 282 1 In in IN 51242 282 2 a a DT 51242 282 3 bogie bogie NN 51242 282 4 car car NN 51242 282 5 ( ( -LRB- 51242 282 6 one one CD 51242 282 7 with with IN 51242 282 8 a a DT 51242 282 9 set set NN 51242 282 10 of of IN 51242 282 11 four four CD 51242 282 12 wheels wheel NNS 51242 282 13 at at IN 51242 282 14 each each DT 51242 282 15 end end NN 51242 282 16 ) ) -RRB- 51242 282 17 the the DT 51242 282 18 axles axle NNS 51242 282 19 of of IN 51242 282 20 the the DT 51242 282 21 larger large JJR 51242 282 22 wheels wheel NNS 51242 282 23 of of IN 51242 282 24 the the DT 51242 282 25 bogie bogie NN 51242 282 26 are be VBP 51242 282 27 each each DT 51242 282 28 driven drive VBN 51242 282 29 by by IN 51242 282 30 a a DT 51242 282 31 motor motor NN 51242 282 32 ; ; : 51242 282 33 but but CC 51242 282 34 not not RB 51242 282 35 directly directly RB 51242 282 36 . . . 51242 283 1 Considerations consideration NNS 51242 283 2 of of IN 51242 283 3 space space NN 51242 283 4 make make VBP 51242 283 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 283 6 necessary necessary JJ 51242 283 7 to to TO 51242 283 8 keep keep VB 51242 283 9 the the DT 51242 283 10 motor motor NN 51242 283 11 as as RB 51242 283 12 small small JJ 51242 283 13 as as IN 51242 283 14 possible possible JJ 51242 283 15 , , , 51242 283 16 but but CC 51242 283 17 if if IN 51242 283 18 a a DT 51242 283 19 motor motor NN 51242 283 20 is be VBZ 51242 283 21 to to TO 51242 283 22 be be VB 51242 283 23 small small JJ 51242 283 24 and and CC 51242 283 25 also also RB 51242 283 26 powerful powerful JJ 51242 283 27 it -PRON- PRP 51242 283 28 must must MD 51242 283 29 rotate rotate VB 51242 283 30 at at IN 51242 283 31 a a DT 51242 283 32 high high JJ 51242 283 33 speed speed NN 51242 283 34 . . . 51242 284 1 On on IN 51242 284 2 the the DT 51242 284 3 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 284 4 , , , 51242 284 5 therefore therefore RB 51242 284 6 , , , 51242 284 7 the the DT 51242 284 8 motor motor NN 51242 284 9 drives drive VBZ 51242 284 10 a a DT 51242 284 11 small small JJ 51242 284 12 toothed toothed JJ 51242 284 13 wheel wheel NN 51242 284 14 which which WDT 51242 284 15 drives drive VBZ 51242 284 16 a a DT 51242 284 17 large large JJ 51242 284 18 toothed toothed JJ 51242 284 19 wheel wheel NN 51242 284 20 fixed fix VBN 51242 284 21 to to IN 51242 284 22 the the DT 51242 284 23 axle axle NN 51242 284 24 , , , 51242 284 25 thus thus RB 51242 284 26 effecting effect VBG 51242 284 27 a a DT 51242 284 28 reduction reduction NN 51242 284 29 of of IN 51242 284 30 speed speed NN 51242 284 31 between between IN 51242 284 32 the the DT 51242 284 33 motor motor NN 51242 284 34 and and CC 51242 284 35 the the DT 51242 284 36 wheel wheel NN 51242 284 37 . . . 51242 285 1 The the DT 51242 285 2 same same JJ 51242 285 3 considerations consideration NNS 51242 285 4 of of IN 51242 285 5 space space NN 51242 285 6 join join VBP 51242 285 7 with with IN 51242 285 8 others other NNS 51242 285 9 in in IN 51242 285 10 making make VBG 51242 285 11 two two CD 51242 285 12 motors motor NNS 51242 285 13 on on IN 51242 285 14 each each DT 51242 285 15 car car NN 51242 285 16 the the DT 51242 285 17 general general JJ 51242 285 18 rule rule NN 51242 285 19 . . . 51242 286 1 And and CC 51242 286 2 the the DT 51242 286 3 use use NN 51242 286 4 of of IN 51242 286 5 two two CD 51242 286 6 motors motor NNS 51242 286 7 enabled enable VBD 51242 286 8 the the DT 51242 286 9 tramway tramway JJ 51242 286 10 engineer engineer NN 51242 286 11 to to TO 51242 286 12 introduce introduce VB 51242 286 13 a a DT 51242 286 14 refinement refinement NN 51242 286 15 into into IN 51242 286 16 the the DT 51242 286 17 method method NN 51242 286 18 of of IN 51242 286 19 control control NN 51242 286 20 . . . 51242 287 1 This this DT 51242 287 2 refinement refinement NN 51242 287 3 is be VBZ 51242 287 4 known know VBN 51242 287 5 as as IN 51242 287 6 the the DT 51242 287 7 ' ' `` 51242 287 8 series series NN 51242 287 9 - - HYPH 51242 287 10 parallel parallel JJ 51242 287 11 system system NN 51242 287 12 . . . 51242 287 13 ' ' '' 51242 288 1 One one CD 51242 288 2 of of IN 51242 288 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 288 4 objects object NNS 51242 288 5 is be VBZ 51242 288 6 to to TO 51242 288 7 give give VB 51242 288 8 a a DT 51242 288 9 large large JJ 51242 288 10 ' ' `` 51242 288 11 starting start VBG 51242 288 12 torque torque NN 51242 288 13 ' ' '' 51242 288 14 and and CC 51242 288 15 so so RB 51242 288 16 enable enable VB 51242 288 17 the the DT 51242 288 18 car car NN 51242 288 19 to to TO 51242 288 20 gain gain VB 51242 288 21 speed speed NN 51242 288 22 quickly quickly RB 51242 288 23 . . . 51242 289 1 When when WRB 51242 289 2 the the DT 51242 289 3 current current NN 51242 289 4 is be VBZ 51242 289 5 first first RB 51242 289 6 switched switch VBN 51242 289 7 on on RP 51242 289 8 by by IN 51242 289 9 the the DT 51242 289 10 controller controller NN 51242 289 11 it -PRON- PRP 51242 289 12 passes pass VBZ 51242 289 13 through through IN 51242 289 14 the the DT 51242 289 15 motors motor NNS 51242 289 16 in in IN 51242 289 17 tandem tandem NNP 51242 289 18 or or CC 51242 289 19 in in IN 51242 289 20 ' ' `` 51242 289 21 series series NN 51242 289 22 , , , 51242 289 23 ' ' '' 51242 289 24 thus thus RB 51242 289 25 dividing divide VBG 51242 289 26 the the DT 51242 289 27 pressure pressure NN 51242 289 28 of of IN 51242 289 29 the the DT 51242 289 30 current current JJ 51242 289 31 ( ( -LRB- 51242 289 32 analogous analogous JJ 51242 289 33 to to IN 51242 289 34 a a DT 51242 289 35 ' ' `` 51242 289 36 head head NN 51242 289 37 ' ' '' 51242 289 38 of of IN 51242 289 39 water water NN 51242 289 40 ) ) -RRB- 51242 289 41 between between IN 51242 289 42 them -PRON- PRP 51242 289 43 . . . 51242 290 1 The the DT 51242 290 2 starting start VBG 51242 290 3 torque torque NN 51242 290 4 of of IN 51242 290 5 a a DT 51242 290 6 tramway tramway JJ 51242 290 7 motor motor NN 51242 290 8 ( ( -LRB- 51242 290 9 or or CC 51242 290 10 the the DT 51242 290 11 turning turn VBG 51242 290 12 moment moment NN 51242 290 13 which which WDT 51242 290 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 290 15 exerts exert VBZ 51242 290 16 when when WRB 51242 290 17 current current JJ 51242 290 18 is be VBZ 51242 290 19 first first RB 51242 290 20 passed pass VBN 51242 290 21 through through IN 51242 290 22 it -PRON- PRP 51242 290 23 ) ) -RRB- 51242 290 24 is be VBZ 51242 290 25 dependent dependent JJ 51242 290 26 on on IN 51242 290 27 the the DT 51242 290 28 current current JJ 51242 290 29 but but CC 51242 290 30 independent independent JJ 51242 290 31 of of IN 51242 290 32 the the DT 51242 290 33 pressure pressure NN 51242 290 34 . . . 51242 291 1 Thus thus RB 51242 291 2 the the DT 51242 291 3 tandem tandem NN 51242 291 4 or or CC 51242 291 5 ' ' `` 51242 291 6 series series NN 51242 291 7 ' ' '' 51242 291 8 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 291 9 , , , 51242 291 10 which which WDT 51242 291 11 passes pass VBZ 51242 291 12 the the DT 51242 291 13 full full JJ 51242 291 14 current current NN 51242 291 15 through through IN 51242 291 16 each each DT 51242 291 17 motor motor NN 51242 291 18 , , , 51242 291 19 gives give VBZ 51242 291 20 the the DT 51242 291 21 maximum maximum JJ 51242 291 22 starting start VBG 51242 291 23 torque torque NN 51242 291 24 without without IN 51242 291 25 an an DT 51242 291 26 undue undue JJ 51242 291 27 consumption consumption NN 51242 291 28 of of IN 51242 291 29 current current NN 51242 291 30 . . . 51242 292 1 After after IN 51242 292 2 the the DT 51242 292 3 car car NN 51242 292 4 is be VBZ 51242 292 5 well well RB 51242 292 6 started start VBN 51242 292 7 , , , 51242 292 8 the the DT 51242 292 9 next next JJ 51242 292 10 movement movement NN 51242 292 11 of of IN 51242 292 12 the the DT 51242 292 13 controller controller NN 51242 292 14 puts put VBZ 51242 292 15 the the DT 51242 292 16 motors motor NNS 51242 292 17 in in IN 51242 292 18 ' ' `` 51242 292 19 parallel parallel NN 51242 292 20 , , , 51242 292 21 ' ' '' 51242 292 22 opening open VBG 51242 292 23 up up RP 51242 292 24 two two CD 51242 292 25 paths path NNS 51242 292 26 for for IN 51242 292 27 the the DT 51242 292 28 current current JJ 51242 292 29 instead instead RB 51242 292 30 of of IN 51242 292 31 one one CD 51242 292 32 , , , 51242 292 33 so so IN 51242 292 34 that that IN 51242 292 35 each each DT 51242 292 36 motor motor NN 51242 292 37 receives receive VBZ 51242 292 38 the the DT 51242 292 39 full full JJ 51242 292 40 pressure pressure NN 51242 292 41 . . . 51242 293 1 The the DT 51242 293 2 practical practical JJ 51242 293 3 result result NN 51242 293 4 is be VBZ 51242 293 5 that that IN 51242 293 6 there there EX 51242 293 7 is be VBZ 51242 293 8 a a DT 51242 293 9 very very RB 51242 293 10 rapid rapid JJ 51242 293 11 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 293 12 at at IN 51242 293 13 starting start VBG 51242 293 14 , , , 51242 293 15 with with IN 51242 293 16 marked marked JJ 51242 293 17 economy economy NN 51242 293 18 in in IN 51242 293 19 current current NN 51242 293 20 . . . 51242 294 1 If if IN 51242 294 2 the the DT 51242 294 3 motors motor NNS 51242 294 4 were be VBD 51242 294 5 kept keep VBN 51242 294 6 in in IN 51242 294 7 ' ' `` 51242 294 8 parallel parallel NN 51242 294 9 ' ' '' 51242 294 10 right right RB 51242 294 11 through through RB 51242 294 12 , , , 51242 294 13 twice twice PDT 51242 294 14 as as RB 51242 294 15 much much JJ 51242 294 16 current current NN 51242 294 17 would would MD 51242 294 18 be be VB 51242 294 19 required require VBN 51242 294 20 to to TO 51242 294 21 get get VB 51242 294 22 the the DT 51242 294 23 same same JJ 51242 294 24 starting starting NN 51242 294 25 torque torque NN 51242 294 26 . . . 51242 295 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 295 2 will will MD 51242 295 3 be be VB 51242 295 4 seen see VBN 51242 295 5 later later RB 51242 295 6 how how WRB 51242 295 7 valuable valuable JJ 51242 295 8 this this DT 51242 295 9 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 295 10 for for IN 51242 295 11 getting get VBG 51242 295 12 a a DT 51242 295 13 rapid rapid JJ 51242 295 14 start start NN 51242 295 15 , , , 51242 295 16 without without IN 51242 295 17 excessive excessive JJ 51242 295 18 current current JJ 51242 295 19 consumption consumption NN 51242 295 20 , , , 51242 295 21 may may MD 51242 295 22 be be VB 51242 295 23 in in IN 51242 295 24 improving improve VBG 51242 295 25 the the DT 51242 295 26 physical physical JJ 51242 295 27 and and CC 51242 295 28 economic economic JJ 51242 295 29 conditions condition NNS 51242 295 30 of of IN 51242 295 31 a a DT 51242 295 32 tramway tramway JJ 51242 295 33 or or CC 51242 295 34 train train NN 51242 295 35 service service NN 51242 295 36 . . . 51242 296 1 After after IN 51242 296 2 having have VBG 51242 296 3 passed pass VBN 51242 296 4 through through IN 51242 296 5 the the DT 51242 296 6 motors motor NNS 51242 296 7 and and CC 51242 296 8 done do VBN 51242 296 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 296 10 work work NN 51242 296 11 , , , 51242 296 12 the the DT 51242 296 13 current current NN 51242 296 14 is be VBZ 51242 296 15 led lead VBN 51242 296 16 to to IN 51242 296 17 the the DT 51242 296 18 wheels wheel NNS 51242 296 19 of of IN 51242 296 20 the the DT 51242 296 21 car car NN 51242 296 22 and and CC 51242 296 23 returns return NNS 51242 296 24 by by IN 51242 296 25 way way NN 51242 296 26 of of IN 51242 296 27 the the DT 51242 296 28 rails rail NNS 51242 296 29 , , , 51242 296 30 which which WDT 51242 296 31 are be VBP 51242 296 32 linked link VBN 51242 296 33 together together RP 51242 296 34 by by IN 51242 296 35 copper copper NN 51242 296 36 bonds bond NNS 51242 296 37 so so IN 51242 296 38 as as IN 51242 296 39 to to TO 51242 296 40 form form VB 51242 296 41 a a DT 51242 296 42 continuous continuous JJ 51242 296 43 conductor conductor NN 51242 296 44 . . . 51242 297 1 The the DT 51242 297 2 passage passage NN 51242 297 3 of of IN 51242 297 4 the the DT 51242 297 5 current current NN 51242 297 6 from from IN 51242 297 7 the the DT 51242 297 8 wheel wheel NN 51242 297 9 to to IN 51242 297 10 the the DT 51242 297 11 rail rail NN 51242 297 12 is be VBZ 51242 297 13 indicated indicate VBN 51242 297 14 by by IN 51242 297 15 sparks spark NNS 51242 297 16 when when WRB 51242 297 17 the the DT 51242 297 18 rails rail NNS 51242 297 19 are be VBP 51242 297 20 rough rough JJ 51242 297 21 or or CC 51242 297 22 very very RB 51242 297 23 dry dry JJ 51242 297 24 and and CC 51242 297 25 dirty dirty JJ 51242 297 26 . . . 51242 298 1 Although although IN 51242 298 2 the the DT 51242 298 3 rails rail NNS 51242 298 4 , , , 51242 298 5 like like IN 51242 298 6 the the DT 51242 298 7 overhead overhead JJ 51242 298 8 wires wire NNS 51242 298 9 , , , 51242 298 10 are be VBP 51242 298 11 thus thus RB 51242 298 12 carrying carry VBG 51242 298 13 current current NN 51242 298 14 , , , 51242 298 15 there there EX 51242 298 16 is be VBZ 51242 298 17 no no DT 51242 298 18 danger danger NN 51242 298 19 of of IN 51242 298 20 shock shock NN 51242 298 21 from from IN 51242 298 22 them -PRON- PRP 51242 298 23 , , , 51242 298 24 as as IN 51242 298 25 the the DT 51242 298 26 electrical electrical JJ 51242 298 27 pressure pressure NN 51242 298 28 in in IN 51242 298 29 them -PRON- PRP 51242 298 30 is be VBZ 51242 298 31 only only RB 51242 298 32 a a DT 51242 298 33 few few JJ 51242 298 34 volts volt NNS 51242 298 35 , , , 51242 298 36 at at IN 51242 298 37 the the DT 51242 298 38 outside outside NN 51242 298 39 , , , 51242 298 40 while while IN 51242 298 41 the the DT 51242 298 42 pressure pressure NN 51242 298 43 in in IN 51242 298 44 the the DT 51242 298 45 overhead overhead JJ 51242 298 46 wires wire NNS 51242 298 47 is be VBZ 51242 298 48 500 500 CD 51242 298 49 volts volt NNS 51242 298 50 . . . 51242 299 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 299 2 is be VBZ 51242 299 3 this this DT 51242 299 4 difference difference NN 51242 299 5 of of IN 51242 299 6 pressure pressure NN 51242 299 7 which which WDT 51242 299 8 -- -- : 51242 299 9 like like IN 51242 299 10 the the DT 51242 299 11 ' ' `` 51242 299 12 head head NN 51242 299 13 ' ' '' 51242 299 14 of of IN 51242 299 15 water water NN 51242 299 16 in in IN 51242 299 17 a a DT 51242 299 18 turbine turbine NN 51242 299 19 -- -- : 51242 299 20 supplies supply VBZ 51242 299 21 the the DT 51242 299 22 motive motive JJ 51242 299 23 power power NN 51242 299 24 for for IN 51242 299 25 the the DT 51242 299 26 car car NN 51242 299 27 . . . 51242 300 1 Each each DT 51242 300 2 car car NN 51242 300 3 on on IN 51242 300 4 a a DT 51242 300 5 tramway tramway JJ 51242 300 6 system system NN 51242 300 7 may may MD 51242 300 8 thus thus RB 51242 300 9 be be VB 51242 300 10 regarded regard VBN 51242 300 11 as as IN 51242 300 12 a a DT 51242 300 13 bridge bridge NN 51242 300 14 which which WDT 51242 300 15 completes complete VBZ 51242 300 16 an an DT 51242 300 17 electrical electrical JJ 51242 300 18 circuit circuit NN 51242 300 19 . . . 51242 301 1 When when WRB 51242 301 2 the the DT 51242 301 3 driver driver NN 51242 301 4 moves move VBZ 51242 301 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 301 6 controller controller NN 51242 301 7 , , , 51242 301 8 current current JJ 51242 301 9 flows flow NNS 51242 301 10 from from IN 51242 301 11 the the DT 51242 301 12 generating generating NN 51242 301 13 station station NN 51242 301 14 at at IN 51242 301 15 a a DT 51242 301 16 high high JJ 51242 301 17 pressure pressure NN 51242 301 18 , , , 51242 301 19 passes pass VBZ 51242 301 20 through through IN 51242 301 21 the the DT 51242 301 22 controller controller NN 51242 301 23 , , , 51242 301 24 operates operate VBZ 51242 301 25 the the DT 51242 301 26 motors motor NNS 51242 301 27 , , , 51242 301 28 and and CC 51242 301 29 returns return NNS 51242 301 30 to to IN 51242 301 31 the the DT 51242 301 32 generating generating NN 51242 301 33 station station NN 51242 301 34 at at IN 51242 301 35 a a DT 51242 301 36 low low JJ 51242 301 37 pressure pressure NN 51242 301 38 . . . 51242 302 1 This this DT 51242 302 2 typical typical JJ 51242 302 3 circuit circuit NN 51242 302 4 is be VBZ 51242 302 5 completed complete VBN 51242 302 6 through through IN 51242 302 7 every every DT 51242 302 8 car car NN 51242 302 9 , , , 51242 302 10 so so IN 51242 302 11 that that IN 51242 302 12 the the DT 51242 302 13 demand demand NN 51242 302 14 on on IN 51242 302 15 the the DT 51242 302 16 generating generating NN 51242 302 17 station station NN 51242 302 18 at at IN 51242 302 19 any any DT 51242 302 20 moment moment NN 51242 302 21 is be VBZ 51242 302 22 the the DT 51242 302 23 sum sum NN 51242 302 24 of of IN 51242 302 25 the the DT 51242 302 26 demands demand NNS 51242 302 27 of of IN 51242 302 28 the the DT 51242 302 29 cars car NNS 51242 302 30 at at IN 51242 302 31 that that DT 51242 302 32 moment moment NN 51242 302 33 . . . 51242 303 1 The the DT 51242 303 2 business business NN 51242 303 3 of of IN 51242 303 4 the the DT 51242 303 5 engineer engineer NN 51242 303 6 at at IN 51242 303 7 the the DT 51242 303 8 generating generating NN 51242 303 9 station station NN 51242 303 10 is be VBZ 51242 303 11 to to TO 51242 303 12 maintain maintain VB 51242 303 13 the the DT 51242 303 14 electrical electrical JJ 51242 303 15 pressure pressure NN 51242 303 16 in in IN 51242 303 17 the the DT 51242 303 18 overhead overhead JJ 51242 303 19 wire wire NN 51242 303 20 at at IN 51242 303 21 the the DT 51242 303 22 normal normal JJ 51242 303 23 level level NN 51242 303 24 of of IN 51242 303 25 500 500 CD 51242 303 26 volts volt NNS 51242 303 27 ; ; : 51242 303 28 and and CC 51242 303 29 in in IN 51242 303 30 order order NN 51242 303 31 to to TO 51242 303 32 do do VB 51242 303 33 this this DT 51242 303 34 on on IN 51242 303 35 an an DT 51242 303 36 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 303 37 tramway tramway JJ 51242 303 38 system system NN 51242 303 39 it -PRON- PRP 51242 303 40 is be VBZ 51242 303 41 found find VBN 51242 303 42 convenient convenient JJ 51242 303 43 to to TO 51242 303 44 divide divide VB 51242 303 45 the the DT 51242 303 46 overhead overhead JJ 51242 303 47 wire wire NN 51242 303 48 into into IN 51242 303 49 half half JJ 51242 303 50 - - HYPH 51242 303 51 mile mile NN 51242 303 52 sections section NNS 51242 303 53 , , , 51242 303 54 each each DT 51242 303 55 of of IN 51242 303 56 which which WDT 51242 303 57 has have VBZ 51242 303 58 a a DT 51242 303 59 separate separate JJ 51242 303 60 main main JJ 51242 303 61 or or CC 51242 303 62 ' ' `` 51242 303 63 feeder feeder NN 51242 303 64 ' ' '' 51242 303 65 from from IN 51242 303 66 the the DT 51242 303 67 generating generating NN 51242 303 68 station station NN 51242 303 69 . . . 51242 304 1 The the DT 51242 304 2 passenger passenger NN 51242 304 3 can can MD 51242 304 4 detect detect VB 51242 304 5 the the DT 51242 304 6 change change NN 51242 304 7 from from IN 51242 304 8 one one CD 51242 304 9 section section NN 51242 304 10 to to IN 51242 304 11 another another DT 51242 304 12 by by IN 51242 304 13 the the DT 51242 304 14 click click NN 51242 304 15 of of IN 51242 304 16 the the DT 51242 304 17 trolley trolley NN 51242 304 18 wheel wheel NN 51242 304 19 across across IN 51242 304 20 the the DT 51242 304 21 gap gap NN 51242 304 22 which which WDT 51242 304 23 insulates insulate VBZ 51242 304 24 one one CD 51242 304 25 half half JJ 51242 304 26 - - HYPH 51242 304 27 mile mile NN 51242 304 28 section section NN 51242 304 29 from from IN 51242 304 30 another another DT 51242 304 31 . . . 51242 305 1 At at IN 51242 305 2 the the DT 51242 305 3 same same JJ 51242 305 4 spot spot NN 51242 305 5 he -PRON- PRP 51242 305 6 can can MD 51242 305 7 see see VB 51242 305 8 the the DT 51242 305 9 short short JJ 51242 305 10 square square NNP 51242 305 11 ' ' `` 51242 305 12 feeder feeder NN 51242 305 13 - - HYPH 51242 305 14 pillar pillar NN 51242 305 15 ' ' '' 51242 305 16 at at IN 51242 305 17 the the DT 51242 305 18 roadside roadside NN 51242 305 19 ( ( -LRB- 51242 305 20 containing contain VBG 51242 305 21 the the DT 51242 305 22 switches switch NNS 51242 305 23 by by IN 51242 305 24 which which WDT 51242 305 25 current current NN 51242 305 26 can can MD 51242 305 27 be be VB 51242 305 28 turned turn VBN 51242 305 29 off off RP 51242 305 30 from from IN 51242 305 31 that that DT 51242 305 32 section section NN 51242 305 33 ) ) -RRB- 51242 305 34 and and CC 51242 305 35 the the DT 51242 305 36 cables cable NNS 51242 305 37 which which WDT 51242 305 38 pass pass VBP 51242 305 39 along along RP 51242 305 40 the the DT 51242 305 41 arm arm NN 51242 305 42 of of IN 51242 305 43 the the DT 51242 305 44 trolley trolley NN 51242 305 45 standard standard NN 51242 305 46 and and CC 51242 305 47 terminate terminate NN 51242 305 48 in in IN 51242 305 49 the the DT 51242 305 50 overhead overhead JJ 51242 305 51 wire wire NN 51242 305 52 . . . 51242 306 1 On on IN 51242 306 2 an an DT 51242 306 3 extensive extensive JJ 51242 306 4 tramway tramway NN 51242 306 5 system system NN 51242 306 6 the the DT 51242 306 7 power power NN 51242 306 8 - - HYPH 51242 306 9 supply supply NN 51242 306 10 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 306 11 become become VBP 51242 306 12 more more RBR 51242 306 13 complicated complicated JJ 51242 306 14 . . . 51242 307 1 The the DT 51242 307 2 central central JJ 51242 307 3 generating generating NN 51242 307 4 station station NN 51242 307 5 remains remain VBZ 51242 307 6 the the DT 51242 307 7 primary primary JJ 51242 307 8 source source NN 51242 307 9 of of IN 51242 307 10 power power NN 51242 307 11 , , , 51242 307 12 but but CC 51242 307 13 sub sub NN 51242 307 14 - - NNS 51242 307 15 stations station NNS 51242 307 16 are be VBP 51242 307 17 erected erect VBN 51242 307 18 at at IN 51242 307 19 convenient convenient JJ 51242 307 20 points point NNS 51242 307 21 between between IN 51242 307 22 the the DT 51242 307 23 central central JJ 51242 307 24 station station NN 51242 307 25 and and CC 51242 307 26 the the DT 51242 307 27 outskirts outskirt NNS 51242 307 28 of of IN 51242 307 29 the the DT 51242 307 30 tramway tramway JJ 51242 307 31 area area NN 51242 307 32 . . . 51242 308 1 These these DT 51242 308 2 sub sub NN 51242 308 3 - - NNS 51242 308 4 stations station NNS 51242 308 5 are be VBP 51242 308 6 secondary secondary JJ 51242 308 7 stations station NNS 51242 308 8 for for IN 51242 308 9 the the DT 51242 308 10 distribution distribution NN 51242 308 11 of of IN 51242 308 12 electricity electricity NN 51242 308 13 . . . 51242 309 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 309 2 receive receive VBP 51242 309 3 power power NN 51242 309 4 at at IN 51242 309 5 extra extra JJ 51242 309 6 - - HYPH 51242 309 7 high high JJ 51242 309 8 pressure pressure NN 51242 309 9 ( ( -LRB- 51242 309 10 5000 5000 CD 51242 309 11 volts volt NNS 51242 309 12 or or CC 51242 309 13 more more JJR 51242 309 14 ) ) -RRB- 51242 309 15 from from IN 51242 309 16 the the DT 51242 309 17 central central JJ 51242 309 18 station station NN 51242 309 19 ; ; : 51242 309 20 they -PRON- PRP 51242 309 21 contain contain VBP 51242 309 22 special special JJ 51242 309 23 machinery machinery NN 51242 309 24 for for IN 51242 309 25 reducing reduce VBG 51242 309 26 the the DT 51242 309 27 pressure pressure NN 51242 309 28 to to IN 51242 309 29 500 500 CD 51242 309 30 volts volt NNS 51242 309 31 for for IN 51242 309 32 distribution distribution NN 51242 309 33 to to IN 51242 309 34 the the DT 51242 309 35 various various JJ 51242 309 36 tramway tramway JJ 51242 309 37 feeders feeder NNS 51242 309 38 . . . 51242 310 1 The the DT 51242 310 2 object object NN 51242 310 3 of of IN 51242 310 4 this this DT 51242 310 5 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 310 6 is be VBZ 51242 310 7 partly partly RB 51242 310 8 technical technical JJ 51242 310 9 but but CC 51242 310 10 mainly mainly RB 51242 310 11 economical economical JJ 51242 310 12 . . . 51242 311 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 311 2 power power NN 51242 311 3 can can MD 51242 311 4 be be VB 51242 311 5 transmitted transmit VBN 51242 311 6 at at IN 51242 311 7 a a DT 51242 311 8 lower low JJR 51242 311 9 cost cost NN 51242 311 10 in in IN 51242 311 11 mains main NNS 51242 311 12 and and CC 51242 311 13 with with IN 51242 311 14 less less JJR 51242 311 15 loss loss NN 51242 311 16 of of IN 51242 311 17 energy energy NN 51242 311 18 at at IN 51242 311 19 high high JJ 51242 311 20 pressures pressure NNS 51242 311 21 than than IN 51242 311 22 at at RB 51242 311 23 low low NN 51242 311 24 . . . 51242 312 1 Consequently consequently RB 51242 312 2 when when WRB 51242 312 3 the the DT 51242 312 4 termini termini NN 51242 312 5 of of IN 51242 312 6 tramway tramway JJ 51242 312 7 routes route NNS 51242 312 8 are be VBP 51242 312 9 several several JJ 51242 312 10 miles mile NNS 51242 312 11 from from IN 51242 312 12 the the DT 51242 312 13 generating generate VBG 51242 312 14 centre centre NN 51242 312 15 , , , 51242 312 16 greater great JJR 51242 312 17 all all RB 51242 312 18 - - HYPH 51242 312 19 round round JJ 51242 312 20 efficiency efficiency NN 51242 312 21 is be VBZ 51242 312 22 secured secure VBN 51242 312 23 by by IN 51242 312 24 transmitting transmit VBG 51242 312 25 current current JJ 51242 312 26 at at IN 51242 312 27 high high JJ 51242 312 28 pressure pressure NN 51242 312 29 to to IN 51242 312 30 a a DT 51242 312 31 number number NN 51242 312 32 of of IN 51242 312 33 well well RB 51242 312 34 selected select VBN 51242 312 35 sub sub NN 51242 312 36 - - HYPH 51242 312 37 stations station NNS 51242 312 38 . . . 51242 313 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 313 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 313 3 : : : 51242 313 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 313 5 . . . 51242 314 1 4 4 LS 51242 314 2 . . . 51242 315 1 Photograph Photograph NNP 51242 315 2 of of IN 51242 315 3 a a DT 51242 315 4 car car NN 51242 315 5 on on IN 51242 315 6 a a DT 51242 315 7 conduit conduit NN 51242 315 8 section section NN 51242 315 9 of of IN 51242 315 10 the the DT 51242 315 11 London London NNP 51242 315 12 County County NNP 51242 315 13 Council Council NNP 51242 315 14 tramways tramway NNS 51242 315 15 . . . 51242 316 1 The the DT 51242 316 2 centre centre NN 51242 316 3 line line NN 51242 316 4 on on IN 51242 316 5 the the DT 51242 316 6 vacant vacant JJ 51242 316 7 track track NN 51242 316 8 indicates indicate VBZ 51242 316 9 the the DT 51242 316 10 slot slot NN 51242 316 11 rail rail NN 51242 316 12 through through IN 51242 316 13 which which WDT 51242 316 14 the the DT 51242 316 15 ' ' `` 51242 316 16 plough plough NN 51242 316 17 ' ' '' 51242 316 18 on on IN 51242 316 19 the the DT 51242 316 20 car car NN 51242 316 21 passes pass VBZ 51242 316 22 to to TO 51242 316 23 make make VB 51242 316 24 contact contact NN 51242 316 25 with with IN 51242 316 26 the the DT 51242 316 27 conductors conductor NNS 51242 316 28 in in IN 51242 316 29 the the DT 51242 316 30 underground underground JJ 51242 316 31 conduit conduit NN 51242 316 32 . . . 51242 317 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 317 2 Photograph Photograph NNP 51242 317 3 reproduced reproduce VBN 51242 317 4 by by IN 51242 317 5 courtesy courtesy NN 51242 317 6 of of IN 51242 317 7 Dick Dick NNP 51242 317 8 , , , 51242 317 9 Kerr Kerr NNP 51242 317 10 and and CC 51242 317 11 Company Company NNP 51242 317 12 , , , 51242 317 13 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 51242 317 14 ) ) -RRB- 51242 317 15 ] ] -RRB- 51242 317 16 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 51242 317 17 VI VI NNP 51242 317 18 CONDUIT CONDUIT NNP 51242 317 19 AND and CC 51242 317 20 SURFACE SURFACE NNP 51242 317 21 - - HYPH 51242 317 22 CONTACT contact NN 51242 317 23 TRAMWAY tramway NN 51242 317 24 SYSTEMS system NNS 51242 317 25 Roughly roughly RB 51242 317 26 speaking speak VBG 51242 317 27 , , , 51242 317 28 the the DT 51242 317 29 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 317 30 for for IN 51242 317 31 generating generate VBG 51242 317 32 electricity electricity NN 51242 317 33 , , , 51242 317 34 distributing distribute VBG 51242 317 35 it -PRON- PRP 51242 317 36 , , , 51242 317 37 and and CC 51242 317 38 utilising utilise VBG 51242 317 39 it -PRON- PRP 51242 317 40 on on IN 51242 317 41 the the DT 51242 317 42 car car NN 51242 317 43 , , , 51242 317 44 remain remain VBP 51242 317 45 the the DT 51242 317 46 same same JJ 51242 317 47 in in IN 51242 317 48 conduit conduit NN 51242 317 49 tramways tramway NNS 51242 317 50 and and CC 51242 317 51 surface surface NN 51242 317 52 - - HYPH 51242 317 53 contact contact NN 51242 317 54 tramways tramway NNS 51242 317 55 as as IN 51242 317 56 on on IN 51242 317 57 the the DT 51242 317 58 overhead overhead JJ 51242 317 59 system system NN 51242 317 60 . . . 51242 318 1 The the DT 51242 318 2 differences difference NNS 51242 318 3 between between IN 51242 318 4 the the DT 51242 318 5 three three CD 51242 318 6 systems system NNS 51242 318 7 are be VBP 51242 318 8 , , , 51242 318 9 as as IN 51242 318 10 already already RB 51242 318 11 indicated indicate VBN 51242 318 12 , , , 51242 318 13 confined confine VBN 51242 318 14 to to IN 51242 318 15 the the DT 51242 318 16 means mean NNS 51242 318 17 of of IN 51242 318 18 collecting collect VBG 51242 318 19 the the DT 51242 318 20 current current NN 51242 318 21 for for IN 51242 318 22 each each DT 51242 318 23 car car NN 51242 318 24 . . . 51242 319 1 Both both DT 51242 319 2 the the DT 51242 319 3 conduit conduit NN 51242 319 4 and and CC 51242 319 5 the the DT 51242 319 6 surface surface NN 51242 319 7 - - HYPH 51242 319 8 contact contact NN 51242 319 9 system system NN 51242 319 10 were be VBD 51242 319 11 suggested suggest VBN 51242 319 12 as as IN 51242 319 13 a a DT 51242 319 14 means means NN 51242 319 15 of of IN 51242 319 16 escape escape NN 51242 319 17 from from IN 51242 319 18 the the DT 51242 319 19 main main JJ 51242 319 20 objection objection NN 51242 319 21 to to IN 51242 319 22 the the DT 51242 319 23 overhead overhead JJ 51242 319 24 system system NN 51242 319 25 -- -- : 51242 319 26 the the DT 51242 319 27 exposure exposure NN 51242 319 28 of of IN 51242 319 29 ' ' `` 51242 319 30 live live JJ 51242 319 31 ' ' '' 51242 319 32 wires wire NNS 51242 319 33 in in IN 51242 319 34 the the DT 51242 319 35 street street NN 51242 319 36 . . . 51242 320 1 The the DT 51242 320 2 cable cable NN 51242 320 3 tramway tramway NN 51242 320 4 , , , 51242 320 5 with with IN 51242 320 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 320 7 concrete concrete JJ 51242 320 8 trough trough NN 51242 320 9 and and CC 51242 320 10 slot slot NN 51242 320 11 , , , 51242 320 12 gave give VBD 51242 320 13 an an DT 51242 320 14 obvious obvious JJ 51242 320 15 hint hint NN 51242 320 16 . . . 51242 321 1 There there EX 51242 321 2 would would MD 51242 321 3 be be VB 51242 321 4 no no DT 51242 321 5 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 321 6 , , , 51242 321 7 apparently apparently RB 51242 321 8 , , , 51242 321 9 in in IN 51242 321 10 carrying carry VBG 51242 321 11 wires wire NNS 51242 321 12 on on IN 51242 321 13 insulators insulator NNS 51242 321 14 in in IN 51242 321 15 the the DT 51242 321 16 trough trough NN 51242 321 17 or or CC 51242 321 18 conduit conduit NN 51242 321 19 , , , 51242 321 20 and and CC 51242 321 21 utilising utilise VBG 51242 321 22 the the DT 51242 321 23 slot slot NN 51242 321 24 for for IN 51242 321 25 a a DT 51242 321 26 ' ' `` 51242 321 27 plough plough NN 51242 321 28 ' ' '' 51242 321 29 which which WDT 51242 321 30 would would MD 51242 321 31 slide slide VB 51242 321 32 along along IN 51242 321 33 inside inside IN 51242 321 34 the the DT 51242 321 35 conduit conduit NN 51242 321 36 , , , 51242 321 37 keeping keep VBG 51242 321 38 contact contact NN 51242 321 39 with with IN 51242 321 40 the the DT 51242 321 41 wires wire NNS 51242 321 42 , , , 51242 321 43 and and CC 51242 321 44 so so RB 51242 321 45 conveying convey VBG 51242 321 46 the the DT 51242 321 47 current current NN 51242 321 48 to to IN 51242 321 49 the the DT 51242 321 50 car car NN 51242 321 51 . . . 51242 322 1 This this DT 51242 322 2 was be VBD 51242 322 3 tried try VBN 51242 322 4 for for IN 51242 322 5 the the DT 51242 322 6 first first JJ 51242 322 7 time time NN 51242 322 8 in in IN 51242 322 9 Blackpool Blackpool NNP 51242 322 10 , , , 51242 322 11 where where WRB 51242 322 12 -- -- : 51242 322 13 in in IN 51242 322 14 1884 1884 CD 51242 322 15 - - HYPH 51242 322 16 -a -a : 51242 322 17 length length NN 51242 322 18 of of IN 51242 322 19 conduit conduit NN 51242 322 20 tramway tramway NN 51242 322 21 was be VBD 51242 322 22 laid lay VBN 51242 322 23 along along IN 51242 322 24 the the DT 51242 322 25 front front JJ 51242 322 26 street street NN 51242 322 27 of of IN 51242 322 28 the the DT 51242 322 29 town town NN 51242 322 30 . . . 51242 323 1 The the DT 51242 323 2 conditions condition NNS 51242 323 3 could could MD 51242 323 4 hardly hardly RB 51242 323 5 have have VB 51242 323 6 been be VBN 51242 323 7 less less RBR 51242 323 8 favourable favourable JJ 51242 323 9 for for IN 51242 323 10 the the DT 51242 323 11 system system NN 51242 323 12 , , , 51242 323 13 as as IN 51242 323 14 the the DT 51242 323 15 sea sea NN 51242 323 16 frequently frequently RB 51242 323 17 washed wash VBD 51242 323 18 over over IN 51242 323 19 the the DT 51242 323 20 roadway roadway NN 51242 323 21 , , , 51242 323 22 flooding flood VBG 51242 323 23 the the DT 51242 323 24 conduit conduit NN 51242 323 25 with with IN 51242 323 26 water water NN 51242 323 27 and and CC 51242 323 28 sand sand NN 51242 323 29 . . . 51242 324 1 Further further RB 51242 324 2 , , , 51242 324 3 the the DT 51242 324 4 conduit conduit NN 51242 324 5 was be VBD 51242 324 6 so so RB 51242 324 7 shallow shallow JJ 51242 324 8 that that IN 51242 324 9 children child NNS 51242 324 10 were be VBD 51242 324 11 able able JJ 51242 324 12 to to TO 51242 324 13 get get VB 51242 324 14 at at IN 51242 324 15 the the DT 51242 324 16 conductors conductor NNS 51242 324 17 with with IN 51242 324 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 324 19 metal metal NN 51242 324 20 spades spade NNS 51242 324 21 . . . 51242 325 1 As as IN 51242 325 2 the the DT 51242 325 3 conduit conduit NN 51242 325 4 carried carry VBD 51242 325 5 the the DT 51242 325 6 return return NN 51242 325 7 wire wire NN 51242 325 8 , , , 51242 325 9 the the DT 51242 325 10 effect effect NN 51242 325 11 of of IN 51242 325 12 a a DT 51242 325 13 metallic metallic JJ 51242 325 14 contact contact NN 51242 325 15 between between IN 51242 325 16 the the DT 51242 325 17 two two CD 51242 325 18 conductors conductor NNS 51242 325 19 was be VBD 51242 325 20 to to TO 51242 325 21 cause cause VB 51242 325 22 a a DT 51242 325 23 ' ' `` 51242 325 24 short short JJ 51242 325 25 circuit circuit NN 51242 325 26 , , , 51242 325 27 ' ' '' 51242 325 28 with with IN 51242 325 29 very very RB 51242 325 30 entertaining entertaining JJ 51242 325 31 fireworks firework NNS 51242 325 32 but but CC 51242 325 33 with with IN 51242 325 34 no no DT 51242 325 35 amusing amusing JJ 51242 325 36 results result NNS 51242 325 37 for for IN 51242 325 38 the the DT 51242 325 39 tramway tramway JJ 51242 325 40 engineer engineer NN 51242 325 41 . . . 51242 326 1 After after IN 51242 326 2 a a DT 51242 326 3 heroic heroic JJ 51242 326 4 trial trial NN 51242 326 5 , , , 51242 326 6 the the DT 51242 326 7 system system NN 51242 326 8 had have VBD 51242 326 9 to to TO 51242 326 10 be be VB 51242 326 11 abandoned abandon VBN 51242 326 12 . . . 51242 327 1 Bournemouth Bournemouth NNP 51242 327 2 was be VBD 51242 327 3 the the DT 51242 327 4 next next JJ 51242 327 5 British british JJ 51242 327 6 town town NN 51242 327 7 to to TO 51242 327 8 adopt adopt VB 51242 327 9 the the DT 51242 327 10 conduit conduit NN 51242 327 11 . . . 51242 328 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 328 2 did do VBD 51242 328 3 so so RB 51242 328 4 as as IN 51242 328 5 a a DT 51242 328 6 token token NN 51242 328 7 of of IN 51242 328 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 328 9 exceptional exceptional JJ 51242 328 10 civic civic JJ 51242 328 11 pride pride NN 51242 328 12 . . . 51242 329 1 Three three CD 51242 329 2 times time NNS 51242 329 3 , , , 51242 329 4 in in IN 51242 329 5 fact fact NN 51242 329 6 , , , 51242 329 7 the the DT 51242 329 8 Bournemouth Bournemouth NNP 51242 329 9 Corporation Corporation NNP 51242 329 10 declared declare VBD 51242 329 11 that that IN 51242 329 12 it -PRON- PRP 51242 329 13 did do VBD 51242 329 14 not not RB 51242 329 15 want want VB 51242 329 16 tramways tramway NNS 51242 329 17 of of IN 51242 329 18 any any DT 51242 329 19 kind kind NN 51242 329 20 whatever whatever WDT 51242 329 21 within within IN 51242 329 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 329 23 gates gate NNS 51242 329 24 . . . 51242 330 1 And and CC 51242 330 2 when when WRB 51242 330 3 the the DT 51242 330 4 pressure pressure NN 51242 330 5 of of IN 51242 330 6 public public JJ 51242 330 7 opinion opinion NN 51242 330 8 forced force VBD 51242 330 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 330 10 consent consent NN 51242 330 11 , , , 51242 330 12 the the DT 51242 330 13 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 330 14 was be VBD 51242 330 15 made make VBN 51242 330 16 that that IN 51242 330 17 no no DT 51242 330 18 overhead overhead JJ 51242 330 19 wires wire NNS 51242 330 20 should should MD 51242 330 21 appear appear VB 51242 330 22 in in IN 51242 330 23 the the DT 51242 330 24 central central JJ 51242 330 25 district district NN 51242 330 26 of of IN 51242 330 27 the the DT 51242 330 28 town town NN 51242 330 29 . . . 51242 331 1 Several several JJ 51242 331 2 miles mile NNS 51242 331 3 of of IN 51242 331 4 conduit conduit NN 51242 331 5 tramway tramway NN 51242 331 6 were be VBD 51242 331 7 therefore therefore RB 51242 331 8 constructed construct VBN 51242 331 9 ( ( -LRB- 51242 331 10 the the DT 51242 331 11 trolley trolley NN 51242 331 12 system system NN 51242 331 13 being be VBG 51242 331 14 used use VBN 51242 331 15 for for IN 51242 331 16 the the DT 51242 331 17 outer outer JJ 51242 331 18 tramway tramway JJ 51242 331 19 routes route NNS 51242 331 20 ) ) -RRB- 51242 331 21 ; ; : 51242 331 22 and and CC 51242 331 23 as as IN 51242 331 24 by by IN 51242 331 25 that that DT 51242 331 26 time time NN 51242 331 27 a a DT 51242 331 28 good good JJ 51242 331 29 deal deal NN 51242 331 30 of of IN 51242 331 31 experience experience NN 51242 331 32 had have VBD 51242 331 33 been be VBN 51242 331 34 gained gain VBN 51242 331 35 in in IN 51242 331 36 conduit conduit NN 51242 331 37 work work NN 51242 331 38 both both DT 51242 331 39 in in IN 51242 331 40 America America NNP 51242 331 41 and and CC 51242 331 42 on on IN 51242 331 43 the the DT 51242 331 44 Continent Continent NNP 51242 331 45 , , , 51242 331 46 the the DT 51242 331 47 contractors contractor NNS 51242 331 48 were be VBD 51242 331 49 able able JJ 51242 331 50 to to TO 51242 331 51 give give VB 51242 331 52 the the DT 51242 331 53 Corporation Corporation NNP 51242 331 54 a a DT 51242 331 55 conduit conduit NN 51242 331 56 system system NN 51242 331 57 built build VBN 51242 331 58 to to TO 51242 331 59 endure endure VB 51242 331 60 . . . 51242 332 1 At at IN 51242 332 2 first first RB 51242 332 3 the the DT 51242 332 4 Corporation Corporation NNP 51242 332 5 was be VBD 51242 332 6 reconciled reconcile VBN 51242 332 7 to to IN 51242 332 8 the the DT 51242 332 9 fact fact NN 51242 332 10 that that IN 51242 332 11 the the DT 51242 332 12 conduit conduit NN 51242 332 13 sections section NNS 51242 332 14 had have VBD 51242 332 15 cost cost VBN 51242 332 16 about about RB 51242 332 17 twice twice PDT 51242 332 18 as as RB 51242 332 19 much much JJ 51242 332 20 per per IN 51242 332 21 mile mile NN 51242 332 22 as as IN 51242 332 23 the the DT 51242 332 24 trolley trolley NN 51242 332 25 lines line NNS 51242 332 26 , , , 51242 332 27 but but CC 51242 332 28 as as IN 51242 332 29 years year NNS 51242 332 30 went go VBD 51242 332 31 on on RP 51242 332 32 , , , 51242 332 33 and and CC 51242 332 34 as as IN 51242 332 35 the the DT 51242 332 36 financial financial JJ 51242 332 37 results result NNS 51242 332 38 of of IN 51242 332 39 the the DT 51242 332 40 system system NN 51242 332 41 continued continue VBD 51242 332 42 to to TO 51242 332 43 prove prove VB 51242 332 44 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 51242 332 45 , , , 51242 332 46 the the DT 51242 332 47 Corporation Corporation NNP 51242 332 48 's 's POS 51242 332 49 contentment contentment NN 51242 332 50 became become VBD 51242 332 51 modified modify VBN 51242 332 52 . . . 51242 333 1 An an DT 51242 333 2 examination examination NN 51242 333 3 of of IN 51242 333 4 the the DT 51242 333 5 accounts account NNS 51242 333 6 showed show VBD 51242 333 7 that that IN 51242 333 8 the the DT 51242 333 9 conduit conduit NN 51242 333 10 sections section NNS 51242 333 11 could could MD 51242 333 12 be be VB 51242 333 13 reconstructed reconstruct VBN 51242 333 14 on on IN 51242 333 15 the the DT 51242 333 16 overhead overhead JJ 51242 333 17 system system NN 51242 333 18 at at IN 51242 333 19 a a DT 51242 333 20 cost cost NN 51242 333 21 equal equal JJ 51242 333 22 to to IN 51242 333 23 the the DT 51242 333 24 annual annual JJ 51242 333 25 expense expense NN 51242 333 26 of of IN 51242 333 27 maintaining maintain VBG 51242 333 28 these these DT 51242 333 29 sections section NNS 51242 333 30 in in IN 51242 333 31 good good JJ 51242 333 32 working working NN 51242 333 33 order order NN 51242 333 34 . . . 51242 334 1 Since since IN 51242 334 2 the the DT 51242 334 3 public public NN 51242 334 4 had have VBD 51242 334 5 got get VBN 51242 334 6 used use VBN 51242 334 7 to to IN 51242 334 8 the the DT 51242 334 9 overhead overhead JJ 51242 334 10 wires wire NNS 51242 334 11 on on IN 51242 334 12 the the DT 51242 334 13 other other JJ 51242 334 14 sections section NNS 51242 334 15 , , , 51242 334 16 and and CC 51242 334 17 since since IN 51242 334 18 they -PRON- PRP 51242 334 19 had have VBD 51242 334 20 not not RB 51242 334 21 got get VBN 51242 334 22 used use VBN 51242 334 23 to to IN 51242 334 24 owning own VBG 51242 334 25 tramways tramway NNS 51242 334 26 which which WDT 51242 334 27 produced produce VBD 51242 334 28 a a DT 51242 334 29 heavy heavy JJ 51242 334 30 loss loss NN 51242 334 31 , , , 51242 334 32 the the DT 51242 334 33 decision decision NN 51242 334 34 was be VBD 51242 334 35 made make VBN 51242 334 36 to to TO 51242 334 37 abandon abandon VB 51242 334 38 the the DT 51242 334 39 conduit conduit NN 51242 334 40 system system NN 51242 334 41 altogether altogether RB 51242 334 42 . . . 51242 335 1 In in IN 51242 335 2 London London NNP 51242 335 3 the the DT 51242 335 4 conduit conduit NN 51242 335 5 system system NN 51242 335 6 was be VBD 51242 335 7 adopted adopt VBN 51242 335 8 by by IN 51242 335 9 the the DT 51242 335 10 London London NNP 51242 335 11 County County NNP 51242 335 12 Council Council NNP 51242 335 13 for for IN 51242 335 14 various various JJ 51242 335 15 reasons reason NNS 51242 335 16 . . . 51242 336 1 One one CD 51242 336 2 was be VBD 51242 336 3 that that IN 51242 336 4 the the DT 51242 336 5 Council Council NNP 51242 336 6 felt feel VBD 51242 336 7 that that IN 51242 336 8 London London NNP 51242 336 9 ought ought MD 51242 336 10 to to TO 51242 336 11 have have VB 51242 336 12 the the DT 51242 336 13 best good JJS 51242 336 14 , , , 51242 336 15 the the DT 51242 336 16 very very RB 51242 336 17 best good JJS 51242 336 18 , , , 51242 336 19 and and CC 51242 336 20 nothing nothing NN 51242 336 21 but but IN 51242 336 22 the the DT 51242 336 23 best good JJS 51242 336 24 . . . 51242 337 1 Another another DT 51242 337 2 was be VBD 51242 337 3 that that IN 51242 337 4 the the DT 51242 337 5 streets street NNS 51242 337 6 were be VBD 51242 337 7 so so RB 51242 337 8 congested congested JJ 51242 337 9 with with IN 51242 337 10 traffic traffic NN 51242 337 11 , , , 51242 337 12 lamp lamp NN 51242 337 13 standards standard NNS 51242 337 14 , , , 51242 337 15 telegraph telegraph NN 51242 337 16 and and CC 51242 337 17 telephone telephone NN 51242 337 18 poles pole NNS 51242 337 19 , , , 51242 337 20 and and CC 51242 337 21 other other JJ 51242 337 22 obstructions obstruction NNS 51242 337 23 , , , 51242 337 24 that that IN 51242 337 25 trolley trolley NN 51242 337 26 wires wire NNS 51242 337 27 and and CC 51242 337 28 trolley trolley NN 51242 337 29 standards standard NNS 51242 337 30 would would MD 51242 337 31 be be VB 51242 337 32 a a DT 51242 337 33 great great JJ 51242 337 34 nuisance nuisance NN 51242 337 35 and and CC 51242 337 36 a a DT 51242 337 37 serious serious JJ 51242 337 38 danger danger NN 51242 337 39 . . . 51242 338 1 Aesthetic aesthetic JJ 51242 338 2 reasons reason NNS 51242 338 3 were be VBD 51242 338 4 also also RB 51242 338 5 advanced advance VBN 51242 338 6 , , , 51242 338 7 but but CC 51242 338 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 338 9 is be VBZ 51242 338 10 difficult difficult JJ 51242 338 11 to to TO 51242 338 12 realise realise VB 51242 338 13 that that IN 51242 338 14 they -PRON- PRP 51242 338 15 had have VBD 51242 338 16 much much JJ 51242 338 17 weight weight NN 51242 338 18 in in IN 51242 338 19 connection connection NN 51242 338 20 with with IN 51242 338 21 the the DT 51242 338 22 majority majority NN 51242 338 23 of of IN 51242 338 24 metropolitan metropolitan JJ 51242 338 25 streets street NNS 51242 338 26 . . . 51242 339 1 Trolley trolley NN 51242 339 2 wires wire NNS 51242 339 3 were be VBD 51242 339 4 , , , 51242 339 5 in in IN 51242 339 6 fact fact NN 51242 339 7 , , , 51242 339 8 freely freely RB 51242 339 9 erected erect VBN 51242 339 10 in in IN 51242 339 11 suburban suburban JJ 51242 339 12 streets street NNS 51242 339 13 where where WRB 51242 339 14 there there EX 51242 339 15 was be VBD 51242 339 16 a a DT 51242 339 17 certain certain JJ 51242 339 18 amount amount NN 51242 339 19 of of IN 51242 339 20 beauty beauty NN 51242 339 21 worth worth JJ 51242 339 22 preserving preserve VBG 51242 339 23 . . . 51242 340 1 The the DT 51242 340 2 main main JJ 51242 340 3 underlying underlying JJ 51242 340 4 reason reason NN 51242 340 5 , , , 51242 340 6 no no RB 51242 340 7 doubt doubt RB 51242 340 8 , , , 51242 340 9 was be VBD 51242 340 10 the the DT 51242 340 11 feeling feeling NN 51242 340 12 that that IN 51242 340 13 London London NNP 51242 340 14 could could MD 51242 340 15 afford afford VB 51242 340 16 the the DT 51242 340 17 most most RBS 51242 340 18 costly costly JJ 51242 340 19 system system NN 51242 340 20 . . . 51242 341 1 In in IN 51242 341 2 any any DT 51242 341 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 341 4 city city NN 51242 341 5 ( ( -LRB- 51242 341 6 and and CC 51242 341 7 perhaps perhaps RB 51242 341 8 in in IN 51242 341 9 London London NNP 51242 341 10 as as RB 51242 341 11 well well RB 51242 341 12 ) ) -RRB- 51242 341 13 the the DT 51242 341 14 conduit conduit NN 51242 341 15 must must MD 51242 341 16 be be VB 51242 341 17 regarded regard VBN 51242 341 18 as as IN 51242 341 19 a a DT 51242 341 20 luxury luxury NN 51242 341 21 . . . 51242 342 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 342 2 involves involve VBZ 51242 342 3 a a DT 51242 342 4 continuous continuous JJ 51242 342 5 road road NN 51242 342 6 excavation excavation NN 51242 342 7 so so RB 51242 342 8 deep deep RB 51242 342 9 that that IN 51242 342 10 a a DT 51242 342 11 great great JJ 51242 342 12 deal deal NN 51242 342 13 of of IN 51242 342 14 incidental incidental JJ 51242 342 15 work work NN 51242 342 16 has have VBZ 51242 342 17 frequently frequently RB 51242 342 18 to to TO 51242 342 19 be be VB 51242 342 20 done do VBN 51242 342 21 in in IN 51242 342 22 moving move VBG 51242 342 23 gas gas NN 51242 342 24 , , , 51242 342 25 water water NN 51242 342 26 , , , 51242 342 27 and and CC 51242 342 28 drain drain VB 51242 342 29 pipes pipe NNS 51242 342 30 out out IN 51242 342 31 of of IN 51242 342 32 the the DT 51242 342 33 way way NN 51242 342 34 . . . 51242 343 1 The the DT 51242 343 2 conduit conduit NN 51242 343 3 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 343 4 is be VBZ 51242 343 5 a a DT 51242 343 6 thick thick JJ 51242 343 7 channel channel NN 51242 343 8 of of IN 51242 343 9 concrete concrete NN 51242 343 10 , , , 51242 343 11 strengthened strengthen VBN 51242 343 12 at at IN 51242 343 13 intervals interval NNS 51242 343 14 of of IN 51242 343 15 a a DT 51242 343 16 few few JJ 51242 343 17 feet foot NNS 51242 343 18 with with IN 51242 343 19 heavy heavy JJ 51242 343 20 cast cast NN 51242 343 21 iron iron NN 51242 343 22 ' ' `` 51242 343 23 yokes yoke NNS 51242 343 24 ' ' '' 51242 343 25 which which WDT 51242 343 26 support support VBP 51242 343 27 the the DT 51242 343 28 ' ' `` 51242 343 29 rails rail NNS 51242 343 30 ' ' '' 51242 343 31 forming form VBG 51242 343 32 the the DT 51242 343 33 lips lip NNS 51242 343 34 of of IN 51242 343 35 the the DT 51242 343 36 slot slot NN 51242 343 37 through through IN 51242 343 38 which which WDT 51242 343 39 the the DT 51242 343 40 ' ' `` 51242 343 41 plough plough NN 51242 343 42 ' ' '' 51242 343 43 of of IN 51242 343 44 the the DT 51242 343 45 car car NN 51242 343 46 passes pass VBZ 51242 343 47 . . . 51242 344 1 Elaborate elaborate JJ 51242 344 2 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 344 3 have have VBP 51242 344 4 to to TO 51242 344 5 be be VB 51242 344 6 made make VBN 51242 344 7 for for IN 51242 344 8 draining drain VBG 51242 344 9 the the DT 51242 344 10 conduit conduit NN 51242 344 11 , , , 51242 344 12 as as IN 51242 344 13 any any DT 51242 344 14 accumulation accumulation NN 51242 344 15 of of IN 51242 344 16 mud mud NN 51242 344 17 or or CC 51242 344 18 water water NN 51242 344 19 in in IN 51242 344 20 contact contact NN 51242 344 21 with with IN 51242 344 22 the the DT 51242 344 23 conductors conductor NNS 51242 344 24 , , , 51242 344 25 or or CC 51242 344 26 the the DT 51242 344 27 special special JJ 51242 344 28 insulators insulator NNS 51242 344 29 supporting support VBG 51242 344 30 them -PRON- PRP 51242 344 31 , , , 51242 344 32 would would MD 51242 344 33 be be VB 51242 344 34 fatal fatal JJ 51242 344 35 to to IN 51242 344 36 the the DT 51242 344 37 working working NN 51242 344 38 of of IN 51242 344 39 the the DT 51242 344 40 system system NN 51242 344 41 . . . 51242 345 1 And and CC 51242 345 2 in in IN 51242 345 3 practice practice NN 51242 345 4 the the DT 51242 345 5 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 345 6 drainage drainage NN 51242 345 7 has have VBZ 51242 345 8 to to TO 51242 345 9 be be VB 51242 345 10 assisted assist VBN 51242 345 11 by by IN 51242 345 12 continual continual JJ 51242 345 13 scraping scraping NN 51242 345 14 of of IN 51242 345 15 the the DT 51242 345 16 conduit conduit NN 51242 345 17 with with IN 51242 345 18 special special JJ 51242 345 19 brushes brush NNS 51242 345 20 and and CC 51242 345 21 by by IN 51242 345 22 repeated repeat VBN 51242 345 23 flushing flush VBG 51242 345 24 during during IN 51242 345 25 the the DT 51242 345 26 hours hour NNS 51242 345 27 when when WRB 51242 345 28 the the DT 51242 345 29 cars car NNS 51242 345 30 are be VBP 51242 345 31 not not RB 51242 345 32 running run VBG 51242 345 33 . . . 51242 346 1 Heavy heavy JJ 51242 346 2 rains rain NNS 51242 346 3 and and CC 51242 346 4 snowstorms snowstorm NNS 51242 346 5 are be VBP 51242 346 6 therefore therefore RB 51242 346 7 liable liable JJ 51242 346 8 to to TO 51242 346 9 upset upset VB 51242 346 10 the the DT 51242 346 11 working working NN 51242 346 12 of of IN 51242 346 13 the the DT 51242 346 14 system system NN 51242 346 15 ; ; : 51242 346 16 and and CC 51242 346 17 the the DT 51242 346 18 tramway tramway JJ 51242 346 19 manager manager NN 51242 346 20 has have VBZ 51242 346 21 to to TO 51242 346 22 employ employ VB 51242 346 23 quite quite PDT 51242 346 24 an an DT 51242 346 25 army army NN 51242 346 26 of of IN 51242 346 27 men man NNS 51242 346 28 simply simply RB 51242 346 29 to to TO 51242 346 30 keep keep VB 51242 346 31 the the DT 51242 346 32 conduit conduit NN 51242 346 33 in in IN 51242 346 34 working working NN 51242 346 35 order order NN 51242 346 36 . . . 51242 347 1 Trouble trouble NN 51242 347 2 is be VBZ 51242 347 3 also also RB 51242 347 4 apt apt JJ 51242 347 5 to to TO 51242 347 6 be be VB 51242 347 7 caused cause VBN 51242 347 8 by by IN 51242 347 9 purely purely RB 51242 347 10 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 347 11 means mean NNS 51242 347 12 . . . 51242 348 1 On on IN 51242 348 2 one one CD 51242 348 3 occasion occasion NN 51242 348 4 a a DT 51242 348 5 child child NN 51242 348 6 's 's POS 51242 348 7 hoop hoop NN 51242 348 8 fell fall VBD 51242 348 9 through through IN 51242 348 10 the the DT 51242 348 11 slot slot NN 51242 348 12 and and CC 51242 348 13 caused cause VBD 51242 348 14 a a DT 51242 348 15 short short JJ 51242 348 16 circuit circuit NN 51242 348 17 . . . 51242 349 1 As as IN 51242 349 2 the the DT 51242 349 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 349 4 scrapers scraper NNS 51242 349 5 slipped slip VBD 51242 349 6 over over IN 51242 349 7 the the DT 51242 349 8 hoop hoop NN 51242 349 9 , , , 51242 349 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 349 11 presence presence NN 51242 349 12 was be VBD 51242 349 13 not not RB 51242 349 14 detected detect VBN 51242 349 15 for for IN 51242 349 16 a a DT 51242 349 17 considerable considerable JJ 51242 349 18 time time NN 51242 349 19 , , , 51242 349 20 during during IN 51242 349 21 which which WDT 51242 349 22 the the DT 51242 349 23 tramway tramway JJ 51242 349 24 service service NN 51242 349 25 was be VBD 51242 349 26 at at IN 51242 349 27 a a DT 51242 349 28 standstill standstill NN 51242 349 29 . . . 51242 350 1 Altogether altogether RB 51242 350 2 there there EX 51242 350 3 is be VBZ 51242 350 4 a a DT 51242 350 5 greater great JJR 51242 350 6 liability liability NN 51242 350 7 to to TO 51242 350 8 interruption interruption NN 51242 350 9 on on IN 51242 350 10 the the DT 51242 350 11 conduit conduit NN 51242 350 12 system system NN 51242 350 13 than than IN 51242 350 14 on on IN 51242 350 15 the the DT 51242 350 16 overhead overhead JJ 51242 350 17 system system NN 51242 350 18 . . . 51242 351 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 351 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 351 3 : : : 51242 351 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 351 5 . . . 51242 352 1 5 5 CD 51242 352 2 . . . 51242 353 1 The the DT 51242 353 2 upper upper JJ 51242 353 3 portion portion NN 51242 353 4 of of IN 51242 353 5 the the DT 51242 353 6 illustration illustration NN 51242 353 7 shows show VBZ 51242 353 8 a a DT 51242 353 9 section section NN 51242 353 10 of of IN 51242 353 11 a a DT 51242 353 12 typical typical JJ 51242 353 13 conduit conduit NN 51242 353 14 system system NN 51242 353 15 of of IN 51242 353 16 electric electric JJ 51242 353 17 tramway tramway JJ 51242 353 18 traction traction NN 51242 353 19 . . . 51242 354 1 This this DT 51242 354 2 section section NN 51242 354 3 is be VBZ 51242 354 4 taken take VBN 51242 354 5 at at IN 51242 354 6 one one CD 51242 354 7 of of IN 51242 354 8 the the DT 51242 354 9 cast cast NN 51242 354 10 - - HYPH 51242 354 11 iron iron NN 51242 354 12 ' ' '' 51242 354 13 yokes yoke NNS 51242 354 14 ' ' '' 51242 354 15 which which WDT 51242 354 16 support support VBP 51242 354 17 the the DT 51242 354 18 rails rail NNS 51242 354 19 forming form VBG 51242 354 20 the the DT 51242 354 21 slot slot NN 51242 354 22 through through IN 51242 354 23 which which WDT 51242 354 24 the the DT 51242 354 25 ' ' `` 51242 354 26 plough plough NN 51242 354 27 ' ' '' 51242 354 28 passes pass VBZ 51242 354 29 from from IN 51242 354 30 the the DT 51242 354 31 car car NN 51242 354 32 to to TO 51242 354 33 make make VB 51242 354 34 contact contact NN 51242 354 35 with with IN 51242 354 36 the the DT 51242 354 37 conductor conductor NN 51242 354 38 rails rail NNS 51242 354 39 . . . 51242 355 1 The the DT 51242 355 2 lower low JJR 51242 355 3 illustration illustration NN 51242 355 4 gives give VBZ 51242 355 5 a a DT 51242 355 6 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 51242 355 7 and and CC 51242 355 8 transverse transverse JJ 51242 355 9 section section NN 51242 355 10 of of IN 51242 355 11 the the DT 51242 355 12 ' ' `` 51242 355 13 G G NNP 51242 355 14 - - HYPH 51242 355 15 B. B. NNP 51242 355 16 ' ' '' 51242 356 1 system system NN 51242 356 2 of of IN 51242 356 3 surface surface NN 51242 356 4 - - HYPH 51242 356 5 contact contact NN 51242 356 6 tramway tramway JJ 51242 356 7 traction traction NN 51242 356 8 . . . 51242 357 1 The the DT 51242 357 2 rope rope NN 51242 357 3 - - HYPH 51242 357 4 like like JJ 51242 357 5 cable cable NN 51242 357 6 carries carry VBZ 51242 357 7 the the DT 51242 357 8 current current NN 51242 357 9 and and CC 51242 357 10 is be VBZ 51242 357 11 supported support VBN 51242 357 12 on on IN 51242 357 13 insulators insulator NNS 51242 357 14 . . . 51242 358 1 When when WRB 51242 358 2 the the DT 51242 358 3 collector collector NN 51242 358 4 on on IN 51242 358 5 the the DT 51242 358 6 car car NN 51242 358 7 covers cover VBZ 51242 358 8 the the DT 51242 358 9 stud stud NN 51242 358 10 , , , 51242 358 11 the the DT 51242 358 12 action action NN 51242 358 13 of of IN 51242 358 14 the the DT 51242 358 15 magnet magnet NN 51242 358 16 draws draw VBZ 51242 358 17 the the DT 51242 358 18 lower low JJR 51242 358 19 part part NN 51242 358 20 of of IN 51242 358 21 the the DT 51242 358 22 stud stud NN 51242 358 23 into into IN 51242 358 24 contact contact NN 51242 358 25 with with IN 51242 358 26 the the DT 51242 358 27 cable cable NN 51242 358 28 , , , 51242 358 29 thus thus RB 51242 358 30 supplying supply VBG 51242 358 31 current current NN 51242 358 32 to to IN 51242 358 33 the the DT 51242 358 34 car car NN 51242 358 35 . . . 51242 359 1 After after IN 51242 359 2 the the DT 51242 359 3 car car NN 51242 359 4 has have VBZ 51242 359 5 passed pass VBN 51242 359 6 , , , 51242 359 7 the the DT 51242 359 8 lower low JJR 51242 359 9 part part NN 51242 359 10 of of IN 51242 359 11 the the DT 51242 359 12 stud stud NN 51242 359 13 rises rise VBZ 51242 359 14 by by IN 51242 359 15 the the DT 51242 359 16 action action NN 51242 359 17 of of IN 51242 359 18 a a DT 51242 359 19 spring spring NN 51242 359 20 and and CC 51242 359 21 , , , 51242 359 22 breaking break VBG 51242 359 23 contact contact NN 51242 359 24 with with IN 51242 359 25 the the DT 51242 359 26 ' ' `` 51242 359 27 live live NN 51242 359 28 ' ' '' 51242 359 29 cable cable NN 51242 359 30 , , , 51242 359 31 becomes become VBZ 51242 359 32 dead dead JJ 51242 359 33 . . . 51242 360 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 360 2 In in IN 51242 360 3 actual actual JJ 51242 360 4 practice practice NN 51242 360 5 contact contact NN 51242 360 6 would would MD 51242 360 7 be be VB 51242 360 8 made make VBN 51242 360 9 under under IN 51242 360 10 the the DT 51242 360 11 conditions condition NNS 51242 360 12 shown show VBN 51242 360 13 in in IN 51242 360 14 the the DT 51242 360 15 left left JJ 51242 360 16 - - HYPH 51242 360 17 hand hand NN 51242 360 18 diagram diagram NN 51242 360 19 . . . 51242 360 20 ) ) -RRB- 51242 360 21 ] ] -RRB- 51242 361 1 Experience experience NN 51242 361 2 of of IN 51242 361 3 these these DT 51242 361 4 drawbacks drawback NNS 51242 361 5 led lead VBD 51242 361 6 the the DT 51242 361 7 London London NNP 51242 361 8 County County NNP 51242 361 9 Council Council NNP 51242 361 10 to to TO 51242 361 11 seek seek VB 51242 361 12 an an DT 51242 361 13 alternative alternative NN 51242 361 14 to to IN 51242 361 15 the the DT 51242 361 16 conduit conduit NN 51242 361 17 when when WRB 51242 361 18 constructing construct VBG 51242 361 19 electric electric JJ 51242 361 20 lines line NNS 51242 361 21 in in IN 51242 361 22 the the DT 51242 361 23 north north NN 51242 361 24 of of IN 51242 361 25 London London NNP 51242 361 26 . . . 51242 362 1 Many many JJ 51242 362 2 of of IN 51242 362 3 the the DT 51242 362 4 borough borough NN 51242 362 5 councils council NNS 51242 362 6 , , , 51242 362 7 following follow VBG 51242 362 8 the the DT 51242 362 9 County County NNP 51242 362 10 Council Council NNP 51242 362 11 's 's POS 51242 362 12 own own JJ 51242 362 13 previous previous JJ 51242 362 14 arguments argument NNS 51242 362 15 , , , 51242 362 16 would would MD 51242 362 17 not not RB 51242 362 18 listen listen VB 51242 362 19 to to IN 51242 362 20 the the DT 51242 362 21 suggestion suggestion NN 51242 362 22 of of IN 51242 362 23 the the DT 51242 362 24 overhead overhead JJ 51242 362 25 system system NN 51242 362 26 ; ; : 51242 362 27 and and CC 51242 362 28 a a DT 51242 362 29 freshly freshly RB 51242 362 30 - - HYPH 51242 362 31 elected elect VBN 51242 362 32 Council Council NNP 51242 362 33 , , , 51242 362 34 pledged pledge VBD 51242 362 35 to to IN 51242 362 36 a a DT 51242 362 37 policy policy NN 51242 362 38 of of IN 51242 362 39 economy economy NN 51242 362 40 , , , 51242 362 41 determined determined JJ 51242 362 42 to to TO 51242 362 43 try try VB 51242 362 44 the the DT 51242 362 45 surface surface NN 51242 362 46 - - HYPH 51242 362 47 contact contact NN 51242 362 48 system system NN 51242 362 49 . . . 51242 363 1 How how WRB 51242 363 2 this this DT 51242 363 3 trial trial NN 51242 363 4 gave give VBD 51242 363 5 rise rise NN 51242 363 6 to to IN 51242 363 7 a a DT 51242 363 8 violent violent JJ 51242 363 9 political political JJ 51242 363 10 controversy controversy NN 51242 363 11 , , , 51242 363 12 leading lead VBG 51242 363 13 to to IN 51242 363 14 the the DT 51242 363 15 abandonment abandonment NN 51242 363 16 of of IN 51242 363 17 the the DT 51242 363 18 project project NN 51242 363 19 and and CC 51242 363 20 culminating culminate VBG 51242 363 21 in in IN 51242 363 22 important important JJ 51242 363 23 libel libel NN 51242 363 24 actions action NNS 51242 363 25 , , , 51242 363 26 forms form VBZ 51242 363 27 a a DT 51242 363 28 picturesque picturesque NN 51242 363 29 story story NN 51242 363 30 which which WDT 51242 363 31 need nee MD 51242 363 32 not not RB 51242 363 33 be be VB 51242 363 34 told tell VBN 51242 363 35 in in IN 51242 363 36 detail detail NN 51242 363 37 here here RB 51242 363 38 . . . 51242 364 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 364 2 main main JJ 51242 364 3 interest interest NN 51242 364 4 lies lie NNS 51242 364 5 , , , 51242 364 6 for for IN 51242 364 7 the the DT 51242 364 8 moment moment NN 51242 364 9 , , , 51242 364 10 in in IN 51242 364 11 the the DT 51242 364 12 emphasis emphasis NN 51242 364 13 which which WDT 51242 364 14 the the DT 51242 364 15 incidents incident NNS 51242 364 16 give give VBP 51242 364 17 to to IN 51242 364 18 a a DT 51242 364 19 characteristic characteristic NN 51242 364 20 of of IN 51242 364 21 the the DT 51242 364 22 surface surface NN 51242 364 23 - - HYPH 51242 364 24 contact contact NN 51242 364 25 system system NN 51242 364 26 -- -- : 51242 364 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 364 28 sensitiveness sensitiveness NN 51242 364 29 to to TO 51242 364 30 minute minute VB 51242 364 31 alterations alteration NNS 51242 364 32 in in IN 51242 364 33 detail detail NN 51242 364 34 . . . 51242 365 1 The the DT 51242 365 2 surface surface NN 51242 365 3 - - HYPH 51242 365 4 contact contact NN 51242 365 5 or or CC 51242 365 6 ' ' `` 51242 365 7 stud stud NN 51242 365 8 ' ' '' 51242 365 9 system system NN 51242 365 10 is be VBZ 51242 365 11 really really RB 51242 365 12 a a DT 51242 365 13 modification modification NN 51242 365 14 of of IN 51242 365 15 the the DT 51242 365 16 conduit conduit NN 51242 365 17 system system NN 51242 365 18 . . . 51242 366 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 366 2 has have VBZ 51242 366 3 , , , 51242 366 4 in in IN 51242 366 5 fact fact NN 51242 366 6 , , , 51242 366 7 been be VBN 51242 366 8 called call VBN 51242 366 9 the the DT 51242 366 10 ' ' `` 51242 366 11 closed closed JJ 51242 366 12 conduit conduit NN 51242 366 13 . . . 51242 366 14 ' ' '' 51242 367 1 The the DT 51242 367 2 electric electric JJ 51242 367 3 wires wire NNS 51242 367 4 are be VBP 51242 367 5 again again RB 51242 367 6 placed place VBN 51242 367 7 in in IN 51242 367 8 a a DT 51242 367 9 channel channel NN 51242 367 10 or or CC 51242 367 11 pipe pipe NN 51242 367 12 underground underground RB 51242 367 13 , , , 51242 367 14 but but CC 51242 367 15 instead instead RB 51242 367 16 of of IN 51242 367 17 being be VBG 51242 367 18 accessible accessible JJ 51242 367 19 through through IN 51242 367 20 a a DT 51242 367 21 slot slot NN 51242 367 22 , , , 51242 367 23 contact contact NN 51242 367 24 can can MD 51242 367 25 be be VB 51242 367 26 made make VBN 51242 367 27 with with IN 51242 367 28 them -PRON- PRP 51242 367 29 only only RB 51242 367 30 through through IN 51242 367 31 metal metal NN 51242 367 32 studs stud NNS 51242 367 33 placed place VBN 51242 367 34 at at IN 51242 367 35 intervals interval NNS 51242 367 36 flush flush JJ 51242 367 37 with with IN 51242 367 38 the the DT 51242 367 39 roadway roadway NN 51242 367 40 . . . 51242 368 1 By by IN 51242 368 2 special special JJ 51242 368 3 electro electro NNP 51242 368 4 - - HYPH 51242 368 5 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 368 6 devices device NNS 51242 368 7 in in IN 51242 368 8 the the DT 51242 368 9 stud stud NN 51242 368 10 and and CC 51242 368 11 on on IN 51242 368 12 the the DT 51242 368 13 car car NN 51242 368 14 , , , 51242 368 15 the the DT 51242 368 16 stud stud NN 51242 368 17 is be VBZ 51242 368 18 brought bring VBN 51242 368 19 into into IN 51242 368 20 contact contact NN 51242 368 21 with with IN 51242 368 22 the the DT 51242 368 23 ' ' `` 51242 368 24 live live JJ 51242 368 25 ' ' '' 51242 368 26 underground underground JJ 51242 368 27 wire wire NN 51242 368 28 only only RB 51242 368 29 when when WRB 51242 368 30 the the DT 51242 368 31 car car NN 51242 368 32 is be VBZ 51242 368 33 over over IN 51242 368 34 it -PRON- PRP 51242 368 35 . . . 51242 369 1 That that DT 51242 369 2 is be VBZ 51242 369 3 to to TO 51242 369 4 say say VB 51242 369 5 , , , 51242 369 6 the the DT 51242 369 7 studs stud NNS 51242 369 8 covered cover VBD 51242 369 9 and and CC 51242 369 10 protected protect VBN 51242 369 11 by by IN 51242 369 12 the the DT 51242 369 13 car car NN 51242 369 14 will will MD 51242 369 15 be be VB 51242 369 16 ' ' `` 51242 369 17 live live VB 51242 369 18 ' ' '' 51242 369 19 and and CC 51242 369 20 supplying supply VBG 51242 369 21 power power NN 51242 369 22 to to IN 51242 369 23 the the DT 51242 369 24 car car NN 51242 369 25 through through IN 51242 369 26 a a DT 51242 369 27 sliding slide VBG 51242 369 28 brush brush NN 51242 369 29 or or CC 51242 369 30 ' ' `` 51242 369 31 skate skate NN 51242 369 32 , , , 51242 369 33 ' ' '' 51242 369 34 while while IN 51242 369 35 those those DT 51242 369 36 not not RB 51242 369 37 so so RB 51242 369 38 protected protected JJ 51242 369 39 will will MD 51242 369 40 be be VB 51242 369 41 ' ' `` 51242 369 42 dead dead JJ 51242 369 43 ' ' '' 51242 369 44 and and CC 51242 369 45 therefore therefore RB 51242 369 46 of of IN 51242 369 47 no no DT 51242 369 48 danger danger NN 51242 369 49 to to IN 51242 369 50 the the DT 51242 369 51 public public NN 51242 369 52 . . . 51242 370 1 An an DT 51242 370 2 immense immense JJ 51242 370 3 amount amount NN 51242 370 4 of of IN 51242 370 5 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 370 6 has have VBZ 51242 370 7 been be VBN 51242 370 8 expended expend VBN 51242 370 9 by by IN 51242 370 10 many many JJ 51242 370 11 engineers engineer NNS 51242 370 12 in in IN 51242 370 13 devising devise VBG 51242 370 14 studs stud NNS 51242 370 15 to to TO 51242 370 16 act act VB 51242 370 17 with with IN 51242 370 18 absolute absolute JJ 51242 370 19 certainty certainty NN 51242 370 20 under under IN 51242 370 21 all all DT 51242 370 22 conditions condition NNS 51242 370 23 . . . 51242 371 1 In in IN 51242 371 2 the the DT 51242 371 3 laboratory laboratory NN 51242 371 4 or or CC 51242 371 5 the the DT 51242 371 6 workshop workshop NN 51242 371 7 , , , 51242 371 8 and and CC 51242 371 9 even even RB 51242 371 10 on on IN 51242 371 11 an an DT 51242 371 12 experimental experimental JJ 51242 371 13 track track NN 51242 371 14 , , , 51242 371 15 it -PRON- PRP 51242 371 16 was be VBD 51242 371 17 simple simple JJ 51242 371 18 enough enough RB 51242 371 19 to to TO 51242 371 20 arrange arrange VB 51242 371 21 a a DT 51242 371 22 mechanism mechanism NN 51242 371 23 which which WDT 51242 371 24 would would MD 51242 371 25 ' ' `` 51242 371 26 make make VB 51242 371 27 ' ' '' 51242 371 28 and and CC 51242 371 29 ' ' `` 51242 371 30 break break VB 51242 371 31 ' ' '' 51242 371 32 contact contact NN 51242 371 33 with with IN 51242 371 34 admirable admirable JJ 51242 371 35 regularity regularity NN 51242 371 36 . . . 51242 372 1 But but CC 51242 372 2 when when WRB 51242 372 3 it -PRON- PRP 51242 372 4 came come VBD 51242 372 5 to to IN 51242 372 6 putting put VBG 51242 372 7 the the DT 51242 372 8 mechanism mechanism NN 51242 372 9 down down RP 51242 372 10 on on IN 51242 372 11 an an DT 51242 372 12 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 372 13 roadway roadway NN 51242 372 14 , , , 51242 372 15 to to TO 51242 372 16 be be VB 51242 372 17 covered cover VBN 51242 372 18 with with IN 51242 372 19 mud mud NN 51242 372 20 , , , 51242 372 21 pounded pound VBN 51242 372 22 by by IN 51242 372 23 heavy heavy JJ 51242 372 24 traffic traffic NN 51242 372 25 , , , 51242 372 26 and and CC 51242 372 27 subjected subject VBN 51242 372 28 to to IN 51242 372 29 the the DT 51242 372 30 action action NN 51242 372 31 of of IN 51242 372 32 damp damp NN 51242 372 33 , , , 51242 372 34 frost frost NN 51242 372 35 , , , 51242 372 36 heat heat NN 51242 372 37 , , , 51242 372 38 and and CC 51242 372 39 all all DT 51242 372 40 sorts sort NNS 51242 372 41 of of IN 51242 372 42 unexpected unexpected JJ 51242 372 43 influences influence NNS 51242 372 44 , , , 51242 372 45 much much RB 51242 372 46 less less RBR 51242 372 47 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 51242 372 48 results result NNS 51242 372 49 were be VBD 51242 372 50 obtained obtain VBN 51242 372 51 . . . 51242 373 1 Time time NN 51242 373 2 and and CC 51242 373 3 again again RB 51242 373 4 the the DT 51242 373 5 hopes hope NNS 51242 373 6 of of IN 51242 373 7 engineers engineer NNS 51242 373 8 were be VBD 51242 373 9 dashed dash VBN 51242 373 10 by by IN 51242 373 11 a a DT 51242 373 12 succession succession NN 51242 373 13 of of IN 51242 373 14 petty petty JJ 51242 373 15 troubles trouble NNS 51242 373 16 -- -- : 51242 373 17 some some DT 51242 373 18 of of IN 51242 373 19 them -PRON- PRP 51242 373 20 obscure obscure VBP 51242 373 21 , , , 51242 373 22 most most JJS 51242 373 23 of of IN 51242 373 24 them -PRON- PRP 51242 373 25 unforeseen unforeseen JJ 51242 373 26 . . . 51242 374 1 The the DT 51242 374 2 weak weak JJ 51242 374 3 points point NNS 51242 374 4 in in IN 51242 374 5 nearly nearly RB 51242 374 6 all all PDT 51242 374 7 the the DT 51242 374 8 systems system NNS 51242 374 9 were be VBD 51242 374 10 the the DT 51242 374 11 insulation insulation NN 51242 374 12 of of IN 51242 374 13 electrical electrical JJ 51242 374 14 parts part NNS 51242 374 15 and and CC 51242 374 16 the the DT 51242 374 17 road road NN 51242 374 18 construction construction NN 51242 374 19 work work NN 51242 374 20 . . . 51242 375 1 Lack lack NN 51242 375 2 of of IN 51242 375 3 simplicity simplicity NN 51242 375 4 and and CC 51242 375 5 rigidity rigidity NN 51242 375 6 led lead VBD 51242 375 7 to to IN 51242 375 8 the the DT 51242 375 9 introduction introduction NN 51242 375 10 of of IN 51242 375 11 moisture moisture NN 51242 375 12 and and CC 51242 375 13 to to IN 51242 375 14 the the DT 51242 375 15 shifting shifting NN 51242 375 16 of of IN 51242 375 17 parts part NNS 51242 375 18 so so IN 51242 375 19 that that IN 51242 375 20 studs stud NNS 51242 375 21 jammed jam VBD 51242 375 22 and and CC 51242 375 23 remained remain VBD 51242 375 24 ' ' `` 51242 375 25 alive alive JJ 51242 375 26 ' ' '' 51242 375 27 after after IN 51242 375 28 the the DT 51242 375 29 car car NN 51242 375 30 had have VBD 51242 375 31 passed pass VBN 51242 375 32 over over IN 51242 375 33 them -PRON- PRP 51242 375 34 . . . 51242 376 1 But but CC 51242 376 2 even even RB 51242 376 3 after after IN 51242 376 4 the the DT 51242 376 5 practical practical JJ 51242 376 6 elimination elimination NN 51242 376 7 of of IN 51242 376 8 these these DT 51242 376 9 troubles trouble NNS 51242 376 10 the the DT 51242 376 11 success success NN 51242 376 12 of of IN 51242 376 13 the the DT 51242 376 14 surface surface NN 51242 376 15 - - HYPH 51242 376 16 contact contact NN 51242 376 17 system system NN 51242 376 18 seemed seem VBD 51242 376 19 as as RB 51242 376 20 sensitive sensitive JJ 51242 376 21 as as IN 51242 376 22 the the DT 51242 376 23 system system NN 51242 376 24 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 376 25 . . . 51242 377 1 One one CD 51242 377 2 system system NN 51242 377 3 was be VBD 51242 377 4 tried try VBN 51242 377 5 at at IN 51242 377 6 Torquay Torquay NNP 51242 377 7 , , , 51242 377 8 and and CC 51242 377 9 discontinued discontinue VBN 51242 377 10 after after IN 51242 377 11 a a DT 51242 377 12 protracted protract VBN 51242 377 13 trial trial NN 51242 377 14 on on IN 51242 377 15 a a DT 51242 377 16 large large JJ 51242 377 17 scale scale NN 51242 377 18 . . . 51242 378 1 Another another DT 51242 378 2 system system NN 51242 378 3 -- -- : 51242 378 4 the the DT 51242 378 5 Lorain Lorain NNP 51242 378 6 system system NN 51242 378 7 -- -- : 51242 378 8 was be VBD 51242 378 9 installed instal VBN 51242 378 10 at at IN 51242 378 11 Wolverhampton Wolverhampton NNP 51242 378 12 and and CC 51242 378 13 is be VBZ 51242 378 14 still still RB 51242 378 15 in in IN 51242 378 16 operation operation NN 51242 378 17 , , , 51242 378 18 but but CC 51242 378 19 without without IN 51242 378 20 imitators imitator NNS 51242 378 21 . . . 51242 379 1 A a DT 51242 379 2 third third JJ 51242 379 3 system system NN 51242 379 4 -- -- : 51242 379 5 the the DT 51242 379 6 Griffiths Griffiths NNP 51242 379 7 - - HYPH 51242 379 8 Bedell Bedell NNP 51242 379 9 or or CC 51242 379 10 G G NNP 51242 379 11 - - HYPH 51242 379 12 B. B. NNP 51242 380 1 system system NN 51242 380 2 -- -- : 51242 380 3 was be VBD 51242 380 4 installed instal VBN 51242 380 5 in in IN 51242 380 6 1905 1905 CD 51242 380 7 at at IN 51242 380 8 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 51242 380 9 , , , 51242 380 10 with with IN 51242 380 11 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 51242 380 12 results result NNS 51242 380 13 . . . 51242 381 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 381 2 was be VBD 51242 381 3 the the DT 51242 381 4 G G NNP 51242 381 5 - - HYPH 51242 381 6 B. B. NNP 51242 382 1 system system NN 51242 382 2 which which WDT 51242 382 3 was be VBD 51242 382 4 offered offer VBN 51242 382 5 to to IN 51242 382 6 the the DT 51242 382 7 metropolitan metropolitan JJ 51242 382 8 borough borough NN 51242 382 9 councils council NNS 51242 382 10 as as IN 51242 382 11 an an DT 51242 382 12 alternative alternative NN 51242 382 13 to to IN 51242 382 14 the the DT 51242 382 15 conduit conduit NN 51242 382 16 and and CC 51242 382 17 the the DT 51242 382 18 trolley trolley NN 51242 382 19 . . . 51242 383 1 A a DT 51242 383 2 trial trial NN 51242 383 3 section section NN 51242 383 4 was be VBD 51242 383 5 laid lay VBN 51242 383 6 down down RP 51242 383 7 in in IN 51242 383 8 1898 1898 CD 51242 383 9 in in IN 51242 383 10 the the DT 51242 383 11 Bow Bow NNP 51242 383 12 Road Road NNP 51242 383 13 , , , 51242 383 14 and and CC 51242 383 15 a a DT 51242 383 16 certain certain JJ 51242 383 17 amount amount NN 51242 383 18 of of IN 51242 383 19 trouble trouble NN 51242 383 20 was be VBD 51242 383 21 experienced experience VBN 51242 383 22 with with IN 51242 383 23 live live JJ 51242 383 24 studs stud NNS 51242 383 25 and and CC 51242 383 26 with with IN 51242 383 27 various various JJ 51242 383 28 parts part NNS 51242 383 29 of of IN 51242 383 30 the the DT 51242 383 31 equipment equipment NN 51242 383 32 . . . 51242 384 1 Owing owe VBG 51242 384 2 to to IN 51242 384 3 the the DT 51242 384 4 stud stud NN 51242 384 5 system system NN 51242 384 6 having have VBG 51242 384 7 been be VBN 51242 384 8 suggested suggest VBN 51242 384 9 by by IN 51242 384 10 the the DT 51242 384 11 Moderate Moderate NNP 51242 384 12 Party Party NNP 51242 384 13 , , , 51242 384 14 the the DT 51242 384 15 experimental experimental JJ 51242 384 16 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 384 17 were be VBD 51242 384 18 extensively extensively RB 51242 384 19 advertised advertise VBN 51242 384 20 by by IN 51242 384 21 members member NNS 51242 384 22 of of IN 51242 384 23 the the DT 51242 384 24 Progressive Progressive NNP 51242 384 25 Party Party NNP 51242 384 26 , , , 51242 384 27 who who WP 51242 384 28 condemned condemn VBD 51242 384 29 the the DT 51242 384 30 system system NN 51242 384 31 as as IN 51242 384 32 dangerous dangerous JJ 51242 384 33 and and CC 51242 384 34 unworkable unworkable JJ 51242 384 35 . . . 51242 385 1 Public public JJ 51242 385 2 feeling feeling NN 51242 385 3 was be VBD 51242 385 4 worked work VBN 51242 385 5 up up RP 51242 385 6 to to IN 51242 385 7 such such PDT 51242 385 8 a a DT 51242 385 9 pitch pitch NN 51242 385 10 that that IN 51242 385 11 , , , 51242 385 12 in in IN 51242 385 13 the the DT 51242 385 14 face face NN 51242 385 15 of of IN 51242 385 16 expert expert JJ 51242 385 17 advice advice NN 51242 385 18 in in IN 51242 385 19 favour favour NN 51242 385 20 of of IN 51242 385 21 the the DT 51242 385 22 system system NN 51242 385 23 in in IN 51242 385 24 a a DT 51242 385 25 somewhat somewhat RB 51242 385 26 modified modify VBN 51242 385 27 form form NN 51242 385 28 , , , 51242 385 29 the the DT 51242 385 30 Council Council NNP 51242 385 31 decided decide VBD 51242 385 32 to to TO 51242 385 33 abandon abandon VB 51242 385 34 the the DT 51242 385 35 experiment experiment NN 51242 385 36 . . . 51242 386 1 Libel libel NN 51242 386 2 actions action NNS 51242 386 3 by by IN 51242 386 4 the the DT 51242 386 5 owners owner NNS 51242 386 6 of of IN 51242 386 7 the the DT 51242 386 8 ' ' `` 51242 386 9 G G NNP 51242 386 10 - - HYPH 51242 386 11 B. B. NNP 51242 386 12 ' ' '' 51242 387 1 patents patent NNS 51242 387 2 followed follow VBD 51242 387 3 , , , 51242 387 4 part part NN 51242 387 5 of of IN 51242 387 6 the the DT 51242 387 7 plaintiffs plaintiff NNS 51242 387 8 ' ' POS 51242 387 9 case case NN 51242 387 10 being be VBG 51242 387 11 that that IN 51242 387 12 the the DT 51242 387 13 system system NN 51242 387 14 as as IN 51242 387 15 laid lay VBN 51242 387 16 down down RP 51242 387 17 was be VBD 51242 387 18 altered alter VBN 51242 387 19 in in IN 51242 387 20 a a DT 51242 387 21 number number NN 51242 387 22 of of IN 51242 387 23 small small JJ 51242 387 24 but but CC 51242 387 25 vitally vitally RB 51242 387 26 important important JJ 51242 387 27 details detail NNS 51242 387 28 by by IN 51242 387 29 the the DT 51242 387 30 Council Council NNP 51242 387 31 's 's POS 51242 387 32 officers officer NNS 51242 387 33 and and CC 51242 387 34 was be VBD 51242 387 35 therefore therefore RB 51242 387 36 not not RB 51242 387 37 the the DT 51242 387 38 ' ' `` 51242 387 39 G G NNP 51242 387 40 - - HYPH 51242 387 41 B. B. NNP 51242 387 42 ' ' '' 51242 388 1 system system NN 51242 388 2 proper proper JJ 51242 388 3 . . . 51242 389 1 The the DT 51242 389 2 results result NNS 51242 389 3 with with IN 51242 389 4 the the DT 51242 389 5 ' ' `` 51242 389 6 G G NNP 51242 389 7 - - HYPH 51242 389 8 B. B. NNP 51242 389 9 ' ' '' 51242 390 1 system system NN 51242 390 2 at at IN 51242 390 3 Lincoln Lincoln NNP 51242 390 4 prove prove VBP 51242 390 5 that that IN 51242 390 6 it -PRON- PRP 51242 390 7 is be VBZ 51242 390 8 possible possible JJ 51242 390 9 to to TO 51242 390 10 construct construct VB 51242 390 11 surface surface NN 51242 390 12 - - HYPH 51242 390 13 contact contact NN 51242 390 14 tramways tramway NNS 51242 390 15 at at IN 51242 390 16 a a DT 51242 390 17 cost cost NN 51242 390 18 about about RB 51242 390 19 10 10 CD 51242 390 20 per per NN 51242 390 21 cent cent NN 51242 390 22 . . . 51242 391 1 more more JJR 51242 391 2 than than IN 51242 391 3 that that DT 51242 391 4 of of IN 51242 391 5 trolley trolley NN 51242 391 6 tramways tramway NNS 51242 391 7 , , , 51242 391 8 and and CC 51242 391 9 to to TO 51242 391 10 operate operate VB 51242 391 11 them -PRON- PRP 51242 391 12 , , , 51242 391 13 safely safely RB 51242 391 14 and and CC 51242 391 15 with with IN 51242 391 16 reliability reliability NN 51242 391 17 , , , 51242 391 18 at at IN 51242 391 19 a a DT 51242 391 20 cost cost NN 51242 391 21 not not RB 51242 391 22 appreciably appreciably RB 51242 391 23 more more JJR 51242 391 24 than than IN 51242 391 25 the the DT 51242 391 26 general general JJ 51242 391 27 working working NN 51242 391 28 expenses expense NNS 51242 391 29 of of IN 51242 391 30 an an DT 51242 391 31 overhead overhead JJ 51242 391 32 line line NN 51242 391 33 . . . 51242 392 1 But but CC 51242 392 2 this this DT 51242 392 3 proof proof NN 51242 392 4 has have VBZ 51242 392 5 not not RB 51242 392 6 only only RB 51242 392 7 been be VBN 51242 392 8 enfeebled enfeeble VBN 51242 392 9 for for IN 51242 392 10 the the DT 51242 392 11 special special JJ 51242 392 12 reasons reason NNS 51242 392 13 just just RB 51242 392 14 described describe VBN 51242 392 15 , , , 51242 392 16 but but CC 51242 392 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 392 18 came come VBD 51242 392 19 at at IN 51242 392 20 a a DT 51242 392 21 time time NN 51242 392 22 when when WRB 51242 392 23 the the DT 51242 392 24 public public NN 51242 392 25 had have VBD 51242 392 26 got get VBN 51242 392 27 quite quite RB 51242 392 28 accustomed accustomed JJ 51242 392 29 to to IN 51242 392 30 the the DT 51242 392 31 trolley trolley NN 51242 392 32 and and CC 51242 392 33 also also RB 51242 392 34 when when WRB 51242 392 35 most most JJS 51242 392 36 towns town NNS 51242 392 37 had have VBD 51242 392 38 already already RB 51242 392 39 been be VBN 51242 392 40 equipped equip VBN 51242 392 41 with with IN 51242 392 42 electric electric JJ 51242 392 43 traction traction NN 51242 392 44 . . . 51242 393 1 Ten ten CD 51242 393 2 or or CC 51242 393 3 fifteen fifteen CD 51242 393 4 years year NNS 51242 393 5 earlier early RBR 51242 393 6 , , , 51242 393 7 such such PDT 51242 393 8 a a DT 51242 393 9 proof proof NN 51242 393 10 might may MD 51242 393 11 have have VB 51242 393 12 changed change VBN 51242 393 13 the the DT 51242 393 14 course course NN 51242 393 15 of of IN 51242 393 16 tramway tramway JJ 51242 393 17 development development NN 51242 393 18 ; ; : 51242 393 19 now now RB 51242 393 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 393 21 can can MD 51242 393 22 have have VB 51242 393 23 no no DT 51242 393 24 great great JJ 51242 393 25 material material JJ 51242 393 26 effect effect NN 51242 393 27 . . . 51242 394 1 The the DT 51242 394 2 upshot upshot NN 51242 394 3 of of IN 51242 394 4 the the DT 51242 394 5 contest contest NN 51242 394 6 between between IN 51242 394 7 the the DT 51242 394 8 three three CD 51242 394 9 systems system NNS 51242 394 10 has have VBZ 51242 394 11 , , , 51242 394 12 therefore therefore RB 51242 394 13 , , , 51242 394 14 been be VBN 51242 394 15 the the DT 51242 394 16 survival survival NN 51242 394 17 of of IN 51242 394 18 the the DT 51242 394 19 one one NN 51242 394 20 which which WDT 51242 394 21 was be VBD 51242 394 22 most most RBS 51242 394 23 despised despised JJ 51242 394 24 at at IN 51242 394 25 the the DT 51242 394 26 outset outset NN 51242 394 27 . . . 51242 395 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 51242 395 2 VII VII NNP 51242 395 3 THE the DT 51242 395 4 BACKWARDNESS BACKWARDNESS NNP 51242 395 5 OF of IN 51242 395 6 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 395 7 TRACTION TRACTION NNP 51242 395 8 IN in IN 51242 395 9 GREAT great JJ 51242 395 10 BRITAIN BRITAIN NNP 51242 395 11 Popular Popular NNP 51242 395 12 objections objection NNS 51242 395 13 to to IN 51242 395 14 the the DT 51242 395 15 overhead overhead JJ 51242 395 16 system system NN 51242 395 17 are be VBP 51242 395 18 not not RB 51242 395 19 , , , 51242 395 20 of of IN 51242 395 21 course course NN 51242 395 22 , , , 51242 395 23 quite quite RB 51242 395 24 dead dead JJ 51242 395 25 . . . 