id sid tid token lemma pos 48378 1 1 at at IN 48378 1 2 The the DT 48378 1 3 Internet internet NN 48378 1 4 Archive Archive NNP 48378 1 5 ( ( -LRB- 48378 1 6 https:/archive.org https:/archive.org NNP 48378 1 7 ) ) -RRB- 48378 1 8 . . . 48378 2 1 Transcriber transcriber NN 48378 2 2 note note NN 48378 2 3 Text Text NNP 48378 2 4 emphasis emphasis NN 48378 2 5 is be VBZ 48378 2 6 displayed display VBN 48378 2 7 as as IN 48378 2 8 : : : 48378 2 9 _ _ NNP 48378 2 10 Italic Italic NNP 48378 2 11 _ _ NNP 48378 2 12 and and CC 48378 2 13 = = SYM 48378 2 14 Bold=. Bold=. . 48378 3 1 In in IN 48378 3 2 most most JJS 48378 3 3 tables table NNS 48378 3 4 and and CC 48378 3 5 where where WRB 48378 3 6 numbers number NNS 48378 3 7 with with IN 48378 3 8 fractions fraction NNS 48378 3 9 are be VBP 48378 3 10 used use VBN 48378 3 11 for for IN 48378 3 12 sizing size VBG 48378 3 13 items item NNS 48378 3 14 , , , 48378 3 15 the the DT 48378 3 16 symbols symbol NNS 48378 3 17 ¼ ¼ NNP 48378 3 18 , , , 48378 3 19 ½ ½ NNP 48378 3 20 , , , 48378 3 21 and and CC 48378 3 22 ¾ ¾ NNP 48378 3 23 were be VBD 48378 3 24 used use VBN 48378 3 25 . . . 48378 4 1 Otherwise otherwise RB 48378 4 2 , , , 48378 4 3 whole whole JJ 48378 4 4 and and CC 48378 4 5 fractional fractional JJ 48378 4 6 numbers number NNS 48378 4 7 are be VBP 48378 4 8 displayed display VBN 48378 4 9 as as IN 48378 4 10 1 1 CD 48378 4 11 - - SYM 48378 4 12 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 4 13 FIREPLACES FIREPLACES NNP 48378 4 14 and and CC 48378 4 15 CHIMNEYS CHIMNEYS NNP 48378 4 16 FARMERS FARMERS NNP 48378 4 17 ' ' POS 48378 4 18 BULLETIN bulletin NN 48378 4 19 NO no UH 48378 4 20 . . . 48378 5 1 1889 1889 CD 48378 5 2 U.S. U.S. NNP 48378 5 3 DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT NNP 48378 5 4 of of IN 48378 5 5 AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE NNP 48378 5 6 THAT that IN 48378 5 7 THE the DT 48378 5 8 WORD WORD NNP 48378 5 9 " " `` 48378 5 10 HEARTH HEARTH NNP 48378 5 11 " " '' 48378 5 12 is be VBZ 48378 5 13 synonymous synonymous JJ 48378 5 14 with with IN 48378 5 15 " " `` 48378 5 16 home home NN 48378 5 17 " " '' 48378 5 18 in in IN 48378 5 19 many many JJ 48378 5 20 languages language NNS 48378 5 21 is be VBZ 48378 5 22 not not RB 48378 5 23 surprising surprising JJ 48378 5 24 since since IN 48378 5 25 much much JJ 48378 5 26 of of IN 48378 5 27 the the DT 48378 5 28 enjoyment enjoyment NN 48378 5 29 of of IN 48378 5 30 home home NN 48378 5 31 and and CC 48378 5 32 camp camp NN 48378 5 33 life life NN 48378 5 34 centers center NNS 48378 5 35 about about IN 48378 5 36 an an DT 48378 5 37 open open JJ 48378 5 38 fire fire NN 48378 5 39 . . . 48378 6 1 In in IN 48378 6 2 mild mild JJ 48378 6 3 climates climate NNS 48378 6 4 a a DT 48378 6 5 properly properly RB 48378 6 6 built build VBN 48378 6 7 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 6 8 will will MD 48378 6 9 heat heat VB 48378 6 10 a a DT 48378 6 11 single single JJ 48378 6 12 room room NN 48378 6 13 , , , 48378 6 14 and and CC 48378 6 15 when when WRB 48378 6 16 equipped equip VBN 48378 6 17 with with IN 48378 6 18 a a DT 48378 6 19 convection convection NN 48378 6 20 heater heater NN 48378 6 21 will will MD 48378 6 22 also also RB 48378 6 23 heat heat VB 48378 6 24 a a DT 48378 6 25 second second JJ 48378 6 26 room room NN 48378 6 27 on on IN 48378 6 28 the the DT 48378 6 29 same same JJ 48378 6 30 floor floor NN 48378 6 31 or or CC 48378 6 32 an an DT 48378 6 33 upper upper JJ 48378 6 34 floor floor NN 48378 6 35 . . . 48378 7 1 In in IN 48378 7 2 colder colder NN 48378 7 3 climates climate VBZ 48378 7 4 it -PRON- PRP 48378 7 5 is be VBZ 48378 7 6 a a DT 48378 7 7 useful useful JJ 48378 7 8 adjunct adjunct NN 48378 7 9 to to IN 48378 7 10 other other JJ 48378 7 11 heating heating NN 48378 7 12 systems system NNS 48378 7 13 if if IN 48378 7 14 provided provide VBN 48378 7 15 with with IN 48378 7 16 a a DT 48378 7 17 damper damper NN 48378 7 18 . . . 48378 8 1 This this DT 48378 8 2 bulletin bulletin NN 48378 8 3 is be VBZ 48378 8 4 intended intend VBN 48378 8 5 to to TO 48378 8 6 give give VB 48378 8 7 the the DT 48378 8 8 householder householder NN 48378 8 9 and and CC 48378 8 10 prospective prospective JJ 48378 8 11 builder builder NN 48378 8 12 , , , 48378 8 13 especially especially RB 48378 8 14 the the DT 48378 8 15 farmer farmer NN 48378 8 16 who who WP 48378 8 17 might may MD 48378 8 18 superintend superintend VB 48378 8 19 the the DT 48378 8 20 construction construction NN 48378 8 21 of of IN 48378 8 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 48378 8 23 home home NN 48378 8 24 , , , 48378 8 25 a a DT 48378 8 26 working work VBG 48378 8 27 knowledge knowledge NN 48378 8 28 of of IN 48378 8 29 the the DT 48378 8 30 principles principle NNS 48378 8 31 to to TO 48378 8 32 be be VB 48378 8 33 observed observe VBN 48378 8 34 in in IN 48378 8 35 planning planning NN 48378 8 36 and and CC 48378 8 37 building building NN 48378 8 38 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 8 39 and and CC 48378 8 40 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 8 41 . . . 48378 9 1 These these DT 48378 9 2 principles principle NNS 48378 9 3 , , , 48378 9 4 if if IN 48378 9 5 observed observe VBN 48378 9 6 , , , 48378 9 7 will will MD 48378 9 8 make make VB 48378 9 9 the the DT 48378 9 10 structures structure NNS 48378 9 11 useful useful JJ 48378 9 12 and and CC 48378 9 13 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 48378 9 14 and and CC 48378 9 15 insure insure VB 48378 9 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 9 17 safety safety NN 48378 9 18 . . . 48378 10 1 Safe safe JJ 48378 10 2 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 10 3 and and CC 48378 10 4 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 10 5 that that WDT 48378 10 6 function function NN 48378 10 7 properly properly RB 48378 10 8 can can MD 48378 10 9 be be VB 48378 10 10 built build VBN 48378 10 11 by by IN 48378 10 12 applying apply VBG 48378 10 13 the the DT 48378 10 14 principles principle NNS 48378 10 15 given give VBN 48378 10 16 in in IN 48378 10 17 this this DT 48378 10 18 bulletin bulletin NN 48378 10 19 , , , 48378 10 20 but but CC 48378 10 21 a a DT 48378 10 22 good good JJ 48378 10 23 chimney chimney NN 48378 10 24 will will MD 48378 10 25 not not RB 48378 10 26 last last VB 48378 10 27 indefinitely indefinitely RB 48378 10 28 without without IN 48378 10 29 proper proper JJ 48378 10 30 care care NN 48378 10 31 and and CC 48378 10 32 repair repair NN 48378 10 33 . . . 48378 11 1 Fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 11 2 and and CC 48378 11 3 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 11 4 , , , 48378 11 5 being be VBG 48378 11 6 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 48378 11 7 architectural architectural JJ 48378 11 8 features feature NNS 48378 11 9 , , , 48378 11 10 should should MD 48378 11 11 be be VB 48378 11 12 pleasing pleasing JJ 48378 11 13 in in IN 48378 11 14 appearance appearance NN 48378 11 15 and and CC 48378 11 16 conform conform VB 48378 11 17 with with IN 48378 11 18 the the DT 48378 11 19 general general JJ 48378 11 20 design design NN 48378 11 21 of of IN 48378 11 22 the the DT 48378 11 23 building building NN 48378 11 24 and and CC 48378 11 25 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 11 26 surroundings surrounding NNS 48378 11 27 . . . 48378 12 1 This this DT 48378 12 2 bulletin bulletin NN 48378 12 3 supersedes supersede VBZ 48378 12 4 Farmers Farmers NNP 48378 12 5 ' ' POS 48378 12 6 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 48378 12 7 1649 1649 CD 48378 12 8 , , , 48378 12 9 Construction Construction NNP 48378 12 10 of of IN 48378 12 11 Chimneys Chimneys NNPS 48378 12 12 and and CC 48378 12 13 Fireplaces Fireplaces NNPS 48378 12 14 . . . 48378 13 1 Washington Washington NNP 48378 13 2 , , , 48378 13 3 D. D. NNP 48378 13 4 C. C. NNP 48378 13 5 Issued Issued NNP 48378 13 6 December December NNP 48378 13 7 , , , 48378 13 8 1941 1941 CD 48378 13 9 FIREPLACES FIREPLACES NNP 48378 13 10 AND and CC 48378 13 11 CHIMNEYS CHIMNEYS NNP 48378 13 12 By by IN 48378 13 13 Arthur Arthur NNP 48378 13 14 H. H. NNP 48378 13 15 Senner Senner NNP 48378 13 16 , , , 48378 13 17 _ _ NNP 48378 13 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 48378 13 19 engineer engineer NN 48378 13 20 , , , 48378 13 21 and and CC 48378 13 22 _ _ NNP 48378 13 23 Thomas Thomas NNP 48378 13 24 A. A. NNP 48378 13 25 H. H. NNP 48378 13 26 Miller Miller NNP 48378 13 27 , , , 48378 13 28 _ _ NNP 48378 13 29 agricultural agricultural JJ 48378 13 30 engineer engineer NN 48378 13 31 . . . 48378 14 1 Division Division NNP 48378 14 2 of of IN 48378 14 3 Farm Farm NNP 48378 14 4 Structure Structure NNP 48378 14 5 Research Research NNP 48378 14 6 , , , 48378 14 7 Bureau Bureau NNP 48378 14 8 of of IN 48378 14 9 Agricultural Agricultural NNP 48378 14 10 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 48378 14 11 and and CC 48378 14 12 Engineering Engineering NNP 48378 14 13 _ _ NNP 48378 14 14 CONTENTS content NNS 48378 14 15 Page Page NNP 48378 14 16 Chimneys Chimneys NNPS 48378 14 17 2 2 CD 48378 14 18 Design design NN 48378 14 19 2 2 CD 48378 14 20 Construction construction NN 48378 14 21 7 7 CD 48378 14 22 Estimating Estimating NNP 48378 14 23 brick brick NN 48378 14 24 18 18 CD 48378 14 25 Smoke smoke NN 48378 14 26 test test NN 48378 14 27 18 18 CD 48378 14 28 Cleaning clean VBG 48378 14 29 and and CC 48378 14 30 repairing repair VBG 48378 14 31 flues flue NNS 48378 14 32 19 19 CD 48378 14 33 Fireplaces Fireplaces NNP 48378 14 34 22 22 CD 48378 14 35 Characteristics Characteristics NNP 48378 14 36 22 22 CD 48378 14 37 Modified Modified NNP 48378 14 38 fireplaces fireplace VBZ 48378 14 39 24 24 CD 48378 14 40 Selecting select VBG 48378 14 41 a a DT 48378 14 42 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 14 43 27 27 CD 48378 14 44 Construction construction NN 48378 14 45 34 34 CD 48378 14 46 Dimensions dimension NNS 48378 14 47 35 35 CD 48378 14 48 Cost cost NN 48378 14 49 estimate estimate NN 48378 14 50 43 43 CD 48378 14 51 Smoky smoky JJ 48378 14 52 fireplaces fireplace VBZ 48378 14 53 45 45 CD 48378 14 54 Outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 14 55 fireplaces fireplace VBZ 48378 14 56 46 46 CD 48378 14 57 Types type NNS 48378 14 58 47 47 CD 48378 14 59 Obtaining obtain VBG 48378 14 60 plans plan VBZ 48378 14 61 48 48 CD 48378 14 62 Construction construction NN 48378 14 63 48 48 CD 48378 14 64 Operation Operation NNP 48378 14 65 51 51 CD 48378 14 66 Barbecue Barbecue NNP 48378 14 67 pits pit VBZ 48378 14 68 51 51 CD 48378 14 69 Dutch Dutch NNPS 48378 14 70 ovens oven VBZ 48378 14 71 51 51 CD 48378 14 72 FIREPLACES fireplace NNS 48378 14 73 AND and CC 48378 14 74 CHIMNEYS CHIMNEYS NNP 48378 14 75 should should MD 48378 14 76 provide provide VB 48378 14 77 a a DT 48378 14 78 safe safe JJ 48378 14 79 place place NN 48378 14 80 for for IN 48378 14 81 an an DT 48378 14 82 open open JJ 48378 14 83 fire fire NN 48378 14 84 and and CC 48378 14 85 a a DT 48378 14 86 flue flue NN 48378 14 87 for for IN 48378 14 88 draft draft NN 48378 14 89 to to TO 48378 14 90 expel expel NNP 48378 14 91 smoke smoke NN 48378 14 92 from from IN 48378 14 93 the the DT 48378 14 94 fire fire NN 48378 14 95 passage passage NN 48378 14 96 to to IN 48378 14 97 the the DT 48378 14 98 open open JJ 48378 14 99 air air NN 48378 14 100 . . . 48378 15 1 They -PRON- PRP 48378 15 2 must must MD 48378 15 3 be be VB 48378 15 4 properly properly RB 48378 15 5 designed design VBN 48378 15 6 and and CC 48378 15 7 constructed construct VBN 48378 15 8 ( ( -LRB- 48378 15 9 fig fig NN 48378 15 10 . . . 48378 16 1 1 1 LS 48378 16 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 16 3 if if IN 48378 16 4 good good JJ 48378 16 5 performance performance NN 48378 16 6 and and CC 48378 16 7 protection protection NN 48378 16 8 against against IN 48378 16 9 fire fire NN 48378 16 10 are be VBP 48378 16 11 to to TO 48378 16 12 be be VB 48378 16 13 obtained obtain VBN 48378 16 14 . . . 48378 17 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 17 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 17 3 : : : 48378 17 4 Figure Figure NNP 48378 17 5 1.--A 1.--a CD 48378 17 6 properly properly RB 48378 17 7 designed design VBN 48378 17 8 and and CC 48378 17 9 well well RB 48378 17 10 - - HYPH 48378 17 11 built build VBN 48378 17 12 chimney chimney NN 48378 17 13 that that WDT 48378 17 14 provides provide VBZ 48378 17 15 ample ample JJ 48378 17 16 draft draft NN 48378 17 17 and and CC 48378 17 18 protection protection NN 48378 17 19 against against IN 48378 17 20 fire fire NN 48378 17 21 . . . 48378 17 22 ] ] -RRB- 48378 18 1 CHIMNEYS CHIMNEYS NNP 48378 18 2 DESIGN design NN 48378 18 3 Solid solid JJ 48378 18 4 masonry masonry NN 48378 18 5 is be VBZ 48378 18 6 the the DT 48378 18 7 most most RBS 48378 18 8 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 48378 18 9 and and CC 48378 18 10 safest safe JJS 48378 18 11 material material NN 48378 18 12 to to TO 48378 18 13 use use VB 48378 18 14 for for IN 48378 18 15 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 18 16 and and CC 48378 18 17 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 18 18 . . . 48378 19 1 If if IN 48378 19 2 a a DT 48378 19 3 chimney chimney NN 48378 19 4 fire fire NN 48378 19 5 occurs occur VBZ 48378 19 6 , , , 48378 19 7 the the DT 48378 19 8 safety safety NN 48378 19 9 of of IN 48378 19 10 the the DT 48378 19 11 building building NN 48378 19 12 may may MD 48378 19 13 be be VB 48378 19 14 dependent dependent JJ 48378 19 15 on on IN 48378 19 16 the the DT 48378 19 17 soundness soundness NN 48378 19 18 of of IN 48378 19 19 the the DT 48378 19 20 flue flue JJ 48378 19 21 walls wall NNS 48378 19 22 ( ( -LRB- 48378 19 23 fig fig NN 48378 19 24 . . . 48378 20 1 2 2 LS 48378 20 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 20 3 . . . 48378 21 1 Cracked crack VBN 48378 21 2 and and CC 48378 21 3 leaky leaky JJ 48378 21 4 flues flue NNS 48378 21 5 not not RB 48378 21 6 only only RB 48378 21 7 are be VBP 48378 21 8 inefficient inefficient JJ 48378 21 9 , , , 48378 21 10 destroying destroy VBG 48378 21 11 the the DT 48378 21 12 draft draft NN 48378 21 13 as as RB 48378 21 14 well well RB 48378 21 15 as as IN 48378 21 16 permitting permit VBG 48378 21 17 smoke smoke NN 48378 21 18 and and CC 48378 21 19 gases gas NNS 48378 21 20 to to TO 48378 21 21 pass pass VB 48378 21 22 into into IN 48378 21 23 adjacent adjacent JJ 48378 21 24 rooms room NNS 48378 21 25 , , , 48378 21 26 but but CC 48378 21 27 are be VBP 48378 21 28 a a DT 48378 21 29 dangerous dangerous JJ 48378 21 30 fire fire NN 48378 21 31 hazard hazard NN 48378 21 32 . . . 48378 22 1 The the DT 48378 22 2 chimney chimney NN 48378 22 3 as as IN 48378 22 4 known know VBN 48378 22 5 today today NN 48378 22 6 was be VBD 48378 22 7 developed develop VBN 48378 22 8 about about IN 48378 22 9 600 600 CD 48378 22 10 years year NNS 48378 22 11 ago ago RB 48378 22 12 . . . 48378 23 1 Experience experience NN 48378 23 2 has have VBZ 48378 23 3 shown show VBN 48378 23 4 that that IN 48378 23 5 the the DT 48378 23 6 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 48378 23 7 performance performance NN 48378 23 8 of of IN 48378 23 9 a a DT 48378 23 10 chimney chimney NN 48378 23 11 flue flue NN 48378 23 12 is be VBZ 48378 23 13 determined determine VBN 48378 23 14 by by IN 48378 23 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 23 16 size size NN 48378 23 17 , , , 48378 23 18 direction direction NN 48378 23 19 , , , 48378 23 20 shape shape NN 48378 23 21 , , , 48378 23 22 height height NN 48378 23 23 , , , 48378 23 24 tightness tightness NN 48378 23 25 , , , 48378 23 26 and and CC 48378 23 27 smoothness smoothness JJ 48378 23 28 . . . 48378 24 1 Draft draft VB 48378 24 2 The the DT 48378 24 3 draft draft NN 48378 24 4 of of IN 48378 24 5 a a DT 48378 24 6 chimney chimney NN 48378 24 7 is be VBZ 48378 24 8 the the DT 48378 24 9 current current NN 48378 24 10 of of IN 48378 24 11 air air NN 48378 24 12 created create VBN 48378 24 13 by by IN 48378 24 14 the the DT 48378 24 15 difference difference NN 48378 24 16 in in IN 48378 24 17 pressure pressure NN 48378 24 18 resulting result VBG 48378 24 19 from from IN 48378 24 20 variation variation NN 48378 24 21 in in IN 48378 24 22 weight weight NN 48378 24 23 between between IN 48378 24 24 the the DT 48378 24 25 relatively relatively RB 48378 24 26 hot hot JJ 48378 24 27 gases gas NNS 48378 24 28 in in IN 48378 24 29 the the DT 48378 24 30 flue flue NN 48378 24 31 and and CC 48378 24 32 the the DT 48378 24 33 cooler cooler NN 48378 24 34 outside outside IN 48378 24 35 air air NN 48378 24 36 . . . 48378 25 1 The the DT 48378 25 2 strength strength NN 48378 25 3 or or CC 48378 25 4 intensity intensity NN 48378 25 5 of of IN 48378 25 6 the the DT 48378 25 7 draft draft NN 48378 25 8 depends depend VBZ 48378 25 9 , , , 48378 25 10 for for IN 48378 25 11 the the DT 48378 25 12 most most JJS 48378 25 13 part part NN 48378 25 14 , , , 48378 25 15 on on IN 48378 25 16 the the DT 48378 25 17 height height NN 48378 25 18 of of IN 48378 25 19 the the DT 48378 25 20 chimney chimney NN 48378 25 21 , , , 48378 25 22 and and CC 48378 25 23 the the DT 48378 25 24 temperature temperature NN 48378 25 25 difference difference NN 48378 25 26 between between IN 48378 25 27 the the DT 48378 25 28 chimney chimney NNP 48378 25 29 gases gas NNS 48378 25 30 and and CC 48378 25 31 the the DT 48378 25 32 outside outside JJ 48378 25 33 atmosphere atmosphere NN 48378 25 34 . . . 48378 26 1 The the DT 48378 26 2 draft draft NN 48378 26 3 is be VBZ 48378 26 4 not not RB 48378 26 5 so so RB 48378 26 6 good good JJ 48378 26 7 in in IN 48378 26 8 summer summer NN 48378 26 9 as as IN 48378 26 10 in in IN 48378 26 11 winter winter NN 48378 26 12 because because IN 48378 26 13 the the DT 48378 26 14 difference difference NN 48378 26 15 in in IN 48378 26 16 temperature temperature NN 48378 26 17 between between IN 48378 26 18 the the DT 48378 26 19 outside outside JJ 48378 26 20 air air NN 48378 26 21 and and CC 48378 26 22 the the DT 48378 26 23 gases gas NNS 48378 26 24 in in IN 48378 26 25 the the DT 48378 26 26 flue flue NN 48378 26 27 is be VBZ 48378 26 28 less less JJR 48378 26 29 . . . 48378 27 1 A a DT 48378 27 2 very very RB 48378 27 3 common common JJ 48378 27 4 error error NN 48378 27 5 in in IN 48378 27 6 chimney chimney NN 48378 27 7 design design NN 48378 27 8 is be VBZ 48378 27 9 failure failure NN 48378 27 10 to to TO 48378 27 11 distinguish distinguish VB 48378 27 12 between between IN 48378 27 13 the the DT 48378 27 14 size size NN 48378 27 15 of of IN 48378 27 16 the the DT 48378 27 17 flue flue NN 48378 27 18 required require VBN 48378 27 19 for for IN 48378 27 20 free free JJ 48378 27 21 passage passage NN 48378 27 22 of of IN 48378 27 23 the the DT 48378 27 24 volume volume NN 48378 27 25 of of IN 48378 27 26 smoke smoke NN 48378 27 27 from from IN 48378 27 28 a a DT 48378 27 29 given give VBN 48378 27 30 amount amount NN 48378 27 31 of of IN 48378 27 32 fuel fuel NN 48378 27 33 and and CC 48378 27 34 that that IN 48378 27 35 which which WDT 48378 27 36 , , , 48378 27 37 with with IN 48378 27 38 proper proper JJ 48378 27 39 height height NN 48378 27 40 , , , 48378 27 41 will will MD 48378 27 42 produce produce VB 48378 27 43 the the DT 48378 27 44 required require VBN 48378 27 45 draft draft NN 48378 27 46 . . . 48378 28 1 A a DT 48378 28 2 chimney chimney NN 48378 28 3 may may MD 48378 28 4 be be VB 48378 28 5 high high JJ 48378 28 6 enough enough RB 48378 28 7 ( ( -LRB- 48378 28 8 fig fig NN 48378 28 9 . . . 48378 29 1 3 3 LS 48378 29 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 29 3 , , , 48378 29 4 yet yet CC 48378 29 5 have have VBP 48378 29 6 an an DT 48378 29 7 area area NN 48378 29 8 too too RB 48378 29 9 small small JJ 48378 29 10 to to TO 48378 29 11 expel expel VB 48378 29 12 the the DT 48378 29 13 volume volume NN 48378 29 14 of of IN 48378 29 15 smoke smoke NN 48378 29 16 ; ; : 48378 29 17 or or CC 48378 29 18 the the DT 48378 29 19 size size NN 48378 29 20 may may MD 48378 29 21 be be VB 48378 29 22 ample ample JJ 48378 29 23 ( ( -LRB- 48378 29 24 fig fig NN 48378 29 25 . . . 48378 30 1 4 4 LS 48378 30 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 30 3 but but CC 48378 30 4 the the DT 48378 30 5 height height NN 48378 30 6 not not RB 48378 30 7 great great JJ 48378 30 8 enough enough RB 48378 30 9 to to TO 48378 30 10 produce produce VB 48378 30 11 a a DT 48378 30 12 strong strong JJ 48378 30 13 draft draft NN 48378 30 14 . . . 48378 31 1 Either either DT 48378 31 2 fault fault NN 48378 31 3 or or CC 48378 31 4 a a DT 48378 31 5 combination combination NN 48378 31 6 of of IN 48378 31 7 the the DT 48378 31 8 two two CD 48378 31 9 will will MD 48378 31 10 result result VB 48378 31 11 in in IN 48378 31 12 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 48378 31 13 service service NN 48378 31 14 . . . 