51242 396 1 Every every DT 51242 396 2 tramway tramway JJ 51242 396 3 proposal proposal NN 51242 396 4 in in IN 51242 396 5 districts district NNS 51242 396 6 where where WRB 51242 396 7 the the DT 51242 396 8 trolley trolley NN 51242 396 9 has have VBZ 51242 396 10 not not RB 51242 396 11 already already RB 51242 396 12 penetrated penetrate VBN 51242 396 13 is be VBZ 51242 396 14 still still RB 51242 396 15 opposed opposed JJ 51242 396 16 on on IN 51242 396 17 the the DT 51242 396 18 ground ground NN 51242 396 19 of of IN 51242 396 20 disfigurement disfigurement NN 51242 396 21 and and CC 51242 396 22 danger danger NN 51242 396 23 . . . 51242 397 1 This this DT 51242 397 2 opposition opposition NN 51242 397 3 serves serve VBZ 51242 397 4 as as IN 51242 397 5 an an DT 51242 397 6 index index NN 51242 397 7 to to IN 51242 397 8 the the DT 51242 397 9 severity severity NN 51242 397 10 of of IN 51242 397 11 the the DT 51242 397 12 struggle struggle NN 51242 397 13 which which WDT 51242 397 14 the the DT 51242 397 15 advocates advocate NNS 51242 397 16 of of IN 51242 397 17 the the DT 51242 397 18 trolley trolley NN 51242 397 19 system system NN 51242 397 20 had have VBD 51242 397 21 to to TO 51242 397 22 encounter encounter VB 51242 397 23 before before IN 51242 397 24 they -PRON- PRP 51242 397 25 made make VBD 51242 397 26 it -PRON- PRP 51242 397 27 almost almost RB 51242 397 28 universal universal JJ 51242 397 29 in in IN 51242 397 30 large large JJ 51242 397 31 cities city NNS 51242 397 32 . . . 51242 398 1 But but CC 51242 398 2 the the DT 51242 398 3 dislike dislike NN 51242 398 4 of of IN 51242 398 5 the the DT 51242 398 6 public public NN 51242 398 7 for for IN 51242 398 8 a a DT 51242 398 9 questionable questionable JJ 51242 398 10 novelty novelty NN 51242 398 11 was be VBD 51242 398 12 not not RB 51242 398 13 the the DT 51242 398 14 sole sole JJ 51242 398 15 reason reason NN 51242 398 16 why why WRB 51242 398 17 electric electric JJ 51242 398 18 tramway tramway JJ 51242 398 19 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 398 20 was be VBD 51242 398 21 backward backward JJ 51242 398 22 in in IN 51242 398 23 Great Great NNP 51242 398 24 Britain Britain NNP 51242 398 25 . . . 51242 399 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 399 2 is be VBZ 51242 399 3 not not RB 51242 399 4 strictly strictly RB 51242 399 5 accurate accurate JJ 51242 399 6 to to TO 51242 399 7 say say VB 51242 399 8 that that IN 51242 399 9 electric electric JJ 51242 399 10 tramway tramway NN 51242 399 11 _ _ NNP 51242 399 12 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 399 13 _ _ NNP 51242 399 14 was be VBD 51242 399 15 backward backward JJ 51242 399 16 . . . 51242 400 1 The the DT 51242 400 2 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 400 3 was be VBD 51242 400 4 there there RB 51242 400 5 , , , 51242 400 6 in in IN 51242 400 7 spirit spirit NN 51242 400 8 , , , 51242 400 9 but but CC 51242 400 10 circumstances circumstance NNS 51242 400 11 were be VBD 51242 400 12 very very RB 51242 400 13 much much RB 51242 400 14 against against IN 51242 400 15 it -PRON- PRP 51242 400 16 . . . 51242 401 1 Tramway tramway JJ 51242 401 2 schemes scheme NNS 51242 401 3 are be VBP 51242 401 4 controlled control VBN 51242 401 5 by by IN 51242 401 6 special special JJ 51242 401 7 legislation legislation NN 51242 401 8 which which WDT 51242 401 9 was be VBD 51242 401 10 passed pass VBN 51242 401 11 before before IN 51242 401 12 electric electric JJ 51242 401 13 traction traction NN 51242 401 14 was be VBD 51242 401 15 contemplated contemplate VBN 51242 401 16 ; ; : 51242 401 17 and and CC 51242 401 18 this this DT 51242 401 19 legislation legislation NN 51242 401 20 has have VBZ 51242 401 21 not not RB 51242 401 22 been be VBN 51242 401 23 amended amend VBN 51242 401 24 in in IN 51242 401 25 any any DT 51242 401 26 material material NN 51242 401 27 degree degree NN 51242 401 28 to to TO 51242 401 29 suit suit VB 51242 401 30 the the DT 51242 401 31 altered altered JJ 51242 401 32 conditions condition NNS 51242 401 33 brought bring VBN 51242 401 34 about about RP 51242 401 35 by by IN 51242 401 36 the the DT 51242 401 37 use use NN 51242 401 38 of of IN 51242 401 39 electricity electricity NN 51242 401 40 . . . 51242 402 1 The the DT 51242 402 2 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 402 3 Act Act NNP 51242 402 4 , , , 51242 402 5 1870 1870 CD 51242 402 6 - - SYM 51242 402 7 -which -which NN 51242 402 8 is be VBZ 51242 402 9 the the DT 51242 402 10 master master NN 51242 402 11 Act Act NNP 51242 402 12 of of IN 51242 402 13 the the DT 51242 402 14 situation situation NN 51242 402 15 -- -- : 51242 402 16 was be VBD 51242 402 17 framed frame VBN 51242 402 18 at at IN 51242 402 19 a a DT 51242 402 20 time time NN 51242 402 21 of of IN 51242 402 22 reaction reaction NN 51242 402 23 against against IN 51242 402 24 public public JJ 51242 402 25 monopolies monopoly NNS 51242 402 26 . . . 51242 403 1 Before before IN 51242 403 2 that that DT 51242 403 3 time time NN 51242 403 4 , , , 51242 403 5 gas gas NN 51242 403 6 , , , 51242 403 7 water water NN 51242 403 8 , , , 51242 403 9 railway railway NN 51242 403 10 , , , 51242 403 11 and and CC 51242 403 12 other other JJ 51242 403 13 companies company NNS 51242 403 14 had have VBD 51242 403 15 been be VBN 51242 403 16 granted grant VBN 51242 403 17 statutory statutory JJ 51242 403 18 powers power NNS 51242 403 19 in in IN 51242 403 20 perpetuity perpetuity NN 51242 403 21 ; ; : 51242 403 22 and and CC 51242 403 23 when when WRB 51242 403 24 a a DT 51242 403 25 local local JJ 51242 403 26 authority authority NN 51242 403 27 wanted want VBD 51242 403 28 to to TO 51242 403 29 take take VB 51242 403 30 the the DT 51242 403 31 supply supply NN 51242 403 32 of of IN 51242 403 33 gas gas NN 51242 403 34 or or CC 51242 403 35 water water NN 51242 403 36 into into IN 51242 403 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 403 38 own own JJ 51242 403 39 hands hand NNS 51242 403 40 , , , 51242 403 41 it -PRON- PRP 51242 403 42 had have VBD 51242 403 43 to to TO 51242 403 44 buy buy VB 51242 403 45 the the DT 51242 403 46 existing exist VBG 51242 403 47 undertakings undertaking NNS 51242 403 48 at at IN 51242 403 49 the the DT 51242 403 50 valuation valuation NN 51242 403 51 put put VBN 51242 403 52 upon upon IN 51242 403 53 them -PRON- PRP 51242 403 54 by by IN 51242 403 55 the the DT 51242 403 56 owners owner NNS 51242 403 57 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 403 58 . . . 51242 404 1 There there EX 51242 404 2 were be VBD 51242 404 3 frequent frequent JJ 51242 404 4 complaints complaint NNS 51242 404 5 about about IN 51242 404 6 excessive excessive JJ 51242 404 7 purchase purchase NN 51242 404 8 terms term NNS 51242 404 9 , , , 51242 404 10 and and CC 51242 404 11 also also RB 51242 404 12 about about IN 51242 404 13 extortionate extortionate JJ 51242 404 14 rates rate NNS 51242 404 15 charged charge VBN 51242 404 16 by by IN 51242 404 17 the the DT 51242 404 18 monopolist monopolist JJ 51242 404 19 companies company NNS 51242 404 20 . . . 51242 405 1 Consequently consequently RB 51242 405 2 , , , 51242 405 3 when when WRB 51242 405 4 horse horse NN 51242 405 5 tramways tramway NNS 51242 405 6 came come VBD 51242 405 7 on on IN 51242 405 8 the the DT 51242 405 9 scene scene NN 51242 405 10 , , , 51242 405 11 the the DT 51242 405 12 legislature legislature NN 51242 405 13 determined determine VBD 51242 405 14 to to TO 51242 405 15 put put VB 51242 405 16 the the DT 51242 405 17 new new JJ 51242 405 18 ' ' `` 51242 405 19 monopoly monopoly NN 51242 405 20 ' ' '' 51242 405 21 on on IN 51242 405 22 quite quite PDT 51242 405 23 a a DT 51242 405 24 different different JJ 51242 405 25 basis basis NN 51242 405 26 . . . 51242 406 1 The the DT 51242 406 2 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 406 3 Act Act NNP 51242 406 4 provided provide VBD 51242 406 5 , , , 51242 406 6 first first RB 51242 406 7 , , , 51242 406 8 that that IN 51242 406 9 no no DT 51242 406 10 application application NN 51242 406 11 for for IN 51242 406 12 tramway tramway JJ 51242 406 13 powers power NNS 51242 406 14 would would MD 51242 406 15 be be VB 51242 406 16 so so RB 51242 406 17 much much RB 51242 406 18 as as RB 51242 406 19 considered consider VBN 51242 406 20 if if IN 51242 406 21 it -PRON- PRP 51242 406 22 did do VBD 51242 406 23 not not RB 51242 406 24 gain gain VB 51242 406 25 the the DT 51242 406 26 consent consent NN 51242 406 27 of of IN 51242 406 28 the the DT 51242 406 29 local local JJ 51242 406 30 authorities authority NNS 51242 406 31 interested interest VBN 51242 406 32 ; ; : 51242 406 33 second second LS 51242 406 34 , , , 51242 406 35 that that IN 51242 406 36 the the DT 51242 406 37 period period NN 51242 406 38 of of IN 51242 406 39 tenure tenure NN 51242 406 40 should should MD 51242 406 41 be be VB 51242 406 42 limited limit VBN 51242 406 43 to to IN 51242 406 44 twenty twenty CD 51242 406 45 - - HYPH 51242 406 46 one one CD 51242 406 47 years year NNS 51242 406 48 ; ; : 51242 406 49 and and CC 51242 406 50 third third RB 51242 406 51 , , , 51242 406 52 that that IN 51242 406 53 the the DT 51242 406 54 local local JJ 51242 406 55 authorities authority NNS 51242 406 56 should should MD 51242 406 57 have have VB 51242 406 58 the the DT 51242 406 59 option option NN 51242 406 60 , , , 51242 406 61 at at IN 51242 406 62 the the DT 51242 406 63 end end NN 51242 406 64 of of IN 51242 406 65 the the DT 51242 406 66 period period NN 51242 406 67 or or CC 51242 406 68 at at IN 51242 406 69 seven seven CD 51242 406 70 - - HYPH 51242 406 71 year year NN 51242 406 72 intervals interval NNS 51242 406 73 afterwards afterwards RB 51242 406 74 , , , 51242 406 75 of of IN 51242 406 76 buying buy VBG 51242 406 77 the the DT 51242 406 78 tramway tramway JJ 51242 406 79 undertaking undertaking NN 51242 406 80 at at IN 51242 406 81 the the DT 51242 406 82 ' ' `` 51242 406 83 then then RB 51242 406 84 value value NN 51242 406 85 ' ' '' 51242 406 86 of of IN 51242 406 87 the the DT 51242 406 88 plant plant NN 51242 406 89 ( ( -LRB- 51242 406 90 rails rail NNS 51242 406 91 , , , 51242 406 92 horses horse NNS 51242 406 93 , , , 51242 406 94 cars car NNS 51242 406 95 , , , 51242 406 96 depots depot NNS 51242 406 97 , , , 51242 406 98 etc etc FW 51242 406 99 . . . 51242 406 100 ) ) -RRB- 51242 407 1 without without IN 51242 407 2 any any DT 51242 407 3 allowance allowance NN 51242 407 4 for for IN 51242 407 5 compulsory compulsory JJ 51242 407 6 purchase purchase NN 51242 407 7 , , , 51242 407 8 goodwill goodwill NN 51242 407 9 , , , 51242 407 10 future future JJ 51242 407 11 profits profit NNS 51242 407 12 or or CC 51242 407 13 any any DT 51242 407 14 other other JJ 51242 407 15 consideration consideration NN 51242 407 16 whatsoever whatsoever RB 51242 407 17 . . . 51242 408 1 This this DT 51242 408 2 Act Act NNP 51242 408 3 was be VBD 51242 408 4 passed pass VBN 51242 408 5 with with IN 51242 408 6 the the DT 51242 408 7 very very RB 51242 408 8 best good JJS 51242 408 9 of of IN 51242 408 10 intentions intention NNS 51242 408 11 . . . 51242 409 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 409 2 had have VBD 51242 409 3 the the DT 51242 409 4 advantage advantage NN 51242 409 5 of of IN 51242 409 6 substituting substituting NN 51242 409 7 , , , 51242 409 8 for for IN 51242 409 9 the the DT 51242 409 10 costly costly JJ 51242 409 11 and and CC 51242 409 12 clumsy clumsy JJ 51242 409 13 procedure procedure NN 51242 409 14 by by IN 51242 409 15 Private Private NNP 51242 409 16 Bill Bill NNP 51242 409 17 , , , 51242 409 18 the the DT 51242 409 19 simple simple JJ 51242 409 20 and and CC 51242 409 21 cheap cheap JJ 51242 409 22 process process NN 51242 409 23 of of IN 51242 409 24 applying apply VBG 51242 409 25 to to IN 51242 409 26 the the DT 51242 409 27 Board Board NNP 51242 409 28 of of IN 51242 409 29 Trade Trade NNP 51242 409 30 for for IN 51242 409 31 a a DT 51242 409 32 ' ' `` 51242 409 33 Provisional Provisional NNP 51242 409 34 Order Order NNP 51242 409 35 ' ' '' 51242 409 36 which which WDT 51242 409 37 would would MD 51242 409 38 acquire acquire VB 51242 409 39 the the DT 51242 409 40 full full JJ 51242 409 41 force force NN 51242 409 42 of of IN 51242 409 43 an an DT 51242 409 44 Act Act NNP 51242 409 45 when when WRB 51242 409 46 ratified ratify VBN 51242 409 47 ( ( -LRB- 51242 409 48 in in IN 51242 409 49 a a DT 51242 409 50 more more RBR 51242 409 51 or or CC 51242 409 52 less less RBR 51242 409 53 automatic automatic JJ 51242 409 54 way way NN 51242 409 55 ) ) -RRB- 51242 409 56 by by IN 51242 409 57 Parliament Parliament NNP 51242 409 58 . . . 51242 410 1 But but CC 51242 410 2 in in IN 51242 410 3 spite spite NN 51242 410 4 of of IN 51242 410 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 410 6 good good JJ 51242 410 7 intentions intention NNS 51242 410 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 410 9 proved prove VBD 51242 410 10 a a DT 51242 410 11 serious serious JJ 51242 410 12 stumbling stumbling NN 51242 410 13 - - HYPH 51242 410 14 block block NN 51242 410 15 , , , 51242 410 16 especially especially RB 51242 410 17 when when WRB 51242 410 18 electric electric JJ 51242 410 19 traction traction NN 51242 410 20 was be VBD 51242 410 21 proposed propose VBN 51242 410 22 . . . 51242 411 1 The the DT 51242 411 2 effect effect NN 51242 411 3 of of IN 51242 411 4 the the DT 51242 411 5 limited limited JJ 51242 411 6 tenure tenure NN 51242 411 7 system system NN 51242 411 8 , , , 51242 411 9 with with IN 51242 411 10 compulsory compulsory JJ 51242 411 11 expropriation expropriation NN 51242 411 12 on on IN 51242 411 13 what what WP 51242 411 14 were be VBD 51242 411 15 called call VBN 51242 411 16 ' ' `` 51242 411 17 scrap scrap NN 51242 411 18 - - HYPH 51242 411 19 iron iron NN 51242 411 20 ' ' '' 51242 411 21 terms term NNS 51242 411 22 , , , 51242 411 23 was be VBD 51242 411 24 to to TO 51242 411 25 make make VB 51242 411 26 the the DT 51242 411 27 companies company NNS 51242 411 28 very very RB 51242 411 29 reluctant reluctant JJ 51242 411 30 to to TO 51242 411 31 spend spend VB 51242 411 32 one one CD 51242 411 33 penny penny NN 51242 411 34 more more JJR 51242 411 35 than than IN 51242 411 36 was be VBD 51242 411 37 absolutely absolutely RB 51242 411 38 necessary necessary JJ 51242 411 39 during during IN 51242 411 40 the the DT 51242 411 41 concluding conclude VBG 51242 411 42 years year NNS 51242 411 43 . . . 51242 412 1 Capital capital NN 51242 412 2 expenditure expenditure NN 51242 412 3 on on IN 51242 412 4 improvements improvement NNS 51242 412 5 in in IN 51242 412 6 equipment equipment NN 51242 412 7 was be VBD 51242 412 8 regarded regard VBN 51242 412 9 as as IN 51242 412 10 out out IN 51242 412 11 of of IN 51242 412 12 the the DT 51242 412 13 question question NN 51242 412 14 , , , 51242 412 15 since since IN 51242 412 16 there there EX 51242 412 17 was be VBD 51242 412 18 not not RB 51242 412 19 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 412 20 time time NN 51242 412 21 to to TO 51242 412 22 recoup recoup VB 51242 412 23 the the DT 51242 412 24 difference difference NN 51242 412 25 between between IN 51242 412 26 first first JJ 51242 412 27 cost cost NN 51242 412 28 and and CC 51242 412 29 the the DT 51242 412 30 ' ' '' 51242 412 31 then then RB 51242 412 32 value value NN 51242 412 33 ' ' '' 51242 412 34 at at IN 51242 412 35 the the DT 51242 412 36 purchase purchase NN 51242 412 37 period period NN 51242 412 38 . . . 51242 413 1 Money money NN 51242 413 2 was be VBD 51242 413 3 grudged grudge VBN 51242 413 4 for for IN 51242 413 5 the the DT 51242 413 6 upkeep upkeep NN 51242 413 7 of of IN 51242 413 8 track track NN 51242 413 9 , , , 51242 413 10 the the DT 51242 413 11 repair repair NN 51242 413 12 and and CC 51242 413 13 painting painting NN 51242 413 14 of of IN 51242 413 15 cars car NNS 51242 413 16 , , , 51242 413 17 and and CC 51242 413 18 the the DT 51242 413 19 hundred hundred CD 51242 413 20 and and CC 51242 413 21 one one CD 51242 413 22 items item NNS 51242 413 23 of of IN 51242 413 24 expense expense NN 51242 413 25 which which WDT 51242 413 26 are be VBP 51242 413 27 essential essential JJ 51242 413 28 to to IN 51242 413 29 a a DT 51242 413 30 well well RB 51242 413 31 - - HYPH 51242 413 32 conducted conduct VBN 51242 413 33 tramway tramway NN 51242 413 34 . . . 51242 414 1 System system NN 51242 414 2 after after IN 51242 414 3 system system NN 51242 414 4 fell fall VBD 51242 414 5 into into IN 51242 414 6 a a DT 51242 414 7 state state NN 51242 414 8 of of IN 51242 414 9 shabby shabby JJ 51242 414 10 gentility gentility NN 51242 414 11 , , , 51242 414 12 hoarding hoard VBG 51242 414 13 money money NN 51242 414 14 against against IN 51242 414 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 414 16 inevitable inevitable JJ 51242 414 17 end end NN 51242 414 18 . . . 51242 415 1 This this DT 51242 415 2 was be VBD 51242 415 3 the the DT 51242 415 4 condition condition NN 51242 415 5 when when WRB 51242 415 6 , , , 51242 415 7 in in IN 51242 415 8 the the DT 51242 415 9 middle middle JJ 51242 415 10 eighties eighty NNS 51242 415 11 , , , 51242 415 12 electric electric JJ 51242 415 13 traction traction NN 51242 415 14 was be VBD 51242 415 15 suggested suggest VBN 51242 415 16 . . . 51242 416 1 The the DT 51242 416 2 public public NN 51242 416 3 , , , 51242 416 4 suffering suffer VBG 51242 416 5 from from IN 51242 416 6 the the DT 51242 416 7 decay decay NN 51242 416 8 of of IN 51242 416 9 the the DT 51242 416 10 tramway tramway JJ 51242 416 11 service service NN 51242 416 12 , , , 51242 416 13 but but CC 51242 416 14 not not RB 51242 416 15 realising realise VBG 51242 416 16 that that IN 51242 416 17 the the DT 51242 416 18 cause cause NN 51242 416 19 lay lie VBD 51242 416 20 with with IN 51242 416 21 an an DT 51242 416 22 Act Act NNP 51242 416 23 devised devise VBN 51242 416 24 for for IN 51242 416 25 the the DT 51242 416 26 public public JJ 51242 416 27 benefit benefit NN 51242 416 28 , , , 51242 416 29 expected expect VBD 51242 416 30 the the DT 51242 416 31 tramway tramway JJ 51242 416 32 companies company NNS 51242 416 33 to to TO 51242 416 34 adopt adopt VB 51242 416 35 the the DT 51242 416 36 new new JJ 51242 416 37 mode mode NN 51242 416 38 of of IN 51242 416 39 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 416 40 . . . 51242 417 1 But but CC 51242 417 2 as as IN 51242 417 3 the the DT 51242 417 4 conversion conversion NN 51242 417 5 to to TO 51242 417 6 electric electric VB 51242 417 7 working work VBG 51242 417 8 involved involved JJ 51242 417 9 track track NN 51242 417 10 - - HYPH 51242 417 11 work work NN 51242 417 12 costing cost VBG 51242 417 13 several several JJ 51242 417 14 thousands thousand NNS 51242 417 15 of of IN 51242 417 16 pounds pound NNS 51242 417 17 per per IN 51242 417 18 mile mile NN 51242 417 19 , , , 51242 417 20 and and CC 51242 417 21 new new JJ 51242 417 22 cars car NNS 51242 417 23 costing cost VBG 51242 417 24 several several JJ 51242 417 25 hundreds hundred NNS 51242 417 26 each each DT 51242 417 27 , , , 51242 417 28 together together RB 51242 417 29 with with IN 51242 417 30 a a DT 51242 417 31 large large JJ 51242 417 32 generating generating NN 51242 417 33 plant plant NN 51242 417 34 and and CC 51242 417 35 new new JJ 51242 417 36 car car NN 51242 417 37 depots depot NNS 51242 417 38 , , , 51242 417 39 the the DT 51242 417 40 change change NN 51242 417 41 was be VBD 51242 417 42 commercially commercially RB 51242 417 43 impossible impossible JJ 51242 417 44 to to IN 51242 417 45 companies company NNS 51242 417 46 which which WDT 51242 417 47 were be VBD 51242 417 48 forced force VBN 51242 417 49 to to TO 51242 417 50 retain retain VB 51242 417 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 417 52 old old JJ 51242 417 53 horse horse NN 51242 417 54 equipment equipment NN 51242 417 55 in in IN 51242 417 56 order order NN 51242 417 57 to to TO 51242 417 58 realise realise VB 51242 417 59 something something NN 51242 417 60 for for IN 51242 417 61 the the DT 51242 417 62 shareholders shareholder NNS 51242 417 63 in in IN 51242 417 64 the the DT 51242 417 65 day day NN 51242 417 66 of of IN 51242 417 67 expropriation expropriation NN 51242 417 68 . . . 51242 418 1 From from IN 51242 418 2 these these DT 51242 418 3 causes cause NNS 51242 418 4 there there RB 51242 418 5 arose arise VBD 51242 418 6 a a DT 51242 418 7 demand demand NN 51242 418 8 that that IN 51242 418 9 the the DT 51242 418 10 municipalities municipality NNS 51242 418 11 should should MD 51242 418 12 take take VB 51242 418 13 over over RP 51242 418 14 the the DT 51242 418 15 tramway tramway JJ 51242 418 16 systems system NNS 51242 418 17 and and CC 51242 418 18 do do VB 51242 418 19 what what WP 51242 418 20 the the DT 51242 418 21 companies company NNS 51242 418 22 appeared appear VBD 51242 418 23 too too RB 51242 418 24 slow slow JJ 51242 418 25 to to TO 51242 418 26 undertake undertake VB 51242 418 27 . . . 51242 419 1 Thus thus RB 51242 419 2 a a DT 51242 419 3 strong strong JJ 51242 419 4 impetus impetus NN 51242 419 5 was be VBD 51242 419 6 given give VBN 51242 419 7 to to IN 51242 419 8 municipal municipal JJ 51242 419 9 tramway tramway JJ 51242 419 10 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 419 11 . . . 51242 420 1 But but CC 51242 420 2 this this DT 51242 420 3 impetus impetus NN 51242 420 4 did do VBD 51242 420 5 not not RB 51242 420 6 remove remove VB 51242 420 7 the the DT 51242 420 8 causes cause NNS 51242 420 9 of of IN 51242 420 10 delay delay NN 51242 420 11 . . . 51242 421 1 The the DT 51242 421 2 local local JJ 51242 421 3 authorities authority NNS 51242 421 4 had have VBD 51242 421 5 good good JJ 51242 421 6 economic economic JJ 51242 421 7 reasons reason NNS 51242 421 8 for for IN 51242 421 9 waiting wait VBG 51242 421 10 until until IN 51242 421 11 the the DT 51242 421 12 existing exist VBG 51242 421 13 tramway tramway NN 51242 421 14 leases lease NNS 51242 421 15 ran run VBD 51242 421 16 out out RP 51242 421 17 and and CC 51242 421 18 so so RB 51242 421 19 enabled enable VBD 51242 421 20 purchase purchase NN 51242 421 21 to to TO 51242 421 22 be be VB 51242 421 23 made make VBN 51242 421 24 upon upon IN 51242 421 25 the the DT 51242 421 26 most most RBS 51242 421 27 advantageous advantageous JJ 51242 421 28 terms term NNS 51242 421 29 . . . 51242 422 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 422 2 were be VBD 51242 422 3 also also RB 51242 422 4 obliged oblige VBN 51242 422 5 to to TO 51242 422 6 move move VB 51242 422 7 very very RB 51242 422 8 cautiously cautiously RB 51242 422 9 in in IN 51242 422 10 adopting adopt VBG 51242 422 11 so so RB 51242 422 12 radical radical JJ 51242 422 13 and and CC 51242 422 14 so so RB 51242 422 15 novel novel JJ 51242 422 16 a a DT 51242 422 17 change change NN 51242 422 18 as as IN 51242 422 19 electric electric JJ 51242 422 20 traction traction NN 51242 422 21 . . . 51242 423 1 Municipalities municipality NNS 51242 423 2 are be VBP 51242 423 3 not not RB 51242 423 4 speculative speculative JJ 51242 423 5 traders trader NNS 51242 423 6 , , , 51242 423 7 who who WP 51242 423 8 are be VBP 51242 423 9 ready ready JJ 51242 423 10 to to TO 51242 423 11 take take VB 51242 423 12 risks risk NNS 51242 423 13 after after IN 51242 423 14 a a DT 51242 423 15 rapid rapid JJ 51242 423 16 expert expert NN 51242 423 17 investigation investigation NN 51242 423 18 of of IN 51242 423 19 a a DT 51242 423 20 new new JJ 51242 423 21 policy policy NN 51242 423 22 . . . 51242 424 1 Further further RB 51242 424 2 , , , 51242 424 3 no no DT 51242 424 4 municipality municipality NN 51242 424 5 likes like VBZ 51242 424 6 to to TO 51242 424 7 accept accept VB 51242 424 8 the the DT 51242 424 9 decision decision NN 51242 424 10 of of IN 51242 424 11 another another DT 51242 424 12 as as RB 51242 424 13 valid valid JJ 51242 424 14 for for IN 51242 424 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 424 16 own own JJ 51242 424 17 district district NN 51242 424 18 . . . 51242 425 1 The the DT 51242 425 2 consequence consequence NN 51242 425 3 was be VBD 51242 425 4 that that IN 51242 425 5 each each DT 51242 425 6 municipality municipality NN 51242 425 7 thought think VBD 51242 425 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 425 9 necessary necessary JJ 51242 425 10 to to TO 51242 425 11 get get VB 51242 425 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 425 13 own own JJ 51242 425 14 expert expert NN 51242 425 15 report report NN 51242 425 16 on on IN 51242 425 17 the the DT 51242 425 18 subject subject NN 51242 425 19 and and CC 51242 425 20 , , , 51242 425 21 in in IN 51242 425 22 many many JJ 51242 425 23 cases case NNS 51242 425 24 , , , 51242 425 25 to to TO 51242 425 26 send send VB 51242 425 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 425 28 own own JJ 51242 425 29 deputation deputation NN 51242 425 30 to to TO 51242 425 31 inspect inspect VB 51242 425 32 Continental continental JJ 51242 425 33 tramway tramway NN 51242 425 34 systems system NNS 51242 425 35 . . . 51242 426 1 These these DT 51242 426 2 preliminary preliminary JJ 51242 426 3 studies study NNS 51242 426 4 , , , 51242 426 5 with with IN 51242 426 6 debates debate NNS 51242 426 7 in in IN 51242 426 8 Council Council NNP 51242 426 9 chambers chamber NNS 51242 426 10 and and CC 51242 426 11 newspaper newspaper NN 51242 426 12 columns column NNS 51242 426 13 , , , 51242 426 14 with with IN 51242 426 15 public public JJ 51242 426 16 meetings meeting NNS 51242 426 17 of of IN 51242 426 18 encouragement encouragement NN 51242 426 19 or or CC 51242 426 20 protest protest NN 51242 426 21 , , , 51242 426 22 and and CC 51242 426 23 with with IN 51242 426 24 the the DT 51242 426 25 erection erection NN 51242 426 26 of of IN 51242 426 27 experimental experimental JJ 51242 426 28 lines line NNS 51242 426 29 , , , 51242 426 30 took take VBD 51242 426 31 up up RP 51242 426 32 so so RB 51242 426 33 much much JJ 51242 426 34 time time NN 51242 426 35 that that IN 51242 426 36 little little JJ 51242 426 37 of of IN 51242 426 38 a a DT 51242 426 39 substantial substantial JJ 51242 426 40 nature nature NN 51242 426 41 was be VBD 51242 426 42 done do VBN 51242 426 43 until until IN 51242 426 44 several several JJ 51242 426 45 years year NNS 51242 426 46 after after IN 51242 426 47 engineers engineer NNS 51242 426 48 were be VBD 51242 426 49 ready ready JJ 51242 426 50 and and CC 51242 426 51 willing willing JJ 51242 426 52 to to TO 51242 426 53 carry carry VB 51242 426 54 out out RP 51242 426 55 the the DT 51242 426 56 conversion conversion NN 51242 426 57 of of IN 51242 426 58 large large JJ 51242 426 59 systems system NNS 51242 426 60 of of IN 51242 426 61 horse horse NN 51242 426 62 tramways tramway NNS 51242 426 63 to to TO 51242 426 64 electric electric VB 51242 426 65 working working NN 51242 426 66 . . . 51242 427 1 The the DT 51242 427 2 municipalities municipality NNS 51242 427 3 , , , 51242 427 4 however however RB 51242 427 5 , , , 51242 427 6 were be VBD 51242 427 7 not not RB 51242 427 8 the the DT 51242 427 9 only only JJ 51242 427 10 forces force NNS 51242 427 11 at at IN 51242 427 12 work work NN 51242 427 13 . . . 51242 428 1 Towards towards IN 51242 428 2 the the DT 51242 428 3 year year NN 51242 428 4 1896 1896 CD 51242 428 5 , , , 51242 428 6 when when WRB 51242 428 7 a a DT 51242 428 8 large large JJ 51242 428 9 number number NN 51242 428 10 of of IN 51242 428 11 tramway tramway NN 51242 428 12 leases lease NNS 51242 428 13 were be VBD 51242 428 14 running run VBG 51242 428 15 out out RB 51242 428 16 , , , 51242 428 17 a a DT 51242 428 18 considerable considerable JJ 51242 428 19 amount amount NN 51242 428 20 of of IN 51242 428 21 business business NN 51242 428 22 was be VBD 51242 428 23 done do VBN 51242 428 24 by by IN 51242 428 25 private private JJ 51242 428 26 capital capital NN 51242 428 27 in in IN 51242 428 28 buying buy VBG 51242 428 29 up up RP 51242 428 30 horse horse NN 51242 428 31 tramways tramway NNS 51242 428 32 with with IN 51242 428 33 a a DT 51242 428 34 view view NN 51242 428 35 to to IN 51242 428 36 conversion conversion NN 51242 428 37 and and CC 51242 428 38 also also RB 51242 428 39 to to TO 51242 428 40 extension extension VB 51242 428 41 far far RB 51242 428 42 beyond beyond IN 51242 428 43 the the DT 51242 428 44 limits limit NNS 51242 428 45 of of IN 51242 428 46 the the DT 51242 428 47 existing exist VBG 51242 428 48 routes route NNS 51242 428 49 . . . 51242 429 1 The the DT 51242 429 2 essential essential JJ 51242 429 3 condition condition NN 51242 429 4 of of IN 51242 429 5 the the DT 51242 429 6 success success NN 51242 429 7 of of IN 51242 429 8 such such JJ 51242 429 9 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 429 10 was be VBD 51242 429 11 , , , 51242 429 12 of of IN 51242 429 13 course course NN 51242 429 14 , , , 51242 429 15 the the DT 51242 429 16 renewal renewal NN 51242 429 17 of of IN 51242 429 18 the the DT 51242 429 19 tenure tenure NN 51242 429 20 of of IN 51242 429 21 the the DT 51242 429 22 tramways tramway NNS 51242 429 23 for for IN 51242 429 24 at at RB 51242 429 25 least least RBS 51242 429 26 another another DT 51242 429 27 twenty twenty CD 51242 429 28 - - HYPH 51242 429 29 one one CD 51242 429 30 years year NNS 51242 429 31 . . . 51242 430 1 Here here RB 51242 430 2 -- -- : 51242 430 3 and and CC 51242 430 4 in in IN 51242 430 5 the the DT 51242 430 6 accompanying accompanying JJ 51242 430 7 applications application NNS 51242 430 8 for for IN 51242 430 9 extensions extension NNS 51242 430 10 of of IN 51242 430 11 route route NN 51242 430 12 -- -- : 51242 430 13 the the DT 51242 430 14 true true JJ 51242 430 15 inwardness inwardness NN 51242 430 16 of of IN 51242 430 17 the the DT 51242 430 18 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 430 19 Act Act NNP 51242 430 20 was be VBD 51242 430 21 shown show VBN 51242 430 22 . . . 51242 431 1 Everything everything NN 51242 431 2 was be VBD 51242 431 3 in in IN 51242 431 4 the the DT 51242 431 5 hands hand NNS 51242 431 6 of of IN 51242 431 7 the the DT 51242 431 8 local local JJ 51242 431 9 authorities authority NNS 51242 431 10 . . . 51242 432 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 432 2 had have VBD 51242 432 3 only only RB 51242 432 4 to to TO 51242 432 5 withhold withhold VB 51242 432 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 432 7 consent consent NN 51242 432 8 , , , 51242 432 9 and and CC 51242 432 10 nothing nothing NN 51242 432 11 could could MD 51242 432 12 be be VB 51242 432 13 done do VBN 51242 432 14 . . . 51242 433 1 And and CC 51242 433 2 this this DT 51242 433 3 power power NN 51242 433 4 of of IN 51242 433 5 veto veto NN 51242 433 6 enabled enable VBD 51242 433 7 them -PRON- PRP 51242 433 8 to to TO 51242 433 9 drive drive VB 51242 433 10 any any DT 51242 433 11 bargain bargain NN 51242 433 12 they -PRON- PRP 51242 433 13 pleased please VBD 51242 433 14 with with IN 51242 433 15 the the DT 51242 433 16 promoters promoter NNS 51242 433 17 of of IN 51242 433 18 tramway tramway JJ 51242 433 19 schemes scheme NNS 51242 433 20 . . . 51242 434 1 Most Most JJS 51242 434 2 electric electric JJ 51242 434 3 tramway tramway JJ 51242 434 4 proposals proposal NNS 51242 434 5 covered cover VBD 51242 434 6 the the DT 51242 434 7 areas area NNS 51242 434 8 of of IN 51242 434 9 several several JJ 51242 434 10 local local JJ 51242 434 11 authorities authority NNS 51242 434 12 , , , 51242 434 13 so so IN 51242 434 14 that that IN 51242 434 15 negotiations negotiation NNS 51242 434 16 had have VBD 51242 434 17 to to TO 51242 434 18 be be VB 51242 434 19 entered enter VBN 51242 434 20 into into IN 51242 434 21 with with IN 51242 434 22 each each DT 51242 434 23 in in IN 51242 434 24 turn turn NN 51242 434 25 . . . 51242 435 1 The the DT 51242 435 2 municipalities municipality NNS 51242 435 3 , , , 51242 435 4 being be VBG 51242 435 5 the the DT 51242 435 6 guardians guardian NNS 51242 435 7 of of IN 51242 435 8 the the DT 51242 435 9 public public JJ 51242 435 10 interests interest NNS 51242 435 11 , , , 51242 435 12 considered consider VBD 51242 435 13 it -PRON- PRP 51242 435 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 435 15 duty duty NN 51242 435 16 to to TO 51242 435 17 impose impose VB 51242 435 18 the the DT 51242 435 19 heaviest heavy JJS 51242 435 20 conditions condition NNS 51242 435 21 which which WDT 51242 435 22 the the DT 51242 435 23 promoters promoter NNS 51242 435 24 could could MD 51242 435 25 be be VB 51242 435 26 induced induce VBN 51242 435 27 to to TO 51242 435 28 accept accept VB 51242 435 29 , , , 51242 435 30 rather rather RB 51242 435 31 than than IN 51242 435 32 abandon abandon VB 51242 435 33 the the DT 51242 435 34 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 435 35 . . . 51242 436 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 436 2 was be VBD 51242 436 3 a a DT 51242 436 4 case case NN 51242 436 5 of of IN 51242 436 6 Hobson Hobson NNP 51242 436 7 's 's POS 51242 436 8 choice choice NN 51242 436 9 in in IN 51242 436 10 every every DT 51242 436 11 parish parish NN 51242 436 12 . . . 51242 437 1 In in IN 51242 437 2 some some DT 51242 437 3 instances instance NNS 51242 437 4 direct direct VBP 51242 437 5 payments payment NNS 51242 437 6 for for IN 51242 437 7 wayleaves wayleave NNS 51242 437 8 were be VBD 51242 437 9 demanded demand VBN 51242 437 10 . . . 51242 438 1 In in IN 51242 438 2 others other NNS 51242 438 3 the the DT 51242 438 4 promoters promoter NNS 51242 438 5 were be VBD 51242 438 6 forced force VBN 51242 438 7 to to TO 51242 438 8 bear bear VB 51242 438 9 the the DT 51242 438 10 cost cost NN 51242 438 11 of of IN 51242 438 12 street street NN 51242 438 13 widenings widening NNS 51242 438 14 and and CC 51242 438 15 other other JJ 51242 438 16 ' ' `` 51242 438 17 public public JJ 51242 438 18 improvements improvement NNS 51242 438 19 ' ' '' 51242 438 20 which which WDT 51242 438 21 were be VBD 51242 438 22 not not RB 51242 438 23 always always RB 51242 438 24 necessary necessary JJ 51242 438 25 for for IN 51242 438 26 tramway tramway JJ 51242 438 27 purposes purpose NNS 51242 438 28 . . . 51242 439 1 In in IN 51242 439 2 nearly nearly RB 51242 439 3 every every DT 51242 439 4 town town NN 51242 439 5 the the DT 51242 439 6 fares fare NNS 51242 439 7 and and CC 51242 439 8 stages stage NNS 51242 439 9 were be VBD 51242 439 10 determined determine VBN 51242 439 11 by by IN 51242 439 12 the the DT 51242 439 13 local local JJ 51242 439 14 authority authority NN 51242 439 15 -- -- : 51242 439 16 on on IN 51242 439 17 the the DT 51242 439 18 strength strength NN 51242 439 19 of of IN 51242 439 20 the the DT 51242 439 21 veto veto NN 51242 439 22 , , , 51242 439 23 not not RB 51242 439 24 on on IN 51242 439 25 commercial commercial JJ 51242 439 26 principles principle NNS 51242 439 27 . . . 51242 440 1 The the DT 51242 440 2 cost cost NN 51242 440 3 of of IN 51242 440 4 construction construction NN 51242 440 5 was be VBD 51242 440 6 frequently frequently RB 51242 440 7 increased increase VBN 51242 440 8 by by IN 51242 440 9 onerous onerous JJ 51242 440 10 conditions condition NNS 51242 440 11 regarding regard VBG 51242 440 12 the the DT 51242 440 13 standard standard NN 51242 440 14 of of IN 51242 440 15 overhead overhead JJ 51242 440 16 wire wire NN 51242 440 17 and and CC 51242 440 18 track track NN 51242 440 19 work work NN 51242 440 20 . . . 51242 441 1 Under under IN 51242 441 2 the the DT 51242 441 3 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 441 4 Act Act NNP 51242 441 5 , , , 51242 441 6 tramway tramway NN 51242 441 7 companies company NNS 51242 441 8 were be VBD 51242 441 9 compelled compel VBN 51242 441 10 to to TO 51242 441 11 maintain maintain VB 51242 441 12 the the DT 51242 441 13 roadway roadway NN 51242 441 14 between between IN 51242 441 15 the the DT 51242 441 16 rails rail NNS 51242 441 17 and and CC 51242 441 18 also also RB 51242 441 19 outside outside RB 51242 441 20 for for IN 51242 441 21 a a DT 51242 441 22 space space NN 51242 441 23 of of IN 51242 441 24 eighteen eighteen CD 51242 441 25 inches inch NNS 51242 441 26 -- -- : 51242 441 27 a a DT 51242 441 28 provision provision NN 51242 441 29 which which WDT 51242 441 30 was be VBD 51242 441 31 sensible sensible JJ 51242 441 32 enough enough RB 51242 441 33 when when WRB 51242 441 34 horses horse NNS 51242 441 35 were be VBD 51242 441 36 used use VBN 51242 441 37 . . . 51242 442 1 But but CC 51242 442 2 the the DT 51242 442 3 condition condition NN 51242 442 4 was be VBD 51242 442 5 not not RB 51242 442 6 only only RB 51242 442 7 enforced enforce VBN 51242 442 8 within within IN 51242 442 9 these these DT 51242 442 10 statutory statutory JJ 51242 442 11 limits limit NNS 51242 442 12 when when WRB 51242 442 13 the the DT 51242 442 14 promoters promoter NNS 51242 442 15 were be VBD 51242 442 16 about about JJ 51242 442 17 to to TO 51242 442 18 use use VB 51242 442 19 a a DT 51242 442 20 form form NN 51242 442 21 of of IN 51242 442 22 traction traction NN 51242 442 23 which which WDT 51242 442 24 spared spare VBD 51242 442 25 the the DT 51242 442 26 road road NN 51242 442 27 surface surface NN 51242 442 28 ; ; : 51242 442 29 it -PRON- PRP 51242 442 30 was be VBD 51242 442 31 extended extend VBN 51242 442 32 in in IN 51242 442 33 numerous numerous JJ 51242 442 34 cases case NNS 51242 442 35 to to IN 51242 442 36 an an DT 51242 442 37 obligation obligation NN 51242 442 38 to to TO 51242 442 39 pave pave VB 51242 442 40 the the DT 51242 442 41 entire entire JJ 51242 442 42 roadway roadway NN 51242 442 43 and and CC 51242 442 44 to to TO 51242 442 45 maintain maintain VB 51242 442 46 it -PRON- PRP 51242 442 47 -- -- : 51242 442 48 often often RB 51242 442 49 with with IN 51242 442 50 expensive expensive JJ 51242 442 51 wood wood NN 51242 442 52 paving paving NN 51242 442 53 where where WRB 51242 442 54 macadam macadam NNP 51242 442 55 had have VBD 51242 442 56 previously previously RB 51242 442 57 been be VBN 51242 442 58 considered consider VBN 51242 442 59 quite quite RB 51242 442 60 good good JJ 51242 442 61 enough enough RB 51242 442 62 for for IN 51242 442 63 the the DT 51242 442 64 traffic traffic NN 51242 442 65 . . . 51242 443 1 One one CD 51242 443 2 effect effect NN 51242 443 3 of of IN 51242 443 4 this this DT 51242 443 5 state state NN 51242 443 6 of of IN 51242 443 7 affairs affair NNS 51242 443 8 was be VBD 51242 443 9 delay delay NN 51242 443 10 . . . 51242 444 1 The the DT 51242 444 2 preliminary preliminary JJ 51242 444 3 negotiations negotiation NNS 51242 444 4 with with IN 51242 444 5 local local JJ 51242 444 6 authorities authority NNS 51242 444 7 -- -- : 51242 444 8 the the DT 51242 444 9 interviews interview NNS 51242 444 10 with with IN 51242 444 11 mayors mayor NNS 51242 444 12 , , , 51242 444 13 aldermen alderman NNS 51242 444 14 , , , 51242 444 15 councillors councillor NNS 51242 444 16 , , , 51242 444 17 town town NN 51242 444 18 clerks clerk NNS 51242 444 19 , , , 51242 444 20 and and CC 51242 444 21 borough borough NN 51242 444 22 surveyors surveyor NNS 51242 444 23 , , , 51242 444 24 to to TO 51242 444 25 say say VB 51242 444 26 nothing nothing NN 51242 444 27 of of IN 51242 444 28 the the DT 51242 444 29 ' ' `` 51242 444 30 frontagers frontager NNS 51242 444 31 ' ' '' 51242 444 32 along along IN 51242 444 33 the the DT 51242 444 34 line line NN 51242 444 35 of of IN 51242 444 36 route route NN 51242 444 37 -- -- : 51242 444 38 usually usually RB 51242 444 39 occupied occupy VBN 51242 444 40 far far RB 51242 444 41 more more JJR 51242 444 42 time time NN 51242 444 43 than than IN 51242 444 44 the the DT 51242 444 45 actual actual JJ 51242 444 46 construction construction NN 51242 444 47 of of IN 51242 444 48 the the DT 51242 444 49 tramways tramway NNS 51242 444 50 . . . 51242 445 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 445 2 were be VBD 51242 445 3 also also RB 51242 445 4 much much RB 51242 445 5 more more RBR 51242 445 6 troublesome troublesome JJ 51242 445 7 , , , 51242 445 8 since since IN 51242 445 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 445 10 was be VBD 51242 445 11 within within IN 51242 445 12 the the DT 51242 445 13 power power NN 51242 445 14 of of IN 51242 445 15 a a DT 51242 445 16 single single JJ 51242 445 17 local local JJ 51242 445 18 authority authority NN 51242 445 19 in in IN 51242 445 20 a a DT 51242 445 21 central central JJ 51242 445 22 position position NN 51242 445 23 to to TO 51242 445 24 ' ' `` 51242 445 25 hold hold VB 51242 445 26 up up RP 51242 445 27 ' ' '' 51242 445 28 a a DT 51242 445 29 complete complete JJ 51242 445 30 scheme scheme NN 51242 445 31 , , , 51242 445 32 while while IN 51242 445 33 most most JJS 51242 445 34 districts district NNS 51242 445 35 had have VBD 51242 445 36 strong strong JJ 51242 445 37 local local JJ 51242 445 38 patriotism patriotism NN 51242 445 39 and and CC 51242 445 40 wanted want VBD 51242 445 41 a a DT 51242 445 42 municipal municipal JJ 51242 445 43 system system NN 51242 445 44 to to IN 51242 445 45 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 445 46 . . . 51242 446 1 Very very RB 51242 446 2 little little JJ 51242 446 3 is be VBZ 51242 446 4 known know VBN 51242 446 5 by by IN 51242 446 6 the the DT 51242 446 7 general general JJ 51242 446 8 public public NN 51242 446 9 of of IN 51242 446 10 the the DT 51242 446 11 anxiety anxiety NN 51242 446 12 , , , 51242 446 13 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 446 14 , , , 51242 446 15 and and CC 51242 446 16 expense expense NN 51242 446 17 attending attend VBG 51242 446 18 such such JJ 51242 446 19 negotiations negotiation NNS 51242 446 20 with with IN 51242 446 21 local local JJ 51242 446 22 bodies body NNS 51242 446 23 divided divide VBN 51242 446 24 into into IN 51242 446 25 parties party NNS 51242 446 26 or or CC 51242 446 27 cliques clique NNS 51242 446 28 and and CC 51242 446 29 furnished furnish VBN 51242 446 30 with with IN 51242 446 31 an an DT 51242 446 32 absolute absolute JJ 51242 446 33 power power NN 51242 446 34 of of IN 51242 446 35 veto veto NN 51242 446 36 . . . 51242 447 1 Looking look VBG 51242 447 2 back back RB 51242 447 3 on on IN 51242 447 4 the the DT 51242 447 5 history history NN 51242 447 6 of of IN 51242 447 7 electric electric JJ 51242 447 8 traction traction NN 51242 447 9 , , , 51242 447 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 447 11 really really RB 51242 447 12 seems seem VBZ 51242 447 13 extraordinary extraordinary JJ 51242 447 14 that that IN 51242 447 15 engineers engineer NNS 51242 447 16 and and CC 51242 447 17 financiers financier NNS 51242 447 18 had have VBD 51242 447 19 the the DT 51242 447 20 patience patience NN 51242 447 21 to to TO 51242 447 22 undertake undertake VB 51242 447 23 this this DT 51242 447 24 work work NN 51242 447 25 and and CC 51242 447 26 carry carry VB 51242 447 27 it -PRON- PRP 51242 447 28 through through RP 51242 447 29 . . . 51242 448 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 448 2 reward reward NN 51242 448 3 , , , 51242 448 4 as as IN 51242 448 5 will will MD 51242 448 6 be be VB 51242 448 7 seen see VBN 51242 448 8 , , , 51242 448 9 was be VBD 51242 448 10 not not RB 51242 448 11 great great JJ 51242 448 12 in in IN 51242 448 13 a a DT 51242 448 14 pecuniary pecuniary JJ 51242 448 15 sense sense NN 51242 448 16 ; ; : 51242 448 17 and and CC 51242 448 18 , , , 51242 448 19 as as IN 51242 448 20 regards regard VBZ 51242 448 21 reputation reputation NN 51242 448 22 , , , 51242 448 23 they -PRON- PRP 51242 448 24 are be VBP 51242 448 25 generally generally RB 51242 448 26 accused accuse VBN 51242 448 27 of of IN 51242 448 28 being be VBG 51242 448 29 extravagant extravagant JJ 51242 448 30 , , , 51242 448 31 avaricious avaricious JJ 51242 448 32 , , , 51242 448 33 and and CC 51242 448 34 wanting want VBG 51242 448 35 in in IN 51242 448 36 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 448 37 . . . 51242 449 1 The the DT 51242 449 2 ultimate ultimate JJ 51242 449 3 effect effect NN 51242 449 4 was be VBD 51242 449 5 that that IN 51242 449 6 the the DT 51242 449 7 actual actual JJ 51242 449 8 cost cost NN 51242 449 9 of of IN 51242 449 10 electric electric JJ 51242 449 11 tramways tramway NNS 51242 449 12 exceeded exceed VBD 51242 449 13 the the DT 51242 449 14 estimates estimate NNS 51242 449 15 prepared prepare VBN 51242 449 16 on on IN 51242 449 17 the the DT 51242 449 18 basis basis NN 51242 449 19 of of IN 51242 449 20 Continental continental JJ 51242 449 21 and and CC 51242 449 22 American american JJ 51242 449 23 experience experience NN 51242 449 24 . . . 51242 450 1 The the DT 51242 450 2 more more RBR 51242 450 3 prolonged prolonged JJ 51242 450 4 and and CC 51242 450 5 difficult difficult JJ 51242 450 6 the the DT 51242 450 7 negotiations negotiation NNS 51242 450 8 preliminary preliminary JJ 51242 450 9 to to IN 51242 450 10 a a DT 51242 450 11 scheme scheme NN 51242 450 12 became become VBD 51242 450 13 , , , 51242 450 14 the the DT 51242 450 15 greater great JJR 51242 450 16 the the DT 51242 450 17 expense expense NN 51242 450 18 . . . 51242 451 1 And and CC 51242 451 2 the the DT 51242 451 3 conditions condition NNS 51242 451 4 imposed impose VBN 51242 451 5 by by IN 51242 451 6 local local JJ 51242 451 7 authorities authority NNS 51242 451 8 as as IN 51242 451 9 the the DT 51242 451 10 price price NN 51242 451 11 of of IN 51242 451 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 451 13 consent consent NN 51242 451 14 loaded load VBD 51242 451 15 the the DT 51242 451 16 capital capital NN 51242 451 17 account account NN 51242 451 18 of of IN 51242 451 19 electric electric JJ 51242 451 20 tramway tramway JJ 51242 451 21 undertakings undertaking NNS 51242 451 22 with with IN 51242 451 23 items item NNS 51242 451 24 which which WDT 51242 451 25 had have VBD 51242 451 26 no no DT 51242 451 27 direct direct JJ 51242 451 28 concern concern NN 51242 451 29 with with IN 51242 451 30 the the DT 51242 451 31 tramway tramway NN 51242 451 32 . . . 51242 452 1 The the DT 51242 452 2 Board Board NNP 51242 452 3 of of IN 51242 452 4 Trade Trade NNP 51242 452 5 assisted assist VBD 51242 452 6 the the DT 51242 452 7 increase increase NN 51242 452 8 in in IN 51242 452 9 cost cost NN 51242 452 10 by by IN 51242 452 11 prescribing prescribe VBG 51242 452 12 a a DT 51242 452 13 standard standard NN 51242 452 14 of of IN 51242 452 15 construction construction NN 51242 452 16 which which WDT 51242 452 17 was be VBD 51242 452 18 higher high JJR 51242 452 19 than than IN 51242 452 20 that that DT 51242 452 21 allowed allow VBN 51242 452 22 in in IN 51242 452 23 other other JJ 51242 452 24 countries country NNS 51242 452 25 . . . 51242 453 1 The the DT 51242 453 2 net net JJ 51242 453 3 result result NN 51242 453 4 has have VBZ 51242 453 5 been be VBN 51242 453 6 that that IN 51242 453 7 while while IN 51242 453 8 electric electric JJ 51242 453 9 tramways tramway NNS 51242 453 10 were be VBD 51242 453 11 expected expect VBN 51242 453 12 to to TO 51242 453 13 cost cost VB 51242 453 14 about about IN 51242 453 15 £9500 £9500 NNP 51242 453 16 per per IN 51242 453 17 mile mile NN 51242 453 18 , , , 51242 453 19 they -PRON- PRP 51242 453 20 have have VBP 51242 453 21 actually actually RB 51242 453 22 cost cost VBN 51242 453 23 over over IN 51242 453 24 £12,000 £12,000 NNP 51242 453 25 per per IN 51242 453 26 mile mile NN 51242 453 27 . . . 51242 454 1 The the DT 51242 454 2 revenue revenue NN 51242 454 3 side side NN 51242 454 4 of of IN 51242 454 5 the the DT 51242 454 6 account account NN 51242 454 7 has have VBZ 51242 454 8 also also RB 51242 454 9 been be VBN 51242 454 10 affected affect VBN 51242 454 11 by by IN 51242 454 12 the the DT 51242 454 13 power power NN 51242 454 14 of of IN 51242 454 15 veto veto NN 51242 454 16 . . . 51242 455 1 A a DT 51242 455 2 local local JJ 51242 455 3 authority authority NN 51242 455 4 has have VBZ 51242 455 5 no no DT 51242 455 6 hesitation hesitation NN 51242 455 7 in in IN 51242 455 8 imposing impose VBG 51242 455 9 low low JJ 51242 455 10 fares fare NNS 51242 455 11 and and CC 51242 455 12 long long JJ 51242 455 13 stages stage NNS 51242 455 14 ( ( -LRB- 51242 455 15 with with IN 51242 455 16 high high JJ 51242 455 17 wages wage NNS 51242 455 18 and and CC 51242 455 19 short short JJ 51242 455 20 hours hour NNS 51242 455 21 for for IN 51242 455 22 employees employee NNS 51242 455 23 ) ) -RRB- 51242 455 24 upon upon IN 51242 455 25 a a DT 51242 455 26 tramway tramway JJ 51242 455 27 company company NN 51242 455 28 seeking seek VBG 51242 455 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 455 30 consent consent NN 51242 455 31 . . . 51242 456 1 The the DT 51242 456 2 standard standard NN 51242 456 3 usually usually RB 51242 456 4 adopted adopt VBN 51242 456 5 is be VBZ 51242 456 6 that that DT 51242 456 7 of of IN 51242 456 8 large large JJ 51242 456 9 urban urban JJ 51242 456 10 systems system NNS 51242 456 11 with with IN 51242 456 12 dense dense JJ 51242 456 13 traffic traffic NN 51242 456 14 , , , 51242 456 15 so so IN 51242 456 16 that that IN 51242 456 17 systems system NNS 51242 456 18 in in IN 51242 456 19 scattered scatter VBN 51242 456 20 districts district NNS 51242 456 21 are be VBP 51242 456 22 often often RB 51242 456 23 unfairly unfairly RB 51242 456 24 treated treat VBN 51242 456 25 . . . 51242 457 1 In in IN 51242 457 2 municipal municipal JJ 51242 457 3 systems system NNS 51242 457 4 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 457 5 the the DT 51242 457 6 fares fare NNS 51242 457 7 are be VBP 51242 457 8 apt apt JJ 51242 457 9 to to TO 51242 457 10 be be VB 51242 457 11 determined determine VBN 51242 457 12 by by IN 51242 457 13 the the DT 51242 457 14 promises promise NNS 51242 457 15 of of IN 51242 457 16 councillors councillor NNS 51242 457 17 at at IN 51242 457 18 election election NN 51242 457 19 times time NNS 51242 457 20 rather rather RB 51242 457 21 than than IN 51242 457 22 by by IN 51242 457 23 the the DT 51242 457 24 simple simple JJ 51242 457 25 consideration consideration NN 51242 457 26 of of IN 51242 457 27 a a DT 51242 457 28 fair fair JJ 51242 457 29 price price NN 51242 457 30 for for IN 51242 457 31 improved improved JJ 51242 457 32 traffic traffic NN 51242 457 33 facilities facility NNS 51242 457 34 . . . 51242 458 1 Workmen workman NNS 51242 458 2 's 's POS 51242 458 3 fares fare NNS 51242 458 4 , , , 51242 458 5 for for IN 51242 458 6 instance instance NN 51242 458 7 , , , 51242 458 8 are be VBP 51242 458 9 a a DT 51242 458 10 dead dead JJ 51242 458 11 loss loss NN 51242 458 12 on on IN 51242 458 13 practically practically RB 51242 458 14 every every DT 51242 458 15 tramway tramway JJ 51242 458 16 system system NN 51242 458 17 . . . 51242 459 1 Every every DT 51242 459 2 now now RB 51242 459 3 and and CC 51242 459 4 again again RB 51242 459 5 there there EX 51242 459 6 is be VBZ 51242 459 7 an an DT 51242 459 8 agitation agitation NN 51242 459 9 for for IN 51242 459 10 halfpenny halfpenny NN 51242 459 11 fares fare NNS 51242 459 12 , , , 51242 459 13 for for IN 51242 459 14 the the DT 51242 459 15 extension extension NN 51242 459 16 of of IN 51242 459 17 stages stage NNS 51242 459 18 , , , 51242 459 19 for for IN 51242 459 20 cheap cheap JJ 51242 459 21 rates rate NNS 51242 459 22 for for IN 51242 459 23 school school NN 51242 459 24 children child NNS 51242 459 25 , , , 51242 459 26 for for IN 51242 459 27 free free JJ 51242 459 28 transport transport NN 51242 459 29 for for IN 51242 459 30 the the DT 51242 459 31 blind blind JJ 51242 459 32 , , , 51242 459 33 and and CC 51242 459 34 so so RB 51242 459 35 on on RB 51242 459 36 . . . 51242 460 1 A a DT 51242 460 2 leading lead VBG 51242 460 3 municipal municipal JJ 51242 460 4 tramway tramway JJ 51242 460 5 manager manager NN 51242 460 6 once once RB 51242 460 7 remarked remark VBD 51242 460 8 that that IN 51242 460 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 460 10 was be VBD 51242 460 11 almost almost RB 51242 460 12 impossible impossible JJ 51242 460 13 for for IN 51242 460 14 men man NNS 51242 460 15 in in IN 51242 460 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 460 17 position position NN 51242 460 18 to to TO 51242 460 19 resist resist VB 51242 460 20 the the DT 51242 460 21 pressure pressure NN 51242 460 22 for for IN 51242 460 23 such such JJ 51242 460 24 concessions concession NNS 51242 460 25 , , , 51242 460 26 especially especially RB 51242 460 27 at at IN 51242 460 28 local local JJ 51242 460 29 election election NN 51242 460 30 periods period NNS 51242 460 31 . . . 51242 461 1 The the DT 51242 461 2 chairman chairman NN 51242 461 3 of of IN 51242 461 4 the the DT 51242 461 5 Highways Highways NNP 51242 461 6 Committee Committee NNP 51242 461 7 of of IN 51242 461 8 the the DT 51242 461 9 London London NNP 51242 461 10 County County NNP 51242 461 11 Council Council NNP 51242 461 12 recently recently RB 51242 461 13 stated state VBD 51242 461 14 that that IN 51242 461 15 never never RB 51242 461 16 a a DT 51242 461 17 day day NN 51242 461 18 passes pass VBZ 51242 461 19 without without IN 51242 461 20 some some DT 51242 461 21 appeal appeal NN 51242 461 22 for for IN 51242 461 23 concessions concession NNS 51242 461 24 in in IN 51242 461 25 tramway tramway JJ 51242 461 26 fares fare NNS 51242 461 27 . . . 51242 462 1 Most Most JJS 51242 462 2 of of IN 51242 462 3 the the DT 51242 462 4 large large JJ 51242 462 5 urban urban JJ 51242 462 6 systems system NNS 51242 462 7 are be VBP 51242 462 8 under under IN 51242 462 9 municipal municipal JJ 51242 462 10 control control NN 51242 462 11 , , , 51242 462 12 and and CC 51242 462 13 therefore therefore RB 51242 462 14 they -PRON- PRP 51242 462 15 have have VBP 51242 462 16 the the DT 51242 462 17 rates rate NNS 51242 462 18 in in IN 51242 462 19 reserve reserve NN 51242 462 20 , , , 51242 462 21 as as RB 51242 462 22 well well RB 51242 462 23 as as IN 51242 462 24 the the DT 51242 462 25 most most RBS 51242 462 26 favourable favourable JJ 51242 462 27 traffic traffic NN 51242 462 28 conditions condition NNS 51242 462 29 , , , 51242 462 30 to to TO 51242 462 31 encourage encourage VB 51242 462 32 them -PRON- PRP 51242 462 33 in in IN 51242 462 34 giving give VBG 51242 462 35 the the DT 51242 462 36 public public NN 51242 462 37 more more RBR 51242 462 38 and and CC 51242 462 39 more more JJR 51242 462 40 for for IN 51242 462 41 less less JJR 51242 462 42 money money NN 51242 462 43 . . . 51242 463 1 But but CC 51242 463 2 the the DT 51242 463 3 tramway tramway JJ 51242 463 4 companies company NNS 51242 463 5 , , , 51242 463 6 working work VBG 51242 463 7 for for IN 51242 463 8 the the DT 51242 463 9 greater great JJR 51242 463 10 part part NN 51242 463 11 in in IN 51242 463 12 less less RBR 51242 463 13 thickly thickly RB 51242 463 14 populated populate VBN 51242 463 15 areas area NNS 51242 463 16 , , , 51242 463 17 with with IN 51242 463 18 no no DT 51242 463 19 extraneous extraneous JJ 51242 463 20 means mean NNS 51242 463 21 of of IN 51242 463 22 making make VBG 51242 463 23 up up RP 51242 463 24 losses loss NNS 51242 463 25 , , , 51242 463 26 are be VBP 51242 463 27 put put VBN 51242 463 28 in in IN 51242 463 29 a a DT 51242 463 30 difficult difficult JJ 51242 463 31 position position NN 51242 463 32 when when WRB 51242 463 33 similar similar JJ 51242 463 34 concessions concession NNS 51242 463 35 are be VBP 51242 463 36 forced force VBN 51242 463 37 upon upon IN 51242 463 38 them -PRON- PRP 51242 463 39 . . . 51242 464 1 The the DT 51242 464 2 upshot upshot NN 51242 464 3 is be VBZ 51242 464 4 that that IN 51242 464 5 the the DT 51242 464 6 average average JJ 51242 464 7 return return NN 51242 464 8 on on IN 51242 464 9 the the DT 51242 464 10 capital capital NN 51242 464 11 of of IN 51242 464 12 electric electric JJ 51242 464 13 traction traction NN 51242 464 14 companies company NNS 51242 464 15 amounts amount VBZ 51242 464 16 to to IN 51242 464 17 only only RB 51242 464 18 3·41 3â·41 CD 51242 464 19 per per IN 51242 464 20 cent cent NN 51242 464 21 . . . 51242 465 1 Better well JJR 51242 465 2 profits profit NNS 51242 465 3 were be VBD 51242 465 4 , , , 51242 465 5 in in IN 51242 465 6 fact fact NN 51242 465 7 , , , 51242 465 8 made make VBN 51242 465 9 in in IN 51242 465 10 the the DT 51242 465 11 horse horse NN 51242 465 12 tramway tramway JJ 51242 465 13 days day NNS 51242 465 14 ; ; : 51242 465 15 and and CC 51242 465 16 the the DT 51242 465 17 electric electric JJ 51242 465 18 traction traction NN 51242 465 19 industry industry NN 51242 465 20 is be VBZ 51242 465 21 a a DT 51242 465 22 fine fine JJ 51242 465 23 example example NN 51242 465 24 of of IN 51242 465 25 the the DT 51242 465 26 way way NN 51242 465 27 in in IN 51242 465 28 which which WDT 51242 465 29 the the DT 51242 465 30 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 465 31 of of IN 51242 465 32 engineers engineer NNS 51242 465 33 and and CC 51242 465 34 capitalists capitalist NNS 51242 465 35 may may MD 51242 465 36 bring bring VB 51242 465 37 little little JJ 51242 465 38 comfort comfort NN 51242 465 39 to to IN 51242 465 40 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 465 41 but but CC 51242 465 42 enormous enormous JJ 51242 465 43 benefit benefit NN 51242 465 44 to to IN 51242 465 45 the the DT 51242 465 46 public public NN 51242 465 47 , , , 51242 465 48 which which WDT 51242 465 49 shows show VBZ 51242 465 50 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 465 51 gratitude gratitude NN 51242 465 52 by by IN 51242 465 53 asking ask VBG 51242 465 54 for for IN 51242 465 55 greater great JJR 51242 465 56 blessings blessing NNS 51242 465 57 at at IN 51242 465 58 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 465 59 expense expense NN 51242 465 60 . . . 51242 466 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 466 2 VIII viii NN 51242 466 3 ELECTRIC electric NN 51242 466 4 TRAMWAY TRAMWAY NNP 51242 466 5 STAGNATION STAGNATION NNP 51242 466 6 . . . 51242 467 1 THE the DT 51242 467 2 TROLLEY TROLLEY NNP 51242 467 3 OMNIBUS omnibu VBN 51242 467 4 The the DT 51242 467 5 revenue revenue NN 51242 467 6 of of IN 51242 467 7 a a DT 51242 467 8 tramway tramway NN 51242 467 9 is be VBZ 51242 467 10 built build VBN 51242 467 11 up up IN 51242 467 12 of of IN 51242 467 13 pennies penny NNS 51242 467 14 ; ; : 51242 467 15 and and CC 51242 467 16 a a DT 51242 467 17 minute minute JJ 51242 467 18 increase increase NN 51242 467 19 in in IN 51242 467 20 the the DT 51242 467 21 average average JJ 51242 467 22 earnings earning NNS 51242 467 23 per per IN 51242 467 24 passenger passenger NN 51242 467 25 will will MD 51242 467 26 therefore therefore RB 51242 467 27 have have VB 51242 467 28 a a DT 51242 467 29 large large JJ 51242 467 30 effect effect NN 51242 467 31 on on IN 51242 467 32 the the DT 51242 467 33 total total JJ 51242 467 34 receipts receipt NNS 51242 467 35 . . . 51242 468 1 For for IN 51242 468 2 instance instance NN 51242 468 3 , , , 51242 468 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 468 5 was be VBD 51242 468 6 calculated calculate VBN 51242 468 7 ( ( -LRB- 51242 468 8 in in IN 51242 468 9 1907 1907 CD 51242 468 10 ) ) -RRB- 51242 468 11 that that IN 51242 468 12 an an DT 51242 468 13 increase increase NN 51242 468 14 of of IN 51242 468 15 one one CD 51242 468 16 - - HYPH 51242 468 17 tenth tenth NN 51242 468 18 of of IN 51242 468 19 a a DT 51242 468 20 penny penny NN 51242 468 21 in in IN 51242 468 22 the the DT 51242 468 23 average average JJ 51242 468 24 fare fare NN 51242 468 25 on on IN 51242 468 26 the the DT 51242 468 27 sixty sixty CD 51242 468 28 systems system NNS 51242 468 29 under under IN 51242 468 30 the the DT 51242 468 31 control control NN 51242 468 32 of of IN 51242 468 33 the the DT 51242 468 34 British British NNP 51242 468 35 Electric Electric NNP 51242 468 36 Traction Traction NNP 51242 468 37 Company Company NNP 51242 468 38 would would MD 51242 468 39 mean mean VB 51242 468 40 an an DT 51242 468 41 increase increase NN 51242 468 42 of of IN 51242 468 43 over over IN 51242 468 44 £200,000 £200,000 NNP 51242 468 45 in in IN 51242 468 46 the the DT 51242 468 47 revenue revenue NN 51242 468 48 . . . 51242 469 1 Similarly similarly RB 51242 469 2 , , , 51242 469 3 a a DT 51242 469 4 fractional fractional JJ 51242 469 5 decrease decrease NN 51242 469 6 in in IN 51242 469 7 one one CD 51242 469 8 of of IN 51242 469 9 the the DT 51242 469 10 operating operating NN 51242 469 11 expenses expense NNS 51242 469 12 -- -- : 51242 469 13 say say VBP 51242 469 14 , , , 51242 469 15 the the DT 51242 469 16 cost cost NN 51242 469 17 of of IN 51242 469 18 electric electric JJ 51242 469 19 current current NN 51242 469 20 -- -- : 51242 469 21 might may MD 51242 469 22 transform transform VB 51242 469 23 a a DT 51242 469 24 shaky shaky JJ 51242 469 25 undertaking undertaking NN 51242 469 26 into into IN 51242 469 27 a a DT 51242 469 28 sound sound JJ 51242 469 29 one one CD 51242 469 30 . . . 51242 470 1 Tramway tramway JJ 51242 470 2 finance finance NN 51242 470 3 , , , 51242 470 4 in in IN 51242 470 5 fact fact NN 51242 470 6 , , , 51242 470 7 is be VBZ 51242 470 8 a a DT 51242 470 9 question question NN 51242 470 10 of of IN 51242 470 11 infinitesimals infinitesimal NNS 51242 470 12 . . . 51242 471 1 So so RB 51242 471 2 long long RB 51242 471 3 as as IN 51242 471 4 fares fare NNS 51242 471 5 are be VBP 51242 471 6 determined determine VBN 51242 471 7 by by IN 51242 471 8 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 51242 471 9 conditions condition NNS 51242 471 10 , , , 51242 471 11 little little JJ 51242 471 12 can can MD 51242 471 13 be be VB 51242 471 14 done do VBN 51242 471 15 to to TO 51242 471 16 increase increase VB 51242 471 17 the the DT 51242 471 18 revenue revenue NN 51242 471 19 on on IN 51242 471 20 an an DT 51242 471 21 electric electric JJ 51242 471 22 tramway tramway NN 51242 471 23 system system NN 51242 471 24 . . . 51242 472 1 Such such JJ 51242 472 2 matters matter NNS 51242 472 3 as as IN 51242 472 4 the the DT 51242 472 5 weather weather NN 51242 472 6 and and CC 51242 472 7 the the DT 51242 472 8 extent extent NN 51242 472 9 of of IN 51242 472 10 building build VBG 51242 472 11 operations operation NNS 51242 472 12 have have VBP 51242 472 13 far far RB 51242 472 14 more more JJR 51242 472 15 influence influence NN 51242 472 16 on on IN 51242 472 17 tramway tramway JJ 51242 472 18 traffic traffic NN 51242 472 19 than than IN 51242 472 20 anything anything NN 51242 472 21 the the DT 51242 472 22 tramway tramway JJ 51242 472 23 manager manager NN 51242 472 24 can can MD 51242 472 25 do do VB 51242 472 26 to to TO 51242 472 27 assist assist VB 51242 472 28 it -PRON- PRP 51242 472 29 . . . 51242 473 1 Apart apart RB 51242 473 2 from from IN 51242 473 3 the the DT 51242 473 4 development development NN 51242 473 5 of of IN 51242 473 6 parcels parcel NNS 51242 473 7 traffic traffic NN 51242 473 8 , , , 51242 473 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 473 10 best good JJS 51242 473 11 opportunities opportunity NNS 51242 473 12 lie lie VBP 51242 473 13 in in IN 51242 473 14 the the DT 51242 473 15 skilful skilful JJ 51242 473 16 adjustment adjustment NN 51242 473 17 of of IN 51242 473 18 the the DT 51242 473 19 service service NN 51242 473 20 to to IN 51242 473 21 the the DT 51242 473 22 varying varying NN 51242 473 23 needs need NNS 51242 473 24 of of IN 51242 473 25 the the DT 51242 473 26 public public NN 51242 473 27 , , , 51242 473 28 so so IN 51242 473 29 that that IN 51242 473 30 the the DT 51242 473 31 ' ' `` 51242 473 32 rush rush NN 51242 473 33 ' ' '' 51242 473 34 hours hour NNS 51242 473 35 find find VBP 51242 473 36 an an DT 51242 473 37 adequate adequate JJ 51242 473 38 supply supply NN 51242 473 39 of of IN 51242 473 40 cars car NNS 51242 473 41 , , , 51242 473 42 while while IN 51242 473 43 the the DT 51242 473 44 quieter quieter NN 51242 473 45 hours hour NNS 51242 473 46 find find VBP 51242 473 47 no no DT 51242 473 48 ' ' `` 51242 473 49 waste waste NN 51242 473 50 car car NN 51242 473 51 mileage mileage NN 51242 473 52 ' ' '' 51242 473 53 in in IN 51242 473 54 the the DT 51242 473 55 form form NN 51242 473 56 of of IN 51242 473 57 empty empty JJ 51242 473 58 cars car NNS 51242 473 59 . . . 51242 474 1 He -PRON- PRP 51242 474 2 can can MD 51242 474 3 also also RB 51242 474 4 do do VB 51242 474 5 a a DT 51242 474 6 good good JJ 51242 474 7 deal deal NN 51242 474 8 in in IN 51242 474 9 the the DT 51242 474 10 way way NN 51242 474 11 of of IN 51242 474 12 inducing induce VBG 51242 474 13 the the DT 51242 474 14 drivers driver NNS 51242 474 15 not not RB 51242 474 16 to to TO 51242 474 17 waste waste VB 51242 474 18 current current NN 51242 474 19 . . . 51242 475 1 By by IN 51242 475 2 putting put VBG 51242 475 3 an an DT 51242 475 4 electricity electricity NN 51242 475 5 meter meter NN 51242 475 6 on on IN 51242 475 7 each each DT 51242 475 8 car car NN 51242 475 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 475 10 is be VBZ 51242 475 11 possible possible JJ 51242 475 12 to to TO 51242 475 13 check check VB 51242 475 14 the the DT 51242 475 15 current current JJ 51242 475 16 consumption consumption NN 51242 475 17 and and CC 51242 475 18 , , , 51242 475 19 by by IN 51242 475 20 a a DT 51242 475 21 system system NN 51242 475 22 of of IN 51242 475 23 bonuses bonus NNS 51242 475 24 , , , 51242 475 25 to to TO 51242 475 26 encourage encourage VB 51242 475 27 the the DT 51242 475 28 economical economical JJ 51242 475 29 driver driver NN 51242 475 30 . . . 51242 476 1 There there EX 51242 476 2 are be VBP 51242 476 3 many many JJ 51242 476 4 other other JJ 51242 476 5 directions direction NNS 51242 476 6 in in IN 51242 476 7 which which WDT 51242 476 8 small small JJ 51242 476 9 financial financial JJ 51242 476 10 leakages leakage NNS 51242 476 11 may may MD 51242 476 12 be be VB 51242 476 13 arrested arrest VBN 51242 476 14 , , , 51242 476 15 giving give VBG 51242 476 16 an an DT 51242 476 17 aggregate aggregate JJ 51242 476 18 saving saving NN 51242 476 19 which which WDT 51242 476 20 is be VBZ 51242 476 21 well well RB 51242 476 22 worth worth JJ 51242 476 23 the the DT 51242 476 24 trouble trouble NN 51242 476 25 . . . 51242 477 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 477 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 477 3 : : : 51242 477 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 477 5 . . . 51242 478 1 6 6 CD 51242 478 2 . . . 51242 479 1 Photograph Photograph NNP 51242 479 2 of of IN 51242 479 3 an an DT 51242 479 4 electric electric JJ 51242 479 5 trolley trolley NN 51242 479 6 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 479 7 built build VBN 51242 479 8 by by IN 51242 479 9 the the DT 51242 479 10 Railless Railless NNP 51242 479 11 Electric Electric NNP 51242 479 12 Traction Traction NNP 51242 479 13 Company Company NNP 51242 479 14 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 51242 479 15 in in IN 51242 479 16 1909 1909 CD 51242 479 17 and and CC 51242 479 18 operated operate VBD 51242 479 19 at at IN 51242 479 20 Hendon Hendon NNP 51242 479 21 for for IN 51242 479 22 experimental experimental JJ 51242 479 23 purposes purpose NNS 51242 479 24 . . . 51242 480 1 Later later JJ 51242 480 2 cars car NNS 51242 480 3 built build VBN 51242 480 4 by by IN 51242 480 5 this this DT 51242 480 6 company company NN 51242 480 7 are be VBP 51242 480 8 of of IN 51242 480 9 a a DT 51242 480 10 lighter light JJR 51242 480 11 and and CC 51242 480 12 simpler simple JJR 51242 480 13 design design NN 51242 480 14 , , , 51242 480 15 but but CC 51242 480 16 the the DT 51242 480 17 illustration illustration NN 51242 480 18 shows show VBZ 51242 480 19 clearly clearly RB 51242 480 20 the the DT 51242 480 21 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 480 22 of of IN 51242 480 23 a a DT 51242 480 24 double double JJ 51242 480 25 trolley trolley NN 51242 480 26 for for IN 51242 480 27 supplying supply VBG 51242 480 28 current current NN 51242 480 29 to to IN 51242 480 30 a a DT 51242 480 31 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 480 32 which which WDT 51242 480 33 ' ' `` 51242 480 34 steers steer NNS 51242 480 35 ' ' '' 51242 480 36 like like IN 51242 480 37 an an DT 51242 480 38 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 480 39 motor motor NN 51242 480 40 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 480 41 . . . 51242 480 42 ] ] -RRB- 51242 481 1 The the DT 51242 481 2 fact fact NN 51242 481 3 remains remain VBZ 51242 481 4 , , , 51242 481 5 however however RB 51242 481 6 , , , 51242 481 7 that that IN 51242 481 8 on on IN 51242 481 9 the the DT 51242 481 10 whole whole NN 51242 481 11 the the DT 51242 481 12 electric electric JJ 51242 481 13 tramway tramway JJ 51242 481 14 business business NN 51242 481 15 depends depend VBZ 51242 481 16 upon upon IN 51242 481 17 too too RB 51242 481 18 narrow narrow JJ 51242 481 19 a a DT 51242 481 20 margin margin NN 51242 481 21 between between IN 51242 481 22 costs cost NNS 51242 481 23 and and CC 51242 481 24 receipts receipt NNS 51242 481 25 . . . 51242 482 1 The the DT 51242 482 2 recognition recognition NN 51242 482 3 of of IN 51242 482 4 this this DT 51242 482 5 fact fact NN 51242 482 6 , , , 51242 482 7 coupled couple VBN 51242 482 8 with with IN 51242 482 9 the the DT 51242 482 10 legislative legislative JJ 51242 482 11 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 482 12 already already RB 51242 482 13 described describe VBN 51242 482 14 , , , 51242 482 15 led lead VBD 51242 482 16 to to IN 51242 482 17 the the DT 51242 482 18 practical practical JJ 51242 482 19 cessation cessation NN 51242 482 20 of of IN 51242 482 21 tramway tramway JJ 51242 482 22 development development NN 51242 482 23 in in IN 51242 482 24 Great Great NNP 51242 482 25 Britain Britain NNP 51242 482 26 at at IN 51242 482 27 a a DT 51242 482 28 point point NN 51242 482 29 far far RB 51242 482 30 short short RB 51242 482 31 of of IN 51242 482 32 what what WP 51242 482 33 was be VBD 51242 482 34 once once RB 51242 482 35 expected expect VBN 51242 482 36 . . . 51242 483 1 At at IN 51242 483 2 one one CD 51242 483 3 stage stage NN 51242 483 4 , , , 51242 483 5 no no RB 51242 483 6 doubt doubt RB 51242 483 7 , , , 51242 483 8 people people NNS 51242 483 9 were be VBD 51242 483 10 a a DT 51242 483 11 little little JJ 51242 483 12 too too RB 51242 483 13 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 51242 483 14 about about IN 51242 483 15 electric electric JJ 51242 483 16 traction traction NN 51242 483 17 . . . 51242 484 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 484 2 imagined imagine VBD 51242 484 3 that that IN 51242 484 4 electric electric JJ 51242 484 5 traction traction NN 51242 484 6 would would MD 51242 484 7 create create VB 51242 484 8 profitable profitable JJ 51242 484 9 traffic traffic NN 51242 484 10 along along IN 51242 484 11 the the DT 51242 484 12 most most RBS 51242 484 13 deserted desert VBN 51242 484 14 of of IN 51242 484 15 side side NN 51242 484 16 streets street NNS 51242 484 17 . . . 51242 485 1 Acting act VBG 51242 485 2 on on IN 51242 485 3 that that DT 51242 485 4 theory theory NN 51242 485 5 , , , 51242 485 6 municipalities municipality NNS 51242 485 7 constructed construct VBN 51242 485 8 -- -- : 51242 485 9 or or CC 51242 485 10 forced force VBD 51242 485 11 tramway tramway JJ 51242 485 12 companies company NNS 51242 485 13 to to TO 51242 485 14 construct construct VB 51242 485 15 -- -- : 51242 485 16 lines line NNS 51242 485 17 along along IN 51242 485 18 roads road NNS 51242 485 19 which which WDT 51242 485 20 could could MD 51242 485 21 never never RB 51242 485 22 supply supply VB 51242 485 23 enough enough JJ 51242 485 24 traffic traffic NN 51242 485 25 to to TO 51242 485 26 justify justify VB 51242 485 27 the the DT 51242 485 28 expenditure expenditure NN 51242 485 29 involved involve VBN 51242 485 30 . . . 51242 486 1 The the DT 51242 486 2 interest interest NN 51242 486 3 on on IN 51242 486 4 capital capital NN 51242 486 5 and and CC 51242 486 6 other other JJ 51242 486 7 standing standing NN 51242 486 8 charges charge NNS 51242 486 9 for for IN 51242 486 10 an an DT 51242 486 11 electric electric JJ 51242 486 12 tramway tramway JJ 51242 486 13 route route NN 51242 486 14 are be VBP 51242 486 15 so so RB 51242 486 16 substantial substantial JJ 51242 486 17 that that IN 51242 486 18 a a DT 51242 486 19 certain certain JJ 51242 486 20 minimum minimum NN 51242 486 21 of of IN 51242 486 22 traffic traffic NN 51242 486 23 density density NN 51242 486 24 must must MD 51242 486 25 exist exist VB 51242 486 26 before before IN 51242 486 27 any any DT 51242 486 28 profit profit NN 51242 486 29 at at RB 51242 486 30 all all RB 51242 486 31 can can MD 51242 486 32 be be VB 51242 486 33 earned earn VBN 51242 486 34 . . . 51242 487 1 However however RB 51242 487 2 , , , 51242 487 3 after after IN 51242 487 4 every every DT 51242 487 5 allowance allowance NN 51242 487 6 is be VBZ 51242 487 7 made make VBN 51242 487 8 for for IN 51242 487 9 such such JJ 51242 487 10 local local JJ 51242 487 11 excesses excess NNS 51242 487 12 of of IN 51242 487 13 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 51242 487 14 , , , 51242 487 15 the the DT 51242 487 16 under under RB 51242 487 17 - - HYPH 51242 487 18 developed develop VBN 51242 487 19 condition condition NN 51242 487 20 of of IN 51242 487 21 electric electric JJ 51242 487 22 traction traction NN 51242 487 23 in in IN 51242 487 24 Great Great NNP 51242 487 25 Britain Britain NNP 51242 487 26 remains remain VBZ 51242 487 27 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 51242 487 28 enough enough RB 51242 487 29 . . . 51242 488 1 A a DT 51242 488 2 sensible sensible JJ 51242 488 3 relaxation relaxation NN 51242 488 4 of of IN 51242 488 5 legislative legislative JJ 51242 488 6 restrictions restriction NNS 51242 488 7 would would MD 51242 488 8 go go VB 51242 488 9 a a DT 51242 488 10 long long JJ 51242 488 11 way way NN 51242 488 12 to to TO 51242 488 13 improve improve VB 51242 488 14 matters matter NNS 51242 488 15 -- -- : 51242 488 16 if if IN 51242 488 17 , , , 51242 488 18 that that DT 51242 488 19 is be VBZ 51242 488 20 to to TO 51242 488 21 say say VB 51242 488 22 , , , 51242 488 23 financiers financier NNS 51242 488 24 could could MD 51242 488 25 be be VB 51242 488 26 induced induce VBN 51242 488 27 to to TO 51242 488 28 re re VB 51242 488 29 - - VB 51242 488 30 enter enter VB 51242 488 31 a a DT 51242 488 32 field field NN 51242 488 33 in in IN 51242 488 34 which which WDT 51242 488 35 they -PRON- PRP 51242 488 36 have have VBP 51242 488 37 had have VBN 51242 488 38 many many JJ 51242 488 39 disappointments disappointment NNS 51242 488 40 . . . 51242 489 1 Great great JJ 51242 489 2 hopes hope NNS 51242 489 3 of of IN 51242 489 4 improvement improvement NN 51242 489 5 were be VBD 51242 489 6 entertained entertain VBN 51242 489 7 when when WRB 51242 489 8 the the DT 51242 489 9 Light Light NNP 51242 489 10 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 489 11 Act Act NNP 51242 489 12 , , , 51242 489 13 1896 1896 CD 51242 489 14 , , , 51242 489 15 was be VBD 51242 489 16 passed pass VBN 51242 489 17 . . . 51242 490 1 The the DT 51242 490 2 primary primary JJ 51242 490 3 object object NN 51242 490 4 of of IN 51242 490 5 this this DT 51242 490 6 Act Act NNP 51242 490 7 was be VBD 51242 490 8 to to TO 51242 490 9 encourage encourage VB 51242 490 10 the the DT 51242 490 11 building building NN 51242 490 12 of of IN 51242 490 13 cheap cheap JJ 51242 490 14 railways railway NNS 51242 490 15 for for IN 51242 490 16 agricultural agricultural JJ 51242 490 17 and and CC 51242 490 18 fishery fishery JJ 51242 490 19 purposes purpose NNS 51242 490 20 , , , 51242 490 21 but but CC 51242 490 22 it -PRON- PRP 51242 490 23 was be VBD 51242 490 24 drafted draft VBN 51242 490 25 on on IN 51242 490 26 lines line NNS 51242 490 27 broad broad JJ 51242 490 28 enough enough RB 51242 490 29 to to TO 51242 490 30 include include VB 51242 490 31 electric electric JJ 51242 490 32 tramways tramway NNS 51242 490 33 . . . 51242 491 1 Arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 491 2 were be VBD 51242 491 3 made make VBN 51242 491 4 for for IN 51242 491 5 State state NN 51242 491 6 and and CC 51242 491 7 local local JJ 51242 491 8 contributions contribution NNS 51242 491 9 to to IN 51242 491 10 the the DT 51242 491 11 cost cost NN 51242 491 12 of of IN 51242 491 13 such such JJ 51242 491 14 schemes scheme NNS 51242 491 15 , , , 51242 491 16 in in IN 51242 491 17 cases case NNS 51242 491 18 where where WRB 51242 491 19 subsidies subsidy NNS 51242 491 20 appeared appear VBD 51242 491 21 to to TO 51242 491 22 be be VB 51242 491 23 justifiable justifiable JJ 51242 491 24 . . . 51242 492 1 The the DT 51242 492 2 procedure procedure NN 51242 492 3 in in IN 51242 492 4 obtaining obtain VBG 51242 492 5 powers power NNS 51242 492 6 was be VBD 51242 492 7 made make VBN 51242 492 8 as as IN 51242 492 9 simple simple JJ 51242 492 10 and and CC 51242 492 11 as as RB 51242 492 12 economical economical JJ 51242 492 13 as as IN 51242 492 14 possible possible JJ 51242 492 15 . . . 51242 493 1 Applications application NNS 51242 493 2 for for IN 51242 493 3 ' ' `` 51242 493 4 Light Light NNP 51242 493 5 Railway Railway NNP 51242 493 6 Orders Orders NNP 51242 493 7 ' ' '' 51242 493 8 had have VBD 51242 493 9 to to TO 51242 493 10 be be VB 51242 493 11 made make VBN 51242 493 12 to to IN 51242 493 13 the the DT 51242 493 14 Light Light NNP 51242 493 15 Railway Railway NNP 51242 493 16 Commission Commission NNP 51242 493 17 , , , 51242 493 18 one one CD 51242 493 19 of of IN 51242 493 20 whose whose WP$ 51242 493 21 members member NNS 51242 493 22 then then RB 51242 493 23 arranged arrange VBD 51242 493 24 to to TO 51242 493 25 hold hold VB 51242 493 26 a a DT 51242 493 27 local local JJ 51242 493 28 inquiry inquiry NN 51242 493 29 into into IN 51242 493 30 the the DT 51242 493 31 proposal proposal NN 51242 493 32 . . . 51242 494 1 If if IN 51242 494 2 sanctioned sanction VBN 51242 494 3 , , , 51242 494 4 the the DT 51242 494 5 scheme scheme NN 51242 494 6 was be VBD 51242 494 7 passed pass VBN 51242 494 8 on on RP 51242 494 9 to to IN 51242 494 10 the the DT 51242 494 11 Board Board NNP 51242 494 12 of of IN 51242 494 13 Trade Trade NNP 51242 494 14 for for IN 51242 494 15 approval approval NN 51242 494 16 , , , 51242 494 17 and and CC 51242 494 18 the the DT 51242 494 19 Order Order NNP 51242 494 20 , , , 51242 494 21 if if IN 51242 494 22 confirmed confirm VBN 51242 494 23 , , , 51242 494 24 thus thus RB 51242 494 25 secured secure VBD 51242 494 26 the the DT 51242 494 27 validity validity NN 51242 494 28 of of IN 51242 494 29 a a DT 51242 494 30 Private Private NNP 51242 494 31 Act Act NNP 51242 494 32 of of IN 51242 494 33 Parliament Parliament NNP 51242 494 34 . . . 51242 495 1 Nothing nothing NN 51242 495 2 was be VBD 51242 495 3 said say VBN 51242 495 4 in in IN 51242 495 5 this this DT 51242 495 6 Act Act NNP 51242 495 7 about about IN 51242 495 8 the the DT 51242 495 9 consent consent NN 51242 495 10 of of IN 51242 495 11 local local JJ 51242 495 12 authorities authority NNS 51242 495 13 , , , 51242 495 14 or or CC 51242 495 15 about about IN 51242 495 16 limited limited JJ 51242 495 17 tenure tenure NN 51242 495 18 , , , 51242 495 19 or or CC 51242 495 20 about about IN 51242 495 21 expropriation expropriation NN 51242 495 22 upon upon IN 51242 495 23 scrap scrap NN 51242 495 24 - - HYPH 51242 495 25 iron iron NN 51242 495 26 terms term NNS 51242 495 27 . . . 51242 496 1 But but CC 51242 496 2 the the DT 51242 496 3 Light Light NNP 51242 496 4 Railway Railway NNP 51242 496 5 Commissioners Commissioners NNPS 51242 496 6 chose choose VBD 51242 496 7 to to TO 51242 496 8 interpret interpret VB 51242 496 9 the the DT 51242 496 10 Act Act NNP 51242 496 11 in in IN 51242 496 12 terms term NNS 51242 496 13 of of IN 51242 496 14 the the DT 51242 496 15 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 496 16 Act Act NNP 51242 496 17 , , , 51242 496 18 with with IN 51242 496 19 the the DT 51242 496 20 result result NN 51242 496 21 that that IN 51242 496 22 , , , 51242 496 23 when when WRB 51242 496 24 there there EX 51242 496 25 was be VBD 51242 496 26 any any DT 51242 496 27 opposition opposition NN 51242 496 28 on on IN 51242 496 29 the the DT 51242 496 30 part part NN 51242 496 31 of of IN 51242 496 32 local local JJ 51242 496 33 authorities authority NNS 51242 496 34 , , , 51242 496 35 the the DT 51242 496 36 tramway tramway JJ 51242 496 37 promoter promoter NN 51242 496 38 using use VBG 51242 496 39 the the DT 51242 496 40 Light Light NNP 51242 496 41 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 496 42 Act Act NNP 51242 496 43 was be VBD 51242 496 44 not not RB 51242 496 45 much much RB 51242 496 46 better well JJR 51242 496 47 off off RP 51242 496 48 than than IN 51242 496 49 before before RB 51242 496 50 . . . 51242 497 1 He -PRON- PRP 51242 497 2 had have VBD 51242 497 3 to to TO 51242 497 4 face face VB 51242 497 5 a a DT 51242 497 6 new new JJ 51242 497 7 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 497 8 in in IN 51242 497 9 a a DT 51242 497 10 clause clause NN 51242 497 11 of of IN 51242 497 12 the the DT 51242 497 13 Light Light NNP 51242 497 14 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 497 15 Act Act NNP 51242 497 16 , , , 51242 497 17 which which WDT 51242 497 18 provided provide VBD 51242 497 19 that that IN 51242 497 20 when when WRB 51242 497 21 the the DT 51242 497 22 proposed propose VBN 51242 497 23 light light JJ 51242 497 24 railway railway NN 51242 497 25 was be VBD 51242 497 26 of of IN 51242 497 27 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 497 28 magnitude magnitude NN 51242 497 29 and and CC 51242 497 30 in in IN 51242 497 31 such such PDT 51242 497 32 a a DT 51242 497 33 position position NN 51242 497 34 that that WDT 51242 497 35 it -PRON- PRP 51242 497 36 offered offer VBD 51242 497 37 competition competition NN 51242 497 38 with with IN 51242 497 39 an an DT 51242 497 40 existing exist VBG 51242 497 41 railway railway NN 51242 497 42 , , , 51242 497 43 the the DT 51242 497 44 scheme scheme NN 51242 497 45 should should MD 51242 497 46 be be VB 51242 497 47 submitted submit VBN 51242 497 48 to to IN 51242 497 49 Parliament Parliament NNP 51242 497 50 as as IN 51242 497 51 a a DT 51242 497 52 Private Private NNP 51242 497 53 Bill Bill NNP 51242 497 54 -- -- : 51242 497 55 that that DT 51242 497 56 is be VBZ 51242 497 57 to to TO 51242 497 58 say say VB 51242 497 59 , , , 51242 497 60 should should MD 51242 497 61 face face VB 51242 497 62 the the DT 51242 497 63 most most RBS 51242 497 64 costly costly JJ 51242 497 65 and and CC 51242 497 66 cumbersome cumbersome JJ 51242 497 67 procedure procedure NN 51242 497 68 of of IN 51242 497 69 all all DT 51242 497 70 . . . 51242 498 1 The the DT 51242 498 2 Light Light NNP 51242 498 3 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 498 4 Act Act NNP 51242 498 5 thus thus RB 51242 498 6 proved prove VBD 51242 498 7 a a DT 51242 498 8 great great JJ 51242 498 9 disappointment disappointment NN 51242 498 10 . . . 51242 499 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 499 2 failure failure NN 51242 499 3 to to TO 51242 499 4 afford afford VB 51242 499 5 relief relief NN 51242 499 6 seems seem VBZ 51242 499 7 to to TO 51242 499 8 have have VB 51242 499 9 taken take VBN 51242 499 10 away away RB 51242 499 11 the the DT 51242 499 12 tramway tramway JJ 51242 499 13 promoter promoter NN 51242 499 14 's 's POS 51242 499 15 last last JJ 51242 499 16 hope hope NN 51242 499 17 of of IN 51242 499 18 genuine genuine JJ 51242 499 19 legislative legislative JJ 51242 499 20 betterment betterment NN 51242 499 21 . . . 