48378 32 1 Flue Flue NNP 48378 32 2 Sites site NNS 48378 32 3 The the DT 48378 32 4 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 32 5 of of IN 48378 32 6 a a DT 48378 32 7 flue flue NN 48378 32 8 for for IN 48378 32 9 adequate adequate JJ 48378 32 10 draft draft NN 48378 32 11 depend depend VBP 48378 32 12 principally principally RB 48378 32 13 on on IN 48378 32 14 the the DT 48378 32 15 grate grate NN 48378 32 16 area area NN 48378 32 17 and and CC 48378 32 18 type type NN 48378 32 19 of of IN 48378 32 20 heating heating NN 48378 32 21 plant plant NN 48378 32 22 1 1 CD 48378 32 23 and and CC 48378 32 24 on on IN 48378 32 25 the the DT 48378 32 26 kind kind NN 48378 32 27 of of IN 48378 32 28 fuel fuel NN 48378 32 29 to to TO 48378 32 30 be be VB 48378 32 31 burned burn VBN 48378 32 32 , , , 48378 32 33 both both DT 48378 32 34 of of IN 48378 32 35 which which WDT 48378 32 36 should should MD 48378 32 37 be be VB 48378 32 38 determined determine VBN 48378 32 39 before before IN 48378 32 40 construction construction NN 48378 32 41 is be VBZ 48378 32 42 begun begin VBN 48378 32 43 . . . 48378 33 1 If if IN 48378 33 2 a a DT 48378 33 3 chimney chimney NN 48378 33 4 is be VBZ 48378 33 5 found find VBN 48378 33 6 to to TO 48378 33 7 be be VB 48378 33 8 inadequate inadequate JJ 48378 33 9 the the DT 48378 33 10 only only JJ 48378 33 11 method method NN 48378 33 12 of of IN 48378 33 13 improving improve VBG 48378 33 14 it -PRON- PRP 48378 33 15 , , , 48378 33 16 short short RB 48378 33 17 of of IN 48378 33 18 reconstruction reconstruction NN 48378 33 19 , , , 48378 33 20 is be VBZ 48378 33 21 to to TO 48378 33 22 increase increase VB 48378 33 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 33 24 height height NN 48378 33 25 . . . 48378 34 1 This this DT 48378 34 2 is be VBZ 48378 34 3 not not RB 48378 34 4 always always RB 48378 34 5 effective effective JJ 48378 34 6 and and CC 48378 34 7 is be VBZ 48378 34 8 often often RB 48378 34 9 impracticable impracticable JJ 48378 34 10 . . . 48378 35 1 Table table NN 48378 35 2 1 1 CD 48378 35 3 gives give VBZ 48378 35 4 the the DT 48378 35 5 sizes size NNS 48378 35 6 of of IN 48378 35 7 fire fire NN 48378 35 8 - - HYPH 48378 35 9 clay clay NN 48378 35 10 flue flue JJ 48378 35 11 linings lining NNS 48378 35 12 ordinarily ordinarily RB 48378 35 13 provided provide VBN 48378 35 14 for for IN 48378 35 15 boilers boiler NNS 48378 35 16 , , , 48378 35 17 furnaces furnace NNS 48378 35 18 , , , 48378 35 19 stoves stove NNS 48378 35 20 , , , 48378 35 21 or or CC 48378 35 22 convection convection NN 48378 35 23 heaters heater NNS 48378 35 24 burning burn VBG 48378 35 25 soft soft JJ 48378 35 26 coal coal NN 48378 35 27 . . . 48378 36 1 These these DT 48378 36 2 sizes size NNS 48378 36 3 have have VBP 48378 36 4 proved prove VBN 48378 36 5 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 48378 36 6 for for IN 48378 36 7 average average JJ 48378 36 8 flat flat JJ 48378 36 9 - - HYPH 48378 36 10 grate grate NN 48378 36 11 furnaces furnace NNS 48378 36 12 under under IN 48378 36 13 normal normal JJ 48378 36 14 conditions condition NNS 48378 36 15 . . . 48378 37 1 Manufacturers manufacturer NNS 48378 37 2 of of IN 48378 37 3 heating heating NN 48378 37 4 equipment equipment NN 48378 37 5 usually usually RB 48378 37 6 specify specify VBP 48378 37 7 certain certain JJ 48378 37 8 requirements requirement NNS 48378 37 9 in in IN 48378 37 10 chimney chimney NN 48378 37 11 construction construction NN 48378 37 12 and and CC 48378 37 13 will will MD 48378 37 14 not not RB 48378 37 15 guarantee guarantee VB 48378 37 16 the the DT 48378 37 17 performance performance NN 48378 37 18 of of IN 48378 37 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 37 20 heaters heater NNS 48378 37 21 unless unless IN 48378 37 22 these these DT 48378 37 23 requirements requirement NNS 48378 37 24 are be VBP 48378 37 25 met meet VBN 48378 37 26 . . . 48378 38 1 Therefore therefore RB 48378 38 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 38 3 recommendations recommendation NNS 48378 38 4 should should MD 48378 38 5 be be VB 48378 38 6 followed follow VBN 48378 38 7 when when WRB 48378 38 8 differing differ VBG 48378 38 9 materially materially RB 48378 38 10 from from IN 48378 38 11 the the DT 48378 38 12 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 38 13 given give VBN 48378 38 14 in in IN 48378 38 15 this this DT 48378 38 16 bulletin bulletin NN 48378 38 17 . . . 48378 39 1 Height Height NNP 48378 39 2 of of IN 48378 39 3 Chimney Chimney NNP 48378 39 4 A a DT 48378 39 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 39 6 should should MD 48378 39 7 extend extend VB 48378 39 8 at at IN 48378 39 9 least least JJS 48378 39 10 3 3 CD 48378 39 11 feet foot NNS 48378 39 12 above above IN 48378 39 13 flat flat JJ 48378 39 14 roofs roof NNS 48378 39 15 and and CC 48378 39 16 2 2 CD 48378 39 17 feet foot NNS 48378 39 18 above above IN 48378 39 19 the the DT 48378 39 20 ridge ridge NN 48378 39 21 of of IN 48378 39 22 peak peak NN 48378 39 23 roofs roof NNS 48378 39 24 . . . 48378 40 1 Where where WRB 48378 40 2 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 40 3 can can MD 48378 40 4 not not RB 48378 40 5 be be VB 48378 40 6 built build VBN 48378 40 7 high high JJ 48378 40 8 enough enough RB 48378 40 9 above above IN 48378 40 10 the the DT 48378 40 11 ridge ridge NN 48378 40 12 to to TO 48378 40 13 prevent prevent VB 48378 40 14 trouble trouble NN 48378 40 15 from from IN 48378 40 16 eddies eddy NNS 48378 40 17 caused cause VBN 48378 40 18 by by IN 48378 40 19 wind wind NN 48378 40 20 being be VBG 48378 40 21 deflected deflect VBN 48378 40 22 from from IN 48378 40 23 the the DT 48378 40 24 roof roof NN 48378 40 25 , , , 48378 40 26 a a DT 48378 40 27 hood hood NN 48378 40 28 may may MD 48378 40 29 be be VB 48378 40 30 provided provide VBN 48378 40 31 with with IN 48378 40 32 the the DT 48378 40 33 open open JJ 48378 40 34 ends end VBZ 48378 40 35 parallel parallel NN 48378 40 36 to to IN 48378 40 37 the the DT 48378 40 38 ridge ridge NN 48378 40 39 . . . 48378 41 1 Eddies eddy NNS 48378 41 2 which which WDT 48378 41 3 force force VBP 48378 41 4 air air NN 48378 41 5 down down IN 48378 41 6 the the DT 48378 41 7 flues flue NNS 48378 41 8 may may MD 48378 41 9 be be VB 48378 41 10 caused cause VBN 48378 41 11 by by IN 48378 41 12 building build VBG 48378 41 13 the the DT 48378 41 14 chimney chimney NN 48378 41 15 too too RB 48378 41 16 near near IN 48378 41 17 trees tree NNS 48378 41 18 ( ( -LRB- 48378 41 19 fig fig NN 48378 41 20 . . . 48378 42 1 5 5 CD 48378 42 2 , , , 48378 42 3 _ _ NNP 48378 42 4 B B NNP 48378 42 5 _ _ NNP 48378 42 6 ) ) -RRB- 48378 42 7 or or CC 48378 42 8 a a DT 48378 42 9 higher high JJR 48378 42 10 structure structure NN 48378 42 11 ( ( -LRB- 48378 42 12 fig fig NN 48378 42 13 . . . 48378 43 1 6 6 LS 48378 43 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 43 3 . . . 48378 44 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 44 2 1 1 LS 48378 44 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 44 4 Farmers Farmers NNP 48378 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48378 69 11 and and CC 48378 69 12 should should MD 48378 69 13 provide provide VB 48378 69 14 a a DT 48378 69 15 good good JJ 48378 69 16 draft draft NN 48378 69 17 ; ; : 48378 69 18 _ _ NNP 48378 69 19 B B NNP 48378 69 20 _ _ NNP 48378 69 21 , , , 48378 69 22 a a DT 48378 69 23 chimney chimney NN 48378 69 24 under under IN 48378 69 25 overhanging overhanging JJ 48378 69 26 trees tree NNS 48378 69 27 is be VBZ 48378 69 28 likely likely JJ 48378 69 29 to to TO 48378 69 30 backdraft backdraft VB 48378 69 31 . . . 48378 70 1 Contrast contrast VB 48378 70 2 the the DT 48378 70 3 appearance appearance NN 48378 70 4 of of IN 48378 70 5 these these DT 48378 70 6 two two CD 48378 70 7 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 70 8 with with IN 48378 70 9 that that DT 48378 70 10 of of IN 48378 70 11 figure figure NN 48378 70 12 3 3 CD 48378 70 13 . . . 48378 70 14 ] ] -RRB- 48378 71 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 71 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 71 3 : : : 48378 71 4 Figure figure NN 48378 71 5 6.--Several 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frost frost NN 48378 72 18 . . . 48378 73 1 This this DT 48378 73 2 chimney chimney NN 48378 73 3 is be VBZ 48378 73 4 well well RB 48378 73 5 protected protect VBN 48378 73 6 from from IN 48378 73 7 ground ground NN 48378 73 8 moisture moisture NN 48378 73 9 by by IN 48378 73 10 the the DT 48378 73 11 concrete concrete NN 48378 73 12 carried carry VBN 48378 73 13 above above IN 48378 73 14 the the DT 48378 73 15 surface surface NN 48378 73 16 ; ; : 48378 73 17 _ _ NNP 48378 73 18 B B NNP 48378 73 19 _ _ NNP 48378 73 20 , , , 48378 73 21 an an DT 48378 73 22 insecure insecure JJ 48378 73 23 foundation foundation NN 48378 73 24 . . . 48378 74 1 Supporting support VBG 48378 74 2 a a DT 48378 74 3 chimney chimney NN 48378 74 4 in in IN 48378 74 5 this this DT 48378 74 6 manner manner NN 48378 74 7 is be VBZ 48378 74 8 a a DT 48378 74 9 dangerous dangerous JJ 48378 74 10 practice practice NN 48378 74 11 . . . 48378 74 12 ] ] -RRB- 48378 75 1 CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION NNP 48378 75 2 = = NFP 48378 75 3 Supporting support VBG 48378 75 4 the the DT 48378 75 5 Chimney= chimney= JJ 48378 75 6 Stable stable JJ 48378 75 7 foundations foundation NNS 48378 75 8 , , , 48378 75 9 preferably preferably RB 48378 75 10 of of IN 48378 75 11 concrete concrete NN 48378 75 12 , , , 48378 75 13 should should MD 48378 75 14 be be VB 48378 75 15 provided provide VBN 48378 75 16 , , , 48378 75 17 at at IN 48378 75 18 least least RBS 48378 75 19 6 6 CD 48378 75 20 inches inch NNS 48378 75 21 wider wide JJR 48378 75 22 all all RB 48378 75 23 around around RB 48378 75 24 than than IN 48378 75 25 the the DT 48378 75 26 chimney chimney NN 48378 75 27 and and CC 48378 75 28 8 8 CD 48378 75 29 inches inch NNS 48378 75 30 thick thick JJ 48378 75 31 for for IN 48378 75 32 one one CD 48378 75 33 - - HYPH 48378 75 34 story story NN 48378 75 35 and and CC 48378 75 36 12 12 CD 48378 75 37 inches inch NNS 48378 75 38 thick thick JJ 48378 75 39 for for IN 48378 75 40 two two CD 48378 75 41 - - HYPH 48378 75 42 story story NN 48378 75 43 houses house NNS 48378 75 44 . . . 48378 76 1 When when WRB 48378 76 2 there there EX 48378 76 3 is be VBZ 48378 76 4 no no DT 48378 76 5 basement basement NN 48378 76 6 or or CC 48378 76 7 cellar cellar NN 48378 76 8 ( ( -LRB- 48378 76 9 fig fig NN 48378 76 10 . . . 48378 77 1 7 7 LS 48378 77 2 , , , 48378 77 3 _ _ NNP 48378 77 4 A A NNP 48378 77 5 _ _ NNP 48378 77 6 ) ) -RRB- 48378 77 7 , , , 48378 77 8 start start VB 48378 77 9 the the DT 48378 77 10 foundation foundation NN 48378 77 11 of of IN 48378 77 12 an an DT 48378 77 13 exterior exterior JJ 48378 77 14 chimney chimney NN 48378 77 15 well well RB 48378 77 16 below below IN 48378 77 17 the the DT 48378 77 18 frost frost NN 48378 77 19 line line NN 48378 77 20 ; ; , 48378 77 21 otherwise otherwise RB 48378 77 22 , , , 48378 77 23 extend extend VB 48378 77 24 the the DT 48378 77 25 base base NN 48378 77 26 to to IN 48378 77 27 the the DT 48378 77 28 same same JJ 48378 77 29 level level NN 48378 77 30 as as IN 48378 77 31 the the DT 48378 77 32 bottom bottom NN 48378 77 33 of of IN 48378 77 34 the the DT 48378 77 35 foundation foundation NN 48378 77 36 of of IN 48378 77 37 the the DT 48378 77 38 building building NN 48378 77 39 . . . 48378 78 1 Foundations foundation NNS 48378 78 2 for for IN 48378 78 3 tall tall JJ 48378 78 4 , , , 48378 78 5 heavy heavy JJ 48378 78 6 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 78 7 require require VBP 48378 78 8 special special JJ 48378 78 9 consideration consideration NN 48378 78 10 . . . 48378 79 1 Where where WRB 48378 79 2 the the DT 48378 79 3 wall wall NN 48378 79 4 of of IN 48378 79 5 the the DT 48378 79 6 house house NN 48378 79 7 is be VBZ 48378 79 8 of of IN 48378 79 9 solid solid JJ 48378 79 10 masonry masonry NN 48378 79 11 12 12 CD 48378 79 12 inches inch NNS 48378 79 13 or or CC 48378 79 14 more more RBR 48378 79 15 thick thick JJ 48378 79 16 , , , 48378 79 17 the the DT 48378 79 18 chimney chimney NN 48378 79 19 may may MD 48378 79 20 be be VB 48378 79 21 offset offset VBN 48378 79 22 and and CC 48378 79 23 carried carry VBN 48378 79 24 on on IN 48378 79 25 corbels corbel NNS 48378 79 26 or or CC 48378 79 27 masonry masonry NN 48378 79 28 brackets bracket NNS 48378 79 29 instead instead RB 48378 79 30 of of IN 48378 79 31 being be VBG 48378 79 32 carried carry VBN 48378 79 33 down down RP 48378 79 34 to to IN 48378 79 35 the the DT 48378 79 36 ground ground NN 48378 79 37 . . . 48378 80 1 The the DT 48378 80 2 offset offset NN 48378 80 3 should should MD 48378 80 4 not not RB 48378 80 5 extend extend VB 48378 80 6 more more JJR 48378 80 7 than than IN 48378 80 8 8 8 CD 48378 80 9 inches inch NNS 48378 80 10 from from IN 48378 80 11 the the DT 48378 80 12 face face NN 48378 80 13 of of IN 48378 80 14 the the DT 48378 80 15 wall wall NN 48378 80 16 , , , 48378 80 17 each each DT 48378 80 18 course course NN 48378 80 19 projecting project VBG 48378 80 20 not not RB 48378 80 21 more more JJR 48378 80 22 than than IN 48378 80 23 1 1 CD 48378 80 24 inch inch NN 48378 80 25 , , , 48378 80 26 and and CC 48378 80 27 should should MD 48378 80 28 not not RB 48378 80 29 be be VB 48378 80 30 less less JJR 48378 80 31 than than IN 48378 80 32 12 12 CD 48378 80 33 inches inch NNS 48378 80 34 high high JJ 48378 80 35 . . . 48378 81 1 Often often RB 48378 81 2 the the DT 48378 81 3 corbeling corbeling NN 48378 81 4 is be VBZ 48378 81 5 started start VBN 48378 81 6 at at IN 48378 81 7 the the DT 48378 81 8 second- second- NN 48378 81 9 or or CC 48378 81 10 third third JJ 48378 81 11 - - HYPH 48378 81 12 floor floor NN 48378 81 13 level level NN 48378 81 14 so so IN 48378 81 15 that that IN 48378 81 16 the the DT 48378 81 17 chimney chimney NN 48378 81 18 is be VBZ 48378 81 19 only only RB 48378 81 20 one one CD 48378 81 21 or or CC 48378 81 22 two two CD 48378 81 23 stories story NNS 48378 81 24 high high JJ 48378 81 25 . . . 48378 82 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 82 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 82 3 : : : 48378 82 4 Figure figure VB 48378 82 5 8.--For 8.--for NN 48378 82 6 structural structural JJ 48378 82 7 safety safety NN 48378 82 8 the the DT 48378 82 9 amount amount NN 48378 82 10 of of IN 48378 82 11 offset offset NN 48378 82 12 must must MD 48378 82 13 be be VB 48378 82 14 limited limit VBN 48378 82 15 so so IN 48378 82 16 that that IN 48378 82 17 the the DT 48378 82 18 center center NN 48378 82 19 line line NN 48378 82 20 , , , 48378 82 21 XY XY NNP 48378 82 22 , , , 48378 82 23 of of IN 48378 82 24 the the DT 48378 82 25 upper upper JJ 48378 82 26 flue flue NN 48378 82 27 will will MD 48378 82 28 not not RB 48378 82 29 fall fall VB 48378 82 30 beyond beyond IN 48378 82 31 the the DT 48378 82 32 center center NN 48378 82 33 of of IN 48378 82 34 the the DT 48378 82 35 wall wall NN 48378 82 36 of of IN 48378 82 37 the the DT 48378 82 38 lower low JJR 48378 82 39 flue flue NN 48378 82 40 . . . 48378 83 1 _ _ NNP 48378 83 2 A A NNP 48378 83 3 _ _ NNP 48378 83 4 , , , 48378 83 5 Offsetting offset VBG 48378 83 6 of of IN 48378 83 7 the the DT 48378 83 8 left left JJ 48378 83 9 wall wall NN 48378 83 10 of of IN 48378 83 11 an an DT 48378 83 12 unlined unlined JJ 48378 83 13 flue flue NN 48378 83 14 is be VBZ 48378 83 15 started start VBN 48378 83 16 two two CD 48378 83 17 brick brick NN 48378 83 18 courses course NNS 48378 83 19 higher higher RBR 48378 83 20 than than IN 48378 83 21 on on IN 48378 83 22 the the DT 48378 83 23 right right JJ 48378 83 24 wall wall NN 48378 83 25 so so IN 48378 83 26 that that IN 48378 83 27 the the DT 48378 83 28 area area NN 48378 83 29 of of IN 48378 83 30 the the DT 48378 83 31 sloping sloping NN 48378 83 32 section section NN 48378 83 33 will will MD 48378 83 34 not not RB 48378 83 35 be be VB 48378 83 36 reduced reduce VBN 48378 83 37 after after IN 48378 83 38 plastering plaster VBG 48378 83 39 ; ; : 48378 83 40 _ _ NNP 48378 83 41 B B NNP 48378 83 42 _ _ NNP 48378 83 43 , , , 48378 83 44 a a DT 48378 83 45 lined lined JJ 48378 83 46 flue flue NN 48378 83 47 showing show VBG 48378 83 48 the the DT 48378 83 49 method method NN 48378 83 50 of of IN 48378 83 51 cutting cut VBG 48378 83 52 the the DT 48378 83 53 tile tile NN 48378 83 54 . . . 48378 83 55 ] ] -RRB- 48378 84 1 Chimneys chimney NNS 48378 84 2 in in IN 48378 84 3 frame frame NN 48378 84 4 buildings building NNS 48378 84 5 should should MD 48378 84 6 be be VB 48378 84 7 built build VBN 48378 84 8 from from IN 48378 84 9 the the DT 48378 84 10 ground ground NN 48378 84 11 up up RP 48378 84 12 or or CC 48378 84 13 should should MD 48378 84 14 rest rest VB 48378 84 15 on on IN 48378 84 16 the the DT 48378 84 17 foundation foundation NN 48378 84 18 or or CC 48378 84 19 basement basement NN 48378 84 20 walls wall NNS 48378 84 21 if if IN 48378 84 22 of of IN 48378 84 23 solid solid JJ 48378 84 24 masonry masonry NN 48378 84 25 12 12 CD 48378 84 26 inches inch NNS 48378 84 27 or or CC 48378 84 28 more more RBR 48378 84 29 thick thick JJ 48378 84 30 . . . 48378 85 1 A a DT 48378 85 2 chimney chimney NN 48378 85 3 resting rest VBG 48378 85 4 on on RP 48378 85 5 or or CC 48378 85 6 carried carry VBN 48378 85 7 by by IN 48378 85 8 wooden wooden JJ 48378 85 9 floors floor NNS 48378 85 10 , , , 48378 85 11 beams beam NNS 48378 85 12 , , , 48378 85 13 or or CC 48378 85 14 brackets bracket NNS 48378 85 15 or or CC 48378 85 16 hung hang VBD 48378 85 17 from from IN 48378 85 18 wooden wooden JJ 48378 85 19 rafters rafter NNS 48378 85 20 ( ( -LRB- 48378 85 21 fig fig NN 48378 85 22 . . . 48378 86 1 7 7 LS 48378 86 2 , , , 48378 86 3 _ _ NNP 48378 86 4 B B NNP 48378 86 5 _ _ NNP 48378 86 6 ) ) -RRB- 48378 86 7 is be VBZ 48378 86 8 a a DT 48378 86 9 fire fire NN 48378 86 10 hazard hazard NN 48378 86 11 . . . 48378 87 1 Wood wood NN 48378 87 2 framing framing NN 48378 87 3 shrinks shrink NNS 48378 87 4 , , , 48378 87 5 and and CC 48378 87 6 beams beam NNS 48378 87 7 supporting support VBG 48378 87 8 heavy heavy JJ 48378 87 9 loads load NNS 48378 87 10 deflect deflect NN 48378 87 11 in in IN 48378 87 12 time time NN 48378 87 13 . . . 48378 88 1 Sagging sag VBG 48378 88 2 beams beam NNS 48378 88 3 injure injure VBP 48378 88 4 the the DT 48378 88 5 walls wall NNS 48378 88 6 and and CC 48378 88 7 ceilings ceiling NNS 48378 88 8 of of IN 48378 88 9 the the DT 48378 88 10 house house NN 48378 88 11 and and CC 48378 88 12 are be VBP 48378 88 13 apt apt JJ 48378 88 14 to to TO 48378 88 15 crack crack VB 48378 88 16 the the DT 48378 88 17 chimney chimney NN 48378 88 18 , , , 48378 88 19 rendering render VBG 48378 88 20 it -PRON- PRP 48378 88 21 dangerous dangerous JJ 48378 88 22 . . . 48378 89 1 = = NFP 48378 89 2 Flue Flue NNP 48378 89 3 Linings= linings= NN 48378 89 4 Although although IN 48378 89 5 , , , 48378 89 6 to to TO 48378 89 7 save save VB 48378 89 8 expense expense NN 48378 89 9 , , , 48378 89 10 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 89 11 are be VBP 48378 89 12 built build VBN 48378 89 13 without without IN 48378 89 14 flue flue JJ 48378 89 15 lining lining NN 48378 89 16 , , , 48378 89 17 those those DT 48378 89 18 with with IN 48378 89 19 linings lining NNS 48378 89 20 are be VBP 48378 89 21 more more RBR 48378 89 22 efficient efficient JJ 48378 89 23 . . . 48378 90 1 When when WRB 48378 90 2 the the DT 48378 90 3 flue flue NN 48378 90 4 is be VBZ 48378 90 5 not not RB 48378 90 6 lined line VBN 48378 90 7 , , , 48378 90 8 the the DT 48378 90 9 mortar mortar NN 48378 90 10 and and CC 48378 90 11 bricks brick NNS 48378 90 12 directly directly RB 48378 90 13 exposed expose VBN 48378 90 14 to to IN 48378 90 15 the the DT 48378 90 16 action action NN 48378 90 17 of of IN 48378 90 18 fuel fuel NN 48378 90 19 gases gas NNS 48378 90 20 disintegrate disintegrate VBP 48378 90 21 . . . 48378 91 1 This this DT 48378 91 2 disintegration disintegration NN 48378 91 3 and and CC 48378 91 4 that that IN 48378 91 5 occurring occur VBG 48378 91 6 from from IN 48378 91 7 changes change NNS 48378 91 8 in in IN 48378 91 9 temperature temperature NN 48378 91 10 frequently frequently RB 48378 91 11 cause cause VBP 48378 91 12 cracks crack NNS 48378 91 13 in in IN 48378 91 14 the the DT 48378 91 15 masonry masonry NN 48378 91 16 , , , 48378 91 17 thereby thereby RB 48378 91 18 reducing reduce VBG 48378 91 19 the the DT 48378 91 20 draft draft NN 48378 91 21 . . . 48378 92 1 An an DT 48378 92 2 unlined unlined JJ 48378 92 3 chimney chimney NN 48378 92 4 is be VBZ 48378 92 5 best good JJS 48378 92 6 if if IN 48378 92 7 not not RB 48378 92 8 plastered plaster VBN 48378 92 9 except except IN 48378 92 10 at at IN 48378 92 11 the the DT 48378 92 12 sloped slope VBN 48378 92 13 section section NN 48378 92 14 ( ( -LRB- 48378 92 15 fig fig NN 48378 92 16 . . . 48378 93 1 8 8 LS 48378 93 2 , , , 48378 93 3 _ _ NNP 48378 93 4 A A NNP 48378 93 5 _ _ NNP 48378 93 6 ) ) -RRB- 48378 93 7 . . . 48378 94 1 However however RB 48378 94 2 , , , 48378 94 3 the the DT 48378 94 4 vertical vertical JJ 48378 94 5 and and CC 48378 94 6 horizontal horizontal JJ 48378 94 7 joints joint NNS 48378 94 8 should should MD 48378 94 9 be be VB 48378 94 10 filled fill VBN 48378 94 11 with with IN 48378 94 12 mortar mortar NN 48378 94 13 and and CC 48378 94 14 struck strike VBD 48378 94 15 smooth smooth JJ 48378 94 16 and and CC 48378 94 17 flush flush JJ 48378 94 18 with with IN 48378 94 19 the the DT 48378 94 20 wall wall NN 48378 94 21 . . . 48378 95 1 Offsets offset NNS 48378 95 2 or or CC 48378 95 3 bends bend NNS 48378 95 4 in in IN 48378 95 5 flues flue NNS 48378 95 6 ( ( -LRB- 48378 95 7 fig fig NN 48378 95 8 . . . 48378 96 1 8) 8) CD 48378 96 2 should should MD 48378 96 3 not not RB 48378 96 4 be be VB 48378 96 5 greater great JJR 48378 96 6 than than IN 48378 96 7 30 30 CD 48378 96 8 ° ° NNS 48378 96 9 with with IN 48378 96 10 the the DT 48378 96 11 vertical vertical NN 48378 96 12 . . . 48378 97 1 This this DT 48378 97 2 slope slope NN 48378 97 3 can can MD 48378 97 4 be be VB 48378 97 5 obtained obtain VBN 48378 97 6 by by IN 48378 97 7 offsetting offset VBG 48378 97 8 or or CC 48378 97 9 corbeling corbel VBG 48378 97 10 each each DT 48378 97 11 brick brick NN 48378 97 12 course course NN 48378 97 13 only only RB 48378 97 14 1 1 CD 48378 97 15 inch inch NN 48378 97 16 . . . 48378 98 1 Flue flue JJ 48378 98 2 lining lining NN 48378 98 3 must must MD 48378 98 4 withstand withstand VB 48378 98 5 rapid rapid JJ 48378 98 6 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 48378 98 7 in in IN 48378 98 8 temperature temperature NN 48378 98 9 and and CC 48378 98 10 be be VB 48378 98 11 resistant resistant JJ 48378 98 12 to to IN 48378 98 13 the the DT 48378 98 14 action action NN 48378 98 15 of of IN 48378 98 16 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 98 17 flue flue JJ 48378 98 18 gases gas NNS 48378 98 19 . . . 48378 99 1 The the DT 48378 99 2 shapes shape NNS 48378 99 3 used use VBD 48378 99 4 as as IN 48378 99 5 flue flue JJ 48378 99 6 lining lining NN 48378 99 7 should should MD 48378 99 8 be be VB 48378 99 9 of of IN 48378 99 10 fire fire NN 48378 99 11 - - HYPH 48378 99 12 clay clay NN 48378 99 13 , , , 48378 99 14 with with IN 48378 99 15 shells shell NNS 48378 99 16 not not RB 48378 99 17 less less JJR 48378 99 18 than than IN 48378 99 19 five five CD 48378 99 20 - - HYPH 48378 99 21 eighths eighth NNS 48378 99 22 of of IN 48378 99 23 an an DT 48378 99 24 inch inch NN 48378 99 25 thick thick JJ 48378 99 26 , , , 48378 99 27 and and CC 48378 99 28 should should MD 48378 99 29 be be VB 48378 99 30 vitrified vitrify VBN 48378 99 31 . . . 48378 100 1 As as IN 48378 100 2 a a DT 48378 100 3 safeguard safeguard NN 48378 100 4 against against IN 48378 100 5 over over RB 48378 100 6 - - HYPH 48378 100 7 burning burning NN 48378 100 8 and and CC 48378 100 9 brittleness brittleness NN 48378 100 10 , , , 48378 100 11 the the DT 48378 100 12 lining lining NN 48378 100 13 should should MD 48378 100 14 be be VB 48378 100 15 tested test VBN 48378 100 16 by by IN 48378 100 17 submersion submersion NN 48378 100 18 in in IN 48378 100 19 water water NN 48378 100 20 at at IN 48378 100 21 room room NN 48378 100 22 temperature temperature NN 48378 100 23 for for IN 48378 100 24 24 24 CD 48378 100 25 hours hour NNS 48378 100 26 , , , 48378 100 27 during during IN 48378 100 28 which which WDT 48378 100 29 a a DT 48378 100 30 quantity quantity NN 48378 100 31 of of IN 48378 100 32 water water NN 48378 100 33 weighing weigh VBG 48378 100 34 more more JJR 48378 100 35 than than IN 48378 100 36 3 3 CD 48378 100 37 percent percent NN 48378 100 38 of of IN 48378 100 39 the the DT 48378 100 40 dry dry JJ 48378 100 41 weight weight NN 48378 100 42 of of IN 48378 100 43 the the DT 48378 100 44 lining lining NN 48378 100 45 should should MD 48378 100 46 not not RB 48378 100 47 be be VB 48378 100 48 absorbed absorb VBN 48378 100 49 . . . 48378 101 1 Place place VB 48378 101 2 each each DT 48378 101 3 length length NN 48378 101 4 of of IN 48378 101 5 flue flue JJ 48378 101 6 lining lining NN 48378 101 7 in in IN 48378 101 8 position position NN 48378 101 9 , , , 48378 101 10 setting set VBG 48378 101 11 it -PRON- PRP 48378 101 12 in in IN 48378 101 13 cement cement NN 48378 101 14 mortar mortar NN 48378 101 15 with with IN 48378 101 16 the the DT 48378 101 17 joint joint JJ 48378 101 18 struck strike VBD 48378 101 19 smooth smooth JJ 48378 101 20 on on IN 48378 101 21 the the DT 48378 101 22 inside inside NN 48378 101 23 , , , 48378 101 24 and and CC 48378 101 25 then then RB 48378 101 26 lay lie VBD 48378 101 27 the the DT 48378 101 28 brick brick NN 48378 101 29 around around IN 48378 101 30 it -PRON- PRP 48378 101 31 . . . 48378 102 1 If if IN 48378 102 2 the the DT 48378 102 3 lining lining NN 48378 102 4 is be VBZ 48378 102 5 slipped slip VBN 48378 102 6 down down RB 48378 102 7 after after IN 48378 102 8 several several JJ 48378 102 9 courses course NNS 48378 102 10 of of IN 48378 102 11 brick brick NN 48378 102 12 have have VBP 48378 102 13 been be VBN 48378 102 14 laid lay VBN 48378 102 15 , , , 48378 102 16 the the DT 48378 102 17 joints joint NNS 48378 102 18 can can MD 48378 102 19 not not RB 48378 102 20 be be VB 48378 102 21 filled fill VBN 48378 102 22 and and CC 48378 102 23 leakage leakage NN 48378 102 24 is be VBZ 48378 102 25 almost almost RB 48378 102 26 sure sure JJ 48378 102 27 to to TO 48378 102 28 result result VB 48378 102 29 . . . 48378 103 1 Fill fill VB 48378 103 2 any any DT 48378 103 3 spaces space NNS 48378 103 4 between between IN 48378 103 5 the the DT 48378 103 6 lining lining NN 48378 103 7 and and CC 48378 103 8 the the DT 48378 103 9 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 103 10 completely completely RB 48378 103 11 with with IN 48378 103 12 mortar mortar NN 48378 103 13 , , , 48378 103 14 especially especially RB 48378 103 15 if if IN 48378 103 16 the the DT 48378 103 17 round round JJ 48378 103 18 type type NN 48378 103 19 of of IN 48378 103 20 flue flue NN 48378 103 21 is be VBZ 48378 103 22 used use VBN 48378 103 23 . . . 48378 104 1 The the DT 48378 104 2 lower low JJR 48378 104 3 section section NN 48378 104 4 of of IN 48378 104 5 flue flue JJ 48378 104 6 lining lining NN 48378 104 7 , , , 48378 104 8 unless unless IN 48378 104 9 resting rest VBG 48378 104 10 on on RP 48378 104 11 solid solid JJ 48378 104 12 masonry masonry NN 48378 104 13 at at IN 48378 104 14 the the DT 48378 104 15 bottom bottom NN 48378 104 16 of of IN 48378 104 17 the the DT 48378 104 18 flue flue NN 48378 104 19 , , , 48378 104 20 should should MD 48378 104 21 be be VB 48378 104 22 supported support VBN 48378 104 23 on on IN 48378 104 24 at at RB 48378 104 25 least least RBS 48378 104 26 three three CD 48378 104 27 sides side NNS 48378 104 28 by by IN 48378 104 29 brick brick NN 48378 104 30 courses course NNS 48378 104 31 projecting project VBG 48378 104 32 to to IN 48378 104 33 the the DT 48378 104 34 inside inside JJ 48378 104 35 surface surface NN 48378 104 36 of of IN 48378 104 37 the the DT 48378 104 38 lining lining NN 48378 104 39 . . . 48378 105 1 When when WRB 48378 105 2 laying lay VBG 48378 105 3 brick brick NN 48378 105 4 and and CC 48378 105 5 lining lining NN 48378 105 6 , , , 48378 105 7 it -PRON- PRP 48378 105 8 is be VBZ 48378 105 9 advisable advisable JJ 48378 105 10 to to TO 48378 105 11 draw draw VB 48378 105 12 up up RP 48378 105 13 a a DT 48378 105 14 tight tight RB 48378 105 15 - - HYPH 48378 105 16 fitting fit VBG 48378 105 17 bag bag NN 48378 105 18 of of IN 48378 105 19 straw straw NN 48378 105 20 as as IN 48378 105 21 the the DT 48378 105 22 work work NN 48378 105 23 progresses progress VBZ 48378 105 24 so so IN 48378 105 25 as as IN 48378 105 26 to to TO 48378 105 27 catch catch VB 48378 105 28 material material NN 48378 105 29 that that WDT 48378 105 30 might may MD 48378 105 31 fall fall VB 48378 105 32 and and CC 48378 105 33 block block VB 48378 105 34 the the DT 48378 105 35 flue flue NN 48378 105 36 . . . 48378 106 1 Where where WRB 48378 106 2 offsets offset NNS 48378 106 3 or or CC 48378 106 4 bends bend NNS 48378 106 5 are be VBP 48378 106 6 necessary necessary JJ 48378 106 7 in in IN 48378 106 8 lined line VBN 48378 106 9 flues flue NNS 48378 106 10 , , , 48378 106 11 tight tight JJ 48378 106 12 joints joint NNS 48378 106 13 can can MD 48378 106 14 be be VB 48378 106 15 made make VBN 48378 106 16 by by IN 48378 106 17 mitering miter VBG 48378 106 18 or or CC 48378 106 19 cutting cut VBG 48378 106 20 equally equally RB 48378 106 21 the the DT 48378 106 22 ends end NNS 48378 106 23 of of IN 48378 106 24 abutting abut VBG 48378 106 25 sections section NNS 48378 106 26 ( ( -LRB- 48378 106 27 fig fig NN 48378 106 28 . . . 48378 107 1 8 8 LS 48378 107 2 , , , 48378 107 3 _ _ NNP 48378 107 4 B B NNP 48378 107 5 _ _ NNP 48378 107 6 ) ) -RRB- 48378 107 7 . . . 48378 108 1 This this DT 48378 108 2 can can MD 48378 108 3 be be VB 48378 108 4 done do VBN 48378 108 5 if if IN 48378 108 6 a a DT 48378 108 7 cement cement NN 48378 108 8 sack sack NN 48378 108 9 of of IN 48378 108 10 damp damp JJ 48378 108 11 sand sand NN 48378 108 12 is be VBZ 48378 108 13 stuffed stuff VBN 48378 108 14 firmly firmly RB 48378 108 15 into into IN 48378 108 16 the the DT 48378 108 17 lining lining NN 48378 108 18 and and CC 48378 108 19 a a DT 48378 108 20 sharp sharp JJ 48378 108 21 chisel chisel NN 48378 108 22 is be VBZ 48378 108 23 tapped tap VBN 48378 108 24 with with IN 48378 108 25 a a DT 48378 108 26 light light JJ 48378 108 27 hammer hammer NN 48378 108 28 along along IN 48378 108 29 the the DT 48378 108 30 line line NN 48378 108 31 where where WRB 48378 108 32 the the DT 48378 108 33 cut cut NN 48378 108 34 is be VBZ 48378 108 35 desired desire VBN 48378 108 36 . . . 48378 109 1 If if IN 48378 109 2 the the DT 48378 109 3 cutting cutting NN 48378 109 4 is be VBZ 48378 109 5 done do VBN 48378 109 6 after after IN 48378 109 7 the the DT 48378 109 8 lining lining NN 48378 109 9 is be VBZ 48378 109 10 built build VBN 48378 109 11 into into IN 48378 109 12 the the DT 48378 109 13 chimney chimney NN 48378 109 14 , , , 48378 109 15 the the DT 48378 109 16 lining lining NN 48378 109 17 may may MD 48378 109 18 be be VB 48378 109 19 broken break VBN 48378 109 20 and and CC 48378 109 21 fall fall VB 48378 109 22 out out IN 48378 109 23 of of IN 48378 109 24 place place NN 48378 109 25 . . . 48378 110 1 The the DT 48378 110 2 hole hole NN 48378 110 3 for for IN 48378 110 4 the the DT 48378 110 5 thimble thimble NN 48378 110 6 can can MD 48378 110 7 be be VB 48378 110 8 cut cut VBN 48378 110 9 the the DT 48378 110 10 same same JJ 48378 110 11 way way NN 48378 110 12 when when WRB 48378 110 13 a a DT 48378 110 14 special special JJ 48378 110 15 thimble thimble NN 48378 110 16 section section NN 48378 110 17 is be VBZ 48378 110 18 not not RB 48378 110 19 used use VBN 48378 110 20 . . . 48378 111 1 The the DT 48378 111 2 linings lining NNS 48378 111 3 commonly commonly RB 48378 111 4 used use VBN 48378 111 5 are be VBP 48378 111 6 rectangular rectangular JJ 48378 111 7 or or CC 48378 111 8 round round JJ 48378 111 9 . . . 48378 112 1 Rectangular rectangular JJ 48378 112 2 linings lining NNS 48378 112 3 are be VBP 48378 112 4 better well RBR 48378 112 5 adapted adapt VBN 48378 112 6 to to TO 48378 112 7 brick brick NN 48378 112 8 construction construction NN 48378 112 9 than than IN 48378 112 10 round round JJ 48378 112 11 linings lining NNS 48378 112 12 , , , 48378 112 13 but but CC 48378 112 14 the the DT 48378 112 15 latter latter JJ 48378 112 16 are be VBP 48378 112 17 considered consider VBN 48378 112 18 more more RBR 48378 112 19 efficient efficient JJ 48378 112 20 . . . 48378 113 1 The the DT 48378 113 2 sizes size NNS 48378 113 3 commonly commonly RB 48378 113 4 used use VBN 48378 113 5 are be VBP 48378 113 6 indicated indicate VBN 48378 113 7 in in IN 48378 113 8 table table NN 48378 113 9 2 2 CD 48378 113 10 . . . 48378 114 1 = = NFP 48378 114 2 Wall Wall NNP 48378 114 3 Thickness= Thickness= NNS 48378 114 4 Walls wall NNS 48378 114 5 of of IN 48378 114 6 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 114 7 not not RB 48378 114 8 more more JJR 48378 114 9 than than IN 48378 114 10 30 30 CD 48378 114 11 feet foot NNS 48378 114 12 high high JJ 48378 114 13 when when WRB 48378 114 14 lined line VBN 48378 114 15 should should MD 48378 114 16 be be VB 48378 114 17 4 4 CD 48378 114 18 inches inch NNS 48378 114 19 thick thick JJ 48378 114 20 if if IN 48378 114 21 of of IN 48378 114 22 brick brick NN 48378 114 23 and and CC 48378 114 24 reinforced reinforce VBN 48378 114 25 concrete concrete JJ 48378 114 26 , , , 48378 114 27 8 8 CD 48378 114 28 inches inch NNS 48378 114 29 if if IN 48378 114 30 of of IN 48378 114 31 hollow hollow JJ 48378 114 32 building building NN 48378 114 33 units unit NNS 48378 114 34 , , , 48378 114 35 and and CC 48378 114 36 12 12 CD 48378 114 37 inches inch NNS 48378 114 38 if if IN 48378 114 39 of of IN 48378 114 40 stone stone NN 48378 114 41 . . . 48378 115 1 Linings lining NNS 48378 115 2 may may MD 48378 115 3 be be VB 48378 115 4 omitted omit VBN 48378 115 5 in in IN 48378 115 6 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 115 7 having have VBG 48378 115 8 walls wall NNS 48378 115 9 of of IN 48378 115 10 reinforced reinforce VBN 48378 115 11 concrete concrete NN 48378 115 12 at at RB 48378 115 13 least least RBS 48378 115 14 6 6 CD 48378 115 15 inches inch NNS 48378 115 16 thick thick JJ 48378 115 17 or or CC 48378 115 18 of of IN 48378 115 19 unreinforced unreinforced JJ 48378 115 20 concrete concrete NN 48378 115 21 or or CC 48378 115 22 brick brick NN 48378 115 23 at at RB 48378 115 24 least least JJS 48378 115 25 8 8 CD 48378 115 26 inches inch NNS 48378 115 27 thick thick JJ 48378 115 28 , , , 48378 115 29 although although IN 48378 115 30 lining lining NN 48378 115 31 is be VBZ 48378 115 32 desirable desirable JJ 48378 115 33 in in IN 48378 115 34 the the DT 48378 115 35 case case NN 48378 115 36 of of IN 48378 115 37 brick brick NN 48378 115 38 construction construction NN 48378 115 39 . . . 48378 116 1 Also also RB 48378 116 2 the the DT 48378 116 3 outside outside JJ 48378 116 4 wall wall NN 48378 116 5 of of IN 48378 116 6 a a DT 48378 116 7 chimney chimney NN 48378 116 8 exposed expose VBN 48378 116 9 to to IN 48378 116 10 the the DT 48378 116 11 weather weather NN 48378 116 12 is be VBZ 48378 116 13 best well RBS 48378 116 14 made make VBN 48378 116 15 at at IN 48378 116 16 least least RBS 48378 116 17 8 8 CD 48378 116 18 inches inch NNS 48378 116 19 thick thick JJ 48378 116 20 . . . 48378 117 1 In in IN 48378 117 2 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 117 3 containing contain VBG 48378 117 4 three three CD 48378 117 5 or or CC 48378 117 6 more more JJR 48378 117 7 flues flue NNS 48378 117 8 , , , 48378 117 9 building building NN 48378 117 10 codes code NNS 48378 117 11 generally generally RB 48378 117 12 require require VBP 48378 117 13 that that IN 48378 117 14 each each DT 48378 117 15 group group NN 48378 117 16 of of IN 48378 117 17 two two CD 48378 117 18 flues flue NNS 48378 117 19 be be VB 48378 117 20 separated separate VBN 48378 117 21 from from IN 48378 117 22 the the DT 48378 117 23 other other JJ 48378 117 24 single single JJ 48378 117 25 flue flue NN 48378 117 26 or or CC 48378 117 27 group group NN 48378 117 28 of of IN 48378 117 29 two two CD 48378 117 30 flues flue NNS 48378 117 31 by by IN 48378 117 32 brick brick NN 48378 117 33 divisions division NNS 48378 117 34 or or CC 48378 117 35 withes withe NNS 48378 117 36 not not RB 48378 117 37 less less JJR 48378 117 38 than than IN 48378 117 39 3¾ 3¾ CD 48378 117 40 inches inch NNS 48378 117 41 wide wide JJ 48378 117 42 ( ( -LRB- 48378 117 43 fig fig NN 48378 117 44 . . . 48378 118 1 9 9 LS 48378 118 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 118 3 . . . 48378 119 1 Where where WRB 48378 119 2 two two CD 48378 119 3 flues flue NNS 48378 119 4 are be VBP 48378 119 5 grouped group VBN 48378 119 6 without without IN 48378 119 7 divisions division NNS 48378 119 8 , , , 48378 119 9 joints joint NNS 48378 119 10 in in IN 48378 119 11 the the DT 48378 119 12 linings lining NNS 48378 119 13 of of IN 48378 119 14 adjacent adjacent JJ 48378 119 15 flues flue NNS 48378 119 16 are be VBP 48378 119 17 safer safe JJR 48378 119 18 if if IN 48378 119 19 staggered stagger VBN 48378 119 20 at at IN 48378 119 21 least least JJS 48378 119 22 7 7 CD 48378 119 23 inches inch NNS 48378 119 24 , , , 48378 119 25 and and CC 48378 119 26 particular particular JJ 48378 119 27 care care NN 48378 119 28 should should MD 48378 119 29 be be VB 48378 119 30 taken take VBN 48378 119 31 to to TO 48378 119 32 have have VB 48378 119 33 all all DT 48378 119 34 joints joint NNS 48378 119 35 filled fill VBN 48378 119 36 with with IN 48378 119 37 mortar mortar NN 48378 119 38 . . . 48378 120 1 Individual individual JJ 48378 120 2 flues flue NNS 48378 120 3 are be VBP 48378 120 4 advisable advisable JJ 48378 120 5 for for IN 48378 120 6 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 120 7 and and CC 48378 120 8 heating heating NN 48378 120 9 furnaces furnace NNS 48378 120 10 or or CC 48378 120 11 boilers boiler NNS 48378 120 12 . . . 48378 121 1 Table table NN 48378 121 2 2.--_Dimensions 2.--_dimensions CD 48378 121 3 of of IN 48378 121 4 commonly commonly RB 48378 121 5 used use VBN 48378 121 6 standard standard JJ 48378 121 7 commercial commercial JJ 48378 121 8 flue flue NN 48378 121 9 lining lining NN 48378 121 10 _ _ NNP 48378 121 11 Rectangular Rectangular NNP 48378 121 12 linings[B linings[B NFP 48378 121 13 ] ] -RRB- 48378 121 14 Outside Outside NNP 48378 121 15 Cross cross JJ 48378 121 16 - - JJ 48378 121 17 sectional sectional JJ 48378 121 18 area area NN 48378 121 19 Wall Wall NNP 48378 121 20 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 121 21 --------------------- --------------------- NFP 48378 121 22 thickness thickness NN 48378 121 23 ( ( -LRB- 48378 121 24 inches inch NNS 48378 121 25 ) ) -RRB- 48378 121 26 Inside inside IN 48378 121 27 Outside Outside NNP 48378 121 28 ----------- ----------- NFP 48378 121 29 ---------- ---------- NFP 48378 121 30 -------- -------- NFP 48378 121 31 ---------- ---------- NFP 48378 121 32 Square Square NNP 48378 121 33 Square Square NNP 48378 121 34 inches inch NNS 48378 121 35 feet foot NNS 48378 121 36 Inches Inches NNP 48378 121 37 4½ 4½ NNP 48378 121 38 by by IN 48378 121 39 8½ 8½ CD 48378 121 40 23.6 23.6 CD 48378 121 41 0.26 0.26 CD 48378 121 42 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 121 43 4½ 4½ NN 48378 121 44 by by IN 48378 121 45 13 13 CD 48378 121 46 38.2 38.2 CD 48378 121 47 .41 .41 CD 48378 121 48 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 121 49 7½ 7½ CD 48378 121 50 by by IN 48378 121 51 7½ 7½ CD 48378 121 52 39.1 39.1 CD 48378 121 53 .39 .39 CD 48378 121 54 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 121 55 8½ 8½ CD 48378 121 56 by by IN 48378 121 57 8½ 8½ CD 48378 121 58 52.6 52.6 CD 48378 121 59 .50 .50 CD 48378 121 60 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 121 61 8½ 8½ CD 48378 121 62 by by IN 48378 121 63 13 13 CD 48378 121 64 80.5 80.5 CD 48378 121 65 .78 .78 CD 48378 121 66 3/4 3/4 CD 48378 121 67 8½ 8½ CD 48378 121 68 by by IN 48378 121 69 18 18 CD 48378 121 70 109.7 109.7 CD 48378 121 71 1.10 1.10 CD 48378 121 72 7/8 7/8 CD 48378 121 73 13 13 CD 48378 121 74 by by IN 48378 121 75 13 13 CD 48378 121 76 126.6 126.6 CD 48378 121 77 1.20 1.20 CD 48378 121 78 7/8 7/8 CD 48378 121 79 13 13 CD 48378 121 80 by by IN 48378 121 81 18 18 CD 48378 121 82 182.8 182.8 CD 48378 121 83 1.70 1.70 CD 48378 121 84 7/8 7/8 CD 48378 121 85 18 18 CD 48378 121 86 by by IN 48378 121 87 18 18 CD 48378 121 88 248.1 248.1 CD 48378 121 89 2.30 2.30 CD 48378 121 90 1 1 CD 48378 121 91 - - SYM 48378 121 92 1/8 1/8 CD 48378 121 93 20 20 CD 48378 121 94 by by IN 48378 121 95 20 20 CD 48378 121 96 297.6 297.6 CD 48378 121 97 2.60 2.60 CD 48378 121 98 1 1 CD 48378 121 99 - - SYM 48378 121 100 3/8 3/8 CD 48378 121 101 Round round NN 48378 121 102 linings[C linings[C . 48378 121 103 ] ] -RRB- 48378 121 104 Inside Inside NNP 48378 121 105 Cross cross JJ 48378 121 106 - - JJ 48378 121 107 sectional sectional JJ 48378 121 108 area area NN 48378 121 109 Wall Wall NNP 48378 121 110 diameter diameter NNP 48378 121 111 --------------------- --------------------- HYPH 48378 121 112 thickness thickness NN 48378 121 113 ( ( -LRB- 48378 121 114 inches inch NNS 48378 121 115 ) ) -RRB- 48378 121 116 Inside inside IN 48378 121 117 Outside Outside NNP 48378 121 118 ----------- ----------- NFP 48378 121 119 ---------- ---------- NFP 48378 121 120 -------- -------- NFP 48378 121 121 ---------- ---------- NFP 48378 121 122 Square Square NNP 48378 121 123 Square Square NNP 48378 121 124 inches inch NNS 48378 121 125 feet foot NNS 48378 121 126 Inches Inches NNP 48378 121 127 6 6 CD 48378 121 128 28.3 28.3 CD 48378 121 129 0.29 0.29 CD 48378 121 130 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 121 131 8 8 CD 48378 121 132 50.3 50.3 CD 48378 121 133 .49 .49 CD 48378 121 134 3/4 3/4 CD 48378 121 135 10 10 CD 48378 121 136 78.5 78.5 CD 48378 121 137 .75 .75 CD 48378 121 138 7/8 7/8 CD 48378 121 139 12 12 CD 48378 121 140 113.0 113.0 CD 48378 121 141 1.07 1.07 CD 48378 121 142 1 1 CD 48378 121 143 15 15 CD 48378 121 144 176.7 176.7 CD 48378 121 145 1.62 1.62 CD 48378 121 146 1 1 CD 48378 121 147 - - SYM 48378 121 148 1/8 1/8 CD 48378 121 149 18 18 CD 48378 121 150 254.4 254.4 CD 48378 121 151 2.29 2.29 CD 48378 121 152 1 1 CD 48378 121 153 - - SYM 48378 121 154 1/4 1/4 CD 48378 121 155 20 20 CD 48378 121 156 314.1 314.1 CD 48378 121 157 2.82 2.82 CD 48378 121 158 1 1 CD 48378 121 159 - - SYM 48378 121 160 3/8 3/8 CD 48378 121 161 22 22 CD 48378 121 162 380.1 380.1 CD 48378 121 163 3.48 3.48 CD 48378 121 164 1 1 CD 48378 121 165 - - SYM 48378 121 166 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 121 167 24 24 CD 48378 121 168 452.3 452.3 CD 48378 121 169 4.05 4.05 CD 48378 121 170 1 1 CD 48378 121 171 - - SYM 48378 121 172 5/8 5/8 CD 48378 121 173 27 27 CD 48378 121 174 572.5 572.5 CD 48378 121 175 5.20 5.20 CD 48378 121 176 2 2 CD 48378 121 177 [ [ -LRB- 48378 121 178 B b NN 48378 121 179 ] ] -RRB- 48378 121 180 All all DT 48378 121 181 rectangular rectangular JJ 48378 121 182 flue flue JJ 48378 121 183 lining lining NN 48378 121 184 is be VBZ 48378 121 185 2 2 CD 48378 121 186 feet foot NNS 48378 121 187 long long JJ 48378 121 188 . . . 