51242 500 1 He -PRON- PRP 51242 500 2 has have VBZ 51242 500 3 resigned resign VBN 51242 500 4 himself -PRON- PRP 51242 500 5 to to IN 51242 500 6 things thing NNS 51242 500 7 as as IN 51242 500 8 they -PRON- PRP 51242 500 9 are be VBP 51242 500 10 ; ; : 51242 500 11 and and CC 51242 500 12 the the DT 51242 500 13 utmost utmost NN 51242 500 14 he -PRON- PRP 51242 500 15 does do VBZ 51242 500 16 is be VBZ 51242 500 17 to to TO 51242 500 18 assert assert VB 51242 500 19 , , , 51242 500 20 when when WRB 51242 500 21 occasion occasion NN 51242 500 22 offers offer VBZ 51242 500 23 , , , 51242 500 24 that that IN 51242 500 25 there there EX 51242 500 26 are be VBP 51242 500 27 many many JJ 51242 500 28 districts district NNS 51242 500 29 which which WDT 51242 500 30 might may MD 51242 500 31 enjoy enjoy VB 51242 500 32 the the DT 51242 500 33 benefits benefit NNS 51242 500 34 of of IN 51242 500 35 electric electric JJ 51242 500 36 traction traction NN 51242 500 37 if if IN 51242 500 38 means mean NNS 51242 500 39 were be VBD 51242 500 40 provided provide VBN 51242 500 41 for for IN 51242 500 42 bringing bring VBG 51242 500 43 every every DT 51242 500 44 scheme scheme NN 51242 500 45 directly directly RB 51242 500 46 before before IN 51242 500 47 an an DT 51242 500 48 independent independent JJ 51242 500 49 tribunal tribunal NN 51242 500 50 for for IN 51242 500 51 consideration consideration NN 51242 500 52 on on IN 51242 500 53 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 500 54 merits merit NNS 51242 500 55 alone alone JJ 51242 500 56 ; ; : 51242 500 57 if if IN 51242 500 58 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 500 59 were be VBD 51242 500 60 made make VBN 51242 500 61 for for IN 51242 500 62 obtaining obtain VBG 51242 500 63 wayleaves wayleave NNS 51242 500 64 and and CC 51242 500 65 land land NN 51242 500 66 on on IN 51242 500 67 favourable favourable JJ 51242 500 68 terms term NNS 51242 500 69 , , , 51242 500 70 and and CC 51242 500 71 if if IN 51242 500 72 he -PRON- PRP 51242 500 73 were be VBD 51242 500 74 allowed allow VBN 51242 500 75 to to TO 51242 500 76 construct construct VB 51242 500 77 and and CC 51242 500 78 equip equip VB 51242 500 79 the the DT 51242 500 80 line line NN 51242 500 81 on on IN 51242 500 82 a a DT 51242 500 83 less less RBR 51242 500 84 costly costly JJ 51242 500 85 basis basis NN 51242 500 86 than than IN 51242 500 87 the the DT 51242 500 88 Board Board NNP 51242 500 89 of of IN 51242 500 90 Trade Trade NNP 51242 500 91 now now RB 51242 500 92 demands demand VBZ 51242 500 93 , , , 51242 500 94 even even RB 51242 500 95 in in IN 51242 500 96 rural rural JJ 51242 500 97 districts district NNS 51242 500 98 . . . 51242 501 1 Pending pende VBG 51242 501 2 that that DT 51242 501 3 revolution revolution NN 51242 501 4 , , , 51242 501 5 tramway tramway JJ 51242 501 6 authorities authority NNS 51242 501 7 are be VBP 51242 501 8 seeking seek VBG 51242 501 9 to to TO 51242 501 10 develop develop VB 51242 501 11 a a DT 51242 501 12 cheaper cheap JJR 51242 501 13 means mean NNS 51242 501 14 of of IN 51242 501 15 electric electric JJ 51242 501 16 traction traction NN 51242 501 17 than than IN 51242 501 18 the the DT 51242 501 19 tramway tramway NN 51242 501 20 . . . 51242 502 1 At at IN 51242 502 2 the the DT 51242 502 3 present present JJ 51242 502 4 stage stage NN 51242 502 5 , , , 51242 502 6 urban urban JJ 51242 502 7 tramways tramway NNS 51242 502 8 have have VBP 51242 502 9 spread spread VBN 51242 502 10 through through IN 51242 502 11 suburbs suburb NNS 51242 502 12 towards towards IN 51242 502 13 villages village NNS 51242 502 14 and and CC 51242 502 15 small small JJ 51242 502 16 towns town NNS 51242 502 17 which which WDT 51242 502 18 are be VBP 51242 502 19 anxious anxious JJ 51242 502 20 for for IN 51242 502 21 better well JJR 51242 502 22 transport transport NN 51242 502 23 facilities facility NNS 51242 502 24 but but CC 51242 502 25 have have VBP 51242 502 26 not not RB 51242 502 27 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 502 28 population population NN 51242 502 29 to to TO 51242 502 30 justify justify VB 51242 502 31 a a DT 51242 502 32 tramway tramway JJ 51242 502 33 extension extension NN 51242 502 34 . . . 51242 503 1 Inter inter JJ 51242 503 2 - - JJ 51242 503 3 urban urban JJ 51242 503 4 tramway tramway NN 51242 503 5 systems system NNS 51242 503 6 -- -- : 51242 503 7 those those DT 51242 503 8 connecting connect VBG 51242 503 9 towns town NNS 51242 503 10 with with IN 51242 503 11 a a DT 51242 503 12 network network NN 51242 503 13 of of IN 51242 503 14 lines line NNS 51242 503 15 -- -- : 51242 503 16 are be VBP 51242 503 17 also also RB 51242 503 18 adjacent adjacent JJ 51242 503 19 to to IN 51242 503 20 such such JJ 51242 503 21 minor minor JJ 51242 503 22 centres centre NNS 51242 503 23 of of IN 51242 503 24 traffic traffic NN 51242 503 25 . . . 51242 504 1 From from IN 51242 504 2 time time NN 51242 504 3 to to IN 51242 504 4 time time NN 51242 504 5 attempts attempt NNS 51242 504 6 have have VBP 51242 504 7 been be VBN 51242 504 8 made make VBN 51242 504 9 to to TO 51242 504 10 meet meet VB 51242 504 11 the the DT 51242 504 12 demand demand NN 51242 504 13 by by IN 51242 504 14 means mean NNS 51242 504 15 of of IN 51242 504 16 petrol petrol NN 51242 504 17 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 504 18 , , , 51242 504 19 but but CC 51242 504 20 they -PRON- PRP 51242 504 21 have have VBP 51242 504 22 rarely rarely RB 51242 504 23 been be VBN 51242 504 24 successful successful JJ 51242 504 25 -- -- : 51242 504 26 partly partly RB 51242 504 27 , , , 51242 504 28 no no RB 51242 504 29 doubt doubt RB 51242 504 30 , , , 51242 504 31 owing owe VBG 51242 504 32 to to IN 51242 504 33 the the DT 51242 504 34 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 504 35 of of IN 51242 504 36 working work VBG 51242 504 37 a a DT 51242 504 38 limited limited JJ 51242 504 39 petrol petrol NN 51242 504 40 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 504 41 service service NN 51242 504 42 economically economically RB 51242 504 43 at at IN 51242 504 44 the the DT 51242 504 45 extremities extremity NNS 51242 504 46 of of IN 51242 504 47 an an DT 51242 504 48 electric electric JJ 51242 504 49 tramway tramway JJ 51242 504 50 system system NN 51242 504 51 . . . 51242 505 1 The the DT 51242 505 2 latest late JJS 51242 505 3 solution solution NN 51242 505 4 of of IN 51242 505 5 the the DT 51242 505 6 problem problem NN 51242 505 7 is be VBZ 51242 505 8 the the DT 51242 505 9 ' ' `` 51242 505 10 trackless trackless NN 51242 505 11 trolley trolley NN 51242 505 12 ' ' '' 51242 505 13 or or CC 51242 505 14 , , , 51242 505 15 more more RBR 51242 505 16 correctly correctly RB 51242 505 17 , , , 51242 505 18 the the DT 51242 505 19 ' ' `` 51242 505 20 trolley trolley NN 51242 505 21 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 505 22 . . . 51242 505 23 ' ' '' 51242 506 1 In in IN 51242 506 2 the the DT 51242 506 3 1911 1911 CD 51242 506 4 session session NN 51242 506 5 over over IN 51242 506 6 a a DT 51242 506 7 dozen dozen NN 51242 506 8 tramway tramway JJ 51242 506 9 authorities authority NNS 51242 506 10 applied apply VBD 51242 506 11 for for IN 51242 506 12 powers power NNS 51242 506 13 to to TO 51242 506 14 use use VB 51242 506 15 this this DT 51242 506 16 device device NN 51242 506 17 ; ; : 51242 506 18 and and CC 51242 506 19 , , , 51242 506 20 if if IN 51242 506 21 the the DT 51242 506 22 financial financial JJ 51242 506 23 results result NNS 51242 506 24 of of IN 51242 506 25 the the DT 51242 506 26 first first JJ 51242 506 27 attempts attempt NNS 51242 506 28 are be VBP 51242 506 29 successful successful JJ 51242 506 30 , , , 51242 506 31 there there EX 51242 506 32 will will MD 51242 506 33 probably probably RB 51242 506 34 be be VB 51242 506 35 a a DT 51242 506 36 considerable considerable JJ 51242 506 37 growth growth NN 51242 506 38 in in IN 51242 506 39 this this DT 51242 506 40 type type NN 51242 506 41 of of IN 51242 506 42 electric electric JJ 51242 506 43 traction traction NN 51242 506 44 . . . 51242 507 1 The the DT 51242 507 2 trolley trolley NN 51242 507 3 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 507 4 is be VBZ 51242 507 5 a a DT 51242 507 6 hybrid hybrid NN 51242 507 7 between between IN 51242 507 8 the the DT 51242 507 9 trolley trolley NN 51242 507 10 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 507 11 and and CC 51242 507 12 the the DT 51242 507 13 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 507 14 . . . 51242 508 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 508 2 is be VBZ 51242 508 3 akin akin JJ 51242 508 4 to to IN 51242 508 5 the the DT 51242 508 6 first first JJ 51242 508 7 , , , 51242 508 8 because because IN 51242 508 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 508 10 derives derive VBZ 51242 508 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 508 12 power power NN 51242 508 13 from from IN 51242 508 14 an an DT 51242 508 15 overhead overhead JJ 51242 508 16 wire wire NN 51242 508 17 through through IN 51242 508 18 a a DT 51242 508 19 flexible flexible JJ 51242 508 20 trolley trolley NN 51242 508 21 pole pole NN 51242 508 22 . . . 51242 509 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 509 2 is be VBZ 51242 509 3 akin akin JJ 51242 509 4 to to IN 51242 509 5 the the DT 51242 509 6 second second JJ 51242 509 7 , , , 51242 509 8 because because IN 51242 509 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 509 10 does do VBZ 51242 509 11 not not RB 51242 509 12 run run VB 51242 509 13 on on IN 51242 509 14 rails rail NNS 51242 509 15 but but CC 51242 509 16 is be VBZ 51242 509 17 fitted fit VBN 51242 509 18 with with IN 51242 509 19 solid solid JJ 51242 509 20 rubber rubber NN 51242 509 21 tyres tyre NNS 51242 509 22 and and CC 51242 509 23 uses use VBZ 51242 509 24 the the DT 51242 509 25 surface surface NN 51242 509 26 of of IN 51242 509 27 the the DT 51242 509 28 road road NN 51242 509 29 in in IN 51242 509 30 the the DT 51242 509 31 usual usual JJ 51242 509 32 way way NN 51242 509 33 . . . 51242 510 1 Roughly roughly RB 51242 510 2 speaking speak VBG 51242 510 3 , , , 51242 510 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 510 5 electrical electrical JJ 51242 510 6 equipment equipment NN 51242 510 7 is be VBZ 51242 510 8 similar similar JJ 51242 510 9 to to IN 51242 510 10 that that DT 51242 510 11 of of IN 51242 510 12 a a DT 51242 510 13 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 510 14 . . . 51242 511 1 The the DT 51242 511 2 trolley trolley NN 51242 511 3 pole pole NN 51242 511 4 conveys convey VBZ 51242 511 5 the the DT 51242 511 6 electric electric JJ 51242 511 7 current current NN 51242 511 8 to to IN 51242 511 9 the the DT 51242 511 10 controller controller NN 51242 511 11 , , , 51242 511 12 which which WDT 51242 511 13 admits admit VBZ 51242 511 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 511 15 to to IN 51242 511 16 motors motor NNS 51242 511 17 geared gear VBN 51242 511 18 on on RP 51242 511 19 to to IN 51242 511 20 the the DT 51242 511 21 back back JJ 51242 511 22 axles axle NNS 51242 511 23 . . . 51242 512 1 There there EX 51242 512 2 are be VBP 51242 512 3 , , , 51242 512 4 however however RB 51242 512 5 , , , 51242 512 6 one one CD 51242 512 7 or or CC 51242 512 8 two two CD 51242 512 9 important important JJ 51242 512 10 differences difference NNS 51242 512 11 . . . 51242 513 1 The the DT 51242 513 2 absence absence NN 51242 513 3 of of IN 51242 513 4 a a DT 51242 513 5 rail rail NN 51242 513 6 which which WDT 51242 513 7 might may MD 51242 513 8 act act VB 51242 513 9 as as IN 51242 513 10 a a DT 51242 513 11 return return NN 51242 513 12 conductor conductor NN 51242 513 13 necessitates necessitate VBZ 51242 513 14 the the DT 51242 513 15 provision provision NN 51242 513 16 of of IN 51242 513 17 a a DT 51242 513 18 second second JJ 51242 513 19 overhead overhead JJ 51242 513 20 wire wire NN 51242 513 21 and and CC 51242 513 22 a a DT 51242 513 23 second second JJ 51242 513 24 trolley trolley NN 51242 513 25 - - HYPH 51242 513 26 pole pole NN 51242 513 27 to to TO 51242 513 28 connect connect VB 51242 513 29 with with IN 51242 513 30 it -PRON- PRP 51242 513 31 . . . 51242 514 1 Thus thus RB 51242 514 2 the the DT 51242 514 3 electrical electrical JJ 51242 514 4 circuit circuit NN 51242 514 5 is be VBZ 51242 514 6 from from IN 51242 514 7 the the DT 51242 514 8 power power NN 51242 514 9 station station NN 51242 514 10 , , , 51242 514 11 along along IN 51242 514 12 the the DT 51242 514 13 first first JJ 51242 514 14 overhead overhead JJ 51242 514 15 wire wire NN 51242 514 16 , , , 51242 514 17 down down IN 51242 514 18 the the DT 51242 514 19 first first JJ 51242 514 20 trolley trolley NN 51242 514 21 - - HYPH 51242 514 22 pole pole NN 51242 514 23 , , , 51242 514 24 through through IN 51242 514 25 the the DT 51242 514 26 controller controller NN 51242 514 27 and and CC 51242 514 28 motors motor NNS 51242 514 29 , , , 51242 514 30 up up IN 51242 514 31 the the DT 51242 514 32 second second JJ 51242 514 33 trolley trolley NN 51242 514 34 - - HYPH 51242 514 35 pole pole NN 51242 514 36 , , , 51242 514 37 and and CC 51242 514 38 back back RB 51242 514 39 by by IN 51242 514 40 the the DT 51242 514 41 second second JJ 51242 514 42 overhead overhead JJ 51242 514 43 wire wire NN 51242 514 44 to to IN 51242 514 45 the the DT 51242 514 46 power power NN 51242 514 47 station station NN 51242 514 48 . . . 51242 515 1 Owing owe VBG 51242 515 2 to to IN 51242 515 3 the the DT 51242 515 4 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 515 5 being be VBG 51242 515 6 a a DT 51242 515 7 steerable steerable JJ 51242 515 8 one one CD 51242 515 9 , , , 51242 515 10 the the DT 51242 515 11 trolley trolley NN 51242 515 12 - - HYPH 51242 515 13 poles pole NNS 51242 515 14 have have VBP 51242 515 15 to to TO 51242 515 16 be be VB 51242 515 17 specially specially RB 51242 515 18 designed design VBN 51242 515 19 to to TO 51242 515 20 give give VB 51242 515 21 plenty plenty NN 51242 515 22 of of IN 51242 515 23 free free JJ 51242 515 24 play play NN 51242 515 25 sideways sideway NNS 51242 515 26 . . . 51242 516 1 The the DT 51242 516 2 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 516 3 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 516 4 is be VBZ 51242 516 5 similar similar JJ 51242 516 6 in in IN 51242 516 7 appearance appearance NN 51242 516 8 to to IN 51242 516 9 a a DT 51242 516 10 single single JJ 51242 516 11 - - HYPH 51242 516 12 decked deck VBN 51242 516 13 motor motor NN 51242 516 14 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 516 15 , , , 51242 516 16 and and CC 51242 516 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 516 18 runs run VBZ 51242 516 19 on on IN 51242 516 20 solid solid JJ 51242 516 21 rubber rubber NN 51242 516 22 tyres tyre NNS 51242 516 23 or or CC 51242 516 24 spring spring NN 51242 516 25 wheels wheel NNS 51242 516 26 . . . 51242 517 1 The the DT 51242 517 2 first first JJ 51242 517 3 thing thing NN 51242 517 4 which which WDT 51242 517 5 strikes strike VBZ 51242 517 6 one one CD 51242 517 7 about about IN 51242 517 8 the the DT 51242 517 9 trolley trolley NN 51242 517 10 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 517 11 in in IN 51242 517 12 comparison comparison NN 51242 517 13 with with IN 51242 517 14 the the DT 51242 517 15 electric electric JJ 51242 517 16 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 517 17 is be VBZ 51242 517 18 the the DT 51242 517 19 cheapness cheapness NN 51242 517 20 in in IN 51242 517 21 first first JJ 51242 517 22 cost cost NN 51242 517 23 . . . 51242 518 1 All all PDT 51242 518 2 the the DT 51242 518 3 expense expense NN 51242 518 4 of of IN 51242 518 5 concrete concrete JJ 51242 518 6 foundations foundation NNS 51242 518 7 , , , 51242 518 8 heavy heavy JJ 51242 518 9 rails rail NNS 51242 518 10 , , , 51242 518 11 and and CC 51242 518 12 granite granite NN 51242 518 13 paving paving NN 51242 518 14 is be VBZ 51242 518 15 avoided avoid VBN 51242 518 16 . . . 51242 519 1 On on IN 51242 519 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 519 3 roads road NNS 51242 519 4 the the DT 51242 519 5 overhead overhead JJ 51242 519 6 construction construction NN 51242 519 7 is be VBZ 51242 519 8 much much RB 51242 519 9 less less RBR 51242 519 10 costly costly JJ 51242 519 11 , , , 51242 519 12 as as IN 51242 519 13 a a DT 51242 519 14 single single JJ 51242 519 15 line line NN 51242 519 16 of of IN 51242 519 17 poles pole NNS 51242 519 18 supporting support VBG 51242 519 19 two two CD 51242 519 20 wires wire NNS 51242 519 21 is be VBZ 51242 519 22 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 519 23 for for IN 51242 519 24 the the DT 51242 519 25 up up NN 51242 519 26 and and CC 51242 519 27 down down RB 51242 519 28 services service NNS 51242 519 29 . . . 51242 520 1 Estimates estimate NNS 51242 520 2 show show VBP 51242 520 3 that that IN 51242 520 4 the the DT 51242 520 5 equipment equipment NN 51242 520 6 of of IN 51242 520 7 a a DT 51242 520 8 mile mile NN 51242 520 9 of of IN 51242 520 10 roadway roadway NN 51242 520 11 on on IN 51242 520 12 this this DT 51242 520 13 system system NN 51242 520 14 will will MD 51242 520 15 cost cost VB 51242 520 16 only only RB 51242 520 17 from from IN 51242 520 18 one one CD 51242 520 19 - - HYPH 51242 520 20 fourth fourth NN 51242 520 21 to to IN 51242 520 22 one one CD 51242 520 23 - - HYPH 51242 520 24 third third NN 51242 520 25 of of IN 51242 520 26 the the DT 51242 520 27 corresponding correspond VBG 51242 520 28 tramway tramway JJ 51242 520 29 system system NN 51242 520 30 . . . 51242 521 1 Following follow VBG 51242 521 2 on on IN 51242 521 3 this this DT 51242 521 4 economy economy NN 51242 521 5 there there EX 51242 521 6 is be VBZ 51242 521 7 the the DT 51242 521 8 saving saving NN 51242 521 9 in in IN 51242 521 10 the the DT 51242 521 11 cost cost NN 51242 521 12 of of IN 51242 521 13 maintenance maintenance NN 51242 521 14 and and CC 51242 521 15 repairs repair NNS 51242 521 16 -- -- : 51242 521 17 a a DT 51242 521 18 serious serious JJ 51242 521 19 item item NN 51242 521 20 on on IN 51242 521 21 the the DT 51242 521 22 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 521 23 tramway tramway NN 51242 521 24 . . . 51242 522 1 In in IN 51242 522 2 actual actual JJ 51242 522 3 working working NN 51242 522 4 , , , 51242 522 5 the the DT 51242 522 6 system system NN 51242 522 7 has have VBZ 51242 522 8 the the DT 51242 522 9 advantage advantage NN 51242 522 10 that that WDT 51242 522 11 the the DT 51242 522 12 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 522 13 can can MD 51242 522 14 steer steer VB 51242 522 15 past past RB 51242 522 16 slow slow RB 51242 522 17 - - HYPH 51242 522 18 going go VBG 51242 522 19 traffic traffic NN 51242 522 20 , , , 51242 522 21 thus thus RB 51242 522 22 avoiding avoid VBG 51242 522 23 the the DT 51242 522 24 delay delay NN 51242 522 25 caused cause VBN 51242 522 26 on on IN 51242 522 27 tramway tramway JJ 51242 522 28 systems system NNS 51242 522 29 through through IN 51242 522 30 carts cart NNS 51242 522 31 having have VBG 51242 522 32 to to TO 51242 522 33 draw draw VB 51242 522 34 out out RP 51242 522 35 , , , 51242 522 36 away away RB 51242 522 37 from from IN 51242 522 38 the the DT 51242 522 39 track track NN 51242 522 40 , , , 51242 522 41 when when WRB 51242 522 42 overtaken overtake VBN 51242 522 43 by by IN 51242 522 44 cars car NNS 51242 522 45 . . . 51242 523 1 This this DT 51242 523 2 steering steering NN 51242 523 3 or or CC 51242 523 4 ' ' `` 51242 523 5 overtaking overtake VBG 51242 523 6 ' ' '' 51242 523 7 power power NN 51242 523 8 enables enable VBZ 51242 523 9 a a DT 51242 523 10 trolley trolley NN 51242 523 11 omnibus omnibus JJ 51242 523 12 service service NN 51242 523 13 to to TO 51242 523 14 be be VB 51242 523 15 maintained maintain VBN 51242 523 16 without without IN 51242 523 17 obstruction obstruction NN 51242 523 18 on on IN 51242 523 19 a a DT 51242 523 20 narrow narrow JJ 51242 523 21 roadway roadway NN 51242 523 22 which which WDT 51242 523 23 would would MD 51242 523 24 be be VB 51242 523 25 badly badly RB 51242 523 26 congested congest VBN 51242 523 27 by by IN 51242 523 28 tramcars tramcar NNS 51242 523 29 running run VBG 51242 523 30 on on IN 51242 523 31 a a DT 51242 523 32 rigid rigid JJ 51242 523 33 track track NN 51242 523 34 . . . 51242 524 1 When when WRB 51242 524 2 there there EX 51242 524 3 is be VBZ 51242 524 4 only only RB 51242 524 5 one one CD 51242 524 6 pair pair NN 51242 524 7 of of IN 51242 524 8 wires wire NNS 51242 524 9 , , , 51242 524 10 two two CD 51242 524 11 trolley trolley NN 51242 524 12 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 524 13 may may MD 51242 524 14 pass pass VB 51242 524 15 each each DT 51242 524 16 other other JJ 51242 524 17 ( ( -LRB- 51242 524 18 whether whether IN 51242 524 19 going go VBG 51242 524 20 in in IN 51242 524 21 the the DT 51242 524 22 same same JJ 51242 524 23 or or CC 51242 524 24 opposite opposite JJ 51242 524 25 directions direction NNS 51242 524 26 ) ) -RRB- 51242 524 27 by by IN 51242 524 28 the the DT 51242 524 29 simple simple JJ 51242 524 30 process process NN 51242 524 31 of of IN 51242 524 32 pulling pull VBG 51242 524 33 down down RP 51242 524 34 the the DT 51242 524 35 trolley trolley NN 51242 524 36 poles pole NNS 51242 524 37 of of IN 51242 524 38 one one CD 51242 524 39 car car NN 51242 524 40 and and CC 51242 524 41 swinging swinge VBG 51242 524 42 them -PRON- PRP 51242 524 43 out out IN 51242 524 44 of of IN 51242 524 45 the the DT 51242 524 46 way way NN 51242 524 47 for for IN 51242 524 48 a a DT 51242 524 49 few few JJ 51242 524 50 seconds second NNS 51242 524 51 . . . 51242 525 1 On on IN 51242 525 2 a a DT 51242 525 3 single single JJ 51242 525 4 - - HYPH 51242 525 5 line line NN 51242 525 6 tramway tramway NN 51242 525 7 it -PRON- PRP 51242 525 8 is be VBZ 51242 525 9 necessary necessary JJ 51242 525 10 to to TO 51242 525 11 provide provide VB 51242 525 12 loops loop NNS 51242 525 13 at at IN 51242 525 14 intervals interval NNS 51242 525 15 for for IN 51242 525 16 crossing cross VBG 51242 525 17 purposes purpose NNS 51242 525 18 and and CC 51242 525 19 also also RB 51242 525 20 to to TO 51242 525 21 arrange arrange VB 51242 525 22 the the DT 51242 525 23 service service NN 51242 525 24 so so IN 51242 525 25 that that IN 51242 525 26 cars car NNS 51242 525 27 arrive arrive VBP 51242 525 28 at at IN 51242 525 29 the the DT 51242 525 30 loops loop NNS 51242 525 31 simultaneously simultaneously RB 51242 525 32 . . . 51242 526 1 The the DT 51242 526 2 other other JJ 51242 526 3 side side NN 51242 526 4 of of IN 51242 526 5 the the DT 51242 526 6 picture picture NN 51242 526 7 is be VBZ 51242 526 8 shown show VBN 51242 526 9 when when WRB 51242 526 10 we -PRON- PRP 51242 526 11 come come VBP 51242 526 12 to to TO 51242 526 13 look look VB 51242 526 14 into into IN 51242 526 15 the the DT 51242 526 16 costs cost NNS 51242 526 17 of of IN 51242 526 18 working work VBG 51242 526 19 . . . 51242 527 1 No no RB 51242 527 2 matter matter RB 51242 527 3 how how WRB 51242 527 4 good good JJ 51242 527 5 the the DT 51242 527 6 road road NN 51242 527 7 surface surface NN 51242 527 8 may may MD 51242 527 9 be be VB 51242 527 10 or or CC 51242 527 11 how how WRB 51242 527 12 excellent excellent JJ 51242 527 13 the the DT 51242 527 14 design design NN 51242 527 15 of of IN 51242 527 16 the the DT 51242 527 17 wheel wheel NN 51242 527 18 , , , 51242 527 19 the the DT 51242 527 20 tractive tractive JJ 51242 527 21 effort effort NN 51242 527 22 required require VBN 51242 527 23 for for IN 51242 527 24 a a DT 51242 527 25 trolley trolley NN 51242 527 26 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 527 27 must must MD 51242 527 28 be be VB 51242 527 29 relatively relatively RB 51242 527 30 greater great JJR 51242 527 31 than than IN 51242 527 32 that that DT 51242 527 33 required require VBN 51242 527 34 for for IN 51242 527 35 a a DT 51242 527 36 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 527 37 . . . 51242 528 1 Nothing nothing NN 51242 528 2 demands demand VBZ 51242 528 3 a a DT 51242 528 4 lower low JJR 51242 528 5 tractive tractive JJ 51242 528 6 effort effort NN 51242 528 7 than than IN 51242 528 8 a a DT 51242 528 9 steel steel NN 51242 528 10 wheel wheel NN 51242 528 11 running run VBG 51242 528 12 on on IN 51242 528 13 a a DT 51242 528 14 steel steel NN 51242 528 15 rail rail NN 51242 528 16 . . . 51242 529 1 Consequently consequently RB 51242 529 2 the the DT 51242 529 3 trolley trolley NN 51242 529 4 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 529 5 takes take VBZ 51242 529 6 more more JJR 51242 529 7 power power NN 51242 529 8 per per IN 51242 529 9 ton ton NN 51242 529 10 moved move VBN 51242 529 11 than than IN 51242 529 12 the the DT 51242 529 13 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 529 14 . . . 51242 530 1 When when WRB 51242 530 2 the the DT 51242 530 3 road road NN 51242 530 4 surface surface NN 51242 530 5 is be VBZ 51242 530 6 wet wet JJ 51242 530 7 or or CC 51242 530 8 uneven uneven JJ 51242 530 9 , , , 51242 530 10 or or CC 51242 530 11 muddy muddy JJ 51242 530 12 or or CC 51242 530 13 loose loose JJ 51242 530 14 , , , 51242 530 15 this this DT 51242 530 16 difference difference NN 51242 530 17 is be VBZ 51242 530 18 of of IN 51242 530 19 course course NN 51242 530 20 multiplied multiply VBN 51242 530 21 . . . 51242 531 1 Another another DT 51242 531 2 addition addition NN 51242 531 3 to to IN 51242 531 4 the the DT 51242 531 5 working work VBG 51242 531 6 cost cost NN 51242 531 7 is be VBZ 51242 531 8 produced produce VBN 51242 531 9 by by IN 51242 531 10 the the DT 51242 531 11 tyres tyre NNS 51242 531 12 , , , 51242 531 13 which which WDT 51242 531 14 , , , 51242 531 15 if if IN 51242 531 16 of of IN 51242 531 17 rubber rubber NN 51242 531 18 , , , 51242 531 19 may may MD 51242 531 20 wear wear VB 51242 531 21 away away RP 51242 531 22 at at IN 51242 531 23 the the DT 51242 531 24 rate rate NN 51242 531 25 of of IN 51242 531 26 1 1 CD 51242 531 27 - - SYM 51242 531 28 1/2_d 1/2_d CD 51242 531 29 . . . 51242 531 30 _ _ NNP 51242 531 31 or or CC 51242 531 32 2_d 2_d CD 51242 531 33 . . . 51242 531 34 _ _ NNP 51242 531 35 per per IN 51242 531 36 mile mile NN 51242 531 37 per per IN 51242 531 38 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 531 39 . . . 51242 532 1 Owing owe VBG 51242 532 2 to to IN 51242 532 3 the the DT 51242 532 4 uniform uniform JJ 51242 532 5 control control NN 51242 532 6 of of IN 51242 532 7 speed speed NN 51242 532 8 afforded afford VBN 51242 532 9 by by IN 51242 532 10 the the DT 51242 532 11 electric electric JJ 51242 532 12 system system NN 51242 532 13 , , , 51242 532 14 there there EX 51242 532 15 is be VBZ 51242 532 16 less less RBR 51242 532 17 jerking jerk VBG 51242 532 18 at at IN 51242 532 19 starting start VBG 51242 532 20 or or CC 51242 532 21 stopping stop VBG 51242 532 22 than than IN 51242 532 23 is be VBZ 51242 532 24 general general JJ 51242 532 25 with with IN 51242 532 26 a a DT 51242 532 27 petrol petrol NN 51242 532 28 - - HYPH 51242 532 29 driven drive VBN 51242 532 30 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 532 31 ; ; : 51242 532 32 but but CC 51242 532 33 in in IN 51242 532 34 spite spite NN 51242 532 35 of of IN 51242 532 36 that that DT 51242 532 37 advantage advantage NN 51242 532 38 , , , 51242 532 39 tyre tyre NNP 51242 532 40 wear wear VBP 51242 532 41 on on IN 51242 532 42 a a DT 51242 532 43 trolley trolley NN 51242 532 44 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 532 45 must must MD 51242 532 46 remain remain VB 51242 532 47 an an DT 51242 532 48 important important JJ 51242 532 49 item item NN 51242 532 50 . . . 51242 533 1 Something something NN 51242 533 2 must must MD 51242 533 3 also also RB 51242 533 4 be be VB 51242 533 5 allowed allow VBN 51242 533 6 for for IN 51242 533 7 the the DT 51242 533 8 effect effect NN 51242 533 9 of of IN 51242 533 10 vibration vibration NN 51242 533 11 upon upon IN 51242 533 12 the the DT 51242 533 13 car car NN 51242 533 14 body body NN 51242 533 15 and and CC 51242 533 16 electrical electrical JJ 51242 533 17 equipment equipment NN 51242 533 18 -- -- : 51242 533 19 an an DT 51242 533 20 effect effect NN 51242 533 21 which which WDT 51242 533 22 is be VBZ 51242 533 23 of of IN 51242 533 24 course course NN 51242 533 25 much much RB 51242 533 26 less less RBR 51242 533 27 pronounced pronounced JJ 51242 533 28 when when WRB 51242 533 29 a a DT 51242 533 30 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 533 31 runs run VBZ 51242 533 32 on on IN 51242 533 33 rails rail NNS 51242 533 34 . . . 51242 534 1 The the DT 51242 534 2 balance balance NN 51242 534 3 between between IN 51242 534 4 these these DT 51242 534 5 advantages advantage NNS 51242 534 6 and and CC 51242 534 7 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 51242 534 8 is be VBZ 51242 534 9 not not RB 51242 534 10 easy easy JJ 51242 534 11 to to TO 51242 534 12 strike strike VB 51242 534 13 , , , 51242 534 14 even even RB 51242 534 15 on on IN 51242 534 16 a a DT 51242 534 17 general general JJ 51242 534 18 basis basis NN 51242 534 19 . . . 51242 535 1 And and CC 51242 535 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 535 3 varies vary VBZ 51242 535 4 so so RB 51242 535 5 much much JJ 51242 535 6 under under IN 51242 535 7 local local JJ 51242 535 8 conditions condition NNS 51242 535 9 that that WDT 51242 535 10 tramway tramway VBP 51242 535 11 engineers engineer NNS 51242 535 12 debated debate VBD 51242 535 13 a a DT 51242 535 14 long long JJ 51242 535 15 time time NN 51242 535 16 before before IN 51242 535 17 they -PRON- PRP 51242 535 18 decided decide VBD 51242 535 19 in in IN 51242 535 20 certain certain JJ 51242 535 21 cases case NNS 51242 535 22 to to TO 51242 535 23 try try VB 51242 535 24 the the DT 51242 535 25 trolley trolley NN 51242 535 26 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 535 27 in in IN 51242 535 28 extending extend VBG 51242 535 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 535 30 traffic traffic NN 51242 535 31 facilities facility NNS 51242 535 32 . . . 51242 536 1 All all DT 51242 536 2 they -PRON- PRP 51242 536 3 had have VBD 51242 536 4 to to TO 51242 536 5 go go VB 51242 536 6 upon upon IN 51242 536 7 was be VBD 51242 536 8 the the DT 51242 536 9 experience experience NN 51242 536 10 gained gain VBN 51242 536 11 on on IN 51242 536 12 certain certain JJ 51242 536 13 Continental continental JJ 51242 536 14 routes route NNS 51242 536 15 , , , 51242 536 16 where where WRB 51242 536 17 trolley trolley NN 51242 536 18 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 536 19 have have VBP 51242 536 20 been be VBN 51242 536 21 running run VBG 51242 536 22 for for IN 51242 536 23 several several JJ 51242 536 24 years year NNS 51242 536 25 . . . 51242 537 1 That that DT 51242 537 2 experience experience NN 51242 537 3 encouraged encourage VBD 51242 537 4 the the DT 51242 537 5 hope hope NN 51242 537 6 that that IN 51242 537 7 trolley trolley NN 51242 537 8 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 537 9 might may MD 51242 537 10 be be VB 51242 537 11 a a DT 51242 537 12 profitable profitable JJ 51242 537 13 means mean NNS 51242 537 14 of of IN 51242 537 15 developing develop VBG 51242 537 16 traffic traffic NN 51242 537 17 in in IN 51242 537 18 conjunction conjunction NN 51242 537 19 with with IN 51242 537 20 a a DT 51242 537 21 tramway tramway JJ 51242 537 22 system system NN 51242 537 23 , , , 51242 537 24 and and CC 51242 537 25 along along IN 51242 537 26 routes route NNS 51242 537 27 which which WDT 51242 537 28 would would MD 51242 537 29 not not RB 51242 537 30 provide provide VB 51242 537 31 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 537 32 business business NN 51242 537 33 for for IN 51242 537 34 a a DT 51242 537 35 regular regular JJ 51242 537 36 tramway tramway NN 51242 537 37 . . . 51242 538 1 The the DT 51242 538 2 simultaneous simultaneous JJ 51242 538 3 adoption adoption NN 51242 538 4 of of IN 51242 538 5 the the DT 51242 538 6 trolley trolley NN 51242 538 7 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 538 8 on on IN 51242 538 9 a a DT 51242 538 10 number number NN 51242 538 11 of of IN 51242 538 12 tramway tramway NN 51242 538 13 ' ' `` 51242 538 14 feeders feeder NNS 51242 538 15 ' ' '' 51242 538 16 gave give VBD 51242 538 17 rise rise NN 51242 538 18 to to IN 51242 538 19 an an DT 51242 538 20 impression impression NN 51242 538 21 that that IN 51242 538 22 tramway tramway JJ 51242 538 23 authorities authority NNS 51242 538 24 had have VBD 51242 538 25 discovered discover VBN 51242 538 26 the the DT 51242 538 27 wheel wheel NN 51242 538 28 - - HYPH 51242 538 29 on on IN 51242 538 30 - - HYPH 51242 538 31 rail rail NN 51242 538 32 system system NN 51242 538 33 to to TO 51242 538 34 be be VB 51242 538 35 less less RBR 51242 538 36 efficient efficient JJ 51242 538 37 than than IN 51242 538 38 the the DT 51242 538 39 tyre tyre NN 51242 538 40 - - HYPH 51242 538 41 on on IN 51242 538 42 - - HYPH 51242 538 43 road road NN 51242 538 44 system system NN 51242 538 45 . . . 51242 539 1 As as IN 51242 539 2 a a DT 51242 539 3 general general JJ 51242 539 4 proposition proposition NN 51242 539 5 , , , 51242 539 6 nothing nothing NN 51242 539 7 could could MD 51242 539 8 be be VB 51242 539 9 further further JJ 51242 539 10 from from IN 51242 539 11 the the DT 51242 539 12 truth truth NN 51242 539 13 . . . 51242 540 1 Tramway tramway JJ 51242 540 2 authorities authority NNS 51242 540 3 have have VBP 51242 540 4 adopted adopt VBN 51242 540 5 the the DT 51242 540 6 new new JJ 51242 540 7 system system NN 51242 540 8 in in IN 51242 540 9 certain certain JJ 51242 540 10 cases case NNS 51242 540 11 where where WRB 51242 540 12 the the DT 51242 540 13 possible possible JJ 51242 540 14 traffic traffic NN 51242 540 15 is be VBZ 51242 540 16 comparatively comparatively RB 51242 540 17 small small JJ 51242 540 18 , , , 51242 540 19 not not RB 51242 540 20 as as IN 51242 540 21 a a DT 51242 540 22 substitute substitute NN 51242 540 23 for for IN 51242 540 24 tramways tramway NNS 51242 540 25 , , , 51242 540 26 but but CC 51242 540 27 as as IN 51242 540 28 an an DT 51242 540 29 alternative alternative NN 51242 540 30 to to IN 51242 540 31 self self NN 51242 540 32 - - HYPH 51242 540 33 propelled propel VBN 51242 540 34 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 540 35 . . . 51242 541 1 The the DT 51242 541 2 carrying carrying NN 51242 541 3 capacity capacity NN 51242 541 4 of of IN 51242 541 5 a a DT 51242 541 6 trolley trolley NN 51242 541 7 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 541 8 is be VBZ 51242 541 9 about about RB 51242 541 10 twenty twenty CD 51242 541 11 , , , 51242 541 12 while while IN 51242 541 13 that that DT 51242 541 14 of of IN 51242 541 15 a a DT 51242 541 16 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 541 17 is be VBZ 51242 541 18 frequently frequently RB 51242 541 19 as as RB 51242 541 20 high high JJ 51242 541 21 as as IN 51242 541 22 seventy seventy CD 51242 541 23 . . . 51242 542 1 The the DT 51242 542 2 speed speed NN 51242 542 3 of of IN 51242 542 4 a a DT 51242 542 5 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 542 6 runs run VBZ 51242 542 7 up up IN 51242 542 8 to to TO 51242 542 9 twenty twenty CD 51242 542 10 miles mile NNS 51242 542 11 an an DT 51242 542 12 hour hour NN 51242 542 13 , , , 51242 542 14 while while IN 51242 542 15 twelve twelve CD 51242 542 16 miles mile NNS 51242 542 17 an an DT 51242 542 18 hour hour NN 51242 542 19 is be VBZ 51242 542 20 as as RB 51242 542 21 much much JJ 51242 542 22 as as IN 51242 542 23 is be VBZ 51242 542 24 comfortable comfortable JJ 51242 542 25 ( ( -LRB- 51242 542 26 to to TO 51242 542 27 say say VB 51242 542 28 the the DT 51242 542 29 least least JJS 51242 542 30 ) ) -RRB- 51242 542 31 with with IN 51242 542 32 a a DT 51242 542 33 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 542 34 running run VBG 51242 542 35 with with IN 51242 542 36 solid solid JJ 51242 542 37 tyres tyre NNS 51242 542 38 on on IN 51242 542 39 an an DT 51242 542 40 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 542 41 road road NN 51242 542 42 . . . 51242 543 1 Therefore therefore RB 51242 543 2 , , , 51242 543 3 where where WRB 51242 543 4 large large JJ 51242 543 5 volumes volume NNS 51242 543 6 of of IN 51242 543 7 traffic traffic NN 51242 543 8 have have VBP 51242 543 9 to to TO 51242 543 10 be be VB 51242 543 11 handled handle VBN 51242 543 12 swiftly swiftly RB 51242 543 13 , , , 51242 543 14 the the DT 51242 543 15 tramway tramway NN 51242 543 16 will will MD 51242 543 17 remain remain VB 51242 543 18 . . . 51242 544 1 But but CC 51242 544 2 where where WRB 51242 544 3 a a DT 51242 544 4 twenty twenty CD 51242 544 5 - - HYPH 51242 544 6 minute minute NN 51242 544 7 or or CC 51242 544 8 half half RB 51242 544 9 - - HYPH 51242 544 10 hourly hourly JJ 51242 544 11 service service NN 51242 544 12 of of IN 51242 544 13 small small JJ 51242 544 14 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 544 15 is be VBZ 51242 544 16 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 544 17 for for IN 51242 544 18 the the DT 51242 544 19 available available JJ 51242 544 20 passengers passenger NNS 51242 544 21 , , , 51242 544 22 a a DT 51242 544 23 system system NN 51242 544 24 which which WDT 51242 544 25 is be VBZ 51242 544 26 much much RB 51242 544 27 cheaper cheap JJR 51242 544 28 in in IN 51242 544 29 first first JJ 51242 544 30 cost cost NN 51242 544 31 is be VBZ 51242 544 32 clearly clearly RB 51242 544 33 more more RBR 51242 544 34 suitable suitable JJ 51242 544 35 , , , 51242 544 36 even even RB 51242 544 37 though though IN 51242 544 38 it -PRON- PRP 51242 544 39 may may MD 51242 544 40 not not RB 51242 544 41 reach reach VB 51242 544 42 the the DT 51242 544 43 standard standard NN 51242 544 44 of of IN 51242 544 45 economy economy NN 51242 544 46 in in IN 51242 544 47 working work VBG 51242 544 48 set set VBN 51242 544 49 by by IN 51242 544 50 the the DT 51242 544 51 large large JJ 51242 544 52 urban urban JJ 51242 544 53 tramway tramway NN 51242 544 54 . . . 51242 545 1 That that DT 51242 545 2 is be VBZ 51242 545 3 to to TO 51242 545 4 say say VB 51242 545 5 , , , 51242 545 6 the the DT 51242 545 7 choice choice NN 51242 545 8 between between IN 51242 545 9 the the DT 51242 545 10 two two CD 51242 545 11 systems system NNS 51242 545 12 depends depend VBZ 51242 545 13 entirely entirely RB 51242 545 14 upon upon IN 51242 545 15 local local JJ 51242 545 16 circumstances circumstance NNS 51242 545 17 . . . 51242 546 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 546 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 546 3 : : : 51242 546 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 546 5 . . . 51242 547 1 7 7 LS 51242 547 2 . . . 51242 548 1 The the DT 51242 548 2 ' ' `` 51242 548 3 auto auto NN 51242 548 4 - - HYPH 51242 548 5 trolley trolley NN 51242 548 6 ' ' '' 51242 548 7 system system NN 51242 548 8 of of IN 51242 548 9 electric electric JJ 51242 548 10 traction traction NN 51242 548 11 applied apply VBN 51242 548 12 to to IN 51242 548 13 the the DT 51242 548 14 haulage haulage NN 51242 548 15 of of IN 51242 548 16 goods good NNS 51242 548 17 in in IN 51242 548 18 a a DT 51242 548 19 German german JJ 51242 548 20 quarry quarry NN 51242 548 21 . . . 51242 549 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 549 2 From from IN 51242 549 3 _ _ NNP 51242 549 4 Electrical Electrical NNP 51242 549 5 Industries Industries NNPS 51242 549 6 _ _ NNP 51242 549 7 . . . 51242 549 8 ) ) -RRB- 51242 549 9 ] ] -RRB- 51242 550 1 As as IN 51242 550 2 an an DT 51242 550 3 emphasis emphasis NN 51242 550 4 upon upon IN 51242 550 5 this this DT 51242 550 6 statement statement NN 51242 550 7 , , , 51242 550 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 550 9 is be VBZ 51242 550 10 significant significant JJ 51242 550 11 that that IN 51242 550 12 many many JJ 51242 550 13 tramway tramway JJ 51242 550 14 engineers engineer NNS 51242 550 15 regard regard VBP 51242 550 16 the the DT 51242 550 17 trolley trolley NN 51242 550 18 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 550 19 merely merely RB 51242 550 20 as as IN 51242 550 21 the the DT 51242 550 22 forerunner forerunner NN 51242 550 23 of of IN 51242 550 24 a a DT 51242 550 25 tramway tramway NN 51242 550 26 . . . 51242 551 1 For for IN 51242 551 2 this this DT 51242 551 3 reason reason NN 51242 551 4 they -PRON- PRP 51242 551 5 favour favour VBP 51242 551 6 the the DT 51242 551 7 adoption adoption NN 51242 551 8 of of IN 51242 551 9 the the DT 51242 551 10 particular particular JJ 51242 551 11 trolley trolley NN 51242 551 12 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 551 13 system system NN 51242 551 14 where where WRB 51242 551 15 the the DT 51242 551 16 overhead overhead JJ 51242 551 17 equipment equipment NN 51242 551 18 is be VBZ 51242 551 19 adaptable adaptable JJ 51242 551 20 with with IN 51242 551 21 trifling trifle VBG 51242 551 22 changes change NNS 51242 551 23 to to IN 51242 551 24 tramway tramway JJ 51242 551 25 purposes purpose NNS 51242 551 26 . . . 51242 552 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 552 2 argue argue VBP 51242 552 3 that that IN 51242 552 4 , , , 51242 552 5 in in IN 51242 552 6 the the DT 51242 552 7 case case NN 51242 552 8 of of IN 51242 552 9 a a DT 51242 552 10 village village NN 51242 552 11 of of IN 51242 552 12 a a DT 51242 552 13 few few JJ 51242 552 14 thousand thousand CD 51242 552 15 inhabitants inhabitant NNS 51242 552 16 , , , 51242 552 17 situated situate VBD 51242 552 18 a a DT 51242 552 19 mile mile NN 51242 552 20 or or CC 51242 552 21 so so RB 51242 552 22 beyond beyond IN 51242 552 23 the the DT 51242 552 24 terminus terminus NN 51242 552 25 of of IN 51242 552 26 a a DT 51242 552 27 tramway tramway JJ 51242 552 28 route route NN 51242 552 29 , , , 51242 552 30 a a DT 51242 552 31 trolley trolley NN 51242 552 32 omnibus omnibus JJ 51242 552 33 service service NN 51242 552 34 will will MD 51242 552 35 not not RB 51242 552 36 only only RB 51242 552 37 be be VB 51242 552 38 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 552 39 for for IN 51242 552 40 the the DT 51242 552 41 existing exist VBG 51242 552 42 traffic traffic NN 51242 552 43 , , , 51242 552 44 but but CC 51242 552 45 will will MD 51242 552 46 show show VB 51242 552 47 whether whether IN 51242 552 48 the the DT 51242 552 49 traffic traffic NN 51242 552 50 is be VBZ 51242 552 51 likely likely JJ 51242 552 52 to to TO 51242 552 53 increase increase VB 51242 552 54 ( ( -LRB- 51242 552 55 through through IN 51242 552 56 the the DT 51242 552 57 stimulation stimulation NN 51242 552 58 of of IN 51242 552 59 building build VBG 51242 552 60 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 552 61 ) ) -RRB- 51242 552 62 up up IN 51242 552 63 to to IN 51242 552 64 the the DT 51242 552 65 point point NN 51242 552 66 where where WRB 51242 552 67 it -PRON- PRP 51242 552 68 would would MD 51242 552 69 make make VB 51242 552 70 the the DT 51242 552 71 laying laying NN 51242 552 72 of of IN 51242 552 73 rails rail NNS 51242 552 74 worth worth JJ 51242 552 75 while while IN 51242 552 76 . . . 51242 553 1 When when WRB 51242 553 2 that that DT 51242 553 3 point point NN 51242 553 4 is be VBZ 51242 553 5 reached reach VBN 51242 553 6 , , , 51242 553 7 the the DT 51242 553 8 rails rail NNS 51242 553 9 will will MD 51242 553 10 be be VB 51242 553 11 laid lay VBN 51242 553 12 and and CC 51242 553 13 the the DT 51242 553 14 trolley trolley NN 51242 553 15 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 553 16 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 553 17 put put VBN 51242 553 18 on on IN 51242 553 19 some some DT 51242 553 20 other other JJ 51242 553 21 route route NN 51242 553 22 which which WDT 51242 553 23 is be VBZ 51242 553 24 at at IN 51242 553 25 one one CD 51242 553 26 and and CC 51242 553 27 the the DT 51242 553 28 same same JJ 51242 553 29 time time NN 51242 553 30 a a DT 51242 553 31 tramway tramway NN 51242 553 32 ' ' `` 51242 553 33 feeder feeder NN 51242 553 34 ' ' '' 51242 553 35 and and CC 51242 553 36 a a DT 51242 553 37 tramway tramway JJ 51242 553 38 ' ' `` 51242 553 39 feeler feeler NN 51242 553 40 . . . 51242 553 41 ' ' '' 51242 554 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 51242 554 2 IX IX NNP 51242 554 3 REGENERATIVE REGENERATIVE NNP 51242 554 4 CONTROL control NN 51242 554 5 Before before IN 51242 554 6 going go VBG 51242 554 7 on on RP 51242 554 8 to to TO 51242 554 9 discuss discuss VB 51242 554 10 the the DT 51242 554 11 ' ' `` 51242 554 12 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 554 13 ' ' '' 51242 554 14 or or CC 51242 554 15 ' ' `` 51242 554 16 storage storage NN 51242 554 17 battery battery NN 51242 554 18 ' ' '' 51242 554 19 system system NN 51242 554 20 of of IN 51242 554 21 electric electric JJ 51242 554 22 traction traction NN 51242 554 23 , , , 51242 554 24 reference reference NN 51242 554 25 should should MD 51242 554 26 be be VB 51242 554 27 made make VBN 51242 554 28 to to IN 51242 554 29 an an DT 51242 554 30 invention invention NN 51242 554 31 which which WDT 51242 554 32 holds hold VBZ 51242 554 33 the the DT 51242 554 34 germ germ NN 51242 554 35 of of IN 51242 554 36 great great JJ 51242 554 37 economies economy NNS 51242 554 38 in in IN 51242 554 39 electric electric JJ 51242 554 40 traction traction NN 51242 554 41 . . . 51242 555 1 This this DT 51242 555 2 invention invention NN 51242 555 3 is be VBZ 51242 555 4 known know VBN 51242 555 5 under under IN 51242 555 6 the the DT 51242 555 7 name name NN 51242 555 8 of of IN 51242 555 9 ' ' `` 51242 555 10 regenerative regenerative JJ 51242 555 11 control control NN 51242 555 12 . . . 51242 555 13 ' ' '' 51242 556 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 556 2 has have VBZ 51242 556 3 already already RB 51242 556 4 been be VBN 51242 556 5 explained explain VBN 51242 556 6 that that IN 51242 556 7 the the DT 51242 556 8 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 556 9 is be VBZ 51242 556 10 reversible reversible JJ 51242 556 11 -- -- : 51242 556 12 that that DT 51242 556 13 is be VBZ 51242 556 14 to to TO 51242 556 15 say say VB 51242 556 16 , , , 51242 556 17 a a DT 51242 556 18 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 556 19 may may MD 51242 556 20 act act VB 51242 556 21 as as IN 51242 556 22 a a DT 51242 556 23 motor motor NN 51242 556 24 , , , 51242 556 25 or or CC 51242 556 26 a a DT 51242 556 27 motor motor NN 51242 556 28 as as IN 51242 556 29 a a DT 51242 556 30 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 556 31 . . . 51242 557 1 This this DT 51242 557 2 fact fact NN 51242 557 3 is be VBZ 51242 557 4 usefully usefully RB 51242 557 5 applied apply VBN 51242 557 6 in in IN 51242 557 7 braking brake VBG 51242 557 8 tramcars tramcar NNS 51242 557 9 . . . 51242 558 1 When when WRB 51242 558 2 a a DT 51242 558 3 car car NN 51242 558 4 has have VBZ 51242 558 5 gained gain VBN 51242 558 6 speed speed NN 51242 558 7 , , , 51242 558 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 558 9 momentum momentum NN 51242 558 10 represents represent VBZ 51242 558 11 a a DT 51242 558 12 certain certain JJ 51242 558 13 amount amount NN 51242 558 14 of of IN 51242 558 15 stored stored JJ 51242 558 16 energy energy NN 51242 558 17 . . . 51242 559 1 In in IN 51242 559 2 stopping stop VBG 51242 559 3 the the DT 51242 559 4 car car NN 51242 559 5 , , , 51242 559 6 this this DT 51242 559 7 energy energy NN 51242 559 8 has have VBZ 51242 559 9 to to TO 51242 559 10 be be VB 51242 559 11 absorbed absorb VBN 51242 559 12 or or CC 51242 559 13 dissipated dissipate VBN 51242 559 14 in in IN 51242 559 15 some some DT 51242 559 16 way way NN 51242 559 17 or or CC 51242 559 18 other other JJ 51242 559 19 . . . 51242 560 1 One one CD 51242 560 2 method method NN 51242 560 3 is be VBZ 51242 560 4 to to TO 51242 560 5 utilise utilise VB 51242 560 6 the the DT 51242 560 7 friction friction NN 51242 560 8 of of IN 51242 560 9 brake brake NN 51242 560 10 blocks block NNS 51242 560 11 on on IN 51242 560 12 the the DT 51242 560 13 wheels wheel NNS 51242 560 14 , , , 51242 560 15 or or CC 51242 560 16 of of IN 51242 560 17 skids skid NNS 51242 560 18 on on IN 51242 560 19 the the DT 51242 560 20 rails rail NNS 51242 560 21 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 560 22 . . . 51242 561 1 With with IN 51242 561 2 the the DT 51242 561 3 electric electric JJ 51242 561 4 car car NN 51242 561 5 , , , 51242 561 6 however however RB 51242 561 7 , , , 51242 561 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 561 9 is be VBZ 51242 561 10 possible possible JJ 51242 561 11 to to TO 51242 561 12 absorb absorb VB 51242 561 13 the the DT 51242 561 14 energy energy NN 51242 561 15 by by IN 51242 561 16 making make VBG 51242 561 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 561 18 drive drive VB 51242 561 19 the the DT 51242 561 20 motors motor NNS 51242 561 21 as as IN 51242 561 22 if if IN 51242 561 23 they -PRON- PRP 51242 561 24 were be VBD 51242 561 25 dynamos dynamo NNS 51242 561 26 . . . 51242 562 1 The the DT 51242 562 2 moving move VBG 51242 562 3 car car NN 51242 562 4 drives drive VBZ 51242 562 5 the the DT 51242 562 6 wheels wheel NNS 51242 562 7 , , , 51242 562 8 which which WDT 51242 562 9 in in IN 51242 562 10 turn turn NN 51242 562 11 drive drive VBP 51242 562 12 the the DT 51242 562 13 motors motor NNS 51242 562 14 ; ; : 51242 562 15 and and CC 51242 562 16 the the DT 51242 562 17 current current NN 51242 562 18 so so RB 51242 562 19 generated generate VBN 51242 562 20 may may MD 51242 562 21 either either CC 51242 562 22 be be VB 51242 562 23 absorbed absorb VBN 51242 562 24 in in IN 51242 562 25 electrical electrical JJ 51242 562 26 ' ' `` 51242 562 27 resistances resistance NNS 51242 562 28 ' ' '' 51242 562 29 or or CC 51242 562 30 led lead VBD 51242 562 31 to to IN 51242 562 32 electro electro NNP 51242 562 33 - - HYPH 51242 562 34 magnets magnet NNS 51242 562 35 which which WDT 51242 562 36 are be VBP 51242 562 37 so so RB 51242 562 38 placed placed JJ 51242 562 39 that that IN 51242 562 40 they -PRON- PRP 51242 562 41 exercise exercise VBP 51242 562 42 a a DT 51242 562 43 retarding retarding NN 51242 562 44 pull pull NN 51242 562 45 on on IN 51242 562 46 the the DT 51242 562 47 rails rail NNS 51242 562 48 . . . 51242 563 1 In in IN 51242 563 2 any any DT 51242 563 3 of of IN 51242 563 4 these these DT 51242 563 5 cases case NNS 51242 563 6 a a DT 51242 563 7 car car NN 51242 563 8 which which WDT 51242 563 9 is be VBZ 51242 563 10 being be VBG 51242 563 11 stopped stop VBN 51242 563 12 , , , 51242 563 13 or or CC 51242 563 14 is be VBZ 51242 563 15 being be VBG 51242 563 16 ' ' '' 51242 563 17 held hold VBN 51242 563 18 back back RB 51242 563 19 ' ' '' 51242 563 20 by by IN 51242 563 21 the the DT 51242 563 22 brakes brake NNS 51242 563 23 when when WRB 51242 563 24 going go VBG 51242 563 25 down down RB 51242 563 26 - - HYPH 51242 563 27 hill hill NN 51242 563 28 , , , 51242 563 29 is be VBZ 51242 563 30 wasting waste VBG 51242 563 31 power power NN 51242 563 32 . . . 51242 564 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 564 2 is be VBZ 51242 564 3 clear clear JJ 51242 564 4 , , , 51242 564 5 therefore therefore RB 51242 564 6 , , , 51242 564 7 that that IN 51242 564 8 a a DT 51242 564 9 great great JJ 51242 564 10 deal deal NN 51242 564 11 of of IN 51242 564 12 power power NN 51242 564 13 could could MD 51242 564 14 be be VB 51242 564 15 saved save VBN 51242 564 16 if if IN 51242 564 17 the the DT 51242 564 18 current current NN 51242 564 19 generated generate VBN 51242 564 20 by by IN 51242 564 21 the the DT 51242 564 22 motors motor NNS 51242 564 23 in in IN 51242 564 24 retarding retard VBG 51242 564 25 could could MD 51242 564 26 be be VB 51242 564 27 pumped pump VBN 51242 564 28 back back RP 51242 564 29 , , , 51242 564 30 as as IN 51242 564 31 it -PRON- PRP 51242 564 32 were be VBD 51242 564 33 , , , 51242 564 34 into into IN 51242 564 35 the the DT 51242 564 36 electrical electrical JJ 51242 564 37 circuit circuit NN 51242 564 38 . . . 51242 565 1 This this DT 51242 565 2 is be VBZ 51242 565 3 the the DT 51242 565 4 problem problem NN 51242 565 5 of of IN 51242 565 6 ' ' `` 51242 565 7 regeneration regeneration NN 51242 565 8 ' ' '' 51242 565 9 which which WDT 51242 565 10 has have VBZ 51242 565 11 fascinated fascinate VBN 51242 565 12 many many JJ 51242 565 13 electrical electrical JJ 51242 565 14 engineers engineer NNS 51242 565 15 . . . 51242 566 1 The the DT 51242 566 2 practical practical JJ 51242 566 3 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 566 4 underlying underlie VBG 51242 566 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 566 6 are be VBP 51242 566 7 very very RB 51242 566 8 great great JJ 51242 566 9 ; ; : 51242 566 10 and and CC 51242 566 11 perhaps perhaps RB 51242 566 12 the the DT 51242 566 13 only only JJ 51242 566 14 man man NN 51242 566 15 to to TO 51242 566 16 get get VB 51242 566 17 within within IN 51242 566 18 measurable measurable JJ 51242 566 19 distance distance NN 51242 566 20 of of IN 51242 566 21 surmounting surmount VBG 51242 566 22 them -PRON- PRP 51242 566 23 was be VBD 51242 566 24 Mr Mr NNP 51242 566 25 J. J. NNP 51242 566 26 S. S. NNP 51242 566 27 Raworth Raworth NNP 51242 566 28 , , , 51242 566 29 whose whose WP$ 51242 566 30 system system NN 51242 566 31 of of IN 51242 566 32 regenerative regenerative JJ 51242 566 33 control control NN 51242 566 34 was be VBD 51242 566 35 tried try VBN 51242 566 36 on on IN 51242 566 37 a a DT 51242 566 38 number number NN 51242 566 39 of of IN 51242 566 40 tramway tramway JJ 51242 566 41 systems system NNS 51242 566 42 and and CC 51242 566 43 installed instal VBN 51242 566 44 on on IN 51242 566 45 the the DT 51242 566 46 Rawstenstall Rawstenstall NNP 51242 566 47 tramways tramway NNS 51242 566 48 in in IN 51242 566 49 1909 1909 CD 51242 566 50 . . . 51242 567 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 567 2 can can MD 51242 567 3 not not RB 51242 567 4 be be VB 51242 567 5 said say VBN 51242 567 6 with with IN 51242 567 7 confidence confidence NN 51242 567 8 that that IN 51242 567 9 all all PDT 51242 567 10 the the DT 51242 567 11 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 567 12 have have VBP 51242 567 13 been be VBN 51242 567 14 overcome overcome VBN 51242 567 15 ; ; : 51242 567 16 on on IN 51242 567 17 the the DT 51242 567 18 other other JJ 51242 567 19 hand hand NN 51242 567 20 , , , 51242 567 21 it -PRON- PRP 51242 567 22 would would MD 51242 567 23 be be VB 51242 567 24 rash rash JJ 51242 567 25 to to TO 51242 567 26 say say VB 51242 567 27 that that IN 51242 567 28 they -PRON- PRP 51242 567 29 are be VBP 51242 567 30 insurmountable insurmountable JJ 51242 567 31 . . . 51242 568 1 Mr Mr NNP 51242 568 2 Raworth Raworth NNP 51242 568 3 , , , 51242 568 4 at at IN 51242 568 5 any any DT 51242 568 6 rate rate NN 51242 568 7 , , , 51242 568 8 retains retain VBZ 51242 568 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 568 10 faith faith NN 51242 568 11 in in IN 51242 568 12 ultimate ultimate JJ 51242 568 13 victory victory NN 51242 568 14 ; ; : 51242 568 15 and and CC 51242 568 16 the the DT 51242 568 17 theoretical theoretical JJ 51242 568 18 beauty beauty NN 51242 568 19 of of IN 51242 568 20 the the DT 51242 568 21 system system NN 51242 568 22 is be VBZ 51242 568 23 so so RB 51242 568 24 complete complete JJ 51242 568 25 that that IN 51242 568 26 it -PRON- PRP 51242 568 27 is be VBZ 51242 568 28 bound bind VBN 51242 568 29 to to TO 51242 568 30 retain retain VB 51242 568 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 568 32 fascination fascination NN 51242 568 33 . . . 51242 569 1 The the DT 51242 569 2 practical practical JJ 51242 569 3 result result NN 51242 569 4 of of IN 51242 569 5 regeneration regeneration NN 51242 569 6 is be VBZ 51242 569 7 to to TO 51242 569 8 eliminate eliminate VB 51242 569 9 the the DT 51242 569 10 effect effect NN 51242 569 11 of of IN 51242 569 12 hills hill NNS 51242 569 13 . . . 51242 570 1 A a DT 51242 570 2 regenerative regenerative JJ 51242 570 3 car car NN 51242 570 4 in in IN 51242 570 5 descending descend VBG 51242 570 6 a a DT 51242 570 7 hill hill NN 51242 570 8 gives give VBZ 51242 570 9 back back RB 51242 570 10 to to IN 51242 570 11 the the DT 51242 570 12 generating generating NN 51242 570 13 station station NN 51242 570 14 some some DT 51242 570 15 of of IN 51242 570 16 the the DT 51242 570 17 excess excess JJ 51242 570 18 energy energy NN 51242 570 19 required require VBN 51242 570 20 to to TO 51242 570 21 take take VB 51242 570 22 it -PRON- PRP 51242 570 23 up up IN 51242 570 24 the the DT 51242 570 25 hill hill NN 51242 570 26 . . . 51242 571 1 In in IN 51242 571 2 the the DT 51242 571 3 same same JJ 51242 571 4 way way NN 51242 571 5 each each DT 51242 571 6 car car NN 51242 571 7 , , , 51242 571 8 in in IN 51242 571 9 coming come VBG 51242 571 10 to to IN 51242 571 11 a a DT 51242 571 12 standstill standstill NN 51242 571 13 , , , 51242 571 14 gives give VBZ 51242 571 15 back back RP 51242 571 16 a a DT 51242 571 17 portion portion NN 51242 571 18 of of IN 51242 571 19 the the DT 51242 571 20 energy energy NN 51242 571 21 required require VBN 51242 571 22 to to TO 51242 571 23 start start VB 51242 571 24 it -PRON- PRP 51242 571 25 . . . 51242 572 1 A a DT 51242 572 2 regenerative regenerative JJ 51242 572 3 tramway tramway NN 51242 572 4 may may MD 51242 572 5 thus thus RB 51242 572 6 be be VB 51242 572 7 represented represent VBN 51242 572 8 , , , 51242 572 9 from from IN 51242 572 10 the the DT 51242 572 11 energy energy NN 51242 572 12 point point NN 51242 572 13 of of IN 51242 572 14 view view NN 51242 572 15 , , , 51242 572 16 as as IN 51242 572 17 one one CD 51242 572 18 in in IN 51242 572 19 which which WDT 51242 572 20 all all PDT 51242 572 21 the the DT 51242 572 22 cars car NNS 51242 572 23 are be VBP 51242 572 24 running run VBG 51242 572 25 at at IN 51242 572 26 normal normal JJ 51242 572 27 speeds speed NNS 51242 572 28 on on IN 51242 572 29 level level NN 51242 572 30 roads road NNS 51242 572 31 . . . 51242 573 1 Incidentally incidentally RB 51242 573 2 the the DT 51242 573 3 regenerative regenerative JJ 51242 573 4 system system NN 51242 573 5 gives give VBZ 51242 573 6 a a DT 51242 573 7 very very RB 51242 573 8 perfect perfect JJ 51242 573 9 control control NN 51242 573 10 of of IN 51242 573 11 the the DT 51242 573 12 speed speed NN 51242 573 13 of of IN 51242 573 14 the the DT 51242 573 15 car car NN 51242 573 16 on on IN 51242 573 17 all all DT 51242 573 18 gradients gradient NNS 51242 573 19 , , , 51242 573 20 owing owe VBG 51242 573 21 to to IN 51242 573 22 the the DT 51242 573 23 regeneration regeneration NN 51242 573 24 which which WDT 51242 573 25 begins begin VBZ 51242 573 26 automatically automatically RB 51242 573 27 when when WRB 51242 573 28 the the DT 51242 573 29 motors motor NNS 51242 573 30 start start VBP 51242 573 31 ' ' `` 51242 573 32 coasting coast VBG 51242 573 33 . . . 51242 573 34 ' ' '' 51242 574 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 574 2 is be VBZ 51242 574 3 a a DT 51242 574 4 power power NN 51242 574 5 - - HYPH 51242 574 6 saver saver NN 51242 574 7 and and CC 51242 574 8 a a DT 51242 574 9 brake brake NN 51242 574 10 in in IN 51242 574 11 one one CD 51242 574 12 ; ; : 51242 574 13 and and CC 51242 574 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 574 15 efficacy efficacy NN 51242 574 16 as as IN 51242 574 17 a a DT 51242 574 18 means means NN 51242 574 19 of of IN 51242 574 20 control control NN 51242 574 21 is be VBZ 51242 574 22 so so RB 51242 574 23 great great JJ 51242 574 24 that that IN 51242 574 25 , , , 51242 574 26 if if IN 51242 574 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 574 28 incidental incidental JJ 51242 574 29 drawbacks drawback NNS 51242 574 30 could could MD 51242 574 31 be be VB 51242 574 32 avoided avoid VBN 51242 574 33 , , , 51242 574 34 it -PRON- PRP 51242 574 35 would would MD 51242 574 36 be be VB 51242 574 37 worth worth JJ 51242 574 38 adopting adopt VBG 51242 574 39 for for IN 51242 574 40 this this DT 51242 574 41 purpose purpose NN 51242 574 42 alone alone RB 51242 574 43 , , , 51242 574 44 both both DT 51242 574 45 on on IN 51242 574 46 electric electric JJ 51242 574 47 tramways tramway NNS 51242 574 48 and and CC 51242 574 49 on on IN 51242 574 50 electric electric JJ 51242 574 51 railways railway NNS 51242 574 52 . . . 51242 575 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 575 2 X X NNP 51242 575 3 ACCUMULATOR ACCUMULATOR NNP 51242 575 4 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 575 5 TRACTION TRACTION NNP 51242 575 6 . . . 51242 576 1 THE the DT 51242 576 2 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 576 3 AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILE VBD 51242 576 4 The the DT 51242 576 5 use use NN 51242 576 6 of of IN 51242 576 7 the the DT 51242 576 8 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 576 9 or or CC 51242 576 10 storage storage NN 51242 576 11 battery battery NN 51242 576 12 in in IN 51242 576 13 electric electric JJ 51242 576 14 traction traction NN 51242 576 15 affords afford VBZ 51242 576 16 a a DT 51242 576 17 very very RB 51242 576 18 good good JJ 51242 576 19 example example NN 51242 576 20 of of IN 51242 576 21 how how WRB 51242 576 22 a a DT 51242 576 23 means means NN 51242 576 24 of of IN 51242 576 25 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 576 26 may may MD 51242 576 27 fail fail VB 51242 576 28 in in IN 51242 576 29 one one CD 51242 576 30 set set NN 51242 576 31 of of IN 51242 576 32 circumstances circumstance NNS 51242 576 33 and and CC 51242 576 34 contrive contrive JJ 51242 576 35 to to TO 51242 576 36 succeed succeed VB 51242 576 37 in in IN 51242 576 38 another another DT 51242 576 39 . . . 51242 577 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 577 2 history history NN 51242 577 3 serves serve VBZ 51242 577 4 to to TO 51242 577 5 remind remind VB 51242 577 6 us -PRON- PRP 51242 577 7 that that IN 51242 577 8 the the DT 51242 577 9 problem problem NN 51242 577 10 of of IN 51242 577 11 cheap cheap JJ 51242 577 12 transport transport NN 51242 577 13 is be VBZ 51242 577 14 really really RB 51242 577 15 a a DT 51242 577 16 group group NN 51242 577 17 of of IN 51242 577 18 problems problem NNS 51242 577 19 , , , 51242 577 20 each each DT 51242 577 21 one one CD 51242 577 22 of of IN 51242 577 23 which which WDT 51242 577 24 demands demand VBZ 51242 577 25 a a DT 51242 577 26 particular particular JJ 51242 577 27 solution solution NN 51242 577 28 . . . 51242 578 1 The the DT 51242 578 2 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 578 3 is be VBZ 51242 578 4 a a DT 51242 578 5 device device NN 51242 578 6 for for IN 51242 578 7 storing store VBG 51242 578 8 electrical electrical JJ 51242 578 9 energy energy NN 51242 578 10 in in IN 51242 578 11 the the DT 51242 578 12 form form NN 51242 578 13 of of IN 51242 578 14 chemical chemical JJ 51242 578 15 energy energy NN 51242 578 16 . . . 51242 579 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 579 2 action action NN 51242 579 3 depends depend VBZ 51242 579 4 upon upon IN 51242 579 5 the the DT 51242 579 6 effect effect NN 51242 579 7 of of IN 51242 579 8 currents current NNS 51242 579 9 of of IN 51242 579 10 electricity electricity NN 51242 579 11 on on IN 51242 579 12 lead lead JJ 51242 579 13 plates plate NNS 51242 579 14 in in IN 51242 579 15 a a DT 51242 579 16 bath bath NN 51242 579 17 of of IN 51242 579 18 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 51242 579 19 acid acid NN 51242 579 20 . . . 51242 580 1 The the DT 51242 580 2 passage passage NN 51242 580 3 of of IN 51242 580 4 the the DT 51242 580 5 current current NN 51242 580 6 through through IN 51242 580 7 the the DT 51242 580 8 battery battery NN 51242 580 9 produces produce VBZ 51242 580 10 chemical chemical NN 51242 580 11 changes change NNS 51242 580 12 which which WDT 51242 580 13 enable enable VBP 51242 580 14 the the DT 51242 580 15 battery battery NN 51242 580 16 to to TO 51242 580 17 give give VB 51242 580 18 out out RP 51242 580 19 current current NN 51242 580 20 when when WRB 51242 580 21 required require VBN 51242 580 22 . . . 51242 581 1 As as IN 51242 581 2 the the DT 51242 581 3 battery battery NN 51242 581 4 may may MD 51242 581 5 remain remain VB 51242 581 6 ' ' `` 51242 581 7 charged charge VBN 51242 581 8 ' ' '' 51242 581 9 for for IN 51242 581 10 several several JJ 51242 581 11 days day NNS 51242 581 12 , , , 51242 581 13 and and CC 51242 581 14 may may MD 51242 581 15 be be VB 51242 581 16 discharged discharge VBN 51242 581 17 slowly slowly RB 51242 581 18 or or CC 51242 581 19 quickly quickly RB 51242 581 20 , , , 51242 581 21 it -PRON- PRP 51242 581 22 provides provide VBZ 51242 581 23 a a DT 51242 581 24 means means NN 51242 581 25 of of IN 51242 581 26 ' ' `` 51242 581 27 storing store VBG 51242 581 28 ' ' '' 51242 581 29 electrical electrical JJ 51242 581 30 energy energy NN 51242 581 31 . . . 51242 582 1 In in IN 51242 582 2 practice practice NN 51242 582 3 , , , 51242 582 4 and and CC 51242 582 5 under under IN 51242 582 6 favourable favourable JJ 51242 582 7 conditions condition NNS 51242 582 8 , , , 51242 582 9 the the DT 51242 582 10 efficiency efficiency NN 51242 582 11 of of IN 51242 582 12 the the DT 51242 582 13 storage storage NN 51242 582 14 battery battery NN 51242 582 15 is be VBZ 51242 582 16 about about RB 51242 582 17 80 80 CD 51242 582 18 per per NN 51242 582 19 cent cent NN 51242 582 20 . . . 51242 583 1 That that DT 51242 583 2 is be VBZ 51242 583 3 to to TO 51242 583 4 say say VB 51242 583 5 , , , 51242 583 6 there there EX 51242 583 7 is be VBZ 51242 583 8 a a DT 51242 583 9 loss loss NN 51242 583 10 of of IN 51242 583 11 about about IN 51242 583 12 20 20 CD 51242 583 13 per per NN 51242 583 14 cent cent NN 51242 583 15 . . . 51242 584 1 in in IN 51242 584 2 the the DT 51242 584 3 process process NN 51242 584 4 of of IN 51242 584 5 conversion conversion NN 51242 584 6 and and CC 51242 584 7 re re NN 51242 584 8 - - NN 51242 584 9 conversion conversion NN 51242 584 10 . . . 51242 585 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 585 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 585 3 : : : 51242 585 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 585 5 . . . 51242 586 1 8 8 LS 51242 586 2 . . . 51242 587 1 A a DT 51242 587 2 modern modern JJ 51242 587 3 electric electric JJ 51242 587 4 automobile.--The automobile.--the CD 51242 587 5 electric electric JJ 51242 587 6 battery battery NN 51242 587 7 is be VBZ 51242 587 8 placed place VBN 51242 587 9 under under IN 51242 587 10 the the DT 51242 587 11 front front JJ 51242 587 12 half half NN 51242 587 13 of of IN 51242 587 14 the the DT 51242 587 15 car car NN 51242 587 16 , , , 51242 587 17 and and CC 51242 587 18 the the DT 51242 587 19 motors motor NNS 51242 587 20 drive drive VBP 51242 587 21 the the DT 51242 587 22 back back JJ 51242 587 23 axle axle NN 51242 587 24 through through IN 51242 587 25 chains chain NNS 51242 587 26 . . . 51242 588 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 588 2 British British NNP 51242 588 3 Electric Electric NNP 51242 588 4 Automobile Automobile NNP 51242 588 5 Co. Co. NNP 51242 588 6 , , , 51242 588 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 51242 588 8 ) ) -RRB- 51242 588 9 ] ] -RRB- 51242 588 10 Great great JJ 51242 588 11 hopes hope NNS 51242 588 12 were be VBD 51242 588 13 once once RB 51242 588 14 entertained entertain VBN 51242 588 15 of of IN 51242 588 16 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 588 17 traction traction NN 51242 588 18 on on IN 51242 588 19 tramways tramway NNS 51242 588 20 . . . 51242 589 1 The the DT 51242 589 2 storage storage NN 51242 589 3 battery battery NN 51242 589 4 offered offer VBD 51242 589 5 a a DT 51242 589 6 means means NN 51242 589 7 of of IN 51242 589 8 escape escape NN 51242 589 9 from from IN 51242 589 10 all all PDT 51242 589 11 the the DT 51242 589 12 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 589 13 and and CC 51242 589 14 expense expense NN 51242 589 15 of of IN 51242 589 16 carrying carry VBG 51242 589 17 electric electric JJ 51242 589 18 mains main NNS 51242 589 19 overhead overhead RB 51242 589 20 or or CC 51242 589 21 underground underground RB 51242 589 22 . . . 51242 590 1 By by IN 51242 590 2 fitting fit VBG 51242 590 3 each each DT 51242 590 4 car car NN 51242 590 5 with with IN 51242 590 6 a a DT 51242 590 7 storage storage NN 51242 590 8 battery battery NN 51242 590 9 , , , 51242 590 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 590 11 could could MD 51242 590 12 be be VB 51242 590 13 made make VBN 51242 590 14 an an DT 51242 590 15 independent independent JJ 51242 590 16 self self NN 51242 590 17 - - HYPH 51242 590 18 contained contain VBN 51242 590 19 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 590 20 , , , 51242 590 21 capable capable JJ 51242 590 22 of of IN 51242 590 23 running run VBG 51242 590 24 a a DT 51242 590 25 certain certain JJ 51242 590 26 number number NN 51242 590 27 of of IN 51242 590 28 miles mile NNS 51242 590 29 until until IN 51242 590 30 the the DT 51242 590 31 battery battery NN 51242 590 32 was be VBD 51242 590 33 approaching approach VBG 51242 590 34 exhaustion exhaustion NN 51242 590 35 . . . 51242 591 1 By by IN 51242 591 2 providing provide VBG 51242 591 3 centres centre NNS 51242 591 4 where where WRB 51242 591 5 the the DT 51242 591 6 batteries battery NNS 51242 591 7 could could MD 51242 591 8 be be VB 51242 591 9 re re VBN 51242 591 10 - - VBN 51242 591 11 charged charged JJ 51242 591 12 -- -- : 51242 591 13 or or CC 51242 591 14 , , , 51242 591 15 to to TO 51242 591 16 save save VB 51242 591 17 time time NN 51242 591 18 , , , 51242 591 19 replaced replace VBN 51242 591 20 by by IN 51242 591 21 batteries battery NNS 51242 591 22 previously previously RB 51242 591 23 charged charge VBN 51242 591 24 -- -- : 51242 591 25 a a DT 51242 591 26 continuous continuous JJ 51242 591 27 service service NN 51242 591 28 could could MD 51242 591 29 be be VB 51242 591 30 maintained maintain VBN 51242 591 31 on on IN 51242 591 32 a a DT 51242 591 33 tramway tramway JJ 51242 591 34 system system NN 51242 591 35 . . . 51242 592 1 The the DT 51242 592 2 advantages advantage NNS 51242 592 3 of of IN 51242 592 4 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 592 5 traction traction NN 51242 592 6 , , , 51242 592 7 apart apart RB 51242 592 8 from from IN 51242 592 9 the the DT 51242 592 10 saving saving NN 51242 592 11 in in IN 51242 592 12 first first JJ 51242 592 13 cost cost NN 51242 592 14 , , , 51242 592 15 are be VBP 51242 592 16 the the DT 51242 592 17 absence absence NN 51242 592 18 of of IN 51242 592 19 obstruction obstruction NN 51242 592 20 and and CC 51242 592 21 danger danger NN 51242 592 22 from from IN 51242 592 23 overhead overhead JJ 51242 592 24 wires wire NNS 51242 592 25 , , , 51242 592 26 and and CC 51242 592 27 of of IN 51242 592 28 the the DT 51242 592 29 risk risk NN 51242 592 30 of of IN 51242 592 31 a a DT 51242 592 32 general general JJ 51242 592 33 stoppage stoppage NN 51242 592 34 of of IN 51242 592 35 the the DT 51242 592 36 service service NN 51242 592 37 when when WRB 51242 592 38 the the DT 51242 592 39 current current NN 51242 592 40 at at IN 51242 592 41 the the DT 51242 592 42 generating generating NN 51242 592 43 station station NN 51242 592 44 fails fail VBZ 51242 592 45 from from IN 51242 592 46 any any DT 51242 592 47 accidental accidental JJ 51242 592 48 cause cause NN 51242 592 49 . . . 51242 593 1 When when WRB 51242 593 2 accumulators accumulator NNS 51242 593 3 are be VBP 51242 593 4 used use VBN 51242 593 5 , , , 51242 593 6 the the DT 51242 593 7 conversion conversion NN 51242 593 8 of of IN 51242 593 9 a a DT 51242 593 10 horse horse NN 51242 593 11 tramway tramway NN 51242 593 12 to to IN 51242 593 13 an an DT 51242 593 14 electric electric JJ 51242 593 15 tramway tramway NN 51242 593 16 becomes become VBZ 51242 593 17 a a DT 51242 593 18 very very RB 51242 593 19 simple simple JJ 51242 593 20 matter matter NN 51242 593 21 . . . 51242 594 1 All all DT 51242 594 2 that that WDT 51242 594 3 is be VBZ 51242 594 4 required require VBN 51242 594 5 is be VBZ 51242 594 6 to to TO 51242 594 7 erect erect VB 51242 594 8 a a DT 51242 594 9 generating generating NN 51242 594 10 station station NN 51242 594 11 and and CC 51242 594 12 provide provide VB 51242 594 13 each each DT 51242 594 14 car car NN 51242 594 15 with with IN 51242 594 16 a a DT 51242 594 17 storage storage NN 51242 594 18 battery battery NN 51242 594 19 and and CC 51242 594 20 electrical electrical JJ 51242 594 21 equipment equipment NN 51242 594 22 . . . 51242 595 1 This this DT 51242 595 2 equipment equipment NN 51242 595 3 , , , 51242 595 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 595 5 may may MD 51242 595 6 be be VB 51242 595 7 mentioned mention VBN 51242 595 8 , , , 51242 595 9 is be VBZ 51242 595 10 substantially substantially RB 51242 595 11 the the DT 51242 595 12 same same JJ 51242 595 13 as as IN 51242 595 14 with with IN 51242 595 15 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 595 16 electric electric JJ 51242 595 17 cars car NNS 51242 595 18 . . . 51242 596 1 The the DT 51242 596 2 current current JJ 51242 596 3 flows flow VBZ 51242 596 4 from from IN 51242 596 5 the the DT 51242 596 6 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 596 7 through through IN 51242 596 8 the the DT 51242 596 9 controller controller NN 51242 596 10 and and CC 51242 596 11 the the DT 51242 596 12 motors motor NNS 51242 596 13 back back RB 51242 596 14 to to IN 51242 596 15 the the DT 51242 596 16 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 596 17 . . . 51242 597 1 Many many JJ 51242 597 2 trials trial NNS 51242 597 3 were be VBD 51242 597 4 made make VBN 51242 597 5 with with IN 51242 597 6 this this DT 51242 597 7 system system NN 51242 597 8 in in IN 51242 597 9 the the DT 51242 597 10 early early JJ 51242 597 11 days day NNS 51242 597 12 of of IN 51242 597 13 electric electric JJ 51242 597 14 traction traction NN 51242 597 15 , , , 51242 597 16 but but CC 51242 597 17 there there EX 51242 597 18 are be VBP 51242 597 19 no no DT 51242 597 20 survivals survival NNS 51242 597 21 . . . 51242 598 1 The the DT 51242 598 2 failures failure NNS 51242 598 3 were be VBD 51242 598 4 due due JJ 51242 598 5 in in IN 51242 598 6 part part NN 51242 598 7 to to IN 51242 598 8 weaknesses weakness NNS 51242 598 9 in in IN 51242 598 10 the the DT 51242 598 11 batteries battery NNS 51242 598 12 and and CC 51242 598 13 to to IN 51242 598 14 the the DT 51242 598 15 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 598 16 of of IN 51242 598 17 handling handle VBG 51242 598 18 them -PRON- PRP 51242 598 19 with with IN 51242 598 20 proper proper JJ 51242 598 21 care care NN 51242 598 22 under under IN 51242 598 23 the the DT 51242 598 24 rough rough JJ 51242 598 25 and and CC 51242 598 26 ready ready JJ 51242 598 27 conditions condition NNS 51242 598 28 of of IN 51242 598 29 tramway tramway JJ 51242 598 30 service service NN 51242 598 31 . . . 51242 599 1 The the DT 51242 599 2 main main JJ 51242 599 3 cause cause NN 51242 599 4 , , , 51242 599 5 however however RB 51242 599 6 , , , 51242 599 7 was be VBD 51242 599 8 the the DT 51242 599 9 inherent inherent JJ 51242 599 10 drawback drawback NN 51242 599 11 of of IN 51242 599 12 all all DT 51242 599 13 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 599 14 systems system NNS 51242 599 15 -- -- : 51242 599 16 the the DT 51242 599 17 fact fact NN 51242 599 18 that that IN 51242 599 19 the the DT 51242 599 20 tractor tractor NN 51242 599 21 has have VBZ 51242 599 22 to to TO 51242 599 23 haul haul VB 51242 599 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 599 25 own own JJ 51242 599 26 dead dead JJ 51242 599 27 weight weight NN 51242 599 28 in in IN 51242 599 29 addition addition NN 51242 599 30 to to IN 51242 599 31 the the DT 51242 599 32 weight weight NN 51242 599 33 of of IN 51242 599 34 the the DT 51242 599 35 car car NN 51242 599 36 and and CC 51242 599 37 passengers passenger NNS 51242 599 38 . . . 51242 600 1 Lead lead VB 51242 600 2 being be VBG 51242 600 3 one one CD 51242 600 4 of of IN 51242 600 5 the the DT 51242 600 6 heaviest heavy JJS 51242 600 7 of of IN 51242 600 8 metals metal NNS 51242 600 9 , , , 51242 600 10 this this DT 51242 600 11 dead dead JJ 51242 600 12 weight weight NN 51242 600 13 was be VBD 51242 600 14 a a DT 51242 600 15 very very RB 51242 600 16 serious serious JJ 51242 600 17 item item NN 51242 600 18 on on IN 51242 600 19 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 600 20 tramcars tramcar NNS 51242 600 21 . . . 51242 601 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 601 2 proved prove VBD 51242 601 3 to to TO 51242 601 4 be be VB 51242 601 5 a a DT 51242 601 6 fatal fatal JJ 51242 601 7 item item NN 51242 601 8 when when WRB 51242 601 9 the the DT 51242 601 10 attempt attempt NN 51242 601 11 was be VBD 51242 601 12 made make VBN 51242 601 13 to to TO 51242 601 14 run run VB 51242 601 15 large large JJ 51242 601 16 cars car NNS 51242 601 17 on on IN 51242 601 18 heavy heavy JJ 51242 601 19 gradients gradient NNS 51242 601 20 . . . 51242 602 1 The the DT 51242 602 2 rush rush NN 51242 602 3 of of IN 51242 602 4 current current NN 51242 602 5 demanded demand VBD 51242 602 6 in in IN 51242 602 7 starting start VBG 51242 602 8 such such JJ 51242 602 9 cars car NNS 51242 602 10 up up RP 51242 602 11 - - HYPH 51242 602 12 hill hill NNP 51242 602 13 was be VBD 51242 602 14 in in IN 51242 602 15 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 602 16 too too RB 51242 602 17 severe severe JJ 51242 602 18 a a DT 51242 602 19 tax tax NN 51242 602 20 on on IN 51242 602 21 the the DT 51242 602 22 delicate delicate JJ 51242 602 23 structure structure NN 51242 602 24 of of IN 51242 602 25 the the DT 51242 602 26 batteries battery NNS 51242 602 27 . . . 51242 603 1 In in IN 51242 603 2 practice practice NN 51242 603 3 , , , 51242 603 4 moreover moreover RB 51242 603 5 , , , 51242 603 6 the the DT 51242 603 7 necessity necessity NN 51242 603 8 of of IN 51242 603 9 bringing bring VBG 51242 603 10 each each DT 51242 603 11 car car NN 51242 603 12 back back RB 51242 603 13 to to IN 51242 603 14 the the DT 51242 603 15 depot depot NN 51242 603 16 for for IN 51242 603 17 re re JJ 51242 603 18 - - JJ 51242 603 19 charging charging NN 51242 603 20 , , , 51242 603 21 after after IN 51242 603 22 a a DT 51242 603 23 limited limited JJ 51242 603 24 journey journey NN 51242 603 25 , , , 51242 603 26 proved prove VBD 51242 603 27 very very RB 51242 603 28 troublesome troublesome JJ 51242 603 29 . . . 51242 604 1 The the DT 51242 604 2 more more RBR 51242 604 3 extensive extensive JJ 51242 604 4 the the DT 51242 604 5 system system NN 51242 604 6 and and CC 51242 604 7 the the DT 51242 604 8 more more RBR 51242 604 9 frequent frequent JJ 51242 604 10 the the DT 51242 604 11 service service NN 51242 604 12 , , , 51242 604 13 the the DT 51242 604 14 more more RBR 51242 604 15 troublesome troublesome JJ 51242 604 16 this this DT 51242 604 17 necessity necessity NN 51242 604 18 became become VBD 51242 604 19 . . . 51242 605 1 Even even RB 51242 605 2 the the DT 51242 605 3 most most RBS 51242 605 4 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 51242 605 5 advocate advocate NN 51242 605 6 of of IN 51242 605 7 the the DT 51242 605 8 storage storage NN 51242 605 9 battery battery NN 51242 605 10 was be VBD 51242 605 11 at at IN 51242 605 12 last last JJ 51242 605 13 forced force VBN 51242 605 14 to to TO 51242 605 15 admit admit VB 51242 605 16 that that IN 51242 605 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 605 18 was be VBD 51242 605 19 not not RB 51242 605 20 applicable applicable JJ 51242 605 21 to to IN 51242 605 22 a a DT 51242 605 23 system system NN 51242 605 24 of of IN 51242 605 25 transport transport NN 51242 605 26 , , , 51242 605 27 which which WDT 51242 605 28 demanded demand VBD 51242 605 29 comparatively comparatively RB 51242 605 30 high high JJ 51242 605 31 speeds speed NNS 51242 605 32 with with IN 51242 605 33 large large JJ 51242 605 34 cars car NNS 51242 605 35 on on IN 51242 605 36 all all DT 51242 605 37 gradients gradient NNS 51242 605 38 and and CC 51242 605 39 over over IN 51242 605 40 a a DT 51242 605 41 range range NN 51242 605 42 of of IN 51242 605 43 several several JJ 51242 605 44 miles mile NNS 51242 605 45 from from IN 51242 605 46 the the DT 51242 605 47 centre centre NN 51242 605 48 of of IN 51242 605 49 power power NN 51242 605 50 . . . 51242 606 1 After after IN 51242 606 2 the the DT 51242 606 3 admitted admit VBN 51242 606 4 failure failure NN 51242 606 5 of of IN 51242 606 6 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 606 7 tramways tramway NNS 51242 606 8 , , , 51242 606 9 the the DT 51242 606 10 storage storage NN 51242 606 11 battery battery NN 51242 606 12 was be VBD 51242 606 13 for for IN 51242 606 14 some some DT 51242 606 15 time time NN 51242 606 16 used use VBN 51242 606 17 only only RB 51242 606 18 on on IN 51242 606 19 river river NN 51242 606 20 launches launch NNS 51242 606 21 and and CC 51242 606 22 small small JJ 51242 606 23 private private JJ 51242 606 24 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 606 25 . . . 51242 607 1 The the DT 51242 607 2 conditions condition NNS 51242 607 3 in in IN 51242 607 4 both both DT 51242 607 5 cases case NNS 51242 607 6 -- -- : 51242 607 7 and and CC 51242 607 8 especially especially RB 51242 607 9 in in IN 51242 607 10 the the DT 51242 607 11 former former JJ 51242 607 12 -- -- : 51242 607 13 are be VBP 51242 607 14 very very RB 51242 607 15 favourable favourable JJ 51242 607 16 to to IN 51242 607 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 607 18 operation operation NN 51242 607 19 . . . 51242 608 1 On on IN 51242 608 2 a a DT 51242 608 3 river river NN 51242 608 4 launch launch NN 51242 608 5 the the DT 51242 608 6 weight weight NN 51242 608 7 of of IN 51242 608 8 the the DT 51242 608 9 battery battery NN 51242 608 10 is be VBZ 51242 608 11 not not RB 51242 608 12 a a DT 51242 608 13 serious serious JJ 51242 608 14 item item NN 51242 608 15 , , , 51242 608 16 as as IN 51242 608 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 608 18 serves serve VBZ 51242 608 19 to to IN 51242 608 20 some some DT 51242 608 21 extent extent NN 51242 608 22 in in IN 51242 608 23 the the DT 51242 608 24 place place NN 51242 608 25 of of IN 51242 608 26 ballast ballast NN 51242 608 27 . . . 51242 609 1 Launches launch NNS 51242 609 2 , , , 51242 609 3 moreover moreover RB 51242 609 4 , , , 51242 609 5 are be VBP 51242 609 6 generally generally RB 51242 609 7 required require VBN 51242 609 8 for for IN 51242 609 9 trips trip NNS 51242 609 10 of of IN 51242 609 11 a a DT 51242 609 12 limited limited JJ 51242 609 13 number number NN 51242 609 14 of of IN 51242 609 15 miles mile NNS 51242 609 16 up up IN 51242 609 17 and and CC 51242 609 18 down down IN 51242 609 19 the the DT 51242 609 20 river river NN 51242 609 21 from from IN 51242 609 22 the the DT 51242 609 23 boathouse boathouse NN 51242 609 24 or or CC 51242 609 25 charging charging NN 51242 609 26 station station NN 51242 609 27 of of IN 51242 609 28 the the DT 51242 609 29 owner owner NN 51242 609 30 . . . 51242 610 1 In in IN 51242 610 2 contrast contrast NN 51242 610 3 with with IN 51242 610 4 the the DT 51242 610 5 tramway tramway NN 51242 610 6 , , , 51242 610 7 there there EX 51242 610 8 is be VBZ 51242 610 9 no no DT 51242 610 10 demand demand NN 51242 610 11 for for IN 51242 610 12 rapid rapid JJ 51242 610 13 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 610 14 at at IN 51242 610 15 starting start VBG 51242 610 16 or or CC 51242 610 17 for for IN 51242 610 18 abnormal abnormal JJ 51242 610 19 power power NN 51242 610 20 at at IN 51242 610 21 intervals interval NNS 51242 610 22 . . . 51242 611 1 The the DT 51242 611 2 batteries battery NNS 51242 611 3 discharge discharge VBP 51242 611 4 slowly slowly RB 51242 611 5 and and CC 51242 611 6 fairly fairly RB 51242 611 7 evenly evenly RB 51242 611 8 , , , 51242 611 9 and and CC 51242 611 10 are be VBP 51242 611 11 not not RB 51242 611 12 subjected subject VBN 51242 611 13 to to IN 51242 611 14 serious serious JJ 51242 611 15 vibration vibration NN 51242 611 16 . . . 51242 612 1 The the DT 51242 612 2 electrical electrical JJ 51242 612 3 equipment equipment NN 51242 612 4 is be VBZ 51242 612 5 extremely extremely RB 51242 612 6 simple simple JJ 51242 612 7 , , , 51242 612 8 as as IN 51242 612 9 the the DT 51242 612 10 motor motor NN 51242 612 11 is be VBZ 51242 612 12 fixed fix VBN 51242 612 13 on on RP 51242 612 14 to to IN 51242 612 15 the the DT 51242 612 16 propeller propeller NN 51242 612 17 shaft shaft NN 51242 612 18 and and CC 51242 612 19 operated operate VBN 51242 612 20 by by IN 51242 612 21 a a DT 51242 612 22 controller controller NN 51242 612 23 on on IN 51242 612 24 the the DT 51242 612 25 deck deck NN 51242 612 26 close close RB 51242 612 27 to to IN 51242 612 28 the the DT 51242 612 29 steering steering NN 51242 612 30 wheel wheel NN 51242 612 31 . . . 