48378 122 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 122 2 C C NNP 48378 122 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 122 4 Round round JJ 48378 122 5 flue flue JJ 48378 122 6 lining lining NN 48378 122 7 , , , 48378 122 8 6 6 CD 48378 122 9 to to TO 48378 122 10 24 24 CD 48378 122 11 inches inch NNS 48378 122 12 in in IN 48378 122 13 diameter diameter NN 48378 122 14 , , , 48378 122 15 is be VBZ 48378 122 16 2 2 CD 48378 122 17 feet foot NNS 48378 122 18 long long JJ 48378 122 19 ; ; : 48378 122 20 that that IN 48378 122 21 27 27 CD 48378 122 22 to to TO 48378 122 23 36 36 CD 48378 122 24 inches inch NNS 48378 122 25 in in IN 48378 122 26 diameter diameter NN 48378 122 27 is be VBZ 48378 122 28 2½ 2½ CD 48378 122 29 or or CC 48378 122 30 3 3 CD 48378 122 31 feet foot NNS 48378 122 32 long long JJ 48378 122 33 . . . 48378 123 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 123 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 123 3 : : : 48378 123 4 Figure figure NN 48378 123 5 9.--Cross 9.--Cross NNP 48378 123 6 section section NN 48378 123 7 of of IN 48378 123 8 chimney chimney NN 48378 123 9 showing show VBG 48378 123 10 the the DT 48378 123 11 proper proper JJ 48378 123 12 arrangement arrangement NN 48378 123 13 for for IN 48378 123 14 three three CD 48378 123 15 flues flue NNS 48378 123 16 . . . 48378 124 1 The the DT 48378 124 2 division division NN 48378 124 3 wall wall NN 48378 124 4 should should MD 48378 124 5 be be VB 48378 124 6 well well RB 48378 124 7 bonded bond VBN 48378 124 8 with with IN 48378 124 9 the the DT 48378 124 10 side side NN 48378 124 11 walls wall NNS 48378 124 12 by by IN 48378 124 13 staggering stagger VBG 48378 124 14 the the DT 48378 124 15 joints joint NNS 48378 124 16 of of IN 48378 124 17 successive successive JJ 48378 124 18 courses course NNS 48378 124 19 . . . 48378 125 1 Note note VB 48378 125 2 the the DT 48378 125 3 studs stud NNS 48378 125 4 are be VBP 48378 125 5 kept keep VBN 48378 125 6 2 2 CD 48378 125 7 inches inch NNS 48378 125 8 away away RB 48378 125 9 from from IN 48378 125 10 the the DT 48378 125 11 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 125 12 for for IN 48378 125 13 reasons reason NNS 48378 125 14 explained explain VBN 48378 125 15 on on IN 48378 125 16 page page NN 48378 125 17 14 14 CD 48378 125 18 . . . 48378 125 19 ] ] -RRB- 48378 126 1 When when WRB 48378 126 2 two two CD 48378 126 3 or or CC 48378 126 4 more more JJR 48378 126 5 flues flue NNS 48378 126 6 are be VBP 48378 126 7 used use VBN 48378 126 8 in in IN 48378 126 9 unlined unlined JJ 48378 126 10 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 126 11 , , , 48378 126 12 they -PRON- PRP 48378 126 13 must must MD 48378 126 14 be be VB 48378 126 15 separated separate VBN 48378 126 16 by by IN 48378 126 17 well well RB 48378 126 18 - - HYPH 48378 126 19 bonded bond VBN 48378 126 20 withes withe NNS 48378 126 21 8 8 CD 48378 126 22 niches niche NNS 48378 126 23 thick thick JJ 48378 126 24 . . . 48378 127 1 An an DT 48378 127 2 attractive attractive JJ 48378 127 3 and and CC 48378 127 4 effective effective JJ 48378 127 5 method method NN 48378 127 6 of of IN 48378 127 7 separating separate VBG 48378 127 8 unlined unlined JJ 48378 127 9 flues flue NNS 48378 127 10 in in IN 48378 127 11 colonial colonial JJ 48378 127 12 times time NNS 48378 127 13 is be VBZ 48378 127 14 shown show VBN 48378 127 15 in in IN 48378 127 16 figure figure NN 48378 127 17 10 10 CD 48378 127 18 . . . 48378 128 1 Chimneys chimney NNS 48378 128 2 extending extend VBG 48378 128 3 above above IN 48378 128 4 the the DT 48378 128 5 roof roof NN 48378 128 6 are be VBP 48378 128 7 exposed expose VBN 48378 128 8 to to IN 48378 128 9 the the DT 48378 128 10 wind wind NN 48378 128 11 and and CC 48378 128 12 may may MD 48378 128 13 sway sway VB 48378 128 14 enough enough RB 48378 128 15 during during IN 48378 128 16 a a DT 48378 128 17 gale gale NN 48378 128 18 to to TO 48378 128 19 open open VB 48378 128 20 up up RP 48378 128 21 the the DT 48378 128 22 mortar mortar NN 48378 128 23 joints joint NNS 48378 128 24 at at IN 48378 128 25 the the DT 48378 128 26 roof roof NN 48378 128 27 line line NN 48378 128 28 . . . 48378 129 1 Openings opening NNS 48378 129 2 in in IN 48378 129 3 a a DT 48378 129 4 flue flue NN 48378 129 5 at at IN 48378 129 6 this this DT 48378 129 7 point point NN 48378 129 8 are be VBP 48378 129 9 especially especially RB 48378 129 10 dangerous dangerous JJ 48378 129 11 because because IN 48378 129 12 sparks spark NNS 48378 129 13 from from IN 48378 129 14 the the DT 48378 129 15 flue flue NN 48378 129 16 may may MD 48378 129 17 come come VB 48378 129 18 in in IN 48378 129 19 contact contact NN 48378 129 20 with with IN 48378 129 21 the the DT 48378 129 22 woodwork woodwork NN 48378 129 23 of of IN 48378 129 24 the the DT 48378 129 25 roof roof NN 48378 129 26 . . . 48378 130 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 130 2 is be VBZ 48378 130 3 therefore therefore RB 48378 130 4 good good JJ 48378 130 5 practice practice NN 48378 130 6 to to TO 48378 130 7 make make VB 48378 130 8 the the DT 48378 130 9 upper upper JJ 48378 130 10 walls wall NNS 48378 130 11 8 8 CD 48378 130 12 inches inch NNS 48378 130 13 thick thick JJ 48378 130 14 ( ( -LRB- 48378 130 15 fig fig NN 48378 130 16 . . . 48378 131 1 11 11 LS 48378 131 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 131 3 by by IN 48378 131 4 starting start VBG 48378 131 5 to to TO 48378 131 6 offset offset VB 48378 131 7 the the DT 48378 131 8 bricks brick NNS 48378 131 9 just just RB 48378 131 10 below below IN 48378 131 11 the the DT 48378 131 12 intersection intersection NN 48378 131 13 with with IN 48378 131 14 the the DT 48378 131 15 roof roof NN 48378 131 16 . . . 48378 132 1 The the DT 48378 132 2 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 132 3 around around IN 48378 132 4 all all DT 48378 132 5 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 132 6 and and CC 48378 132 7 flues flue NNS 48378 132 8 should should MD 48378 132 9 be be VB 48378 132 10 laid lay VBN 48378 132 11 with with IN 48378 132 12 cement cement NN 48378 132 13 mortar mortar NN 48378 132 14 , , , 48378 132 15 as as IN 48378 132 16 it -PRON- PRP 48378 132 17 is be VBZ 48378 132 18 more more RBR 48378 132 19 resistant resistant JJ 48378 132 20 than than IN 48378 132 21 lime lime JJ 48378 132 22 mortar mortar NN 48378 132 23 to to IN 48378 132 24 the the DT 48378 132 25 action action NN 48378 132 26 of of IN 48378 132 27 heat heat NN 48378 132 28 and and CC 48378 132 29 flue flue JJ 48378 132 30 gases gas NNS 48378 132 31 . . . 48378 133 1 A a DT 48378 133 2 good good JJ 48378 133 3 mortar mortar NN 48378 133 4 to to TO 48378 133 5 use use VB 48378 133 6 in in IN 48378 133 7 setting set VBG 48378 133 8 flue flue JJ 48378 133 9 linings lining NNS 48378 133 10 and and CC 48378 133 11 all all DT 48378 133 12 chimney chimney NN 48378 133 13 masonry masonry NN 48378 133 14 , , , 48378 133 15 except except IN 48378 133 16 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 133 17 , , , 48378 133 18 consists consist VBZ 48378 133 19 of of IN 48378 133 20 1 1 CD 48378 133 21 part part NN 48378 133 22 portland portland NNP 48378 133 23 cement cement NN 48378 133 24 , , , 48378 133 25 1 1 CD 48378 133 26 part part NN 48378 133 27 hydrated hydrate VBN 48378 133 28 lime lime NN 48378 133 29 , , , 48378 133 30 and and CC 48378 133 31 6 6 CD 48378 133 32 parts part NNS 48378 133 33 clean clean JJ 48378 133 34 sand sand NN 48378 133 35 , , , 48378 133 36 measured measure VBN 48378 133 37 by by IN 48378 133 38 volume volume NN 48378 133 39 . . . 48378 134 1 Slacked slacked JJ 48378 134 2 - - HYPH 48378 134 3 lime lime NN 48378 134 4 putty putty NN 48378 134 5 may may MD 48378 134 6 be be VB 48378 134 7 used use VBN 48378 134 8 in in IN 48378 134 9 place place NN 48378 134 10 of of IN 48378 134 11 hydrated hydrated JJ 48378 134 12 lime lime NN 48378 134 13 ; ; : 48378 134 14 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 134 15 is be VBZ 48378 134 16 best best RB 48378 134 17 laid lay VBN 48378 134 18 in in IN 48378 134 19 fire fire NN 48378 134 20 - - HYPH 48378 134 21 clay clay NN 48378 134 22 . . . 48378 135 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 135 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 135 3 : : : 48378 135 4 Figure figure NN 48378 135 5 10.--This 10.--this CD 48378 135 6 Williamsburg Williamsburg NNP 48378 135 7 chimney chimney NN 48378 135 8 shows show VBZ 48378 135 9 the the DT 48378 135 10 pains pain NNS 48378 135 11 taken take VBN 48378 135 12 to to TO 48378 135 13 make make VB 48378 135 14 the the DT 48378 135 15 chimney chimney NN 48378 135 16 attractive attractive JJ 48378 135 17 . . . 48378 136 1 The the DT 48378 136 2 three three CD 48378 136 3 flues flue NNS 48378 136 4 are be VBP 48378 136 5 arranged arrange VBN 48378 136 6 as as IN 48378 136 7 a a DT 48378 136 8 T t NN 48378 136 9 with with IN 48378 136 10 well well RB 48378 136 11 - - HYPH 48378 136 12 bonded bond VBN 48378 136 13 withes withe NNS 48378 136 14 between between IN 48378 136 15 them -PRON- PRP 48378 136 16 . . . 48378 137 1 Often often RB 48378 137 2 four four CD 48378 137 3 flues flue NNS 48378 137 4 were be VBD 48378 137 5 used use VBN 48378 137 6 in in IN 48378 137 7 the the DT 48378 137 8 form form NN 48378 137 9 of of IN 48378 137 10 a a DT 48378 137 11 cross cross NN 48378 137 12 . . . 48378 137 13 ] ] -RRB- 48378 138 1 _ _ NNP 48378 138 2 Openings Openings NNP 48378 138 3 Into into IN 48378 138 4 the the DT 48378 138 5 Chimney Chimney NNP 48378 138 6 _ _ NNP 48378 138 7 No no DT 48378 138 8 range range NN 48378 138 9 , , , 48378 138 10 stove stove NN 48378 138 11 , , , 48378 138 12 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 138 13 , , , 48378 138 14 or or CC 48378 138 15 ventilating ventilate VBG 48378 138 16 register register NN 48378 138 17 should should MD 48378 138 18 be be VB 48378 138 19 connected connect VBN 48378 138 20 with with IN 48378 138 21 the the DT 48378 138 22 flue flue NN 48378 138 23 being be VBG 48378 138 24 used use VBN 48378 138 25 for for IN 48378 138 26 the the DT 48378 138 27 heating heating NN 48378 138 28 apparatus apparatus NN 48378 138 29 because because IN 48378 138 30 this this DT 48378 138 31 is be VBZ 48378 138 32 a a DT 48378 138 33 frequent frequent JJ 48378 138 34 cause cause NN 48378 138 35 of of IN 48378 138 36 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 48378 138 37 operation operation NN 48378 138 38 . . . 48378 139 1 Fires fire NNS 48378 139 2 may may MD 48378 139 3 occur occur VB 48378 139 4 from from IN 48378 139 5 sparks spark NNS 48378 139 6 passing pass VBG 48378 139 7 into into IN 48378 139 8 one one CD 48378 139 9 flue flue NN 48378 139 10 opening opening NN 48378 139 11 and and CC 48378 139 12 out out RB 48378 139 13 through through IN 48378 139 14 another another DT 48378 139 15 where where WRB 48378 139 16 there there EX 48378 139 17 are be VBP 48378 139 18 two two CD 48378 139 19 connections connection NNS 48378 139 20 to to IN 48378 139 21 the the DT 48378 139 22 same same JJ 48378 139 23 flue flue NN 48378 139 24 . . . 48378 140 1 If if IN 48378 140 2 an an DT 48378 140 3 abandoned abandon VBN 48378 140 4 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 140 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 140 6 is be VBZ 48378 140 7 to to TO 48378 140 8 be be VB 48378 140 9 used use VBN 48378 140 10 for for IN 48378 140 11 a a DT 48378 140 12 range range NN 48378 140 13 or or CC 48378 140 14 stove stove NN 48378 140 15 , , , 48378 140 16 close close VB 48378 140 17 the the DT 48378 140 18 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 140 19 flue flue NN 48378 140 20 tight tight RB 48378 140 21 about about IN 48378 140 22 a a DT 48378 140 23 foot foot NN 48378 140 24 below below IN 48378 140 25 the the DT 48378 140 26 smoke smoke NN 48378 140 27 pipe pipe NN 48378 140 28 hole hole NN 48378 140 29 . . . 48378 141 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 141 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 141 3 : : : 48378 141 4 Figure figure NN 48378 141 5 11.--Greater 11.--greater CD 48378 141 6 resistance resistance NN 48378 141 7 to to IN 48378 141 8 the the DT 48378 141 9 weather weather NN 48378 141 10 is be VBZ 48378 141 11 provided provide VBN 48378 141 12 by by IN 48378 141 13 building build VBG 48378 141 14 the the DT 48378 141 15 exposed exposed JJ 48378 141 16 upper upper JJ 48378 141 17 section section NN 48378 141 18 of of IN 48378 141 19 a a DT 48378 141 20 chimney chimney NN 48378 141 21 with with IN 48378 141 22 8-inch 8-inch CD 48378 141 23 walls wall NNS 48378 141 24 . . . 48378 142 1 Also also RB 48378 142 2 the the DT 48378 142 3 mortar mortar NN 48378 142 4 joint joint NN 48378 142 5 , , , 48378 142 6 in in IN 48378 142 7 which which WDT 48378 142 8 the the DT 48378 142 9 counter counter NN 48378 142 10 - - NN 48378 142 11 flashing flashing NN 48378 142 12 is be VBZ 48378 142 13 embedded embed VBN 48378 142 14 , , , 48378 142 15 is be VBZ 48378 142 16 not not RB 48378 142 17 so so RB 48378 142 18 likely likely JJ 48378 142 19 to to TO 48378 142 20 fail fail VB 48378 142 21 as as IN 48378 142 22 it -PRON- PRP 48378 142 23 is be VBZ 48378 142 24 when when WRB 48378 142 25 the the DT 48378 142 26 wall wall NN 48378 142 27 is be VBZ 48378 142 28 only only RB 48378 142 29 4 4 CD 48378 142 30 inches inch NNS 48378 142 31 thick thick JJ 48378 142 32 . . . 48378 142 33 ] ] -RRB- 48378 143 1 Gas gas NN 48378 143 2 - - HYPH 48378 143 3 fired fire VBN 48378 143 4 house house NNP 48378 143 5 heaters heater NNS 48378 143 6 and and CC 48378 143 7 built build VBN 48378 143 8 - - HYPH 48378 143 9 in in RP 48378 143 10 unit unit NN 48378 143 11 heaters heater NNS 48378 143 12 , , , 48378 143 13 if if IN 48378 143 14 not not RB 48378 143 15 connected connect VBN 48378 143 16 to to IN 48378 143 17 a a DT 48378 143 18 masonry masonry NN 48378 143 19 chimney chimney NN 48378 143 20 , , , 48378 143 21 may may MD 48378 143 22 be be VB 48378 143 23 connected connect VBN 48378 143 24 to to IN 48378 143 25 flues flue NNS 48378 143 26 of of IN 48378 143 27 corrosion corrosion NN 48378 143 28 - - HYPH 48378 143 29 resistant resistant JJ 48378 143 30 sheet sheet NN 48378 143 31 metal metal NN 48378 143 32 not not RB 48378 143 33 lighter light JJR 48378 143 34 than than IN 48378 143 35 20-gage 20-gage CD 48378 143 36 , , , 48378 143 37 properly properly RB 48378 143 38 insulated insulate VBN 48378 143 39 with with IN 48378 143 40 asbestos asbestos NN 48378 143 41 or or CC 48378 143 42 other other JJ 48378 143 43 fireproofing fireproofing NN 48378 143 44 material material NN 48378 143 45 that that WDT 48378 143 46 will will MD 48378 143 47 comply comply VB 48378 143 48 with with IN 48378 143 49 the the DT 48378 143 50 recommendations recommendation NNS 48378 143 51 of of IN 48378 143 52 the the DT 48378 143 53 Underwriter Underwriter NNP 48378 143 54 's 's POS 48378 143 55 Laboratories Laboratories NNPS 48378 143 56 , , , 48378 143 57 Inc. Inc. NNP 48378 144 1 Such such JJ 48378 144 2 flues flue NNS 48378 144 3 should should MD 48378 144 4 extend extend VB 48378 144 5 through through IN 48378 144 6 the the DT 48378 144 7 roof roof NN 48378 144 8 . . . 48378 145 1 A a DT 48378 145 2 soot soot NN 48378 145 3 pocket[2 pocket[2 NN 48378 145 4 ] ] -RRB- 48378 145 5 is be VBZ 48378 145 6 desirable desirable JJ 48378 145 7 for for IN 48378 145 8 each each DT 48378 145 9 flue flue NN 48378 145 10 . . . 48378 146 1 Deep deep JJ 48378 146 2 pockets pocket NNS 48378 146 3 permit permit VBP 48378 146 4 the the DT 48378 146 5 accumulation accumulation NN 48378 146 6 of of IN 48378 146 7 soot soot NN 48378 146 8 , , , 48378 146 9 which which WDT 48378 146 10 may may MD 48378 146 11 take take VB 48378 146 12 fire fire NN 48378 146 13 ; ; : 48378 146 14 therefore therefore RB 48378 146 15 start start VB 48378 146 16 them -PRON- PRP 48378 146 17 from from IN 48378 146 18 a a DT 48378 146 19 point point NN 48378 146 20 preferably preferably RB 48378 146 21 not not RB 48378 146 22 more more JJR 48378 146 23 than than IN 48378 146 24 8 8 CD 48378 146 25 inches inch NNS 48378 146 26 below below IN 48378 146 27 the the DT 48378 146 28 center center JJ 48378 146 29 line line NN 48378 146 30 of of IN 48378 146 31 the the DT 48378 146 32 smoke smoke NN 48378 146 33 pipe pipe NN 48378 146 34 intake intake NN 48378 146 35 and and CC 48378 146 36 fill fill VB 48378 146 37 the the DT 48378 146 38 lower low JJR 48378 146 39 part part NN 48378 146 40 of of IN 48378 146 41 the the DT 48378 146 42 chimney chimney NN 48378 146 43 with with IN 48378 146 44 solid solid JJ 48378 146 45 masonry masonry NN 48378 146 46 instead instead RB 48378 146 47 of of IN 48378 146 48 extending extend VBG 48378 146 49 the the DT 48378 146 50 pocket pocket NN 48378 146 51 to to IN 48378 146 52 the the DT 48378 146 53 base base NN 48378 146 54 of of IN 48378 146 55 the the DT 48378 146 56 chimney chimney NN 48378 146 57 as as IN 48378 146 58 is be VBZ 48378 146 59 often often RB 48378 146 60 done do VBN 48378 146 61 . . . 48378 147 1 Clean clean JJ 48378 147 2 - - HYPH 48378 147 3 out out RP 48378 147 4 doors door NNS 48378 147 5 are be VBP 48378 147 6 necessary necessary JJ 48378 147 7 at at IN 48378 147 8 the the DT 48378 147 9 bottom bottom NN 48378 147 10 of of IN 48378 147 11 deep deep JJ 48378 147 12 pockets pocket NNS 48378 147 13 and and CC 48378 147 14 , , , 48378 147 15 if if IN 48378 147 16 used use VBN 48378 147 17 , , , 48378 147 18 must must MD 48378 147 19 fit fit VB 48378 147 20 snugly snugly RB 48378 147 21 and and CC 48378 147 22 be be VB 48378 147 23 kept keep VBN 48378 147 24 tightly tightly RB 48378 147 25 closed close VBN 48378 147 26 so so IN 48378 147 27 that that IN 48378 147 28 air air NN 48378 147 29 can can MD 48378 147 30 not not RB 48378 147 31 get get VB 48378 147 32 in in RB 48378 147 33 . . . 48378 148 1 Clean clean JJ 48378 148 2 - - HYPH 48378 148 3 outs out NNS 48378 148 4 should should MD 48378 148 5 serve serve VB 48378 148 6 only only RB 48378 148 7 one one CD 48378 148 8 flue flue NN 48378 148 9 , , , 48378 148 10 for for IN 48378 148 11 if if IN 48378 148 12 two two CD 48378 148 13 or or CC 48378 148 14 more more JJR 48378 148 15 flues flue NNS 48378 148 16 are be VBP 48378 148 17 connected connect VBN 48378 148 18 with with IN 48378 148 19 the the DT 48378 148 20 same same JJ 48378 148 21 clean clean NN 48378 148 22 - - HYPH 48378 148 23 out out NN 48378 148 24 , , , 48378 148 25 air air NN 48378 148 26 drawn draw VBN 48378 148 27 from from IN 48378 148 28 one one CD 48378 148 29 to to IN 48378 148 30 another another DT 48378 148 31 affects affect NNS 48378 148 32 the the DT 48378 148 33 draft draft NN 48378 148 34 in in IN 48378 148 35 all all DT 48378 148 36 of of IN 48378 148 37 them -PRON- PRP 48378 148 38 . . . 48378 149 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 48378 149 2 a a DT 48378 149 3 door door NN 48378 149 4 is be VBZ 48378 149 5 placed place VBN 48378 149 6 just just RB 48378 149 7 below below IN 48378 149 8 the the DT 48378 149 9 smoke smoke NN 48378 149 10 pipe pipe NN 48378 149 11 , , , 48378 149 12 but but CC 48378 149 13 one one NN 48378 149 14 is be VBZ 48378 149 15 not not RB 48378 149 16 really really RB 48378 149 17 necessary necessary JJ 48378 149 18 since since IN 48378 149 19 the the DT 48378 149 20 pipe pipe NN 48378 149 21 , , , 48378 149 22 if if IN 48378 149 23 taken take VBN 48378 149 24 down down RP 48378 149 25 each each DT 48378 149 26 year year NN 48378 149 27 for for IN 48378 149 28 cleaning cleaning NN 48378 149 29 , , , 48378 149 30 allows allow VBZ 48378 149 31 removal removal NN 48378 149 32 of of IN 48378 149 33 soot soot NN 48378 149 34 from from IN 48378 149 35 shallow shallow JJ 48378 149 36 pockets pocket NNS 48378 149 37 through through IN 48378 149 38 the the DT 48378 149 39 pipe pipe NN 48378 149 40 hole hole NN 48378 149 41 . . . 48378 150 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 150 2 2 2 LS 48378 150 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 150 4 See see VB 48378 150 5 soot soot NN 48378 150 6 pockets pocket NNS 48378 150 7 and and CC 48378 150 8 clean clean JJ 48378 150 9 - - HYPH 48378 150 10 out out RP 48378 150 11 doors door NNS 48378 150 12 in in IN 48378 150 13 figures figure NNS 48378 150 14 12 12 CD 48378 150 15 and and CC 48378 150 16 35 35 CD 48378 150 17 , , , 48378 150 18 pp pp NNP 48378 150 19 . . . 48378 151 1 13 13 CD 48378 151 2 and and CC 48378 151 3 38 38 CD 48378 151 4 , , , 48378 151 5 respectively respectively RB 48378 151 6 . . . 48378 152 1 Close close JJ 48378 152 2 pipe pipe NN 48378 152 3 holes hole NNS 48378 152 4 , , , 48378 152 5 when when WRB 48378 152 6 temporarily temporarily RB 48378 152 7 not not RB 48378 152 8 in in IN 48378 152 9 use use NN 48378 152 10 , , , 48378 152 11 with with IN 48378 152 12 tight tight RB 48378 152 13 - - HYPH 48378 152 14 fitting fit VBG 48378 152 15 metal metal NN 48378 152 16 flue flue NN 48378 152 17 stops stop VBZ 48378 152 18 ; ; : 48378 152 19 but but CC 48378 152 20 , , , 48378 152 21 if if IN 48378 152 22 a a DT 48378 152 23 pipe pipe NN 48378 152 24 hole hole NN 48378 152 25 is be VBZ 48378 152 26 to to TO 48378 152 27 be be VB 48378 152 28 abandoned abandon VBN 48378 152 29 , , , 48378 152 30 fill fill VB 48378 152 31 it -PRON- PRP 48378 152 32 with with IN 48378 152 33 bricks brick NNS 48378 152 34 laid lay VBN 48378 152 35 in in IN 48378 152 36 good good JJ 48378 152 37 mortar mortar NN 48378 152 38 . . . 48378 153 1 This this DT 48378 153 2 stopping stopping NN 48378 153 3 can can MD 48378 153 4 be be VB 48378 153 5 readily readily RB 48378 153 6 removed remove VBN 48378 153 7 . . . 48378 154 1 The the DT 48378 154 2 practice practice NN 48378 154 3 of of IN 48378 154 4 closing close VBG 48378 154 5 a a DT 48378 154 6 pipe pipe NN 48378 154 7 hole hole NN 48378 154 8 with with IN 48378 154 9 papered paper VBN 48378 154 10 tin tin NN 48378 154 11 is be VBZ 48378 154 12 dangerous dangerous JJ 48378 154 13 , , , 48378 154 14 for for IN 48378 154 15 if if IN 48378 154 16 there there EX 48378 154 17 is be VBZ 48378 154 18 another another DT 48378 154 19 stove stove NN 48378 154 20 connected connect VBN 48378 154 21 with with IN 48378 154 22 the the DT 48378 154 23 flue flue NN 48378 154 24 , , , 48378 154 25 the the DT 48378 154 26 metal metal NN 48378 154 27 may may MD 48378 154 28 become become VB 48378 154 29 hot hot JJ 48378 154 30 enough enough RB 48378 154 31 to to TO 48378 154 32 scorch scorch VB 48378 154 33 the the DT 48378 154 34 unprotected unprotected JJ 48378 154 35 wallpaper wallpaper NN 48378 154 36 or or CC 48378 154 37 even even RB 48378 154 38 set set VBD 48378 154 39 it -PRON- PRP 48378 154 40 afire afire RB 48378 154 41 . . . 48378 155 1 Proper proper JJ 48378 155 2 care care NN 48378 155 3 in in IN 48378 155 4 setting set VBG 48378 155 5 and and CC 48378 155 6 looking look VBG 48378 155 7 after after IN 48378 155 8 pipe pipe NN 48378 155 9 at at IN 48378 155 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 155 11 connection connection NN 48378 155 12 with with IN 48378 155 13 the the DT 48378 155 14 chimney chimney NN 48378 155 15 will will MD 48378 155 16 greatly greatly RB 48378 155 17 lessen lessen VB 48378 155 18 the the DT 48378 155 19 number number NN 48378 155 20 of of IN 48378 155 21 fires fire NNS 48378 155 22 chargeable chargeable JJ 48378 155 23 to to IN 48378 155 24 defective defective JJ 48378 155 25 construction construction NN 48378 155 26 . . . 48378 156 1 Fit fit VB 48378 156 2 the the DT 48378 156 3 pipe pipe NN 48378 156 4 so so IN 48378 156 5 that that IN 48378 156 6 no no DT 48378 156 7 opening opening NN 48378 156 8 will will MD 48378 156 9 be be VB 48378 156 10 left leave VBN 48378 156 11 around around IN 48378 156 12 it -PRON- PRP 48378 156 13 , , , 48378 156 14 and and CC 48378 156 15 keep keep VB 48378 156 16 it -PRON- PRP 48378 156 17 from from IN 48378 156 18 projecting project VBG 48378 156 19 into into IN 48378 156 20 the the DT 48378 156 21 flue flue NN 48378 156 22 . . . 48378 157 1 The the DT 48378 157 2 connection connection NN 48378 157 3 can can MD 48378 157 4 be be VB 48378 157 5 made make VBN 48378 157 6 airtight airtight JJ 48378 157 7 with with IN 48378 157 8 a a DT 48378 157 9 closely closely RB 48378 157 10 fitting fitting JJ 48378 157 11 collar collar NN 48378 157 12 and and CC 48378 157 13 boiler boiler NN 48378 157 14 putty putty NN 48378 157 15 , , , 48378 157 16 good good JJ 48378 157 17 cement cement NN 48378 157 18 mortar mortar NN 48378 157 19 , , , 48378 157 20 or or CC 48378 157 21 stiff stiff JJ 48378 157 22 clay clay NN 48378 157 23 . . . 48378 158 1 Smoke smoke NN 48378 158 2 pipes pipe NNS 48378 158 3 should should MD 48378 158 4 enter enter VB 48378 158 5 the the DT 48378 158 6 chimney chimney NN 48378 158 7 horizontally horizontally RB 48378 158 8 , , , 48378 158 9 and and CC 48378 158 10 the the DT 48378 158 11 hole hole NN 48378 158 12 through through IN 48378 158 13 the the DT 48378 158 14 chimney chimney NNP 48378 158 15 wall wall NN 48378 158 16 to to IN 48378 158 17 the the DT 48378 158 18 flue flue NN 48378 158 19 should should MD 48378 158 20 be be VB 48378 158 21 lined line VBN 48378 158 22 with with IN 48378 158 23 fire fire NN 48378 158 24 - - HYPH 48378 158 25 clay clay NN 48378 158 26 , , , 48378 158 27 or or CC 48378 158 28 metal metal NN 48378 158 29 thimbles thimble NNS 48378 158 30 should should MD 48378 158 31 be be VB 48378 158 32 securely securely RB 48378 158 33 and and CC 48378 158 34 tightly tightly RB 48378 158 35 built build VBN 48378 158 36 in in IN 48378 158 37 the the DT 48378 158 38 masonry masonry NN 48378 158 39 . . . 48378 159 1 Thimbles thimble NNS 48378 159 2 or or CC 48378 159 3 flue flue JJ 48378 159 4 rings ring NNS 48378 159 5 can can MD 48378 159 6 be be VB 48378 159 7 had have VBN 48378 159 8 of of IN 48378 159 9 6- 6- NNPS 48378 159 10 , , , 48378 159 11 7- 7- NNP 48378 159 12 , , , 48378 159 13 8- 8- NNPS 48378 159 14 , , , 48378 159 15 10- 10- NNP 48378 159 16 , , , 48378 159 17 and and CC 48378 159 18 12-inch 12-inch CD 48378 159 19 diameters diameter NNS 48378 159 20 and and CC 48378 159 21 6- 6- NNPS 48378 159 22 , , , 48378 159 23 9- 9- UH 48378 159 24 , , , 48378 159 25 and and CC 48378 159 26 12-inch 12-inch CD 48378 159 27 lengths length NNS 48378 159 28 . . . 48378 160 1 If if IN 48378 160 2 the the DT 48378 160 3 walls wall NNS 48378 160 4 are be VBP 48378 160 5 furred fur VBN 48378 160 6 ( ( -LRB- 48378 160 7 fig fig NN 48378 160 8 . . . 48378 161 1 12 12 CD 48378 161 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 161 3 , , , 48378 161 4 the the DT 48378 161 5 space space NN 48378 161 6 between between IN 48378 161 7 the the DT 48378 161 8 thimbles thimble NNS 48378 161 9 and and CC 48378 161 10 the the DT 48378 161 11 wood wood NN 48378 161 12 furring furring NN 48378 161 13 should should MD 48378 161 14 be be VB 48378 161 15 covered cover VBN 48378 161 16 with with IN 48378 161 17 metal metal NN 48378 161 18 lath lath NN 48378 161 19 and and CC 48378 161 20 plaster plaster NN 48378 161 21 . . . 48378 162 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 162 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 162 3 : : : 48378 162 4 Figure figure NN 48378 162 5 12.--_A 12.--_a CD 48378 162 6 _ _ NNP 48378 162 7 , , , 48378 162 8 Connection Connection NNP 48378 162 9 to to TO 48378 162 10 chimney chimney NN 48378 162 11 where where WRB 48378 162 12 furring fur VBG 48378 162 13 is be VBZ 48378 162 14 used use VBN 48378 162 15 . . . 48378 163 1 The the DT 48378 163 2 brick brick NN 48378 163 3 are be VBP 48378 163 4 built build VBN 48378 163 5 out out RP 48378 163 6 around around IN 48378 163 7 the the DT 48378 163 8 thimble thimble NN 48378 163 9 as as IN 48378 163 10 a a DT 48378 163 11 protection protection NN 48378 163 12 against against IN 48378 163 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 163 14 cracking cracking NN 48378 163 15 . . . 48378 164 1 This this DT 48378 164 2 is be VBZ 48378 164 3 a a DT 48378 164 4 fire fire NN 48378 164 5 hazard hazard NN 48378 164 6 that that WDT 48378 164 7 is be VBZ 48378 164 8 frequently frequently RB 48378 164 9 overlooked overlook VBN 48378 164 10 . . . 48378 165 1 _ _ NNP 48378 165 2 B B NNP 48378 165 3 _ _ NNP 48378 165 4 , , , 48378 165 5 Connection Connection NNP 48378 165 6 when when WRB 48378 165 7 plaster plaster NN 48378 165 8 is be VBZ 48378 165 9 applied apply VBN 48378 165 10 directly directly RB 48378 165 11 to to IN 48378 165 12 the the DT 48378 165 13 masonry masonry NN 48378 165 14 . . . 48378 166 1 Note note VB 48378 166 2 that that IN 48378 166 3 the the DT 48378 166 4 pipe pipe NN 48378 166 5 extends extend VBZ 48378 166 6 too too RB 48378 166 7 far far RB 48378 166 8 into into IN 48378 166 9 the the DT 48378 166 10 flue flue NN 48378 166 11 . . . 48378 167 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 167 2 should should MD 48378 167 3 be be VB 48378 167 4 as as RB 48378 167 5 shown show VBN 48378 167 6 in in IN 48378 167 7 _ _ NNP 48378 167 8 A A NNP 48378 167 9 _ _ NNP 48378 167 10 . . . 48378 167 11 ] ] -RRB- 48378 168 1 When when WRB 48378 168 2 a a DT 48378 168 3 smoke smoke NN 48378 168 4 pipe pipe NN 48378 168 5 is be VBZ 48378 168 6 less less JJR 48378 168 7 than than IN 48378 168 8 18 18 CD 48378 168 9 inches inch NNS 48378 168 10 from from IN 48378 168 11 woodwork woodwork NN 48378 168 12 , , , 48378 168 13 the the DT 48378 168 14 woodwork woodwork NN 48378 168 15 requires require VBZ 48378 168 16 protection protection NN 48378 168 17 against against IN 48378 168 18 charring charring NN 48378 168 19 . . . 48378 169 1 A a DT 48378 169 2 metal metal NN 48378 169 3 casing casing NN 48378 169 4 or or CC 48378 169 5 asbestos asbestos NN 48378 169 6 board board NN 48378 169 7 2 2 CD 48378 169 8 inches inch NNS 48378 169 9 from from IN 48378 169 10 the the DT 48378 169 11 upper upper JJ 48378 169 12 half half NN 48378 169 13 of of IN 48378 169 14 the the DT 48378 169 15 pipe pipe NN 48378 169 16 is be VBZ 48378 169 17 sometimes sometimes RB 48378 169 18 employed employ VBN 48378 169 19 to to TO 48378 169 20 protect protect VB 48378 169 21 woodwork woodwork NN 48378 169 22 directly directly RB 48378 169 23 above above IN 48378 169 24 it -PRON- PRP 48378 169 25 . . . 48378 170 1 A a DT 48378 170 2 pipe pipe NN 48378 170 3 , , , 48378 170 4 even even RB 48378 170 5 so so RB 48378 170 6 protected protected JJ 48378 170 7 , , , 48378 170 8 should should MD 48378 170 9 never never RB 48378 170 10 be be VB 48378 170 11 closer close JJR 48378 170 12 than than IN 48378 170 13 9 9 CD 48378 170 14 inches inch NNS 48378 170 15 to to IN 48378 170 16 any any DT 48378 170 17 woodwork woodwork NN 48378 170 18 or or CC 48378 170 19 other other JJ 48378 170 20 combustible combustible JJ 48378 170 21 material material NN 48378 170 22 . . . 48378 171 1 Commercial commercial JJ 48378 171 2 fireproof fireproof JJ 48378 171 3 pipe pipe NN 48378 171 4 coverings covering NNS 48378 171 5 can can MD 48378 171 6 be be VB 48378 171 7 purchased purchase VBN 48378 171 8 . . . 48378 172 1 If if IN 48378 172 2 a a DT 48378 172 3 pipe pipe NN 48378 172 4 must must MD 48378 172 5 be be VB 48378 172 6 carried carry VBN 48378 172 7 through through IN 48378 172 8 a a DT 48378 172 9 wood wood NN 48378 172 10 partition partition NN 48378 172 11 , , , 48378 172 12 protection protection NN 48378 172 13 for for IN 48378 172 14 the the DT 48378 172 15 woodwork woodwork NN 48378 172 16 can can MD 48378 172 17 be be VB 48378 172 18 provided provide VBN 48378 172 19 by by IN 48378 172 20 cutting cut VBG 48378 172 21 an an DT 48378 172 22 opening opening NN 48378 172 23 in in IN 48378 172 24 the the DT 48378 172 25 partition partition NN 48378 172 26 and and CC 48378 172 27 inserting insert VBG 48378 172 28 a a DT 48378 172 29 galvanized galvanize VBN 48378 172 30 - - HYPH 48378 172 31 iron iron NN 48378 172 32 double double JJ 48378 172 33 - - HYPH 48378 172 34 wall wall NN 48378 172 35 ventilating ventilate VBG 48378 172 36 shield shield NN 48378 172 37 at at RB 48378 172 38 least least RBS 48378 172 39 12 12 CD 48378 172 40 inches inch NNS 48378 172 41 larger large JJR 48378 172 42 than than IN 48378 172 43 the the DT 48378 172 44 pipe pipe NN 48378 172 45 ( ( -LRB- 48378 172 46 fig fig NN 48378 172 47 . . . 48378 173 1 13 13 CD 48378 173 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 173 3 or or CC 48378 173 4 by by IN 48378 173 5 using use VBG 48378 173 6 at at RB 48378 173 7 least least RBS 48378 173 8 4 4 CD 48378 173 9 inches inch NNS 48378 173 10 of of IN 48378 173 11 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 173 12 or or CC 48378 173 13 other other JJ 48378 173 14 incombustible incombustible JJ 48378 173 15 material material NN 48378 173 16 . . . 48378 174 1 Smoke smoke NN 48378 174 2 pipes pipe NNS 48378 174 3 should should MD 48378 174 4 never never RB 48378 174 5 pass pass VB 48378 174 6 through through IN 48378 174 7 floors floor NNS 48378 174 8 , , , 48378 174 9 closets closet NNS 48378 174 10 , , , 48378 174 11 or or CC 48378 174 12 concealed conceal VBD 48378 174 13 spaces space NNS 48378 174 14 or or CC 48378 174 15 enter enter VB 48378 174 16 a a DT 48378 174 17 chimney chimney NN 48378 174 18 in in IN 48378 174 19 a a DT 48378 174 20 garret garret NN 48378 174 21 . . . 48378 175 1 Gases gas NNS 48378 175 2 formed form VBN 48378 175 3 by by IN 48378 175 4 burning burn VBG 48378 175 5 the the DT 48378 175 6 sulfur sulfur NN 48378 175 7 contained contain VBN 48378 175 8 in in IN 48378 175 9 coal coal NN 48378 175 10 are be VBP 48378 175 11 the the DT 48378 175 12 main main JJ 48378 175 13 cause cause NN 48378 175 14 of of IN 48378 175 15 corrosion corrosion NN 48378 175 16 of of IN 48378 175 17 metal metal NN 48378 175 18 smoke smoke NN 48378 175 19 pipes pipe NNS 48378 175 20 . . . 48378 176 1 Little little JJ 48378 176 2 corrosion corrosion NN 48378 176 3 occurs occur VBZ 48378 176 4 during during IN 48378 176 5 the the DT 48378 176 6 heating heating NN 48378 176 7 season season NN 48378 176 8 , , , 48378 176 9 when when WRB 48378 176 10 the the DT 48378 176 11 pipe pipe NN 48378 176 12 is be VBZ 48378 176 13 kept keep VBN 48378 176 14 hot hot JJ 48378 176 15 and and CC 48378 176 16 dry dry JJ 48378 176 17 . . . 48378 177 1 The the DT 48378 177 2 life life NN 48378 177 3 of of IN 48378 177 4 metal metal NN 48378 177 5 pipes pipe NNS 48378 177 6 can can MD 48378 177 7 be be VB 48378 177 8 prolonged prolong VBN 48378 177 9 if if IN 48378 177 10 each each DT 48378 177 11 summer summer NN 48378 177 12 when when WRB 48378 177 13 they -PRON- PRP 48378 177 14 are be VBP 48378 177 15 not not RB 48378 177 16 in in IN 48378 177 17 use use NN 48378 177 18 they -PRON- PRP 48378 177 19 are be VBP 48378 177 20 taken take VBN 48378 177 21 down down RP 48378 177 22 , , , 48378 177 23 cleaned clean VBN 48378 177 24 , , , 48378 177 25 wrapped wrap VBN 48378 177 26 in in IN 48378 177 27 paper paper NN 48378 177 28 , , , 48378 177 29 and and CC 48378 177 30 stored store VBN 48378 177 31 in in IN 48378 177 32 a a DT 48378 177 33 dry dry JJ 48378 177 34 place place NN 48378 177 35 . . . 48378 178 1 This this DT 48378 178 2 is be VBZ 48378 178 3 especially especially RB 48378 178 4 true true JJ 48378 178 5 of of IN 48378 178 6 pipe pipe NN 48378 178 7 to to IN 48378 178 8 heaters heater NNS 48378 178 9 in in IN 48378 178 10 damp damp JJ 48378 178 11 cellars cellar NNS 48378 178 12 . . . 48378 179 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 179 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 179 3 : : : 48378 179 4 Figure figure NN 48378 179 5 13.--_A 13.--_a CD 48378 179 6 _ _ NNP 48378 179 7 , , , 48378 179 8 Elevation elevation NN 48378 179 9 of of IN 48378 179 10 protection protection NN 48378 179 11 around around IN 48378 179 12 a a DT 48378 179 13 stovepipe stovepipe NN 48378 179 14 passing pass VBG 48378 179 15 through through IN 48378 179 16 a a DT 48378 179 17 frame frame NN 48378 179 18 partition partition NN 48378 179 19 ; ; : 48378 179 20 _ _ NNP 48378 179 21 B B NNP 48378 179 22 _ _ NNP 48378 179 23 , , , 48378 179 24 sectional sectional JJ 48378 179 25 view view NN 48378 179 26 . . . 48378 179 27 ] ] -RRB- 48378 180 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 180 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 180 3 : : : 48378 180 4 Figure figure NN 48378 180 5 14.--Method 14.--method CD 48378 180 6 of of IN 48378 180 7 insulating insulate VBG 48378 180 8 wood wood NN 48378 180 9 floor floor NN 48378 180 10 joists joist NNS 48378 180 11 and and CC 48378 180 12 baseboard baseboard NN 48378 180 13 at at IN 48378 180 14 a a DT 48378 180 15 chimney chimney NN 48378 180 16 with with IN 48378 180 17 4-inch 4-inch CD 48378 180 18 walls wall NNS 48378 180 19 . . . 48378 181 1 A a DT 48378 181 2 single single JJ 48378 181 3 header header NN 48378 181 4 is be VBZ 48378 181 5 used use VBN 48378 181 6 as as IN 48378 181 7 it -PRON- PRP 48378 181 8 is be VBZ 48378 181 9 less less JJR 48378 181 10 than than IN 48378 181 11 4 4 CD 48378 181 12 feet foot NNS 48378 181 13 long long JJ 48378 181 14 . . . 48378 181 15 ] ] -RRB- 48378 182 1 _ _ NNP 48378 182 2 Insulation Insulation NNP 48378 182 3 _ _ NNP 48378 182 4 No no DT 48378 182 5 wood wood NN 48378 182 6 should should MD 48378 182 7 be be VB 48378 182 8 in in IN 48378 182 9 contact contact NN 48378 182 10 with with IN 48378 182 11 a a DT 48378 182 12 chimney chimney NN 48378 182 13 . . . 48378 183 1 Leave leave VB 48378 183 2 a a DT 48378 183 3 space space NN 48378 183 4 of of IN 48378 183 5 2 2 CD 48378 183 6 inches inch NNS 48378 183 7 between between IN 48378 183 8 the the DT 48378 183 9 outside outside JJ 48378 183 10 face face NN 48378 183 11 of of IN 48378 183 12 a a DT 48378 183 13 chimney chimney NN 48378 183 14 and and CC 48378 183 15 all all DT 48378 183 16 wooden wooden JJ 48378 183 17 beams beam NNS 48378 183 18 or or CC 48378 183 19 joists joist NNS 48378 183 20 except except IN 48378 183 21 when when WRB 48378 183 22 8 8 CD 48378 183 23 inches inch NNS 48378 183 24 of of IN 48378 183 25 masonry masonry NN 48378 183 26 is be VBZ 48378 183 27 used use VBN 48378 183 28 outside outside IN 48378 183 29 flue flue JJ 48378 183 30 lining lining NN 48378 183 31 , , , 48378 183 32 in in IN 48378 183 33 which which WDT 48378 183 34 case case NN 48378 183 35 the the DT 48378 183 36 framing framing NN 48378 183 37 may may MD 48378 183 38 be be VB 48378 183 39 within within IN 48378 183 40 one one CD 48378 183 41 - - HYPH 48378 183 42 half half NN 48378 183 43 inch inch NN 48378 183 44 of of IN 48378 183 45 the the DT 48378 183 46 chimney chimney NNP 48378 183 47 masonry masonry NN 48378 183 48 . . . 48378 184 1 The the DT 48378 184 2 space space NN 48378 184 3 between between IN 48378 184 4 the the DT 48378 184 5 floor floor NN 48378 184 6 framing framing NN 48378 184 7 and and CC 48378 184 8 the the DT 48378 184 9 chimney chimney NN 48378 184 10 may may MD 48378 184 11 be be VB 48378 184 12 filled fill VBN 48378 184 13 with with IN 48378 184 14 porous porous JJ 48378 184 15 , , , 48378 184 16 nonmetallic nonmetallic JJ 48378 184 17 , , , 48378 184 18 incombustible incombustible JJ 48378 184 19 material material NN 48378 184 20 , , , 48378 184 21 such such JJ 48378 184 22 as as IN 48378 184 23 loose loose JJ 48378 184 24 cinders cinder NNS 48378 184 25 . . . 48378 185 1 Brickwork Brickwork NNP 48378 185 2 , , , 48378 185 3 mortar mortar NN 48378 185 4 , , , 48378 185 5 and and CC 48378 185 6 concrete concrete NN 48378 185 7 are be VBP 48378 185 8 not not RB 48378 185 9 suitable suitable JJ 48378 185 10 . . . 48378 186 1 Place place VB 48378 186 2 the the DT 48378 186 3 filling filling NN 48378 186 4 before before IN 48378 186 5 the the DT 48378 186 6 floor floor NN 48378 186 7 is be VBZ 48378 186 8 laid lay VBN 48378 186 9 , , , 48378 186 10 as as IN 48378 186 11 it -PRON- PRP 48378 186 12 not not RB 48378 186 13 only only RB 48378 186 14 forms form VBZ 48378 186 15 a a DT 48378 186 16 fire fire NN 48378 186 17 stop stop NN 48378 186 18 but but CC 48378 186 19 prevents prevent VBZ 48378 186 20 accumulation accumulation NN 48378 186 21 of of IN 48378 186 22 shavings shaving NNS 48378 186 23 or or CC 48378 186 24 other other JJ 48378 186 25 combustible combustible JJ 48378 186 26 material material NN 48378 186 27 . . . 48378 187 1 Subflooring subflooring NN 48378 187 2 may may MD 48378 187 3 be be VB 48378 187 4 laid lay VBN 48378 187 5 within within IN 48378 187 6 one one CD 48378 187 7 - - HYPH 48378 187 8 half half NN 48378 187 9 inch inch NN 48378 187 10 of of IN 48378 187 11 the the DT 48378 187 12 masonry masonry NN 48378 187 13 . . . 48378 188 1 Baseboards baseboard NNS 48378 188 2 , , , 48378 188 3 when when WRB 48378 188 4 fastened fasten VBN 48378 188 5 to to TO 48378 188 6 plaster plaster VB 48378 188 7 that that DT 48378 188 8 is be VBZ 48378 188 9 directly directly RB 48378 188 10 in in IN 48378 188 11 contact contact NN 48378 188 12 with with IN 48378 188 13 the the DT 48378 188 14 wall wall NN 48378 188 15 of of IN 48378 188 16 a a DT 48378 188 17 chimney chimney NN 48378 188 18 , , , 48378 188 19 can can MD 48378 188 20 be be VB 48378 188 21 protected protect VBN 48378 188 22 by by IN 48378 188 23 a a DT 48378 188 24 layer layer NN 48378 188 25 of of IN 48378 188 26 fireproof fireproof JJ 48378 188 27 material material NN 48378 188 28 , , , 48378 188 29 such such JJ 48378 188 30 as as IN 48378 188 31 asbestos asbestos NN 48378 188 32 , , , 48378 188 33 at at IN 48378 188 34 least least JJS 48378 188 35 one one CD 48378 188 36 - - HYPH 48378 188 37 eighth eighth NN 48378 188 38 of of IN 48378 188 39 an an DT 48378 188 40 inch inch NN 48378 188 41 thick thick JJ 48378 188 42 between between IN 48378 188 43 the the DT 48378 188 44 woodwork woodwork NN 48378 188 45 and and CC 48378 188 46 the the DT 48378 188 47 plaster plaster NN 48378 188 48 ( ( -LRB- 48378 188 49 fig fig NN 48378 188 50 . . . 48378 189 1 14 14 CD 48378 189 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 189 3 . . . 