51242 613 1 However however RB 51242 613 2 , , , 51242 613 3 if if IN 51242 613 4 economy economy NN 51242 613 5 were be VBD 51242 613 6 the the DT 51242 613 7 only only JJ 51242 613 8 consideration consideration NN 51242 613 9 , , , 51242 613 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 613 11 is be VBZ 51242 613 12 doubtful doubtful JJ 51242 613 13 whether whether IN 51242 613 14 the the DT 51242 613 15 electric electric JJ 51242 613 16 launch launch NN 51242 613 17 would would MD 51242 613 18 have have VB 51242 613 19 survived survive VBN 51242 613 20 against against IN 51242 613 21 the the DT 51242 613 22 competition competition NN 51242 613 23 of of IN 51242 613 24 steam steam NN 51242 613 25 and and CC 51242 613 26 petrol petrol NN 51242 613 27 launches launch NNS 51242 613 28 . . . 51242 614 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 614 2 has have VBZ 51242 614 3 survived survive VBN 51242 614 4 because because IN 51242 614 5 the the DT 51242 614 6 simplicity simplicity NN 51242 614 7 of of IN 51242 614 8 the the DT 51242 614 9 equipment equipment NN 51242 614 10 , , , 51242 614 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 614 12 silent silent JJ 51242 614 13 running running NN 51242 614 14 , , , 51242 614 15 and and CC 51242 614 16 the the DT 51242 614 17 absence absence NN 51242 614 18 of of IN 51242 614 19 heat heat NN 51242 614 20 , , , 51242 614 21 smoke smoke NN 51242 614 22 and and CC 51242 614 23 fumes fume NNS 51242 614 24 , , , 51242 614 25 make make VB 51242 614 26 it -PRON- PRP 51242 614 27 the the DT 51242 614 28 ideal ideal JJ 51242 614 29 thing thing NN 51242 614 30 for for IN 51242 614 31 river river NN 51242 614 32 work work NN 51242 614 33 . . . 51242 615 1 The the DT 51242 615 2 hire hire NN 51242 615 3 of of IN 51242 615 4 an an DT 51242 615 5 electric electric JJ 51242 615 6 launch launch NN 51242 615 7 on on IN 51242 615 8 the the DT 51242 615 9 Thames Thames NNP 51242 615 10 costs cost VBZ 51242 615 11 more more JJR 51242 615 12 than than IN 51242 615 13 that that DT 51242 615 14 of of IN 51242 615 15 a a DT 51242 615 16 steam steam NN 51242 615 17 launch launch NN 51242 615 18 , , , 51242 615 19 but but CC 51242 615 20 plenty plenty NN 51242 615 21 of of IN 51242 615 22 people people NNS 51242 615 23 are be VBP 51242 615 24 willing willing JJ 51242 615 25 to to TO 51242 615 26 pay pay VB 51242 615 27 the the DT 51242 615 28 additional additional JJ 51242 615 29 charge charge NN 51242 615 30 to to TO 51242 615 31 avoid avoid VB 51242 615 32 the the DT 51242 615 33 drawbacks drawback NNS 51242 615 34 of of IN 51242 615 35 steam steam NN 51242 615 36 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 615 37 on on IN 51242 615 38 a a DT 51242 615 39 small small JJ 51242 615 40 vessel vessel NN 51242 615 41 . . . 51242 616 1 Similar similar JJ 51242 616 2 considerations consideration NNS 51242 616 3 underlie underlie VBP 51242 616 4 the the DT 51242 616 5 extensive extensive JJ 51242 616 6 use use NN 51242 616 7 of of IN 51242 616 8 electric electric JJ 51242 616 9 broughams brougham NNS 51242 616 10 in in IN 51242 616 11 cities city NNS 51242 616 12 . . . 51242 617 1 Such such JJ 51242 617 2 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 617 3 are be VBP 51242 617 4 required require VBN 51242 617 5 only only RB 51242 617 6 for for IN 51242 617 7 travel travel NN 51242 617 8 within within IN 51242 617 9 a a DT 51242 617 10 restricted restricted JJ 51242 617 11 area area NN 51242 617 12 and and CC 51242 617 13 on on IN 51242 617 14 streets street NNS 51242 617 15 where where WRB 51242 617 16 the the DT 51242 617 17 gradients gradient NNS 51242 617 18 are be VBP 51242 617 19 seldom seldom RB 51242 617 20 severe severe JJ 51242 617 21 . . . 51242 618 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 618 2 carrying carrying NN 51242 618 3 capacity capacity NN 51242 618 4 is be VBZ 51242 618 5 generally generally RB 51242 618 6 limited limit VBN 51242 618 7 to to IN 51242 618 8 two two CD 51242 618 9 or or CC 51242 618 10 four four CD 51242 618 11 passengers passenger NNS 51242 618 12 , , , 51242 618 13 so so IN 51242 618 14 that that IN 51242 618 15 the the DT 51242 618 16 batteries battery NNS 51242 618 17 do do VBP 51242 618 18 not not RB 51242 618 19 require require VB 51242 618 20 to to TO 51242 618 21 be be VB 51242 618 22 unduly unduly RB 51242 618 23 heavy heavy JJ 51242 618 24 . . . 51242 619 1 A a DT 51242 619 2 maximum maximum JJ 51242 619 3 speed speed NN 51242 619 4 of of IN 51242 619 5 12 12 CD 51242 619 6 miles mile NNS 51242 619 7 an an DT 51242 619 8 hour hour NN 51242 619 9 is be VBZ 51242 619 10 quite quite RB 51242 619 11 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 619 12 for for IN 51242 619 13 city city NN 51242 619 14 streets street NNS 51242 619 15 ; ; : 51242 619 16 and and CC 51242 619 17 with with IN 51242 619 18 careful careful JJ 51242 619 19 treatment treatment NN 51242 619 20 the the DT 51242 619 21 batteries battery NNS 51242 619 22 can can MD 51242 619 23 be be VB 51242 619 24 very very RB 51242 619 25 economically economically RB 51242 619 26 used use VBN 51242 619 27 and and CC 51242 619 28 will will MD 51242 619 29 not not RB 51242 619 30 deteriorate deteriorate VB 51242 619 31 nearly nearly RB 51242 619 32 so so RB 51242 619 33 rapidly rapidly RB 51242 619 34 as as IN 51242 619 35 they -PRON- PRP 51242 619 36 would would MD 51242 619 37 under under IN 51242 619 38 tramway tramway JJ 51242 619 39 conditions condition NNS 51242 619 40 . . . 51242 620 1 Considerations consideration NNS 51242 620 2 of of IN 51242 620 3 economy economy NN 51242 620 4 , , , 51242 620 5 on on IN 51242 620 6 the the DT 51242 620 7 other other JJ 51242 620 8 hand hand NN 51242 620 9 , , , 51242 620 10 do do VB 51242 620 11 not not RB 51242 620 12 weigh weigh VB 51242 620 13 very very RB 51242 620 14 heavily heavily RB 51242 620 15 with with IN 51242 620 16 the the DT 51242 620 17 class class NN 51242 620 18 of of IN 51242 620 19 people people NNS 51242 620 20 who who WP 51242 620 21 use use VBP 51242 620 22 private private JJ 51242 620 23 electric electric JJ 51242 620 24 broughams brougham NNS 51242 620 25 . . . 51242 621 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 621 2 are be VBP 51242 621 3 prepared prepared JJ 51242 621 4 to to TO 51242 621 5 pay pay VB 51242 621 6 for for IN 51242 621 7 the the DT 51242 621 8 best well RBS 51242 621 9 available available JJ 51242 621 10 ; ; : 51242 621 11 and and CC 51242 621 12 the the DT 51242 621 13 electric electric JJ 51242 621 14 brougham brougham NNP 51242 621 15 , , , 51242 621 16 with with IN 51242 621 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 621 18 noiselessness noiselessness NN 51242 621 19 , , , 51242 621 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 621 21 easy easy JJ 51242 621 22 running running NN 51242 621 23 , , , 51242 621 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 621 25 absence absence NN 51242 621 26 of of IN 51242 621 27 smell smell NN 51242 621 28 or or CC 51242 621 29 other other JJ 51242 621 30 nuisance nuisance NN 51242 621 31 , , , 51242 621 32 is be VBZ 51242 621 33 regarded regard VBN 51242 621 34 as as IN 51242 621 35 the the DT 51242 621 36 ideal ideal NN 51242 621 37 which which WDT 51242 621 38 other other JJ 51242 621 39 modes mode NNS 51242 621 40 of of IN 51242 621 41 city city NN 51242 621 42 transport transport NN 51242 621 43 must must MD 51242 621 44 do do VB 51242 621 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 621 46 best good JJS 51242 621 47 to to TO 51242 621 48 approach approach VB 51242 621 49 . . . 51242 622 1 In in IN 51242 622 2 London London NNP 51242 622 3 a a DT 51242 622 4 certain certain JJ 51242 622 5 amount amount NN 51242 622 6 of of IN 51242 622 7 business business NN 51242 622 8 has have VBZ 51242 622 9 been be VBN 51242 622 10 done do VBN 51242 622 11 for for IN 51242 622 12 some some DT 51242 622 13 years year NNS 51242 622 14 in in IN 51242 622 15 hiring hire VBG 51242 622 16 electric electric JJ 51242 622 17 broughams brougham NNS 51242 622 18 for for IN 51242 622 19 various various JJ 51242 622 20 periods period NNS 51242 622 21 on on IN 51242 622 22 terms term NNS 51242 622 23 which which WDT 51242 622 24 include include VBP 51242 622 25 current current JJ 51242 622 26 , , , 51242 622 27 maintenance maintenance NN 51242 622 28 , , , 51242 622 29 garage garage NN 51242 622 30 facilities facility NNS 51242 622 31 , , , 51242 622 32 driver driver NN 51242 622 33 's 's POS 51242 622 34 wages wage NNS 51242 622 35 , , , 51242 622 36 and and CC 51242 622 37 all all DT 51242 622 38 other other JJ 51242 622 39 charges charge NNS 51242 622 40 . . . 51242 623 1 The the DT 51242 623 2 convenience convenience NN 51242 623 3 of of IN 51242 623 4 such such PDT 51242 623 5 an an DT 51242 623 6 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 623 7 to to IN 51242 623 8 the the DT 51242 623 9 hirer hirer NN 51242 623 10 need nee MD 51242 623 11 not not RB 51242 623 12 be be VB 51242 623 13 emphasised emphasise VBN 51242 623 14 , , , 51242 623 15 since since IN 51242 623 16 what what WP 51242 623 17 is be VBZ 51242 623 18 wanted want VBN 51242 623 19 in in IN 51242 623 20 this this DT 51242 623 21 case case NN 51242 623 22 is be VBZ 51242 623 23 a a DT 51242 623 24 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 623 25 which which WDT 51242 623 26 is be VBZ 51242 623 27 always always RB 51242 623 28 ready ready JJ 51242 623 29 at at IN 51242 623 30 a a DT 51242 623 31 telephone telephone NN 51242 623 32 call call NN 51242 623 33 . . . 51242 624 1 But but CC 51242 624 2 the the DT 51242 624 3 system system NN 51242 624 4 has have VBZ 51242 624 5 another another DT 51242 624 6 important important JJ 51242 624 7 advantage advantage NN 51242 624 8 , , , 51242 624 9 which which WDT 51242 624 10 bears bear VBZ 51242 624 11 upon upon IN 51242 624 12 the the DT 51242 624 13 economic economic JJ 51242 624 14 prospects prospect NNS 51242 624 15 of of IN 51242 624 16 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 624 17 traction traction NN 51242 624 18 . . . 51242 625 1 By by IN 51242 625 2 retaining retain VBG 51242 625 3 the the DT 51242 625 4 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 625 5 under under IN 51242 625 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 625 7 control control NN 51242 625 8 the the DT 51242 625 9 hiring hire VBG 51242 625 10 company company NN 51242 625 11 not not RB 51242 625 12 only only RB 51242 625 13 centralises centralise VBZ 51242 625 14 the the DT 51242 625 15 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 625 16 for for IN 51242 625 17 storing store VBG 51242 625 18 and and CC 51242 625 19 re re JJ 51242 625 20 - - JJ 51242 625 21 charging charging JJ 51242 625 22 , , , 51242 625 23 but but CC 51242 625 24 it -PRON- PRP 51242 625 25 is be VBZ 51242 625 26 able able JJ 51242 625 27 to to TO 51242 625 28 take take VB 51242 625 29 care care NN 51242 625 30 that that IN 51242 625 31 the the DT 51242 625 32 batteries battery NNS 51242 625 33 are be VBP 51242 625 34 properly properly RB 51242 625 35 treated treat VBN 51242 625 36 . . . 51242 626 1 Just just RB 51242 626 2 as as IN 51242 626 3 the the DT 51242 626 4 success success NN 51242 626 5 of of IN 51242 626 6 the the DT 51242 626 7 surface surface NN 51242 626 8 - - HYPH 51242 626 9 contact contact NN 51242 626 10 system system NN 51242 626 11 depends depend VBZ 51242 626 12 on on IN 51242 626 13 minutiae minutia NNS 51242 626 14 of of IN 51242 626 15 design design NN 51242 626 16 , , , 51242 626 17 so so CC 51242 626 18 the the DT 51242 626 19 success success NN 51242 626 20 of of IN 51242 626 21 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 626 22 traction traction NN 51242 626 23 depends depend VBZ 51242 626 24 upon upon IN 51242 626 25 minutiae minutia NNS 51242 626 26 of of IN 51242 626 27 treatment treatment NN 51242 626 28 . . . 51242 627 1 Carelessness carelessness NN 51242 627 2 in in IN 51242 627 3 driving drive VBG 51242 627 4 the the DT 51242 627 5 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 627 6 and and CC 51242 627 7 in in IN 51242 627 8 handling handle VBG 51242 627 9 the the DT 51242 627 10 batteries battery NNS 51242 627 11 at at IN 51242 627 12 the the DT 51242 627 13 garage garage NN 51242 627 14 may may MD 51242 627 15 transform transform VB 51242 627 16 a a DT 51242 627 17 perfectly perfectly RB 51242 627 18 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 51242 627 19 mode mode NN 51242 627 20 of of IN 51242 627 21 city city NN 51242 627 22 transport transport NN 51242 627 23 into into IN 51242 627 24 an an DT 51242 627 25 extravagant extravagant JJ 51242 627 26 nuisance nuisance NN 51242 627 27 . . . 51242 628 1 Consequently consequently RB 51242 628 2 the the DT 51242 628 3 success success NN 51242 628 4 of of IN 51242 628 5 this this DT 51242 628 6 class class NN 51242 628 7 of of IN 51242 628 8 business business NN 51242 628 9 depends depend VBZ 51242 628 10 upon upon IN 51242 628 11 an an DT 51242 628 12 organisation organisation NN 51242 628 13 which which WDT 51242 628 14 permits permit VBZ 51242 628 15 of of IN 51242 628 16 constant constant JJ 51242 628 17 supervision supervision NN 51242 628 18 over over IN 51242 628 19 every every DT 51242 628 20 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 628 21 and and CC 51242 628 22 every every DT 51242 628 23 driver driver NN 51242 628 24 . . . 51242 629 1 A a DT 51242 629 2 good good JJ 51242 629 3 deal deal NN 51242 629 4 of of IN 51242 629 5 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 629 6 has have VBZ 51242 629 7 been be VBN 51242 629 8 exercised exercise VBN 51242 629 9 upon upon IN 51242 629 10 the the DT 51242 629 11 electrical electrical JJ 51242 629 12 equipment equipment NN 51242 629 13 of of IN 51242 629 14 broughams brougham NNS 51242 629 15 ; ; : 51242 629 16 and and CC 51242 629 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 629 18 is be VBZ 51242 629 19 probable probable JJ 51242 629 20 that that IN 51242 629 21 further further JJ 51242 629 22 improvements improvement NNS 51242 629 23 will will MD 51242 629 24 be be VB 51242 629 25 made make VBN 51242 629 26 . . . 51242 630 1 In in IN 51242 630 2 some some DT 51242 630 3 cases case NNS 51242 630 4 the the DT 51242 630 5 front front JJ 51242 630 6 axle axle NN 51242 630 7 is be VBZ 51242 630 8 driven drive VBN 51242 630 9 by by IN 51242 630 10 the the DT 51242 630 11 motor motor NN 51242 630 12 ; ; : 51242 630 13 in in IN 51242 630 14 some some DT 51242 630 15 cases case NNS 51242 630 16 the the DT 51242 630 17 back back JJ 51242 630 18 axle axle NN 51242 630 19 . . . 51242 631 1 The the DT 51242 631 2 earliest early JJS 51242 631 3 cars car NNS 51242 631 4 used use VBD 51242 631 5 toothed toothed JJ 51242 631 6 - - HYPH 51242 631 7 wheel wheel NN 51242 631 8 gearing gearing NN 51242 631 9 in in IN 51242 631 10 order order NN 51242 631 11 to to TO 51242 631 12 reduce reduce VB 51242 631 13 the the DT 51242 631 14 speed speed NN 51242 631 15 of of IN 51242 631 16 the the DT 51242 631 17 small small JJ 51242 631 18 fast fast RB 51242 631 19 - - HYPH 51242 631 20 running running NN 51242 631 21 motor motor NN 51242 631 22 . . . 51242 632 1 Improved improved JJ 51242 632 2 types type NNS 51242 632 3 on on IN 51242 632 4 this this DT 51242 632 5 principle principle NN 51242 632 6 still still RB 51242 632 7 exist exist VBP 51242 632 8 , , , 51242 632 9 but but CC 51242 632 10 there there EX 51242 632 11 are be VBP 51242 632 12 some some DT 51242 632 13 interesting interesting JJ 51242 632 14 forms form NNS 51242 632 15 in in IN 51242 632 16 which which WDT 51242 632 17 the the DT 51242 632 18 motors motor NNS 51242 632 19 are be VBP 51242 632 20 placed place VBN 51242 632 21 right right RB 51242 632 22 at at IN 51242 632 23 the the DT 51242 632 24 hub hub NN 51242 632 25 of of IN 51242 632 26 the the DT 51242 632 27 wheels wheel NNS 51242 632 28 and and CC 51242 632 29 effect effect NN 51242 632 30 speed speed NN 51242 632 31 reduction reduction NN 51242 632 32 and and CC 51242 632 33 control control NN 51242 632 34 by by IN 51242 632 35 electrical electrical JJ 51242 632 36 means mean NNS 51242 632 37 , , , 51242 632 38 without without IN 51242 632 39 any any DT 51242 632 40 intermediate intermediate JJ 51242 632 41 gearing gearing NN 51242 632 42 . . . 51242 633 1 In in IN 51242 633 2 addition addition NN 51242 633 3 to to IN 51242 633 4 these these DT 51242 633 5 improvements improvement NNS 51242 633 6 , , , 51242 633 7 the the DT 51242 633 8 storage storage NN 51242 633 9 battery battery NN 51242 633 10 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 633 11 has have VBZ 51242 633 12 made make VBN 51242 633 13 a a DT 51242 633 14 distinct distinct JJ 51242 633 15 advance advance NN 51242 633 16 in in IN 51242 633 17 design design NN 51242 633 18 and and CC 51242 633 19 construction construction NN 51242 633 20 . . . 51242 634 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 634 2 is be VBZ 51242 634 3 more more RBR 51242 634 4 efficient efficient JJ 51242 634 5 , , , 51242 634 6 more more RBR 51242 634 7 durable durable JJ 51242 634 8 , , , 51242 634 9 and and CC 51242 634 10 more more RBR 51242 634 11 reliable reliable JJ 51242 634 12 now now RB 51242 634 13 than than IN 51242 634 14 ever ever RB 51242 634 15 it -PRON- PRP 51242 634 16 was be VBD 51242 634 17 before before RB 51242 634 18 . . . 51242 635 1 The the DT 51242 635 2 closer close JJR 51242 635 3 attention attention NN 51242 635 4 given give VBN 51242 635 5 to to IN 51242 635 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 635 7 treatment treatment NN 51242 635 8 tends tend VBZ 51242 635 9 in in IN 51242 635 10 the the DT 51242 635 11 same same JJ 51242 635 12 direction direction NN 51242 635 13 ; ; : 51242 635 14 and and CC 51242 635 15 the the DT 51242 635 16 result result NN 51242 635 17 is be VBZ 51242 635 18 that that IN 51242 635 19 storage storage NN 51242 635 20 - - HYPH 51242 635 21 battery battery NN 51242 635 22 makers maker NNS 51242 635 23 and and CC 51242 635 24 engineers engineer NNS 51242 635 25 have have VBP 51242 635 26 a a DT 51242 635 27 very very RB 51242 635 28 accurate accurate JJ 51242 635 29 knowledge knowledge NN 51242 635 30 of of IN 51242 635 31 what what WP 51242 635 32 the the DT 51242 635 33 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 635 34 will will MD 51242 635 35 do do VB 51242 635 36 at at IN 51242 635 37 a a DT 51242 635 38 certain certain JJ 51242 635 39 cost cost NN 51242 635 40 under under IN 51242 635 41 certain certain JJ 51242 635 42 conditions condition NNS 51242 635 43 . . . 51242 636 1 The the DT 51242 636 2 conditions condition NNS 51242 636 3 being be VBG 51242 636 4 the the DT 51242 636 5 variable variable JJ 51242 636 6 factors factor NNS 51242 636 7 in in IN 51242 636 8 the the DT 51242 636 9 problem problem NN 51242 636 10 , , , 51242 636 11 and and CC 51242 636 12 being be VBG 51242 636 13 in in IN 51242 636 14 large large JJ 51242 636 15 measure measure NN 51242 636 16 determinable determinable JJ 51242 636 17 by by IN 51242 636 18 choice choice NN 51242 636 19 , , , 51242 636 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 636 21 is be VBZ 51242 636 22 rather rather RB 51242 636 23 remarkable remarkable JJ 51242 636 24 that that IN 51242 636 25 the the DT 51242 636 26 engineers engineer NNS 51242 636 27 and and CC 51242 636 28 financiers financier NNS 51242 636 29 should should MD 51242 636 30 have have VB 51242 636 31 selected select VBN 51242 636 32 , , , 51242 636 33 at at IN 51242 636 34 the the DT 51242 636 35 outset outset NN 51242 636 36 , , , 51242 636 37 the the DT 51242 636 38 very very JJ 51242 636 39 conditions condition NNS 51242 636 40 which which WDT 51242 636 41 were be VBD 51242 636 42 least least RBS 51242 636 43 suited suited JJ 51242 636 44 to to IN 51242 636 45 the the DT 51242 636 46 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 51242 636 47 of of IN 51242 636 48 the the DT 51242 636 49 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 636 50 . . . 51242 637 1 The the DT 51242 637 2 attempt attempt NN 51242 637 3 to to TO 51242 637 4 adapt adapt VB 51242 637 5 battery battery NN 51242 637 6 traction traction NN 51242 637 7 to to TO 51242 637 8 tramway tramway VB 51242 637 9 work work NN 51242 637 10 is be VBZ 51242 637 11 a a DT 51242 637 12 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 51242 637 13 case case NN 51242 637 14 in in IN 51242 637 15 point point NN 51242 637 16 , , , 51242 637 17 but but CC 51242 637 18 it -PRON- PRP 51242 637 19 is be VBZ 51242 637 20 not not RB 51242 637 21 perhaps perhaps RB 51242 637 22 so so RB 51242 637 23 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 51242 637 24 in in IN 51242 637 25 the the DT 51242 637 26 public public JJ 51242 637 27 memory memory NN 51242 637 28 as as IN 51242 637 29 the the DT 51242 637 30 efforts effort NNS 51242 637 31 to to TO 51242 637 32 organise organise VB 51242 637 33 electric electric JJ 51242 637 34 cab cab NN 51242 637 35 and and CC 51242 637 36 electric electric JJ 51242 637 37 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 637 38 services service NNS 51242 637 39 in in IN 51242 637 40 London London NNP 51242 637 41 and and CC 51242 637 42 elsewhere elsewhere RB 51242 637 43 . . . 51242 638 1 These these DT 51242 638 2 efforts effort NNS 51242 638 3 have have VBP 51242 638 4 been be VBN 51242 638 5 made make VBN 51242 638 6 so so RB 51242 638 7 often often RB 51242 638 8 and and CC 51242 638 9 failed fail VBD 51242 638 10 so so RB 51242 638 11 regularly regularly RB 51242 638 12 that that IN 51242 638 13 they -PRON- PRP 51242 638 14 have have VBP 51242 638 15 made make VBN 51242 638 16 it -PRON- PRP 51242 638 17 difficult difficult JJ 51242 638 18 to to TO 51242 638 19 obtain obtain VB 51242 638 20 capital capital NN 51242 638 21 for for IN 51242 638 22 any any DT 51242 638 23 form form NN 51242 638 24 of of IN 51242 638 25 electric electric JJ 51242 638 26 battery battery NN 51242 638 27 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 638 28 . . . 51242 639 1 The the DT 51242 639 2 electric electric JJ 51242 639 3 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 639 4 has have VBZ 51242 639 5 many many JJ 51242 639 6 of of IN 51242 639 7 the the DT 51242 639 8 drawbacks drawback NNS 51242 639 9 of of IN 51242 639 10 the the DT 51242 639 11 storage storage NN 51242 639 12 - - HYPH 51242 639 13 battery battery NN 51242 639 14 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 639 15 , , , 51242 639 16 but but CC 51242 639 17 they -PRON- PRP 51242 639 18 are be VBP 51242 639 19 not not RB 51242 639 20 so so RB 51242 639 21 serious serious JJ 51242 639 22 in in IN 51242 639 23 the the DT 51242 639 24 case case NN 51242 639 25 of of IN 51242 639 26 an an DT 51242 639 27 urban urban JJ 51242 639 28 service service NN 51242 639 29 , , , 51242 639 30 adequately adequately RB 51242 639 31 met meet VBN 51242 639 32 by by IN 51242 639 33 small small JJ 51242 639 34 cars car NNS 51242 639 35 running run VBG 51242 639 36 at at IN 51242 639 37 moderate moderate JJ 51242 639 38 speeds speed NNS 51242 639 39 on on IN 51242 639 40 short short JJ 51242 639 41 routes route NNS 51242 639 42 with with IN 51242 639 43 moderate moderate JJ 51242 639 44 gradients gradient NNS 51242 639 45 . . . 51242 640 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 640 2 is be VBZ 51242 640 3 possible possible JJ 51242 640 4 that that IN 51242 640 5 if if IN 51242 640 6 recent recent JJ 51242 640 7 metropolitan metropolitan JJ 51242 640 8 electric electric JJ 51242 640 9 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 640 10 enterprises enterprise NNS 51242 640 11 had have VBD 51242 640 12 been be VBN 51242 640 13 as as RB 51242 640 14 happy happy JJ 51242 640 15 in in IN 51242 640 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 640 17 finance finance NN 51242 640 18 as as IN 51242 640 19 in in IN 51242 640 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 640 21 engineering engineering NN 51242 640 22 , , , 51242 640 23 they -PRON- PRP 51242 640 24 would would MD 51242 640 25 have have VB 51242 640 26 succeeded succeed VBN 51242 640 27 well well RB 51242 640 28 enough enough RB 51242 640 29 . . . 51242 641 1 But but CC 51242 641 2 even even RB 51242 641 3 in in IN 51242 641 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 641 5 engineering engineering NN 51242 641 6 they -PRON- PRP 51242 641 7 had have VBD 51242 641 8 to to TO 51242 641 9 meet meet VB 51242 641 10 great great JJ 51242 641 11 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 641 12 . . . 51242 642 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 642 2 sought seek VBD 51242 642 3 to to TO 51242 642 4 protect protect VB 51242 642 5 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 642 6 against against IN 51242 642 7 excessive excessive JJ 51242 642 8 costs cost NNS 51242 642 9 by by IN 51242 642 10 entering enter VBG 51242 642 11 into into IN 51242 642 12 maintenance maintenance NN 51242 642 13 agreements agreement NNS 51242 642 14 with with IN 51242 642 15 the the DT 51242 642 16 makers maker NNS 51242 642 17 of of IN 51242 642 18 the the DT 51242 642 19 batteries battery NNS 51242 642 20 ; ; : 51242 642 21 and and CC 51242 642 22 although although IN 51242 642 23 the the DT 51242 642 24 terms term NNS 51242 642 25 of of IN 51242 642 26 these these DT 51242 642 27 agreements agreement NNS 51242 642 28 were be VBD 51242 642 29 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 51242 642 30 enough enough RB 51242 642 31 , , , 51242 642 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 642 33 validity validity NN 51242 642 34 depended depend VBD 51242 642 35 on on IN 51242 642 36 careful careful JJ 51242 642 37 treatment treatment NN 51242 642 38 of of IN 51242 642 39 the the DT 51242 642 40 batteries battery NNS 51242 642 41 by by IN 51242 642 42 the the DT 51242 642 43 drivers driver NNS 51242 642 44 of of IN 51242 642 45 the the DT 51242 642 46 cars car NNS 51242 642 47 -- -- : 51242 642 48 a a DT 51242 642 49 matter matter NN 51242 642 50 which which WDT 51242 642 51 it -PRON- PRP 51242 642 52 is be VBZ 51242 642 53 rather rather RB 51242 642 54 difficult difficult JJ 51242 642 55 to to TO 51242 642 56 guarantee guarantee VB 51242 642 57 . . . 51242 643 1 Moreover moreover RB 51242 643 2 , , , 51242 643 3 the the DT 51242 643 4 number number NN 51242 643 5 of of IN 51242 643 6 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 643 7 put put VBN 51242 643 8 on on IN 51242 643 9 the the DT 51242 643 10 road road NN 51242 643 11 was be VBD 51242 643 12 so so RB 51242 643 13 small small JJ 51242 643 14 that that IN 51242 643 15 the the DT 51242 643 16 garage garage NN 51242 643 17 costs cost NNS 51242 643 18 and and CC 51242 643 19 other other JJ 51242 643 20 standing standing NN 51242 643 21 charges charge NNS 51242 643 22 were be VBD 51242 643 23 proportionally proportionally RB 51242 643 24 very very RB 51242 643 25 heavy heavy JJ 51242 643 26 . . . 51242 644 1 With with IN 51242 644 2 a a DT 51242 644 3 larger large JJR 51242 644 4 fleet fleet NN 51242 644 5 and and CC 51242 644 6 with with IN 51242 644 7 efficient efficient JJ 51242 644 8 organisation organisation NN 51242 644 9 , , , 51242 644 10 much much RB 51242 644 11 better well JJR 51242 644 12 results result NNS 51242 644 13 might may MD 51242 644 14 have have VB 51242 644 15 been be VBN 51242 644 16 achieved achieve VBN 51242 644 17 in in IN 51242 644 18 spite spite NN 51242 644 19 of of IN 51242 644 20 the the DT 51242 644 21 inherent inherent JJ 51242 644 22 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 644 23 of of IN 51242 644 24 the the DT 51242 644 25 situation situation NN 51242 644 26 . . . 51242 645 1 Although although IN 51242 645 2 the the DT 51242 645 3 electric electric JJ 51242 645 4 cab cab NN 51242 645 5 has have VBZ 51242 645 6 the the DT 51242 645 7 advantage advantage NN 51242 645 8 of of IN 51242 645 9 being be VBG 51242 645 10 a a DT 51242 645 11 smaller small JJR 51242 645 12 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 645 13 and and CC 51242 645 14 therefore therefore RB 51242 645 15 more more RBR 51242 645 16 adapted adapted JJ 51242 645 17 to to IN 51242 645 18 economical economical JJ 51242 645 19 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 645 20 by by IN 51242 645 21 storage storage NN 51242 645 22 batteries battery NNS 51242 645 23 , , , 51242 645 24 the the DT 51242 645 25 conditions condition NNS 51242 645 26 of of IN 51242 645 27 the the DT 51242 645 28 cab cab NN 51242 645 29 service service NN 51242 645 30 are be VBP 51242 645 31 not not RB 51242 645 32 at at RB 51242 645 33 all all RB 51242 645 34 favourable favourable JJ 51242 645 35 to to IN 51242 645 36 the the DT 51242 645 37 system system NN 51242 645 38 . . . 51242 646 1 The the DT 51242 646 2 essential essential JJ 51242 646 3 feature feature NN 51242 646 4 of of IN 51242 646 5 a a DT 51242 646 6 cab cab NN 51242 646 7 is be VBZ 51242 646 8 that that IN 51242 646 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 646 10 should should MD 51242 646 11 be be VB 51242 646 12 available available JJ 51242 646 13 anywhere anywhere RB 51242 646 14 , , , 51242 646 15 to to TO 51242 646 16 go go VB 51242 646 17 anywhere anywhere RB 51242 646 18 at at IN 51242 646 19 a a DT 51242 646 20 moment moment NN 51242 646 21 's 's POS 51242 646 22 notice notice NN 51242 646 23 . . . 51242 647 1 An an DT 51242 647 2 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 647 3 - - HYPH 51242 647 4 driven drive VBN 51242 647 5 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 647 6 , , , 51242 647 7 on on IN 51242 647 8 the the DT 51242 647 9 other other JJ 51242 647 10 hand hand NN 51242 647 11 , , , 51242 647 12 is be VBZ 51242 647 13 tied tie VBN 51242 647 14 by by IN 51242 647 15 an an DT 51242 647 16 invisible invisible JJ 51242 647 17 cord cord NN 51242 647 18 to to IN 51242 647 19 the the DT 51242 647 20 charging charging NN 51242 647 21 station station NN 51242 647 22 . . . 51242 648 1 Even even RB 51242 648 2 if if IN 51242 648 3 charging charge VBG 51242 648 4 stations station NNS 51242 648 5 were be VBD 51242 648 6 multiplied multiply VBN 51242 648 7 enormously enormously RB 51242 648 8 , , , 51242 648 9 the the DT 51242 648 10 electric electric JJ 51242 648 11 cab cab NN 51242 648 12 would would MD 51242 648 13 have have VB 51242 648 14 no no DT 51242 648 15 real real JJ 51242 648 16 freedom freedom NN 51242 648 17 of of IN 51242 648 18 action action NN 51242 648 19 , , , 51242 648 20 since since IN 51242 648 21 several several JJ 51242 648 22 hours hour NNS 51242 648 23 are be VBP 51242 648 24 required require VBN 51242 648 25 for for IN 51242 648 26 the the DT 51242 648 27 process process NN 51242 648 28 of of IN 51242 648 29 re re NN 51242 648 30 - - JJ 51242 648 31 charging charging NN 51242 648 32 . . . 51242 649 1 We -PRON- PRP 51242 649 2 have have VBP 51242 649 3 only only RB 51242 649 4 to to TO 51242 649 5 compare compare VB 51242 649 6 the the DT 51242 649 7 limitations limitation NNS 51242 649 8 of of IN 51242 649 9 the the DT 51242 649 10 electric electric JJ 51242 649 11 cab cab NN 51242 649 12 with with IN 51242 649 13 the the DT 51242 649 14 freedom freedom NN 51242 649 15 of of IN 51242 649 16 the the DT 51242 649 17 petrol petrol NN 51242 649 18 cab cab NN 51242 649 19 ( ( -LRB- 51242 649 20 which which WDT 51242 649 21 can can MD 51242 649 22 renew renew VB 51242 649 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 649 24 supply supply NN 51242 649 25 of of IN 51242 649 26 petrol petrol NN 51242 649 27 in in IN 51242 649 28 a a DT 51242 649 29 minute minute NN 51242 649 30 or or CC 51242 649 31 two two CD 51242 649 32 at at IN 51242 649 33 any any DT 51242 649 34 motor motor NN 51242 649 35 depot depot NN 51242 649 36 ) ) -RRB- 51242 649 37 to to TO 51242 649 38 realise realise VB 51242 649 39 that that IN 51242 649 40 the the DT 51242 649 41 roving rove VBG 51242 649 42 commission commission NN 51242 649 43 is be VBZ 51242 649 44 not not RB 51242 649 45 at at RB 51242 649 46 all all RB 51242 649 47 suited suited JJ 51242 649 48 to to IN 51242 649 49 the the DT 51242 649 50 former former JJ 51242 649 51 . . . 51242 650 1 In in IN 51242 650 2 1899 1899 CD 51242 650 3 a a DT 51242 650 4 very very RB 51242 650 5 bold bold JJ 51242 650 6 effort effort NN 51242 650 7 was be VBD 51242 650 8 made make VBN 51242 650 9 to to TO 51242 650 10 establish establish VB 51242 650 11 an an DT 51242 650 12 electric electric JJ 51242 650 13 cab cab NN 51242 650 14 service service NN 51242 650 15 in in IN 51242 650 16 London London NNP 51242 650 17 . . . 51242 651 1 To to TO 51242 651 2 inaugurate inaugurate VB 51242 651 3 the the DT 51242 651 4 service service NN 51242 651 5 a a DT 51242 651 6 procession procession NN 51242 651 7 of of IN 51242 651 8 the the DT 51242 651 9 cabs cab NNS 51242 651 10 was be VBD 51242 651 11 formed form VBN 51242 651 12 , , , 51242 651 13 but but CC 51242 651 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 651 15 excited excite VBD 51242 651 16 more more JJR 51242 651 17 ridicule ridicule NN 51242 651 18 than than IN 51242 651 19 serious serious JJ 51242 651 20 interest interest NN 51242 651 21 . . . 51242 652 1 The the DT 51242 652 2 clumsy clumsy JJ 51242 652 3 appearance appearance NN 51242 652 4 of of IN 51242 652 5 the the DT 51242 652 6 cabs cab NNS 51242 652 7 was be VBD 51242 652 8 against against IN 51242 652 9 them -PRON- PRP 51242 652 10 ; ; : 51242 652 11 and and CC 51242 652 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 652 13 behaviour behaviour NN 51242 652 14 was be VBD 51242 652 15 not not RB 51242 652 16 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 51242 652 17 enough enough RB 51242 652 18 -- -- : 51242 652 19 as as IN 51242 652 20 to to IN 51242 652 21 speed speed NN 51242 652 22 and and CC 51242 652 23 reliability reliability NN 51242 652 24 -- -- : 51242 652 25 to to TO 51242 652 26 overcome overcome VB 51242 652 27 the the DT 51242 652 28 first first JJ 51242 652 29 unfavourable unfavourable JJ 51242 652 30 impressions impression NNS 51242 652 31 . . . 51242 653 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 653 2 soon soon RB 51242 653 3 disappeared disappear VBD 51242 653 4 , , , 51242 653 5 to to TO 51242 653 6 add add VB 51242 653 7 another another DT 51242 653 8 failure failure NN 51242 653 9 to to IN 51242 653 10 the the DT 51242 653 11 long long JJ 51242 653 12 list list NN 51242 653 13 of of IN 51242 653 14 disappointments disappointment NNS 51242 653 15 in in IN 51242 653 16 connection connection NN 51242 653 17 with with IN 51242 653 18 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 653 19 traction traction NN 51242 653 20 . . . 51242 654 1 The the DT 51242 654 2 private private JJ 51242 654 3 electric electric JJ 51242 654 4 automobile automobile NN 51242 654 5 remains remain VBZ 51242 654 6 , , , 51242 654 7 however however RB 51242 654 8 , , , 51242 654 9 because because IN 51242 654 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 654 11 has have VBZ 51242 654 12 been be VBN 51242 654 13 organised organise VBN 51242 654 14 under under IN 51242 654 15 conditions condition NNS 51242 654 16 which which WDT 51242 654 17 suit suit VBP 51242 654 18 the the DT 51242 654 19 peculiarities peculiarity NNS 51242 654 20 of of IN 51242 654 21 the the DT 51242 654 22 storage storage NN 51242 654 23 battery battery NN 51242 654 24 . . . 51242 655 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 655 2 survival survival NN 51242 655 3 , , , 51242 655 4 in in IN 51242 655 5 conjunction conjunction NN 51242 655 6 with with IN 51242 655 7 the the DT 51242 655 8 failure failure NN 51242 655 9 of of IN 51242 655 10 a a DT 51242 655 11 similar similar JJ 51242 655 12 means mean NNS 51242 655 13 of of IN 51242 655 14 transit transit NN 51242 655 15 for for IN 51242 655 16 tramway tramway NN 51242 655 17 , , , 51242 655 18 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 655 19 , , , 51242 655 20 and and CC 51242 655 21 public public JJ 51242 655 22 cab cab NN 51242 655 23 services service NNS 51242 655 24 , , , 51242 655 25 has have VBZ 51242 655 26 pointed point VBN 51242 655 27 to to IN 51242 655 28 another another DT 51242 655 29 direction direction NN 51242 655 30 in in IN 51242 655 31 which which WDT 51242 655 32 the the DT 51242 655 33 electric electric JJ 51242 655 34 automobile automobile NN 51242 655 35 should should MD 51242 655 36 be be VB 51242 655 37 a a DT 51242 655 38 commercial commercial JJ 51242 655 39 possibility possibility NN 51242 655 40 . . . 51242 656 1 That that RB 51242 656 2 is is RB 51242 656 3 , , , 51242 656 4 in in IN 51242 656 5 connection connection NN 51242 656 6 with with IN 51242 656 7 the the DT 51242 656 8 local local JJ 51242 656 9 distribution distribution NN 51242 656 10 of of IN 51242 656 11 goods good NNS 51242 656 12 from from IN 51242 656 13 large large JJ 51242 656 14 stores store NNS 51242 656 15 and and CC 51242 656 16 other other JJ 51242 656 17 centres centre NNS 51242 656 18 . . . 51242 657 1 The the DT 51242 657 2 United United NNP 51242 657 3 States States NNP 51242 657 4 have have VBP 51242 657 5 given give VBN 51242 657 6 a a DT 51242 657 7 very very RB 51242 657 8 distinct distinct JJ 51242 657 9 lead lead NN 51242 657 10 in in IN 51242 657 11 this this DT 51242 657 12 matter matter NN 51242 657 13 . . . 51242 658 1 In in IN 51242 658 2 New New NNP 51242 658 3 York York NNP 51242 658 4 , , , 51242 658 5 Chicago Chicago NNP 51242 658 6 , , , 51242 658 7 Washington Washington NNP 51242 658 8 , , , 51242 658 9 and and CC 51242 658 10 other other JJ 51242 658 11 large large JJ 51242 658 12 cities city NNS 51242 658 13 the the DT 51242 658 14 electric electric JJ 51242 658 15 automobile automobile NN 51242 658 16 for for IN 51242 658 17 private private JJ 51242 658 18 use use NN 51242 658 19 is be VBZ 51242 658 20 highly highly RB 51242 658 21 developed developed JJ 51242 658 22 and and CC 51242 658 23 there there EX 51242 658 24 is be VBZ 51242 658 25 also also RB 51242 658 26 an an DT 51242 658 27 extensive extensive JJ 51242 658 28 service service NN 51242 658 29 of of IN 51242 658 30 electric electric JJ 51242 658 31 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 658 32 ranging range VBG 51242 658 33 in in IN 51242 658 34 size size NN 51242 658 35 from from IN 51242 658 36 a a DT 51242 658 37 small small JJ 51242 658 38 parcels parcel NNS 51242 658 39 van van NNP 51242 658 40 to to IN 51242 658 41 a a DT 51242 658 42 large large JJ 51242 658 43 lorry lorry NN 51242 658 44 capable capable JJ 51242 658 45 of of IN 51242 658 46 carrying carry VBG 51242 658 47 loads load NNS 51242 658 48 up up RP 51242 658 49 to to IN 51242 658 50 several several JJ 51242 658 51 tons ton NNS 51242 658 52 . . . 51242 659 1 No no RB 51242 659 2 doubt doubt RB 51242 659 3 the the DT 51242 659 4 local local JJ 51242 659 5 cost cost NN 51242 659 6 of of IN 51242 659 7 other other JJ 51242 659 8 means mean NNS 51242 659 9 of of IN 51242 659 10 transport transport NN 51242 659 11 has have VBZ 51242 659 12 something something NN 51242 659 13 to to TO 51242 659 14 do do VB 51242 659 15 with with IN 51242 659 16 this this DT 51242 659 17 American american JJ 51242 659 18 development development NN 51242 659 19 , , , 51242 659 20 which which WDT 51242 659 21 has have VBZ 51242 659 22 , , , 51242 659 23 moreover moreover RB 51242 659 24 , , , 51242 659 25 been be VBN 51242 659 26 strongly strongly RB 51242 659 27 supported support VBN 51242 659 28 by by IN 51242 659 29 the the DT 51242 659 30 companies company NNS 51242 659 31 which which WDT 51242 659 32 supply supply VBP 51242 659 33 electricity electricity NN 51242 659 34 to to IN 51242 659 35 the the DT 51242 659 36 public public NN 51242 659 37 . . . 51242 660 1 But but CC 51242 660 2 the the DT 51242 660 3 fundamental fundamental JJ 51242 660 4 reason reason NN 51242 660 5 lies lie VBZ 51242 660 6 in in IN 51242 660 7 the the DT 51242 660 8 special special JJ 51242 660 9 character character NN 51242 660 10 of of IN 51242 660 11 the the DT 51242 660 12 service service NN 51242 660 13 demanded demand VBD 51242 660 14 . . . 51242 661 1 The the DT 51242 661 2 vans van NNS 51242 661 3 belonging belong VBG 51242 661 4 to to IN 51242 661 5 a a DT 51242 661 6 large large JJ 51242 661 7 store store NN 51242 661 8 all all DT 51242 661 9 start start VBP 51242 661 10 from from IN 51242 661 11 a a DT 51242 661 12 certain certain JJ 51242 661 13 point point NN 51242 661 14 and and CC 51242 661 15 return return VB 51242 661 16 to to IN 51242 661 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 661 18 after after IN 51242 661 19 journeys journey NNS 51242 661 20 of of IN 51242 661 21 limited limited JJ 51242 661 22 range range NN 51242 661 23 . . . 51242 662 1 Owing owe VBG 51242 662 2 to to IN 51242 662 3 the the DT 51242 662 4 period period NN 51242 662 5 occupied occupy VBN 51242 662 6 in in IN 51242 662 7 loading loading NN 51242 662 8 up up RP 51242 662 9 , , , 51242 662 10 and and CC 51242 662 11 also also RB 51242 662 12 to to IN 51242 662 13 the the DT 51242 662 14 pre pre JJ 51242 662 15 - - JJ 51242 662 16 determined determined JJ 51242 662 17 hours hour NNS 51242 662 18 of of IN 51242 662 19 most most JJS 51242 662 20 of of IN 51242 662 21 the the DT 51242 662 22 deliveries delivery NNS 51242 662 23 , , , 51242 662 24 there there EX 51242 662 25 is be VBZ 51242 662 26 no no DT 51242 662 27 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 662 28 about about IN 51242 662 29 affording afford VBG 51242 662 30 the the DT 51242 662 31 time time NN 51242 662 32 required require VBN 51242 662 33 for for IN 51242 662 34 re re VBG 51242 662 35 - - VBG 51242 662 36 charging charge VBG 51242 662 37 the the DT 51242 662 38 batteries battery NNS 51242 662 39 , , , 51242 662 40 or or CC 51242 662 41 in in IN 51242 662 42 arranging arrange VBG 51242 662 43 each each DT 51242 662 44 journey journey NN 51242 662 45 so so IN 51242 662 46 that that IN 51242 662 47 the the DT 51242 662 48 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 662 49 returns return VBZ 51242 662 50 before before IN 51242 662 51 the the DT 51242 662 52 batteries battery NNS 51242 662 53 are be VBP 51242 662 54 exhausted exhaust VBN 51242 662 55 . . . 51242 663 1 With with IN 51242 663 2 a a DT 51242 663 3 standardised standardised JJ 51242 663 4 fleet fleet NN 51242 663 5 of of IN 51242 663 6 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 663 7 , , , 51242 663 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 663 9 is be VBZ 51242 663 10 possible possible JJ 51242 663 11 to to TO 51242 663 12 remove remove VB 51242 663 13 the the DT 51242 663 14 discharged discharged JJ 51242 663 15 batteries battery NNS 51242 663 16 and and CC 51242 663 17 replace replace VB 51242 663 18 them -PRON- PRP 51242 663 19 with with IN 51242 663 20 charged charge VBN 51242 663 21 ones one NNS 51242 663 22 in in IN 51242 663 23 a a DT 51242 663 24 few few JJ 51242 663 25 minutes minute NNS 51242 663 26 . . . 51242 664 1 The the DT 51242 664 2 whole whole JJ 51242 664 3 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 664 4 , , , 51242 664 5 in in IN 51242 664 6 fact fact NN 51242 664 7 , , , 51242 664 8 is be VBZ 51242 664 9 like like IN 51242 664 10 a a DT 51242 664 11 private private JJ 51242 664 12 automobile automobile NN 51242 664 13 garage garage NN 51242 664 14 , , , 51242 664 15 with with IN 51242 664 16 the the DT 51242 664 17 advantage advantage NN 51242 664 18 that that IN 51242 664 19 the the DT 51242 664 20 probable probable JJ 51242 664 21 demand demand NN 51242 664 22 can can MD 51242 664 23 be be VB 51242 664 24 forecast forecast VBN 51242 664 25 with with IN 51242 664 26 a a DT 51242 664 27 somewhat somewhat RB 51242 664 28 greater great JJR 51242 664 29 degree degree NN 51242 664 30 of of IN 51242 664 31 certainty certainty NN 51242 664 32 . . . 51242 665 1 Steam steam NN 51242 665 2 and and CC 51242 665 3 petrol petrol NN 51242 665 4 - - HYPH 51242 665 5 driven drive VBN 51242 665 6 wagons wagon NNS 51242 665 7 run run VBP 51242 665 8 most most RBS 51242 665 9 economically economically RB 51242 665 10 on on IN 51242 665 11 long long JJ 51242 665 12 steady steady JJ 51242 665 13 journeys journey NNS 51242 665 14 at at IN 51242 665 15 fairly fairly RB 51242 665 16 high high JJ 51242 665 17 speeds speed NNS 51242 665 18 , , , 51242 665 19 and and CC 51242 665 20 the the DT 51242 665 21 electric electric JJ 51242 665 22 automobile automobile NN 51242 665 23 does do VBZ 51242 665 24 not not RB 51242 665 25 attempt attempt VB 51242 665 26 to to TO 51242 665 27 compete compete VB 51242 665 28 with with IN 51242 665 29 them -PRON- PRP 51242 665 30 on on IN 51242 665 31 these these DT 51242 665 32 lines line NNS 51242 665 33 . . . 51242 666 1 But but CC 51242 666 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 666 3 offers offer VBZ 51242 666 4 competition competition NN 51242 666 5 within within IN 51242 666 6 city city NN 51242 666 7 limits limit NNS 51242 666 8 for for IN 51242 666 9 door door NN 51242 666 10 - - HYPH 51242 666 11 to to IN 51242 666 12 - - HYPH 51242 666 13 door door NN 51242 666 14 delivery delivery NN 51242 666 15 ; ; : 51242 666 16 and and CC 51242 666 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 666 18 prospects prospect NNS 51242 666 19 are be VBP 51242 666 20 particularly particularly RB 51242 666 21 good good JJ 51242 666 22 for for IN 51242 666 23 light light JJ 51242 666 24 parcel parcel NN 51242 666 25 service service NN 51242 666 26 , , , 51242 666 27 where where WRB 51242 666 28 the the DT 51242 666 29 horse horse NN 51242 666 30 is be VBZ 51242 666 31 still still RB 51242 666 32 maintaining maintain VBG 51242 666 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 666 34 position position NN 51242 666 35 against against IN 51242 666 36 the the DT 51242 666 37 petrol petrol NN 51242 666 38 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 666 39 . . . 51242 667 1 The the DT 51242 667 2 advantages advantage NNS 51242 667 3 of of IN 51242 667 4 the the DT 51242 667 5 electric electric JJ 51242 667 6 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 667 7 in in IN 51242 667 8 neatness neatness NN 51242 667 9 and and CC 51242 667 10 noiselessness noiselessness NN 51242 667 11 will will MD 51242 667 12 certainly certainly RB 51242 667 13 secure secure VB 51242 667 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 667 15 success success NN 51242 667 16 if if IN 51242 667 17 the the DT 51242 667 18 cost cost NN 51242 667 19 can can MD 51242 667 20 be be VB 51242 667 21 proved prove VBN 51242 667 22 to to TO 51242 667 23 be be VB 51242 667 24 not not RB 51242 667 25 appreciably appreciably RB 51242 667 26 greater great JJR 51242 667 27 than than IN 51242 667 28 that that DT 51242 667 29 of of IN 51242 667 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 667 31 rivals rival NNS 51242 667 32 . . . 51242 668 1 Apart apart RB 51242 668 2 from from IN 51242 668 3 the the DT 51242 668 4 necessity necessity NN 51242 668 5 of of IN 51242 668 6 careful careful JJ 51242 668 7 organisation organisation NN 51242 668 8 , , , 51242 668 9 the the DT 51242 668 10 main main JJ 51242 668 11 essential essential NN 51242 668 12 of of IN 51242 668 13 success success NN 51242 668 14 in in IN 51242 668 15 electric electric JJ 51242 668 16 automobile automobile NN 51242 668 17 work work NN 51242 668 18 is be VBZ 51242 668 19 a a DT 51242 668 20 supply supply NN 51242 668 21 of of IN 51242 668 22 cheap cheap JJ 51242 668 23 electricity electricity NN 51242 668 24 . . . 51242 669 1 Owners owner NNS 51242 669 2 of of IN 51242 669 3 private private JJ 51242 669 4 electric electric JJ 51242 669 5 launches launch NNS 51242 669 6 have have VBP 51242 669 7 to to TO 51242 669 8 pay pay VB 51242 669 9 anything anything NN 51242 669 10 from from IN 51242 669 11 8_d 8_d CD 51242 669 12 . . . 51242 669 13 _ _ IN 51242 669 14 to to IN 51242 669 15 2_s 2_s CD 51242 669 16 . . . 51242 669 17 _ _ NNP 51242 669 18 6_d 6_d CD 51242 669 19 . . . 51242 669 20 _ _ NNP 51242 669 21 per per IN 51242 669 22 unit unit NN 51242 669 23 for for IN 51242 669 24 re re VBG 51242 669 25 - - VBG 51242 669 26 charging charge VBG 51242 669 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 669 28 batteries battery NNS 51242 669 29 , , , 51242 669 30 but but CC 51242 669 31 these these DT 51242 669 32 high high JJ 51242 669 33 prices price NNS 51242 669 34 are be VBP 51242 669 35 due due JJ 51242 669 36 to to IN 51242 669 37 the the DT 51242 669 38 intermittent intermittent JJ 51242 669 39 character character NN 51242 669 40 of of IN 51242 669 41 the the DT 51242 669 42 demand demand NN 51242 669 43 and and CC 51242 669 44 also also RB 51242 669 45 ( ( -LRB- 51242 669 46 in in IN 51242 669 47 some some DT 51242 669 48 cases case NNS 51242 669 49 ) ) -RRB- 51242 669 50 to to IN 51242 669 51 the the DT 51242 669 52 cost cost NN 51242 669 53 of of IN 51242 669 54 providing provide VBG 51242 669 55 machinery machinery NN 51242 669 56 to to TO 51242 669 57 supply supply VB 51242 669 58 current current JJ 51242 669 59 at at IN 51242 669 60 special special JJ 51242 669 61 pressures pressure NNS 51242 669 62 for for IN 51242 669 63 particular particular JJ 51242 669 64 launches launch NNS 51242 669 65 . . . 51242 670 1 An an DT 51242 670 2 electric electric JJ 51242 670 3 automobile automobile NN 51242 670 4 garage garage NN 51242 670 5 , , , 51242 670 6 situated situate VBD 51242 670 7 close close RB 51242 670 8 to to IN 51242 670 9 a a DT 51242 670 10 public public JJ 51242 670 11 generating generating NN 51242 670 12 station station NN 51242 670 13 and and CC 51242 670 14 offering offer VBG 51242 670 15 a a DT 51242 670 16 larger large JJR 51242 670 17 and and CC 51242 670 18 more more RBR 51242 670 19 regular regular JJ 51242 670 20 demand demand NN 51242 670 21 , , , 51242 670 22 will will MD 51242 670 23 of of IN 51242 670 24 course course RB 51242 670 25 obtain obtain VB 51242 670 26 current current JJ 51242 670 27 much much RB 51242 670 28 cheaper cheap JJR 51242 670 29 . . . 51242 671 1 And and CC 51242 671 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 671 3 is be VBZ 51242 671 4 possible possible JJ 51242 671 5 that that IN 51242 671 6 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 671 7 may may MD 51242 671 8 be be VB 51242 671 9 made make VBN 51242 671 10 for for IN 51242 671 11 supplying supply VBG 51242 671 12 electricity electricity NN 51242 671 13 to to IN 51242 671 14 automobiles automobile NNS 51242 671 15 at at IN 51242 671 16 a a DT 51242 671 17 much much RB 51242 671 18 lower low JJR 51242 671 19 rate rate NN 51242 671 20 even even RB 51242 671 21 than than IN 51242 671 22 that that DT 51242 671 23 customary customary NN 51242 671 24 for for IN 51242 671 25 general general JJ 51242 671 26 power power NN 51242 671 27 demands demand NNS 51242 671 28 . . . 51242 672 1 In in IN 51242 672 2 the the DT 51242 672 3 metropolitan metropolitan JJ 51242 672 4 borough borough NN 51242 672 5 of of IN 51242 672 6 Marylebone Marylebone NNP 51242 672 7 , , , 51242 672 8 for for IN 51242 672 9 instance instance NN 51242 672 10 , , , 51242 672 11 an an DT 51242 672 12 electric electric JJ 51242 672 13 garage garage NN 51242 672 14 may may MD 51242 672 15 obtain obtain VB 51242 672 16 current current JJ 51242 672 17 during during IN 51242 672 18 the the DT 51242 672 19 small small JJ 51242 672 20 hours hour NNS 51242 672 21 of of IN 51242 672 22 the the DT 51242 672 23 night night NN 51242 672 24 at at IN 51242 672 25 1/2_d 1/2_d CD 51242 672 26 . . . 51242 672 27 _ _ NNP 51242 672 28 per per IN 51242 672 29 unit unit NN 51242 672 30 , , , 51242 672 31 which which WDT 51242 672 32 is be VBZ 51242 672 33 half half PDT 51242 672 34 the the DT 51242 672 35 standard standard JJ 51242 672 36 rate rate NN 51242 672 37 for for IN 51242 672 38 power power NN 51242 672 39 purposes purpose NNS 51242 672 40 . . . 51242 673 1 This this DT 51242 673 2 low low JJ 51242 673 3 price price NN 51242 673 4 is be VBZ 51242 673 5 offered offer VBN 51242 673 6 because because IN 51242 673 7 there there EX 51242 673 8 is be VBZ 51242 673 9 otherwise otherwise RB 51242 673 10 practically practically RB 51242 673 11 no no DT 51242 673 12 demand demand NN 51242 673 13 at at RB 51242 673 14 all all RB 51242 673 15 for for IN 51242 673 16 electricity electricity NN 51242 673 17 during during IN 51242 673 18 these these DT 51242 673 19 hours hour NNS 51242 673 20 . . . 51242 674 1 If if IN 51242 674 2 , , , 51242 674 3 therefore therefore RB 51242 674 4 , , , 51242 674 5 a a DT 51242 674 6 garage garage NN 51242 674 7 arranges arrange NNS 51242 674 8 -- -- : 51242 674 9 and and CC 51242 674 10 the the DT 51242 674 11 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 674 12 is be VBZ 51242 674 13 quite quite RB 51242 674 14 feasible feasible JJ 51242 674 15 -- -- : 51242 674 16 to to TO 51242 674 17 charge charge VB 51242 674 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 674 19 batteries battery NNS 51242 674 20 overnight overnight RB 51242 674 21 , , , 51242 674 22 the the DT 51242 674 23 power power NN 51242 674 24 bill bill NN 51242 674 25 may may MD 51242 674 26 be be VB 51242 674 27 divided divide VBN 51242 674 28 by by IN 51242 674 29 two two CD 51242 674 30 . . . 51242 675 1 The the DT 51242 675 2 electric electric JJ 51242 675 3 automobile automobile NN 51242 675 4 has have VBZ 51242 675 5 been be VBN 51242 675 6 used use VBN 51242 675 7 to to IN 51242 675 8 some some DT 51242 675 9 extent extent NN 51242 675 10 as as IN 51242 675 11 a a DT 51242 675 12 touring tour VBG 51242 675 13 car car NN 51242 675 14 , , , 51242 675 15 but but CC 51242 675 16 although although IN 51242 675 17 journeys journey NNS 51242 675 18 up up RB 51242 675 19 to to TO 51242 675 20 100 100 CD 51242 675 21 miles mile NNS 51242 675 22 have have VBP 51242 675 23 been be VBN 51242 675 24 performed perform VBN 51242 675 25 on on IN 51242 675 26 a a DT 51242 675 27 single single JJ 51242 675 28 charge charge NN 51242 675 29 , , , 51242 675 30 the the DT 51242 675 31 time time NN 51242 675 32 occupied occupy VBN 51242 675 33 in in IN 51242 675 34 re re NN 51242 675 35 - - JJ 51242 675 36 charging charging NN 51242 675 37 , , , 51242 675 38 and and CC 51242 675 39 the the DT 51242 675 40 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 675 41 of of IN 51242 675 42 finding find VBG 51242 675 43 convenient convenient JJ 51242 675 44 charging charging NN 51242 675 45 stations station NNS 51242 675 46 , , , 51242 675 47 are be VBP 51242 675 48 fatal fatal JJ 51242 675 49 to to IN 51242 675 50 any any DT 51242 675 51 development development NN 51242 675 52 in in IN 51242 675 53 this this DT 51242 675 54 field field NN 51242 675 55 . . . 51242 676 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 676 2 XI XI NNP 51242 676 3 PETROL petrol NN 51242 676 4 - - : 51242 676 5 ELECTRIC electric NN 51242 676 6 VEHICLES vehicles NN 51242 676 7 AND and CC 51242 676 8 MAIN main JJ 51242 676 9 MARINE MARINE NNP 51242 676 10 PROPULSION propulsion VBP 51242 676 11 BY by IN 51242 676 12 ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY NNP 51242 676 13 Between between IN 51242 676 14 the the DT 51242 676 15 petrol petrol NN 51242 676 16 - - HYPH 51242 676 17 driven drive VBN 51242 676 18 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 676 19 and and CC 51242 676 20 the the DT 51242 676 21 electric electric JJ 51242 676 22 automobile automobile NN 51242 676 23 there there EX 51242 676 24 is be VBZ 51242 676 25 an an DT 51242 676 26 interesting interesting JJ 51242 676 27 series series NN 51242 676 28 of of IN 51242 676 29 links link NNS 51242 676 30 provided provide VBN 51242 676 31 by by IN 51242 676 32 ' ' `` 51242 676 33 petrol petrol NN 51242 676 34 - - HYPH 51242 676 35 electric electric JJ 51242 676 36 ' ' '' 51242 676 37 systems system NNS 51242 676 38 . . . 51242 677 1 At at IN 51242 677 2 one one CD 51242 677 3 end end NN 51242 677 4 of of IN 51242 677 5 the the DT 51242 677 6 chain chain NN 51242 677 7 , , , 51242 677 8 electricity electricity NN 51242 677 9 plays play VBZ 51242 677 10 an an DT 51242 677 11 important important JJ 51242 677 12 part part NN 51242 677 13 in in IN 51242 677 14 supplying supply VBG 51242 677 15 power power NN 51242 677 16 to to TO 51242 677 17 drive drive VB 51242 677 18 the the DT 51242 677 19 car car NN 51242 677 20 . . . 51242 678 1 At at IN 51242 678 2 the the DT 51242 678 3 other other JJ 51242 678 4 end end NN 51242 678 5 , , , 51242 678 6 electrical electrical JJ 51242 678 7 apparatus apparatus NN 51242 678 8 is be VBZ 51242 678 9 introduced introduce VBN 51242 678 10 merely merely RB 51242 678 11 as as IN 51242 678 12 a a DT 51242 678 13 form form NN 51242 678 14 of of IN 51242 678 15 transmission transmission NN 51242 678 16 gear gear NN 51242 678 17 between between IN 51242 678 18 the the DT 51242 678 19 petrol petrol NN 51242 678 20 engine engine NN 51242 678 21 and and CC 51242 678 22 the the DT 51242 678 23 driving driving NN 51242 678 24 axle axle NN 51242 678 25 . . . 51242 679 1 The the DT 51242 679 2 reason reason NN 51242 679 3 for for IN 51242 679 4 attempting attempt VBG 51242 679 5 the the DT 51242 679 6 petrol petrol NN 51242 679 7 - - HYPH 51242 679 8 electric electric JJ 51242 679 9 combination combination NN 51242 679 10 will will MD 51242 679 11 be be VB 51242 679 12 most most RBS 51242 679 13 readily readily RB 51242 679 14 understood understand VBN 51242 679 15 by by IN 51242 679 16 considering consider VBG 51242 679 17 the the DT 51242 679 18 latter latter JJ 51242 679 19 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 679 20 first first RB 51242 679 21 . . . 51242 680 1 The the DT 51242 680 2 petrol petrol NN 51242 680 3 engine engine NN 51242 680 4 is be VBZ 51242 680 5 a a DT 51242 680 6 high high JJ 51242 680 7 - - HYPH 51242 680 8 speed speed NN 51242 680 9 engine engine NN 51242 680 10 , , , 51242 680 11 capable capable JJ 51242 680 12 of of IN 51242 680 13 working work VBG 51242 680 14 most most RBS 51242 680 15 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 51242 680 16 when when WRB 51242 680 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 680 18 runs run VBZ 51242 680 19 at at IN 51242 680 20 a a DT 51242 680 21 uniform uniform JJ 51242 680 22 rate rate NN 51242 680 23 with with IN 51242 680 24 a a DT 51242 680 25 constant constant JJ 51242 680 26 load load NN 51242 680 27 . . . 51242 681 1 On on IN 51242 681 2 the the DT 51242 681 3 other other JJ 51242 681 4 hand hand NN 51242 681 5 , , , 51242 681 6 the the DT 51242 681 7 speed speed NN 51242 681 8 of of IN 51242 681 9 the the DT 51242 681 10 driving driving NN 51242 681 11 axle axle NN 51242 681 12 of of IN 51242 681 13 a a DT 51242 681 14 car car NN 51242 681 15 varies vary VBZ 51242 681 16 from from IN 51242 681 17 a a DT 51242 681 18 very very RB 51242 681 19 much much RB 51242 681 20 lower low JJR 51242 681 21 speed speed NN 51242 681 22 down down RP 51242 681 23 to to IN 51242 681 24 zero zero CD 51242 681 25 . . . 51242 682 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 682 2 is be VBZ 51242 682 3 therefore therefore RB 51242 682 4 necessary necessary JJ 51242 682 5 , , , 51242 682 6 when when WRB 51242 682 7 driving drive VBG 51242 682 8 a a DT 51242 682 9 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 682 10 with with IN 51242 682 11 a a DT 51242 682 12 petrol petrol NN 51242 682 13 engine engine NN 51242 682 14 , , , 51242 682 15 to to TO 51242 682 16 arrange arrange VB 51242 682 17 some some DT 51242 682 18 forms form NNS 51242 682 19 of of IN 51242 682 20 variable variable JJ 51242 682 21 speed speed NN 51242 682 22 - - HYPH 51242 682 23 reducing reduce VBG 51242 682 24 transmission transmission NN 51242 682 25 gear gear NN 51242 682 26 between between IN 51242 682 27 the the DT 51242 682 28 engine engine NN 51242 682 29 and and CC 51242 682 30 the the DT 51242 682 31 driving driving NN 51242 682 32 axle axle NN 51242 682 33 . . . 51242 683 1 The the DT 51242 683 2 problem problem NN 51242 683 3 is be VBZ 51242 683 4 further further RB 51242 683 5 complicated complicate VBN 51242 683 6 by by IN 51242 683 7 the the DT 51242 683 8 fact fact NN 51242 683 9 that that IN 51242 683 10 the the DT 51242 683 11 petrol petrol NN 51242 683 12 engine engine NN 51242 683 13 is be VBZ 51242 683 14 irreversible irreversible JJ 51242 683 15 , , , 51242 683 16 has have VBZ 51242 683 17 practically practically RB 51242 683 18 no no DT 51242 683 19 ' ' `` 51242 683 20 starting start VBG 51242 683 21 torque torque NN 51242 683 22 , , , 51242 683 23 ' ' '' 51242 683 24 and and CC 51242 683 25 has have VBZ 51242 683 26 a a DT 51242 683 27 very very RB 51242 683 28 slight slight JJ 51242 683 29 overload overload NN 51242 683 30 capacity capacity NN 51242 683 31 . . . 51242 684 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 684 2 has have VBZ 51242 684 3 to to TO 51242 684 4 be be VB 51242 684 5 started start VBN 51242 684 6 running run VBG 51242 684 7 ' ' `` 51242 684 8 light light NN 51242 684 9 ' ' '' 51242 684 10 and and CC 51242 684 11 then then RB 51242 684 12 switched switch VBD 51242 684 13 on on RP 51242 684 14 to to IN 51242 684 15 a a DT 51242 684 16 low low JJ 51242 684 17 gear gear NN 51242 684 18 which which WDT 51242 684 19 gives give VBZ 51242 684 20 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 684 21 power power NN 51242 684 22 to to TO 51242 684 23 overcome overcome VB 51242 684 24 the the DT 51242 684 25 inertia inertia NN 51242 684 26 of of IN 51242 684 27 the the DT 51242 684 28 car car NN 51242 684 29 . . . 51242 685 1 As as IN 51242 685 2 the the DT 51242 685 3 speed speed NN 51242 685 4 of of IN 51242 685 5 the the DT 51242 685 6 car car NN 51242 685 7 rises rise VBZ 51242 685 8 , , , 51242 685 9 there there EX 51242 685 10 have have VBP 51242 685 11 to to TO 51242 685 12 be be VB 51242 685 13 successive successive JJ 51242 685 14 changes change NNS 51242 685 15 of of IN 51242 685 16 gear gear NN 51242 685 17 . . . 51242 686 1 These these DT 51242 686 2 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 686 3 are be VBP 51242 686 4 , , , 51242 686 5 of of IN 51242 686 6 course course NN 51242 686 7 , , , 51242 686 8 accentuated accentuate VBN 51242 686 9 when when WRB 51242 686 10 dealing deal VBG 51242 686 11 with with IN 51242 686 12 the the DT 51242 686 13 heavy heavy JJ 51242 686 14 weight weight NN 51242 686 15 of of IN 51242 686 16 an an DT 51242 686 17 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 686 18 . . . 51242 687 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 687 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 687 3 : : : 51242 687 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 687 5 . . . 51242 688 1 9 9 CD 51242 688 2 . . . 51242 689 1 Elevation elevation NN 51242 689 2 and and CC 51242 689 3 plan plan NN 51242 689 4 of of IN 51242 689 5 a a DT 51242 689 6 petrol petrol NN 51242 689 7 - - HYPH 51242 689 8 electric electric JJ 51242 689 9 motor motor NN 51242 689 10 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 689 11 equipped equip VBN 51242 689 12 by by IN 51242 689 13 W. W. NNP 51242 689 14 A. A. NNP 51242 689 15 Stevens Stevens NNP 51242 689 16 , , , 51242 689 17 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 51242 690 1 Directly directly RB 51242 690 2 behind behind IN 51242 690 3 the the DT 51242 690 4 front front JJ 51242 690 5 wheels wheel NNS 51242 690 6 is be VBZ 51242 690 7 the the DT 51242 690 8 petrol petrol NN 51242 690 9 engine engine NN 51242 690 10 , , , 51242 690 11 driving drive VBG 51242 690 12 a a DT 51242 690 13 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 690 14 through through IN 51242 690 15 a a DT 51242 690 16 flexible flexible JJ 51242 690 17 coupling coupling NN 51242 690 18 . . . 51242 691 1 The the DT 51242 691 2 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 691 3 supplies supply VBZ 51242 691 4 current current JJ 51242 691 5 to to IN 51242 691 6 the the DT 51242 691 7 motor motor NN 51242 691 8 directly directly RB 51242 691 9 behind behind IN 51242 691 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 691 11 ; ; : 51242 691 12 and and CC 51242 691 13 the the DT 51242 691 14 motor motor NN 51242 691 15 drives drive VBZ 51242 691 16 the the DT 51242 691 17 rear rear JJ 51242 691 18 wheels wheel NNS 51242 691 19 through through IN 51242 691 20 a a DT 51242 691 21 cardan cardan NN 51242 691 22 shaft shaft NN 51242 691 23 . . . 51242 692 1 The the DT 51242 692 2 transmission transmission NN 51242 692 3 of of IN 51242 692 4 power power NN 51242 692 5 between between IN 51242 692 6 the the DT 51242 692 7 engine engine NN 51242 692 8 and and CC 51242 692 9 the the DT 51242 692 10 shaft shaft NN 51242 692 11 is be VBZ 51242 692 12 electrical electrical JJ 51242 692 13 at at IN 51242 692 14 all all DT 51242 692 15 speeds speed NNS 51242 692 16 . . . 51242 692 17 ] ] -RRB- 51242 693 1 Practically practically RB 51242 693 2 all all PDT 51242 693 3 the the DT 51242 693 4 troubles trouble NNS 51242 693 5 with with IN 51242 693 6 petrol petrol NN 51242 693 7 motor motor NN 51242 693 8 omnibuses omnibus NNS 51242 693 9 have have VBP 51242 693 10 resided reside VBN 51242 693 11 in in IN 51242 693 12 the the DT 51242 693 13 gear gear NN 51242 693 14 ; ; : 51242 693 15 and and CC 51242 693 16 even even RB 51242 693 17 the the DT 51242 693 18 most most RBS 51242 693 19 ardent ardent JJ 51242 693 20 enthusiast enthusiast NN 51242 693 21 for for IN 51242 693 22 the the DT 51242 693 23 all all RB 51242 693 24 - - HYPH 51242 693 25 electric electric JJ 51242 693 26 faith faith NN 51242 693 27 must must MD 51242 693 28 admit admit VB 51242 693 29 that that IN 51242 693 30 the the DT 51242 693 31 motor motor NN 51242 693 32 engineer engineer NN 51242 693 33 has have VBZ 51242 693 34 overcome overcome VBN 51242 693 35 these these DT 51242 693 36 troubles trouble NNS 51242 693 37 ( ( -LRB- 51242 693 38 in in IN 51242 693 39 great great JJ 51242 693 40 part part NN 51242 693 41 if if IN 51242 693 42 not not RB 51242 693 43 wholly wholly RB 51242 693 44 ) ) -RRB- 51242 693 45 with with IN 51242 693 46 remarkable remarkable JJ 51242 693 47 skill skill NN 51242 693 48 and and CC 51242 693 49 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 693 50 . . . 51242 694 1 But but CC 51242 694 2 the the DT 51242 694 3 complications complication NNS 51242 694 4 of of IN 51242 694 5 an an DT 51242 694 6 adjustable adjustable JJ 51242 694 7 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 694 8 bridge bridge NN 51242 694 9 between between IN 51242 694 10 a a DT 51242 694 11 high high JJ 51242 694 12 - - HYPH 51242 694 13 speed speed NN 51242 694 14 engine engine NN 51242 694 15 and and CC 51242 694 16 a a DT 51242 694 17 varying vary VBG 51242 694 18 low low JJ 51242 694 19 - - HYPH 51242 694 20 speed speed NN 51242 694 21 axle axle NN 51242 694 22 are be VBP 51242 694 23 so so RB 51242 694 24 great great JJ 51242 694 25 that that IN 51242 694 26 an an DT 51242 694 27 electrical electrical JJ 51242 694 28 bridge bridge NN 51242 694 29 was be VBD 51242 694 30 proposed propose VBN 51242 694 31 as as IN 51242 694 32 a a DT 51242 694 33 substitute substitute NN 51242 694 34 . . . 51242 695 1 By by IN 51242 695 2 coupling couple VBG 51242 695 3 the the DT 51242 695 4 engine engine NN 51242 695 5 direct direct JJ 51242 695 6 to to IN 51242 695 7 a a DT 51242 695 8 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 695 9 and and CC 51242 695 10 by by IN 51242 695 11 using use VBG 51242 695 12 the the DT 51242 695 13 current current NN 51242 695 14 so so RB 51242 695 15 generated generate VBN 51242 695 16 to to TO 51242 695 17 drive drive VB 51242 695 18 variable variable JJ 51242 695 19 - - HYPH 51242 695 20 speed speed NN 51242 695 21 motors motor NNS 51242 695 22 geared gear VBN 51242 695 23 to to IN 51242 695 24 the the DT 51242 695 25 driving driving NN 51242 695 26 axle axle NN 51242 695 27 , , , 51242 695 28 the the DT 51242 695 29 electrical electrical JJ 51242 695 30 engineer engineer NN 51242 695 31 hoped hope VBD 51242 695 32 to to TO 51242 695 33 get get VB 51242 695 34 better well JJR 51242 695 35 working working NN 51242 695 36 results result NNS 51242 695 37 from from IN 51242 695 38 the the DT 51242 695 39 petrol petrol NN 51242 695 40 motor motor NN 51242 695 41 than than IN 51242 695 42 could could MD 51242 695 43 be be VB 51242 695 44 obtained obtain VBN 51242 695 45 with with IN 51242 695 46 any any DT 51242 695 47 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 695 48 transmission transmission NN 51242 695 49 gear gear NN 51242 695 50 . . . 51242 696 1 The the DT 51242 696 2 most most RBS 51242 696 3 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 51242 696 4 advantage advantage NN 51242 696 5 , , , 51242 696 6 apart apart RB 51242 696 7 from from IN 51242 696 8 the the DT 51242 696 9 quietness quietness NN 51242 696 10 of of IN 51242 696 11 running run VBG 51242 696 12 at at IN 51242 696 13 all all DT 51242 696 14 speeds speed NNS 51242 696 15 , , , 51242 696 16 lies lie VBZ 51242 696 17 in in IN 51242 696 18 the the DT 51242 696 19 ease ease NN 51242 696 20 and and CC 51242 696 21 smoothness smoothness NN 51242 696 22 with with IN 51242 696 23 which which WDT 51242 696 24 the the DT 51242 696 25 petrol petrol NN 51242 696 26 - - HYPH 51242 696 27 electric electric JJ 51242 696 28 motor motor NN 51242 696 29 can can MD 51242 696 30 start start VB 51242 696 31 and and CC 51242 696 32 gain gain VB 51242 696 33 speed speed NN 51242 696 34 . . . 51242 697 1 In in IN 51242 697 2 this this DT 51242 697 3 respect respect NN 51242 697 4 the the DT 51242 697 5 combination combination NN 51242 697 6 system system NN 51242 697 7 is be VBZ 51242 697 8 practically practically RB 51242 697 9 on on IN 51242 697 10 the the DT 51242 697 11 same same JJ 51242 697 12 level level NN 51242 697 13 as as IN 51242 697 14 ( ( -LRB- 51242 697 15 or or CC 51242 697 16 even even RB 51242 697 17 superior superior JJ 51242 697 18 to to IN 51242 697 19 ) ) -RRB- 51242 697 20 the the DT 51242 697 21 electric electric JJ 51242 697 22 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 697 23 or or CC 51242 697 24 the the DT 51242 697 25 electric electric JJ 51242 697 26 automobile automobile NN 51242 697 27 . . . 51242 698 1 There there EX 51242 698 2 is be VBZ 51242 698 3 an an DT 51242 698 4 entire entire JJ 51242 698 5 absence absence NN 51242 698 6 of of IN 51242 698 7 the the DT 51242 698 8 jerks jerk NNS 51242 698 9 and and CC 51242 698 10 jarring jarring NNP 51242 698 11 noises noise NNS 51242 698 12 which which WDT 51242 698 13 usually usually RB 51242 698 14 accompany accompany VBP 51242 698 15 the the DT 51242 698 16 starting starting NN 51242 698 17 of of IN 51242 698 18 a a DT 51242 698 19 motor motor NN 51242 698 20 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 698 21 . . . 51242 699 1 The the DT 51242 699 2 same same JJ 51242 699 3 facility facility NN 51242 699 4 of of IN 51242 699 5 control control NN 51242 699 6 is be VBZ 51242 699 7 of of IN 51242 699 8 advantage advantage NN 51242 699 9 in in IN 51242 699 10 adjusting adjust VBG 51242 699 11 speed speed NN 51242 699 12 to to TO 51242 699 13 suit suit VB 51242 699 14 the the DT 51242 699 15 other other JJ 51242 699 16 traffic traffic NN 51242 699 17 on on IN 51242 699 18 the the DT 51242 699 19 road road NN 51242 699 20 , , , 51242 699 21 and and CC 51242 699 22 also also RB 51242 699 23 in in IN 51242 699 24 negotiating negotiate VBG 51242 699 25 hills hill NNS 51242 699 26 . . . 51242 700 1 In in IN 51242 700 2 one one CD 51242 700 3 class class NN 51242 700 4 of of IN 51242 700 5 petrol petrol NN 51242 700 6 - - HYPH 51242 700 7 electric electric JJ 51242 700 8 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 700 9 the the DT 51242 700 10 electric electric JJ 51242 700 11 transmission transmission NN 51242 700 12 gear gear NN 51242 700 13 is be VBZ 51242 700 14 continuously continuously RB 51242 700 15 used use VBN 51242 700 16 . . . 51242 701 1 In in IN 51242 701 2 another another DT 51242 701 3 , , , 51242 701 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 701 5 is be VBZ 51242 701 6 used use VBN 51242 701 7 at at IN 51242 701 8 all all DT 51242 701 9 speeds speed NNS 51242 701 10 except except IN 51242 701 11 the the DT 51242 701 12 highest high JJS 51242 701 13 , , , 51242 701 14 when when WRB 51242 701 15 the the DT 51242 701 16 engine engine NN 51242 701 17 is be VBZ 51242 701 18 coupled couple VBN 51242 701 19 directly directly RB 51242 701 20 ( ( -LRB- 51242 701 21 by by IN 51242 701 22 a a DT 51242 701 23 magnetic magnetic JJ 51242 701 24 clutch clutch NN 51242 701 25 ) ) -RRB- 51242 701 26 to to IN 51242 701 27 a a DT 51242 701 28 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 701 29 driving driving NN 51242 701 30 gear gear NN 51242 701 31 . . . 51242 702 1 In in IN 51242 702 2 a a DT 51242 702 3 third third JJ 51242 702 4 class class NN 51242 702 5 the the DT 51242 702 6 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 702 7 is be VBZ 51242 702 8 more more RBR 51242 702 9 complicated complicated JJ 51242 702 10 , , , 51242 702 11 as as IN 51242 702 12 it -PRON- PRP 51242 702 13 involves involve VBZ 51242 702 14 the the DT 51242 702 15 use use NN 51242 702 16 of of IN 51242 702 17 storage storage NN 51242 702 18 batteries battery NNS 51242 702 19 as as IN 51242 702 20 an an DT 51242 702 21 auxiliary auxiliary NN 51242 702 22 to to IN 51242 702 23 the the DT 51242 702 24 power power NN 51242 702 25 provided provide VBN 51242 702 26 directly directly RB 51242 702 27 by by IN 51242 702 28 the the DT 51242 702 29 petrol petrol NN 51242 702 30 engine engine NN 51242 702 31 . . . 51242 703 1 The the DT 51242 703 2 Fischer Fischer NNP 51242 703 3 type type NN 51242 703 4 of of IN 51242 703 5 petrol petrol NN 51242 703 6 - - HYPH 51242 703 7 electric electric NN 51242 703 8 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 703 9 uses use VBZ 51242 703 10 electric electric JJ 51242 703 11 transmission transmission NN 51242 703 12 solely solely RB 51242 703 13 and and CC 51242 703 14 has have VBZ 51242 703 15 a a DT 51242 703 16 fairly fairly RB 51242 703 17 large large JJ 51242 703 18 battery battery NN 51242 703 19 to to TO 51242 703 20 supplement supplement VB 51242 703 21 the the DT 51242 703 22 engine engine NN 51242 703 23 - - HYPH 51242 703 24 produced produce VBN 51242 703 25 current current JJ 51242 703 26 when when WRB 51242 703 27 steep steep JJ 51242 703 28 hills hill NNS 51242 703 29 are be VBP 51242 703 30 being be VBG 51242 703 31 negotiated negotiate VBN 51242 703 32 . . . 51242 704 1 At at IN 51242 704 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 704 3 speeds speed NNS 51242 704 4 on on IN 51242 704 5 level level NN 51242 704 6 roads road NNS 51242 704 7 the the DT 51242 704 8 surplus surplus NN 51242 704 9 power power NN 51242 704 10 produced produce VBN 51242 704 11 by by IN 51242 704 12 the the DT 51242 704 13 engine engine NN 51242 704 14 goes go VBZ 51242 704 15 to to TO 51242 704 16 charge charge VB 51242 704 17 the the DT 51242 704 18 battery battery NN 51242 704 19 . . . 51242 705 1 The the DT 51242 705 2 ' ' `` 51242 705 3 Automixte Automixte NNP 51242 705 4 ' ' '' 51242 705 5 type type NN 51242 705 6 is be VBZ 51242 705 7 peculiar peculiar JJ 51242 705 8 in in IN 51242 705 9 using use VBG 51242 705 10 the the DT 51242 705 11 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 705 12 transmission transmission NN 51242 705 13 gear gear NN 51242 705 14 all all PDT 51242 705 15 the the DT 51242 705 16 time time NN 51242 705 17 . . . 51242 706 1 The the DT 51242 706 2 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 706 3 coupled couple VBN 51242 706 4 to to IN 51242 706 5 the the DT 51242 706 6 engine engine NN 51242 706 7 supplies supply NNS 51242 706 8 current current JJ 51242 706 9 to to IN 51242 706 10 a a DT 51242 706 11 small small JJ 51242 706 12 battery battery NN 51242 706 13 when when WRB 51242 706 14 surplus surplus NN 51242 706 15 power power NN 51242 706 16 is be VBZ 51242 706 17 available available JJ 51242 706 18 ; ; : 51242 706 19 the the DT 51242 706 20 same same JJ 51242 706 21 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 706 22 may may MD 51242 706 23 be be VB 51242 706 24 driven drive VBN 51242 706 25 as as IN 51242 706 26 a a DT 51242 706 27 motor motor NN 51242 706 28 by by IN 51242 706 29 current current NN 51242 706 30 from from IN 51242 706 31 the the DT 51242 706 32 battery battery NN 51242 706 33 when when WRB 51242 706 34 such such JJ 51242 706 35 assistance assistance NN 51242 706 36 is be VBZ 51242 706 37 wanted want VBN 51242 706 38 at at IN 51242 706 39 starting start VBG 51242 706 40 or or CC 51242 706 41 on on IN 51242 706 42 steep steep JJ 51242 706 43 hills hill NNS 51242 706 44 . . . 51242 707 1 The the DT 51242 707 2 electric electric JJ 51242 707 3 part part NN 51242 707 4 of of IN 51242 707 5 the the DT 51242 707 6 equipment equipment NN 51242 707 7 thus thus RB 51242 707 8 acts act VBZ 51242 707 9 first first RB 51242 707 10 as as IN 51242 707 11 a a DT 51242 707 12 generator generator NN 51242 707 13 and and CC 51242 707 14 then then RB 51242 707 15 as as IN 51242 707 16 a a DT 51242 707 17 motor motor NN 51242 707 18 , , , 51242 707 19 the the DT 51242 707 20 change change NN 51242 707 21 taking take VBG 51242 707 22 place place NN 51242 707 23 automatically automatically RB 51242 707 24 . . . 51242 708 1 These these DT 51242 708 2 different different JJ 51242 708 3 petrol petrol NN 51242 708 4 - - HYPH 51242 708 5 electric electric JJ 51242 708 6 devices device NNS 51242 708 7 are be VBP 51242 708 8 very very RB 51242 708 9 attractive attractive JJ 51242 708 10 from from IN 51242 708 11 the the DT 51242 708 12 engineering engineering NN 51242 708 13 point point NN 51242 708 14 of of IN 51242 708 15 view view NN 51242 708 16 , , , 51242 708 17 but but CC 51242 708 18 at at IN 51242 708 19 the the DT 51242 708 20 present present JJ 51242 708 21 time time NN 51242 708 22 it -PRON- PRP 51242 708 23 is be VBZ 51242 708 24 uncertain uncertain JJ 51242 708 25 whether whether IN 51242 708 26 they -PRON- PRP 51242 708 27 will will MD 51242 708 28 realise realise VB 51242 708 29 the the DT 51242 708 30 hopes hope NNS 51242 708 31 of of IN 51242 708 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 708 33 inventors inventor NNS 51242 708 34 . . . 51242 709 1 The the DT 51242 709 2 additional additional JJ 51242 709 3 weight weight NN 51242 709 4 of of IN 51242 709 5 the the DT 51242 709 6 electric electric JJ 51242 709 7 equipment equipment NN 51242 709 8 is be VBZ 51242 709 9 against against IN 51242 709 10 them -PRON- PRP 51242 709 11 ; ; : 51242 709 12 and and CC 51242 709 13 in in IN 51242 709 14 some some DT 51242 709 15 cases case NNS 51242 709 16 there there EX 51242 709 17 appears appear VBZ 51242 709 18 to to TO 51242 709 19 be be VB 51242 709 20 a a DT 51242 709 21 lower low JJR 51242 709 22 all all DT 51242 709 23 - - HYPH 51242 709 24 round round JJ 51242 709 25 efficiency efficiency NN 51242 709 26 . . . 51242 710 1 So so RB 51242 710 2 that that IN 51242 710 3 the the DT 51242 710 4 motor motor NN 51242 710 5 - - HYPH 51242 710 6 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 710 7 world world NN 51242 710 8 , , , 51242 710 9 as as IN 51242 710 10 a a DT 51242 710 11 whole whole NN 51242 710 12 , , , 51242 710 13 continues continue VBZ 51242 710 14 to to TO 51242 710 15 fix fix VB 51242 710 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 710 17 faith faith NN 51242 710 18 upon upon IN 51242 710 19 the the DT 51242 710 20 improved improved JJ 51242 710 21 forms form NNS 51242 710 22 of of IN 51242 710 23 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 710 24 transmission transmission NN 51242 710 25 . . . 51242 711 1 The the DT 51242 711 2 underlying underlie VBG 51242 711 3 idea idea NN 51242 711 4 of of IN 51242 711 5 the the DT 51242 711 6 petrol petrol NN 51242 711 7 - - HYPH 51242 711 8 electric electric JJ 51242 711 9 system system NN 51242 711 10 has have VBZ 51242 711 11 , , , 51242 711 12 however however RB 51242 711 13 , , , 51242 711 14 been be VBN 51242 711 15 suggested suggest VBN 51242 711 16 for for IN 51242 711 17 marine marine JJ 51242 711 18 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 711 19 with with IN 51242 711 20 a a DT 51242 711 21 somewhat somewhat RB 51242 711 22 better well JJR 51242 711 23 prospect prospect NN 51242 711 24 of of IN 51242 711 25 success success NN 51242 711 26 . . . 51242 712 1 There there EX 51242 712 2 is be VBZ 51242 712 3 a a DT 51242 712 4 partial partial JJ 51242 712 5 analogy analogy NN 51242 712 6 between between IN 51242 712 7 the the DT 51242 712 8 conditions condition NNS 51242 712 9 of of IN 51242 712 10 motor motor NN 51242 712 11 omnibus omnibus NNP 51242 712 12 working working NN 51242 712 13 and and CC 51242 712 14 of of IN 51242 712 15 ship ship NN 51242 712 16 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 712 17 with with IN 51242 712 18 turbines turbine NNS 51242 712 19 . . . 51242 713 1 The the DT 51242 713 2 steam steam NN 51242 713 3 turbine turbine NN 51242 713 4 is be VBZ 51242 713 5 , , , 51242 713 6 like like IN 51242 713 7 the the DT 51242 713 8 petrol petrol NN 51242 713 9 engine engine NN 51242 713 10 , , , 51242 713 11 essentially essentially RB 51242 713 12 a a DT 51242 713 13 high high JJ 51242 713 14 - - HYPH 51242 713 15 speed speed NN 51242 713 16 machine machine NN 51242 713 17 . . . 51242 714 1 The the DT 51242 714 2 screw screw NN 51242 714 3 propeller propeller NN 51242 714 4 , , , 51242 714 5 on on IN 51242 714 6 the the DT 51242 714 7 other other JJ 51242 714 8 hand hand NN 51242 714 9 , , , 51242 714 10 works work VBZ 51242 714 11 most most RBS 51242 714 12 efficiently efficiently RB 51242 714 13 at at IN 51242 714 14 low low JJ 51242 714 15 speeds speed NNS 51242 714 16 . . . 51242 715 1 Therefore therefore RB 51242 715 2 the the DT 51242 715 3 marine marine JJ 51242 715 4 engineer engineer NN 51242 715 5 has have VBZ 51242 715 6 to to TO 51242 715 7 try try VB 51242 715 8 and and CC 51242 715 9 find find VB 51242 715 10 some some DT 51242 715 11 common common JJ 51242 715 12 denominator denominator NN 51242 715 13 between between IN 51242 715 14 an an DT 51242 715 15 engine engine NN 51242 715 16 which which WDT 51242 715 17 runs run VBZ 51242 715 18 most most RBS 51242 715 19 efficiently efficiently RB 51242 715 20 at at IN 51242 715 21 high high JJ 51242 715 22 speeds speed NNS 51242 715 23 and and CC 51242 715 24 a a DT 51242 715 25 propeller propeller NN 51242 715 26 which which WDT 51242 715 27 is be VBZ 51242 715 28 at at IN 51242 715 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 715 30 best good JJS 51242 715 31 when when WRB 51242 715 32 revolving revolve VBG 51242 715 33 comparatively comparatively RB 51242 715 34 slowly slowly RB 51242 715 35 . . . 51242 716 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 716 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 716 3 : : : 51242 716 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 716 5 . . . 51242 717 1 10 10 CD 51242 717 2 . . . 51242 718 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 51242 718 2 section section NN 51242 718 3 of of IN 51242 718 4 a a DT 51242 718 5 steamship steamship NN 51242 718 6 which which WDT 51242 718 7 has have VBZ 51242 718 8 been be VBN 51242 718 9 ' ' `` 51242 718 10 converted convert VBN 51242 718 11 ' ' '' 51242 718 12 from from IN 51242 718 13 the the DT 51242 718 14 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 718 15 method method NN 51242 718 16 of of IN 51242 718 17 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 718 18 to to IN 51242 718 19 the the DT 51242 718 20 ' ' `` 51242 718 21 Paragon Paragon NNP 51242 718 22 ' ' '' 51242 718 23 system system NN 51242 718 24 of of IN 51242 718 25 electric electric JJ 51242 718 26 main main JJ 51242 718 27 marine marine JJ 51242 718 28 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 718 29 . . . 51242 719 1 The the DT 51242 719 2 reciprocating reciprocate VBG 51242 719 3 engine engine NN 51242 719 4 has have VBZ 51242 719 5 been be VBN 51242 719 6 replaced replace VBN 51242 719 7 by by IN 51242 719 8 a a DT 51242 719 9 steam steam NN 51242 719 10 turbine turbine NN 51242 719 11 , , , 51242 719 12 coupled couple VBN 51242 719 13 direct direct RB 51242 719 14 to to IN 51242 719 15 an an DT 51242 719 16 electric electric JJ 51242 719 17 generator generator NN 51242 719 18 which which WDT 51242 719 19 supplies supply VBZ 51242 719 20 current current JJ 51242 719 21 to to IN 51242 719 22 a a DT 51242 719 23 motor motor NN 51242 719 24 attached attach VBN 51242 719 25 to to IN 51242 719 26 the the DT 51242 719 27 propeller propeller NN 51242 719 28 shaft shaft NN 51242 719 29 . . . 