48378 190 1 Wooden wooden JJ 48378 190 2 studding studding NN 48378 190 3 , , , 48378 190 4 furring fur VBG 48378 190 5 , , , 48378 190 6 or or CC 48378 190 7 lathing lathing NN 48378 190 8 should should MD 48378 190 9 not not RB 48378 190 10 be be VB 48378 190 11 placed place VBN 48378 190 12 against against IN 48378 190 13 a a DT 48378 190 14 chimney chimney NN 48378 190 15 but but CC 48378 190 16 set set VBN 48378 190 17 back back RP 48378 190 18 , , , 48378 190 19 as as IN 48378 190 20 indicated indicate VBN 48378 190 21 in in IN 48378 190 22 figure figure NN 48378 190 23 9 9 CD 48378 190 24 ; ; : 48378 190 25 or or CC 48378 190 26 the the DT 48378 190 27 plaster plaster NN 48378 190 28 may may MD 48378 190 29 be be VB 48378 190 30 applied apply VBN 48378 190 31 directly directly RB 48378 190 32 to to IN 48378 190 33 the the DT 48378 190 34 masonry masonry NN 48378 190 35 or or CC 48378 190 36 to to TO 48378 190 37 metal metal VB 48378 190 38 lath lath NNP 48378 190 39 laid lay VBN 48378 190 40 over over IN 48378 190 41 the the DT 48378 190 42 masonry masonry NN 48378 190 43 . . . 48378 191 1 The the DT 48378 191 2 former former JJ 48378 191 3 is be VBZ 48378 191 4 the the DT 48378 191 5 better well JJR 48378 191 6 method method NN 48378 191 7 , , , 48378 191 8 as as IN 48378 191 9 settlement settlement NN 48378 191 10 will will MD 48378 191 11 not not RB 48378 191 12 crack crack VB 48378 191 13 the the DT 48378 191 14 plaster plaster NN 48378 191 15 . . . 48378 192 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 192 2 is be VBZ 48378 192 3 recommended recommend VBN 48378 192 4 that that IN 48378 192 5 a a DT 48378 192 6 coat coat NN 48378 192 7 of of IN 48378 192 8 cement cement NN 48378 192 9 plaster plaster NN 48378 192 10 be be VB 48378 192 11 applied apply VBN 48378 192 12 directly directly RB 48378 192 13 upon upon IN 48378 192 14 the the DT 48378 192 15 outside outside JJ 48378 192 16 surfaces surface NNS 48378 192 17 of of IN 48378 192 18 masonry masonry NN 48378 192 19 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 192 20 that that WDT 48378 192 21 are be VBP 48378 192 22 to to TO 48378 192 23 be be VB 48378 192 24 incased incase VBN 48378 192 25 by by IN 48378 192 26 a a DT 48378 192 27 wooden wooden JJ 48378 192 28 partition partition NN 48378 192 29 or or CC 48378 192 30 other other JJ 48378 192 31 combustible combustible JJ 48378 192 32 construction construction NN 48378 192 33 . . . 48378 193 1 Metal metal NN 48378 193 2 lath lath NNP 48378 193 3 , , , 48378 193 4 lapped lap VBD 48378 193 5 6 6 CD 48378 193 6 inches inch NNS 48378 193 7 on on IN 48378 193 8 the the DT 48378 193 9 masonry masonry NN 48378 193 10 , , , 48378 193 11 at at IN 48378 193 12 the the DT 48378 193 13 intersection intersection NN 48378 193 14 of of IN 48378 193 15 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 193 16 with with IN 48378 193 17 partitions partition NNS 48378 193 18 prevents prevent VBZ 48378 193 19 corner corner NN 48378 193 20 cracks crack NNS 48378 193 21 . . . 48378 194 1 ( ( -LRB- 48378 194 2 See see VB 48378 194 3 plan plan NN 48378 194 4 in in IN 48378 194 5 fig fig NN 48378 194 6 . . . 48378 195 1 34 34 CD 48378 195 2 . . . 48378 195 3 ) ) -RRB- 48378 196 1 _ _ NNP 48378 196 2 Chimney Chimney NNP 48378 196 3 and and CC 48378 196 4 Roof Roof NNP 48378 196 5 Connection Connection NNP 48378 196 6 _ _ NNP 48378 196 7 Where where WRB 48378 196 8 the the DT 48378 196 9 chimney chimney NN 48378 196 10 passes pass VBZ 48378 196 11 through through IN 48378 196 12 the the DT 48378 196 13 roof roof NN 48378 196 14 , , , 48378 196 15 provide provide VB 48378 196 16 a a DT 48378 196 17 2-inch 2-inch CD 48378 196 18 clearance clearance NN 48378 196 19 between between IN 48378 196 20 the the DT 48378 196 21 wood wood NN 48378 196 22 framing framing NN 48378 196 23 and and CC 48378 196 24 masonry masonry NN 48378 196 25 for for IN 48378 196 26 fire fire NN 48378 196 27 protection protection NN 48378 196 28 and and CC 48378 196 29 for for IN 48378 196 30 expansion expansion NN 48378 196 31 due due IN 48378 196 32 to to IN 48378 196 33 temperature temperature NN 48378 196 34 changes change NNS 48378 196 35 , , , 48378 196 36 settlement settlement NN 48378 196 37 , , , 48378 196 38 or or CC 48378 196 39 slight slight JJ 48378 196 40 movement movement NN 48378 196 41 of of IN 48378 196 42 the the DT 48378 196 43 chimney chimney NN 48378 196 44 during during IN 48378 196 45 heavy heavy JJ 48378 196 46 winds wind NNS 48378 196 47 . . . 48378 197 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 197 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 197 3 : : : 48378 197 4 Figure figure NN 48378 197 5 15.--Method 15.--method CD 48378 197 6 of of IN 48378 197 7 flashing flashing NN 48378 197 8 . . . 48378 198 1 Sheet sheet NN 48378 198 2 metal metal NN 48378 198 3 , , , 48378 198 4 _ _ NNP 48378 198 5 h h NNP 48378 198 6 _ _ NNP 48378 198 7 , , , 48378 198 8 over over IN 48378 198 9 the the DT 48378 198 10 cricket cricket NN 48378 198 11 , , , 48378 198 12 extends extend VBZ 48378 198 13 under under IN 48378 198 14 the the DT 48378 198 15 shingles shingle NNS 48378 198 16 _ _ NNP 48378 198 17 k k NNP 48378 198 18 _ _ NNP 48378 198 19 , , , 48378 198 20 at at IN 48378 198 21 least least JJS 48378 198 22 4 4 CD 48378 198 23 inches inch NNS 48378 198 24 and and CC 48378 198 25 is be VBZ 48378 198 26 counter counter JJ 48378 198 27 - - VBN 48378 198 28 flashed flashed JJ 48378 198 29 at at IN 48378 198 30 _ _ NNP 48378 198 31 l l NNP 48378 198 32 _ _ NNP 48378 198 33 in in IN 48378 198 34 joint joint NN 48378 198 35 . . . 48378 199 1 Base Base NNP 48378 199 2 flashings flashing NNS 48378 199 3 _ _ NNP 48378 199 4 b b NNP 48378 199 5 _ _ NNP 48378 199 6 , , , 48378 199 7 _ _ NNP 48378 199 8 c c NNP 48378 199 9 _ _ NNP 48378 199 10 , , , 48378 199 11 _ _ NNP 48378 199 12 d d NNP 48378 199 13 _ _ NNP 48378 199 14 , , , 48378 199 15 and and CC 48378 199 16 _ _ NNP 48378 199 17 e e NNP 48378 199 18 _ _ NNP 48378 199 19 and and CC 48378 199 20 cap cap NNP 48378 199 21 flashings flashing NNS 48378 199 22 _ _ NNP 48378 199 23 a a DT 48378 199 24 _ _ NNP 48378 199 25 , , , 48378 199 26 _ _ NNP 48378 199 27 f f NNP 48378 199 28 _ _ NNP 48378 199 29 , , , 48378 199 30 and and CC 48378 199 31 _ _ NNP 48378 199 32 g g NNP 48378 199 33 _ _ NNP 48378 199 34 lap lap NN 48378 199 35 over over IN 48378 199 36 the the DT 48378 199 37 base base NN 48378 199 38 flashings flashing NNS 48378 199 39 and and CC 48378 199 40 provide provide VB 48378 199 41 watertight watertight JJ 48378 199 42 construction construction NN 48378 199 43 . . . 48378 200 1 A a DT 48378 200 2 full full JJ 48378 200 3 bed bed NN 48378 200 4 of of IN 48378 200 5 mortar mortar NN 48378 200 6 should should MD 48378 200 7 be be VB 48378 200 8 provided provide VBN 48378 200 9 where where WRB 48378 200 10 cap cap NN 48378 200 11 flashing flashing NN 48378 200 12 is be VBZ 48378 200 13 inserted insert VBN 48378 200 14 in in IN 48378 200 15 joints joint NNS 48378 200 16 . . . 48378 200 17 ] ] -RRB- 48378 201 1 A a DT 48378 201 2 chimney chimney NN 48378 201 3 must must MD 48378 201 4 be be VB 48378 201 5 flashed flash VBN 48378 201 6 and and CC 48378 201 7 counter counter NN 48378 201 8 - - JJ 48378 201 9 flashed flashed JJ 48378 201 10 ( ( -LRB- 48378 201 11 fig fig NN 48378 201 12 . . . 48378 202 1 15),[3 15),[3 LS 48378 202 2 ] ] -RRB- 48378 202 3 to to TO 48378 202 4 make make VB 48378 202 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 202 6 junction junction NN 48378 202 7 with with IN 48378 202 8 the the DT 48378 202 9 roof roof NN 48378 202 10 watertight watertight NN 48378 202 11 . . . 48378 203 1 When when WRB 48378 203 2 the the DT 48378 203 3 chimney chimney NN 48378 203 4 is be VBZ 48378 203 5 not not RB 48378 203 6 located locate VBN 48378 203 7 on on IN 48378 203 8 the the DT 48378 203 9 ridge ridge NN 48378 203 10 but but CC 48378 203 11 on on IN 48378 203 12 a a DT 48378 203 13 sloping sloping NN 48378 203 14 roof roof NN 48378 203 15 , , , 48378 203 16 a a DT 48378 203 17 cricket cricket NN 48378 203 18 , , , 48378 203 19 _ _ NNP 48378 203 20 j j NNP 48378 203 21 _ _ NNP 48378 203 22 , , , 48378 203 23 is be VBZ 48378 203 24 built build VBN 48378 203 25 , , , 48378 203 26 as as IN 48378 203 27 detailed detail VBN 48378 203 28 in in IN 48378 203 29 figure figure NN 48378 203 30 16 16 CD 48378 203 31 , , , 48378 203 32 high high JJ 48378 203 33 enough enough RB 48378 203 34 to to TO 48378 203 35 shed shed VB 48378 203 36 water water NN 48378 203 37 around around IN 48378 203 38 the the DT 48378 203 39 chimney chimney NN 48378 203 40 . . . 48378 204 1 Corrosion corrosion NN 48378 204 2 - - HYPH 48378 204 3 resistant resistant JJ 48378 204 4 metal metal NN 48378 204 5 , , , 48378 204 6 such such JJ 48378 204 7 as as IN 48378 204 8 copper copper NN 48378 204 9 , , , 48378 204 10 galvanized galvanized JJ 48378 204 11 metal metal NN 48378 204 12 , , , 48378 204 13 zinc zinc NN 48378 204 14 , , , 48378 204 15 or or CC 48378 204 16 lead lead NN 48378 204 17 , , , 48378 204 18 is be VBZ 48378 204 19 best good JJS 48378 204 20 for for IN 48378 204 21 the the DT 48378 204 22 flashing flashing NN 48378 204 23 and and CC 48378 204 24 counter counter NN 48378 204 25 - - NN 48378 204 26 flashing flashing NN 48378 204 27 . . . 48378 205 1 When when WRB 48378 205 2 tin tin NN 48378 205 3 is be VBZ 48378 205 4 used use VBN 48378 205 5 , , , 48378 205 6 paint paint VB 48378 205 7 it -PRON- PRP 48378 205 8 well well RB 48378 205 9 on on IN 48378 205 10 both both DT 48378 205 11 sides side NNS 48378 205 12 . . . 48378 206 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 206 2 3 3 LS 48378 206 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 206 4 See see VB 48378 206 5 p. p. NN 48378 206 6 26 26 CD 48378 206 7 , , , 48378 206 8 Farmers Farmers NNP 48378 206 9 ' ' POS 48378 206 10 Bulletin bulletin NN 48378 206 11 1751 1751 CD 48378 206 12 , , , 48378 206 13 Roof Roof NNP 48378 206 14 Coverings Coverings NNP 48378 206 15 for for IN 48378 206 16 Farm Farm NNP 48378 206 17 Buildings Buildings NNPS 48378 206 18 and and CC 48378 206 19 Their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 206 20 Repair repair NN 48378 206 21 , , , 48378 206 22 for for IN 48378 206 23 method method NN 48378 206 24 of of IN 48378 206 25 installing instal VBG 48378 206 26 flashing flashing NN 48378 206 27 . . . 48378 207 1 A a DT 48378 207 2 feature feature NN 48378 207 3 , , , 48378 207 4 said say VBD 48378 207 5 to to TO 48378 207 6 have have VB 48378 207 7 originated originate VBN 48378 207 8 in in IN 48378 207 9 colonial colonial JJ 48378 207 10 Williamsburg Williamsburg NNP 48378 207 11 as as IN 48378 207 12 a a DT 48378 207 13 precaution precaution NN 48378 207 14 against against IN 48378 207 15 fire fire NN 48378 207 16 hazard hazard NN 48378 207 17 , , , 48378 207 18 is be VBZ 48378 207 19 to to TO 48378 207 20 build build VB 48378 207 21 the the DT 48378 207 22 upper upper JJ 48378 207 23 section section NN 48378 207 24 of of IN 48378 207 25 outside outside JJ 48378 207 26 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 207 27 18 18 CD 48378 207 28 inches inch NNS 48378 207 29 to to IN 48378 207 30 2 2 CD 48378 207 31 feet foot NNS 48378 207 32 away away RB 48378 207 33 from from IN 48378 207 34 the the DT 48378 207 35 gable gable JJ 48378 207 36 ends end NNS 48378 207 37 of of IN 48378 207 38 the the DT 48378 207 39 house house NN 48378 207 40 ( ( -LRB- 48378 207 41 fig fig NN 48378 207 42 . . . 48378 208 1 17 17 CD 48378 208 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 208 3 . . . 48378 209 1 This this DT 48378 209 2 is be VBZ 48378 209 3 not not RB 48378 209 4 only only RB 48378 209 5 a a DT 48378 209 6 safety safety NN 48378 209 7 factor factor NN 48378 209 8 but but CC 48378 209 9 a a DT 48378 209 10 practical practical JJ 48378 209 11 one one NN 48378 209 12 because because IN 48378 209 13 the the DT 48378 209 14 chimney chimney NN 48378 209 15 can can MD 48378 209 16 be be VB 48378 209 17 more more RBR 48378 209 18 easily easily RB 48378 209 19 flashed flash VBN 48378 209 20 , , , 48378 209 21 small small JJ 48378 209 22 windows window NNS 48378 209 23 can can MD 48378 209 24 be be VB 48378 209 25 used use VBN 48378 209 26 in in IN 48378 209 27 the the DT 48378 209 28 walls wall NNS 48378 209 29 of of IN 48378 209 30 upper upper JJ 48378 209 31 story story NN 48378 209 32 rooms room NNS 48378 209 33 behind behind IN 48378 209 34 the the DT 48378 209 35 chimney chimney NN 48378 209 36 , , , 48378 209 37 and and CC 48378 209 38 framing frame VBG 48378 209 39 the the DT 48378 209 40 roof roof NN 48378 209 41 is be VBZ 48378 209 42 simplified simplify VBN 48378 209 43 . . . 48378 210 1 _ _ NNP 48378 210 2 Capping Capping NNP 48378 210 3 the the DT 48378 210 4 Chimney Chimney NNP 48378 210 5 _ _ IN 48378 210 6 Various various JJ 48378 210 7 methods method NNS 48378 210 8 of of IN 48378 210 9 terminating terminate VBG 48378 210 10 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 210 11 are be VBP 48378 210 12 shown show VBN 48378 210 13 in in IN 48378 210 14 figures figure NNS 48378 210 15 11 11 CD 48378 210 16 and and CC 48378 210 17 18 18 CD 48378 210 18 . . . 48378 211 1 Whatever whatever WDT 48378 211 2 one one NN 48378 211 3 is be VBZ 48378 211 4 used use VBN 48378 211 5 should should MD 48378 211 6 be be VB 48378 211 7 architecturally architecturally RB 48378 211 8 acceptable acceptable JJ 48378 211 9 , , , 48378 211 10 effective effective JJ 48378 211 11 in in IN 48378 211 12 preventing prevent VBG 48378 211 13 disintegration disintegration NN 48378 211 14 , , , 48378 211 15 and and CC 48378 211 16 so so RB 48378 211 17 made make VBN 48378 211 18 as as IN 48378 211 19 to to TO 48378 211 20 keep keep VB 48378 211 21 water water NN 48378 211 22 out out IN 48378 211 23 of of IN 48378 211 24 the the DT 48378 211 25 flue flue NN 48378 211 26 . . . 48378 212 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 212 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 212 3 : : : 48378 212 4 Figure figure NN 48378 212 5 16.--Cricket 16.--cricket CD 48378 212 6 , , , 48378 212 7 _ _ NNP 48378 212 8 j j NNP 48378 212 9 _ _ NNP 48378 212 10 , , , 48378 212 11 as as IN 48378 212 12 seen see VBN 48378 212 13 from from IN 48378 212 14 the the DT 48378 212 15 back back NN 48378 212 16 of of IN 48378 212 17 the the DT 48378 212 18 chimney chimney NN 48378 212 19 shown show VBN 48378 212 20 in in IN 48378 212 21 figure figure NN 48378 212 22 15 15 CD 48378 212 23 . . . 48378 213 1 A a DT 48378 213 2 section section NN 48378 213 3 through through IN 48378 213 4 the the DT 48378 213 5 cricket cricket NN 48378 213 6 is be VBZ 48378 213 7 also also RB 48378 213 8 shown show VBN 48378 213 9 . . . 48378 214 1 Note note VB 48378 214 2 how how WRB 48378 214 3 counter counter NN 48378 214 4 - - NN 48378 214 5 flashing flashing NN 48378 214 6 is be VBZ 48378 214 7 built build VBN 48378 214 8 into into IN 48378 214 9 the the DT 48378 214 10 mortar mortar NN 48378 214 11 joint joint NN 48378 214 12 at at IN 48378 214 13 _ _ NNP 48378 214 14 l l NNP 48378 214 15 _ _ NNP 48378 214 16 . . . 48378 214 17 ] ] -RRB- 48378 215 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 215 2 is be VBZ 48378 215 3 advisable advisable JJ 48378 215 4 to to TO 48378 215 5 project project VB 48378 215 6 the the DT 48378 215 7 flue flue JJ 48378 215 8 lining lining NN 48378 215 9 4 4 CD 48378 215 10 inches inch NNS 48378 215 11 above above IN 48378 215 12 the the DT 48378 215 13 cap cap NN 48378 215 14 or or CC 48378 215 15 top top JJ 48378 215 16 course course NN 48378 215 17 of of IN 48378 215 18 brick brick NN 48378 215 19 and and CC 48378 215 20 surround surround VB 48378 215 21 it -PRON- PRP 48378 215 22 with with IN 48378 215 23 at at RB 48378 215 24 least least RBS 48378 215 25 2 2 CD 48378 215 26 inches inch NNS 48378 215 27 of of IN 48378 215 28 cement cement NN 48378 215 29 mortar mortar NN 48378 215 30 finished finish VBD 48378 215 31 with with IN 48378 215 32 a a DT 48378 215 33 straight straight JJ 48378 215 34 or or CC 48378 215 35 concave concave NNP 48378 215 36 slope slope NN 48378 215 37 to to TO 48378 215 38 direct direct VB 48378 215 39 air air NN 48378 215 40 currents current NNS 48378 215 41 upward upward RB 48378 215 42 at at IN 48378 215 43 the the DT 48378 215 44 top top NN 48378 215 45 of of IN 48378 215 46 the the DT 48378 215 47 flue flue NN 48378 215 48 ; ; : 48378 215 49 the the DT 48378 215 50 sloped slope VBN 48378 215 51 mortar mortar NN 48378 215 52 also also RB 48378 215 53 serves serve VBZ 48378 215 54 to to TO 48378 215 55 drain drain VB 48378 215 56 water water NN 48378 215 57 from from IN 48378 215 58 the the DT 48378 215 59 top top NN 48378 215 60 of of IN 48378 215 61 the the DT 48378 215 62 chimney chimney NN 48378 215 63 . . . 48378 216 1 ( ( -LRB- 48378 216 2 See see VB 48378 216 3 fig fig NN 48378 216 4 . . . 48378 217 1 11 11 CD 48378 217 2 . . . 48378 217 3 ) ) -RRB- 48378 218 1 Hoods hood NNS 48378 218 2 are be VBP 48378 218 3 commonly commonly RB 48378 218 4 used use VBN 48378 218 5 to to TO 48378 218 6 keep keep VB 48378 218 7 rain rain NN 48378 218 8 out out IN 48378 218 9 of of IN 48378 218 10 a a DT 48378 218 11 chimney chimney NN 48378 218 12 ( ( -LRB- 48378 218 13 fig fig NN 48378 218 14 . . . 48378 219 1 18 18 CD 48378 219 2 , , , 48378 219 3 _ _ NNP 48378 219 4 A A NNP 48378 219 5 _ _ NNP 48378 219 6 and and CC 48378 219 7 _ _ NNP 48378 219 8 B B NNP 48378 219 9 _ _ NNP 48378 219 10 ) ) -RRB- 48378 219 11 . . . 48378 220 1 The the DT 48378 220 2 area area NN 48378 220 3 of of IN 48378 220 4 the the DT 48378 220 5 hood hood NNP 48378 220 6 openings opening NNS 48378 220 7 should should MD 48378 220 8 be be VB 48378 220 9 at at IN 48378 220 10 least least JJS 48378 220 11 equal equal JJ 48378 220 12 to to IN 48378 220 13 the the DT 48378 220 14 area area NN 48378 220 15 of of IN 48378 220 16 the the DT 48378 220 17 flue flue JJ 48378 220 18 and and CC 48378 220 19 each each DT 48378 220 20 flue flue NN 48378 220 21 should should MD 48378 220 22 have have VB 48378 220 23 a a DT 48378 220 24 separate separate JJ 48378 220 25 hood hood NN 48378 220 26 . . . 48378 221 1 Concrete concrete NN 48378 221 2 and and CC 48378 221 3 brick brick NN 48378 221 4 caps cap NNS 48378 221 5 are be VBP 48378 221 6 usually usually RB 48378 221 7 made make VBN 48378 221 8 4 4 CD 48378 221 9 inches inch NNS 48378 221 10 thick thick JJ 48378 221 11 , , , 48378 221 12 and and CC 48378 221 13 it -PRON- PRP 48378 221 14 is be VBZ 48378 221 15 advisable advisable JJ 48378 221 16 to to TO 48378 221 17 project project VB 48378 221 18 them -PRON- PRP 48378 221 19 an an DT 48378 221 20 inch inch NN 48378 221 21 or or CC 48378 221 22 two two CD 48378 221 23 to to TO 48378 221 24 form form VB 48378 221 25 a a DT 48378 221 26 drip drip NN 48378 221 27 ledge ledge NN 48378 221 28 . . . 48378 222 1 Many many JJ 48378 222 2 of of IN 48378 222 3 the the DT 48378 222 4 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 222 5 built build VBN 48378 222 6 today today NN 48378 222 7 are be VBP 48378 222 8 unsightly unsightly RB 48378 222 9 and and CC 48378 222 10 frequently frequently RB 48378 222 11 detract detract VBP 48378 222 12 from from IN 48378 222 13 an an DT 48378 222 14 otherwise otherwise RB 48378 222 15 well well RB 48378 222 16 - - HYPH 48378 222 17 designed design VBN 48378 222 18 house house NN 48378 222 19 . . . 48378 223 1 Within within IN 48378 223 2 the the DT 48378 223 3 last last JJ 48378 223 4 100 100 CD 48378 223 5 years year NNS 48378 223 6 the the DT 48378 223 7 size size NN 48378 223 8 and and CC 48378 223 9 attractiveness attractiveness NN 48378 223 10 of of IN 48378 223 11 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 223 12 ordinarily ordinarily RB 48378 223 13 built build VBN 48378 223 14 has have VBZ 48378 223 15 declined decline VBN 48378 223 16 . . . 48378 224 1 The the DT 48378 224 2 large large JJ 48378 224 3 old old JJ 48378 224 4 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 224 5 of of IN 48378 224 6 colonial colonial JJ 48378 224 7 days day NNS 48378 224 8 were be VBD 48378 224 9 proportioned proportion VBN 48378 224 10 to to TO 48378 224 11 suit suit VB 48378 224 12 the the DT 48378 224 13 house house NN 48378 224 14 and and CC 48378 224 15 surroundings surrounding NNS 48378 224 16 and and CC 48378 224 17 at at IN 48378 224 18 the the DT 48378 224 19 same same JJ 48378 224 20 time time NN 48378 224 21 provide provide VB 48378 224 22 for for IN 48378 224 23 two two CD 48378 224 24 or or CC 48378 224 25 more more JJR 48378 224 26 large large JJ 48378 224 27 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 224 28 . . . 48378 225 1 With with IN 48378 225 2 reduction reduction NN 48378 225 3 in in IN 48378 225 4 the the DT 48378 225 5 size size NN 48378 225 6 of of IN 48378 225 7 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 225 8 and and CC 48378 225 9 the the DT 48378 225 10 substitution substitution NN 48378 225 11 of of IN 48378 225 12 several several JJ 48378 225 13 stoves stove NNS 48378 225 14 and and CC 48378 225 15 eventually eventually RB 48378 225 16 one one CD 48378 225 17 central central JJ 48378 225 18 heating heating NN 48378 225 19 plant plant NN 48378 225 20 , , , 48378 225 21 the the DT 48378 225 22 chimney chimney NN 48378 225 23 has have VBZ 48378 225 24 developed develop VBN 48378 225 25 into into IN 48378 225 26 a a DT 48378 225 27 merely merely RB 48378 225 28 utilitarian utilitarian JJ 48378 225 29 shaft shaft NN 48378 225 30 . . . 48378 226 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 226 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 226 3 : : : 48378 226 4 Figure figure NN 48378 226 5 17.--A 17.--a JJ 48378 226 6 house house NN 48378 226 7 in in IN 48378 226 8 southern southern JJ 48378 226 9 Maryland Maryland NNP 48378 226 10 in in IN 48378 226 11 which which WDT 48378 226 12 the the DT 48378 226 13 space space NN 48378 226 14 between between IN 48378 226 15 the the DT 48378 226 16 chimney chimney NN 48378 226 17 and and CC 48378 226 18 the the DT 48378 226 19 house house NNP 48378 226 20 wall wall NN 48378 226 21 shows show VBZ 48378 226 22 clearly clearly RB 48378 226 23 . . . 48378 227 1 The the DT 48378 227 2 practice practice NN 48378 227 3 of of IN 48378 227 4 building build VBG 48378 227 5 the the DT 48378 227 6 chimney chimney NN 48378 227 7 in in IN 48378 227 8 this this DT 48378 227 9 way way NN 48378 227 10 is be VBZ 48378 227 11 common common JJ 48378 227 12 in in IN 48378 227 13 the the DT 48378 227 14 tidewater tidewater NN 48378 227 15 section section NN 48378 227 16 of of IN 48378 227 17 the the DT 48378 227 18 South South NNP 48378 227 19 . . . 48378 227 20 ] ] -RRB- 48378 228 1 Spark Spark NNP 48378 228 2 Arresters Arresters NNP 48378 228 3 Spark Spark NNP 48378 228 4 arresters arrester NNS 48378 228 5 are be VBP 48378 228 6 desirable desirable JJ 48378 228 7 and and CC 48378 228 8 , , , 48378 228 9 where where WRB 48378 228 10 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 228 11 are be VBP 48378 228 12 near near IN 48378 228 13 combustible combustible JJ 48378 228 14 roofs roof NNS 48378 228 15 , , , 48378 228 16 lumber lumber NN 48378 228 17 , , , 48378 228 18 forests forest NNS 48378 228 19 , , , 48378 228 20 etc etc FW 48378 228 21 . . FW 48378 228 22 , , , 48378 228 23 they -PRON- PRP 48378 228 24 are be VBP 48378 228 25 sometimes sometimes RB 48378 228 26 required require VBN 48378 228 27 , , , 48378 228 28 depending depend VBG 48378 228 29 on on IN 48378 228 30 the the DT 48378 228 31 kind kind NN 48378 228 32 of of IN 48378 228 33 fuel fuel NN 48378 228 34 , , , 48378 228 35 waste waste NN 48378 228 36 materials material NNS 48378 228 37 , , , 48378 228 38 or or CC 48378 228 39 refuse refuse VBP 48378 228 40 that that WDT 48378 228 41 may may MD 48378 228 42 be be VB 48378 228 43 burned burn VBN 48378 228 44 and and CC 48378 228 45 the the DT 48378 228 46 amount amount NN 48378 228 47 of of IN 48378 228 48 deposits deposit NNS 48378 228 49 that that WDT 48378 228 50 may may MD 48378 228 51 accumulate accumulate VB 48378 228 52 in in IN 48378 228 53 the the DT 48378 228 54 flues flue NNS 48378 228 55 . . . 48378 229 1 While while IN 48378 229 2 arresters arrester NNS 48378 229 3 can can MD 48378 229 4 not not RB 48378 229 5 be be VB 48378 229 6 depended depend VBN 48378 229 7 on on IN 48378 229 8 to to TO 48378 229 9 eliminate eliminate VB 48378 229 10 entirely entirely RB 48378 229 11 the the DT 48378 229 12 discharge discharge NN 48378 229 13 of of IN 48378 229 14 sparks spark NNS 48378 229 15 under under IN 48378 229 16 all all DT 48378 229 17 conditions condition NNS 48378 229 18 ; ; : 48378 229 19 yet yet CC 48378 229 20 , , , 48378 229 21 when when WRB 48378 229 22 properly properly RB 48378 229 23 built build VBN 48378 229 24 and and CC 48378 229 25 installed instal VBN 48378 229 26 , , , 48378 229 27 they -PRON- PRP 48378 229 28 materially materially RB 48378 229 29 reduce reduce VBP 48378 229 30 spark spark NN 48378 229 31 hazard hazard NN 48378 229 32 . . . 48378 230 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 230 2 4 4 CD 48378 230 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 230 4 [ [ -LRB- 48378 230 5 4 4 CD 48378 230 6 ] ] -RRB- 48378 230 7 See See NNP 48378 230 8 Standards Standards NNPS 48378 230 9 for for IN 48378 230 10 Construction Construction NNP 48378 230 11 and and CC 48378 230 12 Installation Installation NNP 48378 230 13 of of IN 48378 230 14 Spark Spark NNP 48378 230 15 Arresters Arresters NNPS 48378 230 16 for for IN 48378 230 17 Chimneys Chimneys NNPS 48378 230 18 and and CC 48378 230 19 Stacks Stacks NNP 48378 230 20 , , , 48378 230 21 published publish VBN 48378 230 22 by by IN 48378 230 23 the the DT 48378 230 24 National National NNP 48378 230 25 Fire Fire NNP 48378 230 26 Protection Protection NNP 48378 230 27 Association Association NNP 48378 230 28 . . . 48378 231 1 In in IN 48378 231 2 general general JJ 48378 231 3 all all DT 48378 231 4 parts part NNS 48378 231 5 , , , 48378 231 6 whether whether IN 48378 231 7 of of IN 48378 231 8 wire wire NN 48378 231 9 , , , 48378 231 10 expanded expand VBN 48378 231 11 metal metal NN 48378 231 12 , , , 48378 231 13 or or CC 48378 231 14 perforated perforate VBN 48378 231 15 sheets sheet NNS 48378 231 16 , , , 48378 231 17 give give VBP 48378 231 18 longer long JJR 48378 231 19 service service NN 48378 231 20 if if IN 48378 231 21 they -PRON- PRP 48378 231 22 are be VBP 48378 231 23 of of IN 48378 231 24 rust rust NN 48378 231 25 - - HYPH 48378 231 26 resistant resistant JJ 48378 231 27 material material NN 48378 231 28 . . . 48378 232 1 Arresters arrester NNS 48378 232 2 for for IN 48378 232 3 domestic domestic JJ 48378 232 4 purposes purpose NNS 48378 232 5 should should MD 48378 232 6 have have VB 48378 232 7 vertical vertical JJ 48378 232 8 sides side NNS 48378 232 9 extending extend VBG 48378 232 10 upward upward RB 48378 232 11 not not RB 48378 232 12 less less JJR 48378 232 13 than than IN 48378 232 14 9 9 CD 48378 232 15 inches inch NNS 48378 232 16 so so IN 48378 232 17 as as IN 48378 232 18 to to TO 48378 232 19 provide provide VB 48378 232 20 a a DT 48378 232 21 gross gross JJ 48378 232 22 area area NN 48378 232 23 of of IN 48378 232 24 surface surface NN 48378 232 25 at at IN 48378 232 26 least least JJS 48378 232 27 twice twice RB 48378 232 28 the the DT 48378 232 29 net net JJ 48378 232 30 flue flue JJ 48378 232 31 area area NN 48378 232 32 . . . 48378 233 1 They -PRON- PRP 48378 233 2 should should MD 48378 233 3 be be VB 48378 233 4 kept keep VBN 48378 233 5 outside outside IN 48378 233 6 of of IN 48378 233 7 the the DT 48378 233 8 flue flue JJ 48378 233 9 area area NN 48378 233 10 and and CC 48378 233 11 be be VB 48378 233 12 securely securely RB 48378 233 13 anchored anchor VBN 48378 233 14 to to IN 48378 233 15 the the DT 48378 233 16 chimney chimney NNP 48378 233 17 top top NN 48378 233 18 . . . 48378 234 1 Openings opening NNS 48378 234 2 in in IN 48378 234 3 the the DT 48378 234 4 screen screen NN 48378 234 5 not not RB 48378 234 6 larger large JJR 48378 234 7 than than IN 48378 234 8 five five CD 48378 234 9 - - HYPH 48378 234 10 eights eight NNS 48378 234 11 of of IN 48378 234 12 an an DT 48378 234 13 inch inch NN 48378 234 14 nor nor CC 48378 234 15 smaller small JJR 48378 234 16 than than IN 48378 234 17 five five CD 48378 234 18 - - HYPH 48378 234 19 sixteenths sixteenth NNS 48378 234 20 of of IN 48378 234 21 an an DT 48378 234 22 inch inch NN 48378 234 23 are be VBP 48378 234 24 advisable advisable JJ 48378 234 25 . . . 48378 235 1 Commercially commercially RB 48378 235 2 made make VBN 48378 235 3 screens screen NNS 48378 235 4 can can MD 48378 235 5 be be VB 48378 235 6 purchased purchase VBN 48378 235 7 which which WDT 48378 235 8 generally generally RB 48378 235 9 last last VBP 48378 235 10 several several JJ 48378 235 11 years year NNS 48378 235 12 . . . 48378 236 1 Arresters arrester NNS 48378 236 2 must must MD 48378 236 3 be be VB 48378 236 4 kept keep VBN 48378 236 5 adjusted adjust VBN 48378 236 6 in in IN 48378 236 7 position position NN 48378 236 8 and and CC 48378 236 9 renewed renew VBD 48378 236 10 when when WRB 48378 236 11 the the DT 48378 236 12 openings opening NNS 48378 236 13 are be VBP 48378 236 14 worn wear VBN 48378 236 15 larger large JJR 48378 236 16 than than IN 48378 236 17 the the DT 48378 236 18 normal normal JJ 48378 236 19 screen screen NN 48378 236 20 openings opening NNS 48378 236 21 . . . 48378 237 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 237 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 237 3 : : : 48378 237 4 Figure figure NN 48378 237 5 18.--_A 18.--_a CD 48378 237 6 _ _ NNP 48378 237 7 , , , 48378 237 8 A a DT 48378 237 9 common common JJ 48378 237 10 type type NN 48378 237 11 of of IN 48378 237 12 arched arched JJ 48378 237 13 hood hood NN 48378 237 14 ; ; : 48378 237 15 _ _ NNP 48378 237 16 B B NNP 48378 237 17 _ _ NNP 48378 237 18 , , , 48378 237 19 flat flat JJ 48378 237 20 stone stone NN 48378 237 21 hood hood NN 48378 237 22 ; ; : 48378 237 23 note note VB 48378 237 24 the the DT 48378 237 25 withe withe NNP 48378 237 26 separating separate VBG 48378 237 27 the the DT 48378 237 28 two two CD 48378 237 29 flues flue NNS 48378 237 30 . . . 48378 237 31 ] ] -RRB- 48378 238 1 ESTIMATING estimate VBG 48378 238 2 BRICK BRICK NNS 48378 238 3 The the DT 48378 238 4 number number NN 48378 238 5 of of IN 48378 238 6 standard standard JJ 48378 238 7 - - HYPH 48378 238 8 size size NN 48378 238 9 brick brick NN 48378 238 10 ( ( -LRB- 48378 238 11 8 8 CD 48378 238 12 by by IN 48378 238 13 3¾ 3¾ CD 48378 238 14 by by IN 48378 238 15 2¼ 2¼ CD 48378 238 16 inches inch NNS 48378 238 17 ) ) -RRB- 48378 238 18 required require VBN 48378 238 19 to to TO 48378 238 20 build build VB 48378 238 21 a a DT 48378 238 22 straight straight JJ 48378 238 23 chimney chimney NN 48378 238 24 having have VBG 48378 238 25 only only RB 48378 238 26 two two CD 48378 238 27 or or CC 48378 238 28 three three CD 48378 238 29 flues flue NNS 48378 238 30 can can MD 48378 238 31 be be VB 48378 238 32 estimated estimate VBN 48378 238 33 by by IN 48378 238 34 drawing draw VBG 48378 238 35 the the DT 48378 238 36 flue flue JJ 48378 238 37 lining lining NN 48378 238 38 to to TO 48378 238 39 scale scale NN 48378 238 40 and and CC 48378 238 41 then then RB 48378 238 42 drawing draw VBG 48378 238 43 lines line NNS 48378 238 44 4 4 CD 48378 238 45 inches inch NNS 48378 238 46 to to IN 48378 238 47 8 8 CD 48378 238 48 inches inch NNS 48378 238 49 outside outside RB 48378 238 50 of of IN 48378 238 51 the the DT 48378 238 52 lining lining NN 48378 238 53 depending depend VBG 48378 238 54 on on IN 48378 238 55 the the DT 48378 238 56 thickness thickness NN 48378 238 57 of of IN 48378 238 58 the the DT 48378 238 59 brick brick NN 48378 238 60 walls wall NNS 48378 238 61 . . . 48378 239 1 Lay lay VB 48378 239 2 out out RP 48378 239 3 4- 4- CD 48378 239 4 by by IN 48378 239 5 8-inch 8-inch CD 48378 239 6 rectangles rectangle NNS 48378 239 7 in in IN 48378 239 8 the the DT 48378 239 9 space space NN 48378 239 10 between between IN 48378 239 11 the the DT 48378 239 12 lining lining NN 48378 239 13 and and CC 48378 239 14 the the DT 48378 239 15 outside outside JJ 48378 239 16 lines line NNS 48378 239 17 to to TO 48378 239 18 determine determine VB 48378 239 19 how how WRB 48378 239 20 many many JJ 48378 239 21 brick brick NN 48378 239 22 are be VBP 48378 239 23 needed need VBN 48378 239 24 per per IN 48378 239 25 course course NN 48378 239 26 . . . 48378 240 1 For for IN 48378 240 2 example example NN 48378 240 3 , , , 48378 240 4 15½ 15½ CD 48378 240 5 brick brick NN 48378 240 6 are be VBP 48378 240 7 needed need VBN 48378 240 8 for for IN 48378 240 9 each each DT 48378 240 10 course course NN 48378 240 11 of of IN 48378 240 12 the the DT 48378 240 13 chimney chimney NN 48378 240 14 in in IN 48378 240 15 figure figure NN 48378 240 16 9 9 CD 48378 240 17 . . . 48378 241 1 Assuming assume VBG 48378 241 2 the the DT 48378 241 3 height height NN 48378 241 4 is be VBZ 48378 241 5 30 30 CD 48378 241 6 feet foot NNS 48378 241 7 and and CC 48378 241 8 one one CD 48378 241 9 - - HYPH 48378 241 10 half half NN 48378 241 11 - - HYPH 48378 241 12 inch inch NN 48378 241 13 mortar mortar NN 48378 241 14 joints joint NNS 48378 241 15 are be VBP 48378 241 16 used use VBN 48378 241 17 , , , 48378 241 18 also also RB 48378 241 19 that that IN 48378 241 20 there there EX 48378 241 21 are be VBP 48378 241 22 4½ 4½ NN 48378 241 23 courses course NNS 48378 241 24 per per IN 48378 241 25 foot foot NN 48378 241 26 , , , 48378 241 27 there there EX 48378 241 28 would would MD 48378 241 29 be be VB 48378 241 30 135 135 CD 48378 241 31 courses course NNS 48378 241 32 . . . 48378 242 1 Therefore therefore RB 48378 242 2 , , , 48378 242 3 135 135 CD 48378 242 4 multiplied multiply VBN 48378 242 5 by by IN 48378 242 6 15½ 15½ CD 48378 242 7 equals equal VBZ 48378 242 8 2,092 2,092 CD 48378 242 9 brick brick NN 48378 242 10 ; ; : 48378 242 11 about about RB 48378 242 12 100 100 CD 48378 242 13 more more JJR 48378 242 14 will will MD 48378 242 15 be be VB 48378 242 16 needed need VBN 48378 242 17 to to TO 48378 242 18 make make VB 48378 242 19 the the DT 48378 242 20 lower low JJR 48378 242 21 portion portion NN 48378 242 22 solid solid JJ 48378 242 23 , , , 48378 242 24 or or CC 48378 242 25 2,200 2,200 CD 48378 242 26 brick brick NN 48378 242 27 in in RB 48378 242 28 all all RB 48378 242 29 . . . 48378 243 1 A a DT 48378 243 2 more more RBR 48378 243 3 general general JJ 48378 243 4 method method NN 48378 243 5 of of IN 48378 243 6 estimating estimating NN 48378 243 7 that that WDT 48378 243 8 is be VBZ 48378 243 9 applicable applicable JJ 48378 243 10 to to IN 48378 243 11 more more RBR 48378 243 12 complex complex JJ 48378 243 13 structures structure NNS 48378 243 14 is be VBZ 48378 243 15 given give VBN 48378 243 16 on on IN 48378 243 17 page page NN 48378 243 18 43 43 CD 48378 243 19 . . . 48378 244 1 Methods method NNS 48378 244 2 of of IN 48378 244 3 determining determine VBG 48378 244 4 the the DT 48378 244 5 quantity quantity NN 48378 244 6 of of IN 48378 244 7 mortar mortar NN 48378 244 8 materials material NNS 48378 244 9 , , , 48378 244 10 labor labor NN 48378 244 11 , , , 48378 244 12 and and CC 48378 244 13 cost cost NN 48378 244 14 are be VBP 48378 244 15 also also RB 48378 244 16 given give VBN 48378 244 17 and and CC 48378 244 18 can can MD 48378 244 19 be be VB 48378 244 20 applied apply VBN 48378 244 21 to to IN 48378 244 22 this this DT 48378 244 23 example example NN 48378 244 24 . . . 48378 245 1 SMOKE smoke VB 48378 245 2 TEST test NN 48378 245 3 Every every DT 48378 245 4 flue flue NN 48378 245 5 should should MD 48378 245 6 be be VB 48378 245 7 subjected subject VBN 48378 245 8 to to IN 48378 245 9 the the DT 48378 245 10 following follow VBG 48378 245 11 smoke smoke NN 48378 245 12 test test NN 48378 245 13 before before IN 48378 245 14 the the DT 48378 245 15 heater heater NN 48378 245 16 is be VBZ 48378 245 17 connected connect VBN 48378 245 18 with with IN 48378 245 19 it -PRON- PRP 48378 245 20 and and CC 48378 245 21 preferably preferably RB 48378 245 22 before before IN 48378 245 23 the the DT 48378 245 24 chimney chimney NN 48378 245 25 has have VBZ 48378 245 26 been be VBN 48378 245 27 furred fur VBN 48378 245 28 and and CC 48378 245 29 plastered plastered JJ 48378 245 30 or or CC 48378 245 31 otherwise otherwise RB 48378 245 32 enclosed enclose VBN 48378 245 33 . . . 48378 246 1 Build build VB 48378 246 2 a a DT 48378 246 3 paper paper NN 48378 246 4 , , , 48378 246 5 straw straw NN 48378 246 6 , , , 48378 246 7 wood wood NN 48378 246 8 , , , 48378 246 9 or or CC 48378 246 10 tar tar NN 48378 246 11 - - HYPH 48378 246 12 paper paper NN 48378 246 13 fire fire NN 48378 246 14 at at IN 48378 246 15 the the DT 48378 246 16 base base NN 48378 246 17 of of IN 48378 246 18 the the DT 48378 246 19 flue flue NN 48378 246 20 . . . 48378 247 1 When when WRB 48378 247 2 the the DT 48378 247 3 smoke smoke NN 48378 247 4 is be VBZ 48378 247 5 rising rise VBG 48378 247 6 in in IN 48378 247 7 a a DT 48378 247 8 dense dense JJ 48378 247 9 column column NN 48378 247 10 , , , 48378 247 11 tightly tightly RB 48378 247 12 block block VB 48378 247 13 the the DT 48378 247 14 outlet outlet NN 48378 247 15 at at IN 48378 247 16 the the DT 48378 247 17 top top NN 48378 247 18 of of IN 48378 247 19 the the DT 48378 247 20 chimney chimney NN 48378 247 21 with with IN 48378 247 22 a a DT 48378 247 23 wet wet JJ 48378 247 24 blanket blanket NN 48378 247 25 . . . 48378 248 1 Smoke smoke VB 48378 248 2 that that WDT 48378 248 3 escapes escape VBZ 48378 248 4 through through IN 48378 248 5 the the DT 48378 248 6 masonry masonry NN 48378 248 7 indicates indicate VBZ 48378 248 8 the the DT 48378 248 9 location location NN 48378 248 10 of of IN 48378 248 11 leaks leak NNS 48378 248 12 . . . 48378 249 1 Frequently frequently RB 48378 249 2 this this DT 48378 249 3 test test NN 48378 249 4 reveals reveal VBZ 48378 249 5 bad bad JJ 48378 249 6 leaks leak NNS 48378 249 7 into into IN 48378 249 8 adjoining adjoining JJ 48378 249 9 flues flue NNS 48378 249 10 or or CC 48378 249 11 directly directly RB 48378 249 12 through through IN 48378 249 13 the the DT 48378 249 14 walls wall NNS 48378 249 15 or or CC 48378 249 16 between between IN 48378 249 17 the the DT 48378 249 18 linings lining NNS 48378 249 19 and and CC 48378 249 20 the the DT 48378 249 21 wall wall NN 48378 249 22 . . . 48378 250 1 Remedy remedy NN 48378 250 2 defects defect NNS 48378 250 3 before before IN 48378 250 4 the the DT 48378 250 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 250 6 is be VBZ 48378 250 7 accepted accept VBN 48378 250 8 for for IN 48378 250 9 use use NN 48378 250 10 . . . 48378 251 1 Such such JJ 48378 251 2 defects defect NNS 48378 251 3 are be VBP 48378 251 4 usually usually RB 48378 251 5 difficult difficult JJ 48378 251 6 to to TO 48378 251 7 correct correct VB 48378 251 8 ; ; : 48378 251 9 hence hence RB 48378 251 10 it -PRON- PRP 48378 251 11 is be VBZ 48378 251 12 wise wise JJ 48378 251 13 to to TO 48378 251 14 watch watch VB 48378 251 15 the the DT 48378 251 16 construction construction NN 48378 251 17 closely closely RB 48378 251 18 as as IN 48378 251 19 it -PRON- PRP 48378 251 20 progresses progress VBZ 48378 251 21 . . . 48378 252 1 CLEANING cleaning NN 48378 252 2 AND and CC 48378 252 3 REPAIRING repair VBG 48378 252 4 FLUES flues NN 48378 252 5 Chimneys chimney NNS 48378 252 6 develop develop VBP 48378 252 7 defects defect NNS 48378 252 8 which which WDT 48378 252 9 if if IN 48378 252 10 not not RB 48378 252 11 promptly promptly RB 48378 252 12 repaired repair VBN 48378 252 13 cause cause NN 48378 252 14 trouble trouble NN 48378 252 15 . . . 48378 253 1 Most Most JJS 48378 253 2 masonry masonry NN 48378 253 3 requires require VBZ 48378 253 4 replacement replacement NN 48378 253 5 of of IN 48378 253 6 worn wear VBN 48378 253 7 or or CC 48378 253 8 weathered weather VBN 48378 253 9 material material NN 48378 253 10 or or CC 48378 253 11 repointing repointing NN 48378 253 12 of of IN 48378 253 13 mortar mortar NN 48378 253 14 joints joint NNS 48378 253 15 , , , 48378 253 16 while while IN 48378 253 17 flues flue NNS 48378 253 18 become become VBP 48378 253 19 clogged clogged JJ 48378 253 20 and and CC 48378 253 21 flashings flashing NNS 48378 253 22 fail fail VBP 48378 253 23 . . . 48378 254 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 254 2 is be VBZ 48378 254 3 advisable advisable JJ 48378 254 4 to to TO 48378 254 5 test test VB 48378 254 6 a a DT 48378 254 7 chimney chimney NN 48378 254 8 every every DT 48378 254 9 few few JJ 48378 254 10 years year NNS 48378 254 11 for for IN 48378 254 12 tightness tightness NN 48378 254 13 by by IN 48378 254 14 the the DT 48378 254 15 smoke smoke NN 48378 254 16 test test NN 48378 254 17 just just RB 48378 254 18 described describe VBN 48378 254 19 ; ; : 48378 254 20 to to TO 48378 254 21 examine examine VB 48378 254 22 the the DT 48378 254 23 inside inside NN 48378 254 24 of of IN 48378 254 25 the the DT 48378 254 26 flues flue NNS 48378 254 27 by by IN 48378 254 28 lowering lower VBG 48378 254 29 a a DT 48378 254 30 lantern lantern NN 48378 254 31 or or CC 48378 254 32 flashlight flashlight NN 48378 254 33 on on IN 48378 254 34 a a DT 48378 254 35 strong strong JJ 48378 254 36 cord cord NN 48378 254 37 down down RP 48378 254 38 from from IN 48378 254 39 the the DT 48378 254 40 top top NN 48378 254 41 of of IN 48378 254 42 the the DT 48378 254 43 chimney chimney NN 48378 254 44 or or CC 48378 254 45 by by IN 48378 254 46 holding hold VBG 48378 254 47 a a DT 48378 254 48 hand hand NN 48378 254 49 mirror mirror NN 48378 254 50 at at IN 48378 254 51 the the DT 48378 254 52 proper proper JJ 48378 254 53 angle angle NN 48378 254 54 at at IN 48378 254 55 a a DT 48378 254 56 stovepipe stovepipe JJ 48378 254 57 hole hole NN 48378 254 58 ; ; : 48378 254 59 to to TO 48378 254 60 inspect inspect VB 48378 254 61 the the DT 48378 254 62 masonry masonry NN 48378 254 63 for for IN 48378 254 64 loose loose JJ 48378 254 65 units unit NNS 48378 254 66 , , , 48378 254 67 which which WDT 48378 254 68 are be VBP 48378 254 69 most most RBS 48378 254 70 likely likely JJ 48378 254 71 to to TO 48378 254 72 occur occur VB 48378 254 73 at at IN 48378 254 74 the the DT 48378 254 75 top top NN 48378 254 76 ( ( -LRB- 48378 254 77 fig fig NN 48378 254 78 . . . 