51242 720 1 The the DT 51242 720 2 tests test NNS 51242 720 3 carried carry VBD 51242 720 4 out out RP 51242 720 5 with with IN 51242 720 6 this this DT 51242 720 7 vessel vessel NN 51242 720 8 will will MD 51242 720 9 indicate indicate VB 51242 720 10 the the DT 51242 720 11 advantages advantage NNS 51242 720 12 of of IN 51242 720 13 the the DT 51242 720 14 electric electric JJ 51242 720 15 method method NN 51242 720 16 of of IN 51242 720 17 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 720 18 even even RB 51242 720 19 with with IN 51242 720 20 the the DT 51242 720 21 usual usual JJ 51242 720 22 long long JJ 51242 720 23 length length NN 51242 720 24 of of IN 51242 720 25 shaft shaft NN 51242 720 26 . . . 51242 721 1 The the DT 51242 721 2 vessel vessel NN 51242 721 3 has have VBZ 51242 721 4 a a DT 51242 721 5 gross gross JJ 51242 721 6 tonnage tonnage NN 51242 721 7 of of IN 51242 721 8 1241 1241 CD 51242 721 9 , , , 51242 721 10 and and CC 51242 721 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 721 12 speed speed NN 51242 721 13 is be VBZ 51242 721 14 9 9 CD 51242 721 15 knots knot NNS 51242 721 16 . . . 51242 722 1 The the DT 51242 722 2 engines engine NNS 51242 722 3 replaced replace VBN 51242 722 4 ran run VBD 51242 722 5 at at IN 51242 722 6 78 78 CD 51242 722 7 revolutions revolution NNS 51242 722 8 per per IN 51242 722 9 minute minute NN 51242 722 10 and and CC 51242 722 11 gave give VBD 51242 722 12 500 500 CD 51242 722 13 brake brake NN 51242 722 14 horse horse NN 51242 722 15 power power NN 51242 722 16 . . . 51242 723 1 The the DT 51242 723 2 turbine turbine NN 51242 723 3 now now RB 51242 723 4 installed instal VBD 51242 723 5 runs run NNS 51242 723 6 at at IN 51242 723 7 2500 2500 CD 51242 723 8 r.p.m r.p.m NNP 51242 723 9 . . NNP 51242 723 10 , , , 51242 723 11 and and CC 51242 723 12 develops develop VBZ 51242 723 13 630 630 CD 51242 723 14 brake brake NN 51242 723 15 horse horse NN 51242 723 16 power power NN 51242 723 17 . . . 51242 724 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 724 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 724 3 reproduced reproduce VBN 51242 724 4 by by IN 51242 724 5 courtesy courtesy NN 51242 724 6 of of IN 51242 724 7 _ _ NNP 51242 724 8 The the DT 51242 724 9 Electrician Electrician NNP 51242 724 10 _ _ NNP 51242 724 11 . . . 51242 724 12 ) ) -RRB- 51242 724 13 ] ] -RRB- 51242 725 1 The the DT 51242 725 2 gulf gulf NN 51242 725 3 between between IN 51242 725 4 the the DT 51242 725 5 two two CD 51242 725 6 has have VBZ 51242 725 7 been be VBN 51242 725 8 narrowed narrow VBN 51242 725 9 by by IN 51242 725 10 the the DT 51242 725 11 improved improved JJ 51242 725 12 design design NN 51242 725 13 of of IN 51242 725 14 propellers propeller NNS 51242 725 15 . . . 51242 726 1 Some some DT 51242 726 2 engineers engineer NNS 51242 726 3 assert assert VBP 51242 726 4 that that WDT 51242 726 5 continued continue VBN 51242 726 6 improvements improvement NNS 51242 726 7 will will MD 51242 726 8 bridge bridge VB 51242 726 9 the the DT 51242 726 10 gulf gulf NNP 51242 726 11 completely completely RB 51242 726 12 . . . 51242 727 1 Others other NNS 51242 727 2 have have VBP 51242 727 3 sought seek VBN 51242 727 4 the the DT 51242 727 5 solution solution NN 51242 727 6 in in IN 51242 727 7 the the DT 51242 727 8 same same JJ 51242 727 9 way way NN 51242 727 10 as as IN 51242 727 11 the the DT 51242 727 12 motor motor NN 51242 727 13 engineer engineer NN 51242 727 14 -- -- : 51242 727 15 by by IN 51242 727 16 the the DT 51242 727 17 use use NN 51242 727 18 of of IN 51242 727 19 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 727 20 change change NN 51242 727 21 - - HYPH 51242 727 22 speed speed NN 51242 727 23 gears gear NNS 51242 727 24 . . . 51242 728 1 The the DT 51242 728 2 suggestion suggestion NN 51242 728 3 has have VBZ 51242 728 4 also also RB 51242 728 5 been be VBN 51242 728 6 made make VBN 51242 728 7 to to TO 51242 728 8 employ employ VB 51242 728 9 hydraulic hydraulic JJ 51242 728 10 gear gear NN 51242 728 11 as as IN 51242 728 12 an an DT 51242 728 13 intermediary intermediary NN 51242 728 14 ; ; : 51242 728 15 and and CC 51242 728 16 in in IN 51242 728 17 some some DT 51242 728 18 recent recent JJ 51242 728 19 vessels vessel NNS 51242 728 20 reciprocating reciprocate VBG 51242 728 21 engines engine NNS 51242 728 22 with with IN 51242 728 23 comparatively comparatively JJ 51242 728 24 low low JJ 51242 728 25 - - HYPH 51242 728 26 speed speed NN 51242 728 27 turbines turbine NNS 51242 728 28 driven drive VBN 51242 728 29 by by IN 51242 728 30 exhaust exhaust NN 51242 728 31 steam steam NN 51242 728 32 have have VBP 51242 728 33 been be VBN 51242 728 34 adopted adopt VBN 51242 728 35 . . . 51242 729 1 In in IN 51242 729 2 the the DT 51242 729 3 electric electric JJ 51242 729 4 system system NN 51242 729 5 the the DT 51242 729 6 turbine turbine NN 51242 729 7 is be VBZ 51242 729 8 coupled couple VBN 51242 729 9 direct direct RB 51242 729 10 to to IN 51242 729 11 an an DT 51242 729 12 electric electric JJ 51242 729 13 generator generator NN 51242 729 14 and and CC 51242 729 15 may may MD 51242 729 16 run run VB 51242 729 17 continuously continuously RB 51242 729 18 at at IN 51242 729 19 the the DT 51242 729 20 highest high JJS 51242 729 21 economical economical JJ 51242 729 22 speed speed NN 51242 729 23 . . . 51242 730 1 The the DT 51242 730 2 propeller propeller NN 51242 730 3 shaft shaft NN 51242 730 4 may may MD 51242 730 5 be be VB 51242 730 6 quite quite RB 51242 730 7 short short JJ 51242 730 8 and and CC 51242 730 9 is be VBZ 51242 730 10 driven drive VBN 51242 730 11 by by IN 51242 730 12 a a DT 51242 730 13 slow slow JJ 51242 730 14 speed speed NN 51242 730 15 motor motor NN 51242 730 16 connected connect VBN 51242 730 17 by by IN 51242 730 18 cables cable NNS 51242 730 19 to to IN 51242 730 20 the the DT 51242 730 21 generator generator NN 51242 730 22 . . . 51242 731 1 Various various JJ 51242 731 2 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 731 3 for for IN 51242 731 4 controlling control VBG 51242 731 5 the the DT 51242 731 6 supply supply NN 51242 731 7 of of IN 51242 731 8 current current NN 51242 731 9 to to IN 51242 731 10 the the DT 51242 731 11 motor motor NN 51242 731 12 ( ( -LRB- 51242 731 13 with with IN 51242 731 14 appropriate appropriate JJ 51242 731 15 design design NN 51242 731 16 of of IN 51242 731 17 generator generator NN 51242 731 18 and and CC 51242 731 19 motor motor NN 51242 731 20 ) ) -RRB- 51242 731 21 have have VBP 51242 731 22 been be VBN 51242 731 23 devised devise VBN 51242 731 24 by by IN 51242 731 25 Mr Mr NNP 51242 731 26 Durtnall Durtnall NNP 51242 731 27 , , , 51242 731 28 Mr Mr NNP 51242 731 29 Mavor Mavor NNP 51242 731 30 , , , 51242 731 31 and and CC 51242 731 32 other other JJ 51242 731 33 workers worker NNS 51242 731 34 in in IN 51242 731 35 this this DT 51242 731 36 field field NN 51242 731 37 ; ; : 51242 731 38 but but CC 51242 731 39 whatever whatever WDT 51242 731 40 the the DT 51242 731 41 details detail NNS 51242 731 42 of of IN 51242 731 43 these these DT 51242 731 44 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 731 45 may may MD 51242 731 46 be be VB 51242 731 47 , , , 51242 731 48 they -PRON- PRP 51242 731 49 all all DT 51242 731 50 give give VBP 51242 731 51 a a DT 51242 731 52 wide wide JJ 51242 731 53 range range NN 51242 731 54 of of IN 51242 731 55 speed speed NN 51242 731 56 both both CC 51242 731 57 ahead ahead RB 51242 731 58 and and CC 51242 731 59 astern astern NN 51242 731 60 . . . 51242 732 1 The the DT 51242 732 2 direct direct JJ 51242 732 3 drive drive NN 51242 732 4 with with IN 51242 732 5 the the DT 51242 732 6 steam steam NN 51242 732 7 turbine turbine NN 51242 732 8 has have VBZ 51242 732 9 really really RB 51242 732 10 only only RB 51242 732 11 one one CD 51242 732 12 speed speed NN 51242 732 13 -- -- : 51242 732 14 full full JJ 51242 732 15 speed speed NN 51242 732 16 ahead ahead RB 51242 732 17 ; ; : 51242 732 18 and and CC 51242 732 19 as as IN 51242 732 20 the the DT 51242 732 21 turbine turbine NN 51242 732 22 is be VBZ 51242 732 23 irreversible irreversible JJ 51242 732 24 , , , 51242 732 25 ' ' '' 51242 732 26 astern astern NN 51242 732 27 ' ' '' 51242 732 28 turbines turbine NNS 51242 732 29 have have VBP 51242 732 30 to to TO 51242 732 31 be be VB 51242 732 32 installed instal VBN 51242 732 33 in in IN 51242 732 34 addition addition NN 51242 732 35 . . . 51242 733 1 These these DT 51242 733 2 limitations limitation NNS 51242 733 3 and and CC 51242 733 4 complications complication NNS 51242 733 5 are be VBP 51242 733 6 removed remove VBN 51242 733 7 entirely entirely RB 51242 733 8 when when WRB 51242 733 9 electrical electrical JJ 51242 733 10 transmission transmission NN 51242 733 11 is be VBZ 51242 733 12 adopted adopt VBN 51242 733 13 . . . 51242 734 1 Moreover moreover RB 51242 734 2 , , , 51242 734 3 the the DT 51242 734 4 electric electric JJ 51242 734 5 system system NN 51242 734 6 can can MD 51242 734 7 be be VB 51242 734 8 so so RB 51242 734 9 arranged arrange VBN 51242 734 10 that that IN 51242 734 11 the the DT 51242 734 12 control control NN 51242 734 13 gear gear NN 51242 734 14 may may MD 51242 734 15 be be VB 51242 734 16 operated operate VBN 51242 734 17 from from IN 51242 734 18 the the DT 51242 734 19 bridge bridge NN 51242 734 20 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 734 21 . . . 51242 735 1 The the DT 51242 735 2 facility facility NN 51242 735 3 in in IN 51242 735 4 manoeuvring manoeuvring NN 51242 735 5 is be VBZ 51242 735 6 , , , 51242 735 7 in in IN 51242 735 8 fact fact NN 51242 735 9 , , , 51242 735 10 so so RB 51242 735 11 marked marked JJ 51242 735 12 that that IN 51242 735 13 it -PRON- PRP 51242 735 14 would would MD 51242 735 15 recommend recommend VB 51242 735 16 electric electric JJ 51242 735 17 marine marine JJ 51242 735 18 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 735 19 even even RB 51242 735 20 if if IN 51242 735 21 that that DT 51242 735 22 system system NN 51242 735 23 offered offer VBD 51242 735 24 no no DT 51242 735 25 advantages advantage NNS 51242 735 26 on on IN 51242 735 27 the the DT 51242 735 28 score score NN 51242 735 29 of of IN 51242 735 30 economy economy NN 51242 735 31 in in IN 51242 735 32 weight weight NN 51242 735 33 , , , 51242 735 34 space space NN 51242 735 35 , , , 51242 735 36 and and CC 51242 735 37 steam steam NN 51242 735 38 consumption consumption NN 51242 735 39 over over IN 51242 735 40 the the DT 51242 735 41 existing exist VBG 51242 735 42 systems system NNS 51242 735 43 . . . 51242 736 1 The the DT 51242 736 2 steam steam NN 51242 736 3 turbine turbine NN 51242 736 4 , , , 51242 736 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 736 6 may may MD 51242 736 7 be be VB 51242 736 8 noted note VBN 51242 736 9 , , , 51242 736 10 has have VBZ 51242 736 11 been be VBN 51242 736 12 adopted adopt VBN 51242 736 13 so so RB 51242 736 14 far far RB 51242 736 15 only only RB 51242 736 16 in in IN 51242 736 17 high high JJ 51242 736 18 - - HYPH 51242 736 19 speed speed NN 51242 736 20 vessels vessel NNS 51242 736 21 ; ; : 51242 736 22 and and CC 51242 736 23 it -PRON- PRP 51242 736 24 is be VBZ 51242 736 25 generally generally RB 51242 736 26 recognised recognise VBN 51242 736 27 that that IN 51242 736 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 736 29 extension extension NN 51242 736 30 to to IN 51242 736 31 vessels vessel NNS 51242 736 32 which which WDT 51242 736 33 run run VBP 51242 736 34 at at IN 51242 736 35 12 12 CD 51242 736 36 or or CC 51242 736 37 16 16 CD 51242 736 38 knots knot NNS 51242 736 39 depends depend VBZ 51242 736 40 upon upon IN 51242 736 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 736 42 adaptation adaptation NN 51242 736 43 to to IN 51242 736 44 slow slow JJ 51242 736 45 - - HYPH 51242 736 46 speed speed NN 51242 736 47 propellers propeller NNS 51242 736 48 . . . 51242 737 1 Advocates advocate NNS 51242 737 2 of of IN 51242 737 3 electric electric JJ 51242 737 4 marine marine JJ 51242 737 5 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 737 6 claim claim VBP 51242 737 7 that that IN 51242 737 8 they -PRON- PRP 51242 737 9 hold hold VBP 51242 737 10 the the DT 51242 737 11 most most RBS 51242 737 12 efficient efficient JJ 51242 737 13 solution solution NN 51242 737 14 of of IN 51242 737 15 this this DT 51242 737 16 problem problem NN 51242 737 17 . . . 51242 738 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 738 2 may may MD 51242 738 3 also also RB 51242 738 4 be be VB 51242 738 5 pointed point VBN 51242 738 6 out out RP 51242 738 7 that that IN 51242 738 8 a a DT 51242 738 9 considerable considerable JJ 51242 738 10 section section NN 51242 738 11 of of IN 51242 738 12 marine marine JJ 51242 738 13 engineers engineer NNS 51242 738 14 look look VBP 51242 738 15 forward forward RB 51242 738 16 to to IN 51242 738 17 the the DT 51242 738 18 use use NN 51242 738 19 of of IN 51242 738 20 internal internal JJ 51242 738 21 combustion combustion NN 51242 738 22 engines engine NNS 51242 738 23 ( ( -LRB- 51242 738 24 driven drive VBN 51242 738 25 by by IN 51242 738 26 oil oil NN 51242 738 27 or or CC 51242 738 28 gas gas NN 51242 738 29 ) ) -RRB- 51242 738 30 on on IN 51242 738 31 board board NN 51242 738 32 ship ship NN 51242 738 33 . . . 51242 739 1 For for IN 51242 739 2 naval naval JJ 51242 739 3 purposes purpose NNS 51242 739 4 especially especially RB 51242 739 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 739 6 would would MD 51242 739 7 be be VB 51242 739 8 a a DT 51242 739 9 great great JJ 51242 739 10 advantage advantage NN 51242 739 11 to to TO 51242 739 12 do do VB 51242 739 13 away away RB 51242 739 14 with with IN 51242 739 15 funnels funnel NNS 51242 739 16 and and CC 51242 739 17 so so RB 51242 739 18 leave leave VB 51242 739 19 the the DT 51242 739 20 decks deck NNS 51242 739 21 more more RBR 51242 739 22 free free JJ 51242 739 23 for for IN 51242 739 24 gun gun NN 51242 739 25 mountings mounting NNS 51242 739 26 . . . 51242 740 1 As as IN 51242 740 2 internal internal JJ 51242 740 3 combustion combustion NN 51242 740 4 engines engine NNS 51242 740 5 are be VBP 51242 740 6 irreversible irreversible JJ 51242 740 7 , , , 51242 740 8 the the DT 51242 740 9 electric electric JJ 51242 740 10 system system NN 51242 740 11 offers offer VBZ 51242 740 12 a a DT 51242 740 13 means means NN 51242 740 14 of of IN 51242 740 15 escape escape NN 51242 740 16 from from IN 51242 740 17 a a DT 51242 740 18 fundamental fundamental JJ 51242 740 19 drawback drawback NN 51242 740 20 to to IN 51242 740 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 740 22 use use NN 51242 740 23 at at IN 51242 740 24 sea sea NN 51242 740 25 . . . 51242 741 1 Here here RB 51242 741 2 again again RB 51242 741 3 the the DT 51242 741 4 perfection perfection NN 51242 741 5 of of IN 51242 741 6 manoeuvring manoeuvre VBG 51242 741 7 power power NN 51242 741 8 , , , 51242 741 9 especially especially RB 51242 741 10 with with IN 51242 741 11 twin twin JJ 51242 741 12 screws screw NNS 51242 741 13 ( ( -LRB- 51242 741 14 either either DT 51242 741 15 of of IN 51242 741 16 which which WDT 51242 741 17 may may MD 51242 741 18 be be VB 51242 741 19 controlled control VBN 51242 741 20 from from IN 51242 741 21 the the DT 51242 741 22 bridge bridge NN 51242 741 23 through through IN 51242 741 24 a a DT 51242 741 25 wide wide JJ 51242 741 26 range range NN 51242 741 27 of of IN 51242 741 28 speed speed NN 51242 741 29 ahead ahead RB 51242 741 30 or or CC 51242 741 31 astern astern NN 51242 741 32 ) ) -RRB- 51242 741 33 , , , 51242 741 34 gives give VBZ 51242 741 35 the the DT 51242 741 36 electric electric JJ 51242 741 37 system system NN 51242 741 38 a a DT 51242 741 39 strong strong JJ 51242 741 40 claim claim NN 51242 741 41 for for IN 51242 741 42 consideration consideration NN 51242 741 43 by by IN 51242 741 44 the the DT 51242 741 45 naval naval JJ 51242 741 46 authorities authority NNS 51242 741 47 . . . 51242 742 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 742 2 is be VBZ 51242 742 3 hardly hardly RB 51242 742 4 necessary necessary JJ 51242 742 5 , , , 51242 742 6 except except IN 51242 742 7 as as IN 51242 742 8 a a DT 51242 742 9 matter matter NN 51242 742 10 of of IN 51242 742 11 curiosity curiosity NN 51242 742 12 , , , 51242 742 13 to to TO 51242 742 14 refer refer VB 51242 742 15 to to IN 51242 742 16 the the DT 51242 742 17 suggestions suggestion NNS 51242 742 18 made make VBN 51242 742 19 , , , 51242 742 20 from from IN 51242 742 21 time time NN 51242 742 22 to to IN 51242 742 23 time time NN 51242 742 24 , , , 51242 742 25 of of IN 51242 742 26 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 742 27 - - HYPH 51242 742 28 driven drive VBN 51242 742 29 ocean ocean NN 51242 742 30 steamships steamship NNS 51242 742 31 . . . 51242 743 1 Some some DT 51242 743 2 wonderful wonderful JJ 51242 743 3 pictures picture NNS 51242 743 4 have have VBP 51242 743 5 been be VBN 51242 743 6 published publish VBN 51242 743 7 of of IN 51242 743 8 large large JJ 51242 743 9 vessels vessel NNS 51242 743 10 with with IN 51242 743 11 tons ton NNS 51242 743 12 of of IN 51242 743 13 ballast ballast NN 51242 743 14 in in IN 51242 743 15 the the DT 51242 743 16 form form NN 51242 743 17 of of IN 51242 743 18 storage storage NN 51242 743 19 batteries battery NNS 51242 743 20 . . . 51242 744 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 744 2 are be VBP 51242 744 3 likely likely JJ 51242 744 4 to to TO 51242 744 5 remain remain VB 51242 744 6 in in IN 51242 744 7 this this DT 51242 744 8 ideal ideal JJ 51242 744 9 condition condition NN 51242 744 10 , , , 51242 744 11 for for IN 51242 744 12 although although IN 51242 744 13 the the DT 51242 744 14 driving driving NN 51242 744 15 of of IN 51242 744 16 a a DT 51242 744 17 large large JJ 51242 744 18 vessel vessel NN 51242 744 19 by by IN 51242 744 20 stored store VBN 51242 744 21 electricity electricity NN 51242 744 22 is be VBZ 51242 744 23 quite quite RB 51242 744 24 possible possible JJ 51242 744 25 , , , 51242 744 26 it -PRON- PRP 51242 744 27 is be VBZ 51242 744 28 also also RB 51242 744 29 about about IN 51242 744 30 the the DT 51242 744 31 most most RBS 51242 744 32 expensive expensive JJ 51242 744 33 method method NN 51242 744 34 which which WDT 51242 744 35 has have VBZ 51242 744 36 ever ever RB 51242 744 37 been be VBN 51242 744 38 proposed propose VBN 51242 744 39 . . . 51242 745 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 745 2 power power NN 51242 745 3 from from IN 51242 745 4 storage storage NN 51242 745 5 batteries battery NNS 51242 745 6 has have VBZ 51242 745 7 been be VBN 51242 745 8 used use VBN 51242 745 9 as as IN 51242 745 10 an an DT 51242 745 11 auxiliary auxiliary NN 51242 745 12 in in IN 51242 745 13 the the DT 51242 745 14 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 745 15 and and CC 51242 745 16 manoeuvring manoeuvring NN 51242 745 17 of of IN 51242 745 18 submarines submarine NNS 51242 745 19 . . . 51242 746 1 In in IN 51242 746 2 aerial aerial JJ 51242 746 3 navigation navigation NN 51242 746 4 electricity electricity NN 51242 746 5 has have VBZ 51242 746 6 so so RB 51242 746 7 far far RB 51242 746 8 been be VBN 51242 746 9 employed employ VBN 51242 746 10 to to IN 51242 746 11 a a DT 51242 746 12 very very RB 51242 746 13 limited limited JJ 51242 746 14 extent extent NN 51242 746 15 . . . 51242 747 1 Small small JJ 51242 747 2 airships airship NNS 51242 747 3 have have VBP 51242 747 4 been be VBN 51242 747 5 designed design VBN 51242 747 6 to to TO 51242 747 7 carry carry VB 51242 747 8 electric electric JJ 51242 747 9 accumulators accumulator NNS 51242 747 10 connected connect VBN 51242 747 11 with with IN 51242 747 12 various various JJ 51242 747 13 motor motor NN 51242 747 14 - - HYPH 51242 747 15 driven drive VBN 51242 747 16 propellers propeller NNS 51242 747 17 for for IN 51242 747 18 raising raise VBG 51242 747 19 , , , 51242 747 20 lowering lower VBG 51242 747 21 , , , 51242 747 22 going go VBG 51242 747 23 ahead ahead RB 51242 747 24 or or CC 51242 747 25 astern astern NN 51242 747 26 , , , 51242 747 27 and and CC 51242 747 28 steering steer VBG 51242 747 29 . . . 51242 748 1 The the DT 51242 748 2 switches switch NNS 51242 748 3 which which WDT 51242 748 4 control control VBP 51242 748 5 the the DT 51242 748 6 passage passage NN 51242 748 7 of of IN 51242 748 8 the the DT 51242 748 9 current current NN 51242 748 10 to to IN 51242 748 11 these these DT 51242 748 12 propellers propeller NNS 51242 748 13 are be VBP 51242 748 14 connected connect VBN 51242 748 15 with with IN 51242 748 16 a a DT 51242 748 17 wireless wireless JJ 51242 748 18 telegraph telegraph NN 51242 748 19 receiver receiver NN 51242 748 20 , , , 51242 748 21 so so IN 51242 748 22 that that IN 51242 748 23 each each DT 51242 748 24 operation operation NN 51242 748 25 may may MD 51242 748 26 be be VB 51242 748 27 started start VBN 51242 748 28 or or CC 51242 748 29 stopped stop VBN 51242 748 30 by by IN 51242 748 31 a a DT 51242 748 32 particular particular JJ 51242 748 33 ether ether NN 51242 748 34 wave wave NN 51242 748 35 or or CC 51242 748 36 series series NN 51242 748 37 of of IN 51242 748 38 waves wave NNS 51242 748 39 . . . 51242 749 1 Demonstrations demonstration NNS 51242 749 2 of of IN 51242 749 3 such such JJ 51242 749 4 ' ' `` 51242 749 5 wireless wireless NN 51242 749 6 - - HYPH 51242 749 7 controlled control VBN 51242 749 8 ' ' '' 51242 749 9 airships airship NNS 51242 749 10 have have VBP 51242 749 11 been be VBN 51242 749 12 given give VBN 51242 749 13 in in IN 51242 749 14 theatres theatre NNS 51242 749 15 ; ; : 51242 749 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 749 17 field field NN 51242 749 18 of of IN 51242 749 19 usefulness usefulness NN 51242 749 20 , , , 51242 749 21 if if IN 51242 749 22 any any DT 51242 749 23 , , , 51242 749 24 is be VBZ 51242 749 25 in in IN 51242 749 26 connection connection NN 51242 749 27 with with IN 51242 749 28 war war NN 51242 749 29 on on IN 51242 749 30 land land NN 51242 749 31 or or CC 51242 749 32 sea sea NN 51242 749 33 . . . 51242 750 1 Whether whether IN 51242 750 2 they -PRON- PRP 51242 750 3 will will MD 51242 750 4 have have VB 51242 750 5 any any DT 51242 750 6 better well JJR 51242 750 7 fate fate NN 51242 750 8 than than IN 51242 750 9 other other JJ 51242 750 10 devices device NNS 51242 750 11 for for IN 51242 750 12 dropping drop VBG 51242 750 13 bombs bomb NNS 51242 750 14 over over IN 51242 750 15 the the DT 51242 750 16 enemy enemy NN 51242 750 17 's 's POS 51242 750 18 camps camp NNS 51242 750 19 or or CC 51242 750 20 ships ship NNS 51242 750 21 remains remain VBZ 51242 750 22 to to TO 51242 750 23 be be VB 51242 750 24 seen see VBN 51242 750 25 . . . 51242 751 1 One one CD 51242 751 2 inventor inventor NN 51242 751 3 has have VBZ 51242 751 4 , , , 51242 751 5 I -PRON- PRP 51242 751 6 believe believe VBP 51242 751 7 , , , 51242 751 8 suggested suggest VBD 51242 751 9 a a DT 51242 751 10 means means NN 51242 751 11 of of IN 51242 751 12 direct direct JJ 51242 751 13 electrical electrical JJ 51242 751 14 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 751 15 for for IN 51242 751 16 aeroplanes aeroplane NNS 51242 751 17 , , , 51242 751 18 the the DT 51242 751 19 current current JJ 51242 751 20 being be VBG 51242 751 21 derived derive VBN 51242 751 22 from from IN 51242 751 23 a a DT 51242 751 24 petrol petrol NN 51242 751 25 - - HYPH 51242 751 26 driven drive VBN 51242 751 27 generator generator NN 51242 751 28 and and CC 51242 751 29 carried carry VBN 51242 751 30 to to IN 51242 751 31 motors motor NNS 51242 751 32 attached attach VBN 51242 751 33 to to IN 51242 751 34 propellers propeller NNS 51242 751 35 so so RB 51242 751 36 arranged arrange VBD 51242 751 37 as as IN 51242 751 38 to to TO 51242 751 39 give give VB 51242 751 40 certain certain JJ 51242 751 41 advantages advantage NNS 51242 751 42 in in IN 51242 751 43 stability stability NN 51242 751 44 and and CC 51242 751 45 manoeuvring manoeuvring NN 51242 751 46 . . . 51242 752 1 As as IN 51242 752 2 yet yet RB 51242 752 3 , , , 51242 752 4 however however RB 51242 752 5 , , , 51242 752 6 the the DT 51242 752 7 probability probability NN 51242 752 8 of of IN 51242 752 9 electricity electricity NN 51242 752 10 being be VBG 51242 752 11 applied apply VBN 51242 752 12 to to IN 51242 752 13 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 752 14 in in IN 51242 752 15 the the DT 51242 752 16 air air NN 51242 752 17 as as RB 51242 752 18 well well RB 51242 752 19 as as IN 51242 752 20 on on IN 51242 752 21 land land NN 51242 752 22 and and CC 51242 752 23 on on IN 51242 752 24 sea sea NN 51242 752 25 is be VBZ 51242 752 26 somewhat somewhat RB 51242 752 27 remote remote JJ 51242 752 28 . . . 51242 753 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 753 2 XII XII NNP 51242 753 3 THE the DT 51242 753 4 PIONEER PIONEER NNP 51242 753 5 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 753 6 RAILWAYS railway NNS 51242 753 7 Electric Electric NNP 51242 753 8 tramways tramway NNS 51242 753 9 have have VBP 51242 753 10 reached reach VBN 51242 753 11 a a DT 51242 753 12 period period NN 51242 753 13 of of IN 51242 753 14 middle middle JJ 51242 753 15 age age NN 51242 753 16 in in IN 51242 753 17 which which WDT 51242 753 18 they -PRON- PRP 51242 753 19 are be VBP 51242 753 20 more more RBR 51242 753 21 concerned concerned JJ 51242 753 22 about about IN 51242 753 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 753 24 internal internal JJ 51242 753 25 economy economy NN 51242 753 26 than than IN 51242 753 27 the the DT 51242 753 28 prospect prospect NN 51242 753 29 of of IN 51242 753 30 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 753 31 in in IN 51242 753 32 new new JJ 51242 753 33 directions direction NNS 51242 753 34 . . . 51242 754 1 Such such JJ 51242 754 2 development development NN 51242 754 3 as as IN 51242 754 4 they -PRON- PRP 51242 754 5 feel feel VBP 51242 754 6 capable capable JJ 51242 754 7 of of IN 51242 754 8 making make VBG 51242 754 9 under under IN 51242 754 10 present present JJ 51242 754 11 legislative legislative JJ 51242 754 12 conditions condition NNS 51242 754 13 is be VBZ 51242 754 14 only only RB 51242 754 15 by by IN 51242 754 16 proxy proxy NN 51242 754 17 and and CC 51242 754 18 tentatively tentatively RB 51242 754 19 , , , 51242 754 20 with with IN 51242 754 21 the the DT 51242 754 22 aid aid NN 51242 754 23 of of IN 51242 754 24 the the DT 51242 754 25 trolley trolley NN 51242 754 26 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 754 27 . . . 51242 755 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 755 2 railways railway NNS 51242 755 3 , , , 51242 755 4 however however RB 51242 755 5 , , , 51242 755 6 have have VBP 51242 755 7 still still RB 51242 755 8 many many JJ 51242 755 9 worlds world NNS 51242 755 10 to to TO 51242 755 11 conquer conquer VB 51242 755 12 . . . 51242 756 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 756 2 are be VBP 51242 756 3 now now RB 51242 756 4 in in RB 51242 756 5 much much RB 51242 756 6 the the DT 51242 756 7 same same JJ 51242 756 8 position position NN 51242 756 9 as as IN 51242 756 10 electric electric JJ 51242 756 11 tramways tramway NNS 51242 756 12 held hold VBN 51242 756 13 about about IN 51242 756 14 the the DT 51242 756 15 year year NN 51242 756 16 1896 1896 CD 51242 756 17 . . . 51242 757 1 That that DT 51242 757 2 is be VBZ 51242 757 3 to to TO 51242 757 4 say say VB 51242 757 5 , , , 51242 757 6 they -PRON- PRP 51242 757 7 have have VBP 51242 757 8 already already RB 51242 757 9 given give VBN 51242 757 10 practical practical JJ 51242 757 11 proof proof NN 51242 757 12 of of IN 51242 757 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 757 14 capabilities capability NNS 51242 757 15 and and CC 51242 757 16 enabled enable VBD 51242 757 17 engineers engineer NNS 51242 757 18 to to TO 51242 757 19 point point VB 51242 757 20 out out RP 51242 757 21 the the DT 51242 757 22 directions direction NNS 51242 757 23 along along IN 51242 757 24 which which WDT 51242 757 25 they -PRON- PRP 51242 757 26 are be VBP 51242 757 27 certain certain JJ 51242 757 28 to to TO 51242 757 29 develop develop VB 51242 757 30 . . . 51242 758 1 In in IN 51242 758 2 the the DT 51242 758 3 railway railway NN 51242 758 4 world world NN 51242 758 5 there there EX 51242 758 6 is be VBZ 51242 758 7 a a DT 51242 758 8 growing grow VBG 51242 758 9 conviction conviction NN 51242 758 10 that that IN 51242 758 11 the the DT 51242 758 12 adoption adoption NN 51242 758 13 of of IN 51242 758 14 electric electric JJ 51242 758 15 traction traction NN 51242 758 16 on on IN 51242 758 17 all all DT 51242 758 18 suburban suburban JJ 51242 758 19 and and CC 51242 758 20 inter inter JJ 51242 758 21 - - JJ 51242 758 22 urban urban JJ 51242 758 23 railways railway NNS 51242 758 24 must must MD 51242 758 25 be be VB 51242 758 26 simply simply RB 51242 758 27 a a DT 51242 758 28 matter matter NN 51242 758 29 of of IN 51242 758 30 time time NN 51242 758 31 . . . 51242 759 1 For for IN 51242 759 2 main main JJ 51242 759 3 line line NN 51242 759 4 traffic traffic NN 51242 759 5 the the DT 51242 759 6 possibilities possibility NNS 51242 759 7 of of IN 51242 759 8 using use VBG 51242 759 9 electricity electricity NN 51242 759 10 are be VBP 51242 759 11 as as RB 51242 759 12 yet yet RB 51242 759 13 only only RB 51242 759 14 an an DT 51242 759 15 article article NN 51242 759 16 of of IN 51242 759 17 faith faith NN 51242 759 18 among among IN 51242 759 19 electrical electrical JJ 51242 759 20 engineers engineer NNS 51242 759 21 . . . 51242 760 1 Although although IN 51242 760 2 the the DT 51242 760 3 earliest early JJS 51242 760 4 experiments experiment NNS 51242 760 5 in in IN 51242 760 6 electric electric JJ 51242 760 7 traction traction NN 51242 760 8 were be VBD 51242 760 9 made make VBN 51242 760 10 in in IN 51242 760 11 the the DT 51242 760 12 railway railway NN 51242 760 13 form form NN 51242 760 14 , , , 51242 760 15 the the DT 51242 760 16 first first JJ 51242 760 17 electric electric JJ 51242 760 18 lines line NNS 51242 760 19 could could MD 51242 760 20 hardly hardly RB 51242 760 21 be be VB 51242 760 22 regarded regard VBN 51242 760 23 as as IN 51242 760 24 railways railway NNS 51242 760 25 in in IN 51242 760 26 the the DT 51242 760 27 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 760 28 sense sense NN 51242 760 29 . . . 51242 761 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 761 2 were be VBD 51242 761 3 really really RB 51242 761 4 light light JJ 51242 761 5 railways railway NNS 51242 761 6 , , , 51242 761 7 in in IN 51242 761 8 which which WDT 51242 761 9 the the DT 51242 761 10 traffic traffic NN 51242 761 11 conditions condition NNS 51242 761 12 approximated approximate VBN 51242 761 13 to to IN 51242 761 14 those those DT 51242 761 15 of of IN 51242 761 16 tramways tramway NNS 51242 761 17 . . . 51242 762 1 The the DT 51242 762 2 routes route NNS 51242 762 3 were be VBD 51242 762 4 short short JJ 51242 762 5 , , , 51242 762 6 the the DT 51242 762 7 cars car NNS 51242 762 8 small small JJ 51242 762 9 , , , 51242 762 10 and and CC 51242 762 11 the the DT 51242 762 12 traffic traffic NN 51242 762 13 of of IN 51242 762 14 modest modest JJ 51242 762 15 dimensions dimension NNS 51242 762 16 . . . 51242 763 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 763 2 contained contain VBD 51242 763 3 the the DT 51242 763 4 germ germ NN 51242 763 5 of of IN 51242 763 6 both both CC 51242 763 7 the the DT 51242 763 8 tramway tramway NN 51242 763 9 and and CC 51242 763 10 the the DT 51242 763 11 railway railway NN 51242 763 12 ; ; : 51242 763 13 but but CC 51242 763 14 , , , 51242 763 15 in in IN 51242 763 16 the the DT 51242 763 17 case case NN 51242 763 18 of of IN 51242 763 19 the the DT 51242 763 20 railway railway NN 51242 763 21 , , , 51242 763 22 many many JJ 51242 763 23 years year NNS 51242 763 24 of of IN 51242 763 25 technical technical JJ 51242 763 26 development development NN 51242 763 27 had have VBD 51242 763 28 to to TO 51242 763 29 pass pass VB 51242 763 30 before before IN 51242 763 31 the the DT 51242 763 32 problem problem NN 51242 763 33 of of IN 51242 763 34 applying apply VBG 51242 763 35 electricity electricity NN 51242 763 36 to to IN 51242 763 37 the the DT 51242 763 38 handling handling NN 51242 763 39 of of IN 51242 763 40 large large JJ 51242 763 41 masses masse NNS 51242 763 42 of of IN 51242 763 43 traffic traffic NN 51242 763 44 under under IN 51242 763 45 standard standard JJ 51242 763 46 railway railway NN 51242 763 47 conditions condition NNS 51242 763 48 was be VBD 51242 763 49 solved solve VBN 51242 763 50 . . . 51242 764 1 The the DT 51242 764 2 fact fact NN 51242 764 3 that that IN 51242 764 4 the the DT 51242 764 5 first first JJ 51242 764 6 electric electric JJ 51242 764 7 railway railway NN 51242 764 8 in in IN 51242 764 9 the the DT 51242 764 10 United United NNP 51242 764 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP 51242 764 12 was be VBD 51242 764 13 constructed construct VBN 51242 764 14 at at IN 51242 764 15 the the DT 51242 764 16 Giant Giant NNP 51242 764 17 's 's POS 51242 764 18 Causeway Causeway NNP 51242 764 19 ( ( -LRB- 51242 764 20 in in IN 51242 764 21 1883 1883 CD 51242 764 22 ) ) -RRB- 51242 764 23 is be VBZ 51242 764 24 significant significant JJ 51242 764 25 . . . 51242 765 1 The the DT 51242 765 2 Giant Giant NNP 51242 765 3 's 's POS 51242 765 4 Causeway Causeway NNP 51242 765 5 is be VBZ 51242 765 6 one one CD 51242 765 7 of of IN 51242 765 8 the the DT 51242 765 9 few few JJ 51242 765 10 places place NNS 51242 765 11 in in IN 51242 765 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 51242 765 13 islands island NNS 51242 765 14 where where WRB 51242 765 15 water water NN 51242 765 16 power power NN 51242 765 17 is be VBZ 51242 765 18 available available JJ 51242 765 19 close close RB 51242 765 20 to to IN 51242 765 21 a a DT 51242 765 22 district district NN 51242 765 23 with with IN 51242 765 24 a a DT 51242 765 25 demand demand NN 51242 765 26 for for IN 51242 765 27 traffic traffic NN 51242 765 28 facilities facility NNS 51242 765 29 . . . 51242 766 1 In in IN 51242 766 2 1885 1885 CD 51242 766 3 another another DT 51242 766 4 electric electric JJ 51242 766 5 railway railway NN 51242 766 6 deriving derive VBG 51242 766 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 766 8 energy energy NN 51242 766 9 from from IN 51242 766 10 water water NN 51242 766 11 - - HYPH 51242 766 12 driven drive VBN 51242 766 13 turbines turbine NNS 51242 766 14 was be VBD 51242 766 15 built build VBN 51242 766 16 between between IN 51242 766 17 Bessbrook Bessbrook NNP 51242 766 18 and and CC 51242 766 19 Newry Newry NNP 51242 766 20 . . . 51242 767 1 At at IN 51242 767 2 that that DT 51242 767 3 period period NN 51242 767 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 767 5 was be VBD 51242 767 6 considered consider VBN 51242 767 7 that that IN 51242 767 8 waterfalls waterfall NNS 51242 767 9 provided provide VBD 51242 767 10 the the DT 51242 767 11 only only JJ 51242 767 12 really really RB 51242 767 13 feasible feasible JJ 51242 767 14 source source NN 51242 767 15 of of IN 51242 767 16 cheap cheap JJ 51242 767 17 electricity electricity NN 51242 767 18 on on IN 51242 767 19 a a DT 51242 767 20 large large JJ 51242 767 21 scale scale NN 51242 767 22 . . . 51242 768 1 Even even RB 51242 768 2 yet yet RB 51242 768 3 the the DT 51242 768 4 impression impression NN 51242 768 5 survives survive VBZ 51242 768 6 that that IN 51242 768 7 electric electric JJ 51242 768 8 power power NN 51242 768 9 stations station NNS 51242 768 10 using use VBG 51242 768 11 steam steam NN 51242 768 12 can can MD 51242 768 13 not not RB 51242 768 14 produce produce VB 51242 768 15 current current JJ 51242 768 16 so so RB 51242 768 17 cheaply cheaply RB 51242 768 18 as as IN 51242 768 19 those those DT 51242 768 20 which which WDT 51242 768 21 ' ' `` 51242 768 22 harness harness JJ 51242 768 23 ' ' '' 51242 768 24 waterfalls waterfall NNS 51242 768 25 . . . 51242 769 1 Many many JJ 51242 769 2 people people NNS 51242 769 3 , , , 51242 769 4 in in IN 51242 769 5 fact fact NN 51242 769 6 , , , 51242 769 7 are be VBP 51242 769 8 inclined inclined JJ 51242 769 9 to to TO 51242 769 10 attribute attribute VB 51242 769 11 the the DT 51242 769 12 comparative comparative JJ 51242 769 13 backwardness backwardness NN 51242 769 14 of of IN 51242 769 15 electrical electrical JJ 51242 769 16 development development NN 51242 769 17 in in IN 51242 769 18 Great Great NNP 51242 769 19 Britain Britain NNP 51242 769 20 , , , 51242 769 21 not not RB 51242 769 22 to to IN 51242 769 23 legislative legislative JJ 51242 769 24 conditions condition NNS 51242 769 25 , , , 51242 769 26 but but CC 51242 769 27 to to IN 51242 769 28 the the DT 51242 769 29 lack lack NN 51242 769 30 of of IN 51242 769 31 large large JJ 51242 769 32 waterfalls waterfall NNS 51242 769 33 . . . 51242 770 1 There there EX 51242 770 2 might may MD 51242 770 3 have have VB 51242 770 4 been be VBN 51242 770 5 more more RBR 51242 770 6 active active JJ 51242 770 7 progress progress NN 51242 770 8 in in IN 51242 770 9 the the DT 51242 770 10 pioneering pioneer VBG 51242 770 11 days day NNS 51242 770 12 if if IN 51242 770 13 the the DT 51242 770 14 presence presence NN 51242 770 15 of of IN 51242 770 16 water water NN 51242 770 17 power power NN 51242 770 18 at at IN 51242 770 19 convenient convenient JJ 51242 770 20 points point NNS 51242 770 21 had have VBD 51242 770 22 encouraged encourage VBN 51242 770 23 electrical electrical JJ 51242 770 24 engineers engineer NNS 51242 770 25 to to TO 51242 770 26 repeat repeat VB 51242 770 27 the the DT 51242 770 28 experiments experiment NNS 51242 770 29 at at IN 51242 770 30 Portrush Portrush NNP 51242 770 31 and and CC 51242 770 32 Bessbrook Bessbrook NNP 51242 770 33 . . . 51242 771 1 But but CC 51242 771 2 at at IN 51242 771 3 an an DT 51242 771 4 early early JJ 51242 771 5 stage stage NN 51242 771 6 in in IN 51242 771 7 electrical electrical JJ 51242 771 8 history history NN 51242 771 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 771 10 became become VBD 51242 771 11 clear clear JJ 51242 771 12 to to IN 51242 771 13 engineers engineer NNS 51242 771 14 that that IN 51242 771 15 coal coal NN 51242 771 16 was be VBD 51242 771 17 just just RB 51242 771 18 as as RB 51242 771 19 feasible feasible JJ 51242 771 20 a a DT 51242 771 21 source source NN 51242 771 22 of of IN 51242 771 23 cheap cheap JJ 51242 771 24 power power NN 51242 771 25 as as IN 51242 771 26 water water NN 51242 771 27 . . . 51242 772 1 The the DT 51242 772 2 idea idea NN 51242 772 3 that that IN 51242 772 4 a a DT 51242 772 5 waterfall waterfall NN 51242 772 6 provides provide VBZ 51242 772 7 power power NN 51242 772 8 ' ' '' 51242 772 9 for for IN 51242 772 10 nothing nothing NN 51242 772 11 ' ' '' 51242 772 12 is be VBZ 51242 772 13 one one CD 51242 772 14 of of IN 51242 772 15 those those DT 51242 772 16 superficial superficial JJ 51242 772 17 conceptions conception NNS 51242 772 18 which which WDT 51242 772 19 make make VBP 51242 772 20 the the DT 51242 772 21 hardiest hardy JJS 51242 772 22 of of IN 51242 772 23 fallacies fallacy NNS 51242 772 24 . . . 51242 773 1 To to IN 51242 773 2 ' ' `` 51242 773 3 harness harness NN 51242 773 4 ' ' '' 51242 773 5 a a DT 51242 773 6 waterfall waterfall NN 51242 773 7 requires require VBZ 51242 773 8 a a DT 51242 773 9 heavy heavy JJ 51242 773 10 expenditure expenditure NN 51242 773 11 of of IN 51242 773 12 capital capital NN 51242 773 13 on on IN 51242 773 14 conduits conduit NNS 51242 773 15 , , , 51242 773 16 pipe pipe NN 51242 773 17 - - HYPH 51242 773 18 lines line NNS 51242 773 19 , , , 51242 773 20 dams dam NNS 51242 773 21 , , , 51242 773 22 and and CC 51242 773 23 other other JJ 51242 773 24 works work NNS 51242 773 25 . . . 51242 774 1 The the DT 51242 774 2 interest interest NN 51242 774 3 upon upon IN 51242 774 4 that that DT 51242 774 5 capital capital NN 51242 774 6 is be VBZ 51242 774 7 a a DT 51242 774 8 heavy heavy JJ 51242 774 9 item item NN 51242 774 10 , , , 51242 774 11 apart apart RB 51242 774 12 from from IN 51242 774 13 the the DT 51242 774 14 cost cost NN 51242 774 15 of of IN 51242 774 16 maintenance maintenance NN 51242 774 17 and and CC 51242 774 18 repairs repair NNS 51242 774 19 . . . 51242 775 1 Waterfalls waterfall NNS 51242 775 2 are be VBP 51242 775 3 situated situate VBN 51242 775 4 in in IN 51242 775 5 mountainous mountainous JJ 51242 775 6 country country NN 51242 775 7 , , , 51242 775 8 generally generally RB 51242 775 9 remote remote JJ 51242 775 10 from from IN 51242 775 11 the the DT 51242 775 12 centres centre NNS 51242 775 13 of of IN 51242 775 14 industry industry NN 51242 775 15 ; ; : 51242 775 16 the the DT 51242 775 17 water water NN 51242 775 18 - - HYPH 51242 775 19 power power NN 51242 775 20 station station NN 51242 775 21 , , , 51242 775 22 therefore therefore RB 51242 775 23 , , , 51242 775 24 has have VBZ 51242 775 25 to to TO 51242 775 26 face face VB 51242 775 27 the the DT 51242 775 28 cost cost NN 51242 775 29 of of IN 51242 775 30 transmission transmission NN 51242 775 31 mains main NNS 51242 775 32 and and CC 51242 775 33 the the DT 51242 775 34 loss loss NN 51242 775 35 of of IN 51242 775 36 energy energy NN 51242 775 37 involved involve VBN 51242 775 38 in in IN 51242 775 39 conveying convey VBG 51242 775 40 the the DT 51242 775 41 power power NN 51242 775 42 to to IN 51242 775 43 the the DT 51242 775 44 place place NN 51242 775 45 where where WRB 51242 775 46 it -PRON- PRP 51242 775 47 is be VBZ 51242 775 48 wanted want VBN 51242 775 49 . . . 51242 776 1 Further further RB 51242 776 2 , , , 51242 776 3 waterfalls waterfall NNS 51242 776 4 and and CC 51242 776 5 the the DT 51242 776 6 adjacent adjacent JJ 51242 776 7 ground ground NN 51242 776 8 belong belong VBP 51242 776 9 either either CC 51242 776 10 to to IN 51242 776 11 individuals individual NNS 51242 776 12 or or CC 51242 776 13 to to IN 51242 776 14 the the DT 51242 776 15 State state NN 51242 776 16 ; ; : 51242 776 17 and and CC 51242 776 18 payment payment NN 51242 776 19 is be VBZ 51242 776 20 generally generally RB 51242 776 21 exacted exact VBN 51242 776 22 for for IN 51242 776 23 the the DT 51242 776 24 right right NN 51242 776 25 to to TO 51242 776 26 use use VB 51242 776 27 them -PRON- PRP 51242 776 28 . . . 51242 777 1 All all PDT 51242 777 2 these these DT 51242 777 3 items item NNS 51242 777 4 have have VBP 51242 777 5 to to TO 51242 777 6 be be VB 51242 777 7 covered cover VBN 51242 777 8 in in IN 51242 777 9 the the DT 51242 777 10 price price NN 51242 777 11 charged charge VBN 51242 777 12 for for IN 51242 777 13 current current NN 51242 777 14 to to IN 51242 777 15 the the DT 51242 777 16 public public NN 51242 777 17 or or CC 51242 777 18 to to TO 51242 777 19 railway railway VB 51242 777 20 undertakings undertaking NNS 51242 777 21 . . . 51242 778 1 Nature nature NN 51242 778 2 may may MD 51242 778 3 provide provide VB 51242 778 4 the the DT 51242 778 5 ' ' `` 51242 778 6 head head NN 51242 778 7 ' ' '' 51242 778 8 of of IN 51242 778 9 water water NN 51242 778 10 ' ' '' 51242 778 11 free free JJ 51242 778 12 , , , 51242 778 13 ' ' '' 51242 778 14 but but CC 51242 778 15 man man NN 51242 778 16 has have VBZ 51242 778 17 to to TO 51242 778 18 spend spend VB 51242 778 19 money money NN 51242 778 20 in in IN 51242 778 21 utilising utilise VBG 51242 778 22 it -PRON- PRP 51242 778 23 , , , 51242 778 24 just just RB 51242 778 25 as as IN 51242 778 26 he -PRON- PRP 51242 778 27 has have VBZ 51242 778 28 to to TO 51242 778 29 do do VB 51242 778 30 in in IN 51242 778 31 mining mining NN 51242 778 32 and and CC 51242 778 33 in in IN 51242 778 34 obtaining obtain VBG 51242 778 35 heat heat NN 51242 778 36 from from IN 51242 778 37 the the DT 51242 778 38 coal coal NN 51242 778 39 which which WDT 51242 778 40 is be VBZ 51242 778 41 also also RB 51242 778 42 provided provide VBN 51242 778 43 ' ' `` 51242 778 44 free free JJ 51242 778 45 . . . 51242 778 46 ' ' '' 51242 779 1 Anything anything NN 51242 779 2 which which WDT 51242 779 3 is be VBZ 51242 779 4 obtained obtain VBN 51242 779 5 ' ' '' 51242 779 6 for for IN 51242 779 7 nothing nothing NN 51242 779 8 ' ' '' 51242 779 9 is be VBZ 51242 779 10 generally generally RB 51242 779 11 worth worth JJ 51242 779 12 nothing nothing NN 51242 779 13 . . . 51242 780 1 The the DT 51242 780 2 full full JJ 51242 780 3 economies economy NNS 51242 780 4 of of IN 51242 780 5 generating generate VBG 51242 780 6 electricity electricity NN 51242 780 7 by by IN 51242 780 8 steam steam NN 51242 780 9 power power NN 51242 780 10 are be VBP 51242 780 11 not not RB 51242 780 12 , , , 51242 780 13 however however RB 51242 780 14 , , , 51242 780 15 realised realise VBD 51242 780 16 until until IN 51242 780 17 business business NN 51242 780 18 is be VBZ 51242 780 19 done do VBN 51242 780 20 on on IN 51242 780 21 a a DT 51242 780 22 large large JJ 51242 780 23 scale scale NN 51242 780 24 . . . 51242 781 1 As as IN 51242 781 2 the the DT 51242 781 3 first first JJ 51242 781 4 essential essential NN 51242 781 5 of of IN 51242 781 6 a a DT 51242 781 7 successful successful JJ 51242 781 8 electric electric JJ 51242 781 9 railway railway NN 51242 781 10 is be VBZ 51242 781 11 a a DT 51242 781 12 plentiful plentiful JJ 51242 781 13 supply supply NN 51242 781 14 of of IN 51242 781 15 cheap cheap JJ 51242 781 16 power power NN 51242 781 17 , , , 51242 781 18 development development NN 51242 781 19 from from IN 51242 781 20 the the DT 51242 781 21 experimental experimental JJ 51242 781 22 stage stage NN 51242 781 23 of of IN 51242 781 24 Portrush Portrush NNP 51242 781 25 had have VBD 51242 781 26 to to TO 51242 781 27 wait wait VB 51242 781 28 until until IN 51242 781 29 engineers engineer NNS 51242 781 30 mastered master VBD 51242 781 31 the the DT 51242 781 32 art art NN 51242 781 33 of of IN 51242 781 34 producing produce VBG 51242 781 35 electricity electricity NN 51242 781 36 from from IN 51242 781 37 large large JJ 51242 781 38 generators generator NNS 51242 781 39 . . . 51242 782 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 782 2 gained gain VBD 51242 782 3 the the DT 51242 782 4 necessary necessary JJ 51242 782 5 experience experience NN 51242 782 6 with with IN 51242 782 7 electric electric JJ 51242 782 8 tramways tramway NNS 51242 782 9 and and CC 51242 782 10 in in IN 51242 782 11 electric electric JJ 51242 782 12 lighting lighting NN 51242 782 13 . . . 51242 783 1 We -PRON- PRP 51242 783 2 have have VBP 51242 783 3 seen see VBN 51242 783 4 how how WRB 51242 783 5 , , , 51242 783 6 as as IN 51242 783 7 regards regard VBZ 51242 783 8 tramways tramway NNS 51242 783 9 , , , 51242 783 10 legislation legislation NN 51242 783 11 delayed delay VBN 51242 783 12 and and CC 51242 783 13 hampered hamper VBN 51242 783 14 progress progress NN 51242 783 15 . . . 51242 784 1 A a DT 51242 784 2 similar similar JJ 51242 784 3 cause cause NN 51242 784 4 was be VBD 51242 784 5 at at IN 51242 784 6 work work NN 51242 784 7 in in IN 51242 784 8 connection connection NN 51242 784 9 with with IN 51242 784 10 electric electric JJ 51242 784 11 lighting lighting NN 51242 784 12 . . . 51242 785 1 In in IN 51242 785 2 1882 1882 CD 51242 785 3 an an DT 51242 785 4 Act Act NNP 51242 785 5 was be VBD 51242 785 6 passed pass VBN 51242 785 7 regulating regulate VBG 51242 785 8 electric electric JJ 51242 785 9 lighting lighting NN 51242 785 10 on on IN 51242 785 11 lines line NNS 51242 785 12 modelled model VBN 51242 785 13 upon upon IN 51242 785 14 the the DT 51242 785 15 principles principle NNS 51242 785 16 of of IN 51242 785 17 the the DT 51242 785 18 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 785 19 Act Act NNP 51242 785 20 , , , 51242 785 21 1870 1870 CD 51242 785 22 . . . 51242 786 1 Capitalists capitalist NNS 51242 786 2 declined decline VBD 51242 786 3 to to TO 51242 786 4 work work VB 51242 786 5 under under IN 51242 786 6 this this DT 51242 786 7 Act act NN 51242 786 8 ; ; : 51242 786 9 and and CC 51242 786 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 786 11 was be VBD 51242 786 12 not not RB 51242 786 13 until until IN 51242 786 14 after after IN 51242 786 15 1888 1888 CD 51242 786 16 , , , 51242 786 17 when when WRB 51242 786 18 the the DT 51242 786 19 Act Act NNP 51242 786 20 was be VBD 51242 786 21 amended amend VBN 51242 786 22 , , , 51242 786 23 that that IN 51242 786 24 any any DT 51242 786 25 money money NN 51242 786 26 could could MD 51242 786 27 be be VB 51242 786 28 found find VBN 51242 786 29 in in IN 51242 786 30 Great Great NNP 51242 786 31 Britain Britain NNP 51242 786 32 for for IN 51242 786 33 electric electric JJ 51242 786 34 lighting lighting NN 51242 786 35 schemes scheme NNS 51242 786 36 . . . 51242 787 1 This this DT 51242 787 2 delay delay NN 51242 787 3 was be VBD 51242 787 4 a a DT 51242 787 5 serious serious JJ 51242 787 6 handicap handicap NN 51242 787 7 not not RB 51242 787 8 only only RB 51242 787 9 to to TO 51242 787 10 electric electric VB 51242 787 11 lighting lighting NN 51242 787 12 but but CC 51242 787 13 to to IN 51242 787 14 the the DT 51242 787 15 business business NN 51242 787 16 of of IN 51242 787 17 British british JJ 51242 787 18 electrical electrical JJ 51242 787 19 manufacturing manufacturing NN 51242 787 20 , , , 51242 787 21 as as IN 51242 787 22 there there EX 51242 787 23 was be VBD 51242 787 24 , , , 51242 787 25 comparatively comparatively RB 51242 787 26 speaking speak VBG 51242 787 27 , , , 51242 787 28 no no DT 51242 787 29 demand demand NN 51242 787 30 for for IN 51242 787 31 electrical electrical JJ 51242 787 32 plant plant NN 51242 787 33 for for IN 51242 787 34 over over IN 51242 787 35 six six CD 51242 787 36 years year NNS 51242 787 37 . . . 51242 788 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB 51242 788 2 , , , 51242 788 3 matters matter NNS 51242 788 4 had have VBD 51242 788 5 been be VBN 51242 788 6 advancing advance VBG 51242 788 7 on on IN 51242 788 8 normal normal JJ 51242 788 9 lines line NNS 51242 788 10 in in IN 51242 788 11 other other JJ 51242 788 12 countries country NNS 51242 788 13 ; ; : 51242 788 14 and and CC 51242 788 15 when when WRB 51242 788 16 the the DT 51242 788 17 demand demand NN 51242 788 18 came come VBD 51242 788 19 at at IN 51242 788 20 last last RB 51242 788 21 , , , 51242 788 22 the the DT 51242 788 23 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 51242 788 24 on on IN 51242 788 25 the the DT 51242 788 26 Continent Continent NNP 51242 788 27 and and CC 51242 788 28 in in IN 51242 788 29 America America NNP 51242 788 30 were be VBD 51242 788 31 the the DT 51242 788 32 only only JJ 51242 788 33 ones one NNS 51242 788 34 organised organise VBN 51242 788 35 and and CC 51242 788 36 ready ready JJ 51242 788 37 to to TO 51242 788 38 meet meet VB 51242 788 39 it -PRON- PRP 51242 788 40 . . . 51242 789 1 These these DT 51242 789 2 points point NNS 51242 789 3 must must MD 51242 789 4 be be VB 51242 789 5 touched touch VBN 51242 789 6 upon upon IN 51242 789 7 in in IN 51242 789 8 order order NN 51242 789 9 to to TO 51242 789 10 understand understand VB 51242 789 11 why why WRB 51242 789 12 so so RB 51242 789 13 long long RB 51242 789 14 a a DT 51242 789 15 period period NN 51242 789 16 elapsed elapse VBN 51242 789 17 between between IN 51242 789 18 the the DT 51242 789 19 pioneer pioneer NNP 51242 789 20 electric electric NNP 51242 789 21 railways railway NNS 51242 789 22 and and CC 51242 789 23 the the DT 51242 789 24 real real JJ 51242 789 25 electric electric JJ 51242 789 26 railway railway NN 51242 789 27 movement movement NN 51242 789 28 as as IN 51242 789 29 we -PRON- PRP 51242 789 30 know know VBP 51242 789 31 it -PRON- PRP 51242 789 32 to to IN 51242 789 33 - - HYPH 51242 789 34 day day NN 51242 789 35 . . . 51242 790 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 790 2 also also RB 51242 790 3 serve serve VBP 51242 790 4 to to TO 51242 790 5 explain explain VB 51242 790 6 the the DT 51242 790 7 prominent prominent JJ 51242 790 8 part part NN 51242 790 9 which which WDT 51242 790 10 American american JJ 51242 790 11 and and CC 51242 790 12 German german JJ 51242 790 13 firms firm NNS 51242 790 14 took take VBD 51242 790 15 in in RP 51242 790 16 electrical electrical JJ 51242 790 17 developments development NNS 51242 790 18 here here RB 51242 790 19 . . . 51242 791 1 Engineering engineering NN 51242 791 2 and and CC 51242 791 3 legislative legislative JJ 51242 791 4 conditions condition NNS 51242 791 5 combined combine VBN 51242 791 6 to to TO 51242 791 7 retard retard VB 51242 791 8 electric electric JJ 51242 791 9 railway railway NN 51242 791 10 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 791 11 so so IN 51242 791 12 that that IN 51242 791 13 it -PRON- PRP 51242 791 14 did do VBD 51242 791 15 not not RB 51242 791 16 begin begin VB 51242 791 17 to to TO 51242 791 18 take take VB 51242 791 19 firm firm JJ 51242 791 20 root root NN 51242 791 21 in in IN 51242 791 22 Great Great NNP 51242 791 23 Britain Britain NNP 51242 791 24 until until IN 51242 791 25 about about IN 51242 791 26 1890 1890 CD 51242 791 27 , , , 51242 791 28 and and CC 51242 791 29 did do VBD 51242 791 30 not not RB 51242 791 31 attain attain VB 51242 791 32 to to IN 51242 791 33 any any DT 51242 791 34 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 51242 791 35 growth growth NN 51242 791 36 until until IN 51242 791 37 the the DT 51242 791 38 beginning beginning NN 51242 791 39 of of IN 51242 791 40 the the DT 51242 791 41 twentieth twentieth JJ 51242 791 42 century century NN 51242 791 43 . . . 51242 792 1 Until until IN 51242 792 2 after after IN 51242 792 3 1890 1890 CD 51242 792 4 the the DT 51242 792 5 only only JJ 51242 792 6 electric electric JJ 51242 792 7 railways railway NNS 51242 792 8 in in IN 51242 792 9 Great Great NNP 51242 792 10 Britain Britain NNP 51242 792 11 taking take VBG 51242 792 12 power power NN 51242 792 13 from from IN 51242 792 14 steam steam NN 51242 792 15 dynamos dynamo NNS 51242 792 16 were be VBD 51242 792 17 those those DT 51242 792 18 at at IN 51242 792 19 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 792 20 Beach Beach NNP 51242 792 21 , , , 51242 792 22 Ryde Ryde NNP 51242 792 23 Pier Pier NNP 51242 792 24 ( ( -LRB- 51242 792 25 Isle Isle NNP 51242 792 26 of of IN 51242 792 27 Wight Wight NNP 51242 792 28 ) ) -RRB- 51242 792 29 and and CC 51242 792 30 Southend Southend NNP 51242 792 31 Pier Pier NNP 51242 792 32 , , , 51242 792 33 opened open VBN 51242 792 34 in in IN 51242 792 35 1883 1883 CD 51242 792 36 , , , 51242 792 37 1886 1886 CD 51242 792 38 and and CC 51242 792 39 1890 1890 CD 51242 792 40 respectively respectively RB 51242 792 41 . . . 51242 793 1 These these DT 51242 793 2 were be VBD 51242 793 3 all all DT 51242 793 4 , , , 51242 793 5 of of IN 51242 793 6 course course NN 51242 793 7 , , , 51242 793 8 of of IN 51242 793 9 short short JJ 51242 793 10 length length NN 51242 793 11 . . . 51242 794 1 The the DT 51242 794 2 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 794 3 Beach Beach NNP 51242 794 4 railway railway NN 51242 794 5 , , , 51242 794 6 designed design VBN 51242 794 7 and and CC 51242 794 8 constructed construct VBN 51242 794 9 by by IN 51242 794 10 Mr Mr NNP 51242 794 11 Magnus Magnus NNP 51242 794 12 Volk Volk NNP 51242 794 13 , , , 51242 794 14 was be VBD 51242 794 15 a a DT 51242 794 16 unique unique JJ 51242 794 17 piece piece NN 51242 794 18 of of IN 51242 794 19 work work NN 51242 794 20 . . . 51242 795 1 The the DT 51242 795 2 rails rail NNS 51242 795 3 were be VBD 51242 795 4 laid lay VBN 51242 795 5 on on IN 51242 795 6 heavy heavy JJ 51242 795 7 concrete concrete JJ 51242 795 8 blocks block NNS 51242 795 9 below below IN 51242 795 10 high high JJ 51242 795 11 - - HYPH 51242 795 12 water water NN 51242 795 13 mark mark NN 51242 795 14 ; ; , 51242 795 15 and and CC 51242 795 16 the the DT 51242 795 17 cars car NNS 51242 795 18 were be VBD 51242 795 19 platforms platform NNS 51242 795 20 raised raise VBN 51242 795 21 on on IN 51242 795 22 a a DT 51242 795 23 light light JJ 51242 795 24 iron iron NN 51242 795 25 structure structure NN 51242 795 26 . . . 51242 796 1 Power power NN 51242 796 2 was be VBD 51242 796 3 conveyed convey VBN 51242 796 4 to to IN 51242 796 5 the the DT 51242 796 6 cars car NNS 51242 796 7 from from IN 51242 796 8 wires wire NNS 51242 796 9 hung hang VBD 51242 796 10 on on IN 51242 796 11 posts post NNS 51242 796 12 like like IN 51242 796 13 the the DT 51242 796 14 standards standard NNS 51242 796 15 of of IN 51242 796 16 a a DT 51242 796 17 tramway tramway NN 51242 796 18 on on IN 51242 796 19 the the DT 51242 796 20 trolley trolley NN 51242 796 21 system system NN 51242 796 22 . . . 51242 797 1 The the DT 51242 797 2 unusual unusual JJ 51242 797 3 sensation sensation NN 51242 797 4 of of IN 51242 797 5 travelling travel VBG 51242 797 6 over over IN 51242 797 7 the the DT 51242 797 8 water water NN 51242 797 9 was be VBD 51242 797 10 enjoyed enjoy VBN 51242 797 11 by by IN 51242 797 12 hundreds hundred NNS 51242 797 13 of of IN 51242 797 14 people people NNS 51242 797 15 until until IN 51242 797 16 the the DT 51242 797 17 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 797 18 of of IN 51242 797 19 maintaining maintain VBG 51242 797 20 the the DT 51242 797 21 track track NN 51242 797 22 ( ( -LRB- 51242 797 23 owing owe VBG 51242 797 24 to to IN 51242 797 25 the the DT 51242 797 26 erosive erosive JJ 51242 797 27 action action NN 51242 797 28 of of IN 51242 797 29 the the DT 51242 797 30 waves wave NNS 51242 797 31 ) ) -RRB- 51242 797 32 led lead VBD 51242 797 33 to to IN 51242 797 34 the the DT 51242 797 35 railway railway NN 51242 797 36 being be VBG 51242 797 37 abandoned abandon VBN 51242 797 38 and and CC 51242 797 39 another another DT 51242 797 40 line line NN 51242 797 41 of of IN 51242 797 42 more more JJR 51242 797 43 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 797 44 character character NN 51242 797 45 being be VBG 51242 797 46 laid lay VBN 51242 797 47 on on IN 51242 797 48 the the DT 51242 797 49 level level NN 51242 797 50 of of IN 51242 797 51 the the DT 51242 797 52 undercliff undercliff JJ 51242 797 53 roadway roadway NN 51242 797 54 . . . 51242 798 1 The the DT 51242 798 2 first first JJ 51242 798 3 indication indication NN 51242 798 4 of of IN 51242 798 5 the the DT 51242 798 6 genuine genuine JJ 51242 798 7 electric electric JJ 51242 798 8 railway railway NN 51242 798 9 movement movement NN 51242 798 10 was be VBD 51242 798 11 given give VBN 51242 798 12 in in IN 51242 798 13 1893 1893 CD 51242 798 14 , , , 51242 798 15 when when WRB 51242 798 16 the the DT 51242 798 17 Liverpool Liverpool NNP 51242 798 18 Overhead Overhead NNP 51242 798 19 Railway Railway NNP 51242 798 20 was be VBD 51242 798 21 opened open VBN 51242 798 22 . . . 51242 799 1 This this DT 51242 799 2 line line NN 51242 799 3 was be VBD 51242 799 4 constructed construct VBN 51242 799 5 to to TO 51242 799 6 afford afford VB 51242 799 7 communication communication NN 51242 799 8 along along IN 51242 799 9 the the DT 51242 799 10 line line NN 51242 799 11 of of IN 51242 799 12 docks dock NNS 51242 799 13 fringing fringe VBG 51242 799 14 the the DT 51242 799 15 Mersey Mersey NNP 51242 799 16 . . . 51242 800 1 The the DT 51242 800 2 track track NN 51242 800 3 was be VBD 51242 800 4 carried carry VBN 51242 800 5 on on IN 51242 800 6 a a DT 51242 800 7 continuous continuous JJ 51242 800 8 bridge bridge NN 51242 800 9 in in IN 51242 800 10 order order NN 51242 800 11 to to TO 51242 800 12 avoid avoid VB 51242 800 13 obstruction obstruction NN 51242 800 14 between between IN 51242 800 15 the the DT 51242 800 16 docks dock NNS 51242 800 17 and and CC 51242 800 18 the the DT 51242 800 19 streets street NNS 51242 800 20 behind behind RB 51242 800 21 ; ; : 51242 800 22 and and CC 51242 800 23 being be VBG 51242 800 24 overhead overhead RB 51242 800 25 , , , 51242 800 26 there there EX 51242 800 27 were be VBD 51242 800 28 serious serious JJ 51242 800 29 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 51242 800 30 attached attach VBN 51242 800 31 to to IN 51242 800 32 the the DT 51242 800 33 use use NN 51242 800 34 of of IN 51242 800 35 steam steam NN 51242 800 36 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 800 37 . . . 51242 801 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 801 2 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 801 3 were be VBD 51242 801 4 therefore therefore RB 51242 801 5 employed employ VBN 51242 801 6 . . . 51242 802 1 In in IN 51242 802 2 this this DT 51242 802 3 case case NN 51242 802 4 , , , 51242 802 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 802 6 should should MD 51242 802 7 be be VB 51242 802 8 noted note VBN 51242 802 9 , , , 51242 802 10 electricity electricity NN 51242 802 11 was be VBD 51242 802 12 not not RB 51242 802 13 adopted adopt VBN 51242 802 14 because because IN 51242 802 15 it -PRON- PRP 51242 802 16 was be VBD 51242 802 17 more more RBR 51242 802 18 economical economical JJ 51242 802 19 or or CC 51242 802 20 efficient efficient JJ 51242 802 21 than than IN 51242 802 22 steam steam NN 51242 802 23 . . . 51242 803 1 The the DT 51242 803 2 reason reason NN 51242 803 3 lay lie VBD 51242 803 4 with with IN 51242 803 5 the the DT 51242 803 6 peculiar peculiar JJ 51242 803 7 situation situation NN 51242 803 8 of of IN 51242 803 9 the the DT 51242 803 10 railway railway NN 51242 803 11 . . . 51242 804 1 A a DT 51242 804 2 similar similar JJ 51242 804 3 reason reason NN 51242 804 4 decided decide VBD 51242 804 5 the the DT 51242 804 6 promoters promoter NNS 51242 804 7 of of IN 51242 804 8 the the DT 51242 804 9 City City NNP 51242 804 10 and and CC 51242 804 11 South South NNP 51242 804 12 London London NNP 51242 804 13 Railway Railway NNP 51242 804 14 to to TO 51242 804 15 try try VB 51242 804 16 electric electric JJ 51242 804 17 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 804 18 on on IN 51242 804 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 804 20 line line NN 51242 804 21 . . . 51242 805 1 This this DT 51242 805 2 railway railway NN 51242 805 3 , , , 51242 805 4 which which WDT 51242 805 5 was be VBD 51242 805 6 opened open VBN 51242 805 7 in in IN 51242 805 8 1890 1890 CD 51242 805 9 , , , 51242 805 10 was be VBD 51242 805 11 the the DT 51242 805 12 first first JJ 51242 805 13 deep deep JJ 51242 805 14 level level NN 51242 805 15 or or CC 51242 805 16 ' ' `` 51242 805 17 tube tube NN 51242 805 18 ' ' '' 51242 805 19 railway railway NN 51242 805 20 in in IN 51242 805 21 the the DT 51242 805 22 world world NN 51242 805 23 . . . 51242 806 1 Moreover moreover RB 51242 806 2 , , , 51242 806 3 it -PRON- PRP 51242 806 4 was be VBD 51242 806 5 constructed construct VBN 51242 806 6 and and CC 51242 806 7 equipped equip VBN 51242 806 8 throughout throughout IN 51242 806 9 by by IN 51242 806 10 British british JJ 51242 806 11 engineers engineer NNS 51242 806 12 , , , 51242 806 13 and and CC 51242 806 14 at at IN 51242 806 15 a a DT 51242 806 16 time time NN 51242 806 17 when when WRB 51242 806 18 the the DT 51242 806 19 art art NN 51242 806 20 of of IN 51242 806 21 tunnelling tunnelling NN 51242 806 22 was be VBD 51242 806 23 much much RB 51242 806 24 less less RBR 51242 806 25 advanced advanced JJ 51242 806 26 than than IN 51242 806 27 it -PRON- PRP 51242 806 28 is be VBZ 51242 806 29 now now RB 51242 806 30 . . . 51242 807 1 In in IN 51242 807 2 the the DT 51242 807 3 later later JJ 51242 807 4 and and CC 51242 807 5 more more RBR 51242 807 6 imposing imposing JJ 51242 807 7 development development NN 51242 807 8 of of IN 51242 807 9 tube tube NN 51242 807 10 railways railway NNS 51242 807 11 in in IN 51242 807 12 London London NNP 51242 807 13 , , , 51242 807 14 the the DT 51242 807 15 foresight foresight NN 51242 807 16 and and CC 51242 807 17 enterprise enterprise NN 51242 807 18 displayed display VBN 51242 807 19 by by IN 51242 807 20 the the DT 51242 807 21 pioneers pioneer NNS 51242 807 22 of of IN 51242 807 23 the the DT 51242 807 24 City City NNP 51242 807 25 and and CC 51242 807 26 South South NNP 51242 807 27 London London NNP 51242 807 28 Railway Railway NNP 51242 807 29 are be VBP 51242 807 30 apt apt JJ 51242 807 31 to to TO 51242 807 32 be be VB 51242 807 33 overlooked overlook VBN 51242 807 34 . . . 51242 808 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 808 2 was be VBD 51242 808 3 , , , 51242 808 4 however however RB 51242 808 5 , , , 51242 808 6 the the DT 51242 808 7 success success NN 51242 808 8 of of IN 51242 808 9 the the DT 51242 808 10 original original JJ 51242 808 11 line line NN 51242 808 12 from from IN 51242 808 13 the the DT 51242 808 14 Monument Monument NNP 51242 808 15 to to IN 51242 808 16 Clapham Clapham NNP 51242 808 17 which which WDT 51242 808 18 made make VBD 51242 808 19 it -PRON- PRP 51242 808 20 possible possible JJ 51242 808 21 to to TO 51242 808 22 raise raise VB 51242 808 23 capital capital NN 51242 808 24 for for IN 51242 808 25 the the DT 51242 808 26 Central Central NNP 51242 808 27 London London NNP 51242 808 28 Railway Railway NNP 51242 808 29 ( ( -LRB- 51242 808 30 opened open VBN 51242 808 31 in in IN 51242 808 32 1900 1900 CD 51242 808 33 ) ) -RRB- 51242 808 34 and and CC 51242 808 35 for for IN 51242 808 36 the the DT 51242 808 37 extensive extensive JJ 51242 808 38 tube tube NN 51242 808 39 railway railway NN 51242 808 40 system system NN 51242 808 41 organised organise VBN 51242 808 42 by by IN 51242 808 43 the the DT 51242 808 44 Underground Underground NNP 51242 808 45 Electric Electric NNP 51242 808 46 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 808 47 Company Company NNP 51242 808 48 of of IN 51242 808 49 London London NNP 51242 808 50 . . . 51242 809 1 On on IN 51242 809 2 a a DT 51242 809 3 deep deep JJ 51242 809 4 - - HYPH 51242 809 5 level level NN 51242 809 6 railway railway NN 51242 809 7 , , , 51242 809 8 steam steam NN 51242 809 9 is be VBZ 51242 809 10 , , , 51242 809 11 of of IN 51242 809 12 course course NN 51242 809 13 , , , 51242 809 14 out out IN 51242 809 15 of of IN 51242 809 16 the the DT 51242 809 17 question question NN 51242 809 18 . . . 51242 810 1 Even even RB 51242 810 2 on on IN 51242 810 3 the the DT 51242 810 4 old old JJ 51242 810 5 ' ' '' 51242 810 6 Underground Underground NNP 51242 810 7 , , , 51242 810 8 ' ' '' 51242 810 9 built build VBN 51242 810 10 close close RB 51242 810 11 to to IN 51242 810 12 the the DT 51242 810 13 surface surface NN 51242 810 14 and and CC 51242 810 15 furnished furnish VBN 51242 810 16 with with IN 51242 810 17 frequent frequent JJ 51242 810 18 openings opening NNS 51242 810 19 at at IN 51242 810 20 the the DT 51242 810 21 stations station NNS 51242 810 22 , , , 51242 810 23 and and CC 51242 810 24 by by IN 51242 810 25 means mean NNS 51242 810 26 of of IN 51242 810 27 ventilating ventilating NN 51242 810 28 shafts shaft NNS 51242 810 29 , , , 51242 810 30 the the DT 51242 810 31 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 810 32 conditions condition NNS 51242 810 33 were be VBD 51242 810 34 abominable abominable JJ 51242 810 35 . . . 51242 811 1 The the DT 51242 811 2 sulphurous sulphurous JJ 51242 811 3 fumes fume NNS 51242 811 4 were be VBD 51242 811 5 indeed indeed RB 51242 811 6 recommended recommend VBN 51242 811 7 for for IN 51242 811 8 asthma asthma NN 51242 811 9 and and CC 51242 811 10 other other JJ 51242 811 11 complaints complaint NNS 51242 811 12 , , , 51242 811 13 but but CC 51242 811 14 on on IN 51242 811 15 a a DT 51242 811 16 tube tube NN 51242 811 17 railway railway NN 51242 811 18 they -PRON- PRP 51242 811 19 would would MD 51242 811 20 have have VB 51242 811 21 been be VBN 51242 811 22 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 811 23 to to TO 51242 811 24 cure cure VB 51242 811 25 every every DT 51242 811 26 human human JJ 51242 811 27 ailment ailment NN 51242 811 28 . . . 51242 812 1 Therefore therefore RB 51242 812 2 the the DT 51242 812 3 choice choice NN 51242 812 4 lay lie VBD 51242 812 5 between between IN 51242 812 6 electric electric JJ 51242 812 7 traction traction NN 51242 812 8 and and CC 51242 812 9 haulage haulage NN 51242 812 10 by by IN 51242 812 11 cables cable NNS 51242 812 12 , , , 51242 812 13 compressed compress VBN 51242 812 14 air air NN 51242 812 15 , , , 51242 812 16 or or CC 51242 812 17 some some DT 51242 812 18 other other JJ 51242 812 19 innocuous innocuous JJ 51242 812 20 system system NN 51242 812 21 . . . 51242 813 1 Within within IN 51242 813 2 these these DT 51242 813 3 limits limit NNS 51242 813 4 electricity electricity NN 51242 813 5 was be VBD 51242 813 6 chosen choose VBN 51242 813 7 on on IN 51242 813 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 813 9 merits merit NNS 51242 813 10 . . . 51242 814 1 The the DT 51242 814 2 first first JJ 51242 814 3 railway railway NN 51242 814 4 in in IN 51242 814 5 Great Great NNP 51242 814 6 Britain Britain NNP 51242 814 7 to to TO 51242 814 8 undertake undertake VB 51242 814 9 conversion conversion NN 51242 814 10 was be VBD 51242 814 11 one one CD 51242 814 12 in in IN 51242 814 13 which which WDT 51242 814 14 both both CC 51242 814 15 the the DT 51242 814 16 physical physical JJ 51242 814 17 and and CC 51242 814 18 economic economic JJ 51242 814 19 troubles trouble NNS 51242 814 20 were be VBD 51242 814 21 exceptionally exceptionally RB 51242 814 22 serious serious JJ 51242 814 23 . . . 51242 815 1 The the DT 51242 815 2 Mersey Mersey NNP 51242 815 3 Railway Railway NNP 51242 815 4 is be VBZ 51242 815 5 little little RB 51242 815 6 more more JJR 51242 815 7 than than IN 51242 815 8 a a DT 51242 815 9 tunnel tunnel NN 51242 815 10 under under IN 51242 815 11 the the DT 51242 815 12 river river NN 51242 815 13 , , , 51242 815 14 and and CC 51242 815 15 it -PRON- PRP 51242 815 16 is be VBZ 51242 815 17 distinguished distinguish VBN 51242 815 18 by by IN 51242 815 19 heavy heavy JJ 51242 815 20 gradients gradient NNS 51242 815 21 and and CC 51242 815 22 by by IN 51242 815 23 the the DT 51242 815 24 continuous continuous JJ 51242 815 25 necessity necessity NN 51242 815 26 of of IN 51242 815 27 pumping pump VBG 51242 815 28 out out RP 51242 815 29 the the DT 51242 815 30 water water NN 51242 815 31 which which WDT 51242 815 32 drains drain VBZ 51242 815 33 into into IN 51242 815 34 it -PRON- PRP 51242 815 35 . . . 51242 816 1 With with IN 51242 816 2 steam steam NN 51242 816 3 traction traction NN 51242 816 4 the the DT 51242 816 5 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 816 6 of of IN 51242 816 7 ventilating ventilate VBG 51242 816 8 the the DT 51242 816 9 tunnel tunnel NN 51242 816 10 was be VBD 51242 816 11 an an DT 51242 816 12 added add VBN 51242 816 13 trouble trouble NN 51242 816 14 . . . 51242 817 1 Owing owe VBG 51242 817 2 to to IN 51242 817 3 these these DT 51242 817 4 various various JJ 51242 817 5 causes cause VBZ 51242 817 6 the the DT 51242 817 7 working working NN 51242 817 8 expenses expense NNS 51242 817 9 were be VBD 51242 817 10 abnormally abnormally RB 51242 817 11 heavy heavy JJ 51242 817 12 , , , 51242 817 13 and and CC 51242 817 14 led lead VBD 51242 817 15 ultimately ultimately RB 51242 817 16 to to IN 51242 817 17 a a DT 51242 817 18 receivership receivership NN 51242 817 19 . . . 51242 818 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 818 2 traction traction NN 51242 818 3 was be VBD 51242 818 4 adopted adopt VBN 51242 818 5 as as IN 51242 818 6 the the DT 51242 818 7 only only JJ 51242 818 8 possible possible JJ 51242 818 9 cure cure NN 51242 818 10 . . . 51242 819 1 The the DT 51242 819 2 pumping pumping NN 51242 819 3 and and CC 51242 819 4 ventilation ventilation NN 51242 819 5 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 819 6 were be VBD 51242 819 7 both both DT 51242 819 8 reorganised reorganise VBN 51242 819 9 for for IN 51242 819 10 electric electric JJ 51242 819 11 power power NN 51242 819 12 ; ; : 51242 819 13 and and CC 51242 819 14 the the DT 51242 819 15 trains train NNS 51242 819 16 were be VBD 51242 819 17 equipped equip VBN 51242 819 18 with with IN 51242 819 19 electric electric JJ 51242 819 20 traction traction NN 51242 819 21 on on IN 51242 819 22 the the DT 51242 819 23 ' ' `` 51242 819 24 multiple multiple JJ 51242 819 25 - - HYPH 51242 819 26 unit unit NN 51242 819 27 ' ' '' 51242 819 28 system system NN 51242 819 29 , , , 51242 819 30 an an DT 51242 819 31 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 819 32 -- -- : 51242 819 33 to to TO 51242 819 34 be be VB 51242 819 35 described describe VBN 51242 819 36 in in IN 51242 819 37 the the DT 51242 819 38 next next JJ 51242 819 39 chapter chapter NN 51242 819 40 -- -- : 51242 819 41 which which WDT 51242 819 42 is be VBZ 51242 819 43 well well RB 51242 819 44 suited suited JJ 51242 819 45 to to IN 51242 819 46 the the DT 51242 819 47 economical economical JJ 51242 819 48 handling handling NN 51242 819 49 of of IN 51242 819 50 steep steep JJ 51242 819 51 gradients gradient NNS 51242 819 52 . . . 51242 820 1 The the DT 51242 820 2 practical practical JJ 51242 820 3 result result NN 51242 820 4 was be VBD 51242 820 5 a a DT 51242 820 6 great great JJ 51242 820 7 increase increase NN 51242 820 8 in in IN 51242 820 9 traffic traffic NN 51242 820 10 , , , 51242 820 11 with with IN 51242 820 12 a a DT 51242 820 13 marked marked JJ 51242 820 14 decrease decrease NN 51242 820 15 in in IN 51242 820 16 the the DT 51242 820 17 proportion proportion NN 51242 820 18 of of IN 51242 820 19 expenses expense NNS 51242 820 20 to to IN 51242 820 21 receipts receipt NNS 51242 820 22 . . . 51242 821 1 No no DT 51242 821 2 other other JJ 51242 821 3 British british JJ 51242 821 4 railways railway NNS 51242 821 5 , , , 51242 821 6 happily happily RB 51242 821 7 , , , 51242 821 8 were be VBD 51242 821 9 in in IN 51242 821 10 so so RB 51242 821 11 desperate desperate JJ 51242 821 12 a a DT 51242 821 13 condition condition NN 51242 821 14 as as IN 51242 821 15 the the DT 51242 821 16 Mersey Mersey NNP 51242 821 17 line line NN 51242 821 18 , , , 51242 821 19 but but CC 51242 821 20 all all DT 51242 821 21 of of IN 51242 821 22 them -PRON- PRP 51242 821 23 were be VBD 51242 821 24 , , , 51242 821 25 at at IN 51242 821 26 the the DT 51242 821 27 end end NN 51242 821 28 of of IN 51242 821 29 last last JJ 51242 821 30 century century NN 51242 821 31 , , , 51242 821 32 feeling feel VBG 51242 821 33 the the DT 51242 821 34 effect effect NN 51242 821 35 of of IN 51242 821 36 certain certain JJ 51242 821 37 disquieting disquieting JJ 51242 821 38 tendencies tendency NNS 51242 821 39 . . . 51242 822 1 These these DT 51242 822 2 tendencies tendency NNS 51242 822 3 were be VBD 51242 822 4 most most RBS 51242 822 5 marked mark VBN 51242 822 6 in in IN 51242 822 7 connection connection NN 51242 822 8 with with IN 51242 822 9 suburban suburban JJ 51242 822 10 and and CC 51242 822 11 short short JJ 51242 822 12 - - HYPH 51242 822 13 distance distance NN 51242 822 14 inter inter JJ 51242 822 15 - - JJ 51242 822 16 urban urban JJ 51242 822 17 traffic traffic NN 51242 822 18 , , , 51242 822 19 which which WDT 51242 822 20 is be VBZ 51242 822 21 quite quite RB 51242 822 22 distinct distinct JJ 51242 822 23 in in IN 51242 822 24 character character NN 51242 822 25 from from IN 51242 822 26 the the DT 51242 822 27 main main JJ 51242 822 28 - - HYPH 51242 822 29 line line NN 51242 822 30 traffic traffic NN 51242 822 31 . . . 51242 823 1 We -PRON- PRP 51242 823 2 talk talk VBP 51242 823 3 glibly glibly RB 51242 823 4 enough enough JJ 51242 823 5 of of IN 51242 823 6 railway railway NN 51242 823 7 traffic traffic NN 51242 823 8 as as IN 51242 823 9 if if IN 51242 823 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 823 11 were be VBD 51242 823 12 a a DT 51242 823 13 unity unity NN 51242 823 14 , , , 51242 823 15 but but CC 51242 823 16 it -PRON- PRP 51242 823 17 is be VBZ 51242 823 18 clear clear JJ 51242 823 19 that that IN 51242 823 20 very very RB 51242 823 21 different different JJ 51242 823 22 considerations consideration NNS 51242 823 23 govern govern VBP 51242 823 24 the the DT 51242 823 25 traffic traffic NN 51242 823 26 on on IN 51242 823 27 a a DT 51242 823 28 main main JJ 51242 823 29 line line NN 51242 823 30 between between IN 51242 823 31 , , , 51242 823 32 say say UH 51242 823 33 , , , 51242 823 34 London London NNP 51242 823 35 and and CC 51242 823 36 Glasgow Glasgow NNP 51242 823 37 , , , 51242 823 38 and and CC 51242 823 39 those those DT 51242 823 40 which which WDT 51242 823 41 control control VBP 51242 823 42 the the DT 51242 823 43 traffic traffic NN 51242 823 44 on on IN 51242 823 45 London London NNP 51242 823 46 suburban suburban JJ 51242 823 47 routes route NNS 51242 823 48 or or CC 51242 823 49 on on IN 51242 823 50 a a DT 51242 823 51 railway railway NN 51242 823 52 connecting connect VBG 51242 823 53 the the DT 51242 823 54 adjacent adjacent JJ 51242 823 55 towns town NNS 51242 823 56 of of IN 51242 823 57 the the DT 51242 823 58 Potteries Potteries NNPS 51242 823 59 . . . 51242 824 1 Some some DT 51242 824 2 railways railway NNS 51242 824 3 have have VBP 51242 824 4 to to TO 51242 824 5 deal deal VB 51242 824 6 with with IN 51242 824 7 all all DT 51242 824 8 three three CD 51242 824 9 classes class NNS 51242 824 10 at at IN 51242 824 11 the the DT 51242 824 12 same same JJ 51242 824 13 time time NN 51242 824 14 and and CC 51242 824 15 occasionally occasionally RB 51242 824 16 on on IN 51242 824 17 the the DT 51242 824 18 same same JJ 51242 824 19 lines line NNS 51242 824 20 of of IN 51242 824 21 rails rail NNS 51242 824 22 . . . 51242 825 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 825 2 traction traction NN 51242 825 3 has have VBZ 51242 825 4 , , , 51242 825 5 so so RB 51242 825 6 far far RB 51242 825 7 , , , 51242 825 8 made make VBD 51242 825 9 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 825 10 felt feel VBN 51242 825 11 only only RB 51242 825 12 where where WRB 51242 825 13 the the DT 51242 825 14 suburban suburban JJ 51242 825 15 or or CC 51242 825 16 similar similar JJ 51242 825 17 inter inter JJ 51242 825 18 - - JJ 51242 825 19 urban urban JJ 51242 825 20 traffic traffic NN 51242 825 21 has have VBZ 51242 825 22 been be VBN 51242 825 23 separable separable JJ 51242 825 24 from from IN 51242 825 25 the the DT 51242 825 26 main main JJ 51242 825 27 line line NN 51242 825 28 traffic traffic NN 51242 825 29 . . . 51242 826 1 The the DT 51242 826 2 growth growth NN 51242 826 3 which which WDT 51242 826 4 took take VBD 51242 826 5 place place NN 51242 826 6 in in IN 51242 826 7 suburban suburban JJ 51242 826 8 traffic traffic NN 51242 826 9 before before IN 51242 826 10 and and CC 51242 826 11 after after IN 51242 826 12 the the DT 51242 826 13 end end NN 51242 826 14 of of IN 51242 826 15 the the DT 51242 826 16 century century NN 51242 826 17 ought ought MD 51242 826 18 to to TO 51242 826 19 have have VB 51242 826 20 brought bring VBN 51242 826 21 increased increase VBN 51242 826 22 prosperity prosperity NN 51242 826 23 to to IN 51242 826 24 the the DT 51242 826 25 railway railway NN 51242 826 26 companies company NNS 51242 826 27 , , , 51242 826 28 but but CC 51242 826 29 it -PRON- PRP 51242 826 30 did do VBD 51242 826 31 not not RB 51242 826 32 always always RB 51242 826 33 do do VB 51242 826 34 so so RB 51242 826 35 . . . 51242 827 1 Competition competition NN 51242 827 2 between between IN 51242 827 3 the the DT 51242 827 4 various various JJ 51242 827 5 companies company NNS 51242 827 6 led lead VBD 51242 827 7 to to IN 51242 827 8 a a DT 51242 827 9 reduction reduction NN 51242 827 10 in in IN 51242 827 11 fares fare NNS 51242 827 12 ; ; : 51242 827 13 Parliament Parliament NNP 51242 827 14 , , , 51242 827 15 by by IN 51242 827 16 establishing establish VBG 51242 827 17 workmen workman NNS 51242 827 18 's 's POS 51242 827 19 fares fare NNS 51242 827 20 , , , 51242 827 21 forced force VBD 51242 827 22 the the DT 51242 827 23 companies company NNS 51242 827 24 to to TO 51242 827 25 carry carry VB 51242 827 26 an an DT 51242 827 27 ever ever RB 51242 827 28 - - HYPH 51242 827 29 increasing increase VBG 51242 827 30 number number NN 51242 827 31 of of IN 51242 827 32 passengers passenger NNS 51242 827 33 at at IN 51242 827 34 a a DT 51242 827 35 loss loss NN 51242 827 36 , , , 51242 827 37 or or CC 51242 827 38 at at IN 51242 827 39 least least JJS 51242 827 40 without without IN 51242 827 41 profit profit NN 51242 827 42 ; ; : 51242 827 43 wages wage NNS 51242 827 44 tended tend VBD 51242 827 45 to to TO 51242 827 46 increase increase VB 51242 827 47 and and CC 51242 827 48 hours hour NNS 51242 827 49 of of IN 51242 827 50 working work VBG 51242 827 51 to to TO 51242 827 52 decrease decrease VB 51242 827 53 -- -- : 51242 827 54 both both DT 51242 827 55 affecting affect VBG 51242 827 56 the the DT 51242 827 57 cost cost NN 51242 827 58 of of IN 51242 827 59 operation operation NN 51242 827 60 ; ; : 51242 827 61 rates rate NNS 51242 827 62 and and CC 51242 827 63 taxes taxis NNS 51242 827 64 became become VBD 51242 827 65 heavier heavy JJR 51242 827 66 and and CC 51242 827 67 heavier heavy JJR 51242 827 68 with with IN 51242 827 69 the the DT 51242 827 70 growth growth NN 51242 827 71 of of IN 51242 827 72 municipal municipal JJ 51242 827 73 expenditure expenditure NN 51242 827 74 ; ; : 51242 827 75 and and CC 51242 827 76 a a DT 51242 827 77 higher high JJR 51242 827 78 standard standard NN 51242 827 79 of of IN 51242 827 80 comfort comfort NN 51242 827 81 and and CC 51242 827 82 efficiency efficiency NN 51242 827 83 was be VBD 51242 827 84 demanded demand VBN 51242 827 85 by by IN 51242 827 86 the the DT 51242 827 87 public public NN 51242 827 88 . . . 51242 828 1 In in IN 51242 828 2 some some DT 51242 828 3 instances instance NNS 51242 828 4 the the DT 51242 828 5 situation situation NN 51242 828 6 was be VBD 51242 828 7 aggravated aggravate VBN 51242 828 8 by by IN 51242 828 9 the the DT 51242 828 10 competition competition NN 51242 828 11 of of IN 51242 828 12 electric electric JJ 51242 828 13 tramways tramway NNS 51242 828 14 along along IN 51242 828 15 routes route NNS 51242 828 16 parallel parallel JJ 51242 828 17 to to IN 51242 828 18 the the DT 51242 828 19 railways railway NNS 51242 828 20 . . . 51242 829 1 This this DT 51242 829 2 competition competition NN 51242 829 3 was be VBD 51242 829 4 limited limit VBN 51242 829 5 to to IN 51242 829 6 point point VB 51242 829 7 - - HYPH 51242 829 8 to to IN 51242 829 9 - - HYPH 51242 829 10 point point NN 51242 829 11 traffic traffic NN 51242 829 12 , , , 51242 829 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 829 14 maximum maximum JJ 51242 829 15 range range NN 51242 829 16 being be VBG 51242 829 17 about about RB 51242 829 18 three three CD 51242 829 19 miles mile NNS 51242 829 20 ; ; : 51242 829 21 but but CC 51242 829 22 it -PRON- PRP 51242 829 23 was be VBD 51242 829 24 a a DT 51242 829 25 grievance grievance NN 51242 829 26 against against IN 51242 829 27 which which WDT 51242 829 28 the the DT 51242 829 29 railway railway NN 51242 829 30 companies company NNS 51242 829 31 protested protest VBD 51242 829 32 very very RB 51242 829 33 loudly loudly RB 51242 829 34 , , , 51242 829 35 especially especially RB 51242 829 36 when when WRB 51242 829 37 the the DT 51242 829 38 tramways tramway NNS 51242 829 39 were be VBD 51242 829 40 owned own VBN 51242 829 41 by by IN 51242 829 42 local local JJ 51242 829 43 authorities authority NNS 51242 829 44 to to TO 51242 829 45 which which WDT 51242 829 46 the the DT 51242 829 47 railways railway NNS 51242 829 48 paid pay VBD 51242 829 49 large large JJ 51242 829 50 sums sum NNS 51242 829 51 in in IN 51242 829 52 rates rate NNS 51242 829 53 . . . 51242 830 1 The the DT 51242 830 2 general general JJ 51242 830 3 effect effect NN 51242 830 4 of of IN 51242 830 5 all all PDT 51242 830 6 these these DT 51242 830 7 factors factor NNS 51242 830 8 was be VBD 51242 830 9 to to TO 51242 830 10 reduce reduce VB 51242 830 11 the the DT 51242 830 12 margin margin NN 51242 830 13 of of IN 51242 830 14 profit profit NN 51242 830 15 on on IN 51242 830 16 which which WDT 51242 830 17 the the DT 51242 830 18 railways railway NNS 51242 830 19 were be VBD 51242 830 20 working work VBG 51242 830 21 . . . 51242 831 1 We -PRON- PRP 51242 831 2 have have VBP 51242 831 3 seen see VBN 51242 831 4 , , , 51242 831 5 in in IN 51242 831 6 the the DT 51242 831 7 case case NN 51242 831 8 of of IN 51242 831 9 tramways tramway NNS 51242 831 10 , , , 51242 831 11 how how WRB 51242 831 12 easy easy JJ 51242 831 13 it -PRON- PRP 51242 831 14 is be VBZ 51242 831 15 for for IN 51242 831 16 a a DT 51242 831 17 slight slight JJ 51242 831 18 change change NN 51242 831 19 in in IN 51242 831 20 a a DT 51242 831 21 frequently frequently RB 51242 831 22 - - HYPH 51242 831 23 recurring recur VBG 51242 831 24 expense expense NN 51242 831 25 to to TO 51242 831 26 have have VB 51242 831 27 a a DT 51242 831 28 serious serious JJ 51242 831 29 effect effect NN 51242 831 30 in in IN 51242 831 31 the the DT 51242 831 32 aggregate aggregate NN 51242 831 33 . . . 51242 832 1 Railways railway NNS 51242 832 2 are be VBP 51242 832 3 in in IN 51242 832 4 much much RB 51242 832 5 the the DT 51242 832 6 same same JJ 51242 832 7 position position NN 51242 832 8 ; ; : 51242 832 9 and and CC 51242 832 10 the the DT 51242 832 11 various various JJ 51242 832 12 influences influence NNS 51242 832 13 at at IN 51242 832 14 work work NN 51242 832 15 upon upon IN 51242 832 16 the the DT 51242 832 17 suburban suburban JJ 51242 832 18 traffic traffic NN 51242 832 19 brought bring VBD 51242 832 20 them -PRON- PRP 51242 832 21 face face NN 51242 832 22 to to IN 51242 832 23 face face NN 51242 832 24 with with IN 51242 832 25 the the DT 51242 832 26 importance importance NN 51242 832 27 , , , 51242 832 28 if if IN 51242 832 29 not not RB 51242 832 30 the the DT 51242 832 31 necessity necessity NN 51242 832 32 , , , 51242 832 33 of of IN 51242 832 34 finding find VBG 51242 832 35 some some DT 51242 832 36 means mean NNS 51242 832 37 of of IN 51242 832 38 dealing deal VBG 51242 832 39 with with IN 51242 832 40 larger large JJR 51242 832 41 volumes volume NNS 51242 832 42 of of IN 51242 832 43 traffic traffic NN 51242 832 44 on on IN 51242 832 45 a a DT 51242 832 46 basis basis NN 51242 832 47 more more RBR 51242 832 48 economical economical JJ 51242 832 49 than than IN 51242 832 50 that that DT 51242 832 51 provided provide VBN 51242 832 52 by by IN 51242 832 53 steam steam NN 51242 832 54 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 832 55 . . . 51242 833 1 This this DT 51242 833 2 means mean VBZ 51242 833 3 they -PRON- PRP 51242 833 4 found find VBD 51242 833 5 in in IN 51242 833 6 electric electric JJ 51242 833 7 traction traction NN 51242 833 8 ; ; : 51242 833 9 but but CC 51242 833 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 833 11 may may MD 51242 833 12 be be VB 51242 833 13 noted note VBN 51242 833 14 that that IN 51242 833 15 even even RB 51242 833 16 railway railway NN 51242 833 17 engineers engineer NNS 51242 833 18 took take VBD 51242 833 19 some some DT 51242 833 20 time time NN 51242 833 21 to to TO 51242 833 22 realise realise VB 51242 833 23 exactly exactly RB 51242 833 24 what what WP 51242 833 25 electric electric JJ 51242 833 26 traction traction NN 51242 833 27 offered offer VBD 51242 833 28 them -PRON- PRP 51242 833 29 . . . 51242 834 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 834 2 were be VBD 51242 834 3 looking look VBG 51242 834 4 for for IN 51242 834 5 something something NN 51242 834 6 to to TO 51242 834 7 reduce reduce VB 51242 834 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 834 9 annual annual JJ 51242 834 10 expenses expense NNS 51242 834 11 ; ; : 51242 834 12 and and CC 51242 834 13 when when WRB 51242 834 14 they -PRON- PRP 51242 834 15 made make VBD 51242 834 16 calculations calculation NNS 51242 834 17 about about IN 51242 834 18 electric electric JJ 51242 834 19 traction traction NN 51242 834 20 they -PRON- PRP 51242 834 21 found find VBD 51242 834 22 that that IN 51242 834 23 , , , 51242 834 24 when when WRB 51242 834 25 the the DT 51242 834 26 expense expense NN 51242 834 27 of of IN 51242 834 28 providing provide VBG 51242 834 29 the the DT 51242 834 30 electrical electrical JJ 51242 834 31 equipment equipment NN 51242 834 32 was be VBD 51242 834 33 taken take VBN 51242 834 34 into into IN 51242 834 35 account account NN 51242 834 36 , , , 51242 834 37 the the DT 51242 834 38 total total JJ 51242 834 39 cost cost NN 51242 834 40 of of IN 51242 834 41 hauling haul VBG 51242 834 42 the the DT 51242 834 43 trains train NNS 51242 834 44 electrically electrically RB 51242 834 45 on on IN 51242 834 46 the the DT 51242 834 47 existing exist VBG 51242 834 48 schedule schedule NN 51242 834 49 might may MD 51242 834 50 be be VB 51242 834 51 greater great JJR 51242 834 52 instead instead RB 51242 834 53 of of IN 51242 834 54 less less JJR 51242 834 55 than than IN 51242 834 56 the the DT 51242 834 57 cost cost NN 51242 834 58 of of IN 51242 834 59 steam steam NN 51242 834 60 haulage haulage NN 51242 834 61 . . . 51242 835 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 835 2 were be VBD 51242 835 3 therefore therefore RB 51242 835 4 inclined inclined JJ 51242 835 5 to to TO 51242 835 6 look look VB 51242 835 7 upon upon IN 51242 835 8 the the DT 51242 835 9 economic economic JJ 51242 835 10 benefits benefit NNS 51242 835 11 of of IN 51242 835 12 electric electric JJ 51242 835 13 traction traction NN 51242 835 14 as as IN 51242 835 15 an an DT 51242 835 16 illusion illusion NN 51242 835 17 . . . 51242 836 1 In in IN 51242 836 2 course course NN 51242 836 3 of of IN 51242 836 4 time time NN 51242 836 5 , , , 51242 836 6 however however RB 51242 836 7 , , , 51242 836 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 836 9 came come VBD 51242 836 10 to to TO 51242 836 11 be be VB 51242 836 12 recognised recognise VBN 51242 836 13 that that IN 51242 836 14 the the DT 51242 836 15 function function NN 51242 836 16 of of IN 51242 836 17 electricity electricity NN 51242 836 18 is be VBZ 51242 836 19 not not RB 51242 836 20 to to TO 51242 836 21 act act VB 51242 836 22 like like IN 51242 836 23 a a DT 51242 836 24 blue blue JJ 51242 836 25 pencil pencil NN 51242 836 26 on on IN 51242 836 27 the the DT 51242 836 28 debit debit NN 51242 836 29 side side NN 51242 836 30 of of IN 51242 836 31 the the DT 51242 836 32 revenue revenue NN 51242 836 33 account account NN 51242 836 34 . . . 51242 837 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 837 2 essential essential JJ 51242 837 3 purpose purpose NN 51242 837 4 is be VBZ 51242 837 5 to to TO 51242 837 6 increase increase VB 51242 837 7 the the DT 51242 837 8 volume volume NN 51242 837 9 of of IN 51242 837 10 traffic traffic NN 51242 837 11 . . . 51242 838 1 From from IN 51242 838 2 the the DT 51242 838 3 public public JJ 51242 838 4 point point NN 51242 838 5 of of IN 51242 838 6 view view NN 51242 838 7 this this DT 51242 838 8 is be VBZ 51242 838 9 very very RB 51242 838 10 much much RB 51242 838 11 more more RBR 51242 838 12 valuable valuable JJ 51242 838 13 . . . 51242 839 1 Passengers passenger NNS 51242 839 2 are be VBP 51242 839 3 not not RB 51242 839 4 directly directly RB 51242 839 5 concerned concern VBN 51242 839 6 with with IN 51242 839 7 means mean NNS 51242 839 8 of of IN 51242 839 9 reducing reduce VBG 51242 839 10 working working NN 51242 839 11 expenses expense NNS 51242 839 12 , , , 51242 839 13 but but CC 51242 839 14 they -PRON- PRP 51242 839 15 are be VBP 51242 839 16 closely closely RB 51242 839 17 interested interested JJ 51242 839 18 in in IN 51242 839 19 the the DT 51242 839 20 improvement improvement NN 51242 839 21 of of IN 51242 839 22 the the DT 51242 839 23 frequency frequency NN 51242 839 24 and and CC 51242 839 25 speed speed NN 51242 839 26 of of IN 51242 839 27 the the DT 51242 839 28 service service NN 51242 839 29 . . . 51242 840 1 The the DT 51242 840 2 adoption adoption NN 51242 840 3 of of IN 51242 840 4 electricity electricity NN 51242 840 5 on on IN 51242 840 6 suburban suburban JJ 51242 840 7 lines line NNS 51242 840 8 has have VBZ 51242 840 9 really really RB 51242 840 10 been be VBN 51242 840 11 dictated dictate VBN 51242 840 12 by by IN 51242 840 13 the the DT 51242 840 14 demand demand NN 51242 840 15 for for IN 51242 840 16 increased increase VBN 51242 840 17 facilities facility NNS 51242 840 18 . . . 51242 841 1 At at IN 51242 841 2 the the DT 51242 841 3 ' ' `` 51242 841 4 rush rush NN 51242 841 5 ' ' '' 51242 841 6 hours hour NNS 51242 841 7 of of IN 51242 841 8 the the DT 51242 841 9 morning morning NN 51242 841 10 and and CC 51242 841 11 evening evening NN 51242 841 12 , , , 51242 841 13 when when WRB 51242 841 14 the the DT 51242 841 15 great great JJ 51242 841 16 tide tide NN 51242 841 17 of of IN 51242 841 18 workers worker NNS 51242 841 19 flows flow VBZ 51242 841 20 and and CC 51242 841 21 ebbs ebb NNS 51242 841 22 , , , 51242 841 23 the the DT 51242 841 24 capacity capacity NN 51242 841 25 of of IN 51242 841 26 the the DT 51242 841 27 steam steam NN 51242 841 28 lines line NNS 51242 841 29 was be VBD 51242 841 30 taxed tax VBN 51242 841 31 to to IN 51242 841 32 the the DT 51242 841 33 utmost utmost NN 51242 841 34 . . . 51242 842 1 And and CC 51242 842 2 with with IN 51242 842 3 the the DT 51242 842 4 growth growth NN 51242 842 5 of of IN 51242 842 6 population population NN 51242 842 7 the the DT 51242 842 8 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 842 9 of of IN 51242 842 10 running run VBG 51242 842 11 sufficiently sufficiently RB 51242 842 12 frequent frequent JJ 51242 842 13 trains train NNS 51242 842 14 became become VBD 51242 842 15 almost almost RB 51242 842 16 insuperable insuperable JJ 51242 842 17 . . . 51242 843 1 Apart apart RB 51242 843 2 from from IN 51242 843 3 these these DT 51242 843 4 particular particular JJ 51242 843 5 necessities necessity NNS 51242 843 6 , , , 51242 843 7 the the DT 51242 843 8 general general JJ 51242 843 9 features feature NNS 51242 843 10 of of IN 51242 843 11 railway railway NN 51242 843 12 economics economic NNS 51242 843 13 point point NN 51242 843 14 to to IN 51242 843 15 the the DT 51242 843 16 supreme supreme NNP 51242 843 17 advantage advantage NN 51242 843 18 of of IN 51242 843 19 increasing increase VBG 51242 843 20 the the DT 51242 843 21 volume volume NN 51242 843 22 of of IN 51242 843 23 traffic traffic NN 51242 843 24 in in IN 51242 843 25 every every DT 51242 843 26 possible possible JJ 51242 843 27 way way NN 51242 843 28 . . . 51242 844 1 In in IN 51242 844 2 a a DT 51242 844 3 railway railway NN 51242 844 4 , , , 51242 844 5 as as IN 51242 844 6 in in IN 51242 844 7 a a DT 51242 844 8 tramway tramway NN 51242 844 9 , , , 51242 844 10 the the DT 51242 844 11 preponderating preponderate VBG 51242 844 12 item item NN 51242 844 13 is be VBZ 51242 844 14 the the DT 51242 844 15 cost cost NN 51242 844 16 of of IN 51242 844 17 construction construction NN 51242 844 18 and and CC 51242 844 19 maintenance maintenance NN 51242 844 20 ; ; , 51242 844 21 and and CC 51242 844 22 unless unless IN 51242 844 23 a a DT 51242 844 24 certain certain JJ 51242 844 25 minimum minimum NN 51242 844 26 of of IN 51242 844 27 traffic traffic NN 51242 844 28 is be VBZ 51242 844 29 carried carry VBN 51242 844 30 , , , 51242 844 31 the the DT 51242 844 32 most most RBS 51242 844 33 economical economical JJ 51242 844 34 working working NN 51242 844 35 in in IN 51242 844 36 the the DT 51242 844 37 world world NN 51242 844 38 will will MD 51242 844 39 not not RB 51242 844 40 secure secure VB 51242 844 41 a a DT 51242 844 42 profit profit NN 51242 844 43 . . . 51242 845 1 The the DT 51242 845 2 standing stand VBG 51242 845 3 charges charge NNS 51242 845 4 fall fall VBP 51242 845 5 upon upon IN 51242 845 6 the the DT 51242 845 7 idle idle JJ 51242 845 8 hours hour NNS 51242 845 9 as as RB 51242 845 10 well well RB 51242 845 11 as as IN 51242 845 12 upon upon IN 51242 845 13 the the DT 51242 845 14 busy busy JJ 51242 845 15 ; ; : 51242 845 16 for for IN 51242 845 17 every every DT 51242 845 18 minute minute NN 51242 845 19 that that IN 51242 845 20 a a DT 51242 845 21 line line NN 51242 845 22 of of IN 51242 845 23 rails rail NNS 51242 845 24 stands stand VBZ 51242 845 25 empty empty JJ 51242 845 26 there there EX 51242 845 27 is be VBZ 51242 845 28 a a DT 51242 845 29 loss loss NN 51242 845 30 of of IN 51242 845 31 money money NN 51242 845 32 . . . 51242 846 1 Railway railway NN 51242 846 2 progress progress NN 51242 846 3 depends depend VBZ 51242 846 4 upon upon IN 51242 846 5 reducing reduce VBG 51242 846 6 the the DT 51242 846 7 proportion proportion NN 51242 846 8 of of IN 51242 846 9 idle idle JJ 51242 846 10 hours hour NNS 51242 846 11 ; ; : 51242 846 12 and and CC 51242 846 13 that that DT 51242 846 14 can can MD 51242 846 15 only only RB 51242 846 16 be be VB 51242 846 17 done do VBN 51242 846 18 where where WRB 51242 846 19 there there EX 51242 846 20 is be VBZ 51242 846 21 scope scope NN 51242 846 22 for for IN 51242 846 23 the the DT 51242 846 24 growth growth NN 51242 846 25 of of IN 51242 846 26 traffic traffic NN 51242 846 27 , , , 51242 846 28 and and CC 51242 846 29 where where WRB 51242 846 30 there there EX 51242 846 31 is be VBZ 51242 846 32 means mean NNS 51242 846 33 -- -- : 51242 846 34 such such JJ 51242 846 35 as as IN 51242 846 36 electric electric JJ 51242 846 37 traction traction NN 51242 846 38 -- -- : 51242 846 39 of of IN 51242 846 40 dealing deal VBG 51242 846 41 with with IN 51242 846 42 that that DT 51242 846 43 growth growth NN 51242 846 44 on on IN 51242 846 45 an an DT 51242 846 46 economical economical JJ 51242 846 47 basis basis NN 51242 846 48 . . . 51242 847 1 In in IN 51242 847 2 the the DT 51242 847 3 succeeding succeed VBG 51242 847 4 chapter chapter NN 51242 847 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 847 6 is be VBZ 51242 847 7 explained explain VBN 51242 847 8 how how WRB 51242 847 9 electric electric JJ 51242 847 10 traction traction NN 51242 847 11 enables enable VBZ 51242 847 12 a a DT 51242 847 13 more more RBR 51242 847 14 frequent frequent JJ 51242 847 15 service service NN 51242 847 16 to to TO 51242 847 17 be be VB 51242 847 18 run run VBN 51242 847 19 with with IN 51242 847 20 advantage advantage NN 51242 847 21 even even RB 51242 847 22 on on IN 51242 847 23 systems system NNS 51242 847 24 which which WDT 51242 847 25 were be VBD 51242 847 26 worked work VBN 51242 847 27 to to IN 51242 847 28 the the DT 51242 847 29 maximum maximum JJ 51242 847 30 limit limit NN 51242 847 31 possible possible JJ 51242 847 32 under under IN 51242 847 33 steam steam NN 51242 847 34 conditions condition NNS 51242 847 35 . . . 51242 848 1 But but CC 51242 848 2 in in IN 51242 848 3 the the DT 51242 848 4 meantime meantime NN 51242 848 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 848 6 will will MD 51242 848 7 be be VB 51242 848 8 interesting interesting JJ 51242 848 9 to to TO 51242 848 10 trace trace VB 51242 848 11 the the DT 51242 848 12 effect effect NN 51242 848 13 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 848 14 on on IN 51242 848 15 a a DT 51242 848 16 railway railway NN 51242 848 17 which which WDT 51242 848 18 soon soon RB 51242 848 19 followed follow VBD 51242 848 20 the the DT 51242 848 21 Mersey Mersey NNP 51242 848 22 Railway Railway NNP 51242 848 23 in in IN 51242 848 24 making make VBG 51242 848 25 the the DT 51242 848 26 change change NN 51242 848 27 from from IN 51242 848 28 steam steam NN 51242 848 29 to to IN 51242 848 30 electricity electricity NN 51242 848 31 -- -- : 51242 848 32 the the DT 51242 848 33 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP 51242 848 34 District District NNP 51242 848 35 Railway Railway NNP 51242 848 36 . . . 51242 849 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 849 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 849 3 : : : 51242 849 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 849 5 . . . 51242 850 1 11 11 CD 51242 850 2 . . . 51242 851 1 An an DT 51242 851 2 electric electric JJ 51242 851 3 train train NN 51242 851 4 on on IN 51242 851 5 the the DT 51242 851 6 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP 51242 851 7 District District NNP 51242 851 8 Railway Railway NNP 51242 851 9 , , , 51242 851 10 equipped equip VBN 51242 851 11 by by IN 51242 851 12 the the DT 51242 851 13 British british JJ 51242 851 14 Thomson Thomson NNP 51242 851 15 Houston Houston NNP 51242 851 16 Company Company NNP 51242 851 17 . . . 51242 852 1 The the DT 51242 852 2 front front JJ 51242 852 3 and and CC 51242 852 4 rear rear JJ 51242 852 5 cars car NNS 51242 852 6 and and CC 51242 852 7 one one CD 51242 852 8 intermediate intermediate JJ 51242 852 9 car car NN 51242 852 10 are be VBP 51242 852 11 equipped equip VBN 51242 852 12 with with IN 51242 852 13 electric electric JJ 51242 852 14 motors motor NNS 51242 852 15 , , , 51242 852 16 all all DT 51242 852 17 controlled control VBN 51242 852 18 from from IN 51242 852 19 the the DT 51242 852 20 ' ' `` 51242 852 21 cab cab NN 51242 852 22 ' ' '' 51242 852 23 at at IN 51242 852 24 the the DT 51242 852 25 end end NN 51242 852 26 of of IN 51242 852 27 the the DT 51242 852 28 train train NN 51242 852 29 . . . 51242 853 1 The the DT 51242 853 2 controller controller NN 51242 853 3 handle handle NN 51242 853 4 may may MD 51242 853 5 be be VB 51242 853 6 seen see VBN 51242 853 7 close close RB 51242 853 8 to to IN 51242 853 9 the the DT 51242 853 10 nearest near JJS 51242 853 11 window window NN 51242 853 12 of of IN 51242 853 13 the the DT 51242 853 14 first first JJ 51242 853 15 car car NN 51242 853 16 . . . 51242 854 1 The the DT 51242 854 2 rail rail NN 51242 854 3 immediately immediately RB 51242 854 4 in in IN 51242 854 5 front front NN 51242 854 6 of of IN 51242 854 7 the the DT 51242 854 8 foot foot NN 51242 854 9 of of IN 51242 854 10 the the DT 51242 854 11 guard guard NN 51242 854 12 is be VBZ 51242 854 13 the the DT 51242 854 14 conductor conductor NN 51242 854 15 rail rail NN 51242 854 16 which which WDT 51242 854 17 conveys convey VBZ 51242 854 18 the the DT 51242 854 19 current current NN 51242 854 20 to to IN 51242 854 21 the the DT 51242 854 22 train train NN 51242 854 23 . . . 51242 855 1 The the DT 51242 855 2 rail rail NN 51242 855 3 between between IN 51242 855 4 the the DT 51242 855 5 track track NN 51242 855 6 rails rail NNS 51242 855 7 carries carry VBZ 51242 855 8 the the DT 51242 855 9 return return NN 51242 855 10 current current NN 51242 855 11 . . . 51242 855 12 ] ] -RRB- 51242 856 1 Throughout throughout IN 51242 856 2 the the DT 51242 856 3 steam steam NN 51242 856 4 age age NN 51242 856 5 the the DT 51242 856 6 finance finance NN 51242 856 7 of of IN 51242 856 8 the the DT 51242 856 9 District District NNP 51242 856 10 Railway Railway NNP 51242 856 11 Company Company NNP 51242 856 12 was be VBD 51242 856 13 as as RB 51242 856 14 unattractive unattractive JJ 51242 856 15 as as IN 51242 856 16 the the DT 51242 856 17 physical physical JJ 51242 856 18 conditions condition NNS 51242 856 19 of of IN 51242 856 20 the the DT 51242 856 21 railway railway NN 51242 856 22 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 856 23 . . . 51242 857 1 No no DT 51242 857 2 dividend dividend NN 51242 857 3 was be VBD 51242 857 4 ever ever RB 51242 857 5 paid pay VBN 51242 857 6 on on IN 51242 857 7 the the DT 51242 857 8 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 857 9 shares share NNS 51242 857 10 ; ; : 51242 857 11 and and CC 51242 857 12 even even RB 51242 857 13 with with IN 51242 857 14 the the DT 51242 857 15 growth growth NN 51242 857 16 of of IN 51242 857 17 London London NNP 51242 857 18 there there EX 51242 857 19 was be VBD 51242 857 20 little little JJ 51242 857 21 prospect prospect NN 51242 857 22 of of IN 51242 857 23 any any DT 51242 857 24 dividend dividend NN 51242 857 25 ever ever RB 51242 857 26 being be VBG 51242 857 27 paid pay VBN 51242 857 28 . . . 51242 858 1 When when WRB 51242 858 2 -- -- : 51242 858 3 about about RB 51242 858 4 ten ten CD 51242 858 5 years year NNS 51242 858 6 ago ago RB 51242 858 7 -- -- : 51242 858 8 the the DT 51242 858 9 late late JJ 51242 858 10 Mr Mr NNP 51242 858 11 C. C. NNP 51242 858 12 T. T. NNP 51242 858 13 Yerkes Yerkes NNP 51242 858 14 came come VBD 51242 858 15 over over RP 51242 858 16 from from IN 51242 858 17 America America NNP 51242 858 18 and and CC 51242 858 19 obtained obtain VBD 51242 858 20 a a DT 51242 858 21 controlling control VBG 51242 858 22 interest interest NN 51242 858 23 in in IN 51242 858 24 the the DT 51242 858 25 District District NNP 51242 858 26 Railway Railway NNP 51242 858 27 Company Company NNP 51242 858 28 with with IN 51242 858 29 a a DT 51242 858 30 view view NN 51242 858 31 to to IN 51242 858 32 converting convert VBG 51242 858 33 it -PRON- PRP 51242 858 34 to to IN 51242 858 35 electric electric JJ 51242 858 36 traction traction NN 51242 858 37 , , , 51242 858 38 he -PRON- PRP 51242 858 39 was be VBD 51242 858 40 regarded regard VBN 51242 858 41 as as IN 51242 858 42 a a DT 51242 858 43 philanthropic philanthropic JJ 51242 858 44 enthusiast enthusiast NN 51242 858 45 . . . 51242 859 1 Many many JJ 51242 859 2 of of IN 51242 859 3 the the DT 51242 859 4 shareholders shareholder NNS 51242 859 5 themselves -PRON- PRP 51242 859 6 were be VBD 51242 859 7 reluctant reluctant JJ 51242 859 8 to to TO 51242 859 9 give give VB 51242 859 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 859 11 assent assent NN 51242 859 12 to to IN 51242 859 13 the the DT 51242 859 14 change change NN 51242 859 15 ; ; : 51242 859 16 they -PRON- PRP 51242 859 17 preferred prefer VBD 51242 859 18 to to TO 51242 859 19 bear bear VB 51242 859 20 the the DT 51242 859 21 ills ill NNS 51242 859 22 they -PRON- PRP 51242 859 23 knew know VBD 51242 859 24 than than IN 51242 859 25 fly fly VB 51242 859 26 to to IN 51242 859 27 others other NNS 51242 859 28 which which WDT 51242 859 29 might may MD 51242 859 30 be be VB 51242 859 31 introduced introduce VBN 51242 859 32 by by IN 51242 859 33 an an DT 51242 859 34 American american JJ 51242 859 35 financier financier NN 51242 859 36 . . . 51242 860 1 But but CC 51242 860 2 Mr Mr NNP 51242 860 3 Yerkes Yerkes NNP 51242 860 4 and and CC 51242 860 5 those those DT 51242 860 6 who who WP 51242 860 7 worked work VBD 51242 860 8 with with IN 51242 860 9 him -PRON- PRP 51242 860 10 had have VBD 51242 860 11 something something NN 51242 860 12 more more JJR 51242 860 13 in in IN 51242 860 14 view view NN 51242 860 15 than than IN 51242 860 16 the the DT 51242 860 17 improvement improvement NN 51242 860 18 of of IN 51242 860 19 traffic traffic NN 51242 860 20 on on IN 51242 860 21 the the DT 51242 860 22 District District NNP 51242 860 23 Railway Railway NNP 51242 860 24 . . . 51242 861 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 861 2 acquired acquire VBD 51242 861 3 control control NN 51242 861 4 of of IN 51242 861 5 several several JJ 51242 861 6 tube tube NN 51242 861 7 railway railway NN 51242 861 8 schemes scheme NNS 51242 861 9 and and CC 51242 861 10 obtained obtain VBD 51242 861 11 powers power NNS 51242 861 12 for for IN 51242 861 13 new new JJ 51242 861 14 lines line NNS 51242 861 15 , , , 51242 861 16 so so IN 51242 861 17 as as IN 51242 861 18 to to TO 51242 861 19 organise organise VB 51242 861 20 a a DT 51242 861 21 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 51242 861 22 system system NN 51242 861 23 of of IN 51242 861 24 underground underground JJ 51242 861 25 electric electric JJ 51242 861 26 transport transport NN 51242 861 27 in in IN 51242 861 28 London London NNP 51242 861 29 . . . 51242 862 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 862 2 had have VBD 51242 862 3 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 862 4 faith faith NN 51242 862 5 in in IN 51242 862 6 the the DT 51242 862 7 traffic traffic NN 51242 862 8 possibilities possibility NNS 51242 862 9 of of IN 51242 862 10 London London NNP 51242 862 11 to to TO 51242 862 12 find find VB 51242 862 13 the the DT 51242 862 14 enormous enormous JJ 51242 862 15 capital capital NN 51242 862 16 required require VBN 51242 862 17 to to TO 51242 862 18 construct construct VB 51242 862 19 these these DT 51242 862 20 tube tube NN 51242 862 21 railways railway NNS 51242 862 22 and and CC 51242 862 23 also also RB 51242 862 24 to to TO 51242 862 25 convert convert VB 51242 862 26 the the DT 51242 862 27 whole whole JJ 51242 862 28 District District NNP 51242 862 29 Railway Railway NNP 51242 862 30 to to TO 51242 862 31 electric electric JJ 51242 862 32 traction traction NN 51242 862 33 . . . 51242 863 1 The the DT 51242 863 2 constructional constructional JJ 51242 863 3 work work NN 51242 863 4 occupied occupy VBD 51242 863 5 several several JJ 51242 863 6 years year NNS 51242 863 7 ; ; : 51242 863 8 and and CC 51242 863 9 after after IN 51242 863 10 the the DT 51242 863 11 lines line NNS 51242 863 12 were be VBD 51242 863 13 opened open VBN 51242 863 14 one one CD 51242 863 15 by by IN 51242 863 16 one one CD 51242 863 17 , , , 51242 863 18 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 863 19 had have VBD 51242 863 20 to to TO 51242 863 21 be be VB 51242 863 22 developed develop VBN 51242 863 23 for for IN 51242 863 24 through through IN 51242 863 25 - - HYPH 51242 863 26 bookings booking NNS 51242 863 27 among among IN 51242 863 28 the the DT 51242 863 29 various various JJ 51242 863 30 lines line NNS 51242 863 31 and and CC 51242 863 32 between between IN 51242 863 33 them -PRON- PRP 51242 863 34 all all DT 51242 863 35 and and CC 51242 863 36 the the DT 51242 863 37 existing exist VBG 51242 863 38 underground underground JJ 51242 863 39 railways railway NNS 51242 863 40 like like IN 51242 863 41 the the DT 51242 863 42 Central Central NNP 51242 863 43 London London NNP 51242 863 44 Railway Railway NNP 51242 863 45 , , , 51242 863 46 the the DT 51242 863 47 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP 51242 863 48 Railway Railway NNP 51242 863 49 ( ( -LRB- 51242 863 50 closely closely RB 51242 863 51 linked link VBN 51242 863 52 with with IN 51242 863 53 the the DT 51242 863 54 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP 51242 863 55 District District NNP 51242 863 56 ) ) -RRB- 51242 863 57 and and CC 51242 863 58 the the DT 51242 863 59 City City NNP 51242 863 60 and and CC 51242 863 61 South South NNP 51242 863 62 London London NNP 51242 863 63 Railway Railway NNP 51242 863 64 . . . 51242 864 1 A a DT 51242 864 2 systematic systematic JJ 51242 864 3 attempt attempt NN 51242 864 4 was be VBD 51242 864 5 also also RB 51242 864 6 made make VBN 51242 864 7 to to TO 51242 864 8 develop develop VB 51242 864 9 the the DT 51242 864 10 travelling travel VBG 51242 864 11 habit habit NN 51242 864 12 in in IN 51242 864 13 London London NNP 51242 864 14 by by IN 51242 864 15 persistent persistent JJ 51242 864 16 advertising advertising NN 51242 864 17 of of IN 51242 864 18 the the DT 51242 864 19 railway railway NN 51242 864 20 services service NNS 51242 864 21 and and CC 51242 864 22 by by IN 51242 864 23 increasing increase VBG 51242 864 24 the the DT 51242 864 25 frequency frequency NN 51242 864 26 and and CC 51242 864 27 rapidity rapidity NN 51242 864 28 of of IN 51242 864 29 the the DT 51242 864 30 trains train NNS 51242 864 31 . . . 51242 865 1 From from IN 51242 865 2 these these DT 51242 865 3 points point NNS 51242 865 4 of of IN 51242 865 5 view view NN 51242 865 6 the the DT 51242 865 7 organisation organisation NN 51242 865 8 of of IN 51242 865 9 the the DT 51242 865 10 network network NN 51242 865 11 of of IN 51242 865 12 lines line NNS 51242 865 13 comprehensively comprehensively RB 51242 865 14 known know VBN 51242 865 15 by by IN 51242 865 16 the the DT 51242 865 17 title title NN 51242 865 18 of of IN 51242 865 19 ' ' `` 51242 865 20 Underground Underground NNP 51242 865 21 ' ' '' 51242 865 22 is be VBZ 51242 865 23 certainly certainly RB 51242 865 24 unsurpassed unsurpassed JJ 51242 865 25 . . . 51242 866 1 The the DT 51242 866 2 difficulties difficulty NNS 51242 866 3 which which WDT 51242 866 4 had have VBD 51242 866 5 to to TO 51242 866 6 be be VB 51242 866 7 overcome overcome VBN 51242 866 8 in in IN 51242 866 9 this this DT 51242 866 10 great great JJ 51242 866 11 work work NN 51242 866 12 were be VBD 51242 866 13 enormous enormous JJ 51242 866 14 , , , 51242 866 15 but but CC 51242 866 16 there there EX 51242 866 17 has have VBZ 51242 866 18 been be VBN 51242 866 19 no no DT 51242 866 20 break break NN 51242 866 21 in in IN 51242 866 22 the the DT 51242 866 23 thread thread NN 51242 866 24 of of IN 51242 866 25 progress progress NN 51242 866 26 . . . 51242 867 1 The the DT 51242 867 2 ' ' `` 51242 867 3 tubes tube NNS 51242 867 4 ' ' '' 51242 867 5 are be VBP 51242 867 6 paying pay VBG 51242 867 7 dividends dividend NNS 51242 867 8 which which WDT 51242 867 9 , , , 51242 867 10 though though IN 51242 867 11 modest modest JJ 51242 867 12 , , , 51242 867 13 are be VBP 51242 867 14 an an DT 51242 867 15 encouragement encouragement NN 51242 867 16 to to IN 51242 867 17 further further JJ 51242 867 18 developments development NNS 51242 867 19 . . . 51242 868 1 The the DT 51242 868 2 finance finance NN 51242 868 3 of of IN 51242 868 4 the the DT 51242 868 5 District District NNP 51242 868 6 Railway Railway NNP 51242 868 7 has have VBZ 51242 868 8 lost lose VBN 51242 868 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 868 10 element element NN 51242 868 11 of of IN 51242 868 12 chronic chronic JJ 51242 868 13 despair despair NN 51242 868 14 . . . 51242 869 1 Considered consider VBN 51242 869 2 as as IN 51242 869 3 a a DT 51242 869 4 whole whole NN 51242 869 5 , , , 51242 869 6 the the DT 51242 869 7 results result NNS 51242 869 8 prove prove VBP 51242 869 9 that that IN 51242 869 10 where where WRB 51242 869 11 there there EX 51242 869 12 is be VBZ 51242 869 13 the the DT 51242 869 14 potentiality potentiality NN 51242 869 15 of of IN 51242 869 16 large large JJ 51242 869 17 traffic traffic NN 51242 869 18 , , , 51242 869 19 electricity electricity NN 51242 869 20 is be VBZ 51242 869 21 the the DT 51242 869 22 instrument instrument NN 51242 869 23 which which WDT 51242 869 24 must must MD 51242 869 25 be be VB 51242 869 26 applied apply VBN 51242 869 27 . . . 51242 870 1 During during IN 51242 870 2 the the DT 51242 870 3 steam steam NN 51242 870 4 days day NNS 51242 870 5 , , , 51242 870 6 the the DT 51242 870 7 most most RBS 51242 870 8 crowded crowded JJ 51242 870 9 part part NN 51242 870 10 of of IN 51242 870 11 the the DT 51242 870 12 District District NNP 51242 870 13 Railway Railway NNP 51242 870 14 ( ( -LRB- 51242 870 15 the the DT 51242 870 16 ' ' `` 51242 870 17 Inner Inner NNP 51242 870 18 Circle Circle NNP 51242 870 19 ' ' '' 51242 870 20 ) ) -RRB- 51242 870 21 carried carry VBD 51242 870 22 a a DT 51242 870 23 maximum maximum NN 51242 870 24 of of IN 51242 870 25 16 16 CD 51242 870 26 trains train NNS 51242 870 27 per per IN 51242 870 28 hour hour NN 51242 870 29 . . . 51242 871 1 With with IN 51242 871 2 electric electric JJ 51242 871 3 traction traction NN 51242 871 4 that that DT 51242 871 5 figure figure NN 51242 871 6 has have VBZ 51242 871 7 been be VBN 51242 871 8 raised raise VBN 51242 871 9 to to IN 51242 871 10 40 40 CD 51242 871 11 trains train NNS 51242 871 12 per per IN 51242 871 13 hour hour NN 51242 871 14 . . . 51242 872 1 And and CC 51242 872 2 the the DT 51242 872 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 51242 872 4 thing thing NN 51242 872 5 is be VBZ 51242 872 6 that that IN 51242 872 7 with with IN 51242 872 8 each each DT 51242 872 9 increase increase NN 51242 872 10 in in IN 51242 872 11 the the DT 51242 872 12 service service NN 51242 872 13 the the DT 51242 872 14 traffic traffic NN 51242 872 15 grows grow VBZ 51242 872 16 . . . 51242 873 1 Many many JJ 51242 873 2 people people NNS 51242 873 3 welcomed welcome VBD 51242 873 4 the the DT 51242 873 5 electrification electrification NN 51242 873 6 of of IN 51242 873 7 the the DT 51242 873 8 District District NNP 51242 873 9 as as IN 51242 873 10 a a DT 51242 873 11 measure measure NN 51242 873 12 of of IN 51242 873 13 relief relief NN 51242 873 14 from from IN 51242 873 15 the the DT 51242 873 16 overcrowding overcrowding NN 51242 873 17 on on IN 51242 873 18 the the DT 51242 873 19 steam steam NN 51242 873 20 trains train NNS 51242 873 21 during during IN 51242 873 22 the the DT 51242 873 23 busy busy JJ 51242 873 24 hours hour NNS 51242 873 25 . . . 51242 874 1 But but CC 51242 874 2 with with IN 51242 874 3 a a DT 51242 874 4 service service NN 51242 874 5 of of IN 51242 874 6 trains train NNS 51242 874 7 more more RBR 51242 874 8 than than IN 51242 874 9 doubled double VBD 51242 874 10 in in IN 51242 874 11 frequency frequency NN 51242 874 12 and and CC 51242 874 13 also also RB 51242 874 14 increased increase VBD 51242 874 15 in in IN 51242 874 16 capacity capacity NN 51242 874 17 per per IN 51242 874 18 train train NN 51242 874 19 , , , 51242 874 20 overcrowding overcrowding JJ 51242 874 21 continues continue VBZ 51242 874 22 and and CC 51242 874 23 the the DT 51242 874 24 ' ' `` 51242 874 25 straphanger straphanger NN 51242 874 26 ' ' '' 51242 874 27 has have VBZ 51242 874 28 become become VBN 51242 874 29 an an DT 51242 874 30 established establish VBN 51242 874 31 institution institution NN 51242 874 32 . . . 51242 875 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 875 2 may may MD 51242 875 3 be be VB 51242 875 4 accepted accept VBN 51242 875 5 as as IN 51242 875 6 substantially substantially RB 51242 875 7 proved prove VBN 51242 875 8 that that IN 51242 875 9 , , , 51242 875 10 on on IN 51242 875 11 suburban suburban JJ 51242 875 12 and and CC 51242 875 13 inter inter JJ 51242 875 14 - - JJ 51242 875 15 urban urban JJ 51242 875 16 railways railway NNS 51242 875 17 in in IN 51242 875 18 populous populous JJ 51242 875 19 districts district NNS 51242 875 20 , , , 51242 875 21 electric electric JJ 51242 875 22 traction traction NN 51242 875 23 is be VBZ 51242 875 24 a a DT 51242 875 25 means means NN 51242 875 26 of of IN 51242 875 27 increasing increase VBG 51242 875 28 traffic traffic NN 51242 875 29 and and CC 51242 875 30 diminishing diminish VBG 51242 875 31 the the DT 51242 875 32 proportion proportion NN 51242 875 33 of of IN 51242 875 34 working working NN 51242 875 35 costs cost NNS 51242 875 36 . . . 51242 876 1 Moreover moreover RB 51242 876 2 , , , 51242 876 3 these these DT 51242 876 4 results result NNS 51242 876 5 have have VBP 51242 876 6 been be VBN 51242 876 7 achieved achieve VBN 51242 876 8 in in IN 51242 876 9 conjunction conjunction NN 51242 876 10 with with IN 51242 876 11 substantial substantial JJ 51242 876 12 reductions reduction NNS 51242 876 13 in in IN 51242 876 14 fares fare NNS 51242 876 15 and and CC 51242 876 16 with with IN 51242 876 17 marked marked JJ 51242 876 18 improvements improvement NNS 51242 876 19 in in IN 51242 876 20 the the DT 51242 876 21 comfort comfort NN 51242 876 22 of of IN 51242 876 23 travelling travel VBG 51242 876 24 . . . 51242 877 1 The the DT 51242 877 2 engineering engineering NN 51242 877 3 aspect aspect NN 51242 877 4 of of IN 51242 877 5 these these DT 51242 877 6 changes change NNS 51242 877 7 has have VBZ 51242 877 8 now now RB 51242 877 9 to to TO 51242 877 10 be be VB 51242 877 11 considered consider VBN 51242 877 12 . . . 51242 878 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 878 2 XIII XIII NNP 51242 878 3 ELECTRIC electric NN 51242 878 4 RAILWAYS railway NNS 51242 878 5 FROM from IN 51242 878 6 THE the DT 51242 878 7 ENGINEERING engineering NN 51242 878 8 POINT POINT NNS 51242 878 9 OF of IN 51242 878 10 VIEW VIEW NNP 51242 878 11 When when WRB 51242 878 12 electric electric JJ 51242 878 13 railways railway NNS 51242 878 14 were be VBD 51242 878 15 first first RB 51242 878 16 considered consider VBN 51242 878 17 , , , 51242 878 18 the the DT 51242 878 19 natural natural JJ 51242 878 20 tendency tendency NN 51242 878 21 of of IN 51242 878 22 engineers engineer NNS 51242 878 23 was be VBD 51242 878 24 to to TO 51242 878 25 follow follow VB 51242 878 26 the the DT 51242 878 27 existing exist VBG 51242 878 28 model model NN 51242 878 29 and and CC 51242 878 30 merely merely RB 51242 878 31 substitute substitute VBP 51242 878 32 electric electric JJ 51242 878 33 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 878 34 for for IN 51242 878 35 steam steam NN 51242 878 36 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 878 37 . . . 51242 879 1 In in IN 51242 879 2 point point NN 51242 879 3 of of IN 51242 879 4 fact fact NN 51242 879 5 , , , 51242 879 6 however however RB 51242 879 7 , , , 51242 879 8 the the DT 51242 879 9 engineering engineering NN 51242 879 10 method method NN 51242 879 11 now now RB 51242 879 12 adopted adopt VBN 51242 879 13 is be VBZ 51242 879 14 an an DT 51242 879 15 evolution evolution NN 51242 879 16 from from IN 51242 879 17 the the DT 51242 879 18 tramway tramway JJ 51242 879 19 model model NN 51242 879 20 , , , 51242 879 21 not not RB 51242 879 22 from from IN 51242 879 23 that that DT 51242 879 24 of of IN 51242 879 25 the the DT 51242 879 26 typical typical JJ 51242 879 27 railway railway NN 51242 879 28 . . . 51242 880 1 A a DT 51242 880 2 certain certain JJ 51242 880 3 advantage advantage NN 51242 880 4 was be VBD 51242 880 5 , , , 51242 880 6 of of IN 51242 880 7 course course NN 51242 880 8 , , , 51242 880 9 to to TO 51242 880 10 be be VB 51242 880 11 gained gain VBN 51242 880 12 by by IN 51242 880 13 replacing replace VBG 51242 880 14 steam steam NN 51242 880 15 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 880 16 by by IN 51242 880 17 electric electric JJ 51242 880 18 ones one NNS 51242 880 19 . . . 51242 881 1 The the DT 51242 881 2 greater great JJR 51242 881 3 ' ' POS 51242 881 4 starting start VBG 51242 881 5 torque torque NN 51242 881 6 ' ' '' 51242 881 7 of of IN 51242 881 8 the the DT 51242 881 9 electric electric JJ 51242 881 10 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 881 11 enables enable VBZ 51242 881 12 it -PRON- PRP 51242 881 13 to to TO 51242 881 14 get get VB 51242 881 15 a a DT 51242 881 16 train train NN 51242 881 17 up up IN 51242 881 18 to to IN 51242 881 19 full full JJ 51242 881 20 speed speed NN 51242 881 21 more more RBR 51242 881 22 quickly quickly RB 51242 881 23 ; ; : 51242 881 24 and and CC 51242 881 25 the the DT 51242 881 26 capacity capacity NN 51242 881 27 of of IN 51242 881 28 the the DT 51242 881 29 electric electric JJ 51242 881 30 motor motor NN 51242 881 31 for for IN 51242 881 32 taking take VBG 51242 881 33 heavy heavy JJ 51242 881 34 overloads overload NNS 51242 881 35 assists assist NNS 51242 881 36 the the DT 51242 881 37 electric electric JJ 51242 881 38 train train NN 51242 881 39 in in IN 51242 881 40 surmounting surmount VBG 51242 881 41 heavy heavy JJ 51242 881 42 gradients gradient NNS 51242 881 43 . . . 51242 882 1 Some some DT 51242 882 2 advantage advantage NN 51242 882 3 was be VBD 51242 882 4 also also RB 51242 882 5 gained gain VBN 51242 882 6 by by IN 51242 882 7 producing produce VBG 51242 882 8 all all PDT 51242 882 9 the the DT 51242 882 10 power power NN 51242 882 11 at at IN 51242 882 12 a a DT 51242 882 13 central central JJ 51242 882 14 source source NN 51242 882 15 , , , 51242 882 16 instead instead RB 51242 882 17 of of IN 51242 882 18 having have VBG 51242 882 19 a a DT 51242 882 20 large large JJ 51242 882 21 number number NN 51242 882 22 of of IN 51242 882 23 steam steam NN 51242 882 24 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 882 25 , , , 51242 882 26 which which WDT 51242 882 27 are be VBP 51242 882 28 really really RB 51242 882 29 power power NN 51242 882 30 stations station NNS 51242 882 31 on on IN 51242 882 32 wheels wheel NNS 51242 882 33 . . . 51242 883 1 But but CC 51242 883 2 the the DT 51242 883 3 electric electric JJ 51242 883 4 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 883 5 had have VBD 51242 883 6 still still RB 51242 883 7 to to TO 51242 883 8 be be VB 51242 883 9 made make VBN 51242 883 10 heavy heavy JJ 51242 883 11 enough enough RB 51242 883 12 to to TO 51242 883 13 get get VB 51242 883 14 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 883 15 grip grip NN 51242 883 16 of of IN 51242 883 17 the the DT 51242 883 18 rails rail NNS 51242 883 19 ; ; : 51242 883 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 883 21 had have VBD 51242 883 22 to to TO 51242 883 23 haul haul VB 51242 883 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 883 25 own own JJ 51242 883 26 dead dead JJ 51242 883 27 weight weight NN 51242 883 28 ; ; : 51242 883 29 and and CC 51242 883 30 it -PRON- PRP 51242 883 31 had have VBD 51242 883 32 to to TO 51242 883 33 be be VB 51242 883 34 made make VBN 51242 883 35 powerful powerful JJ 51242 883 36 enough enough RB 51242 883 37 to to TO 51242 883 38 tackle tackle VB 51242 883 39 a a DT 51242 883 40 full full JJ 51242 883 41 - - HYPH 51242 883 42 sized sized JJ 51242 883 43 train train NN 51242 883 44 on on IN 51242 883 45 the the DT 51242 883 46 steepest steep JJS 51242 883 47 gradient gradient NN 51242 883 48 with with IN 51242 883 49 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 883 50 complement complement NN 51242 883 51 of of IN 51242 883 52 passengers passenger NNS 51242 883 53 , , , 51242 883 54 although although IN 51242 883 55 the the DT 51242 883 56 general general JJ 51242 883 57 demand demand NN 51242 883 58 upon upon IN 51242 883 59 it -PRON- PRP 51242 883 60 might may MD 51242 883 61 be be VB 51242 883 62 considerably considerably RB 51242 883 63 less less JJR 51242 883 64 than than IN 51242 883 65 that that DT 51242 883 66 maximum maximum NN 51242 883 67 . . . 51242 884 1 The the DT 51242 884 2 electric electric JJ 51242 884 3 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 884 4 , , , 51242 884 5 in in IN 51242 884 6 short short JJ 51242 884 7 , , , 51242 884 8 was be VBD 51242 884 9 an an DT 51242 884 10 advance advance NN 51242 884 11 upon upon IN 51242 884 12 the the DT 51242 884 13 steam steam NN 51242 884 14 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 884 15 , , , 51242 884 16 but but CC 51242 884 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 884 18 did do VBD 51242 884 19 not not RB 51242 884 20 get get VB 51242 884 21 past past IN 51242 884 22 the the DT 51242 884 23 essential essential JJ 51242 884 24 drawbacks drawback NNS 51242 884 25 of of IN 51242 884 26 the the DT 51242 884 27 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 884 28 system system NN 51242 884 29 . . . 51242 885 1 A a DT 51242 885 2 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 885 3 is be VBZ 51242 885 4 most most RBS 51242 885 5 economical economical JJ 51242 885 6 when when WRB 51242 885 7 hauling haul VBG 51242 885 8 full full JJ 51242 885 9 trains train NNS 51242 885 10 for for IN 51242 885 11 long long JJ 51242 885 12 distances distance NNS 51242 885 13 at at IN 51242 885 14 a a DT 51242 885 15 uniform uniform JJ 51242 885 16 speed speed NN 51242 885 17 ; ; : 51242 885 18 it -PRON- PRP 51242 885 19 is be VBZ 51242 885 20 essentially essentially RB 51242 885 21 a a DT 51242 885 22 long long JJ 51242 885 23 - - HYPH 51242 885 24 distance distance NN 51242 885 25 machine machine NN 51242 885 26 . . . 51242 886 1 The the DT 51242 886 2 first first JJ 51242 886 3 demand demand NN 51242 886 4 for for IN 51242 886 5 electrification electrification NN 51242 886 6 came come VBD 51242 886 7 , , , 51242 886 8 however however RB 51242 886 9 , , , 51242 886 10 from from IN 51242 886 11 suburban suburban JJ 51242 886 12 railways railway NNS 51242 886 13 , , , 51242 886 14 where where WRB 51242 886 15 the the DT 51242 886 16 stations station NNS 51242 886 17 are be VBP 51242 886 18 close close JJ 51242 886 19 together together RB 51242 886 20 and and CC 51242 886 21 where where WRB 51242 886 22 , , , 51242 886 23 therefore therefore RB 51242 886 24 , , , 51242 886 25 the the DT 51242 886 26 speed speed NN 51242 886 27 is be VBZ 51242 886 28 constantly constantly RB 51242 886 29 varying vary VBG 51242 886 30 from from IN 51242 886 31 zero zero CD 51242 886 32 up up RP 51242 886 33 to to IN 51242 886 34 a a DT 51242 886 35 maximum maximum NN 51242 886 36 and and CC 51242 886 37 back back RB 51242 886 38 to to IN 51242 886 39 zero zero CD 51242 886 40 again again RB 51242 886 41 . . . 51242 887 1 The the DT 51242 887 2 traffic traffic NN 51242 887 3 also also RB 51242 887 4 fluctuates fluctuate VBZ 51242 887 5 between between IN 51242 887 6 extreme extreme JJ 51242 887 7 limits limit NNS 51242 887 8 ; ; : 51242 887 9 and and CC 51242 887 10 there there EX 51242 887 11 is be VBZ 51242 887 12 obvious obvious JJ 51242 887 13 waste waste NN 51242 887 14 in in IN 51242 887 15 having have VBG 51242 887 16 to to TO 51242 887 17 run run VB 51242 887 18 heavy heavy JJ 51242 887 19 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 887 20 and and CC 51242 887 21 trains train NNS 51242 887 22 backwards backwards RB 51242 887 23 and and CC 51242 887 24 forwards forwards RB 51242 887 25 during during IN 51242 887 26 the the DT 51242 887 27 slack slack NN 51242 887 28 hours hour NNS 51242 887 29 . . . 51242 888 1 There there EX 51242 888 2 was be VBD 51242 888 3 therefore therefore RB 51242 888 4 a a DT 51242 888 5 demand demand NN 51242 888 6 for for IN 51242 888 7 some some DT 51242 888 8 method method NN 51242 888 9 of of IN 51242 888 10 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 888 11 which which WDT 51242 888 12 would would MD 51242 888 13 enable enable VB 51242 888 14 the the DT 51242 888 15 length length NN 51242 888 16 of of IN 51242 888 17 trains train NNS 51242 888 18 and and CC 51242 888 19 the the DT 51242 888 20 consumption consumption NN 51242 888 21 of of IN 51242 888 22 power power NN 51242 888 23 to to TO 51242 888 24 be be VB 51242 888 25 adjusted adjust VBN 51242 888 26 more more RBR 51242 888 27 closely closely RB 51242 888 28 to to IN 51242 888 29 the the DT 51242 888 30 variations variation NNS 51242 888 31 in in IN 51242 888 32 the the DT 51242 888 33 traffic traffic NN 51242 888 34 . . . 51242 889 1 A a DT 51242 889 2 step step NN 51242 889 3 in in IN 51242 889 4 the the DT 51242 889 5 right right JJ 51242 889 6 direction direction NN 51242 889 7 was be VBD 51242 889 8 taken take VBN 51242 889 9 when when WRB 51242 889 10 the the DT 51242 889 11 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 889 12 equipment equipment NN 51242 889 13 was be VBD 51242 889 14 placed place VBN 51242 889 15 on on IN 51242 889 16 a a DT 51242 889 17 car car NN 51242 889 18 , , , 51242 889 19 thus thus RB 51242 889 20 utilising utilise VBG 51242 889 21 the the DT 51242 889 22 weight weight NN 51242 889 23 of of IN 51242 889 24 the the DT 51242 889 25 passengers passenger NNS 51242 889 26 to to TO 51242 889 27 increase increase VB 51242 889 28 the the DT 51242 889 29 adhesion adhesion NN 51242 889 30 on on IN 51242 889 31 the the DT 51242 889 32 rails rail NNS 51242 889 33 . . . 51242 890 1 But but CC 51242 890 2 the the DT 51242 890 3 full full JJ 51242 890 4 advantages advantage NNS 51242 890 5 of of IN 51242 890 6 electric electric JJ 51242 890 7 traction traction NN 51242 890 8 were be VBD 51242 890 9 not not RB 51242 890 10 realised realise VBN 51242 890 11 until until IN 51242 890 12 what what WP 51242 890 13 is be VBZ 51242 890 14 known know VBN 51242 890 15 as as IN 51242 890 16 the the DT 51242 890 17 ' ' `` 51242 890 18 multiple multiple JJ 51242 890 19 - - HYPH 51242 890 20 unit unit NN 51242 890 21 ' ' '' 51242 890 22 system system NN 51242 890 23 was be VBD 51242 890 24 adopted adopt VBN 51242 890 25 . . . 51242 891 1 The the DT 51242 891 2 idea idea NN 51242 891 3 underlying underlie VBG 51242 891 4 this this DT 51242 891 5 system system NN 51242 891 6 is be VBZ 51242 891 7 quite quite RB 51242 891 8 simple simple JJ 51242 891 9 . . . 51242 892 1 If if IN 51242 892 2 , , , 51242 892 3 instead instead RB 51242 892 4 of of IN 51242 892 5 concentrating concentrate VBG 51242 892 6 the the DT 51242 892 7 motive motive JJ 51242 892 8 power power NN 51242 892 9 on on IN 51242 892 10 a a DT 51242 892 11 single single JJ 51242 892 12 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 892 13 or or CC 51242 892 14 driving drive VBG 51242 892 15 unit unit NN 51242 892 16 , , , 51242 892 17 we -PRON- PRP 51242 892 18 distribute distribute VBP 51242 892 19 it -PRON- PRP 51242 892 20 among among IN 51242 892 21 the the DT 51242 892 22 cars car NNS 51242 892 23 forming form VBG 51242 892 24 a a DT 51242 892 25 train train NN 51242 892 26 , , , 51242 892 27 we -PRON- PRP 51242 892 28 get get VBP 51242 892 29 the the DT 51242 892 30 multiple multiple JJ 51242 892 31 - - HYPH 51242 892 32 unit unit NN 51242 892 33 system system NN 51242 892 34 . . . 51242 893 1 An an DT 51242 893 2 electric electric JJ 51242 893 3 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 893 4 and and CC 51242 893 5 a a DT 51242 893 6 trailer trailer NN 51242 893 7 attached attach VBN 51242 893 8 to to IN 51242 893 9 another another DT 51242 893 10 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 893 11 and and CC 51242 893 12 trailer trailer NN 51242 893 13 , , , 51242 893 14 with with IN 51242 893 15 a a DT 51242 893 16 third third JJ 51242 893 17 tramcar tramcar NN 51242 893 18 behind behind RB 51242 893 19 , , , 51242 893 20 would would MD 51242 893 21 form form VB 51242 893 22 a a DT 51242 893 23 model model NN 51242 893 24 for for IN 51242 893 25 a a DT 51242 893 26 multiple multiple JJ 51242 893 27 - - HYPH 51242 893 28 unit unit NN 51242 893 29 train train NN 51242 893 30 . . . 51242 894 1 By by IN 51242 894 2 connecting connect VBG 51242 894 3 the the DT 51242 894 4 electrical electrical JJ 51242 894 5 equipments equipment NNS 51242 894 6 on on IN 51242 894 7 the the DT 51242 894 8 three three CD 51242 894 9 tramcars tramcar NNS 51242 894 10 -- -- : 51242 894 11 front front JJ 51242 894 12 , , , 51242 894 13 middle middle JJ 51242 894 14 , , , 51242 894 15 and and CC 51242 894 16 rear rear JJ 51242 894 17 -- -- : 51242 894 18 it -PRON- PRP 51242 894 19 would would MD 51242 894 20 be be VB 51242 894 21 possible possible JJ 51242 894 22 to to TO 51242 894 23 control control VB 51242 894 24 the the DT 51242 894 25 train train NN 51242 894 26 from from IN 51242 894 27 either either DT 51242 894 28 end end NN 51242 894 29 or or CC 51242 894 30 from from IN 51242 894 31 the the DT 51242 894 32 middle middle NN 51242 894 33 . . . 51242 895 1 This this DT 51242 895 2 is be VBZ 51242 895 3 the the DT 51242 895 4 principle principle NN 51242 895 5 upon upon IN 51242 895 6 which which WDT 51242 895 7 all all PDT 51242 895 8 the the DT 51242 895 9 electric electric JJ 51242 895 10 railways railway NNS 51242 895 11 in in IN 51242 895 12 Great Great NNP 51242 895 13 Britain Britain NNP 51242 895 14 are be VBP 51242 895 15 now now RB 51242 895 16 worked work VBN 51242 895 17 , , , 51242 895 18 with with IN 51242 895 19 the the DT 51242 895 20 exception exception NN 51242 895 21 of of IN 51242 895 22 the the DT 51242 895 23 City City NNP 51242 895 24 and and CC 51242 895 25 South South NNP 51242 895 26 London London NNP 51242 895 27 Railway Railway NNP 51242 895 28 , , , 51242 895 29 where where WRB 51242 895 30 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 895 31 are be VBP 51242 895 32 still still RB 51242 895 33 used use VBN 51242 895 34 and and CC 51242 895 35 where where WRB 51242 895 36 the the DT 51242 895 37 trains train NNS 51242 895 38 are be VBP 51242 895 39 comparatively comparatively RB 51242 895 40 short short JJ 51242 895 41 and and CC 51242 895 42 light light JJ 51242 895 43 . . . 51242 896 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 896 2 will will MD 51242 896 3 be be VB 51242 896 4 seen see VBN 51242 896 5 that that IN 51242 896 6 each each DT 51242 896 7 multiple multiple JJ 51242 896 8 - - HYPH 51242 896 9 unit unit NN 51242 896 10 train train NN 51242 896 11 is be VBZ 51242 896 12 readily readily RB 51242 896 13 divisible divisible JJ 51242 896 14 . . . 51242 897 1 A a DT 51242 897 2 single single JJ 51242 897 3 motor motor NN 51242 897 4 car car NN 51242 897 5 may may MD 51242 897 6 be be VB 51242 897 7 run run VBN 51242 897 8 , , , 51242 897 9 or or CC 51242 897 10 a a DT 51242 897 11 car car NN 51242 897 12 with with IN 51242 897 13 one one CD 51242 897 14 or or CC 51242 897 15 two two CD 51242 897 16 trailers trailer NNS 51242 897 17 , , , 51242 897 18 or or CC 51242 897 19 a a DT 51242 897 20 long long JJ 51242 897 21 train train NN 51242 897 22 made make VBD 51242 897 23 up up RP 51242 897 24 of of IN 51242 897 25 as as RB 51242 897 26 many many JJ 51242 897 27 motor motor NN 51242 897 28 cars car NNS 51242 897 29 and and CC 51242 897 30 trailers trailer NNS 51242 897 31 as as IN 51242 897 32 the the DT 51242 897 33 platforms platform NNS 51242 897 34 will will MD 51242 897 35 accommodate accommodate VB 51242 897 36 . . . 51242 898 1 And and CC 51242 898 2 whether whether IN 51242 898 3 the the DT 51242 898 4 trains train NNS 51242 898 5 are be VBP 51242 898 6 long long JJ 51242 898 7 or or CC 51242 898 8 short short JJ 51242 898 9 , , , 51242 898 10 the the DT 51242 898 11 power power NN 51242 898 12 absorbed absorb VBN 51242 898 13 is be VBZ 51242 898 14 in in IN 51242 898 15 proportion proportion NN 51242 898 16 to to IN 51242 898 17 the the DT 51242 898 18 length length NN 51242 898 19 of of IN 51242 898 20 the the DT 51242 898 21 train train NN 51242 898 22 and and CC 51242 898 23 the the DT 51242 898 24 load load NN 51242 898 25 of of IN 51242 898 26 passengers passenger NNS 51242 898 27 . . . 51242 899 1 By by IN 51242 899 2 this this DT 51242 899 3 simple simple JJ 51242 899 4 means mean VBZ 51242 899 5 power power NN 51242 899 6 is be VBZ 51242 899 7 economised economise VBN 51242 899 8 , , , 51242 899 9 and and CC 51242 899 10 the the DT 51242 899 11 railway railway NN 51242 899 12 engineer engineer NN 51242 899 13 is be VBZ 51242 899 14 able able JJ 51242 899 15 to to TO 51242 899 16 reduce reduce VB 51242 899 17 the the DT 51242 899 18 proportion proportion NN 51242 899 19 of of IN 51242 899 20 idle idle JJ 51242 899 21 rolling rolling NN 51242 899 22 stock stock NN 51242 899 23 . . . 51242 900 1 The the DT 51242 900 2 adjustment adjustment NN 51242 900 3 of of IN 51242 900 4 the the DT 51242 900 5 length length NN 51242 900 6 of of IN 51242 900 7 trains train NNS 51242 900 8 to to IN 51242 900 9 the the DT 51242 900 10 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 51242 900 11 of of IN 51242 900 12 the the DT 51242 900 13 service service NN 51242 900 14 is be VBZ 51242 900 15 made make VBN 51242 900 16 easier easy JJR 51242 900 17 by by IN 51242 900 18 the the DT 51242 900 19 absence absence NN 51242 900 20 , , , 51242 900 21 in in IN 51242 900 22 the the DT 51242 900 23 multiple multiple JJ 51242 900 24 - - HYPH 51242 900 25 unit unit NN 51242 900 26 system system NN 51242 900 27 , , , 51242 900 28 of of IN 51242 900 29 the the DT 51242 900 30 necessity necessity NN 51242 900 31 of of IN 51242 900 32 shunting shunt VBG 51242 900 33 at at IN 51242 900 34 the the DT 51242 900 35 termini termini NN 51242 900 36 . . . 51242 901 1 As as IN 51242 901 2 a a DT 51242 901 3 multiple multiple JJ 51242 901 4 - - HYPH 51242 901 5 unit unit NN 51242 901 6 train train NN 51242 901 7 can can MD 51242 901 8 be be VB 51242 901 9 controlled control VBN 51242 901 10 from from IN 51242 901 11 either either DT 51242 901 12 end end NN 51242 901 13 , , , 51242 901 14 a a DT 51242 901 15 more more RBR 51242 901 16 frequent frequent JJ 51242 901 17 as as RB 51242 901 18 well well RB 51242 901 19 as as IN 51242 901 20 a a DT 51242 901 21 more more RBR 51242 901 22 flexible flexible JJ 51242 901 23 service service NN 51242 901 24 can can MD 51242 901 25 be be VB 51242 901 26 run run VBN 51242 901 27 . . . 51242 902 1 With with IN 51242 902 2 steam steam NN 51242 902 3 traction traction NN 51242 902 4 the the DT 51242 902 5 number number NN 51242 902 6 of of IN 51242 902 7 trains train NNS 51242 902 8 which which WDT 51242 902 9 may may MD 51242 902 10 enter enter VB 51242 902 11 or or CC 51242 902 12 leave leave VB 51242 902 13 a a DT 51242 902 14 terminus terminus NN 51242 902 15 is be VBZ 51242 902 16 limited limit VBN 51242 902 17 by by IN 51242 902 18 the the DT 51242 902 19 time time NN 51242 902 20 occupied occupy VBN 51242 902 21 in in IN 51242 902 22 shunting shunt VBG 51242 902 23 and and CC 51242 902 24 by by IN 51242 902 25 the the DT 51242 902 26 necessity necessity NN 51242 902 27 of of IN 51242 902 28 leaving leave VBG 51242 902 29 lines line NNS 51242 902 30 of of IN 51242 902 31 rails rail NNS 51242 902 32 free free JJ 51242 902 33 for for IN 51242 902 34 that that DT 51242 902 35 operation operation NN 51242 902 36 . . . 51242 903 1 With with IN 51242 903 2 an an DT 51242 903 3 electric electric JJ 51242 903 4 train train NN 51242 903 5 on on IN 51242 903 6 the the DT 51242 903 7 multiple multiple JJ 51242 903 8 - - HYPH 51242 903 9 unit unit NN 51242 903 10 system system NN 51242 903 11 , , , 51242 903 12 no no DT 51242 903 13 more more JJR 51242 903 14 time time NN 51242 903 15 is be VBZ 51242 903 16 lost lose VBN 51242 903 17 than than IN 51242 903 18 the the DT 51242 903 19 few few JJ 51242 903 20 seconds second NNS 51242 903 21 necessary necessary JJ 51242 903 22 for for IN 51242 903 23 the the DT 51242 903 24 driver driver NN 51242 903 25 to to TO 51242 903 26 walk walk VB 51242 903 27 from from IN 51242 903 28 the the DT 51242 903 29 front front NN 51242 903 30 of of IN 51242 903 31 the the DT 51242 903 32 train train NN 51242 903 33 to to IN 51242 903 34 the the DT 51242 903 35 rear rear NN 51242 903 36 , , , 51242 903 37 which which WDT 51242 903 38 then then RB 51242 903 39 becomes become VBZ 51242 903 40 the the DT 51242 903 41 ' ' `` 51242 903 42 front front NN 51242 903 43 . . . 51242 903 44 ' ' '' 51242 904 1 No no DT 51242 904 2 lines line NNS 51242 904 3 have have VBP 51242 904 4 to to TO 51242 904 5 be be VB 51242 904 6 kept keep VBN 51242 904 7 open open JJ 51242 904 8 for for IN 51242 904 9 shunting shunt VBG 51242 904 10 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 904 11 , , , 51242 904 12 so so IN 51242 904 13 that that IN 51242 904 14 the the DT 51242 904 15 available available JJ 51242 904 16 accommodation accommodation NN 51242 904 17 for for IN 51242 904 18 trains train NNS 51242 904 19 is be VBZ 51242 904 20 considerably considerably RB 51242 904 21 increased increase VBN 51242 904 22 . . . 51242 905 1 Some some DT 51242 905 2 of of IN 51242 905 3 the the DT 51242 905 4 London London NNP 51242 905 5 railway railway NN 51242 905 6 companies company NNS 51242 905 7 have have VBP 51242 905 8 spent spend VBN 51242 905 9 enormous enormous JJ 51242 905 10 sums sum NNS 51242 905 11 in in IN 51242 905 12 enlarging enlarge VBG 51242 905 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 905 14 terminal terminal JJ 51242 905 15 accommodation accommodation NN 51242 905 16 and and CC 51242 905 17 have have VBP 51242 905 18 found find VBN 51242 905 19 that that IN 51242 905 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 905 21 is be VBZ 51242 905 22 still still RB 51242 905 23 inadequate inadequate JJ 51242 905 24 to to IN 51242 905 25 the the DT 51242 905 26 demands demand NNS 51242 905 27 of of IN 51242 905 28 the the DT 51242 905 29 ' ' `` 51242 905 30 rush rush NN 51242 905 31 ' ' '' 51242 905 32 traffic traffic NN 51242 905 33 . . . 51242 906 1 Electric electric JJ 51242 906 2 traction traction NN 51242 906 3 therefore therefore RB 51242 906 4 offers offer VBZ 51242 906 5 them -PRON- PRP 51242 906 6 an an DT 51242 906 7 improvement improvement NN 51242 906 8 of of IN 51242 906 9 enormous enormous JJ 51242 906 10 value value NN 51242 906 11 without without IN 51242 906 12 the the DT 51242 906 13 expenditure expenditure NN 51242 906 14 of of IN 51242 906 15 a a DT 51242 906 16 penny penny NN 51242 906 17 on on IN 51242 906 18 station station NN 51242 906 19 alterations alteration NNS 51242 906 20 . . . 51242 907 1 The the DT 51242 907 2 crowning crowning JJ 51242 907 3 advantage advantage NN 51242 907 4 of of IN 51242 907 5 electric electric JJ 51242 907 6 traction traction NN 51242 907 7 lies lie NNS 51242 907 8 , , , 51242 907 9 however however RB 51242 907 10 , , , 51242 907 11 in in IN 51242 907 12 the the DT 51242 907 13 more more RBR 51242 907 14 rapid rapid JJ 51242 907 15 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 907 16 which which WDT 51242 907 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 907 18 affords afford VBZ 51242 907 19 . . . 51242 908 1 We -PRON- PRP 51242 908 2 have have VBP 51242 908 3 already already RB 51242 908 4 seen see VBN 51242 908 5 how how WRB 51242 908 6 important important JJ 51242 908 7 this this DT 51242 908 8 item item NN 51242 908 9 is be VBZ 51242 908 10 on on IN 51242 908 11 tramways tramway NNS 51242 908 12 . . . 51242 909 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 909 2 is be VBZ 51242 909 3 still still RB 51242 909 4 more more RBR 51242 909 5 important important JJ 51242 909 6 on on IN 51242 909 7 suburban suburban JJ 51242 909 8 railways railway NNS 51242 909 9 , , , 51242 909 10 where where WRB 51242 909 11 a a DT 51242 909 12 high high JJ 51242 909 13 average average JJ 51242 909 14 speed speed NN 51242 909 15 , , , 51242 909 16 in in IN 51242 909 17 spite spite NN 51242 909 18 of of IN 51242 909 19 frequent frequent JJ 51242 909 20 stops stop NNS 51242 909 21 , , , 51242 909 22 is be VBZ 51242 909 23 a a DT 51242 909 24 vital vital JJ 51242 909 25 matter matter NN 51242 909 26 . . . 51242 910 1 On on IN 51242 910 2 the the DT 51242 910 3 District District NNP 51242 910 4 Railway Railway NNP 51242 910 5 the the DT 51242 910 6 rate rate NN 51242 910 7 of of IN 51242 910 8 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 910 9 in in IN 51242 910 10 the the DT 51242 910 11 old old JJ 51242 910 12 steam steam NN 51242 910 13 days day NNS 51242 910 14 was be VBD 51242 910 15 about about RB 51242 910 16 6 6 CD 51242 910 17 inches inch NNS 51242 910 18 per per IN 51242 910 19 second second JJ 51242 910 20 per per IN 51242 910 21 second second NN 51242 910 22 . . . 51242 911 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 911 2 was be VBD 51242 911 3 , , , 51242 911 4 in in IN 51242 911 5 fact fact NN 51242 911 6 , , , 51242 911 7 so so RB 51242 911 8 low low JJ 51242 911 9 that that IN 51242 911 10 the the DT 51242 911 11 trains train NNS 51242 911 12 could could MD 51242 911 13 not not RB 51242 911 14 reach reach VB 51242 911 15 a a DT 51242 911 16 fair fair JJ 51242 911 17 speed speed NN 51242 911 18 before before IN 51242 911 19 the the DT 51242 911 20 brakes brake NNS 51242 911 21 had have VBD 51242 911 22 to to TO 51242 911 23 be be VB 51242 911 24 applied apply VBN 51242 911 25 to to TO 51242 911 26 bring bring VB 51242 911 27 the the DT 51242 911 28 train train NN 51242 911 29 to to IN 51242 911 30 a a DT 51242 911 31 stop stop NN 51242 911 32 at at IN 51242 911 33 the the DT 51242 911 34 next next JJ 51242 911 35 station station NN 51242 911 36 . . . 51242 912 1 With with IN 51242 912 2 electric electric JJ 51242 912 3 traction traction NN 51242 912 4 the the DT 51242 912 5 rate rate NN 51242 912 6 of of IN 51242 912 7 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 912 8 has have VBZ 51242 912 9 risen rise VBN 51242 912 10 to to IN 51242 912 11 about about IN 51242 912 12 18 18 CD 51242 912 13 inches inch NNS 51242 912 14 per per IN 51242 912 15 second second JJ 51242 912 16 per per IN 51242 912 17 second second NN 51242 912 18 . . . 51242 913 1 On on IN 51242 913 2 the the DT 51242 913 3 Liverpool Liverpool NNP 51242 913 4 Overhead Overhead NNP 51242 913 5 Railway Railway NNP 51242 913 6 a a DT 51242 913 7 rate rate NN 51242 913 8 of of IN 51242 913 9 36 36 CD 51242 913 10 inches inch NNS 51242 913 11 per per IN 51242 913 12 second second JJ 51242 913 13 per per IN 51242 913 14 second second JJ 51242 913 15 was be VBD 51242 913 16 reached reach VBN 51242 913 17 in in IN 51242 913 18 certain certain JJ 51242 913 19 tests test NNS 51242 913 20 . . . 51242 914 1 Heavy heavy JJ 51242 914 2 starting starting NN 51242 914 3 currents current NNS 51242 914 4 are be VBP 51242 914 5 , , , 51242 914 6 of of IN 51242 914 7 course course NN 51242 914 8 , , , 51242 914 9 necessary necessary JJ 51242 914 10 to to TO 51242 914 11 bring bring VB 51242 914 12 a a DT 51242 914 13 train train NN 51242 914 14 from from IN 51242 914 15 rest rest NN 51242 914 16 to to IN 51242 914 17 full full JJ 51242 914 18 speed speed NN 51242 914 19 at at IN 51242 914 20 such such PDT 51242 914 21 a a DT 51242 914 22 rapid rapid JJ 51242 914 23 rate rate NN 51242 914 24 , , , 51242 914 25 but but CC 51242 914 26 it -PRON- PRP 51242 914 27 is be VBZ 51242 914 28 quite quite RB 51242 914 29 possible possible JJ 51242 914 30 for for IN 51242 914 31 the the DT 51242 914 32 electrical electrical JJ 51242 914 33 engineer engineer NN 51242 914 34 , , , 51242 914 35 without without IN 51242 914 36 being be VBG 51242 914 37 unduly unduly RB 51242 914 38 extravagant extravagant JJ 51242 914 39 in in IN 51242 914 40 current current NN 51242 914 41 , , , 51242 914 42 to to TO 51242 914 43 accelerate accelerate VB 51242 914 44 a a DT 51242 914 45 train train NN 51242 914 46 more more RBR 51242 914 47 quickly quickly RB 51242 914 48 than than IN 51242 914 49 the the DT 51242 914 50 passengers passenger NNS 51242 914 51 would would MD 51242 914 52 find find VB 51242 914 53 comfortable comfortable JJ 51242 914 54 . . . 51242 915 1 The the DT 51242 915 2 practical practical JJ 51242 915 3 result result NN 51242 915 4 of of IN 51242 915 5 rapid rapid JJ 51242 915 6 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 915 7 ( ( -LRB- 51242 915 8 combined combine VBN 51242 915 9 with with IN 51242 915 10 rapid rapid JJ 51242 915 11 braking braking NN 51242 915 12 ) ) -RRB- 51242 915 13 is be VBZ 51242 915 14 not not RB 51242 915 15 only only JJ 51242 915 16 to to TO 51242 915 17 give give VB 51242 915 18 a a DT 51242 915 19 higher high JJR 51242 915 20 average average JJ 51242 915 21 speed speed NN 51242 915 22 but but CC 51242 915 23 also also RB 51242 915 24 to to TO 51242 915 25 enable enable VB 51242 915 26 a a DT 51242 915 27 more more RBR 51242 915 28 frequent frequent JJ 51242 915 29 service service NN 51242 915 30 to to TO 51242 915 31 be be VB 51242 915 32 run run VBN 51242 915 33 . . . 51242 916 1 Owing owe VBG 51242 916 2 to to IN 51242 916 3 the the DT 51242 916 4 block block NN 51242 916 5 system system NN 51242 916 6 on on IN 51242 916 7 railways railway NNS 51242 916 8 it -PRON- PRP 51242 916 9 is be VBZ 51242 916 10 impossible impossible JJ 51242 916 11 for for IN 51242 916 12 trains train NNS 51242 916 13 to to TO 51242 916 14 follow follow VB 51242 916 15 each each DT 51242 916 16 other other JJ 51242 916 17 closely closely RB 51242 916 18 in in IN 51242 916 19 the the DT 51242 916 20 manner manner NN 51242 916 21 of of IN 51242 916 22 tramcars tramcar NNS 51242 916 23 ; ; : 51242 916 24 and and CC 51242 916 25 it -PRON- PRP 51242 916 26 is be VBZ 51242 916 27 therefore therefore RB 51242 916 28 of of IN 51242 916 29 cardinal cardinal JJ 51242 916 30 importance importance NN 51242 916 31 that that IN 51242 916 32 no no DT 51242 916 33 train train NN 51242 916 34 should should MD 51242 916 35 occupy occupy VB 51242 916 36 a a DT 51242 916 37 block block NN 51242 916 38 for for IN 51242 916 39 one one CD 51242 916 40 second second NN 51242 916 41 more more RBR 51242 916 42 than than IN 51242 916 43 is be VBZ 51242 916 44 necessary necessary JJ 51242 916 45 . . . 51242 917 1 Rapid rapid JJ 51242 917 2 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 917 3 becomes become VBZ 51242 917 4 all all PDT 51242 917 5 the the DT 51242 917 6 more more RBR 51242 917 7 important important JJ 51242 917 8 in in IN 51242 917 9 this this DT 51242 917 10 respect respect NN 51242 917 11 because because IN 51242 917 12 of of IN 51242 917 13 the the DT 51242 917 14 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 917 15 of of IN 51242 917 16 setting set VBG 51242 917 17 down down RP 51242 917 18 and and CC 51242 917 19 picking pick VBG 51242 917 20 up up RP 51242 917 21 passengers passenger NNS 51242 917 22 quickly quickly RB 51242 917 23 . . . 51242 918 1 This this DT 51242 918 2 difficulty difficulty NN 51242 918 3 is be VBZ 51242 918 4 overcome overcome VBN 51242 918 5 in in IN 51242 918 6 part part NN 51242 918 7 by by IN 51242 918 8 using use VBG 51242 918 9 saloon saloon NN 51242 918 10 carriages carriage NNS 51242 918 11 with with IN 51242 918 12 middle middle JJ 51242 918 13 and and CC 51242 918 14 end end NN 51242 918 15 doors door NNS 51242 918 16 , , , 51242 918 17 in in IN 51242 918 18 place place NN 51242 918 19 of of IN 51242 918 20 compartment compartment NN 51242 918 21 carriages carriage NNS 51242 918 22 . . . 51242 919 1 At at IN 51242 919 2 first first RB 51242 919 3 the the DT 51242 919 4 District District NNP 51242 919 5 Railway Railway NNP 51242 919 6 tried try VBD 51242 919 7 to to TO 51242 919 8 help help VB 51242 919 9 matters matter NNS 51242 919 10 by by IN 51242 919 11 operating operate VBG 51242 919 12 these these DT 51242 919 13 doors door NNS 51242 919 14 pneumatically pneumatically RB 51242 919 15 , , , 51242 919 16 but but CC 51242 919 17 the the DT 51242 919 18 mechanism mechanism NN 51242 919 19 became become VBD 51242 919 20 unpopular unpopular JJ 51242 919 21 after after IN 51242 919 22 a a DT 51242 919 23 number number NN 51242 919 24 of of IN 51242 919 25 late late JJ 51242 919 26 - - HYPH 51242 919 27 comers comer NNS 51242 919 28 had have VBD 51242 919 29 been be VBN 51242 919 30 pinched pinch VBN 51242 919 31 by by IN 51242 919 32 closing close VBG 51242 919 33 doors door NNS 51242 919 34 . . . 51242 920 1 The the DT 51242 920 2 management management NN 51242 920 3 has have VBZ 51242 920 4 reverted revert VBN 51242 920 5 to to IN 51242 920 6 hand hand VB 51242 920 7 operation operation NN 51242 920 8 ; ; : 51242 920 9 and and CC 51242 920 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 920 11 has have VBZ 51242 920 12 probably probably RB 51242 920 13 achieved achieve VBN 51242 920 14 more more JJR 51242 920 15 by by IN 51242 920 16 educating educate VBG 51242 920 17 the the DT 51242 920 18 public public NN 51242 920 19 to to TO 51242 920 20 move move VB 51242 920 21 quickly quickly RB 51242 920 22 than than IN 51242 920 23 it -PRON- PRP 51242 920 24 would would MD 51242 920 25 have have VB 51242 920 26 gained gain VBN 51242 920 27 with with IN 51242 920 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 920 29 too too RB 51242 920 30 - - HYPH 51242 920 31 perfect perfect JJ 51242 920 32 mechanical mechanical JJ 51242 920 33 system system NN 51242 920 34 . . . 51242 921 1 London London NNP 51242 921 2 travellers traveller NNS 51242 921 3 have have VBP 51242 921 4 become become VBN 51242 921 5 so so RB 51242 921 6 accustomed accustomed JJ 51242 921 7 to to IN 51242 921 8 entering enter VBG 51242 921 9 and and CC 51242 921 10 leaving leave VBG 51242 921 11 trains train NNS 51242 921 12 quickly quickly RB 51242 921 13 that that IN 51242 921 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 921 15 is be VBZ 51242 921 16 possible possible JJ 51242 921 17 for for IN 51242 921 18 an an DT 51242 921 19 observer observer NN 51242 921 20 to to TO 51242 921 21 distinguish distinguish VB 51242 921 22 strangers stranger NNS 51242 921 23 by by IN 51242 921 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 921 25 slower slow JJR 51242 921 26 movements movement NNS 51242 921 27 on on IN 51242 921 28 an an DT 51242 921 29 underground underground JJ 51242 921 30 railway railway NN 51242 921 31 . . . 51242 922 1 Thus thus RB 51242 922 2 the the DT 51242 922 3 passenger passenger NN 51242 922 4 , , , 51242 922 5 as as RB 51242 922 6 well well RB 51242 922 7 as as IN 51242 922 8 the the DT 51242 922 9 service service NN 51242 922 10 , , , 51242 922 11 has have VBZ 51242 922 12 been be VBN 51242 922 13 ' ' `` 51242 922 14 speeded speed VBN 51242 922 15 - - HYPH 51242 922 16 up up RP 51242 922 17 . . . 51242 922 18 ' ' '' 51242 923 1 The the DT 51242 923 2 more more RBR 51242 923 3 frequent frequent JJ 51242 923 4 service service NN 51242 923 5 of of IN 51242 923 6 trains train NNS 51242 923 7 with with IN 51242 923 8 a a DT 51242 923 9 higher high JJR 51242 923 10 average average JJ 51242 923 11 speed speed NN 51242 923 12 would would MD 51242 923 13 not not RB 51242 923 14 have have VB 51242 923 15 been be VBN 51242 923 16 possible possible JJ 51242 923 17 , , , 51242 923 18 however however RB 51242 923 19 , , , 51242 923 20 without without IN 51242 923 21 an an DT 51242 923 22 improvement improvement NN 51242 923 23 upon upon IN 51242 923 24 the the DT 51242 923 25 old old JJ 51242 923 26 methods method NNS 51242 923 27 of of IN 51242 923 28 signalling signal VBG 51242 923 29 . . . 51242 924 1 There there EX 51242 924 2 is be VBZ 51242 924 3 no no DT 51242 924 4 need need NN 51242 924 5 to to TO 51242 924 6 dwell dwell VB 51242 924 7 upon upon IN 51242 924 8 the the DT 51242 924 9 weakness weakness NN 51242 924 10 of of IN 51242 924 11 the the DT 51242 924 12 human human JJ 51242 924 13 element element NN 51242 924 14 in in IN 51242 924 15 railway railway NN 51242 924 16 signalling signalling NN 51242 924 17 ; ; : 51242 924 18 and and CC 51242 924 19 it -PRON- PRP 51242 924 20 will will MD 51242 924 21 be be VB 51242 924 22 clear clear JJ 51242 924 23 even even RB 51242 924 24 to to IN 51242 924 25 the the DT 51242 924 26 layman layman NN 51242 924 27 that that IN 51242 924 28 the the DT 51242 924 29 strain strain NN 51242 924 30 of of IN 51242 924 31 handling handle VBG 51242 924 32 traffic traffic NN 51242 924 33 with with IN 51242 924 34 a a DT 51242 924 35 headway headway NN 51242 924 36 of of IN 51242 924 37 one one CD 51242 924 38 minute minute NN 51242 924 39 and and CC 51242 924 40 a a DT 51242 924 41 half half NN 51242 924 42 , , , 51242 924 43 or or CC 51242 924 44 less less RBR 51242 924 45 , , , 51242 924 46 would would MD 51242 924 47 be be VB 51242 924 48 more more JJR 51242 924 49 than than IN 51242 924 50 men man NNS 51242 924 51 could could MD 51242 924 52 stand stand VB 51242 924 53 . . . 51242 925 1 Automatic automatic JJ 51242 925 2 signalling signalling NN 51242 925 3 had have VBD 51242 925 4 therefore therefore RB 51242 925 5 to to TO 51242 925 6 be be VB 51242 925 7 adopted adopt VBN 51242 925 8 to to TO 51242 925 9 obviate obviate VB 51242 925 10 the the DT 51242 925 11 risk risk NN 51242 925 12 of of IN 51242 925 13 disaster disaster NN 51242 925 14 . . . 51242 926 1 Each each DT 51242 926 2 train train NN 51242 926 3 , , , 51242 926 4 as as IN 51242 926 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 926 6 leaves leave VBZ 51242 926 7 a a DT 51242 926 8 block block NN 51242 926 9 or or CC 51242 926 10 section section NN 51242 926 11 , , , 51242 926 12 ' ' '' 51242 926 13 clears clear VBZ 51242 926 14 ' ' '' 51242 926 15 the the DT 51242 926 16 signals signal NNS 51242 926 17 for for IN 51242 926 18 that that DT 51242 926 19 block block NN 51242 926 20 ; ; : 51242 926 21 and and CC 51242 926 22 when when WRB 51242 926 23 any any DT 51242 926 24 train train NN 51242 926 25 attempts attempt VBZ 51242 926 26 to to TO 51242 926 27 enter enter VB 51242 926 28 a a DT 51242 926 29 block block NN 51242 926 30 against against IN 51242 926 31 signals signal NNS 51242 926 32 , , , 51242 926 33 the the DT 51242 926 34 current current NN 51242 926 35 is be VBZ 51242 926 36 automatically automatically RB 51242 926 37 switched switch VBN 51242 926 38 off off RP 51242 926 39 and and CC 51242 926 40 the the DT 51242 926 41 brakes brake NNS 51242 926 42 applied apply VBD 51242 926 43 . . . 51242 927 1 The the DT 51242 927 2 system system NN 51242 927 3 is be VBZ 51242 927 4 so so RB 51242 927 5 perfect perfect JJ 51242 927 6 that that IN 51242 927 7 , , , 51242 927 8 in in IN 51242 927 9 spite spite NN 51242 927 10 of of IN 51242 927 11 the the DT 51242 927 12 enormous enormous JJ 51242 927 13 traffic traffic NN 51242 927 14 worked work VBD 51242 927 15 under under IN 51242 927 16 it -PRON- PRP 51242 927 17 , , , 51242 927 18 there there EX 51242 927 19 has have VBZ 51242 927 20 been be VBN 51242 927 21 no no DT 51242 927 22 failure failure NN 51242 927 23 and and CC 51242 927 24 no no DT 51242 927 25 accident accident NN 51242 927 26 . . . 51242 928 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 928 2 is be VBZ 51242 928 3 , , , 51242 928 4 of of IN 51242 928 5 course course NN 51242 928 6 , , , 51242 928 7 costly costly JJ 51242 928 8 to to TO 51242 928 9 install install VB 51242 928 10 ; ; : 51242 928 11 and and CC 51242 928 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 928 13 cost cost NN 51242 928 14 can can MD 51242 928 15 be be VB 51242 928 16 justified justify VBN 51242 928 17 ( ( -LRB- 51242 928 18 financially financially RB 51242 928 19 ) ) -RRB- 51242 928 20 only only RB 51242 928 21 when when WRB 51242 928 22 the the DT 51242 928 23 traffic traffic NN 51242 928 24 is be VBZ 51242 928 25 very very RB 51242 928 26 heavy heavy JJ 51242 928 27 -- -- : 51242 928 28 that that DT 51242 928 29 is be VBZ 51242 928 30 to to TO 51242 928 31 say say VB 51242 928 32 , , , 51242 928 33 when when WRB 51242 928 34 the the DT 51242 928 35 conditions condition NNS 51242 928 36 make make VBP 51242 928 37 it -PRON- PRP 51242 928 38 almost almost RB 51242 928 39 a a DT 51242 928 40 necessity necessity NN 51242 928 41 . . . 51242 929 1 The the DT 51242 929 2 supply supply NN 51242 929 3 of of IN 51242 929 4 electric electric JJ 51242 929 5 power power NN 51242 929 6 to to IN 51242 929 7 electric electric JJ 51242 929 8 railways railway NNS 51242 929 9 is be VBZ 51242 929 10 organised organise VBN 51242 929 11 on on IN 51242 929 12 practically practically RB 51242 929 13 the the DT 51242 929 14 same same JJ 51242 929 15 lines line NNS 51242 929 16 as as IN 51242 929 17 in in IN 51242 929 18 the the DT 51242 929 19 case case NN 51242 929 20 of of IN 51242 929 21 tramways tramway NNS 51242 929 22 . . . 51242 930 1 That that DT 51242 930 2 is be VBZ 51242 930 3 to to TO 51242 930 4 say say VB 51242 930 5 , , , 51242 930 6 current current JJ 51242 930 7 is be VBZ 51242 930 8 generated generate VBN 51242 930 9 at at IN 51242 930 10 a a DT 51242 930 11 central central JJ 51242 930 12 station station NN 51242 930 13 , , , 51242 930 14 transmitted transmit VBN 51242 930 15 at at IN 51242 930 16 high high JJ 51242 930 17 pressure pressure NN 51242 930 18 to to IN 51242 930 19 various various JJ 51242 930 20 sub sub NN 51242 930 21 - - HYPH 51242 930 22 stations station NNS 51242 930 23 , , , 51242 930 24 and and CC 51242 930 25 supplied supply VBN 51242 930 26 from from IN 51242 930 27 there there RB 51242 930 28 at at IN 51242 930 29 working work VBG 51242 930 30 pressure pressure NN 51242 930 31 through through IN 51242 930 32 ' ' `` 51242 930 33 feeders feeder NNS 51242 930 34 ' ' '' 51242 930 35 to to IN 51242 930 36 each each DT 51242 930 37 section section NN 51242 930 38 of of IN 51242 930 39 the the DT 51242 930 40 system system NN 51242 930 41 . . . 51242 931 1 In in IN 51242 931 2 the the DT 51242 931 3 case case NN 51242 931 4 of of IN 51242 931 5 the the DT 51242 931 6 ' ' `` 51242 931 7 Underground Underground NNP 51242 931 8 ' ' '' 51242 931 9 system system NN 51242 931 10 , , , 51242 931 11 most most JJS 51242 931 12 of of IN 51242 931 13 the the DT 51242 931 14 power power NN 51242 931 15 is be VBZ 51242 931 16 taken take VBN 51242 931 17 from from IN 51242 931 18 a a DT 51242 931 19 single single JJ 51242 931 20 huge huge JJ 51242 931 21 electric electric JJ 51242 931 22 station station NN 51242 931 23 at at IN 51242 931 24 Chelsea Chelsea NNP 51242 931 25 . . . 51242 932 1 Current current JJ 51242 932 2 from from IN 51242 932 3 that that DT 51242 932 4 station station NN 51242 932 5 drives drive VBZ 51242 932 6 trains train NNS 51242 932 7 as as IN 51242 932 8 far far RB 51242 932 9 west west RB 51242 932 10 as as IN 51242 932 11 Wimbledon Wimbledon NNP 51242 932 12 , , , 51242 932 13 Hounslow Hounslow NNP 51242 932 14 , , , 51242 932 15 and and CC 51242 932 16 Ealing eale VBG 51242 932 17 , , , 51242 932 18 as as IN 51242 932 19 far far RB 51242 932 20 north north RB 51242 932 21 as as IN 51242 932 22 Highgate Highgate NNP 51242 932 23 and and CC 51242 932 24 Golder Golder NNP 51242 932 25 's 's POS 51242 932 26 Green Green NNP 51242 932 27 , , , 51242 932 28 and and CC 51242 932 29 as as IN 51242 932 30 far far RB 51242 932 31 east east RB 51242 932 32 as as IN 51242 932 33 Barking Barking NNP 51242 932 34 . . . 51242 933 1 This this DT 51242 933 2 is be VBZ 51242 933 3 a a DT 51242 933 4 magnificent magnificent JJ 51242 933 5 example example NN 51242 933 6 of of IN 51242 933 7 the the DT 51242 933 8 concentration concentration NN 51242 933 9 which which WDT 51242 933 10 gives give VBZ 51242 933 11 economy economy NN 51242 933 12 . . . 51242 934 1 If if IN 51242 934 2 each each DT 51242 934 3 of of IN 51242 934 4 the the DT 51242 934 5 underground underground JJ 51242 934 6 railways railway NNS 51242 934 7 forming form VBG 51242 934 8 the the DT 51242 934 9 system system NN 51242 934 10 had have VBD 51242 934 11 erected erect VBN 51242 934 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 934 13 own own JJ 51242 934 14 generating generating NN 51242 934 15 station station NN 51242 934 16 , , , 51242 934 17 the the DT 51242 934 18 total total JJ 51242 934 19 initial initial JJ 51242 934 20 outlay outlay NN 51242 934 21 , , , 51242 934 22 on on IN 51242 934 23 land land NN 51242 934 24 , , , 51242 934 25 buildings building NNS 51242 934 26 , , , 51242 934 27 and and CC 51242 934 28 machinery machinery NN 51242 934 29 , , , 51242 934 30 would would MD 51242 934 31 have have VB 51242 934 32 been be VBN 51242 934 33 greater great JJR 51242 934 34 , , , 51242 934 35 and and CC 51242 934 36 the the DT 51242 934 37 cost cost NN 51242 934 38 of of IN 51242 934 39 current current NN 51242 934 40 would would MD 51242 934 41 have have VB 51242 934 42 been be VBN 51242 934 43 higher high JJR 51242 934 44 , , , 51242 934 45 owing owe VBG 51242 934 46 to to IN 51242 934 47 the the DT 51242 934 48 smaller small JJR 51242 934 49 output output NN 51242 934 50 and and CC 51242 934 51 the the DT 51242 934 52 more more RBR 51242 934 53 irregular irregular JJ 51242 934 54 demand demand NN 51242 934 55 which which WDT 51242 934 56 a a DT 51242 934 57 single single JJ 51242 934 58 railway railway NN 51242 934 59 affords afford NNS 51242 934 60 . . . 51242 935 1 The the DT 51242 935 2 ideal ideal JJ 51242 935 3 electric electric JJ 51242 935 4 power power NN 51242 935 5 station station NN 51242 935 6 is be VBZ 51242 935 7 one one CD 51242 935 8 which which WDT 51242 935 9 is be VBZ 51242 935 10 constructed construct VBN 51242 935 11 with with IN 51242 935 12 the the DT 51242 935 13 largest large JJS 51242 935 14 generating generate VBG 51242 935 15 units unit NNS 51242 935 16 and and CC 51242 935 17 produces produce VBZ 51242 935 18 current current JJ 51242 935 19 at at IN 51242 935 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 935 21 maximum maximum JJ 51242 935 22 capacity capacity NN 51242 935 23 throughout throughout IN 51242 935 24 the the DT 51242 935 25 twenty twenty CD 51242 935 26 - - HYPH 51242 935 27 four four CD 51242 935 28 hours hour NNS 51242 935 29 of of IN 51242 935 30 each each DT 51242 935 31 day day NN 51242 935 32 . . . 51242 936 1 The the DT 51242 936 2 Chelsea Chelsea NNP 51242 936 3 power power NN 51242 936 4 station station NN 51242 936 5 is be VBZ 51242 936 6 nearer near JJR 51242 936 7 the the DT 51242 936 8 ideal ideal NN 51242 936 9 than than IN 51242 936 10 a a DT 51242 936 11 smaller small JJR 51242 936 12 one one NN 51242 936 13 supplying supply VBG 51242 936 14 a a DT 51242 936 15 short short JJ 51242 936 16 railway railway NN 51242 936 17 could could MD 51242 936 18 be be VB 51242 936 19 . . . 51242 937 1 And and CC 51242 937 2 a a DT 51242 937 3 station station NN 51242 937 4 of of IN 51242 937 5 the the DT 51242 937 6 latter latter JJ 51242 937 7 class class NN 51242 937 8 is be VBZ 51242 937 9 , , , 51242 937 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 937 11 may may MD 51242 937 12 be be VB 51242 937 13 noted note VBN 51242 937 14 , , , 51242 937 15 nearer nearer VB 51242 937 16 the the DT 51242 937 17 ideal ideal NN 51242 937 18 than than IN 51242 937 19 the the DT 51242 937 20 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 937 21 on on IN 51242 937 22 a a DT 51242 937 23 steam steam NN 51242 937 24 railway railway NN 51242 937 25 , , , 51242 937 26 where where WRB 51242 937 27 the the DT 51242 937 28 sources source NNS 51242 937 29 of of IN 51242 937 30 power power NN 51242 937 31 are be VBP 51242 937 32 scattered scatter VBN 51242 937 33 in in IN 51242 937 34 hundreds hundred NNS 51242 937 35 of of IN 51242 937 36 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 937 37 . . . 51242 938 1 The the DT 51242 938 2 concentration concentration NN 51242 938 3 of of IN 51242 938 4 power power NN 51242 938 5 is be VBZ 51242 938 6 therefore therefore RB 51242 938 7 one one CD 51242 938 8 of of IN 51242 938 9 the the DT 51242 938 10 many many JJ 51242 938 11 factors factor NNS 51242 938 12 which which WDT 51242 938 13 have have VBP 51242 938 14 enabled enable VBN 51242 938 15 electric electric JJ 51242 938 16 railways railway NNS 51242 938 17 to to TO 51242 938 18 give give VB 51242 938 19 a a DT 51242 938 20 vastly vastly RB 51242 938 21 improved improve VBN 51242 938 22 service service NN 51242 938 23 at at IN 51242 938 24 lower low JJR 51242 938 25 fares fare NNS 51242 938 26 . . . 51242 939 1 With with IN 51242 939 2 two two CD 51242 939 3 exceptions exception NNS 51242 939 4 -- -- : 51242 939 5 to to TO 51242 939 6 be be VB 51242 939 7 considered consider VBN 51242 939 8 in in IN 51242 939 9 the the DT 51242 939 10 next next JJ 51242 939 11 chapter chapter NN 51242 939 12 -- -- : 51242 939 13 the the DT 51242 939 14 electric electric JJ 51242 939 15 railways railway NNS 51242 939 16 of of IN 51242 939 17 Great Great NNP 51242 939 18 Britain Britain NNP 51242 939 19 are be VBP 51242 939 20 constructed construct VBN 51242 939 21 on on IN 51242 939 22 the the DT 51242 939 23 ' ' `` 51242 939 24 third third JJ 51242 939 25 - - HYPH 51242 939 26 rail rail NN 51242 939 27 ' ' '' 51242 939 28 system system NN 51242 939 29 . . . 51242 940 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 940 2 are be VBP 51242 940 3 thus thus RB 51242 940 4 a a DT 51242 940 5 reversion reversion NN 51242 940 6 to to IN 51242 940 7 -- -- : 51242 940 8 or or CC 51242 940 9 , , , 51242 940 10 rather rather RB 51242 940 11 , , , 51242 940 12 a a DT 51242 940 13 survival survival NN 51242 940 14 of of IN 51242 940 15 -- -- : 51242 940 16 the the DT 51242 940 17 original original JJ 51242 940 18 type type NN 51242 940 19 adopted adopt VBN 51242 940 20 by by IN 51242 940 21 Siemens Siemens NNP 51242 940 22 in in IN 51242 940 23 1879 1879 CD 51242 940 24 . . . 51242 941 1 The the DT 51242 941 2 ' ' `` 51242 941 3 third third JJ 51242 941 4 - - HYPH 51242 941 5 rail rail NN 51242 941 6 ' ' '' 51242 941 7 is be VBZ 51242 941 8 carried carry VBN 51242 941 9 on on IN 51242 941 10 insulators insulator NNS 51242 941 11 a a DT 51242 941 12 few few JJ 51242 941 13 inches inch NNS 51242 941 14 outside outside IN 51242 941 15 the the DT 51242 941 16 track track NN 51242 941 17 rail rail NN 51242 941 18 ; ; : 51242 941 19 and and CC 51242 941 20 the the DT 51242 941 21 motor motor NN 51242 941 22 cars car NNS 51242 941 23 are be VBP 51242 941 24 provided provide VBN 51242 941 25 with with IN 51242 941 26 a a DT 51242 941 27 ' ' `` 51242 941 28 brush brush NN 51242 941 29 ' ' '' 51242 941 30 or or CC 51242 941 31 ' ' `` 51242 941 32 shoe shoe NN 51242 941 33 ' ' '' 51242 941 34 which which WDT 51242 941 35 slides slide VBZ 51242 941 36 along along IN 51242 941 37 it -PRON- PRP 51242 941 38 and and CC 51242 941 39 collects collect VBZ 51242 941 40 the the DT 51242 941 41 current current NN 51242 941 42 . . . 51242 942 1 In in IN 51242 942 2 the the DT 51242 942 3 centre centre NN 51242 942 4 of of IN 51242 942 5 the the DT 51242 942 6 track track NN 51242 942 7 there there EX 51242 942 8 is be VBZ 51242 942 9 generally generally RB 51242 942 10 a a DT 51242 942 11 second second JJ 51242 942 12 insulated insulate VBN 51242 942 13 rail rail NN 51242 942 14 to to TO 51242 942 15 carry carry VB 51242 942 16 the the DT 51242 942 17 return return NN 51242 942 18 current current NN 51242 942 19 , , , 51242 942 20 as as IN 51242 942 21 it -PRON- PRP 51242 942 22 is be VBZ 51242 942 23 more more RBR 51242 942 24 convenient convenient JJ 51242 942 25 , , , 51242 942 26 under under IN 51242 942 27 railway railway NN 51242 942 28 conditions condition NNS 51242 942 29 , , , 51242 942 30 to to TO 51242 942 31 have have VB 51242 942 32 a a DT 51242 942 33 conductor conductor NN 51242 942 34 independent independent JJ 51242 942 35 of of IN 51242 942 36 the the DT 51242 942 37 track track NN 51242 942 38 rails rail NNS 51242 942 39 than than IN 51242 942 40 to to TO 51242 942 41 follow follow VB 51242 942 42 the the DT 51242 942 43 tramway tramway JJ 51242 942 44 plan plan NN 51242 942 45 of of IN 51242 942 46 using use VBG 51242 942 47 the the DT 51242 942 48 rails rail NNS 51242 942 49 ' ' POS 51242 942 50 bonded bond VBN 51242 942 51 ' ' '' 51242 942 52 together together RB 51242 942 53 . . . 51242 943 1 In in IN 51242 943 2 stations station NNS 51242 943 3 and and CC 51242 943 4 at at IN 51242 943 5 crossings crossing NNS 51242 943 6 the the DT 51242 943 7 third third JJ 51242 943 8 or or CC 51242 943 9 ' ' `` 51242 943 10 live live JJ 51242 943 11 ' ' '' 51242 943 12 rail rail NN 51242 943 13 is be VBZ 51242 943 14 protected protect VBN 51242 943 15 by by IN 51242 943 16 a a DT 51242 943 17 wooden wooden JJ 51242 943 18 board board NN 51242 943 19 in in IN 51242 943 20 order order NN 51242 943 21 to to TO 51242 943 22 reduce reduce VB 51242 943 23 the the DT 51242 943 24 risk risk NN 51242 943 25 of of IN 51242 943 26 shock shock NN 51242 943 27 to to IN 51242 943 28 anyone anyone NN 51242 943 29 falling fall VBG 51242 943 30 on on IN 51242 943 31 the the DT 51242 943 32 line line NN 51242 943 33 or or CC 51242 943 34 walking walk VBG 51242 943 35 upon upon IN 51242 943 36 it -PRON- PRP 51242 943 37 . . . 51242 944 1 The the DT 51242 944 2 board board NN 51242 944 3 is be VBZ 51242 944 4 placed place VBN 51242 944 5 high high RB 51242 944 6 enough enough RB 51242 944 7 over over IN 51242 944 8 the the DT 51242 944 9 rail rail NN 51242 944 10 to to TO 51242 944 11 allow allow VB 51242 944 12 the the DT 51242 944 13 shoe shoe NN 51242 944 14 to to TO 51242 944 15 pass pass VB 51242 944 16 freely freely RB 51242 944 17 . . . 51242 945 1 As as IN 51242 945 2 regards regard VBZ 51242 945 3 the the DT 51242 945 4 motor motor NN 51242 945 5 equipment equipment NN 51242 945 6 on on IN 51242 945 7 the the DT 51242 945 8 cars car NNS 51242 945 9 , , , 51242 945 10 tramway tramway NN 51242 945 11 models model NNS 51242 945 12 have have VBP 51242 945 13 been be VBN 51242 945 14 followed follow VBN 51242 945 15 very very RB 51242 945 16 closely closely RB 51242 945 17 . . . 51242 946 1 The the DT 51242 946 2 ' ' `` 51242 946 3 series series NN 51242 946 4 - - HYPH 51242 946 5 parallel parallel NN 51242 946 6 ' ' '' 51242 946 7 system system NN 51242 946 8 of of IN 51242 946 9 control control NN 51242 946 10 is be VBZ 51242 946 11 again again RB 51242 946 12 adopted adopt VBN 51242 946 13 in in IN 51242 946 14 order order NN 51242 946 15 to to TO 51242 946 16 get get VB 51242 946 17 the the DT 51242 946 18 high high JJ 51242 946 19 starting start VBG 51242 946 20 torque torque NN 51242 946 21 which which WDT 51242 946 22 gives give VBZ 51242 946 23 rapid rapid JJ 51242 946 24 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 946 25 with with IN 51242 946 26 moderate moderate JJ 51242 946 27 current current JJ 51242 946 28 consumption consumption NN 51242 946 29 . . . 51242 947 1 The the DT 51242 947 2 course course NN 51242 947 3 of of IN 51242 947 4 the the DT 51242 947 5 current current NN 51242 947 6 is be VBZ 51242 947 7 again again RB 51242 947 8 from from IN 51242 947 9 the the DT 51242 947 10 live live JJ 51242 947 11 rail rail NN 51242 947 12 , , , 51242 947 13 through through IN 51242 947 14 the the DT 51242 947 15 controller controller NN 51242 947 16 , , , 51242 947 17 through through IN 51242 947 18 the the DT 51242 947 19 motors motor NNS 51242 947 20 , , , 51242 947 21 and and CC 51242 947 22 thence thence NN 51242 947 23 to to IN 51242 947 24 the the DT 51242 947 25 return return NN 51242 947 26 rail rail NN 51242 947 27 . . . 51242 948 1 The the DT 51242 948 2 controller controller NN 51242 948 3 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 948 4 is be VBZ 51242 948 5 more more RBR 51242 948 6 or or CC 51242 948 7 less less RBR 51242 948 8 on on IN 51242 948 9 the the DT 51242 948 10 tramway tramway JJ 51242 948 11 principle principle NN 51242 948 12 ; ; : 51242 948 13 and and CC 51242 948 14 the the DT 51242 948 15 main main JJ 51242 948 16 modification modification NN 51242 948 17 in in IN 51242 948 18 it -PRON- PRP 51242 948 19 is be VBZ 51242 948 20 the the DT 51242 948 21 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 948 22 which which WDT 51242 948 23 enables enable VBZ 51242 948 24 all all PDT 51242 948 25 the the DT 51242 948 26 motors motor NNS 51242 948 27 on on IN 51242 948 28 a a DT 51242 948 29 multiple multiple JJ 51242 948 30 - - HYPH 51242 948 31 unit unit NN 51242 948 32 train train NN 51242 948 33 to to TO 51242 948 34 be be VB 51242 948 35 operated operate VBN 51242 948 36 by by IN 51242 948 37 a a DT 51242 948 38 single single JJ 51242 948 39 controller controller NN 51242 948 40 . . . 51242 949 1 This this DT 51242 949 2 is be VBZ 51242 949 3 done do VBN 51242 949 4 by by IN 51242 949 5 connecting connect VBG 51242 949 6 the the DT 51242 949 7 controllers controller NNS 51242 949 8 electrically electrically RB 51242 949 9 and and CC 51242 949 10 using use VBG 51242 949 11 electric electric JJ 51242 949 12 power power NN 51242 949 13 so so IN 51242 949 14 that that IN 51242 949 15 they -PRON- PRP 51242 949 16 all all DT 51242 949 17 work work VBP 51242 949 18 in in IN 51242 949 19 unison unison NNP 51242 949 20 . . . 51242 950 1 Some some DT 51242 950 2 companies company NNS 51242 950 3 use use VBP 51242 950 4 , , , 51242 950 5 for for IN 51242 950 6 this this DT 51242 950 7 purpose purpose NN 51242 950 8 , , , 51242 950 9 compressed compress VBN 51242 950 10 air air NN 51242 950 11 controlled control VBN 51242 950 12 by by IN 51242 950 13 electricity electricity NN 51242 950 14 instead instead RB 51242 950 15 of of IN 51242 950 16 electric electric JJ 51242 950 17 power power NN 51242 950 18 alone alone RB 51242 950 19 , , , 51242 950 20 but but CC 51242 950 21 in in IN 51242 950 22 both both DT 51242 950 23 cases case NNS 51242 950 24 the the DT 51242 950 25 principle principle NN 51242 950 26 is be VBZ 51242 950 27 essentially essentially RB 51242 950 28 the the DT 51242 950 29 same same JJ 51242 950 30 . . . 51242 951 1 Considered consider VBN 51242 951 2 as as IN 51242 951 3 a a DT 51242 951 4 whole whole NN 51242 951 5 , , , 51242 951 6 the the DT 51242 951 7 difference difference NN 51242 951 8 between between IN 51242 951 9 a a DT 51242 951 10 tramway tramway NN 51242 951 11 and and CC 51242 951 12 an an DT 51242 951 13 electric electric JJ 51242 951 14 railway railway NN 51242 951 15 on on IN 51242 951 16 the the DT 51242 951 17 third third JJ 51242 951 18 - - HYPH 51242 951 19 rail rail NN 51242 951 20 system system NN 51242 951 21 is be VBZ 51242 951 22 a a DT 51242 951 23 difference difference NN 51242 951 24 in in IN 51242 951 25 degree degree NN 51242 951 26 , , , 51242 951 27 not not RB 51242 951 28 in in IN 51242 951 29 kind kind NN 51242 951 30 . . . 51242 952 1 The the DT 51242 952 2 traffic traffic NN 51242 952 3 is be VBZ 51242 952 4 greater great JJR 51242 952 5 and and CC 51242 952 6 the the DT 51242 952 7 speeds speed NNS 51242 952 8 higher higher RBR 51242 952 9 , , , 51242 952 10 but but CC 51242 952 11 both both DT 51242 952 12 serve serve VBP 51242 952 13 the the DT 51242 952 14 purposes purpose NNS 51242 952 15 of of IN 51242 952 16 comparatively comparatively RB 51242 952 17 short short JJ 51242 952 18 - - HYPH 51242 952 19 distance distance NN 51242 952 20 transit transit NN 51242 952 21 . . . 51242 953 1 Indeed indeed RB 51242 953 2 , , , 51242 953 3 within within IN 51242 953 4 certain certain JJ 51242 953 5 limits limit NNS 51242 953 6 they -PRON- PRP 51242 953 7 compete compete VBP 51242 953 8 with with IN 51242 953 9 each each DT 51242 953 10 other other JJ 51242 953 11 . . . 51242 954 1 There there EX 51242 954 2 remains remain VBZ 51242 954 3 to to TO 51242 954 4 be be VB 51242 954 5 considered consider VBN 51242 954 6 another another DT 51242 954 7 type type NN 51242 954 8 of of IN 51242 954 9 British british JJ 51242 954 10 electric electric JJ 51242 954 11 railway railway NN 51242 954 12 which which WDT 51242 954 13 points point VBZ 51242 954 14 the the DT 51242 954 15 way way NN 51242 954 16 to to IN 51242 954 17 the the DT 51242 954 18 extension extension NN 51242 954 19 of of IN 51242 954 20 the the DT 51242 954 21 new new JJ 51242 954 22 mode mode NN 51242 954 23 of of IN 51242 954 24 traction traction NN 51242 954 25 to to IN 51242 954 26 main main JJ 51242 954 27 line line NN 51242 954 28 railways railway NNS 51242 954 29 . . . 51242 955 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 51242 955 2 XIV XIV NNP 51242 955 3 ELECTRIC ELECTRIC NNP 51242 955 4 TRACTION TRACTION NNP 51242 955 5 ON on IN 51242 955 6 MAIN main JJ 51242 955 7 LINE line NN 51242 955 8 RAILWAYS railway NNS 51242 955 9 On on IN 51242 955 10 tramways tramway NNS 51242 955 11 , , , 51242 955 12 automobiles automobile NNS 51242 955 13 , , , 51242 955 14 and and CC 51242 955 15 ' ' `` 51242 955 16 third third JJ 51242 955 17 - - HYPH 51242 955 18 rail rail NN 51242 955 19 ' ' '' 51242 955 20 lines line NNS 51242 955 21 , , , 51242 955 22 the the DT 51242 955 23 electric electric JJ 51242 955 24 current current NN 51242 955 25 used use VBD 51242 955 26 belongs belong VBZ 51242 955 27 to to IN 51242 955 28 the the DT 51242 955 29 type type NN 51242 955 30 described describe VBN 51242 955 31 as as IN 51242 955 32 ' ' `` 51242 955 33 continuous continuous JJ 51242 955 34 ' ' '' 51242 955 35 or or CC 51242 955 36 ' ' `` 51242 955 37 direct direct JJ 51242 955 38 , , , 51242 955 39 ' ' '' 51242 955 40 because because IN 51242 955 41 the the DT 51242 955 42 flow flow NN 51242 955 43 is be VBZ 51242 955 44 always always RB 51242 955 45 in in IN 51242 955 46 the the DT 51242 955 47 same same JJ 51242 955 48 direction direction NN 51242 955 49 . . . 51242 956 1 The the DT 51242 956 2 other other JJ 51242 956 3 type type NN 51242 956 4 of of IN 51242 956 5 current current NN 51242 956 6 is be VBZ 51242 956 7 known know VBN 51242 956 8 as as IN 51242 956 9 ' ' '' 51242 956 10 alternating alternating NN 51242 956 11 , , , 51242 956 12 ' ' '' 51242 956 13 as as IN 51242 956 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 956 15 flows flow VBZ 51242 956 16 backwards backwards RB 51242 956 17 and and CC 51242 956 18 forwards forwards RB 51242 956 19 many many JJ 51242 956 20 times time NNS 51242 956 21 per per IN 51242 956 22 second second NN 51242 956 23 . . . 51242 957 1 There there EX 51242 957 2 are be VBP 51242 957 3 several several JJ 51242 957 4 kinds kind NNS 51242 957 5 of of IN 51242 957 6 alternating alternate VBG 51242 957 7 current current JJ 51242 957 8 -- -- : 51242 957 9 single single JJ 51242 957 10 - - HYPH 51242 957 11 phase phase NN 51242 957 12 , , , 51242 957 13 two two CD 51242 957 14 - - HYPH 51242 957 15 phase phase NN 51242 957 16 , , , 51242 957 17 three three CD 51242 957 18 - - HYPH 51242 957 19 phase phase NN 51242 957 20 , , , 51242 957 21 and and CC 51242 957 22 polyphase polyphase NN 51242 957 23 -- -- : 51242 957 24 each each DT 51242 957 25 produced produce VBN 51242 957 26 from from IN 51242 957 27 generators generator NNS 51242 957 28 designed design VBN 51242 957 29 in in IN 51242 957 30 a a DT 51242 957 31 particular particular JJ 51242 957 32 way way NN 51242 957 33 . . . 51242 958 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 958 2 is be VBZ 51242 958 3 not not RB 51242 958 4 possible possible JJ 51242 958 5 to to TO 51242 958 6 give give VB 51242 958 7 any any DT 51242 958 8 adequate adequate JJ 51242 958 9 account account NN 51242 958 10 of of IN 51242 958 11 these these DT 51242 958 12 different different JJ 51242 958 13 kinds kind NNS 51242 958 14 of of IN 51242 958 15 alternating alternate VBG 51242 958 16 current current NN 51242 958 17 without without IN 51242 958 18 going go VBG 51242 958 19 rather rather RB 51242 958 20 deeply deeply RB 51242 958 21 into into IN 51242 958 22 the the DT 51242 958 23 theory theory NN 51242 958 24 of of IN 51242 958 25 electricity electricity NN 51242 958 26 . . . 51242 959 1 The the DT 51242 959 2 ultimate ultimate JJ 51242 959 3 practical practical JJ 51242 959 4 point point NN 51242 959 5 is be VBZ 51242 959 6 that that IN 51242 959 7 in in IN 51242 959 8 transmitting transmit VBG 51242 959 9 alternating alternate VBG 51242 959 10 currents current NNS 51242 959 11 the the DT 51242 959 12 circuits circuit NNS 51242 959 13 increase increase VBP 51242 959 14 in in IN 51242 959 15 number number NN 51242 959 16 with with IN 51242 959 17 the the DT 51242 959 18 phases phase NNS 51242 959 19 . . . 51242 960 1 Thus thus RB 51242 960 2 , , , 51242 960 3 three three CD 51242 960 4 - - HYPH 51242 960 5 phase phase NN 51242 960 6 current current NN 51242 960 7 requires require VBZ 51242 960 8 three three CD 51242 960 9 wires wire NNS 51242 960 10 , , , 51242 960 11 two two CD 51242 960 12 - - HYPH 51242 960 13 phase phase NN 51242 960 14 current current JJ 51242 960 15 three three CD 51242 960 16 or or CC 51242 960 17 four four CD 51242 960 18 wires wire NNS 51242 960 19 , , , 51242 960 20 and and CC 51242 960 21 single single JJ 51242 960 22 - - HYPH 51242 960 23 phase phase NN 51242 960 24 current current JJ 51242 960 25 a a DT 51242 960 26 single single JJ 51242 960 27 circuit circuit NN 51242 960 28 like like IN 51242 960 29 that that DT 51242 960 30 of of IN 51242 960 31 continuous continuous JJ 51242 960 32 current[1 current[1 NNPS 51242 960 33 ] ] -RRB- 51242 960 34 . . . 51242 961 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 961 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 961 3 : : : 51242 961 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 961 5 . . . 51242 962 1 12 12 CD 51242 962 2 . . . 51242 963 1 Photograph Photograph NNP 51242 963 2 of of IN 51242 963 3 a a DT 51242 963 4 train train NN 51242 963 5 on on IN 51242 963 6 the the DT 51242 963 7 electrified electrify VBN 51242 963 8 section section NN 51242 963 9 of of IN 51242 963 10 the the DT 51242 963 11 London London NNP 51242 963 12 , , , 51242 963 13 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 963 14 and and CC 51242 963 15 South South NNP 51242 963 16 Coast Coast NNP 51242 963 17 Railway Railway NNP 51242 963 18 . . . 51242 964 1 The the DT 51242 964 2 overhead overhead JJ 51242 964 3 wire wire NN 51242 964 4 is be VBZ 51242 964 5 suspended suspend VBN 51242 964 6 from from IN 51242 964 7 cables cable NNS 51242 964 8 stretched stretch VBN 51242 964 9 between between IN 51242 964 10 insulators insulator NNS 51242 964 11 , , , 51242 964 12 and and CC 51242 964 13 current current JJ 51242 964 14 is be VBZ 51242 964 15 conveyed convey VBN 51242 964 16 from from IN 51242 964 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 964 18 to to IN 51242 964 19 the the DT 51242 964 20 trains train NNS 51242 964 21 through through IN 51242 964 22 a a DT 51242 964 23 ' ' `` 51242 964 24 bow bow NN 51242 964 25 ' ' '' 51242 964 26 which which WDT 51242 964 27 slides slide VBZ 51242 964 28 along along IN 51242 964 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 964 30 lower low JJR 51242 964 31 side side NN 51242 964 32 . . . 51242 965 1 The the DT 51242 965 2 photograph photograph NN 51242 965 3 is be VBZ 51242 965 4 taken take VBN 51242 965 5 from from IN 51242 965 6 the the DT 51242 965 7 rear rear JJ 51242 965 8 part part NN 51242 965 9 of of IN 51242 965 10 the the DT 51242 965 11 train train NN 51242 965 12 . . . 51242 966 1 The the DT 51242 966 2 front front JJ 51242 966 3 and and CC 51242 966 4 rear rear JJ 51242 966 5 cars car NNS 51242 966 6 are be VBP 51242 966 7 both both DT 51242 966 8 equipped equip VBN 51242 966 9 with with IN 51242 966 10 electric electric JJ 51242 966 11 motors motor NNS 51242 966 12 . . . 51242 966 13 ] ] -RRB- 51242 967 1 Where where WRB 51242 967 2 current current JJ 51242 967 3 has have VBZ 51242 967 4 to to TO 51242 967 5 be be VB 51242 967 6 conveyed convey VBN 51242 967 7 economically economically RB 51242 967 8 over over IN 51242 967 9 long long JJ 51242 967 10 distances distance NNS 51242 967 11 , , , 51242 967 12 it -PRON- PRP 51242 967 13 is be VBZ 51242 967 14 generally generally RB 51242 967 15 done do VBN 51242 967 16 in in IN 51242 967 17 the the DT 51242 967 18 form form NN 51242 967 19 of of IN 51242 967 20 alternating alternate VBG 51242 967 21 current current JJ 51242 967 22 at at IN 51242 967 23 high high JJ 51242 967 24 pressure pressure NN 51242 967 25 . . . 51242 968 1 For for IN 51242 968 2 instance instance NN 51242 968 3 , , , 51242 968 4 the the DT 51242 968 5 transmission transmission NN 51242 968 6 from from IN 51242 968 7 a a DT 51242 968 8 tramway tramway JJ 51242 968 9 power power NN 51242 968 10 station station NN 51242 968 11 to to IN 51242 968 12 the the DT 51242 968 13 sub sub NN 51242 968 14 - - NNS 51242 968 15 stations station NNS 51242 968 16 is be VBZ 51242 968 17 almost almost RB 51242 968 18 uniformly uniformly JJ 51242 968 19 by by IN 51242 968 20 three three CD 51242 968 21 - - HYPH 51242 968 22 phase phase NN 51242 968 23 current current NN 51242 968 24 at at IN 51242 968 25 , , , 51242 968 26 say say UH 51242 968 27 , , , 51242 968 28 5000 5000 CD 51242 968 29 volts volt NNS 51242 968 30 . . . 51242 969 1 When when WRB 51242 969 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 969 3 reaches reach VBZ 51242 969 4 the the DT 51242 969 5 sub sub NN 51242 969 6 - - NN 51242 969 7 station station NN 51242 969 8 , , , 51242 969 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 969 10 is be VBZ 51242 969 11 ' ' `` 51242 969 12 transformed transform VBN 51242 969 13 ' ' '' 51242 969 14 down down RB 51242 969 15 to to IN 51242 969 16 the the DT 51242 969 17 working working NN 51242 969 18 pressure pressure NN 51242 969 19 of of IN 51242 969 20 500 500 CD 51242 969 21 volts volt NNS 51242 969 22 and and CC 51242 969 23 ' ' `` 51242 969 24 converted convert VBN 51242 969 25 ' ' '' 51242 969 26 from from IN 51242 969 27 alternating alternate VBG 51242 969 28 to to IN 51242 969 29 continuous continuous JJ 51242 969 30 current current NN 51242 969 31 by by IN 51242 969 32 means mean NNS 51242 969 33 of of IN 51242 969 34 rotary rotary JJ 51242 969 35 machinery machinery NN 51242 969 36 . . . 51242 970 1 The the DT 51242 970 2 transforming transforming NN 51242 970 3 is be VBZ 51242 970 4 done do VBN 51242 970 5 by by IN 51242 970 6 a a DT 51242 970 7 stationary stationary JJ 51242 970 8 piece piece NN 51242 970 9 of of IN 51242 970 10 apparatus apparatus NNP 51242 970 11 similar similar JJ 51242 970 12 in in IN 51242 970 13 principle principle NN 51242 970 14 to to IN 51242 970 15 the the DT 51242 970 16 familiar familiar JJ 51242 970 17 induction induction NN 51242 970 18 coil coil NN 51242 970 19 . . . 51242 971 1 An an DT 51242 971 2 induction induction NN 51242 971 3 coil coil NN 51242 971 4 takes take VBZ 51242 971 5 current current JJ 51242 971 6 at at IN 51242 971 7 a a DT 51242 971 8 few few JJ 51242 971 9 volts volt NNS 51242 971 10 from from IN 51242 971 11 a a DT 51242 971 12 battery battery NN 51242 971 13 into into IN 51242 971 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 971 15 primary primary JJ 51242 971 16 circuit circuit NN 51242 971 17 and and CC 51242 971 18 transforms transform VBZ 51242 971 19 it -PRON- PRP 51242 971 20 , , , 51242 971 21 by by IN 51242 971 22 induction induction NN 51242 971 23 in in IN 51242 971 24 the the DT 51242 971 25 secondary secondary JJ 51242 971 26 circuit circuit NN 51242 971 27 , , , 51242 971 28 into into IN 51242 971 29 current current NN 51242 971 30 of of IN 51242 971 31 high high JJ 51242 971 32 enough enough JJ 51242 971 33 voltage voltage NN 51242 971 34 to to TO 51242 971 35 give give VB 51242 971 36 a a DT 51242 971 37 long long JJ 51242 971 38 spark spark NN 51242 971 39 . . . 51242 972 1 A a DT 51242 972 2 transformer transformer NN 51242 972 3 can can MD 51242 972 4 be be VB 51242 972 5 designed design VBN 51242 972 6 to to IN 51242 972 7 ' ' `` 51242 972 8 step step VB 51242 972 9 - - HYPH 51242 972 10 up up NN 51242 972 11 ' ' '' 51242 972 12 or or CC 51242 972 13 ' ' `` 51242 972 14 step step NN 51242 972 15 - - HYPH 51242 972 16 down down NN 51242 972 17 ' ' '' 51242 972 18 the the DT 51242 972 19 pressure pressure NN 51242 972 20 according accord VBG 51242 972 21 to to IN 51242 972 22 the the DT 51242 972 23 requirements requirement NNS 51242 972 24 of of IN 51242 972 25 the the DT 51242 972 26 case case NN 51242 972 27 . . . 51242 973 1 So so RB 51242 973 2 much much JJ 51242 973 3 explanation explanation NN 51242 973 4 is be VBZ 51242 973 5 necessary necessary JJ 51242 973 6 to to TO 51242 973 7 give give VB 51242 973 8 some some DT 51242 973 9 account account NN 51242 973 10 of of IN 51242 973 11 the the DT 51242 973 12 alternating alternate VBG 51242 973 13 current current JJ 51242 973 14 railways railway NNS 51242 973 15 on on IN 51242 973 16 the the DT 51242 973 17 Continent Continent NNP 51242 973 18 and and CC 51242 973 19 thence thence NN 51242 973 20 of of IN 51242 973 21 the the DT 51242 973 22 single single JJ 51242 973 23 - - HYPH 51242 973 24 phase phase NN 51242 973 25 system system NN 51242 973 26 on on IN 51242 973 27 the the DT 51242 973 28 London London NNP 51242 973 29 , , , 51242 973 30 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 973 31 and and CC 51242 973 32 South South NNP 51242 973 33 Coast Coast NNP 51242 973 34 Railway Railway NNP 51242 973 35 . . . 51242 974 1 The the DT 51242 974 2 Morecambe Morecambe NNP 51242 974 3 and and CC 51242 974 4 Heysham Heysham NNP 51242 974 5 section section NN 51242 974 6 of of IN 51242 974 7 the the DT 51242 974 8 Midland Midland NNP 51242 974 9 Railway Railway NNP 51242 974 10 is be VBZ 51242 974 11 also also RB 51242 974 12 equipped equip VBN 51242 974 13 on on IN 51242 974 14 the the DT 51242 974 15 single single JJ 51242 974 16 - - HYPH 51242 974 17 phase phase NN 51242 974 18 system system NN 51242 974 19 . . . 51242 975 1 Most Most JJS 51242 975 2 of of IN 51242 975 3 the the DT 51242 975 4 earliest early JJS 51242 975 5 electric electric JJ 51242 975 6 railways railway NNS 51242 975 7 on on IN 51242 975 8 the the DT 51242 975 9 Continent Continent NNP 51242 975 10 derived derive VBD 51242 975 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 975 12 power power NN 51242 975 13 from from IN 51242 975 14 waterfalls waterfall NNS 51242 975 15 and and CC 51242 975 16 had have VBD 51242 975 17 to to TO 51242 975 18 transmit transmit VB 51242 975 19 it -PRON- PRP 51242 975 20 for for IN 51242 975 21 a a DT 51242 975 22 considerable considerable JJ 51242 975 23 distance distance NN 51242 975 24 . . . 51242 976 1 Three three CD 51242 976 2 - - HYPH 51242 976 3 phase phase NN 51242 976 4 current current NN 51242 976 5 at at IN 51242 976 6 high high JJ 51242 976 7 pressure pressure NN 51242 976 8 being be VBG 51242 976 9 adopted adopt VBN 51242 976 10 for for IN 51242 976 11 this this DT 51242 976 12 purpose purpose NN 51242 976 13 , , , 51242 976 14 the the DT 51242 976 15 Continental Continental NNP 51242 976 16 engineers engineer NNS 51242 976 17 set set VBN 51242 976 18 to to TO 51242 976 19 work work VB 51242 976 20 to to TO 51242 976 21 find find VB 51242 976 22 some some DT 51242 976 23 means mean NNS 51242 976 24 of of IN 51242 976 25 utilising utilise VBG 51242 976 26 the the DT 51242 976 27 high high JJ 51242 976 28 - - HYPH 51242 976 29 pressure pressure NN 51242 976 30 three three CD 51242 976 31 - - HYPH 51242 976 32 phase phase NN 51242 976 33 current current NN 51242 976 34 directly directly RB 51242 976 35 . . . 51242 977 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 977 2 did do VBD 51242 977 3 this this DT 51242 977 4 by by IN 51242 977 5 carrying carry VBG 51242 977 6 the the DT 51242 977 7 three three CD 51242 977 8 wires wire NNS 51242 977 9 on on IN 51242 977 10 poles pole NNS 51242 977 11 alongside alongside IN 51242 977 12 the the DT 51242 977 13 railway railway NN 51242 977 14 track track NN 51242 977 15 , , , 51242 977 16 and and CC 51242 977 17 using use VBG 51242 977 18 three three CD 51242 977 19 ' ' `` 51242 977 20 bow bow NN 51242 977 21 ' ' '' 51242 977 22 collectors collector NNS 51242 977 23 ( ( -LRB- 51242 977 24 in in IN 51242 977 25 place place NN 51242 977 26 of of IN 51242 977 27 trolley trolley NN 51242 977 28 wheels wheel NNS 51242 977 29 ) ) -RRB- 51242 977 30 to to TO 51242 977 31 convey convey VB 51242 977 32 the the DT 51242 977 33 current current NN 51242 977 34 to to IN 51242 977 35 transformers transformer NNS 51242 977 36 on on IN 51242 977 37 the the DT 51242 977 38 motor motor NN 51242 977 39 cars car NNS 51242 977 40 or or CC 51242 977 41 locomotives locomotive NNS 51242 977 42 . . . 51242 978 1 In in IN 51242 978 2 these these DT 51242 978 3 transformers transformer NNS 51242 978 4 the the DT 51242 978 5 current current NN 51242 978 6 was be VBD 51242 978 7 brought bring VBN 51242 978 8 down down RP 51242 978 9 to to IN 51242 978 10 working work VBG 51242 978 11 pressure pressure NN 51242 978 12 and and CC 51242 978 13 then then RB 51242 978 14 led lead VBD 51242 978 15 to to IN 51242 978 16 motors motor NNS 51242 978 17 designed design VBN 51242 978 18 for for IN 51242 978 19 three three CD 51242 978 20 - - HYPH 51242 978 21 phase phase NN 51242 978 22 current current NN 51242 978 23 . . . 51242 979 1 An an DT 51242 979 2 immense immense JJ 51242 979 3 amount amount NN 51242 979 4 of of IN 51242 979 5 technical technical JJ 51242 979 6 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 979 7 was be VBD 51242 979 8 exercised exercise VBN 51242 979 9 in in IN 51242 979 10 developing develop VBG 51242 979 11 this this DT 51242 979 12 system system NN 51242 979 13 ; ; : 51242 979 14 and and CC 51242 979 15 when when WRB 51242 979 16 the the DT 51242 979 17 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP 51242 979 18 Railway Railway NNP 51242 979 19 decided decide VBD 51242 979 20 to to TO 51242 979 21 follow follow VB 51242 979 22 the the DT 51242 979 23 District District NNP 51242 979 24 in in IN 51242 979 25 electrifying electrify VBG 51242 979 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 979 27 lines line NNS 51242 979 28 , , , 51242 979 29 a a DT 51242 979 30 three three CD 51242 979 31 - - HYPH 51242 979 32 phase phase NN 51242 979 33 system system NN 51242 979 34 was be VBD 51242 979 35 proposed propose VBN 51242 979 36 . . . 51242 980 1 As as IN 51242 980 2 the the DT 51242 980 3 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP 51242 980 4 and and CC 51242 980 5 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP 51242 980 6 District District NNP 51242 980 7 companies company NNS 51242 980 8 share share VBP 51242 980 9 the the DT 51242 980 10 working working NN 51242 980 11 of of IN 51242 980 12 the the DT 51242 980 13 Inner Inner NNP 51242 980 14 Circle Circle NNP 51242 980 15 , , , 51242 980 16 it -PRON- PRP 51242 980 17 was be VBD 51242 980 18 necessary necessary JJ 51242 980 19 that that IN 51242 980 20 both both DT 51242 980 21 should should MD 51242 980 22 adopt adopt VB 51242 980 23 the the DT 51242 980 24 same same JJ 51242 980 25 system system NN 51242 980 26 . . . 51242 981 1 The the DT 51242 981 2 result result NN 51242 981 3 was be VBD 51242 981 4 that that IN 51242 981 5 the the DT 51242 981 6 question question NN 51242 981 7 between between IN 51242 981 8 three three CD 51242 981 9 - - HYPH 51242 981 10 phase phase NN 51242 981 11 and and CC 51242 981 12 continuous continuous JJ 51242 981 13 current current NN 51242 981 14 working working NN 51242 981 15 had have VBD 51242 981 16 to to TO 51242 981 17 go go VB 51242 981 18 to to IN 51242 981 19 arbitration arbitration NN 51242 981 20 . . . 51242 982 1 After after IN 51242 982 2 a a DT 51242 982 3 long long JJ 51242 982 4 discussion discussion NN 51242 982 5 of of IN 51242 982 6 masses masse NNS 51242 982 7 of of IN 51242 982 8 technical technical JJ 51242 982 9 evidence evidence NN 51242 982 10 , , , 51242 982 11 Mr Mr NNP 51242 982 12 Lyttelton Lyttelton NNP 51242 982 13 , , , 51242 982 14 the the DT 51242 982 15 arbitrator arbitrator NN 51242 982 16 , , , 51242 982 17 decided decide VBD 51242 982 18 that that IN 51242 982 19 the the DT 51242 982 20 direct direct JJ 51242 982 21 current current JJ 51242 982 22 system system NN 51242 982 23 was be VBD 51242 982 24 better well RBR 51242 982 25 suited suited JJ 51242 982 26 to to IN 51242 982 27 the the DT 51242 982 28 conditions condition NNS 51242 982 29 of of IN 51242 982 30 traffic traffic NN 51242 982 31 on on IN 51242 982 32 an an DT 51242 982 33 underground underground JJ 51242 982 34 railway railway NN 51242 982 35 in in IN 51242 982 36 London London NNP 51242 982 37 . . . 51242 983 1 The the DT 51242 983 2 wisdom wisdom NN 51242 983 3 of of IN 51242 983 4 that that DT 51242 983 5 decision decision NN 51242 983 6 will will MD 51242 983 7 not not RB 51242 983 8 be be VB 51242 983 9 questioned question VBN 51242 983 10 now now RB 51242 983 11 . . . 51242 984 1 Three three CD 51242 984 2 - - HYPH 51242 984 3 phase phase NN 51242 984 4 motors motor NNS 51242 984 5 do do VBP 51242 984 6 not not RB 51242 984 7 give give VB 51242 984 8 the the DT 51242 984 9 rapid rapid JJ 51242 984 10 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 984 11 which which WDT 51242 984 12 is be VBZ 51242 984 13 so so RB 51242 984 14 urgently urgently RB 51242 984 15 required require VBN 51242 984 16 on on IN 51242 984 17 suburban suburban JJ 51242 984 18 lines line NNS 51242 984 19 ; ; : 51242 984 20 there there EX 51242 984 21 are be VBP 51242 984 22 complications complication NNS 51242 984 23 in in IN 51242 984 24 speed speed NN 51242 984 25 control control NN 51242 984 26 ; ; : 51242 984 27 and and CC 51242 984 28 the the DT 51242 984 29 necessity necessity NN 51242 984 30 of of IN 51242 984 31 having have VBG 51242 984 32 three three CD 51242 984 33 overhead overhead JJ 51242 984 34 conductors conductor NNS 51242 984 35 is be VBZ 51242 984 36 also also RB 51242 984 37 a a DT 51242 984 38 serious serious JJ 51242 984 39 drawback drawback NN 51242 984 40 . . . 51242 985 1 For for IN 51242 985 2 comparatively comparatively JJ 51242 985 3 long long JJ 51242 985 4 - - HYPH 51242 985 5 distance distance NN 51242 985 6 traffic traffic NN 51242 985 7 with with IN 51242 985 8 few few JJ 51242 985 9 stops stop NNS 51242 985 10 , , , 51242 985 11 however however RB 51242 985 12 , , , 51242 985 13 the the DT 51242 985 14 three three CD 51242 985 15 - - HYPH 51242 985 16 phase phase NN 51242 985 17 system system NN 51242 985 18 is be VBZ 51242 985 19 quite quite RB 51242 985 20 suitable suitable JJ 51242 985 21 . . . 51242 986 1 That that DT 51242 986 2 is be VBZ 51242 986 3 to to TO 51242 986 4 say say VB 51242 986 5 , , , 51242 986 6 it -PRON- PRP 51242 986 7 is be VBZ 51242 986 8 a a DT 51242 986 9 possible possible JJ 51242 986 10 solution solution NN 51242 986 11 of of IN 51242 986 12 the the DT 51242 986 13 main main JJ 51242 986 14 line line NN 51242 986 15 problem problem NN 51242 986 16 . . . 51242 987 1 The the DT 51242 987 2 great great JJ 51242 987 3 simplicity simplicity NN 51242 987 4 and and CC 51242 987 5 flexibility flexibility NN 51242 987 6 of of IN 51242 987 7 the the DT 51242 987 8 power power NN 51242 987 9 supply supply NN 51242 987 10 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 987 11 in in IN 51242 987 12 the the DT 51242 987 13 case case NN 51242 987 14 of of IN 51242 987 15 alternating alternate VBG 51242 987 16 current current JJ 51242 987 17 traction traction NN 51242 987 18 encouraged encourage VBD 51242 987 19 engineers engineer NNS 51242 987 20 to to TO 51242 987 21 find find VB 51242 987 22 something something NN 51242 987 23 better well RBR 51242 987 24 adapted adapt VBN 51242 987 25 to to IN 51242 987 26 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 987 27 railway railway NN 51242 987 28 conditions condition NNS 51242 987 29 than than IN 51242 987 30 the the DT 51242 987 31 three three CD 51242 987 32 - - HYPH 51242 987 33 phase phase NN 51242 987 34 motor motor NN 51242 987 35 . . . 51242 988 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 988 2 problem problem NN 51242 988 3 was be VBD 51242 988 4 to to TO 51242 988 5 find find VB 51242 988 6 an an DT 51242 988 7 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 988 8 which which WDT 51242 988 9 required require VBD 51242 988 10 one one CD 51242 988 11 overhead overhead JJ 51242 988 12 conductor conductor NN 51242 988 13 instead instead RB 51242 988 14 of of IN 51242 988 15 three three CD 51242 988 16 , , , 51242 988 17 and and CC 51242 988 18 also also RB 51242 988 19 provided provide VBD 51242 988 20 a a DT 51242 988 21 motor motor NN 51242 988 22 with with IN 51242 988 23 the the DT 51242 988 24 high high JJ 51242 988 25 starting start VBG 51242 988 26 torque torque NN 51242 988 27 and and CC 51242 988 28 easy easy JJ 51242 988 29 speed speed NN 51242 988 30 control control NN 51242 988 31 of of IN 51242 988 32 the the DT 51242 988 33 continuous continuous JJ 51242 988 34 - - HYPH 51242 988 35 current current JJ 51242 988 36 motor motor NN 51242 988 37 . . . 51242 989 1 After after IN 51242 989 2 much much JJ 51242 989 3 theoretical theoretical JJ 51242 989 4 and and CC 51242 989 5 experimental experimental JJ 51242 989 6 work work NN 51242 989 7 , , , 51242 989 8 they -PRON- PRP 51242 989 9 found find VBD 51242 989 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 989 11 in in IN 51242 989 12 the the DT 51242 989 13 single single JJ 51242 989 14 - - HYPH 51242 989 15 phase phase NN 51242 989 16 system system NN 51242 989 17 , , , 51242 989 18 using use VBG 51242 989 19 a a DT 51242 989 20 motor motor NN 51242 989 21 which which WDT 51242 989 22 is be VBZ 51242 989 23 similar similar JJ 51242 989 24 in in IN 51242 989 25 many many JJ 51242 989 26 respects respect NNS 51242 989 27 to to IN 51242 989 28 the the DT 51242 989 29 continuous continuous JJ 51242 989 30 - - HYPH 51242 989 31 current current JJ 51242 989 32 motor motor NN 51242 989 33 but but CC 51242 989 34 capable capable JJ 51242 989 35 of of IN 51242 989 36 being be VBG 51242 989 37 operated operate VBN 51242 989 38 by by IN 51242 989 39 alternating alternate VBG 51242 989 40 current current NN 51242 989 41 . . . 51242 990 1 On on IN 51242 990 2 the the DT 51242 990 3 advice advice NN 51242 990 4 of of IN 51242 990 5 Mr Mr NNP 51242 990 6 Philip Philip NNP 51242 990 7 Dawson Dawson NNP 51242 990 8 , , , 51242 990 9 the the DT 51242 990 10 London London NNP 51242 990 11 , , , 51242 990 12 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 990 13 and and CC 51242 990 14 South South NNP 51242 990 15 Coast Coast NNP 51242 990 16 Railway Railway NNP 51242 990 17 Company Company NNP 51242 990 18 decided decide VBD 51242 990 19 to to TO 51242 990 20 experiment experiment VB 51242 990 21 with with IN 51242 990 22 this this DT 51242 990 23 system system NN 51242 990 24 on on IN 51242 990 25 the the DT 51242 990 26 double double JJ 51242 990 27 line line NN 51242 990 28 connecting connect VBG 51242 990 29 London London NNP 51242 990 30 Bridge Bridge NNP 51242 990 31 and and CC 51242 990 32 Victoria Victoria NNP 51242 990 33 stations station NNS 51242 990 34 , , , 51242 990 35 about about RB 51242 990 36 9 9 CD 51242 990 37 miles mile NNS 51242 990 38 long long JJ 51242 990 39 . . . 51242 991 1 Power power NN 51242 991 2 is be VBZ 51242 991 3 supplied supply VBN 51242 991 4 to to IN 51242 991 5 each each DT 51242 991 6 track track NN 51242 991 7 by by IN 51242 991 8 a a DT 51242 991 9 single single JJ 51242 991 10 overhead overhead JJ 51242 991 11 conductor conductor NN 51242 991 12 carrying carry VBG 51242 991 13 current current NN 51242 991 14 at at IN 51242 991 15 6000 6000 CD 51242 991 16 volts volt NNS 51242 991 17 . . . 51242 992 1 Transformers transformer NNS 51242 992 2 are be VBP 51242 992 3 placed place VBN 51242 992 4 on on IN 51242 992 5 the the DT 51242 992 6 trains train NNS 51242 992 7 to to TO 51242 992 8 bring bring VB 51242 992 9 the the DT 51242 992 10 pressure pressure NN 51242 992 11 down down RB 51242 992 12 to to IN 51242 992 13 300 300 CD 51242 992 14 volts volt NNS 51242 992 15 ; ; : 51242 992 16 the the DT 51242 992 17 current current NN 51242 992 18 is be VBZ 51242 992 19 then then RB 51242 992 20 led lead VBN 51242 992 21 through through IN 51242 992 22 controllers controller NNS 51242 992 23 to to IN 51242 992 24 single single JJ 51242 992 25 - - HYPH 51242 992 26 phase phase NN 51242 992 27 motors motor NNS 51242 992 28 in in IN 51242 992 29 much much JJ 51242 992 30 the the DT 51242 992 31 usual usual JJ 51242 992 32 way way NN 51242 992 33 . . . 51242 993 1 The the DT 51242 993 2 reason reason NN 51242 993 3 for for IN 51242 993 4 using use VBG 51242 993 5 so so RB 51242 993 6 high high JJ 51242 993 7 a a DT 51242 993 8 pressure pressure NN 51242 993 9 on on IN 51242 993 10 the the DT 51242 993 11 overhead overhead JJ 51242 993 12 line line NN 51242 993 13 is be VBZ 51242 993 14 not not RB 51242 993 15 only only RB 51242 993 16 economy economy NN 51242 993 17 in in IN 51242 993 18 transmission transmission NN 51242 993 19 . . . 51242 994 1 If if IN 51242 994 2 lower low JJR 51242 994 3 pressures pressure NNS 51242 994 4 were be VBD 51242 994 5 used use VBN 51242 994 6 , , , 51242 994 7 the the DT 51242 994 8 heavy heavy JJ 51242 994 9 currents current NNS 51242 994 10 required require VBN 51242 994 11 for for IN 51242 994 12 train train NN 51242 994 13 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 994 14 would would MD 51242 994 15 require require VB 51242 994 16 a a DT 51242 994 17 thicker thick JJR 51242 994 18 conductor conductor NN 51242 994 19 and and CC 51242 994 20 correspondingly correspondingly RB 51242 994 21 heavier heavy JJR 51242 994 22 supports support NNS 51242 994 23 . . . 51242 995 1 At at IN 51242 995 2 6000 6000 CD 51242 995 3 volts volt NNS 51242 995 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 995 5 is be VBZ 51242 995 6 possible possible JJ 51242 995 7 for for IN 51242 995 8 two two CD 51242 995 9 double double JJ 51242 995 10 sliding sliding JJ 51242 995 11 bows bow NNS 51242 995 12 to to TO 51242 995 13 collect collect VB 51242 995 14 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 995 15 current current NN 51242 995 16 for for IN 51242 995 17 a a DT 51242 995 18 heavy heavy JJ 51242 995 19 train train NN 51242 995 20 from from IN 51242 995 21 a a DT 51242 995 22 wire wire NN 51242 995 23 which which WDT 51242 995 24 is be VBZ 51242 995 25 comparable comparable JJ 51242 995 26 in in IN 51242 995 27 thickness thickness NN 51242 995 28 to to IN 51242 995 29 the the DT 51242 995 30 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 995 31 trolley trolley NN 51242 995 32 wire wire NN 51242 995 33 of of IN 51242 995 34 a a DT 51242 995 35 tramway tramway NN 51242 995 36 . . . 51242 996 1 The the DT 51242 996 2 power power NN 51242 996 3 distribution distribution NN 51242 996 4 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 996 5 , , , 51242 996 6 it -PRON- PRP 51242 996 7 will will MD 51242 996 8 be be VB 51242 996 9 noticed notice VBN 51242 996 10 , , , 51242 996 11 are be VBP 51242 996 12 very very RB 51242 996 13 much much RB 51242 996 14 simpler simple JJR 51242 996 15 than than IN 51242 996 16 with with IN 51242 996 17 continuous continuous JJ 51242 996 18 current current NN 51242 996 19 on on IN 51242 996 20 the the DT 51242 996 21 third third JJ 51242 996 22 - - HYPH 51242 996 23 rail rail NN 51242 996 24 system system NN 51242 996 25 . . . 51242 997 1 There there EX 51242 997 2 are be VBP 51242 997 3 no no DT 51242 997 4 sub sub NN 51242 997 5 - - NNS 51242 997 6 stations station NNS 51242 997 7 with with IN 51242 997 8 rotary rotary JJ 51242 997 9 machinery machinery NN 51242 997 10 . . . 51242 998 1 Power power NN 51242 998 2 is be VBZ 51242 998 3 supplied supply VBN 51242 998 4 direct direct RB 51242 998 5 from from IN 51242 998 6 the the DT 51242 998 7 generating generate VBG 51242 998 8 station station NN 51242 998 9 to to IN 51242 998 10 the the DT 51242 998 11 overhead overhead JJ 51242 998 12 line line NN 51242 998 13 and and CC 51242 998 14 is be VBZ 51242 998 15 transformed transform VBN 51242 998 16 down down RB 51242 998 17 by by IN 51242 998 18 stationary stationary JJ 51242 998 19 plant plant NN 51242 998 20 on on IN 51242 998 21 the the DT 51242 998 22 train train NN 51242 998 23 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 998 24 . . . 51242 999 1 Single single JJ 51242 999 2 - - HYPH 51242 999 3 phase phase NN 51242 999 4 traction traction NN 51242 999 5 represents represent VBZ 51242 999 6 , , , 51242 999 7 in in IN 51242 999 8 fact fact NN 51242 999 9 , , , 51242 999 10 power power NN 51242 999 11 transmission transmission NN 51242 999 12 for for IN 51242 999 13 railway railway NN 51242 999 14 purposes purpose NNS 51242 999 15 reduced reduce VBN 51242 999 16 to to IN 51242 999 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 999 18 simplest simple JJS 51242 999 19 elements element NNS 51242 999 20 . . . 51242 1000 1 The the DT 51242 1000 2 overhead overhead JJ 51242 1000 3 construction construction NN 51242 1000 4 differs differ NNS 51242 1000 5 , , , 51242 1000 6 however however RB 51242 1000 7 , , , 51242 1000 8 in in IN 51242 1000 9 some some DT 51242 1000 10 important important JJ 51242 1000 11 points point NNS 51242 1000 12 from from IN 51242 1000 13 the the DT 51242 1000 14 tramway tramway JJ 51242 1000 15 standard standard NN 51242 1000 16 . . . 51242 1001 1 The the DT 51242 1001 2 supports support NNS 51242 1001 3 , , , 51242 1001 4 which which WDT 51242 1001 5 are be VBP 51242 1001 6 in in IN 51242 1001 7 both both DT 51242 1001 8 bridge bridge NN 51242 1001 9 and and CC 51242 1001 10 bracket bracket NN 51242 1001 11 form form NN 51242 1001 12 , , , 51242 1001 13 are be VBP 51242 1001 14 stronger strong JJR 51242 1001 15 ; ; : 51242 1001 16 the the DT 51242 1001 17 insulators insulator NNS 51242 1001 18 are be VBP 51242 1001 19 , , , 51242 1001 20 owing owe VBG 51242 1001 21 to to IN 51242 1001 22 the the DT 51242 1001 23 much much RB 51242 1001 24 higher high JJR 51242 1001 25 pressure pressure NN 51242 1001 26 employed employ VBN 51242 1001 27 , , , 51242 1001 28 more more RBR 51242 1001 29 massive massive JJ 51242 1001 30 ; ; : 51242 1001 31 and and CC 51242 1001 32 a a DT 51242 1001 33 different different JJ 51242 1001 34 means mean NNS 51242 1001 35 of of IN 51242 1001 36 suspension suspension NN 51242 1001 37 has have VBZ 51242 1001 38 been be VBN 51242 1001 39 adopted adopt VBN 51242 1001 40 . . . 51242 1002 1 Each each DT 51242 1002 2 conductor conductor NN 51242 1002 3 is be VBZ 51242 1002 4 hung hang VBN 51242 1002 5 by by IN 51242 1002 6 links link NNS 51242 1002 7 from from IN 51242 1002 8 two two CD 51242 1002 9 steel steel NN 51242 1002 10 cables cable NNS 51242 1002 11 stretched stretch VBD 51242 1002 12 chain chain NN 51242 1002 13 - - HYPH 51242 1002 14 wise wise JJ 51242 1002 15 between between IN 51242 1002 16 the the DT 51242 1002 17 supports support NNS 51242 1002 18 . . . 51242 1003 1 This this DT 51242 1003 2 method method NN 51242 1003 3 of of IN 51242 1003 4 ' ' `` 51242 1003 5 catenary catenary JJ 51242 1003 6 suspension suspension NN 51242 1003 7 ' ' '' 51242 1003 8 enables enable VBZ 51242 1003 9 the the DT 51242 1003 10 bow bow NN 51242 1003 11 to to TO 51242 1003 12 slide slide VB 51242 1003 13 along along IN 51242 1003 14 the the DT 51242 1003 15 wire wire NN 51242 1003 16 without without IN 51242 1003 17 the the DT 51242 1003 18 jolts jolt NNS 51242 1003 19 which which WDT 51242 1003 20 are be VBP 51242 1003 21 noticeable noticeable JJ 51242 1003 22 with with IN 51242 1003 23 a a DT 51242 1003 24 tramway tramway JJ 51242 1003 25 trolley trolley NN 51242 1003 26 . . . 51242 1004 1 Such such JJ 51242 1004 2 smooth smooth JJ 51242 1004 3 running running NN 51242 1004 4 keeps keep VBZ 51242 1004 5 the the DT 51242 1004 6 bow bow NN 51242 1004 7 continuously continuously RB 51242 1004 8 at at IN 51242 1004 9 an an DT 51242 1004 10 even even JJ 51242 1004 11 pressure pressure NN 51242 1004 12 on on IN 51242 1004 13 the the DT 51242 1004 14 wire wire NN 51242 1004 15 -- -- : 51242 1004 16 an an DT 51242 1004 17 advantage advantage NN 51242 1004 18 which which WDT 51242 1004 19 is be VBZ 51242 1004 20 of of IN 51242 1004 21 great great JJ 51242 1004 22 importance importance NN 51242 1004 23 at at IN 51242 1004 24 high high JJ 51242 1004 25 speeds speed NNS 51242 1004 26 . . . 51242 1005 1 The the DT 51242 1005 2 trains train NNS 51242 1005 3 are be VBP 51242 1005 4 arranged arrange VBN 51242 1005 5 on on IN 51242 1005 6 the the DT 51242 1005 7 multiple multiple JJ 51242 1005 8 - - HYPH 51242 1005 9 unit unit NN 51242 1005 10 system system NN 51242 1005 11 . . . 51242 1006 1 The the DT 51242 1006 2 full full JJ 51242 1006 3 financial financial JJ 51242 1006 4 results result NNS 51242 1006 5 obtained obtain VBN 51242 1006 6 on on IN 51242 1006 7 this this DT 51242 1006 8 railway railway NN 51242 1006 9 have have VBP 51242 1006 10 not not RB 51242 1006 11 so so RB 51242 1006 12 far far RB 51242 1006 13 been be VBN 51242 1006 14 made make VBN 51242 1006 15 public public JJ 51242 1006 16 ; ; : 51242 1006 17 but but CC 51242 1006 18 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1006 19 is be VBZ 51242 1006 20 sufficient sufficient JJ 51242 1006 21 for for IN 51242 1006 22 our -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1006 23 purpose purpose NN 51242 1006 24 to to TO 51242 1006 25 note note VB 51242 1006 26 that that IN 51242 1006 27 the the DT 51242 1006 28 Company Company NNP 51242 1006 29 , , , 51242 1006 30 after after IN 51242 1006 31 more more JJR 51242 1006 32 than than IN 51242 1006 33 a a DT 51242 1006 34 year year NN 51242 1006 35 's 's POS 51242 1006 36 full full JJ 51242 1006 37 trial trial NN 51242 1006 38 , , , 51242 1006 39 extended extend VBD 51242 1006 40 the the DT 51242 1006 41 system system NN 51242 1006 42 to to IN 51242 1006 43 the the DT 51242 1006 44 Crystal Crystal NNP 51242 1006 45 Palace Palace NNP 51242 1006 46 and and CC 51242 1006 47 to to IN 51242 1006 48 Croydon Croydon NNP 51242 1006 49 . . . 51242 1007 1 Further further JJ 51242 1007 2 extensions extension NNS 51242 1007 3 are be VBP 51242 1007 4 , , , 51242 1007 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1007 6 is be VBZ 51242 1007 7 understood understand VBN 51242 1007 8 , , , 51242 1007 9 contemplated contemplate VBN 51242 1007 10 over over IN 51242 1007 11 the the DT 51242 1007 12 suburban suburban JJ 51242 1007 13 lines line NNS 51242 1007 14 to to IN 51242 1007 15 Sutton Sutton NNP 51242 1007 16 and and CC 51242 1007 17 elsewhere elsewhere RB 51242 1007 18 ; ; : 51242 1007 19 and and CC 51242 1007 20 in in IN 51242 1007 21 course course NN 51242 1007 22 of of IN 51242 1007 23 time time NN 51242 1007 24 the the DT 51242 1007 25 conversion conversion NN 51242 1007 26 of of IN 51242 1007 27 the the DT 51242 1007 28 main main JJ 51242 1007 29 line line NN 51242 1007 30 to to IN 51242 1007 31 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 1007 32 will will MD 51242 1007 33 be be VB 51242 1007 34 undertaken undertake VBN 51242 1007 35 . . . 51242 1008 1 Here here RB 51242 1008 2 we -PRON- PRP 51242 1008 3 touch touch VBP 51242 1008 4 upon upon IN 51242 1008 5 the the DT 51242 1008 6 most most RBS 51242 1008 7 interesting interesting JJ 51242 1008 8 aspect aspect NN 51242 1008 9 of of IN 51242 1008 10 this this DT 51242 1008 11 demonstration demonstration NN 51242 1008 12 of of IN 51242 1008 13 electric electric JJ 51242 1008 14 traction traction NN 51242 1008 15 on on IN 51242 1008 16 the the DT 51242 1008 17 single single JJ 51242 1008 18 - - HYPH 51242 1008 19 phase phase NN 51242 1008 20 system system NN 51242 1008 21 . . . 51242 1009 1 The the DT 51242 1009 2 system system NN 51242 1009 3 was be VBD 51242 1009 4 adopted adopt VBN 51242 1009 5 in in IN 51242 1009 6 the the DT 51242 1009 7 first first JJ 51242 1009 8 instance instance NN 51242 1009 9 because because IN 51242 1009 10 the the DT 51242 1009 11 third third JJ 51242 1009 12 - - HYPH 51242 1009 13 rail rail NN 51242 1009 14 system system NN 51242 1009 15 would would MD 51242 1009 16 lead lead VB 51242 1009 17 to to IN 51242 1009 18 complications complication NNS 51242 1009 19 and and CC 51242 1009 20 dangers danger NNS 51242 1009 21 which which WDT 51242 1009 22 could could MD 51242 1009 23 not not RB 51242 1009 24 be be VB 51242 1009 25 permitted permit VBN 51242 1009 26 at at IN 51242 1009 27 crowded crowded JJ 51242 1009 28 railway railway NN 51242 1009 29 termini termini NN 51242 1009 30 shared share VBN 51242 1009 31 by by IN 51242 1009 32 all all DT 51242 1009 33 kinds kind NNS 51242 1009 34 of of IN 51242 1009 35 traffic traffic NN 51242 1009 36 , , , 51242 1009 37 suburban suburban JJ 51242 1009 38 and and CC 51242 1009 39 main main JJ 51242 1009 40 line line NN 51242 1009 41 . . . 51242 1010 1 But but CC 51242 1010 2 the the DT 51242 1010 3 advisers adviser NNS 51242 1010 4 of of IN 51242 1010 5 the the DT 51242 1010 6 Company Company NNP 51242 1010 7 had have VBD 51242 1010 8 also also RB 51242 1010 9 in in IN 51242 1010 10 view view NN 51242 1010 11 the the DT 51242 1010 12 possibility possibility NN 51242 1010 13 of of IN 51242 1010 14 development development NN 51242 1010 15 beyond beyond IN 51242 1010 16 the the DT 51242 1010 17 range range NN 51242 1010 18 of of IN 51242 1010 19 suburban suburban JJ 51242 1010 20 traffic traffic NN 51242 1010 21 . . . 51242 1011 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 1011 2 therefore therefore RB 51242 1011 3 sought seek VBD 51242 1011 4 a a DT 51242 1011 5 system system NN 51242 1011 6 which which WDT 51242 1011 7 , , , 51242 1011 8 while while IN 51242 1011 9 comparable comparable JJ 51242 1011 10 to to IN 51242 1011 11 the the DT 51242 1011 12 third third JJ 51242 1011 13 - - HYPH 51242 1011 14 rail rail NN 51242 1011 15 continuous continuous JJ 51242 1011 16 current current NN 51242 1011 17 in in IN 51242 1011 18 the the DT 51242 1011 19 handling handling NN 51242 1011 20 of of IN 51242 1011 21 suburban suburban JJ 51242 1011 22 business business NN 51242 1011 23 , , , 51242 1011 24 would would MD 51242 1011 25 be be VB 51242 1011 26 adaptable adaptable JJ 51242 1011 27 to to IN 51242 1011 28 main main JJ 51242 1011 29 line line NN 51242 1011 30 conditions condition NNS 51242 1011 31 , , , 51242 1011 32 where where WRB 51242 1011 33 infrequent infrequent NN 51242 1011 34 stops stop VBZ 51242 1011 35 and and CC 51242 1011 36 long long JJ 51242 1011 37 runs run NNS 51242 1011 38 at at IN 51242 1011 39 high high JJ 51242 1011 40 speeds speed NNS 51242 1011 41 are be VBP 51242 1011 42 the the DT 51242 1011 43 rule rule NN 51242 1011 44 . . . 51242 1012 1 The the DT 51242 1012 2 adoption adoption NN 51242 1012 3 of of IN 51242 1012 4 electric electric JJ 51242 1012 5 traction traction NN 51242 1012 6 on on IN 51242 1012 7 such such PDT 51242 1012 8 a a DT 51242 1012 9 route route NN 51242 1012 10 as as IN 51242 1012 11 the the DT 51242 1012 12 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 1012 13 main main JJ 51242 1012 14 line line NN 51242 1012 15 would would MD 51242 1012 16 be be VB 51242 1012 17 a a DT 51242 1012 18 benefit benefit NN 51242 1012 19 in in IN 51242 1012 20 several several JJ 51242 1012 21 ways way NNS 51242 1012 22 . . . 51242 1013 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1013 2 would would MD 51242 1013 3 lead lead VB 51242 1013 4 to to IN 51242 1013 5 a a DT 51242 1013 6 faster fast RBR 51242 1013 7 express express JJ 51242 1013 8 service service NN 51242 1013 9 , , , 51242 1013 10 as as IN 51242 1013 11 the the DT 51242 1013 12 high high JJ 51242 1013 13 overload overload NN 51242 1013 14 capacity capacity NN 51242 1013 15 of of IN 51242 1013 16 the the DT 51242 1013 17 electric electric JJ 51242 1013 18 motor motor NN 51242 1013 19 enables enable VBZ 51242 1013 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1013 21 to to TO 51242 1013 22 take take VB 51242 1013 23 small small JJ 51242 1013 24 account account NN 51242 1013 25 of of IN 51242 1013 26 gradients gradient NNS 51242 1013 27 . . . 51242 1014 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1014 2 would would MD 51242 1014 3 also also RB 51242 1014 4 lead lead VB 51242 1014 5 to to IN 51242 1014 6 a a DT 51242 1014 7 more more RBR 51242 1014 8 frequent frequent JJ 51242 1014 9 service service NN 51242 1014 10 , , , 51242 1014 11 as as IN 51242 1014 12 the the DT 51242 1014 13 electric electric JJ 51242 1014 14 system system NN 51242 1014 15 is be VBZ 51242 1014 16 free free JJ 51242 1014 17 from from IN 51242 1014 18 the the DT 51242 1014 19 conditions condition NNS 51242 1014 20 which which WDT 51242 1014 21 force force VBP 51242 1014 22 a a DT 51242 1014 23 steam steam NN 51242 1014 24 railway railway NN 51242 1014 25 to to TO 51242 1014 26 try try VB 51242 1014 27 to to TO 51242 1014 28 concentrate concentrate VB 51242 1014 29 traffic traffic NN 51242 1014 30 on on IN 51242 1014 31 a a DT 51242 1014 32 limited limited JJ 51242 1014 33 number number NN 51242 1014 34 of of IN 51242 1014 35 long long JJ 51242 1014 36 trains train NNS 51242 1014 37 . . . 51242 1015 1 Further further RB 51242 1015 2 , , , 51242 1015 3 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1015 4 would would MD 51242 1015 5 , , , 51242 1015 6 by by IN 51242 1015 7 reducing reduce VBG 51242 1015 8 the the DT 51242 1015 9 time time NN 51242 1015 10 lost lose VBN 51242 1015 11 in in IN 51242 1015 12 stopping stop VBG 51242 1015 13 and and CC 51242 1015 14 starting start VBG 51242 1015 15 , , , 51242 1015 16 bring bring VB 51242 1015 17 the the DT 51242 1015 18 average average JJ 51242 1015 19 speed speed NN 51242 1015 20 of of IN 51242 1015 21 stopping stop VBG 51242 1015 22 trains train NNS 51242 1015 23 much much RB 51242 1015 24 closer close RBR 51242 1015 25 to to IN 51242 1015 26 that that DT 51242 1015 27 of of IN 51242 1015 28 express express JJ 51242 1015 29 trains train NNS 51242 1015 30 . . . 51242 1016 1 All all PDT 51242 1016 2 these these DT 51242 1016 3 improvements improvement NNS 51242 1016 4 -- -- : 51242 1016 5 assisted assist VBN 51242 1016 6 , , , 51242 1016 7 probably probably RB 51242 1016 8 , , , 51242 1016 9 by by IN 51242 1016 10 lower low JJR 51242 1016 11 fares fare NNS 51242 1016 12 -- -- : 51242 1016 13 should should MD 51242 1016 14 lead lead VB 51242 1016 15 to to IN 51242 1016 16 a a DT 51242 1016 17 great great JJ 51242 1016 18 increase increase NN 51242 1016 19 in in IN 51242 1016 20 the the DT 51242 1016 21 volume volume NN 51242 1016 22 of of IN 51242 1016 23 traffic traffic NN 51242 1016 24 , , , 51242 1016 25 thus thus RB 51242 1016 26 reproducing reproduce VBG 51242 1016 27 the the DT 51242 1016 28 characteristic characteristic JJ 51242 1016 29 results result NNS 51242 1016 30 of of IN 51242 1016 31 electric electric JJ 51242 1016 32 traction traction NN 51242 1016 33 on on IN 51242 1016 34 suburban suburban JJ 51242 1016 35 lines line NNS 51242 1016 36 . . . 51242 1017 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 1017 2 Footnote footnote NN 51242 1017 3 1 1 CD 51242 1017 4 : : : 51242 1017 5 An an DT 51242 1017 6 admirable admirable JJ 51242 1017 7 explanation explanation NN 51242 1017 8 of of IN 51242 1017 9 alternating alternate VBG 51242 1017 10 currents current NNS 51242 1017 11 will will MD 51242 1017 12 be be VB 51242 1017 13 found find VBN 51242 1017 14 in in IN 51242 1017 15 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1017 16 Frank Frank NNP 51242 1017 17 Broadbent Broadbent NNP 51242 1017 18 's 's POS 51242 1017 19 _ _ NNP 51242 1017 20 Chats Chats NNPS 51242 1017 21 on on IN 51242 1017 22 Electricity Electricity NNP 51242 1017 23 _ _ NNP 51242 1017 24 . . . 51242 1018 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1018 2 Werner Werner NNP 51242 1018 3 Laurie Laurie NNP 51242 1018 4 , , , 51242 1018 5 1910 1910 CD 51242 1018 6 . . . 51242 1018 7 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1018 8 ] ] -RRB- 51242 1019 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 1019 2 XV XV NNP 51242 1019 3 CURIOSITIES curiosity NNS 51242 1019 4 OF of IN 51242 1019 5 ELECTRIC electric NN 51242 1019 6 TRACTION TRACTION NNP 51242 1019 7 Like like IN 51242 1019 8 many many JJ 51242 1019 9 other other JJ 51242 1019 10 industries industry NNS 51242 1019 11 , , , 51242 1019 12 electric electric JJ 51242 1019 13 traction traction NN 51242 1019 14 has have VBZ 51242 1019 15 had have VBN 51242 1019 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1019 17 history history NN 51242 1019 18 brightened brighten VBN 51242 1019 19 and and CC 51242 1019 20 made make VBD 51242 1019 21 picturesque picturesque NN 51242 1019 22 by by IN 51242 1019 23 curiosities curiosity NNS 51242 1019 24 of of IN 51242 1019 25 invention invention NN 51242 1019 26 . . . 51242 1020 1 Locomotion locomotion NN 51242 1020 2 has have VBZ 51242 1020 3 , , , 51242 1020 4 in in IN 51242 1020 5 fact fact NN 51242 1020 6 , , , 51242 1020 7 been be VBN 51242 1020 8 a a DT 51242 1020 9 favourite favourite JJ 51242 1020 10 field field NN 51242 1020 11 for for IN 51242 1020 12 the the DT 51242 1020 13 freak freak NN 51242 1020 14 inventor inventor NN 51242 1020 15 ; ; : 51242 1020 16 and and CC 51242 1020 17 some some DT 51242 1020 18 of of IN 51242 1020 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1020 20 efforts effort NNS 51242 1020 21 with with IN 51242 1020 22 electric electric JJ 51242 1020 23 cars car NNS 51242 1020 24 have have VBP 51242 1020 25 been be VBN 51242 1020 26 as as RB 51242 1020 27 weird weird JJ 51242 1020 28 and and CC 51242 1020 29 as as RB 51242 1020 30 fatuous fatuous JJ 51242 1020 31 as as IN 51242 1020 32 the the DT 51242 1020 33 most most RBS 51242 1020 34 remarkable remarkable JJ 51242 1020 35 of of IN 51242 1020 36 perpetual perpetual JJ 51242 1020 37 motion motion NN 51242 1020 38 devices device NNS 51242 1020 39 . . . 51242 1021 1 One one CD 51242 1021 2 of of IN 51242 1021 3 these these DT 51242 1021 4 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1021 5 monstrosities monstrosity NNS 51242 1021 6 was be VBD 51242 1021 7 , , , 51242 1021 8 indeed indeed RB 51242 1021 9 , , , 51242 1021 10 a a DT 51242 1021 11 kind kind NN 51242 1021 12 of of IN 51242 1021 13 perpetual perpetual JJ 51242 1021 14 motion motion NN 51242 1021 15 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 1021 16 . . . 51242 1022 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1022 2 was be VBD 51242 1022 3 invented invent VBN 51242 1022 4 about about IN 51242 1022 5 the the DT 51242 1022 6 year year NN 51242 1022 7 1890 1890 CD 51242 1022 8 and and CC 51242 1022 9 consisted consist VBD 51242 1022 10 of of IN 51242 1022 11 a a DT 51242 1022 12 car car NN 51242 1022 13 equipped equip VBN 51242 1022 14 with with IN 51242 1022 15 accumulators accumulator NNS 51242 1022 16 which which WDT 51242 1022 17 supplied supply VBD 51242 1022 18 power power NN 51242 1022 19 to to IN 51242 1022 20 a a DT 51242 1022 21 motor motor NN 51242 1022 22 which which WDT 51242 1022 23 drove drive VBD 51242 1022 24 a a DT 51242 1022 25 hydraulic hydraulic JJ 51242 1022 26 pump pump NN 51242 1022 27 , , , 51242 1022 28 which which WDT 51242 1022 29 in in IN 51242 1022 30 turn turn NN 51242 1022 31 worked work VBD 51242 1022 32 a a DT 51242 1022 33 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 1022 34 supplying supply VBG 51242 1022 35 current current NN 51242 1022 36 to to IN 51242 1022 37 motors motor NNS 51242 1022 38 driving drive VBG 51242 1022 39 the the DT 51242 1022 40 axles axle NNS 51242 1022 41 of of IN 51242 1022 42 the the DT 51242 1022 43 car car NN 51242 1022 44 , , , 51242 1022 45 and and CC 51242 1022 46 also also RB 51242 1022 47 to to IN 51242 1022 48 the the DT 51242 1022 49 accumulator accumulator NN 51242 1022 50 for for IN 51242 1022 51 re re JJ 51242 1022 52 - - JJ 51242 1022 53 charging charge VBG 51242 1022 54 purposes purpose NNS 51242 1022 55 . . . 51242 1023 1 The the DT 51242 1023 2 inventor inventor NN 51242 1023 3 was be VBD 51242 1023 4 so so RB 51242 1023 5 sure sure JJ 51242 1023 6 that that IN 51242 1023 7 he -PRON- PRP 51242 1023 8 had have VBD 51242 1023 9 got get VBN 51242 1023 10 the the DT 51242 1023 11 better well JJR 51242 1023 12 of of IN 51242 1023 13 the the DT 51242 1023 14 law law NN 51242 1023 15 of of IN 51242 1023 16 the the DT 51242 1023 17 conservation conservation NN 51242 1023 18 of of IN 51242 1023 19 energy energy NN 51242 1023 20 that that WDT 51242 1023 21 he -PRON- PRP 51242 1023 22 provided provide VBD 51242 1023 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1023 24 car car NN 51242 1023 25 with with IN 51242 1023 26 pointed pointed JJ 51242 1023 27 ends end NNS 51242 1023 28 , , , 51242 1023 29 fitted fit VBN 51242 1023 30 with with IN 51242 1023 31 revolving revolve VBG 51242 1023 32 fans fan NNS 51242 1023 33 to to TO 51242 1023 34 break break VB 51242 1023 35 down down RP 51242 1023 36 the the DT 51242 1023 37 air air NN 51242 1023 38 - - HYPH 51242 1023 39 pressure pressure NN 51242 1023 40 , , , 51242 1023 41 in in IN 51242 1023 42 order order NN 51242 1023 43 that that IN 51242 1023 44 a a DT 51242 1023 45 speed speed NN 51242 1023 46 of of IN 51242 1023 47 125 125 CD 51242 1023 48 miles mile NNS 51242 1023 49 per per IN 51242 1023 50 hour hour NN 51242 1023 51 might may MD 51242 1023 52 be be VB 51242 1023 53 achieved achieve VBN 51242 1023 54 . . . 51242 1024 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1024 2 name name NN 51242 1024 3 was be VBD 51242 1024 4 Amen amen UH 51242 1024 5 ; ; : 51242 1024 6 and and CC 51242 1024 7 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1024 8 provides provide VBZ 51242 1024 9 a a DT 51242 1024 10 fitting fitting JJ 51242 1024 11 comment comment NN 51242 1024 12 upon upon IN 51242 1024 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1024 14 scheme scheme NN 51242 1024 15 . . . 51242 1025 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 1025 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 1025 3 : : : 51242 1025 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1025 5 . . . 51242 1026 1 13 13 CD 51242 1026 2 . . . 51242 1027 1 Illustration illustration NN 51242 1027 2 of of IN 51242 1027 3 Elberfeld Elberfeld NNP 51242 1027 4 - - HYPH 51242 1027 5 Barmen Barmen NNP 51242 1027 6 hanging hang VBG 51242 1027 7 electric electric JJ 51242 1027 8 railway railway NN 51242 1027 9 . . . 51242 1028 1 From from IN 51242 1028 2 _ _ NNP 51242 1028 3 The the DT 51242 1028 4 Electrical Electrical NNP 51242 1028 5 Industry Industry NNP 51242 1028 6 _ _ NNP 51242 1028 7 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1028 8 Books Books NNP 51242 1028 9 on on IN 51242 1028 10 Business Business NNP 51242 1028 11 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1028 12 , , , 51242 1028 13 published publish VBN 51242 1028 14 by by IN 51242 1028 15 Messrs Messrs NNP 51242 1028 16 Methuen Methuen NNP 51242 1028 17 . . . 51242 1028 18 ] ] -RRB- 51242 1029 1 Several several JJ 51242 1029 2 electric electric JJ 51242 1029 3 flying flying JJ 51242 1029 4 - - HYPH 51242 1029 5 machine machine NN 51242 1029 6 ideas idea NNS 51242 1029 7 found find VBD 51242 1029 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1029 9 way way NN 51242 1029 10 on on IN 51242 1029 11 to to IN 51242 1029 12 the the DT 51242 1029 13 patent patent NN 51242 1029 14 records record NNS 51242 1029 15 . . . 51242 1030 1 In in IN 51242 1030 2 1893 1893 CD 51242 1030 3 a a DT 51242 1030 4 Frenchman Frenchman NNP 51242 1030 5 registered register VBD 51242 1030 6 a a DT 51242 1030 7 design design NN 51242 1030 8 for for IN 51242 1030 9 an an DT 51242 1030 10 air air NN 51242 1030 11 - - HYPH 51242 1030 12 ship ship NN 51242 1030 13 with with IN 51242 1030 14 a a DT 51242 1030 15 cigar cigar NN 51242 1030 16 - - HYPH 51242 1030 17 shaped shape VBN 51242 1030 18 body body NN 51242 1030 19 and and CC 51242 1030 20 electrically electrically RB 51242 1030 21 - - HYPH 51242 1030 22 driven drive VBN 51242 1030 23 propellers propeller NNS 51242 1030 24 . . . 51242 1031 1 There there EX 51242 1031 2 was be VBD 51242 1031 3 , , , 51242 1031 4 however however RB 51242 1031 5 , , , 51242 1031 6 more more JJR 51242 1031 7 originality originality NN 51242 1031 8 in in IN 51242 1031 9 an an DT 51242 1031 10 American american JJ 51242 1031 11 idea idea NN 51242 1031 12 that that IN 51242 1031 13 the the DT 51242 1031 14 progress progress NN 51242 1031 15 of of IN 51242 1031 16 trains train NNS 51242 1031 17 on on IN 51242 1031 18 the the DT 51242 1031 19 overhead overhead JJ 51242 1031 20 railway railway NN 51242 1031 21 might may MD 51242 1031 22 be be VB 51242 1031 23 assisted assist VBN 51242 1031 24 by by IN 51242 1031 25 the the DT 51242 1031 26 action action NN 51242 1031 27 of of IN 51242 1031 28 balloons balloon NNS 51242 1031 29 in in IN 51242 1031 30 taking take VBG 51242 1031 31 the the DT 51242 1031 32 weight weight NN 51242 1031 33 of of IN 51242 1031 34 the the DT 51242 1031 35 cars car NNS 51242 1031 36 off off IN 51242 1031 37 the the DT 51242 1031 38 rails rail NNS 51242 1031 39 . . . 51242 1032 1 Curiously curiously RB 51242 1032 2 enough enough JJ 51242 1032 3 , , , 51242 1032 4 other other JJ 51242 1032 5 original original JJ 51242 1032 6 inventors inventor NNS 51242 1032 7 tried try VBD 51242 1032 8 to to TO 51242 1032 9 get get VB 51242 1032 10 the the DT 51242 1032 11 opposite opposite JJ 51242 1032 12 effect effect NN 51242 1032 13 , , , 51242 1032 14 by by IN 51242 1032 15 devising devise VBG 51242 1032 16 magnetic magnetic JJ 51242 1032 17 arrangements arrangement NNS 51242 1032 18 to to TO 51242 1032 19 increase increase VB 51242 1032 20 the the DT 51242 1032 21 adhesion adhesion NN 51242 1032 22 of of IN 51242 1032 23 the the DT 51242 1032 24 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1032 25 to to IN 51242 1032 26 the the DT 51242 1032 27 rails rail NNS 51242 1032 28 . . . 51242 1033 1 More More JJR 51242 1033 2 plausible plausible JJ 51242 1033 3 forms form NNS 51242 1033 4 of of IN 51242 1033 5 super super NN 51242 1033 6 - - NN 51242 1033 7 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 1033 8 have have VBP 51242 1033 9 been be VBN 51242 1033 10 exercised exercise VBN 51242 1033 11 in in IN 51242 1033 12 connection connection NN 51242 1033 13 with with IN 51242 1033 14 established established JJ 51242 1033 15 modes mode NNS 51242 1033 16 of of IN 51242 1033 17 electric electric JJ 51242 1033 18 traction traction NN 51242 1033 19 . . . 51242 1034 1 For for IN 51242 1034 2 the the DT 51242 1034 3 conduit conduit NN 51242 1034 4 system system NN 51242 1034 5 one one CD 51242 1034 6 inventor inventor NN 51242 1034 7 suggested suggest VBD 51242 1034 8 a a DT 51242 1034 9 kind kind NN 51242 1034 10 of of IN 51242 1034 11 reversion reversion NN 51242 1034 12 to to IN 51242 1034 13 the the DT 51242 1034 14 ' ' `` 51242 1034 15 continuous continuous JJ 51242 1034 16 valve valve NN 51242 1034 17 ' ' '' 51242 1034 18 of of IN 51242 1034 19 the the DT 51242 1034 20 old old JJ 51242 1034 21 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 1034 22 railway railway NN 51242 1034 23 . . . 51242 1035 1 The the DT 51242 1035 2 slot slot NN 51242 1035 3 of of IN 51242 1035 4 the the DT 51242 1035 5 conduit conduit NN 51242 1035 6 was be VBD 51242 1035 7 closed close VBN 51242 1035 8 by by IN 51242 1035 9 a a DT 51242 1035 10 continuous continuous JJ 51242 1035 11 series series NN 51242 1035 12 of of IN 51242 1035 13 springs spring NNS 51242 1035 14 which which WDT 51242 1035 15 would would MD 51242 1035 16 be be VB 51242 1035 17 opened open VBN 51242 1035 18 in in IN 51242 1035 19 succession succession NN 51242 1035 20 by by IN 51242 1035 21 the the DT 51242 1035 22 plough plough NN 51242 1035 23 as as IN 51242 1035 24 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1035 25 passed pass VBD 51242 1035 26 along along RP 51242 1035 27 . . . 51242 1036 1 This this DT 51242 1036 2 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 1036 3 was be VBD 51242 1036 4 actually actually RB 51242 1036 5 tried try VBN 51242 1036 6 on on IN 51242 1036 7 an an DT 51242 1036 8 experimental experimental JJ 51242 1036 9 track track NN 51242 1036 10 in in IN 51242 1036 11 London London NNP 51242 1036 12 . . . 51242 1037 1 Another another DT 51242 1037 2 inventor inventor NN 51242 1037 3 proposed propose VBD 51242 1037 4 a a DT 51242 1037 5 novel novel JJ 51242 1037 6 plan plan NN 51242 1037 7 for for IN 51242 1037 8 keeping keep VBG 51242 1037 9 the the DT 51242 1037 10 conductor conductor NN 51242 1037 11 in in IN 51242 1037 12 a a DT 51242 1037 13 conduit conduit NN 51242 1037 14 free free JJ 51242 1037 15 from from IN 51242 1037 16 damp damp NN 51242 1037 17 . . . 51242 1038 1 The the DT 51242 1038 2 conductor conductor NN 51242 1038 3 was be VBD 51242 1038 4 to to TO 51242 1038 5 be be VB 51242 1038 6 made make VBN 51242 1038 7 hollow hollow JJ 51242 1038 8 , , , 51242 1038 9 so so IN 51242 1038 10 that that IN 51242 1038 11 hot hot JJ 51242 1038 12 air air NN 51242 1038 13 could could MD 51242 1038 14 be be VB 51242 1038 15 pumped pump VBN 51242 1038 16 through through IN 51242 1038 17 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1038 18 to to TO 51242 1038 19 dry dry VB 51242 1038 20 off off RP 51242 1038 21 any any DT 51242 1038 22 accumulated accumulate VBN 51242 1038 23 moisture moisture NN 51242 1038 24 . . . 51242 1039 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 1039 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 1039 3 : : : 51242 1039 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1039 5 . . . 51242 1040 1 14 14 CD 51242 1040 2 . . . 51242 1041 1 The the DT 51242 1041 2 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1041 3 electric electric JJ 51242 1041 4 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 1041 5 -- -- : 51242 1041 6 a a DT 51242 1041 7 generating generate VBG 51242 1041 8 station station NN 51242 1041 9 on on IN 51242 1041 10 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1041 11 . . . 51242 1042 1 The the DT 51242 1042 2 general general JJ 51242 1042 3 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 1042 4 of of IN 51242 1042 5 this this DT 51242 1042 6 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 1042 7 should should MD 51242 1042 8 be be VB 51242 1042 9 compared compare VBN 51242 1042 10 with with IN 51242 1042 11 that that DT 51242 1042 12 of of IN 51242 1042 13 the the DT 51242 1042 14 modern modern JJ 51242 1042 15 electric electric JJ 51242 1042 16 turbo turbo NN 51242 1042 17 - - HYPH 51242 1042 18 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1042 19 described describe VBN 51242 1042 20 on on IN 51242 1042 21 p. p. NN 51242 1042 22 130 130 CD 51242 1042 23 and and CC 51242 1042 24 illustrated illustrate VBN 51242 1042 25 in in IN 51242 1042 26 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1042 27 . . . 51242 1043 1 15 15 CD 51242 1043 2 . . . 51242 1043 3 ] ] -RRB- 51242 1044 1 The the DT 51242 1044 2 most most RBS 51242 1044 3 entertaining entertaining JJ 51242 1044 4 freak freak NN 51242 1044 5 in in IN 51242 1044 6 connection connection NN 51242 1044 7 with with IN 51242 1044 8 the the DT 51242 1044 9 trolley trolley NN 51242 1044 10 system system NN 51242 1044 11 was be VBD 51242 1044 12 a a DT 51242 1044 13 device device NN 51242 1044 14 to to TO 51242 1044 15 enable enable VB 51242 1044 16 two two CD 51242 1044 17 lines line NNS 51242 1044 18 of of IN 51242 1044 19 car car NN 51242 1044 20 to to TO 51242 1044 21 use use VB 51242 1044 22 a a DT 51242 1044 23 single single JJ 51242 1044 24 trolley trolley NN 51242 1044 25 wire wire NN 51242 1044 26 . . . 51242 1045 1 Cars car NNS 51242 1045 2 going go VBG 51242 1045 3 in in IN 51242 1045 4 one one CD 51242 1045 5 direction direction NN 51242 1045 6 were be VBD 51242 1045 7 to to TO 51242 1045 8 carry carry VB 51242 1045 9 a a DT 51242 1045 10 double double RB 51242 1045 11 - - HYPH 51242 1045 12 ended ended JJ 51242 1045 13 inclined inclined JJ 51242 1045 14 plane plane NN 51242 1045 15 which which WDT 51242 1045 16 would would MD 51242 1045 17 lift lift VB 51242 1045 18 the the DT 51242 1045 19 trolley trolley NN 51242 1045 20 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1045 21 of of IN 51242 1045 22 passing pass VBG 51242 1045 23 cars car NNS 51242 1045 24 off off IN 51242 1045 25 the the DT 51242 1045 26 wire wire NN 51242 1045 27 and and CC 51242 1045 28 let let VB 51242 1045 29 them -PRON- PRP 51242 1045 30 slip slip VB 51242 1045 31 back back RB 51242 1045 32 again again RB 51242 1045 33 . . . 51242 1046 1 The the DT 51242 1046 2 only only JJ 51242 1046 3 drawback drawback NN 51242 1046 4 to to IN 51242 1046 5 this this DT 51242 1046 6 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 1046 7 was be VBD 51242 1046 8 that that IN 51242 1046 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1046 10 would would MD 51242 1046 11 not not RB 51242 1046 12 work work VB 51242 1046 13 . . . 51242 1047 1 Another another DT 51242 1047 2 inventor inventor NN 51242 1047 3 who who WP 51242 1047 4 was be VBD 51242 1047 5 apparently apparently RB 51242 1047 6 impressed impressed JJ 51242 1047 7 with with IN 51242 1047 8 the the DT 51242 1047 9 noise noise NN 51242 1047 10 of of IN 51242 1047 11 trolley trolley NN 51242 1047 12 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1047 13 on on IN 51242 1047 14 the the DT 51242 1047 15 wires wire NNS 51242 1047 16 designed design VBD 51242 1047 17 a a DT 51242 1047 18 trolley trolley NN 51242 1047 19 head head NN 51242 1047 20 fitted fit VBN 51242 1047 21 with with IN 51242 1047 22 a a DT 51242 1047 23 pneumatic pneumatic JJ 51242 1047 24 tyre tyre NN 51242 1047 25 . . . 51242 1048 1 If if IN 51242 1048 2 he -PRON- PRP 51242 1048 3 could could MD 51242 1048 4 have have VB 51242 1048 5 persuaded persuade VBN 51242 1048 6 indiarubber indiarubber NN 51242 1048 7 to to TO 51242 1048 8 be be VB 51242 1048 9 anything anything NN 51242 1048 10 but but IN 51242 1048 11 one one CD 51242 1048 12 of of IN 51242 1048 13 the the DT 51242 1048 14 best good JJS 51242 1048 15 of of IN 51242 1048 16 insulators insulator NNS 51242 1048 17 , , , 51242 1048 18 he -PRON- PRP 51242 1048 19 would would MD 51242 1048 20 have have VB 51242 1048 21 been be VBN 51242 1048 22 completely completely RB 51242 1048 23 successful successful JJ 51242 1048 24 . . . 51242 1049 1 One one CD 51242 1049 2 of of IN 51242 1049 3 the the DT 51242 1049 4 best well RBS 51242 1049 5 known know VBN 51242 1049 6 of of IN 51242 1049 7 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1049 8 freaks freak NNS 51242 1049 9 -- -- : 51242 1049 10 the the DT 51242 1049 11 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1049 12 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1049 13 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1049 14 Fig fig NN 51242 1049 15 . . . 51242 1050 1 14)--is 14)--is LS 51242 1050 2 a a DT 51242 1050 3 very very RB 51242 1050 4 good good JJ 51242 1050 5 example example NN 51242 1050 6 of of IN 51242 1050 7 the the DT 51242 1050 8 way way NN 51242 1050 9 in in IN 51242 1050 10 which which WDT 51242 1050 11 an an DT 51242 1050 12 invention invention NN 51242 1050 13 may may MD 51242 1050 14 be be VB 51242 1050 15 tried try VBN 51242 1050 16 with with IN 51242 1050 17 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 51242 1050 18 , , , 51242 1050 19 rejected reject VBN 51242 1050 20 with with IN 51242 1050 21 contumely contumely RB 51242 1050 22 , , , 51242 1050 23 and and CC 51242 1050 24 revived revive VBD 51242 1050 25 at at IN 51242 1050 26 a a DT 51242 1050 27 much much RB 51242 1050 28 later later JJ 51242 1050 29 date date NN 51242 1050 30 in in IN 51242 1050 31 an an DT 51242 1050 32 improved improved JJ 51242 1050 33 and and CC 51242 1050 34 more more JJR 51242 1050 35 promising promising JJ 51242 1050 36 form form NN 51242 1050 37 . . . 51242 1051 1 The the DT 51242 1051 2 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1051 3 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 1051 4 was be VBD 51242 1051 5 practically practically RB 51242 1051 6 a a DT 51242 1051 7 generating generating NN 51242 1051 8 station station NN 51242 1051 9 on on IN 51242 1051 10 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1051 11 . . . 51242 1052 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1052 2 carried carry VBD 51242 1052 3 a a DT 51242 1052 4 boiler boiler NN 51242 1052 5 and and CC 51242 1052 6 engines engine NNS 51242 1052 7 , , , 51242 1052 8 which which WDT 51242 1052 9 drove drive VBD 51242 1052 10 a a DT 51242 1052 11 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 1052 12 , , , 51242 1052 13 the the DT 51242 1052 14 current current NN 51242 1052 15 from from IN 51242 1052 16 which which WDT 51242 1052 17 was be VBD 51242 1052 18 led lead VBN 51242 1052 19 through through IN 51242 1052 20 controllers controller NNS 51242 1052 21 to to IN 51242 1052 22 motors motor NNS 51242 1052 23 coupled couple VBN 51242 1052 24 to to IN 51242 1052 25 the the DT 51242 1052 26 wheel wheel NN 51242 1052 27 axles axle NNS 51242 1052 28 . . . 51242 1053 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1053 2 was be VBD 51242 1053 3 an an DT 51242 1053 4 enormous enormous JJ 51242 1053 5 affair affair NN 51242 1053 6 , , , 51242 1053 7 over over IN 51242 1053 8 18 18 CD 51242 1053 9 metres metre NNS 51242 1053 10 long long JJ 51242 1053 11 and and CC 51242 1053 12 running run VBG 51242 1053 13 on on IN 51242 1053 14 sixteen sixteen CD 51242 1053 15 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1053 16 ; ; , 51242 1053 17 extensive extensive JJ 51242 1053 18 trials trial NNS 51242 1053 19 were be VBD 51242 1053 20 made make VBN 51242 1053 21 with with IN 51242 1053 22 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1053 23 on on IN 51242 1053 24 the the DT 51242 1053 25 Western Western NNP 51242 1053 26 Railway Railway NNP 51242 1053 27 of of IN 51242 1053 28 France France NNP 51242 1053 29 in in IN 51242 1053 30 the the DT 51242 1053 31 early early JJ 51242 1053 32 nineties ninety NNS 51242 1053 33 . . . 51242 1054 1 Some some DT 51242 1054 2 advantage advantage NN 51242 1054 3 was be VBD 51242 1054 4 gained gain VBN 51242 1054 5 in in IN 51242 1054 6 smoothness smoothness NN 51242 1054 7 of of IN 51242 1054 8 running running NN 51242 1054 9 , , , 51242 1054 10 ease ease NN 51242 1054 11 and and CC 51242 1054 12 uniformity uniformity NN 51242 1054 13 of of IN 51242 1054 14 control control NN 51242 1054 15 , , , 51242 1054 16 and and CC 51242 1054 17 improved improve VBN 51242 1054 18 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 1054 19 ; ; : 51242 1054 20 but but CC 51242 1054 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1054 22 great great JJ 51242 1054 23 weight weight NN 51242 1054 24 , , , 51242 1054 25 cost cost NN 51242 1054 26 , , , 51242 1054 27 and and CC 51242 1054 28 complexity complexity NN 51242 1054 29 were be VBD 51242 1054 30 against against IN 51242 1054 31 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1054 32 . . . 51242 1055 1 In in IN 51242 1055 2 spite spite NN 51242 1055 3 of of IN 51242 1055 4 the the DT 51242 1055 5 cordial cordial JJ 51242 1055 6 support support NN 51242 1055 7 given give VBN 51242 1055 8 to to IN 51242 1055 9 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1055 10 by by IN 51242 1055 11 railway railway NN 51242 1055 12 engineers engineer NNS 51242 1055 13 , , , 51242 1055 14 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1055 15 was be VBD 51242 1055 16 soon soon RB 51242 1055 17 relegated relegate VBN 51242 1055 18 to to IN 51242 1055 19 the the DT 51242 1055 20 scrap scrap NN 51242 1055 21 - - HYPH 51242 1055 22 heap heap NN 51242 1055 23 . . . 51242 1056 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 1056 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 1056 3 : : : 51242 1056 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1056 5 . . . 51242 1057 1 15 15 CD 51242 1057 2 . . . 51242 1058 1 Electro Electro NNP 51242 1058 2 - - HYPH 51242 1058 3 turbo turbo NN 51242 1058 4 - - HYPH 51242 1058 5 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1058 6 built build VBN 51242 1058 7 by by IN 51242 1058 8 the the DT 51242 1058 9 North North NNP 51242 1058 10 British British NNP 51242 1058 11 Locomotive Locomotive NNP 51242 1058 12 Company Company NNP 51242 1058 13 for for IN 51242 1058 14 experimental experimental JJ 51242 1058 15 purposes purpose NNS 51242 1058 16 . . . 51242 1059 1 This this DT 51242 1059 2 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 1059 3 is be VBZ 51242 1059 4 a a DT 51242 1059 5 ' ' `` 51242 1059 6 generating generating NN 51242 1059 7 station station NN 51242 1059 8 on on IN 51242 1059 9 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1059 10 . . . 51242 1059 11 ' ' '' 51242 1060 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1060 2 carries carry VBZ 51242 1060 3 a a DT 51242 1060 4 steam steam NN 51242 1060 5 turbine turbine NN 51242 1060 6 driving drive VBG 51242 1060 7 a a DT 51242 1060 8 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 1060 9 which which WDT 51242 1060 10 supplies supply VBZ 51242 1060 11 current current JJ 51242 1060 12 through through IN 51242 1060 13 a a DT 51242 1060 14 controller controller NN 51242 1060 15 to to IN 51242 1060 16 motors motor NNS 51242 1060 17 geared gear VBN 51242 1060 18 to to IN 51242 1060 19 the the DT 51242 1060 20 axles axle NNS 51242 1060 21 . . . 51242 1060 22 ] ] -RRB- 51242 1061 1 The the DT 51242 1061 2 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1061 3 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 1061 4 , , , 51242 1061 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1061 6 will will MD 51242 1061 7 be be VB 51242 1061 8 noticed notice VBN 51242 1061 9 , , , 51242 1061 10 is be VBZ 51242 1061 11 similar similar JJ 51242 1061 12 in in IN 51242 1061 13 principle principle NN 51242 1061 14 to to IN 51242 1061 15 the the DT 51242 1061 16 petrol petrol NN 51242 1061 17 - - HYPH 51242 1061 18 electric electric JJ 51242 1061 19 systems system NNS 51242 1061 20 of of IN 51242 1061 21 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 1061 22 now now RB 51242 1061 23 in in IN 51242 1061 24 use use NN 51242 1061 25 for for IN 51242 1061 26 road road NN 51242 1061 27 traction traction NN 51242 1061 28 . . . 51242 1062 1 But but CC 51242 1062 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1062 3 is be VBZ 51242 1062 4 probable probable JJ 51242 1062 5 that that IN 51242 1062 6 the the DT 51242 1062 7 idea idea NN 51242 1062 8 would would MD 51242 1062 9 never never RB 51242 1062 10 have have VB 51242 1062 11 been be VBN 51242 1062 12 heard hear VBN 51242 1062 13 of of IN 51242 1062 14 again again RB 51242 1062 15 in in IN 51242 1062 16 connection connection NN 51242 1062 17 with with IN 51242 1062 18 railway railway NN 51242 1062 19 work work NN 51242 1062 20 had have VBD 51242 1062 21 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1062 22 not not RB 51242 1062 23 been be VBN 51242 1062 24 for for IN 51242 1062 25 the the DT 51242 1062 26 appearance appearance NN 51242 1062 27 of of IN 51242 1062 28 the the DT 51242 1062 29 steam steam NN 51242 1062 30 turbine turbine NN 51242 1062 31 . . . 51242 1063 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1063 2 was be VBD 51242 1063 3 natural natural JJ 51242 1063 4 that that IN 51242 1063 5 the the DT 51242 1063 6 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1063 7 engineer engineer NN 51242 1063 8 should should MD 51242 1063 9 consider consider VB 51242 1063 10 how how WRB 51242 1063 11 the the DT 51242 1063 12 turbine turbine NN 51242 1063 13 could could MD 51242 1063 14 be be VB 51242 1063 15 applied apply VBN 51242 1063 16 to to IN 51242 1063 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1063 18 purposes purpose NNS 51242 1063 19 ; ; : 51242 1063 20 and and CC 51242 1063 21 the the DT 51242 1063 22 first first JJ 51242 1063 23 step step NN 51242 1063 24 in in IN 51242 1063 25 this this DT 51242 1063 26 inquiry inquiry NN 51242 1063 27 made make VBD 51242 1063 28 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1063 29 plain plain JJ 51242 1063 30 that that IN 51242 1063 31 some some DT 51242 1063 32 electric electric JJ 51242 1063 33 method method NN 51242 1063 34 of of IN 51242 1063 35 control control NN 51242 1063 36 was be VBD 51242 1063 37 necessary necessary JJ 51242 1063 38 between between IN 51242 1063 39 the the DT 51242 1063 40 high high JJ 51242 1063 41 - - HYPH 51242 1063 42 speed speed NN 51242 1063 43 turbine turbine NN 51242 1063 44 and and CC 51242 1063 45 the the DT 51242 1063 46 driving driving NN 51242 1063 47 axle axle NN 51242 1063 48 . . . 51242 1064 1 Consequently consequently RB 51242 1064 2 , , , 51242 1064 3 when when WRB 51242 1064 4 the the DT 51242 1064 5 engineers engineer NNS 51242 1064 6 of of IN 51242 1064 7 the the DT 51242 1064 8 North North NNP 51242 1064 9 British British NNP 51242 1064 10 Locomotive Locomotive NNP 51242 1064 11 Company Company NNP 51242 1064 12 set set VBD 51242 1064 13 to to TO 51242 1064 14 work work VB 51242 1064 15 in in IN 51242 1064 16 1909 1909 CD 51242 1064 17 to to TO 51242 1064 18 design design VB 51242 1064 19 an an DT 51242 1064 20 ' ' `` 51242 1064 21 electric electric JJ 51242 1064 22 turbo turbo NN 51242 1064 23 - - HYPH 51242 1064 24 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1064 25 , , , 51242 1064 26 ' ' '' 51242 1064 27 they -PRON- PRP 51242 1064 28 produced produce VBD 51242 1064 29 something something NN 51242 1064 30 not not RB 51242 1064 31 at at RB 51242 1064 32 all all RB 51242 1064 33 unlike unlike IN 51242 1064 34 the the DT 51242 1064 35 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1064 36 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1064 37 . . . 51242 1065 1 The the DT 51242 1065 2 equipment equipment NN 51242 1065 3 consists consist VBZ 51242 1065 4 of of IN 51242 1065 5 a a DT 51242 1065 6 steam steam NN 51242 1065 7 turbine turbine NN 51242 1065 8 , , , 51242 1065 9 with with IN 51242 1065 10 elaborate elaborate JJ 51242 1065 11 condensing condensing NN 51242 1065 12 plant plant NN 51242 1065 13 , , , 51242 1065 14 a a DT 51242 1065 15 generator generator NN 51242 1065 16 , , , 51242 1065 17 and and CC 51242 1065 18 a a DT 51242 1065 19 group group NN 51242 1065 20 of of IN 51242 1065 21 driving drive VBG 51242 1065 22 motors motor NNS 51242 1065 23 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1065 24 Fig fig NN 51242 1065 25 . . . 51242 1066 1 15 15 CD 51242 1066 2 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1066 3 . . . 51242 1067 1 The the DT 51242 1067 2 turbine turbine NN 51242 1067 3 runs run VBZ 51242 1067 4 at at IN 51242 1067 5 3000 3000 CD 51242 1067 6 revolutions revolution NNS 51242 1067 7 per per IN 51242 1067 8 minute minute NN 51242 1067 9 and and CC 51242 1067 10 drives drive VBZ 51242 1067 11 a a DT 51242 1067 12 continuous continuous JJ 51242 1067 13 - - HYPH 51242 1067 14 current current JJ 51242 1067 15 dynamo dynamo NN 51242 1067 16 , , , 51242 1067 17 the the DT 51242 1067 18 current current NN 51242 1067 19 from from IN 51242 1067 20 which which WDT 51242 1067 21 passes pass VBZ 51242 1067 22 through through IN 51242 1067 23 controllers controller NNS 51242 1067 24 to to IN 51242 1067 25 four four CD 51242 1067 26 motors motor NNS 51242 1067 27 which which WDT 51242 1067 28 can can MD 51242 1067 29 be be VB 51242 1067 30 run run VBN 51242 1067 31 in in IN 51242 1067 32 series series NN 51242 1067 33 , , , 51242 1067 34 or or CC 51242 1067 35 two two CD 51242 1067 36 in in IN 51242 1067 37 series series NN 51242 1067 38 and and CC 51242 1067 39 two two CD 51242 1067 40 in in IN 51242 1067 41 parallel parallel NN 51242 1067 42 , , , 51242 1067 43 or or CC 51242 1067 44 all all DT 51242 1067 45 in in IN 51242 1067 46 parallel parallel NN 51242 1067 47 , , , 51242 1067 48 according accord VBG 51242 1067 49 to to IN 51242 1067 50 the the DT 51242 1067 51 draw draw NN 51242 1067 52 - - HYPH 51242 1067 53 bar bar NN 51242 1067 54 pull pull NN 51242 1067 55 required require VBN 51242 1067 56 . . . 51242 1068 1 Trials trial NNS 51242 1068 2 with with IN 51242 1068 3 this this DT 51242 1068 4 locomotive locomotive NN 51242 1068 5 were be VBD 51242 1068 6 begun begin VBN 51242 1068 7 early early RB 51242 1068 8 in in IN 51242 1068 9 1910 1910 CD 51242 1068 10 , , , 51242 1068 11 but but CC 51242 1068 12 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1068 13 is be VBZ 51242 1068 14 yet yet RB 51242 1068 15 too too RB 51242 1068 16 early early JJ 51242 1068 17 to to TO 51242 1068 18 say say VB 51242 1068 19 whether whether IN 51242 1068 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1068 21 will will MD 51242 1068 22 be be VB 51242 1068 23 more more RBR 51242 1068 24 fortunate fortunate JJ 51242 1068 25 than than IN 51242 1068 26 the the DT 51242 1068 27 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1068 28 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1068 29 , , , 51242 1068 30 and and CC 51242 1068 31 whether whether IN 51242 1068 32 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1068 33 is be VBZ 51242 1068 34 likely likely JJ 51242 1068 35 to to TO 51242 1068 36 delay delay VB 51242 1068 37 the the DT 51242 1068 38 advance advance NN 51242 1068 39 of of IN 51242 1068 40 the the DT 51242 1068 41 electric electric JJ 51242 1068 42 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1068 43 proper proper JJ 51242 1068 44 , , , 51242 1068 45 fed feed VBN 51242 1068 46 with with IN 51242 1068 47 power power NN 51242 1068 48 by by IN 51242 1068 49 overhead overhead JJ 51242 1068 50 wires wire NNS 51242 1068 51 from from IN 51242 1068 52 a a DT 51242 1068 53 central central JJ 51242 1068 54 power power NN 51242 1068 55 station station NN 51242 1068 56 . . . 51242 1069 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 1069 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 1069 3 : : : 51242 1069 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1069 5 . . . 51242 1070 1 16 16 CD 51242 1070 2 . . . 51242 1071 1 Diagrammatic diagrammatic JJ 51242 1071 2 sections section NNS 51242 1071 3 of of IN 51242 1071 4 the the DT 51242 1071 5 Behr Behr NNP 51242 1071 6 electric electric JJ 51242 1071 7 mono mono NN 51242 1071 8 - - HYPH 51242 1071 9 rail rail NN 51242 1071 10 car car NN 51242 1071 11 . . . 51242 1072 1 The the DT 51242 1072 2 car car NN 51242 1072 3 is be VBZ 51242 1072 4 balanced balance VBN 51242 1072 5 on on IN 51242 1072 6 the the DT 51242 1072 7 summit summit NN 51242 1072 8 of of IN 51242 1072 9 a a DT 51242 1072 10 continuous continuous JJ 51242 1072 11 trestle trestle NN 51242 1072 12 and and CC 51242 1072 13 is be VBZ 51242 1072 14 designed design VBN 51242 1072 15 for for IN 51242 1072 16 speeds speed NNS 51242 1072 17 up up IN 51242 1072 18 to to TO 51242 1072 19 120 120 CD 51242 1072 20 miles mile NNS 51242 1072 21 per per IN 51242 1072 22 hour hour NN 51242 1072 23 . . . 51242 1072 24 ] ] -RRB- 51242 1073 1 The the DT 51242 1073 2 possibilities possibility NNS 51242 1073 3 of of IN 51242 1073 4 high high JJ 51242 1073 5 speed speed NN 51242 1073 6 on on IN 51242 1073 7 a a DT 51242 1073 8 mono mono JJ 51242 1073 9 - - HYPH 51242 1073 10 railway railway NN 51242 1073 11 , , , 51242 1073 12 and and CC 51242 1073 13 especially especially RB 51242 1073 14 an an DT 51242 1073 15 electric electric JJ 51242 1073 16 mono mono JJ 51242 1073 17 - - HYPH 51242 1073 18 railway railway NN 51242 1073 19 , , , 51242 1073 20 have have VBP 51242 1073 21 acted act VBN 51242 1073 22 like like IN 51242 1073 23 a a DT 51242 1073 24 will will NN 51242 1073 25 - - HYPH 51242 1073 26 o'-the o'-the NN 51242 1073 27 - - HYPH 51242 1073 28 wisp wisp NN 51242 1073 29 to to IN 51242 1073 30 the the DT 51242 1073 31 imaginations imagination NNS 51242 1073 32 of of IN 51242 1073 33 many many JJ 51242 1073 34 engineers engineer NNS 51242 1073 35 . . . 51242 1074 1 Of of IN 51242 1074 2 the the DT 51242 1074 3 various various JJ 51242 1074 4 systems system NNS 51242 1074 5 suggested suggest VBD 51242 1074 6 , , , 51242 1074 7 only only RB 51242 1074 8 one one CD 51242 1074 9 -- -- : 51242 1074 10 the the DT 51242 1074 11 gyroscopic gyroscopic JJ 51242 1074 12 mono mono JJ 51242 1074 13 - - HYPH 51242 1074 14 railway railway NN 51242 1074 15 invented invent VBN 51242 1074 16 by by IN 51242 1074 17 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1074 18 Brennan Brennan NNP 51242 1074 19 -- -- : 51242 1074 20 seems seem VBZ 51242 1074 21 likely likely JJ 51242 1074 22 to to TO 51242 1074 23 survive survive VB 51242 1074 24 ; ; : 51242 1074 25 and and CC 51242 1074 26 even even RB 51242 1074 27 in in IN 51242 1074 28 that that DT 51242 1074 29 case case NN 51242 1074 30 victory victory NN 51242 1074 31 under under IN 51242 1074 32 practical practical JJ 51242 1074 33 conditions condition NNS 51242 1074 34 is be VBZ 51242 1074 35 not not RB 51242 1074 36 yet yet RB 51242 1074 37 certain certain JJ 51242 1074 38 . . . 51242 1075 1 At at IN 51242 1075 2 Ballybunnion Ballybunnion NNP 51242 1075 3 there there EX 51242 1075 4 is be VBZ 51242 1075 5 a a DT 51242 1075 6 steam steam NN 51242 1075 7 mono mono NN 51242 1075 8 - - HYPH 51242 1075 9 railway railway NN 51242 1075 10 which which WDT 51242 1075 11 has have VBZ 51242 1075 12 been be VBN 51242 1075 13 at at IN 51242 1075 14 work work NN 51242 1075 15 since since IN 51242 1075 16 1888 1888 CD 51242 1075 17 . . . 51242 1076 1 It -PRON- PRP 51242 1076 2 has have VBZ 51242 1076 3 had have VBN 51242 1076 4 , , , 51242 1076 5 so so RB 51242 1076 6 far far RB 51242 1076 7 as as IN 51242 1076 8 I -PRON- PRP 51242 1076 9 am be VBP 51242 1076 10 aware aware JJ 51242 1076 11 , , , 51242 1076 12 no no DT 51242 1076 13 imitators imitator NNS 51242 1076 14 ; ; : 51242 1076 15 but but CC 51242 1076 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1076 17 engineer engineer NN 51242 1076 18 , , , 51242 1076 19 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1076 20 Behr Behr NNP 51242 1076 21 , , , 51242 1076 22 retained retain VBD 51242 1076 23 so so RB 51242 1076 24 much much JJ 51242 1076 25 faith faith NN 51242 1076 26 in in IN 51242 1076 27 the the DT 51242 1076 28 principle principle NN 51242 1076 29 that that IN 51242 1076 30 he -PRON- PRP 51242 1076 31 decided decide VBD 51242 1076 32 to to TO 51242 1076 33 apply apply VB 51242 1076 34 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1076 35 to to IN 51242 1076 36 the the DT 51242 1076 37 problem problem NN 51242 1076 38 of of IN 51242 1076 39 high high JJ 51242 1076 40 - - HYPH 51242 1076 41 speed speed NN 51242 1076 42 electric electric JJ 51242 1076 43 traction traction NN 51242 1076 44 . . . 51242 1077 1 During during IN 51242 1077 2 the the DT 51242 1077 3 1900 1900 CD 51242 1077 4 session session NN 51242 1077 5 he -PRON- PRP 51242 1077 6 promoted promote VBD 51242 1077 7 a a DT 51242 1077 8 Bill Bill NNP 51242 1077 9 for for IN 51242 1077 10 the the DT 51242 1077 11 construction construction NN 51242 1077 12 of of IN 51242 1077 13 a a DT 51242 1077 14 mono mono NN 51242 1077 15 - - HYPH 51242 1077 16 railway railway NN 51242 1077 17 between between IN 51242 1077 18 Liverpool Liverpool NNP 51242 1077 19 and and CC 51242 1077 20 Manchester Manchester NNP 51242 1077 21 . . . 51242 1078 1 There there EX 51242 1078 2 was be VBD 51242 1078 3 tremendous tremendous JJ 51242 1078 4 opposition opposition NN 51242 1078 5 from from IN 51242 1078 6 the the DT 51242 1078 7 existing exist VBG 51242 1078 8 railway railway NN 51242 1078 9 companies company NNS 51242 1078 10 , , , 51242 1078 11 which which WDT 51242 1078 12 brought bring VBD 51242 1078 13 experts expert NNS 51242 1078 14 to to TO 51242 1078 15 prove prove VB 51242 1078 16 that that IN 51242 1078 17 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1078 18 Behr Behr NNP 51242 1078 19 was be VBD 51242 1078 20 a a DT 51242 1078 21 vain vain JJ 51242 1078 22 dreamer dreamer NN 51242 1078 23 ; ; : 51242 1078 24 but but CC 51242 1078 25 the the DT 51242 1078 26 Bill Bill NNP 51242 1078 27 succeeded succeed VBD 51242 1078 28 . . . 51242 1079 1 The the DT 51242 1079 2 promoters promoter NNS 51242 1079 3 , , , 51242 1079 4 however however RB 51242 1079 5 , , , 51242 1079 6 found find VBD 51242 1079 7 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1079 8 much much RB 51242 1079 9 harder hard JJR 51242 1079 10 work work NN 51242 1079 11 to to TO 51242 1079 12 raise raise VB 51242 1079 13 capital capital NN 51242 1079 14 for for IN 51242 1079 15 the the DT 51242 1079 16 project project NN 51242 1079 17 . . . 51242 1080 1 They -PRON- PRP 51242 1080 2 needed need VBD 51242 1080 3 close close RB 51242 1080 4 upon upon IN 51242 1080 5 £3,000,000 £3,000,000 NNP 51242 1080 6 , , , 51242 1080 7 but but CC 51242 1080 8 the the DT 51242 1080 9 public public JJ 51242 1080 10 response response NN 51242 1080 11 to to IN 51242 1080 12 the the DT 51242 1080 13 first first JJ 51242 1080 14 invitation invitation NN 51242 1080 15 was be VBD 51242 1080 16 so so RB 51242 1080 17 small small JJ 51242 1080 18 that that IN 51242 1080 19 the the DT 51242 1080 20 scheme scheme NN 51242 1080 21 was be VBD 51242 1080 22 abandoned abandon VBN 51242 1080 23 . . . 51242 1081 1 The the DT 51242 1081 2 line line NN 51242 1081 3 , , , 51242 1081 4 as as IN 51242 1081 5 projected project VBN 51242 1081 6 , , , 51242 1081 7 was be VBD 51242 1081 8 nearly nearly RB 51242 1081 9 35 35 CD 51242 1081 10 miles mile NNS 51242 1081 11 long long RB 51242 1081 12 ; ; : 51242 1081 13 and and CC 51242 1081 14 a a DT 51242 1081 15 speed speed NN 51242 1081 16 of of IN 51242 1081 17 100 100 CD 51242 1081 18 miles mile NNS 51242 1081 19 per per IN 51242 1081 20 hour hour NN 51242 1081 21 was be VBD 51242 1081 22 intended intend VBN 51242 1081 23 , , , 51242 1081 24 reducing reduce VBG 51242 1081 25 the the DT 51242 1081 26 time time NN 51242 1081 27 of of IN 51242 1081 28 the the DT 51242 1081 29 Liverpool Liverpool NNP 51242 1081 30 - - HYPH 51242 1081 31 Manchester Manchester NNP 51242 1081 32 journey journey NN 51242 1081 33 to to IN 51242 1081 34 twenty twenty CD 51242 1081 35 minutes minute NNS 51242 1081 36 . . . 51242 1082 1 At at IN 51242 1082 2 each each DT 51242 1082 3 end end NN 51242 1082 4 of of IN 51242 1082 5 the the DT 51242 1082 6 line line NN 51242 1082 7 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1082 8 which which WDT 51242 1082 9 was be VBD 51242 1082 10 a a DT 51242 1082 11 double double JJ 51242 1082 12 one one NN 51242 1082 13 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1082 14 a a DT 51242 1082 15 steep steep JJ 51242 1082 16 gradient gradient NN 51242 1082 17 was be VBD 51242 1082 18 arranged arrange VBN 51242 1082 19 to to TO 51242 1082 20 facilitate facilitate VB 51242 1082 21 starting start VBG 51242 1082 22 and and CC 51242 1082 23 stopping stop VBG 51242 1082 24 -- -- : 51242 1082 25 an an DT 51242 1082 26 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 1082 27 , , , 51242 1082 28 by by IN 51242 1082 29 the the DT 51242 1082 30 way way NN 51242 1082 31 , , , 51242 1082 32 which which WDT 51242 1082 33 is be VBZ 51242 1082 34 adopted adopt VBN 51242 1082 35 to to IN 51242 1082 36 a a DT 51242 1082 37 certain certain JJ 51242 1082 38 extent extent NN 51242 1082 39 on on IN 51242 1082 40 London London NNP 51242 1082 41 tubes tube NNS 51242 1082 42 . . . 51242 1083 1 The the DT 51242 1083 2 track track NN 51242 1083 3 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 1083 4 was be VBD 51242 1083 5 shaped shape VBN 51242 1083 6 like like IN 51242 1083 7 an an DT 51242 1083 8 inverted invert VBN 51242 1083 9 V v NN 51242 1083 10 , , , 51242 1083 11 and and CC 51242 1083 12 practically practically RB 51242 1083 13 the the DT 51242 1083 14 whole whole NN 51242 1083 15 of of IN 51242 1083 16 the the DT 51242 1083 17 weight weight NN 51242 1083 18 of of IN 51242 1083 19 the the DT 51242 1083 20 cars car NNS 51242 1083 21 was be VBD 51242 1083 22 borne bear VBN 51242 1083 23 upon upon IN 51242 1083 24 a a DT 51242 1083 25 rail rail NN 51242 1083 26 at at IN 51242 1083 27 the the DT 51242 1083 28 top top NN 51242 1083 29 . . . 51242 1084 1 The the DT 51242 1084 2 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1084 3 , , , 51242 1084 4 therefore therefore RB 51242 1084 5 , , , 51242 1084 6 were be VBD 51242 1084 7 right right JJ 51242 1084 8 in in IN 51242 1084 9 the the DT 51242 1084 10 centre centre NN 51242 1084 11 of of IN 51242 1084 12 the the DT 51242 1084 13 car car NN 51242 1084 14 , , , 51242 1084 15 which which WDT 51242 1084 16 balanced balance VBD 51242 1084 17 itself -PRON- PRP 51242 1084 18 on on IN 51242 1084 19 the the DT 51242 1084 20 trestle trestle NN 51242 1084 21 with with IN 51242 1084 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1084 23 centre centre NN 51242 1084 24 of of IN 51242 1084 25 gravity gravity NN 51242 1084 26 below below IN 51242 1084 27 the the DT 51242 1084 28 rail rail NN 51242 1084 29 . . . 51242 1085 1 Each each DT 51242 1085 2 side side NN 51242 1085 3 of of IN 51242 1085 4 the the DT 51242 1085 5 trestle trestle NN 51242 1085 6 carried carry VBD 51242 1085 7 two two CD 51242 1085 8 guide guide NN 51242 1085 9 - - HYPH 51242 1085 10 rails rail NNS 51242 1085 11 which which WDT 51242 1085 12 bore bear VBD 51242 1085 13 against against IN 51242 1085 14 free free RB 51242 1085 15 - - HYPH 51242 1085 16 running run VBG 51242 1085 17 horizontal horizontal JJ 51242 1085 18 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1085 19 on on IN 51242 1085 20 the the DT 51242 1085 21 car car NN 51242 1085 22 to to TO 51242 1085 23 prevent prevent VB 51242 1085 24 any any DT 51242 1085 25 undue undue JJ 51242 1085 26 lateral lateral JJ 51242 1085 27 movement movement NN 51242 1085 28 . . . 51242 1086 1 Each each DT 51242 1086 2 car car NN 51242 1086 3 was be VBD 51242 1086 4 designed design VBN 51242 1086 5 to to TO 51242 1086 6 carry carry VB 51242 1086 7 four four CD 51242 1086 8 motors motor NNS 51242 1086 9 with with IN 51242 1086 10 a a DT 51242 1086 11 total total JJ 51242 1086 12 normal normal JJ 51242 1086 13 capacity capacity NN 51242 1086 14 of of IN 51242 1086 15 160 160 CD 51242 1086 16 horse horse NN 51242 1086 17 power power NN 51242 1086 18 and and CC 51242 1086 19 an an DT 51242 1086 20 overload overload NN 51242 1086 21 capacity capacity NN 51242 1086 22 up up IN 51242 1086 23 to to TO 51242 1086 24 320 320 CD 51242 1086 25 horse horse NN 51242 1086 26 power power NN 51242 1086 27 . . . 51242 1087 1 The the DT 51242 1087 2 rails rail NNS 51242 1087 3 for for IN 51242 1087 4 carrying carry VBG 51242 1087 5 the the DT 51242 1087 6 current current NN 51242 1087 7 were be VBD 51242 1087 8 placed place VBN 51242 1087 9 on on IN 51242 1087 10 the the DT 51242 1087 11 track track NN 51242 1087 12 in in IN 51242 1087 13 very very RB 51242 1087 14 much much RB 51242 1087 15 the the DT 51242 1087 16 same same JJ 51242 1087 17 position position NN 51242 1087 18 as as IN 51242 1087 19 the the DT 51242 1087 20 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 1087 21 rails rail NNS 51242 1087 22 occupy occupy VBP 51242 1087 23 on on IN 51242 1087 24 a a DT 51242 1087 25 normal normal JJ 51242 1087 26 railway railway NN 51242 1087 27 . . . 51242 1088 1 In in IN 51242 1088 2 another another DT 51242 1088 3 form form NN 51242 1088 4 of of IN 51242 1088 5 mono mono JJ 51242 1088 6 - - HYPH 51242 1088 7 railway railway NNP 51242 1088 8 -- -- : 51242 1088 9 the the DT 51242 1088 10 Kearney Kearney NNP 51242 1088 11 high high JJ 51242 1088 12 - - HYPH 51242 1088 13 speed speed NN 51242 1088 14 railway railway NN 51242 1088 15 -- -- : 51242 1088 16 the the DT 51242 1088 17 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1088 18 are be VBP 51242 1088 19 placed place VBN 51242 1088 20 below below IN 51242 1088 21 the the DT 51242 1088 22 car car NN 51242 1088 23 and and CC 51242 1088 24 run run VB 51242 1088 25 on on IN 51242 1088 26 a a DT 51242 1088 27 single single JJ 51242 1088 28 rail rail NN 51242 1088 29 laid lay VBD 51242 1088 30 direct direct RB 51242 1088 31 on on IN 51242 1088 32 sleepers sleeper NNS 51242 1088 33 . . . 51242 1089 1 The the DT 51242 1089 2 cars car NNS 51242 1089 3 are be VBP 51242 1089 4 held hold VBN 51242 1089 5 upright upright RB 51242 1089 6 by by IN 51242 1089 7 flanged flanged JJ 51242 1089 8 wheels wheel NNS 51242 1089 9 on on IN 51242 1089 10 the the DT 51242 1089 11 top top NN 51242 1089 12 , , , 51242 1089 13 running run VBG 51242 1089 14 on on IN 51242 1089 15 a a DT 51242 1089 16 rail rail NN 51242 1089 17 fixed fix VBN 51242 1089 18 to to IN 51242 1089 19 the the DT 51242 1089 20 roof roof NN 51242 1089 21 of of IN 51242 1089 22 tunnels tunnel NNS 51242 1089 23 or or CC 51242 1089 24 to to IN 51242 1089 25 standards standard NNS 51242 1089 26 not not RB 51242 1089 27 unlike unlike IN 51242 1089 28 those those DT 51242 1089 29 of of IN 51242 1089 30 an an DT 51242 1089 31 overhead overhead JJ 51242 1089 32 trolley trolley NN 51242 1089 33 . . . 51242 1090 1 This this DT 51242 1090 2 railway railway NN 51242 1090 3 has have VBZ 51242 1090 4 been be VBN 51242 1090 5 exhibited exhibit VBN 51242 1090 6 in in IN 51242 1090 7 the the DT 51242 1090 8 form form NN 51242 1090 9 of of IN 51242 1090 10 a a DT 51242 1090 11 model model NN 51242 1090 12 . . . 51242 1091 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 1091 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 1091 3 : : : 51242 1091 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1091 5 . . . 51242 1092 1 17 17 CD 51242 1092 2 . . . 51242 1093 1 The the DT 51242 1093 2 Brennan Brennan NNP 51242 1093 3 gyroscopic gyroscopic JJ 51242 1093 4 mono mono JJ 51242 1093 5 - - : 51242 1093 6 railway.--The railway.--the JJ 51242 1093 7 car car NN 51242 1093 8 is be VBZ 51242 1093 9 electrically electrically RB 51242 1093 10 driven drive VBN 51242 1093 11 , , , 51242 1093 12 and and CC 51242 1093 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1093 14 equilibrium equilibrium NN 51242 1093 15 is be VBZ 51242 1093 16 maintained maintain VBN 51242 1093 17 by by IN 51242 1093 18 the the DT 51242 1093 19 action action NN 51242 1093 20 of of IN 51242 1093 21 two two CD 51242 1093 22 gyroscopes gyroscope NNS 51242 1093 23 , , , 51242 1093 24 also also RB 51242 1093 25 electrically electrically RB 51242 1093 26 driven drive VBN 51242 1093 27 . . . 51242 1093 28 ] ] -RRB- 51242 1094 1 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1094 2 Brennan Brennan NNP 51242 1094 3 's 's POS 51242 1094 4 gyroscopic gyroscopic JJ 51242 1094 5 mono mono JJ 51242 1094 6 - - HYPH 51242 1094 7 railway railway NN 51242 1094 8 was be VBD 51242 1094 9 first first RB 51242 1094 10 shown show VBN 51242 1094 11 , , , 51242 1094 12 in in IN 51242 1094 13 a a DT 51242 1094 14 small small JJ 51242 1094 15 size size NN 51242 1094 16 , , , 51242 1094 17 at at IN 51242 1094 18 a a DT 51242 1094 19 conversazione conversazione NN 51242 1094 20 of of IN 51242 1094 21 the the DT 51242 1094 22 Royal Royal NNP 51242 1094 23 Society Society NNP 51242 1094 24 in in IN 51242 1094 25 1907 1907 CD 51242 1094 26 . . . 51242 1095 1 Full full JJ 51242 1095 2 - - HYPH 51242 1095 3 sized sized JJ 51242 1095 4 cars car NNS 51242 1095 5 were be VBD 51242 1095 6 constructed construct VBN 51242 1095 7 later later RB 51242 1095 8 , , , 51242 1095 9 and and CC 51242 1095 10 one one CD 51242 1095 11 was be VBD 51242 1095 12 seen see VBN 51242 1095 13 at at IN 51242 1095 14 work work NN 51242 1095 15 during during IN 51242 1095 16 the the DT 51242 1095 17 Japan Japan NNP 51242 1095 18 - - HYPH 51242 1095 19 British British NNP 51242 1095 20 Exhibition Exhibition NNP 51242 1095 21 of of IN 51242 1095 22 1910 1910 CD 51242 1095 23 . . . 51242 1096 1 The the DT 51242 1096 2 distinguishing distinguish VBG 51242 1096 3 feature feature NN 51242 1096 4 of of IN 51242 1096 5 the the DT 51242 1096 6 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 1096 7 is be VBZ 51242 1096 8 the the DT 51242 1096 9 use use NN 51242 1096 10 of of IN 51242 1096 11 two two CD 51242 1096 12 gyroscopes gyroscope NNS 51242 1096 13 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1096 14 electrically electrically RB 51242 1096 15 driven drive VBN 51242 1096 16 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1096 17 , , , 51242 1096 18 one one CD 51242 1096 19 horizontal horizontal NN 51242 1096 20 and and CC 51242 1096 21 the the DT 51242 1096 22 other other JJ 51242 1096 23 vertical vertical JJ 51242 1096 24 , , , 51242 1096 25 to to TO 51242 1096 26 maintain maintain VB 51242 1096 27 the the DT 51242 1096 28 car car NN 51242 1096 29 upright upright RB 51242 1096 30 on on IN 51242 1096 31 a a DT 51242 1096 32 single single JJ 51242 1096 33 rail rail NN 51242 1096 34 , , , 51242 1096 35 even even RB 51242 1096 36 when when WRB 51242 1096 37 loaded load VBN 51242 1096 38 unevenly unevenly RB 51242 1096 39 and and CC 51242 1096 40 running run VBG 51242 1096 41 at at IN 51242 1096 42 a a DT 51242 1096 43 fair fair JJ 51242 1096 44 speed speed NN 51242 1096 45 round round IN 51242 1096 46 sharp sharp JJ 51242 1096 47 curves curve NNS 51242 1096 48 . . . 51242 1097 1 From from IN 51242 1097 2 one one CD 51242 1097 3 point point NN 51242 1097 4 of of IN 51242 1097 5 view view NN 51242 1097 6 , , , 51242 1097 7 the the DT 51242 1097 8 gyroscopic gyroscopic JJ 51242 1097 9 car car NN 51242 1097 10 is be VBZ 51242 1097 11 no no DT 51242 1097 12 more more RBR 51242 1097 13 wonderful wonderful JJ 51242 1097 14 than than IN 51242 1097 15 a a DT 51242 1097 16 spinning spinning JJ 51242 1097 17 top top NN 51242 1097 18 , , , 51242 1097 19 but but CC 51242 1097 20 the the DT 51242 1097 21 spectacle spectacle NN 51242 1097 22 of of IN 51242 1097 23 a a DT 51242 1097 24 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 1097 25 running run VBG 51242 1097 26 steadily steadily RB 51242 1097 27 on on IN 51242 1097 28 a a DT 51242 1097 29 single single JJ 51242 1097 30 rail rail NN 51242 1097 31 was be VBD 51242 1097 32 so so RB 51242 1097 33 extraordinary extraordinary JJ 51242 1097 34 that that IN 51242 1097 35 the the DT 51242 1097 36 interest interest NN 51242 1097 37 of of IN 51242 1097 38 the the DT 51242 1097 39 whole whole JJ 51242 1097 40 world world NN 51242 1097 41 was be VBD 51242 1097 42 immediately immediately RB 51242 1097 43 aroused arouse VBN 51242 1097 44 . . . 51242 1098 1 Support support NN 51242 1098 2 was be VBD 51242 1098 3 given give VBN 51242 1098 4 to to IN 51242 1098 5 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1098 6 Brennan Brennan NNP 51242 1098 7 's 's POS 51242 1098 8 experiments experiment NNS 51242 1098 9 by by IN 51242 1098 10 the the DT 51242 1098 11 India India NNP 51242 1098 12 Office Office NNP 51242 1098 13 and and CC 51242 1098 14 the the DT 51242 1098 15 Colonial Colonial NNP 51242 1098 16 Office Office NNP 51242 1098 17 , , , 51242 1098 18 on on IN 51242 1098 19 the the DT 51242 1098 20 ground ground NN 51242 1098 21 that that IN 51242 1098 22 a a DT 51242 1098 23 railway railway NN 51242 1098 24 which which WDT 51242 1098 25 required require VBD 51242 1098 26 only only RB 51242 1098 27 one one CD 51242 1098 28 rail rail NN 51242 1098 29 , , , 51242 1098 30 and and CC 51242 1098 31 was be VBD 51242 1098 32 more more RBR 51242 1098 33 or or CC 51242 1098 34 less less RBR 51242 1098 35 independent independent JJ 51242 1098 36 of of IN 51242 1098 37 both both DT 51242 1098 38 curves curve NNS 51242 1098 39 and and CC 51242 1098 40 gradients gradient NNS 51242 1098 41 , , , 51242 1098 42 would would MD 51242 1098 43 be be VB 51242 1098 44 of of IN 51242 1098 45 great great JJ 51242 1098 46 value value NN 51242 1098 47 in in IN 51242 1098 48 districts district NNS 51242 1098 49 where where WRB 51242 1098 50 the the DT 51242 1098 51 ordinary ordinary JJ 51242 1098 52 two two CD 51242 1098 53 - - HYPH 51242 1098 54 track track NN 51242 1098 55 railway railway NN 51242 1098 56 might may MD 51242 1098 57 be be VB 51242 1098 58 both both CC 51242 1098 59 inconvenient inconvenient JJ 51242 1098 60 and and CC 51242 1098 61 too too RB 51242 1098 62 costly costly JJ 51242 1098 63 . . . 51242 1099 1 One one CD 51242 1099 2 drawback drawback NN 51242 1099 3 to to IN 51242 1099 4 the the DT 51242 1099 5 arrangement arrangement NN 51242 1099 6 is be VBZ 51242 1099 7 the the DT 51242 1099 8 necessity necessity NN 51242 1099 9 of of IN 51242 1099 10 fitting fit VBG 51242 1099 11 each each DT 51242 1099 12 vehicle vehicle NN 51242 1099 13 with with IN 51242 1099 14 gyroscopes gyroscope NNS 51242 1099 15 , , , 51242 1099 16 which which WDT 51242 1099 17 are be VBP 51242 1099 18 expensive expensive JJ 51242 1099 19 and and CC 51242 1099 20 delicate delicate JJ 51242 1099 21 pieces piece NNS 51242 1099 22 of of IN 51242 1099 23 apparatus apparatus NN 51242 1099 24 . . . 51242 1100 1 But but CC 51242 1100 2 the the DT 51242 1100 3 ingenuity ingenuity NN 51242 1100 4 of of IN 51242 1100 5 the the DT 51242 1100 6 invention invention NN 51242 1100 7 is be VBZ 51242 1100 8 so so RB 51242 1100 9 great great JJ 51242 1100 10 that that IN 51242 1100 11 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1100 12 Brennan Brennan NNP 51242 1100 13 ought ought MD 51242 1100 14 to to TO 51242 1100 15 reap reap VB 51242 1100 16 the the DT 51242 1100 17 reward reward NN 51242 1100 18 of of IN 51242 1100 19 seeing see VBG 51242 1100 20 a a DT 51242 1100 21 gyroscopic gyroscopic JJ 51242 1100 22 railway railway NN 51242 1100 23 in in IN 51242 1100 24 full full JJ 51242 1100 25 operation operation NN 51242 1100 26 before before IN 51242 1100 27 long long RB 51242 1100 28 . . . 51242 1101 1 The the DT 51242 1101 2 only only JJ 51242 1101 3 electric electric JJ 51242 1101 4 mono mono JJ 51242 1101 5 - - HYPH 51242 1101 6 railway railway NN 51242 1101 7 actually actually RB 51242 1101 8 at at IN 51242 1101 9 work work NN 51242 1101 10 is be VBZ 51242 1101 11 the the DT 51242 1101 12 ' ' `` 51242 1101 13 hanging hanging NN 51242 1101 14 railway railway NN 51242 1101 15 ' ' '' 51242 1101 16 at at IN 51242 1101 17 Elberfeld Elberfeld NNP 51242 1101 18 in in IN 51242 1101 19 Germany Germany NNP 51242 1101 20 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1101 21 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1101 22 . . . 51242 1102 1 13 13 CD 51242 1102 2 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1102 3 . . . 51242 1103 1 This this DT 51242 1103 2 railway railway NN 51242 1103 3 is be VBZ 51242 1103 4 an an DT 51242 1103 5 evolution evolution NN 51242 1103 6 from from IN 51242 1103 7 the the DT 51242 1103 8 system system NN 51242 1103 9 of of IN 51242 1103 10 ' ' `` 51242 1103 11 telpherage telpherage NN 51242 1103 12 ' ' '' 51242 1103 13 which which WDT 51242 1103 14 was be VBD 51242 1103 15 devised devise VBN 51242 1103 16 in in IN 51242 1103 17 the the DT 51242 1103 18 very very JJ 51242 1103 19 infancy infancy NN 51242 1103 20 of of IN 51242 1103 21 electric electric JJ 51242 1103 22 traction traction NN 51242 1103 23 for for IN 51242 1103 24 the the DT 51242 1103 25 transport transport NN 51242 1103 26 of of IN 51242 1103 27 goods good NNS 51242 1103 28 . . . 51242 1104 1 The the DT 51242 1104 2 root root NN 51242 1104 3 idea idea NN 51242 1104 4 is be VBZ 51242 1104 5 to to TO 51242 1104 6 make make VB 51242 1104 7 the the DT 51242 1104 8 overhead overhead JJ 51242 1104 9 wire wire NN 51242 1104 10 carrying carry VBG 51242 1104 11 the the DT 51242 1104 12 current current JJ 51242 1104 13 the the DT 51242 1104 14 track track NN 51242 1104 15 rail rail NN 51242 1104 16 as as RB 51242 1104 17 well well RB 51242 1104 18 , , , 51242 1104 19 the the DT 51242 1104 20 whole whole JJ 51242 1104 21 contrivance contrivance NN 51242 1104 22 -- -- : 51242 1104 23 rails rail NNS 51242 1104 24 and and CC 51242 1104 25 cars car NNS 51242 1104 26 -- -- : 51242 1104 27 being be VBG 51242 1104 28 suspended suspend VBN 51242 1104 29 from from IN 51242 1104 30 girders girder NNS 51242 1104 31 or or CC 51242 1104 32 cables cable NNS 51242 1104 33 supported support VBN 51242 1104 34 by by IN 51242 1104 35 a a DT 51242 1104 36 series series NN 51242 1104 37 of of IN 51242 1104 38 standards standard NNS 51242 1104 39 or or CC 51242 1104 40 bridges bridge NNS 51242 1104 41 . . . 51242 1105 1 At at IN 51242 1105 2 Elberfeld Elberfeld NNP 51242 1105 3 the the DT 51242 1105 4 cars car NNS 51242 1105 5 pass pass VBP 51242 1105 6 over over RP 51242 1105 7 streets street NNS 51242 1105 8 and and CC 51242 1105 9 also also RB 51242 1105 10 over over IN 51242 1105 11 canals canal NNS 51242 1105 12 . . . 51242 1106 1 There there EX 51242 1106 2 are be VBP 51242 1106 3 no no DT 51242 1106 4 signs sign NNS 51242 1106 5 , , , 51242 1106 6 however however RB 51242 1106 7 , , , 51242 1106 8 that that IN 51242 1106 9 the the DT 51242 1106 10 ' ' `` 51242 1106 11 hanging hanging NN 51242 1106 12 railway railway NN 51242 1106 13 ' ' '' 51242 1106 14 will will MD 51242 1106 15 have have VB 51242 1106 16 any any DT 51242 1106 17 imitators imitator NNS 51242 1106 18 . . . 51242 1107 1 In in IN 51242 1107 2 appearance appearance NN 51242 1107 3 and and CC 51242 1107 4 in in IN 51242 1107 5 cost cost NN 51242 1107 6 of of IN 51242 1107 7 construction construction NN 51242 1107 8 and and CC 51242 1107 9 operation operation NN 51242 1107 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1107 11 does do VBZ 51242 1107 12 not not RB 51242 1107 13 seem seem VB 51242 1107 14 to to TO 51242 1107 15 have have VB 51242 1107 16 any any DT 51242 1107 17 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 51242 1107 18 advantages advantage NNS 51242 1107 19 over over IN 51242 1107 20 a a DT 51242 1107 21 double double JJ 51242 1107 22 - - HYPH 51242 1107 23 track track NN 51242 1107 24 overhead overhead JJ 51242 1107 25 railway railway NN 51242 1107 26 . . . 51242 1108 1 The the DT 51242 1108 2 system system NN 51242 1108 3 of of IN 51242 1108 4 telpherage telpherage NN 51242 1108 5 is be VBZ 51242 1108 6 therefore therefore RB 51242 1108 7 likely likely JJ 51242 1108 8 to to TO 51242 1108 9 be be VB 51242 1108 10 confined confine VBN 51242 1108 11 to to IN 51242 1108 12 the the DT 51242 1108 13 carriage carriage NN 51242 1108 14 of of IN 51242 1108 15 goods good NNS 51242 1108 16 from from IN 51242 1108 17 one one CD 51242 1108 18 part part NN 51242 1108 19 of of IN 51242 1108 20 a a DT 51242 1108 21 factory factory NN 51242 1108 22 to to IN 51242 1108 23 another another DT 51242 1108 24 , , , 51242 1108 25 and and CC 51242 1108 26 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1108 27 in in IN 51242 1108 28 the the DT 51242 1108 29 form form NN 51242 1108 30 of of IN 51242 1108 31 cable cable NN 51242 1108 32 - - HYPH 51242 1108 33 ways way NNS 51242 1108 34 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1108 35 to to IN 51242 1108 36 the the DT 51242 1108 37 handling handling NN 51242 1108 38 of of IN 51242 1108 39 materials material NNS 51242 1108 40 in in IN 51242 1108 41 mines mine NNS 51242 1108 42 and and CC 51242 1108 43 other other JJ 51242 1108 44 extensive extensive JJ 51242 1108 45 engineering engineering NN 51242 1108 46 works work NNS 51242 1108 47 . . . 51242 1109 1 For for IN 51242 1109 2 such such JJ 51242 1109 3 purposes purpose NNS 51242 1109 4 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1109 5 is be VBZ 51242 1109 6 having have VBG 51242 1109 7 an an DT 51242 1109 8 increasingly increasingly RB 51242 1109 9 extended extended JJ 51242 1109 10 application application NN 51242 1109 11 . . . 51242 1110 1 [ [ -LRB- 51242 1110 2 Illustration illustration NN 51242 1110 3 : : : 51242 1110 4 Fig Fig NNP 51242 1110 5 . . . 51242 1111 1 18 18 CD 51242 1111 2 . . . 51242 1112 1 The the DT 51242 1112 2 ' ' `` 51242 1112 3 Telpher Telpher NNP 51242 1112 4 ' ' '' 51242 1112 5 system system NN 51242 1112 6 of of IN 51242 1112 7 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1112 8 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 1112 9 adapted adapt VBN 51242 1112 10 to to IN 51242 1112 11 the the DT 51242 1112 12 transport transport NN 51242 1112 13 of of IN 51242 1112 14 materials material NNS 51242 1112 15 in in IN 51242 1112 16 a a DT 51242 1112 17 factory factory NN 51242 1112 18 . . . 51242 1113 1 The the DT 51242 1113 2 ' ' `` 51242 1113 3 car car NN 51242 1113 4 ' ' '' 51242 1113 5 is be VBZ 51242 1113 6 suspended suspend VBN 51242 1113 7 from from IN 51242 1113 8 a a DT 51242 1113 9 girder girder NN 51242 1113 10 and and CC 51242 1113 11 is be VBZ 51242 1113 12 operated operate VBN 51242 1113 13 by by IN 51242 1113 14 the the DT 51242 1113 15 driver driver NN 51242 1113 16 in in IN 51242 1113 17 the the DT 51242 1113 18 same same JJ 51242 1113 19 way way NN 51242 1113 20 as as IN 51242 1113 21 an an DT 51242 1113 22 electric electric JJ 51242 1113 23 car car NN 51242 1113 24 . . . 51242 1114 1 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1114 2 From from IN 51242 1114 3 _ _ NNP 51242 1114 4 Electrics Electrics NNP 51242 1114 5 _ _ NNP 51242 1114 6 . . . 51242 1114 7 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1114 8 ] ] -RRB- 51242 1115 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 51242 1115 2 XVI XVI NNP 51242 1115 3 THE the DT 51242 1115 4 FUTURE FUTURE NNP 51242 1115 5 Nothing nothing NN 51242 1115 6 irritates irritate VBZ 51242 1115 7 an an DT 51242 1115 8 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1115 9 engineer engineer NN 51242 1115 10 more more RBR 51242 1115 11 readily readily RB 51242 1115 12 than than IN 51242 1115 13 the the DT 51242 1115 14 repetition repetition NN 51242 1115 15 of of IN 51242 1115 16 the the DT 51242 1115 17 phrase phrase NN 51242 1115 18 , , , 51242 1115 19 ' ' `` 51242 1115 20 Electricity electricity NN 51242 1115 21 is be VBZ 51242 1115 22 in in IN 51242 1115 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1115 24 infancy infancy NN 51242 1115 25 . . . 51242 1115 26 ' ' '' 51242 1116 1 The the DT 51242 1116 2 words word NNS 51242 1116 3 have have VBP 51242 1116 4 been be VBN 51242 1116 5 used use VBN 51242 1116 6 by by IN 51242 1116 7 countless countless JJ 51242 1116 8 mayors mayor NNS 51242 1116 9 and and CC 51242 1116 10 aldermen alderman NNS 51242 1116 11 while while IN 51242 1116 12 ' ' `` 51242 1116 13 inaugurating inaugurate VBG 51242 1116 14 ' ' '' 51242 1116 15 tramway tramway NN 51242 1116 16 or or CC 51242 1116 17 electric electric JJ 51242 1116 18 lighting lighting NN 51242 1116 19 schemes scheme NNS 51242 1116 20 ; ; : 51242 1116 21 they -PRON- PRP 51242 1116 22 have have VBP 51242 1116 23 been be VBN 51242 1116 24 echoed echo VBN 51242 1116 25 by by IN 51242 1116 26 innumerable innumerable JJ 51242 1116 27 journalists journalist NNS 51242 1116 28 who who WP 51242 1116 29 persist persist VBP 51242 1116 30 in in IN 51242 1116 31 maintaining maintain VBG 51242 1116 32 a a DT 51242 1116 33 Jules Jules NNP 51242 1116 34 - - HYPH 51242 1116 35 Verne Verne NNP 51242 1116 36 attitude attitude NN 51242 1116 37 towards towards IN 51242 1116 38 the the DT 51242 1116 39 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1116 40 industry industry NN 51242 1116 41 . . . 51242 1117 1 And and CC 51242 1117 2 what what WP 51242 1117 3 disturbs disturb VBZ 51242 1117 4 the the DT 51242 1117 5 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1117 6 engineer engineer NN 51242 1117 7 is be VBZ 51242 1117 8 not not RB 51242 1117 9 only only RB 51242 1117 10 the the DT 51242 1117 11 banality banality NN 51242 1117 12 of of IN 51242 1117 13 the the DT 51242 1117 14 phrase phrase NN 51242 1117 15 but but CC 51242 1117 16 the the DT 51242 1117 17 use use NN 51242 1117 18 of of IN 51242 1117 19 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1117 20 as as IN 51242 1117 21 a a DT 51242 1117 22 comment comment NN 51242 1117 23 upon upon IN 51242 1117 24 the the DT 51242 1117 25 achievements achievement NNS 51242 1117 26 to to TO 51242 1117 27 which which WDT 51242 1117 28 he -PRON- PRP 51242 1117 29 has have VBZ 51242 1117 30 devoted devote VBN 51242 1117 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1117 32 life life NN 51242 1117 33 . . . 51242 1118 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 51242 1118 2 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1118 3 will will MD 51242 1118 4 be be VB 51242 1118 5 admitted admit VBN 51242 1118 6 , , , 51242 1118 7 from from IN 51242 1118 8 the the DT 51242 1118 9 rapid rapid JJ 51242 1118 10 survey survey NN 51242 1118 11 which which WDT 51242 1118 12 we -PRON- PRP 51242 1118 13 have have VBP 51242 1118 14 taken take VBN 51242 1118 15 of of IN 51242 1118 16 electric electric JJ 51242 1118 17 traction traction NN 51242 1118 18 , , , 51242 1118 19 that that IN 51242 1118 20 the the DT 51242 1118 21 potentialities potentiality NNS 51242 1118 22 of of IN 51242 1118 23 electricity electricity NN 51242 1118 24 in in IN 51242 1118 25 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 1118 26 make make VBP 51242 1118 27 an an DT 51242 1118 28 even even RB 51242 1118 29 stronger strong JJR 51242 1118 30 appeal appeal NN 51242 1118 31 than than IN 51242 1118 32 the the DT 51242 1118 33 actualities actuality NNS 51242 1118 34 . . . 51242 1119 1 Except except IN 51242 1119 2 in in IN 51242 1119 3 one one CD 51242 1119 4 field field NN 51242 1119 5 -- -- : 51242 1119 6 the the DT 51242 1119 7 tramway tramway JJ 51242 1119 8 field field NN 51242 1119 9 -- -- : 51242 1119 10 engineers engineer NNS 51242 1119 11 have have VBP 51242 1119 12 only only RB 51242 1119 13 touched touch VBN 51242 1119 14 the the DT 51242 1119 15 fringe fringe NN 51242 1119 16 of of IN 51242 1119 17 possible possible JJ 51242 1119 18 developments development NNS 51242 1119 19 in in IN 51242 1119 20 electric electric JJ 51242 1119 21 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 1119 22 . . . 51242 1120 1 Even even RB 51242 1120 2 in in IN 51242 1120 3 tramway tramway JJ 51242 1120 4 work work NN 51242 1120 5 we -PRON- PRP 51242 1120 6 may may MD 51242 1120 7 , , , 51242 1120 8 if if IN 51242 1120 9 legislative legislative JJ 51242 1120 10 conditions condition NNS 51242 1120 11 improve improve VBP 51242 1120 12 and and CC 51242 1120 13 if if IN 51242 1120 14 current current JJ 51242 1120 15 becomes become VBZ 51242 1120 16 much much RB 51242 1120 17 cheaper cheap JJR 51242 1120 18 , , , 51242 1120 19 see see VB 51242 1120 20 a a DT 51242 1120 21 considerable considerable JJ 51242 1120 22 development development NN 51242 1120 23 in in IN 51242 1120 24 passenger passenger NN 51242 1120 25 and and CC 51242 1120 26 also also RB 51242 1120 27 in in IN 51242 1120 28 agricultural agricultural JJ 51242 1120 29 lines line NNS 51242 1120 30 . . . 51242 1121 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB 51242 1121 2 the the DT 51242 1121 3 trolley trolley NN 51242 1121 4 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 1121 5 offers offer VBZ 51242 1121 6 a a DT 51242 1121 7 prospect prospect NN 51242 1121 8 of of IN 51242 1121 9 extension extension NN 51242 1121 10 in in IN 51242 1121 11 electric electric JJ 51242 1121 12 road road NN 51242 1121 13 traction traction NN 51242 1121 14 ; ; : 51242 1121 15 and and CC 51242 1121 16 there there EX 51242 1121 17 is be VBZ 51242 1121 18 a a DT 51242 1121 19 great great JJ 51242 1121 20 deal deal NN 51242 1121 21 yet yet RB 51242 1121 22 to to TO 51242 1121 23 be be VB 51242 1121 24 done do VBN 51242 1121 25 with with IN 51242 1121 26 petrol petrol NN 51242 1121 27 - - HYPH 51242 1121 28 electric electric JJ 51242 1121 29 vehicles vehicle NNS 51242 1121 30 and and CC 51242 1121 31 with with IN 51242 1121 32 electric electric JJ 51242 1121 33 automobiles automobile NNS 51242 1121 34 in in IN 51242 1121 35 certain certain JJ 51242 1121 36 classes class NNS 51242 1121 37 of of IN 51242 1121 38 transport transport NN 51242 1121 39 . . . 51242 1122 1 The the DT 51242 1122 2 great great JJ 51242 1122 3 field field NN 51242 1122 4 , , , 51242 1122 5 however however RB 51242 1122 6 , , , 51242 1122 7 lies lie VBZ 51242 1122 8 in in IN 51242 1122 9 railway railway NN 51242 1122 10 traction traction NN 51242 1122 11 . . . 51242 1123 1 There there EX 51242 1123 2 are be VBP 51242 1123 3 200 200 CD 51242 1123 4 miles mile NNS 51242 1123 5 of of IN 51242 1123 6 electric electric JJ 51242 1123 7 railway railway NN 51242 1123 8 in in IN 51242 1123 9 the the DT 51242 1123 10 United United NNP 51242 1123 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP 51242 1123 12 ; ; : 51242 1123 13 and and CC 51242 1123 14 there there EX 51242 1123 15 are be VBP 51242 1123 16 nearly nearly RB 51242 1123 17 13,000 13,000 CD 51242 1123 18 miles mile NNS 51242 1123 19 of of IN 51242 1123 20 steam steam NN 51242 1123 21 railway railway NN 51242 1123 22 . . . 51242 1124 1 Not not RB 51242 1124 2 even even RB 51242 1124 3 the the DT 51242 1124 4 most most RBS 51242 1124 5 sanguine sanguine JJ 51242 1124 6 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1124 7 missionary missionary NN 51242 1124 8 will will MD 51242 1124 9 believe believe VB 51242 1124 10 that that IN 51242 1124 11 this this DT 51242 1124 12 difference difference NN 51242 1124 13 can can MD 51242 1124 14 be be VB 51242 1124 15 materially materially RB 51242 1124 16 altered alter VBN 51242 1124 17 within within IN 51242 1124 18 the the DT 51242 1124 19 next next JJ 51242 1124 20 decade decade NN 51242 1124 21 , , , 51242 1124 22 but but CC 51242 1124 23 there there EX 51242 1124 24 is be VBZ 51242 1124 25 ample ample JJ 51242 1124 26 ground ground NN 51242 1124 27 for for IN 51242 1124 28 faith faith NN 51242 1124 29 in in IN 51242 1124 30 the the DT 51242 1124 31 steady steady JJ 51242 1124 32 increase increase NN 51242 1124 33 of of IN 51242 1124 34 the the DT 51242 1124 35 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1124 36 figure figure NN 51242 1124 37 . . . 51242 1125 1 If if IN 51242 1125 2 the the DT 51242 1125 3 advance advance NN 51242 1125 4 of of IN 51242 1125 5 electric electric JJ 51242 1125 6 traction traction NN 51242 1125 7 on on IN 51242 1125 8 railways railway NNS 51242 1125 9 must must MD 51242 1125 10 be be VB 51242 1125 11 slow slow JJ 51242 1125 12 , , , 51242 1125 13 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1125 14 is be VBZ 51242 1125 15 because because IN 51242 1125 16 financial financial JJ 51242 1125 17 and and CC 51242 1125 18 not not RB 51242 1125 19 engineering engineer VBG 51242 1125 20 considerations consideration NNS 51242 1125 21 govern govern VBP 51242 1125 22 the the DT 51242 1125 23 speed speed NN 51242 1125 24 of of IN 51242 1125 25 conversion conversion NN 51242 1125 26 . . . 51242 1126 1 No no DT 51242 1126 2 railway railway NN 51242 1126 3 company company NN 51242 1126 4 can can MD 51242 1126 5 take take VB 51242 1126 6 a a DT 51242 1126 7 step step NN 51242 1126 8 involving involve VBG 51242 1126 9 hundreds hundred NNS 51242 1126 10 of of IN 51242 1126 11 thousands thousand NNS 51242 1126 12 of of IN 51242 1126 13 pounds pound NNS 51242 1126 14 , , , 51242 1126 15 and and CC 51242 1126 16 a a DT 51242 1126 17 revolution revolution NN 51242 1126 18 in in IN 51242 1126 19 working work VBG 51242 1126 20 methods method NNS 51242 1126 21 , , , 51242 1126 22 without without IN 51242 1126 23 prolonged prolonged JJ 51242 1126 24 consideration consideration NN 51242 1126 25 and and CC 51242 1126 26 elaborate elaborate JJ 51242 1126 27 preparation preparation NN 51242 1126 28 . . . 51242 1127 1 On on IN 51242 1127 2 roads road NNS 51242 1127 3 , , , 51242 1127 4 on on IN 51242 1127 5 tramways tramway NNS 51242 1127 6 , , , 51242 1127 7 and and CC 51242 1127 8 on on IN 51242 1127 9 railroads railroad NNS 51242 1127 10 , , , 51242 1127 11 the the DT 51242 1127 12 future future NN 51242 1127 13 lies lie VBZ 51242 1127 14 with with IN 51242 1127 15 electricity electricity NN 51242 1127 16 -- -- : 51242 1127 17 wholly wholly RB 51242 1127 18 on on IN 51242 1127 19 railroads railroad NNS 51242 1127 20 and and CC 51242 1127 21 tramways tramway NNS 51242 1127 22 , , , 51242 1127 23 perhaps perhaps RB 51242 1127 24 not not RB 51242 1127 25 wholly wholly RB 51242 1127 26 on on IN 51242 1127 27 roads road NNS 51242 1127 28 . . . 51242 1128 1 There there EX 51242 1128 2 is be VBZ 51242 1128 3 scope scope NN 51242 1128 4 for for IN 51242 1128 5 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1128 6 also also RB 51242 1128 7 at at IN 51242 1128 8 sea sea NN 51242 1128 9 ; ; : 51242 1128 10 and and CC 51242 1128 11 if if IN 51242 1128 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1128 13 canals canal NNS 51242 1128 14 are be VBP 51242 1128 15 worth worth JJ 51242 1128 16 the the DT 51242 1128 17 cost cost NN 51242 1128 18 of of IN 51242 1128 19 reconstruction reconstruction NN 51242 1128 20 on on IN 51242 1128 21 modern modern JJ 51242 1128 22 lines line NNS 51242 1128 23 , , , 51242 1128 24 electric electric JJ 51242 1128 25 haulage haulage NN 51242 1128 26 will will MD 51242 1128 27 be be VB 51242 1128 28 used use VBN 51242 1128 29 there there RB 51242 1128 30 on on IN 51242 1128 31 the the DT 51242 1128 32 model model NN 51242 1128 33 of of IN 51242 1128 34 the the DT 51242 1128 35 canal canal NN 51242 1128 36 haulage haulage NN 51242 1128 37 installations installation NNS 51242 1128 38 which which WDT 51242 1128 39 exist exist VBP 51242 1128 40 here here RB 51242 1128 41 and and CC 51242 1128 42 there there RB 51242 1128 43 on on IN 51242 1128 44 the the DT 51242 1128 45 Continent continent NN 51242 1128 46 . . . 51242 1129 1 For for IN 51242 1129 2 marine marine JJ 51242 1129 3 work work NN 51242 1129 4 the the DT 51242 1129 5 advantages advantage NNS 51242 1129 6 of of IN 51242 1129 7 electricity electricity NN 51242 1129 8 have have VBP 51242 1129 9 yet yet RB 51242 1129 10 to to TO 51242 1129 11 be be VB 51242 1129 12 confirmed confirm VBN 51242 1129 13 by by IN 51242 1129 14 practical practical JJ 51242 1129 15 experience experience NN 51242 1129 16 ; ; , 51242 1129 17 but but CC 51242 1129 18 on on IN 51242 1129 19 land land NN 51242 1129 20 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1129 21 has have VBZ 51242 1129 22 already already RB 51242 1129 23 proved prove VBN 51242 1129 24 that that IN 51242 1129 25 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1129 26 supplies supply VBZ 51242 1129 27 a a DT 51242 1129 28 means means NN 51242 1129 29 of of IN 51242 1129 30 locomotion locomotion NN 51242 1129 31 which which WDT 51242 1129 32 is be VBZ 51242 1129 33 more more RBR 51242 1129 34 efficient efficient JJ 51242 1129 35 , , , 51242 1129 36 cleaner clean JJR 51242 1129 37 and and CC 51242 1129 38 more more RBR 51242 1129 39 attractive attractive JJ 51242 1129 40 , , , 51242 1129 41 and and CC 51242 1129 42 more more RBR 51242 1129 43 closely closely RB 51242 1129 44 adapted adapt VBN 51242 1129 45 to to IN 51242 1129 46 the the DT 51242 1129 47 needs need NNS 51242 1129 48 and and CC 51242 1129 49 distribution distribution NN 51242 1129 50 of of IN 51242 1129 51 modern modern JJ 51242 1129 52 population population NN 51242 1129 53 than than IN 51242 1129 54 any any DT 51242 1129 55 other other JJ 51242 1129 56 . . . 51242 1130 1 The the DT 51242 1130 2 fashion fashion NN 51242 1130 3 for for IN 51242 1130 4 devising devise VBG 51242 1130 5 Utopias Utopias NNP 51242 1130 6 is be VBZ 51242 1130 7 not not RB 51242 1130 8 so so RB 51242 1130 9 popular popular JJ 51242 1130 10 as as IN 51242 1130 11 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1130 12 used use VBD 51242 1130 13 to to TO 51242 1130 14 be be VB 51242 1130 15 , , , 51242 1130 16 but but CC 51242 1130 17 in in IN 51242 1130 18 every every DT 51242 1130 19 ideal ideal JJ 51242 1130 20 world world NN 51242 1130 21 which which WDT 51242 1130 22 is be VBZ 51242 1130 23 more more JJR 51242 1130 24 than than IN 51242 1130 25 a a DT 51242 1130 26 spiritual spiritual JJ 51242 1130 27 vision vision NN 51242 1130 28 , , , 51242 1130 29 and and CC 51242 1130 30 in in IN 51242 1130 31 every every DT 51242 1130 32 intelligent intelligent JJ 51242 1130 33 forecast forecast NN 51242 1130 34 of of IN 51242 1130 35 an an DT 51242 1130 36 advanced advanced JJ 51242 1130 37 civilisation civilisation NN 51242 1130 38 , , , 51242 1130 39 universal universal JJ 51242 1130 40 electric electric JJ 51242 1130 41 transport transport NN 51242 1130 42 is be VBZ 51242 1130 43 taken take VBN 51242 1130 44 for for IN 51242 1130 45 granted grant VBN 51242 1130 46 . . . 51242 1131 1 Electrical electrical JJ 51242 1131 2 engineers engineer NNS 51242 1131 3 are be VBP 51242 1131 4 ready ready JJ 51242 1131 5 to to TO 51242 1131 6 prove prove VB 51242 1131 7 that that IN 51242 1131 8 this this DT 51242 1131 9 standard standard JJ 51242 1131 10 element element NN 51242 1131 11 in in IN 51242 1131 12 Utopia Utopia NNP 51242 1131 13 is be VBZ 51242 1131 14 available available JJ 51242 1131 15 at at IN 51242 1131 16 the the DT 51242 1131 17 present present JJ 51242 1131 18 day day NN 51242 1131 19 on on IN 51242 1131 20 the the DT 51242 1131 21 basis basis NN 51242 1131 22 which which WDT 51242 1131 23 is be VBZ 51242 1131 24 the the DT 51242 1131 25 ultimate ultimate JJ 51242 1131 26 justification justification NN 51242 1131 27 of of IN 51242 1131 28 all all DT 51242 1131 29 engineering engineering NN 51242 1131 30 projects project NNS 51242 1131 31 in in IN 51242 1131 32 this this DT 51242 1131 33 workaday workaday NNP 51242 1131 34 world world NN 51242 1131 35 -- -- : 51242 1131 36 the the DT 51242 1131 37 basis basis NN 51242 1131 38 of of IN 51242 1131 39 profit profit NN 51242 1131 40 . . . 51242 1132 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1132 2 confidence confidence NN 51242 1132 3 will will MD 51242 1132 4 be be VB 51242 1132 5 intensified intensify VBN 51242 1132 6 when when WRB 51242 1132 7 we -PRON- PRP 51242 1132 8 approach approach VBP 51242 1132 9 the the DT 51242 1132 10 ' ' `` 51242 1132 11 all all DT 51242 1132 12 - - HYPH 51242 1132 13 electric electric JJ 51242 1132 14 ' ' '' 51242 1132 15 age age NN 51242 1132 16 prophesied prophesy VBN 51242 1132 17 by by IN 51242 1132 18 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1132 19 Ferranti Ferranti NNP 51242 1132 20 in in IN 51242 1132 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1132 22 Presidential Presidential NNP 51242 1132 23 Address Address NNP 51242 1132 24 to to IN 51242 1132 25 the the DT 51242 1132 26 Institution Institution NNP 51242 1132 27 of of IN 51242 1132 28 Electrical Electrical NNP 51242 1132 29 Engineers Engineers NNPS 51242 1132 30 in in IN 51242 1132 31 1910 1910 CD 51242 1132 32 . . . 51242 1133 1 Mr Mr NNP 51242 1133 2 Ferranti Ferranti NNP 51242 1133 3 looks look VBZ 51242 1133 4 forward forward RB 51242 1133 5 to to IN 51242 1133 6 a a DT 51242 1133 7 national national JJ 51242 1133 8 scheme scheme NN 51242 1133 9 for for IN 51242 1133 10 the the DT 51242 1133 11 supply supply NN 51242 1133 12 and and CC 51242 1133 13 distribution distribution NN 51242 1133 14 of of IN 51242 1133 15 electric electric JJ 51242 1133 16 power power NN 51242 1133 17 . . . 51242 1134 1 Under under IN 51242 1134 2 this this DT 51242 1134 3 scheme scheme NN 51242 1134 4 , , , 51242 1134 5 the the DT 51242 1134 6 production production NN 51242 1134 7 of of IN 51242 1134 8 electricity electricity NN 51242 1134 9 would would MD 51242 1134 10 be be VB 51242 1134 11 concentrated concentrate VBN 51242 1134 12 in in IN 51242 1134 13 one one CD 51242 1134 14 hundred hundred CD 51242 1134 15 huge huge JJ 51242 1134 16 power power NN 51242 1134 17 stations station NNS 51242 1134 18 , , , 51242 1134 19 using use VBG 51242 1134 20 engines engine NNS 51242 1134 21 of of IN 51242 1134 22 enormous enormous JJ 51242 1134 23 capacity capacity NN 51242 1134 24 and and CC 51242 1134 25 acting acting NN 51242 1134 26 as as IN 51242 1134 27 wholesale wholesale JJ 51242 1134 28 suppliers supplier NNS 51242 1134 29 of of IN 51242 1134 30 electrical electrical JJ 51242 1134 31 energy energy NN 51242 1134 32 to to IN 51242 1134 33 towns town NNS 51242 1134 34 , , , 51242 1134 35 railways railway NNS 51242 1134 36 , , , 51242 1134 37 tramways tramway NNS 51242 1134 38 , , , 51242 1134 39 and and CC 51242 1134 40 factories factory NNS 51242 1134 41 . . . 51242 1135 1 The the DT 51242 1135 2 price price NN 51242 1135 3 of of IN 51242 1135 4 electricity electricity NN 51242 1135 5 would would MD 51242 1135 6 then then RB 51242 1135 7 be be VB 51242 1135 8 a a DT 51242 1135 9 fraction fraction NN 51242 1135 10 of of IN 51242 1135 11 what what WP 51242 1135 12 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1135 13 is be VBZ 51242 1135 14 now now RB 51242 1135 15 ; ; : 51242 1135 16 and and CC 51242 1135 17 all all PDT 51242 1135 18 the the DT 51242 1135 19 economies economy NNS 51242 1135 20 of of IN 51242 1135 21 electricity electricity NN 51242 1135 22 in in IN 51242 1135 23 action action NN 51242 1135 24 would would MD 51242 1135 25 be be VB 51242 1135 26 multiplied multiply VBN 51242 1135 27 accordingly accordingly RB 51242 1135 28 . . . 51242 1136 1 Technically technically RB 51242 1136 2 , , , 51242 1136 3 the the DT 51242 1136 4 scheme scheme NN 51242 1136 5 is be VBZ 51242 1136 6 quite quite RB 51242 1136 7 feasible feasible JJ 51242 1136 8 ; ; : 51242 1136 9 and and CC 51242 1136 10 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1136 11 could could MD 51242 1136 12 be be VB 51242 1136 13 realised realise VBN 51242 1136 14 in in IN 51242 1136 15 the the DT 51242 1136 16 near near JJ 51242 1136 17 future future NN 51242 1136 18 if if IN 51242 1136 19 capitalists capitalist NNS 51242 1136 20 and and CC 51242 1136 21 the the DT 51242 1136 22 Government Government NNP 51242 1136 23 could could MD 51242 1136 24 be be VB 51242 1136 25 brought bring VBN 51242 1136 26 to to TO 51242 1136 27 appreciate appreciate VB 51242 1136 28 the the DT 51242 1136 29 tremendous tremendous JJ 51242 1136 30 stimulus stimulus NN 51242 1136 31 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1136 32 would would MD 51242 1136 33 offer offer VB 51242 1136 34 to to IN 51242 1136 35 industrial industrial JJ 51242 1136 36 activity activity NN 51242 1136 37 and and CC 51242 1136 38 the the DT 51242 1136 39 effect effect NN 51242 1136 40 it -PRON- PRP 51242 1136 41 would would MD 51242 1136 42 have have VB 51242 1136 43 in in IN 51242 1136 44 conserving conserve VBG 51242 1136 45 the the DT 51242 1136 46 power power NN 51242 1136 47 which which WDT 51242 1136 48 is be VBZ 51242 1136 49 latent latent NN 51242 1136 50 in in IN 51242 1136 51 our -PRON- PRP$ 51242 1136 52 coal coal NN 51242 1136 53 measures measure NNS 51242 1136 54 . . . 51242 1137 1 INDEX INDEX NNP 51242 1137 2 Acceleration Acceleration NNP 51242 1137 3 , , , 51242 1137 4 23 23 CD 51242 1137 5 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 6 et et NNP 51242 1137 7 seq seq NN 51242 1137 8 . . . 51242 1137 9 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 10 on on IN 51242 1137 11 electric electric JJ 51242 1137 12 railways railway NNS 51242 1137 13 , , , 51242 1137 14 107 107 CD 51242 1137 15 , , , 51242 1137 16 110 110 CD 51242 1137 17 Accumulators accumulator NNS 51242 1137 18 , , , 51242 1137 19 70 70 CD 51242 1137 20 on on IN 51242 1137 21 air air NN 51242 1137 22 ships ship NNS 51242 1137 23 , , , 51242 1137 24 90 90 CD 51242 1137 25 on on IN 51242 1137 26 ships ship NNS 51242 1137 27 , , , 51242 1137 28 90 90 CD 51242 1137 29 Aeroplanes aeroplane NNS 51242 1137 30 , , , 51242 1137 31 90 90 CD 51242 1137 32 Alternating alternate VBG 51242 1137 33 current current NN 51242 1137 34 , , , 51242 1137 35 30 30 CD 51242 1137 36 , , , 51242 1137 37 115 115 CD 51242 1137 38 Automixte Automixte NNP 51242 1137 39 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1137 40 petrol petrol NN 51242 1137 41 - - HYPH 51242 1137 42 electric electric JJ 51242 1137 43 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1137 44 , , , 51242 1137 45 85 85 CD 51242 1137 46 Automobiles automobile NNS 51242 1137 47 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1137 48 electric electric JJ 51242 1137 49 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1137 50 , , , 51242 1137 51 70 70 CD 51242 1137 52 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 53 et et NNP 51242 1137 54 seq seq NN 51242 1137 55 . . . 51242 1137 56 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 57 advantages advantage NNS 51242 1137 58 of of IN 51242 1137 59 , , , 51242 1137 60 80 80 CD 51242 1137 61 hiring hiring NN 51242 1137 62 of of IN 51242 1137 63 , , , 51242 1137 64 75 75 CD 51242 1137 65 in in IN 51242 1137 66 United United NNP 51242 1137 67 States States NNP 51242 1137 68 , , , 51242 1137 69 79 79 CD 51242 1137 70 Batteries Batteries NNPS 51242 1137 71 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1137 72 electric electric JJ 51242 1137 73 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1137 74 , , , 51242 1137 75 13 13 CD 51242 1137 76 Behr Behr NNP 51242 1137 77 , , , 51242 1137 78 F. F. NNP 51242 1137 79 B. B. NNP 51242 1137 80 , , , 51242 1137 81 131 131 CD 51242 1137 82 Blackpool Blackpool NNP 51242 1137 83 , , , 51242 1137 84 37 37 CD 51242 1137 85 Bournemouth Bournemouth NNP 51242 1137 86 , , , 51242 1137 87 38 38 CD 51242 1137 88 Braking braking NN 51242 1137 89 , , , 51242 1137 90 67 67 CD 51242 1137 91 Brennan Brennan NNP 51242 1137 92 , , , 51242 1137 93 L. L. NNP 51242 1137 94 , , , 51242 1137 95 132 132 CD 51242 1137 96 , , , 51242 1137 97 134 134 CD 51242 1137 98 Brighton Brighton NNP 51242 1137 99 line line NN 51242 1137 100 electrification electrification NN 51242 1137 101 , , , 51242 1137 102 117 117 CD 51242 1137 103 Broadbent Broadbent NNP 51242 1137 104 , , , 51242 1137 105 F. F. NNP 51242 1137 106 , , , 51242 1137 107 vii vii NN 51242 1137 108 , , , 51242 1137 109 116 116 CD 51242 1137 110 Brunel Brunel NNP 51242 1137 111 , , , 51242 1137 112 8 8 CD 51242 1137 113 , , , 51242 1137 114 11 11 CD 51242 1137 115 , , , 51242 1137 116 17 17 CD 51242 1137 117 Cab Cab NNP 51242 1137 118 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1137 119 electric electric JJ 51242 1137 120 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1137 121 , , , 51242 1137 122 78 78 CD 51242 1137 123 City City NNP 51242 1137 124 and and CC 51242 1137 125 South South NNP 51242 1137 126 London London NNP 51242 1137 127 Railway Railway NNP 51242 1137 128 , , , 51242 1137 129 97 97 CD 51242 1137 130 Conduit conduit NN 51242 1137 131 system system NN 51242 1137 132 , , , 51242 1137 133 28 28 CD 51242 1137 134 , , , 51242 1137 135 37 37 CD 51242 1137 136 , , , 51242 1137 137 126 126 CD 51242 1137 138 Continuous continuous JJ 51242 1137 139 current current NN 51242 1137 140 , , , 51242 1137 141 116 116 CD 51242 1137 142 District District NNP 51242 1137 143 Railway Railway NNP 51242 1137 144 , , , 51242 1137 145 103 103 CD 51242 1137 146 , , , 51242 1137 147 119 119 CD 51242 1137 148 Durtnall Durtnall NNP 51242 1137 149 , , , 51242 1137 150 W. W. NNP 51242 1137 151 P. P. NNP 51242 1137 152 , , , 51242 1137 153 88 88 CD 51242 1137 154 Dynamo Dynamo NNP 51242 1137 155 , , , 51242 1137 156 13 13 CD 51242 1137 157 reversibility reversibility NN 51242 1137 158 of of IN 51242 1137 159 , , , 51242 1137 160 15 15 CD 51242 1137 161 , , , 51242 1137 162 67 67 CD 51242 1137 163 Elberfeld Elberfeld NNP 51242 1137 164 - - HYPH 51242 1137 165 Barmen Barmen NNP 51242 1137 166 Railway Railway NNP 51242 1137 167 , , , 51242 1137 168 125 125 CD 51242 1137 169 , , , 51242 1137 170 135 135 CD 51242 1137 171 Electric electric JJ 51242 1137 172 traction traction NN 51242 1137 173 advantages advantage NNS 51242 1137 174 of of IN 51242 1137 175 , , , 51242 1137 176 19 19 CD 51242 1137 177 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 178 et et NNP 51242 1137 179 seq seq NN 51242 1137 180 . . . 51242 1137 181 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 182 automobiles automobile NNS 51242 1137 183 , , , 51242 1137 184 70 70 CD 51242 1137 185 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 186 et et NNP 51242 1137 187 seq seq NN 51242 1137 188 . . . 51242 1137 189 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 190 backwardness backwardness NN 51242 1137 191 of of IN 51242 1137 192 , , , 51242 1137 193 46 46 CD 51242 1137 194 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 195 et et NNP 51242 1137 196 seq seq NN 51242 1137 197 . . . 51242 1137 198 _ _ NNP 51242 1137 199 on on IN 51242 1137 200 main main JJ 51242 1137 201 line line NN 51242 1137 202 railways railway NNS 51242 1137 203 , , , 51242 1137 204 116 116 CD 51242 1137 205 , , , 51242 1137 206 122 122 CD 51242 1137 207 Faraday Faraday NNP 51242 1137 208 , , , 51242 1137 209 13 13 CD 51242 1137 210 Ferranti Ferranti NNP 51242 1137 211 , , , 51242 1137 212 140 140 CD 51242 1137 213 Fischer Fischer NNP 51242 1137 214 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1137 215 petrol petrol NN 51242 1137 216 - - HYPH 51242 1137 217 electric electric JJ 51242 1137 218 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1137 219 , , , 51242 1137 220 85 85 CD 51242 1137 221 Giant Giant NNP 51242 1137 222 's 's POS 51242 1137 223 Causeway Causeway NNP 51242 1137 224 , , , 51242 1137 225 93 93 CD 51242 1137 226 Griffiths Griffiths NNP 51242 1137 227 - - HYPH 51242 1137 228 Bedell Bedell NNP 51242 1137 229 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1137 230 G G NNP 51242 1137 231 - - HYPH 51242 1137 232 B. B. NNP 51242 1137 233 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 1 system system NN 51242 1138 2 , , , 51242 1138 3 44 44 CD 51242 1138 4 Gyroscopic Gyroscopic NNP 51242 1138 5 railways railway NNS 51242 1138 6 , , , 51242 1138 7 132 132 CD 51242 1138 8 Hanging hanging NN 51242 1138 9 railway railway NN 51242 1138 10 , , , 51242 1138 11 125 125 CD 51242 1138 12 , , , 51242 1138 13 135 135 CD 51242 1138 14 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1138 15 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1138 16 , , , 51242 1138 17 128 128 CD 51242 1138 18 Kearney Kearney NNP 51242 1138 19 , , , 51242 1138 20 E. E. NNP 51242 1138 21 W. W. NNP 51242 1138 22 C. C. NNP 51242 1138 23 , , , 51242 1138 24 133 133 CD 51242 1138 25 Launches Launches NNP 51242 1138 26 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 27 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 28 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 29 , , , 51242 1138 30 73 73 CD 51242 1138 31 Light Light NNP 51242 1138 32 Railways Railways NNPS 51242 1138 33 Act Act NNP 51242 1138 34 , , , 51242 1138 35 58 58 CD 51242 1138 36 Liverpool Liverpool NNP 51242 1138 37 Overhead Overhead NNP 51242 1138 38 Railway Railway NNP 51242 1138 39 , , , 51242 1138 40 97 97 CD 51242 1138 41 , , , 51242 1138 42 111 111 CD 51242 1138 43 Locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1138 44 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 45 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 46 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 47 , , , 51242 1138 48 12 12 CD 51242 1138 49 , , , 51242 1138 50 97 97 CD 51242 1138 51 , , , 51242 1138 52 108 108 CD 51242 1138 53 Heilmann Heilmann NNP 51242 1138 54 , , , 51242 1138 55 128 128 CD 51242 1138 56 turbo turbo NN 51242 1138 57 - - HYPH 51242 1138 58 electric electric NNP 51242 1138 59 , , , 51242 1138 60 129 129 CD 51242 1138 61 London London NNP 51242 1138 62 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 63 cabs cab NNS 51242 1138 64 in in IN 51242 1138 65 , , , 51242 1138 66 79 79 CD 51242 1138 67 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 68 railways railway NNS 51242 1138 69 in in IN 51242 1138 70 , , , 51242 1138 71 97 97 CD 51242 1138 72 , , , 51242 1138 73 103 103 CD 51242 1138 74 tramways tramway NNS 51242 1138 75 in in RB 51242 1138 76 , , , 51242 1138 77 39 39 CD 51242 1138 78 , , , 51242 1138 79 53 53 CD 51242 1138 80 Lorain lorain NN 51242 1138 81 system system NN 51242 1138 82 , , , 51242 1138 83 44 44 CD 51242 1138 84 Lyttelton Lyttelton NNP 51242 1138 85 , , , 51242 1138 86 A. a. NN 51242 1138 87 , , , 51242 1138 88 119 119 CD 51242 1138 89 Marylebone Marylebone NNP 51242 1138 90 , , , 51242 1138 91 81 81 CD 51242 1138 92 Mavor Mavor NNP 51242 1138 93 , , , 51242 1138 94 H. H. NNP 51242 1138 95 , , , 51242 1138 96 88 88 CD 51242 1138 97 Mersey mersey NN 51242 1138 98 railway railway NN 51242 1138 99 , , , 51242 1138 100 97 97 CD 51242 1138 101 Mono Mono NNP 51242 1138 102 - - HYPH 51242 1138 103 railways railway NNS 51242 1138 104 , , , 51242 1138 105 131 131 CD 51242 1138 106 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 107 et et NNP 51242 1138 108 seq seq NN 51242 1138 109 . . . 51242 1138 110 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 111 gyroscopic gyroscopic NNP 51242 1138 112 , , , 51242 1138 113 132 132 CD 51242 1138 114 Motor Motor NNP 51242 1138 115 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 116 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 117 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 118 , , , 51242 1138 119 14 14 CD 51242 1138 120 Multiple multiple JJ 51242 1138 121 - - HYPH 51242 1138 122 unit unit NN 51242 1138 123 system system NN 51242 1138 124 , , , 51242 1138 125 99 99 CD 51242 1138 126 , , , 51242 1138 127 108 108 CD 51242 1138 128 Omnibus Omnibus NNP 51242 1138 129 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 130 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 131 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 132 , , , 51242 1138 133 77 77 CD 51242 1138 134 petrol petrol NN 51242 1138 135 - - HYPH 51242 1138 136 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 137 , , , 51242 1138 138 83 83 CD 51242 1138 139 Overhead Overhead NNP 51242 1138 140 system system NN 51242 1138 141 , , , 51242 1138 142 17 17 CD 51242 1138 143 , , , 51242 1138 144 128 128 CD 51242 1138 145 ' ' `` 51242 1138 146 Paragon Paragon NNP 51242 1138 147 ' ' '' 51242 1138 148 system system NN 51242 1138 149 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 150 ship ship NN 51242 1138 151 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 1138 152 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 153 , , , 51242 1138 154 87 87 CD 51242 1138 155 Petrol Petrol NNP 51242 1138 156 - - HYPH 51242 1138 157 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 158 system system NN 51242 1138 159 , , , 51242 1138 160 82 82 CD 51242 1138 161 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 162 et et NNP 51242 1138 163 seq seq NN 51242 1138 164 . . . 51242 1138 165 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 166 Provisional Provisional NNP 51242 1138 167 Orders Orders NNPS 51242 1138 168 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 169 Tramways Tramways NNP 51242 1138 170 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 171 , , , 51242 1138 172 48 48 CD 51242 1138 173 Railless railless NN 51242 1138 174 traction traction NN 51242 1138 175 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 176 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 177 see see NN 51242 1138 178 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 179 trolley trolley NN 51242 1138 180 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 1138 181 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 182 Railways railway NNS 51242 1138 183 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 51242 1138 184 , , , 51242 1138 185 7 7 CD 51242 1138 186 cheap cheap JJ 51242 1138 187 power power NN 51242 1138 188 for for IN 51242 1138 189 , , , 51242 1138 190 113 113 CD 51242 1138 191 experimental experimental JJ 51242 1138 192 electric electric NN 51242 1138 193 , , , 51242 1138 194 16 16 CD 51242 1138 195 finance finance NN 51242 1138 196 of of IN 51242 1138 197 , , , 51242 1138 198 100 100 CD 51242 1138 199 opposition opposition NN 51242 1138 200 to to IN 51242 1138 201 , , , 51242 1138 202 6 6 CD 51242 1138 203 pioneer pioneer NN 51242 1138 204 electric electric NNP 51242 1138 205 , , , 51242 1138 206 92 92 CD 51242 1138 207 , , , 51242 1138 208 96 96 CD 51242 1138 209 rope rope NN 51242 1138 210 , , , 51242 1138 211 7 7 CD 51242 1138 212 Raworth Raworth NNP 51242 1138 213 , , , 51242 1138 214 J. J. NNP 51242 1138 215 S. S. NNP 51242 1138 216 , , , 51242 1138 217 68 68 CD 51242 1138 218 Regenerative regenerative JJ 51242 1138 219 control control NN 51242 1138 220 , , , 51242 1138 221 67 67 CD 51242 1138 222 Series series NN 51242 1138 223 - - HYPH 51242 1138 224 parallel parallel JJ 51242 1138 225 system system NN 51242 1138 226 , , , 51242 1138 227 32 32 CD 51242 1138 228 , , , 51242 1138 229 115 115 CD 51242 1138 230 Ship Ship NNP 51242 1138 231 propulsion propulsion NN 51242 1138 232 , , , 51242 1138 233 88 88 CD 51242 1138 234 Siemens Siemens NNP 51242 1138 235 , , , 51242 1138 236 vii vii NN 51242 1138 237 , , , 51242 1138 238 14 14 CD 51242 1138 239 , , , 51242 1138 240 16 16 CD 51242 1138 241 , , , 51242 1138 242 114 114 CD 51242 1138 243 Signalling signalling NN 51242 1138 244 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 245 automatic automatic JJ 51242 1138 246 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 247 , , , 51242 1138 248 112 112 CD 51242 1138 249 Single single JJ 51242 1138 250 - - HYPH 51242 1138 251 phase phase NN 51242 1138 252 system system NN 51242 1138 253 , , , 51242 1138 254 120 120 CD 51242 1138 255 Starting start VBG 51242 1138 256 torque torque NN 51242 1138 257 , , , 51242 1138 258 23 23 CD 51242 1138 259 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 260 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 261 see see NN 51242 1138 262 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 263 also also RB 51242 1138 264 acceleration acceleration NN 51242 1138 265 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 266 Stephenson Stephenson NNP 51242 1138 267 , , , 51242 1138 268 vii vii NN 51242 1138 269 , , , 51242 1138 270 5 5 CD 51242 1138 271 , , , 51242 1138 272 9 9 CD 51242 1138 273 Storage storage NN 51242 1138 274 batteries battery NNS 51242 1138 275 , , , 51242 1138 276 70 70 CD 51242 1138 277 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 278 et et NNP 51242 1138 279 seq seq NN 51242 1138 280 . . . 51242 1138 281 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 282 ' ' `` 51242 1138 283 Stud Stud NNP 51242 1138 284 ' ' '' 51242 1138 285 system system NN 51242 1138 286 , , , 51242 1138 287 42 42 CD 51242 1138 288 Telpher Telpher NNP 51242 1138 289 system system NN 51242 1138 290 , , , 51242 1138 291 136 136 CD 51242 1138 292 Third third JJ 51242 1138 293 rail rail NN 51242 1138 294 , , , 51242 1138 295 16 16 CD 51242 1138 296 Three three CD 51242 1138 297 - - HYPH 51242 1138 298 phase phase NN 51242 1138 299 system system NN 51242 1138 300 , , , 51242 1138 301 118 118 CD 51242 1138 302 Torquay Torquay NNP 51242 1138 303 , , , 51242 1138 304 44 44 CD 51242 1138 305 Trackless trackless NN 51242 1138 306 trolley trolley NN 51242 1138 307 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 308 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 309 see see VBP 51242 1138 310 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 311 trolley trolley NN 51242 1138 312 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 1138 313 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 314 Trailers trailer NNS 51242 1138 315 , , , 51242 1138 316 26 26 CD 51242 1138 317 Tramcars tramcar NNS 51242 1138 318 equipment equipment NN 51242 1138 319 of of IN 51242 1138 320 , , , 51242 1138 321 31 31 CD 51242 1138 322 Tramroads tramroad NNS 51242 1138 323 early early RB 51242 1138 324 , , , 51242 1138 325 4 4 CD 51242 1138 326 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 1138 327 accumulators accumulator NNS 51242 1138 328 on on IN 51242 1138 329 , , , 51242 1138 330 20 20 CD 51242 1138 331 conduit conduit NN 51242 1138 332 , , , 51242 1138 333 28 28 CD 51242 1138 334 , , , 51242 1138 335 37 37 CD 51242 1138 336 , , , 51242 1138 337 126 126 CD 51242 1138 338 cost cost NN 51242 1138 339 of of IN 51242 1138 340 , , , 51242 1138 341 53 53 CD 51242 1138 342 generating generate VBG 51242 1138 343 equipment equipment NN 51242 1138 344 for for IN 51242 1138 345 , , , 51242 1138 346 22 22 CD 51242 1138 347 inter inter JJ 51242 1138 348 - - JJ 51242 1138 349 urban urban JJ 51242 1138 350 , , , 51242 1138 351 50 50 CD 51242 1138 352 legislation legislation NN 51242 1138 353 for for IN 51242 1138 354 , , , 51242 1138 355 47 47 CD 51242 1138 356 municipal municipal JJ 51242 1138 357 , , , 51242 1138 358 49 49 CD 51242 1138 359 overhead overhead JJ 51242 1138 360 system system NN 51242 1138 361 on on IN 51242 1138 362 , , , 51242 1138 363 17 17 CD 51242 1138 364 , , , 51242 1138 365 128 128 CD 51242 1138 366 statistics statistic NNS 51242 1138 367 , , , 51242 1138 368 27 27 CD 51242 1138 369 , , , 51242 1138 370 28 28 CD 51242 1138 371 surface surface NN 51242 1138 372 - - HYPH 51242 1138 373 contact contact NN 51242 1138 374 , , , 51242 1138 375 28 28 CD 51242 1138 376 , , , 51242 1138 377 42 42 CD 51242 1138 378 Tramways Tramways NNPS 51242 1138 379 Act Act NNP 51242 1138 380 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 381 1870 1870 CD 51242 1138 382 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 383 , , , 51242 1138 384 95 95 CD 51242 1138 385 Trolley Trolley NNP 51242 1138 386 omnibus omnibus NN 51242 1138 387 , , , 51242 1138 388 56 56 CD 51242 1138 389 , , , 51242 1138 390 60 60 CD 51242 1138 391 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 392 et et NNP 51242 1138 393 seq seq NN 51242 1138 394 . . . 51242 1138 395 _ _ XX 51242 1138 396 in in IN 51242 1138 397 relation relation NN 51242 1138 398 to to IN 51242 1138 399 tramways tramway NNS 51242 1138 400 , , , 51242 1138 401 65 65 CD 51242 1138 402 Trolley trolley NN 51242 1138 403 system system NN 51242 1138 404 17 17 CD 51242 1138 405 , , , 51242 1138 406 29 29 CD 51242 1138 407 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 408 et et NNP 51242 1138 409 seq seq NN 51242 1138 410 . . . 51242 1138 411 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 412 bow bow NNP 51242 1138 413 , , , 51242 1138 414 31 31 CD 51242 1138 415 Tube Tube NNP 51242 1138 416 railways railway NNS 51242 1138 417 , , , 51242 1138 418 97 97 CD 51242 1138 419 Turbo turbo NN 51242 1138 420 - - HYPH 51242 1138 421 electric electric NN 51242 1138 422 locomotive locomotive JJ 51242 1138 423 , , , 51242 1138 424 129 129 CD 51242 1138 425 Veto Veto NNP 51242 1138 426 ( ( -LRB- 51242 1138 427 tramway tramway NN 51242 1138 428 ) ) -RRB- 51242 1138 429 , , , 51242 1138 430 47 47 CD 51242 1138 431 , , , 51242 1138 432 51 51 CD 51242 1138 433 Waterfalls Waterfalls NNP 51242 1138 434 electric electric JJ 51242 1138 435 power power NN 51242 1138 436 from from IN 51242 1138 437 , , , 51242 1138 438 94 94 CD 51242 1138 439 Watt Watt NNP 51242 1138 440 , , , 51242 1138 441 vii vii NN 51242 1138 442 Wheatstone Wheatstone NNP 51242 1138 443 , , , 51242 1138 444 14 14 CD 51242 1138 445 Wolverhampton Wolverhampton NNP 51242 1138 446 , , , 51242 1138 447 44 44 CD 51242 1138 448 Workmen workman NNS 51242 1138 449 's 's POS 51242 1138 450 fares fare NNS 51242 1138 451 , , , 51242 1138 452 53 53 CD 51242 1138 453 Yerkes Yerkes NNPS 51242 1138 454 , , , 51242 1138 455 C. C. NNP 51242 1138 456 T. T. NNP 51242 1138 457 , , , 51242 1138 458 104 104 CD 51242 1138 459 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 460 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 51242 1138 461 : : : 51242 1138 462 _ _ NNP 51242 1138 463 PRINTED PRINTED NNP 51242 1138 464 BY by IN 51242 1138 465 JOHN JOHN NNP 51242 1138 466 CLAY CLAY NNP 51242 1138 467 , , , 51242 1138 468 M.A. M.A. NNP 51242 1139 1 AT at IN 51242 1139 2 THE the DT 51242 1139 3 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 51242 1139 4 PRESS PRESS NNP 51242 1139 5 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 51242 1139 6 's 's POS 51242 1139 7 Note note NN 51242 1139 8 : : : 51242 1139 9 Italics italic NNS 51242 1139 10 are be VBP 51242 1139 11 indicated indicate VBN 51242 1139 12 by by IN 51242 1139 13 _ _ NNP 51242 1139 14 underscores underscore VBZ 51242 1139 15 _ _ NNP 51242 1139 16 . . . 51242 1140 1 Bolds bold NNS 51242 1140 2 are be VBP 51242 1140 3 indicated indicate VBN 51242 1140 4 by by IN 51242 1140 5 = = SYM 51242 1140 6 equal equal JJ 51242 1140 7 signs=. signs=. NN 51242 1141 1 Small small JJ 51242 1141 2 capitals capital NNS 51242 1141 3 have have VBP 51242 1141 4 been be VBN 51242 1141 5 rendered render VBN 51242 1141 6 in in IN 51242 1141 7 full full JJ 51242 1141 8 capitals capital NNS 51242 1141 9 . . . 51242 1142 1 Footnote Footnote NNP 51242 1142 2 is be VBZ 51242 1142 3 placed place VBN 51242 1142 4 to to IN 51242 1142 5 the the DT 51242 1142 6 end end NN 51242 1142 7 of of IN 51242 1142 8 chapter chapter NN 51242 1142 9 . . . 51242 1143 1 A a DT 51242 1143 2 number number NN 51242 1143 3 of of IN 51242 1143 4 minor minor JJ 51242 1143 5 spelling spelling NN 51242 1143 6 errors error NNS 51242 1143 7 have have VBP 51242 1143 8 been be VBN 51242 1143 9 corrected correct VBN 51242 1143 10 without without IN 51242 1143 11 note note NN 51242 1143 12 . . .