48378 255 1 3 3 LS 48378 255 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 255 3 where where WRB 48378 255 4 the the DT 48378 255 5 action action NN 48378 255 6 of of IN 48378 255 7 the the DT 48378 255 8 flue flue JJ 48378 255 9 gases gas NNS 48378 255 10 , , , 48378 255 11 especially especially RB 48378 255 12 when when WRB 48378 255 13 soft soft JJ 48378 255 14 coal coal NN 48378 255 15 is be VBZ 48378 255 16 burned burn VBN 48378 255 17 , , , 48378 255 18 disintegrates disintegrate VBZ 48378 255 19 the the DT 48378 255 20 mortar mortar NN 48378 255 21 ; ; : 48378 255 22 to to TO 48378 255 23 test test VB 48378 255 24 mortar mortar NN 48378 255 25 joints joint NNS 48378 255 26 from from IN 48378 255 27 the the DT 48378 255 28 outside outside NN 48378 255 29 by by IN 48378 255 30 prodding prod VBG 48378 255 31 with with IN 48378 255 32 a a DT 48378 255 33 knife knife NN 48378 255 34 or or CC 48378 255 35 similar similar JJ 48378 255 36 tool tool NN 48378 255 37 to to TO 48378 255 38 determine determine VB 48378 255 39 if if IN 48378 255 40 the the DT 48378 255 41 mortar mortar NN 48378 255 42 is be VBZ 48378 255 43 loose loose JJ 48378 255 44 clear clear JJ 48378 255 45 through through IN 48378 255 46 the the DT 48378 255 47 joint joint NN 48378 255 48 so so IN 48378 255 49 as as IN 48378 255 50 to to TO 48378 255 51 leave leave VB 48378 255 52 a a DT 48378 255 53 hole hole NN 48378 255 54 ; ; : 48378 255 55 and and CC 48378 255 56 to to TO 48378 255 57 notice notice VB 48378 255 58 if if IN 48378 255 59 the the DT 48378 255 60 chimney chimney NN 48378 255 61 is be VBZ 48378 255 62 damp damp JJ 48378 255 63 because because IN 48378 255 64 of of IN 48378 255 65 leaky leaky JJ 48378 255 66 flashings flashing NNS 48378 255 67 , , , 48378 255 68 absorption absorption NN 48378 255 69 of of IN 48378 255 70 moisture moisture NN 48378 255 71 from from IN 48378 255 72 the the DT 48378 255 73 ground ground NN 48378 255 74 , , , 48378 255 75 condensation condensation NN 48378 255 76 , , , 48378 255 77 or or CC 48378 255 78 excessive excessive JJ 48378 255 79 rain rain NN 48378 255 80 entering enter VBG 48378 255 81 the the DT 48378 255 82 flues flue NNS 48378 255 83 . . . 48378 256 1 Cleaning clean VBG 48378 256 2 Bricks Bricks NNPS 48378 256 3 that that WDT 48378 256 4 fall fall VBP 48378 256 5 from from IN 48378 256 6 the the DT 48378 256 7 top top NN 48378 256 8 and and CC 48378 256 9 lodge lodge NN 48378 256 10 at at IN 48378 256 11 offsets offset NNS 48378 256 12 or or CC 48378 256 13 contracted contract VBN 48378 256 14 sections section NNS 48378 256 15 can can MD 48378 256 16 sometimes sometimes RB 48378 256 17 be be VB 48378 256 18 reached reach VBN 48378 256 19 and and CC 48378 256 20 dislodged dislodge VBN 48378 256 21 by by IN 48378 256 22 a a DT 48378 256 23 long long JJ 48378 256 24 pole pole NN 48378 256 25 or or CC 48378 256 26 sections section NNS 48378 256 27 of of IN 48378 256 28 pipe pipe NN 48378 256 29 screwed screw VBD 48378 256 30 together together RB 48378 256 31 . . . 48378 257 1 They -PRON- PRP 48378 257 2 can can MD 48378 257 3 be be VB 48378 257 4 caught catch VBN 48378 257 5 on on IN 48378 257 6 a a DT 48378 257 7 shingle shingle NN 48378 257 8 or or CC 48378 257 9 piece piece NN 48378 257 10 of of IN 48378 257 11 sheet sheet NN 48378 257 12 metal metal NN 48378 257 13 shoved shove VBN 48378 257 14 into into IN 48378 257 15 a a DT 48378 257 16 stovepipe stovepipe JJ 48378 257 17 hole hole NN 48378 257 18 or or CC 48378 257 19 removed remove VBN 48378 257 20 through through IN 48378 257 21 a a DT 48378 257 22 clean clean VB 48378 257 23 - - HYPH 48378 257 24 out out RP 48378 257 25 door door NN 48378 257 26 . . . 48378 258 1 A a DT 48378 258 2 weighted weighted JJ 48378 258 3 cement cement NN 48378 258 4 sack sack NN 48378 258 5 filled fill VBN 48378 258 6 with with IN 48378 258 7 straw straw NN 48378 258 8 and and CC 48378 258 9 attached attach VBN 48378 258 10 to to IN 48378 258 11 the the DT 48378 258 12 end end NN 48378 258 13 of of IN 48378 258 14 a a DT 48378 258 15 rope rope NN 48378 258 16 may may MD 48378 258 17 be be VB 48378 258 18 pulled pull VBN 48378 258 19 up up RP 48378 258 20 and and CC 48378 258 21 down down IN 48378 258 22 the the DT 48378 258 23 flue flue NN 48378 258 24 to to TO 48378 258 25 remove remove VB 48378 258 26 soot soot NN 48378 258 27 and and CC 48378 258 28 loose loose JJ 48378 258 29 material material NN 48378 258 30 if if IN 48378 258 31 the the DT 48378 258 32 offset offset NN 48378 258 33 is be VBZ 48378 258 34 not not RB 48378 258 35 too too RB 48378 258 36 great great JJ 48378 258 37 . . . 48378 259 1 Trouble trouble NN 48378 259 2 with with IN 48378 259 3 creosote creosote NN 48378 259 4 and and CC 48378 259 5 soot soot NN 48378 259 6 can can MD 48378 259 7 be be VB 48378 259 8 reduced reduce VBN 48378 259 9 when when WRB 48378 259 10 one one PRP 48378 259 11 understands understand VBZ 48378 259 12 how how WRB 48378 259 13 they -PRON- PRP 48378 259 14 are be VBP 48378 259 15 formed form VBN 48378 259 16 . . . 48378 260 1 Smoke smoke NN 48378 260 2 and and CC 48378 260 3 soot soot NN 48378 260 4 are be VBP 48378 260 5 caused cause VBN 48378 260 6 by by IN 48378 260 7 imperfect imperfect JJ 48378 260 8 combustion combustion NN 48378 260 9 , , , 48378 260 10 usually usually RB 48378 260 11 due due JJ 48378 260 12 to to IN 48378 260 13 one one CD 48378 260 14 or or CC 48378 260 15 all all DT 48378 260 16 of of IN 48378 260 17 the the DT 48378 260 18 following following JJ 48378 260 19 conditions condition NNS 48378 260 20 : : : 48378 260 21 ( ( -LRB- 48378 260 22 1 1 LS 48378 260 23 ) ) -RRB- 48378 260 24 Lack lack NN 48378 260 25 of of IN 48378 260 26 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 260 27 air air NN 48378 260 28 to to IN 48378 260 29 the the DT 48378 260 30 fire fire NN 48378 260 31 ; ; : 48378 260 32 ( ( -LRB- 48378 260 33 2 2 LS 48378 260 34 ) ) -RRB- 48378 260 35 improper improper JJ 48378 260 36 mixture mixture NN 48378 260 37 of of IN 48378 260 38 air air NN 48378 260 39 with with IN 48378 260 40 furnace furnace NN 48378 260 41 gases gas NNS 48378 260 42 ; ; : 48378 260 43 ( ( -LRB- 48378 260 44 3 3 LS 48378 260 45 ) ) -RRB- 48378 260 46 low low JJ 48378 260 47 furnace furnace NN 48378 260 48 temperature temperature NN 48378 260 49 ; ; , 48378 260 50 ( ( -LRB- 48378 260 51 4 4 LS 48378 260 52 ) ) -RRB- 48378 260 53 too too RB 48378 260 54 small small JJ 48378 260 55 combustion combustion NN 48378 260 56 space space NN 48378 260 57 so so IN 48378 260 58 that that IN 48378 260 59 the the DT 48378 260 60 gases gas NNS 48378 260 61 reach reach VBP 48378 260 62 the the DT 48378 260 63 comparatively comparatively RB 48378 260 64 cool cool JJ 48378 260 65 furnace furnace NN 48378 260 66 surface surface NN 48378 260 67 before before IN 48378 260 68 they -PRON- PRP 48378 260 69 are be VBP 48378 260 70 completely completely RB 48378 260 71 burned burn VBN 48378 260 72 and and CC 48378 260 73 , , , 48378 260 74 as as IN 48378 260 75 a a DT 48378 260 76 result result NN 48378 260 77 , , , 48378 260 78 soot soot NN 48378 260 79 or or CC 48378 260 80 tarry tarry VB 48378 260 81 matter matter NN 48378 260 82 condenses condense NNS 48378 260 83 and and CC 48378 260 84 then then RB 48378 260 85 passes pass VBZ 48378 260 86 up up RP 48378 260 87 the the DT 48378 260 88 chimney chimney NN 48378 260 89 in in IN 48378 260 90 the the DT 48378 260 91 form form NN 48378 260 92 of of IN 48378 260 93 smoke smoke NN 48378 260 94 . . . 48378 261 1 Soft soft JJ 48378 261 2 coal coal NN 48378 261 3 causes cause VBZ 48378 261 4 more more JJR 48378 261 5 soot soot NN 48378 261 6 trouble trouble NN 48378 261 7 than than IN 48378 261 8 hard hard JJ 48378 261 9 coal coal NN 48378 261 10 . . . 48378 262 1 If if IN 48378 262 2 soot soot NN 48378 262 3 accumulates accumulate VBZ 48378 262 4 fast fast RB 48378 262 5 or or CC 48378 262 6 trouble trouble NN 48378 262 7 is be VBZ 48378 262 8 experienced experience VBN 48378 262 9 with with IN 48378 262 10 unusual unusual JJ 48378 262 11 smoke smoke NN 48378 262 12 when when WRB 48378 262 13 firing fire VBG 48378 262 14 , , , 48378 262 15 it -PRON- PRP 48378 262 16 is be VBZ 48378 262 17 probable probable JJ 48378 262 18 that that IN 48378 262 19 the the DT 48378 262 20 heating heating NN 48378 262 21 equipment equipment NN 48378 262 22 is be VBZ 48378 262 23 not not RB 48378 262 24 being be VBG 48378 262 25 operated operate VBN 48378 262 26 properly properly RB 48378 262 27 . . . 48378 263 1 The the DT 48378 263 2 manufacturer manufacturer NN 48378 263 3 or or CC 48378 263 4 installer installer NN 48378 263 5 usually usually RB 48378 263 6 is be VBZ 48378 263 7 able able JJ 48378 263 8 to to TO 48378 263 9 suggest suggest VB 48378 263 10 proper proper JJ 48378 263 11 adjustments adjustment NNS 48378 263 12 . . . 48378 264 1 Investigations investigation NNS 48378 264 2 by by IN 48378 264 3 the the DT 48378 264 4 United United NNP 48378 264 5 States States NNP 48378 264 6 Bureau Bureau NNP 48378 264 7 of of IN 48378 264 8 Mines[5 Mines[5 NNP 48378 264 9 ] ] -RRB- 48378 264 10 have have VBP 48378 264 11 shown show VBN 48378 264 12 that that IN 48378 264 13 various various JJ 48378 264 14 materials material NNS 48378 264 15 on on IN 48378 264 16 being be VBG 48378 264 17 burned burn VBN 48378 264 18 or or CC 48378 264 19 volatilized volatilize VBN 48378 264 20 form form NN 48378 264 21 a a DT 48378 264 22 vapor vapor NN 48378 264 23 or or CC 48378 264 24 smoke smoke NN 48378 264 25 which which WDT 48378 264 26 settles settle VBZ 48378 264 27 upon upon IN 48378 264 28 soot soot NN 48378 264 29 ; ; : 48378 264 30 causing cause VBG 48378 264 31 it -PRON- PRP 48378 264 32 to to TO 48378 264 33 ignite ignite VB 48378 264 34 at at IN 48378 264 35 a a DT 48378 264 36 lower low JJR 48378 264 37 temperature temperature NN 48378 264 38 and and CC 48378 264 39 burn burn VB 48378 264 40 more more RBR 48378 264 41 easily easily RB 48378 264 42 . . . 48378 265 1 For for IN 48378 265 2 soot soot NN 48378 265 3 to to TO 48378 265 4 burn burn VB 48378 265 5 , , , 48378 265 6 the the DT 48378 265 7 gases gas NNS 48378 265 8 in in IN 48378 265 9 contact contact NN 48378 265 10 with with IN 48378 265 11 it -PRON- PRP 48378 265 12 must must MD 48378 265 13 have have VB 48378 265 14 a a DT 48378 265 15 temperature temperature NN 48378 265 16 high high JJ 48378 265 17 enough enough RB 48378 265 18 to to TO 48378 265 19 ignite ignite VB 48378 265 20 it -PRON- PRP 48378 265 21 and and CC 48378 265 22 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 265 23 air air NN 48378 265 24 to to TO 48378 265 25 support support VB 48378 265 26 the the DT 48378 265 27 combustion combustion NN 48378 265 28 . . . 48378 266 1 The the DT 48378 266 2 effectiveness effectiveness NN 48378 266 3 of of IN 48378 266 4 burning burn VBG 48378 266 5 varies varie NNS 48378 266 6 with with IN 48378 266 7 the the DT 48378 266 8 composition composition NN 48378 266 9 of of IN 48378 266 10 the the DT 48378 266 11 remover remover NN 48378 266 12 , , , 48378 266 13 but but CC 48378 266 14 it -PRON- PRP 48378 266 15 also also RB 48378 266 16 depends depend VBZ 48378 266 17 upon upon IN 48378 266 18 conditions condition NNS 48378 266 19 being be VBG 48378 266 20 favorable favorable JJ 48378 266 21 . . . 48378 267 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 267 2 will will MD 48378 267 3 usually usually RB 48378 267 4 reduce reduce VB 48378 267 5 somewhat somewhat RB 48378 267 6 the the DT 48378 267 7 soot soot NN 48378 267 8 in in IN 48378 267 9 a a DT 48378 267 10 furnace furnace NN 48378 267 11 and and CC 48378 267 12 smoke smoke NN 48378 267 13 pipe pipe NN 48378 267 14 but but CC 48378 267 15 not not RB 48378 267 16 in in IN 48378 267 17 a a DT 48378 267 18 chimney chimney NN 48378 267 19 . . . 48378 268 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 268 2 has have VBZ 48378 268 3 no no DT 48378 268 4 effect effect NN 48378 268 5 on on IN 48378 268 6 the the DT 48378 268 7 ash ash NN 48378 268 8 mixed mix VBN 48378 268 9 with with IN 48378 268 10 the the DT 48378 268 11 soot soot NN 48378 268 12 . . . 48378 269 1 This this DT 48378 269 2 ash ash NN 48378 269 3 not not RB 48378 269 4 only only RB 48378 269 5 does do VBZ 48378 269 6 not not RB 48378 269 7 burn burn VB 48378 269 8 , , , 48378 269 9 but but CC 48378 269 10 prevents prevent VBZ 48378 269 11 complete complete JJ 48378 269 12 burning burning NN 48378 269 13 of of IN 48378 269 14 the the DT 48378 269 15 soot soot NN 48378 269 16 mixed mix VBN 48378 269 17 with with IN 48378 269 18 it -PRON- PRP 48378 269 19 . . . 48378 270 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 270 2 5 5 CD 48378 270 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 270 4 Nichols Nichols NNP 48378 270 5 , , , 48378 270 6 P. P. NNP 48378 270 7 , , , 48378 270 8 and and CC 48378 270 9 Staples Staples NNP 48378 270 10 , , , 48378 270 11 C. C. NNP 48378 270 12 W. W. NNP 48378 270 13 REMOVAL REMOVAL NNP 48378 270 14 OR or CC 48378 270 15 SOOT soot NN 48378 270 16 FROM from IN 48378 270 17 FURNACES furnaces NN 48378 270 18 AND and CC 48378 270 19 FLUES flues NN 48378 270 20 BY by IN 48378 270 21 THE the DT 48378 270 22 USE USE NNP 48378 270 23 OF of IN 48378 270 24 SALTS SALTS NNP 48378 270 25 OR or CC 48378 270 26 COMPOUNDS compound NNS 48378 270 27 . . . 48378 271 1 U. U. NNP 48378 271 2 S. S. NNP 48378 271 3 Bur Bur NNP 48378 271 4 . . . 48378 272 1 Mines Mines NNP 48378 272 2 Bul Bul NNP 48378 272 3 . . . 48378 273 1 360 360 CD 48378 273 2 , , , 48378 273 3 76 76 CD 48378 273 4 pp pp NNP 48378 273 5 . . NNP 48378 273 6 , , , 48378 273 7 illus illus JJ 48378 273 8 . . . 48378 274 1 1932 1932 CD 48378 274 2 . . . 48378 275 1 Soot soot NN 48378 275 2 removers remover NNS 48378 275 3 cause cause VBP 48378 275 4 soot soot NN 48378 275 5 to to TO 48378 275 6 burn burn VB 48378 275 7 and and CC 48378 275 8 are be VBP 48378 275 9 fire fire NN 48378 275 10 hazards hazard NNS 48378 275 11 . . . 48378 276 1 The the DT 48378 276 2 correct correct JJ 48378 276 3 and and CC 48378 276 4 most most RBS 48378 276 5 thorough thorough JJ 48378 276 6 method method NN 48378 276 7 of of IN 48378 276 8 cleaning clean VBG 48378 276 9 a a DT 48378 276 10 chimney chimney NN 48378 276 11 is be VBZ 48378 276 12 to to TO 48378 276 13 do do VB 48378 276 14 so so RB 48378 276 15 manually manually RB 48378 276 16 or or CC 48378 276 17 to to TO 48378 276 18 employ employ VB 48378 276 19 modern modern JJ 48378 276 20 exhaust exhaust NN 48378 276 21 or or CC 48378 276 22 vacuum vacuum NN 48378 276 23 methods method NNS 48378 276 24 used use VBN 48378 276 25 by by IN 48378 276 26 furnace furnace NN 48378 276 27 repairmen repairman NNS 48378 276 28 . . . 48378 277 1 However however RB 48378 277 2 , , , 48378 277 3 it -PRON- PRP 48378 277 4 is be VBZ 48378 277 5 inconvenient inconvenient JJ 48378 277 6 to to TO 48378 277 7 remove remove VB 48378 277 8 soot soot NN 48378 277 9 and and CC 48378 277 10 ash ash NN 48378 277 11 accumulations accumulation NNS 48378 277 12 thoroughly thoroughly RB 48378 277 13 more more RBR 48378 277 14 than than IN 48378 277 15 once once RB 48378 277 16 a a DT 48378 277 17 year year NN 48378 277 18 ; ; : 48378 277 19 hence hence RB 48378 277 20 a a DT 48378 277 21 remover remover NN 48378 277 22 may may MD 48378 277 23 help help VB 48378 277 24 to to TO 48378 277 25 keep keep VB 48378 277 26 the the DT 48378 277 27 passages passage NNS 48378 277 28 of of IN 48378 277 29 stoves stove NNS 48378 277 30 and and CC 48378 277 31 heaters heater NNS 48378 277 32 clear clear JJ 48378 277 33 between between IN 48378 277 34 annual annual JJ 48378 277 35 cleanings cleaning NNS 48378 277 36 , , , 48378 277 37 if if IN 48378 277 38 deposits deposit NNS 48378 277 39 of of IN 48378 277 40 soot soot NN 48378 277 41 accumulate accumulate NN 48378 277 42 quickly quickly RB 48378 277 43 and and CC 48378 277 44 reduce reduce VB 48378 277 45 the the DT 48378 277 46 draft draft NN 48378 277 47 . . . 48378 278 1 Likelihood likelihood NN 48378 278 2 of of IN 48378 278 3 success success NN 48378 278 4 in in IN 48378 278 5 cleaning cleaning NN 48378 278 6 is be VBZ 48378 278 7 greater great JJR 48378 278 8 when when WRB 48378 278 9 the the DT 48378 278 10 deposits deposit NNS 48378 278 11 of of IN 48378 278 12 soot soot NN 48378 278 13 are be VBP 48378 278 14 thick thick JJ 48378 278 15 , , , 48378 278 16 provided provide VBN 48378 278 17 they -PRON- PRP 48378 278 18 do do VBP 48378 278 19 not not RB 48378 278 20 cut cut VB 48378 278 21 down down RP 48378 278 22 the the DT 48378 278 23 draft draft NN 48378 278 24 too too RB 48378 278 25 much much RB 48378 278 26 . . . 48378 279 1 If if IN 48378 279 2 burning burning NN 48378 279 3 is be VBZ 48378 279 4 employed employ VBN 48378 279 5 , , , 48378 279 6 there there EX 48378 279 7 is be VBZ 48378 279 8 less less JJR 48378 279 9 risk risk NN 48378 279 10 when when WRB 48378 279 11 it -PRON- PRP 48378 279 12 is be VBZ 48378 279 13 done do VBN 48378 279 14 frequently frequently RB 48378 279 15 enough enough RB 48378 279 16 to to TO 48378 279 17 prevent prevent VB 48378 279 18 large large JJ 48378 279 19 accumulations accumulation NNS 48378 279 20 , , , 48378 279 21 which which WDT 48378 279 22 cause cause VBP 48378 279 23 intense intense JJ 48378 279 24 fires fire NNS 48378 279 25 . . . 48378 280 1 Also also RB 48378 280 2 , , , 48378 280 3 freeing free VBG 48378 280 4 the the DT 48378 280 5 heater heater NN 48378 280 6 and and CC 48378 280 7 pipe pipe NN 48378 280 8 of of IN 48378 280 9 soot soot NN 48378 280 10 permits permit VBZ 48378 280 11 better well JJR 48378 280 12 fuel fuel NN 48378 280 13 burning burning NN 48378 280 14 and and CC 48378 280 15 higher high JJR 48378 280 16 temperatures temperature NNS 48378 280 17 in in IN 48378 280 18 the the DT 48378 280 19 chimney chimney NN 48378 280 20 flue flue NN 48378 280 21 , , , 48378 280 22 thus thus RB 48378 280 23 reducing reduce VBG 48378 280 24 the the DT 48378 280 25 amount amount NN 48378 280 26 of of IN 48378 280 27 soot soot NN 48378 280 28 likely likely JJ 48378 280 29 to to TO 48378 280 30 be be VB 48378 280 31 deposited deposit VBN 48378 280 32 on on IN 48378 280 33 the the DT 48378 280 34 flue flue JJ 48378 280 35 walls wall NNS 48378 280 36 . . . 48378 281 1 Common common JJ 48378 281 2 salt salt NN 48378 281 3 ( ( -LRB- 48378 281 4 rock rock NN 48378 281 5 or or CC 48378 281 6 ice ice NN 48378 281 7 - - HYPH 48378 281 8 cream cream NN 48378 281 9 salt salt NN 48378 281 10 ) ) -RRB- 48378 281 11 is be VBZ 48378 281 12 not not RB 48378 281 13 the the DT 48378 281 14 most most RBS 48378 281 15 effective effective JJ 48378 281 16 remover remover NN 48378 281 17 , , , 48378 281 18 yet yet CC 48378 281 19 it -PRON- PRP 48378 281 20 is be VBZ 48378 281 21 the the DT 48378 281 22 most most RBS 48378 281 23 widely widely RB 48378 281 24 used use VBN 48378 281 25 because because IN 48378 281 26 of of IN 48378 281 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 281 28 cheapness cheapness NN 48378 281 29 , , , 48378 281 30 ease ease NN 48378 281 31 of of IN 48378 281 32 handling handling NN 48378 281 33 , , , 48378 281 34 and and CC 48378 281 35 general general JJ 48378 281 36 availability availability NN 48378 281 37 . . . 48378 282 1 Use use VB 48378 282 2 two two CD 48378 282 3 or or CC 48378 282 4 three three CD 48378 282 5 teacupfuls teacupful NNS 48378 282 6 per per IN 48378 282 7 application application NN 48378 282 8 . . . 48378 283 1 Metallic metallic JJ 48378 283 2 zinc zinc NN 48378 283 3 in in IN 48378 283 4 the the DT 48378 283 5 form form NN 48378 283 6 of of IN 48378 283 7 dust dust NN 48378 283 8 or or CC 48378 283 9 small small JJ 48378 283 10 granules granule NNS 48378 283 11 is be VBZ 48378 283 12 often often RB 48378 283 13 used use VBN 48378 283 14 ; ; : 48378 283 15 however however RB 48378 283 16 , , , 48378 283 17 a a DT 48378 283 18 mixture mixture NN 48378 283 19 of of IN 48378 283 20 salt salt NN 48378 283 21 and and CC 48378 283 22 10 10 CD 48378 283 23 percent percent NN 48378 283 24 zinc zinc NN 48378 283 25 dust dust NN 48378 283 26 is be VBZ 48378 283 27 more more RBR 48378 283 28 effective effective JJ 48378 283 29 than than IN 48378 283 30 either either DT 48378 283 31 salt salt NN 48378 283 32 or or CC 48378 283 33 zinc zinc NN 48378 283 34 alone alone RB 48378 283 35 . . . 48378 284 1 One one CD 48378 284 2 of of IN 48378 284 3 the the DT 48378 284 4 most most RBS 48378 284 5 effective effective JJ 48378 284 6 mixtures mixture NNS 48378 284 7 of of IN 48378 284 8 materials material NNS 48378 284 9 readily readily RB 48378 284 10 available available JJ 48378 284 11 is be VBZ 48378 284 12 1 1 CD 48378 284 13 part part NN 48378 284 14 dry dry JJ 48378 284 15 red red JJ 48378 284 16 lead lead NN 48378 284 17 and and CC 48378 284 18 5 5 CD 48378 284 19 parts part NNS 48378 284 20 common common JJ 48378 284 21 salt salt NN 48378 284 22 , , , 48378 284 23 measured measure VBN 48378 284 24 by by IN 48378 284 25 weight weight NN 48378 284 26 . . . 48378 285 1 Shake shake VB 48378 285 2 these these DT 48378 285 3 together together RB 48378 285 4 in in IN 48378 285 5 a a DT 48378 285 6 can can NN 48378 285 7 with with IN 48378 285 8 a a DT 48378 285 9 tight tight RB 48378 285 10 - - HYPH 48378 285 11 fitting fitting JJ 48378 285 12 lid lid NN 48378 285 13 . . . 48378 286 1 As as IN 48378 286 2 lead lead NN 48378 286 3 is be VBZ 48378 286 4 poisonous poisonous JJ 48378 286 5 , , , 48378 286 6 wash wash VB 48378 286 7 the the DT 48378 286 8 hands hand NNS 48378 286 9 after after IN 48378 286 10 using use VBG 48378 286 11 . . . 48378 287 1 One one CD 48378 287 2 or or CC 48378 287 3 two two CD 48378 287 4 teacupfuls teacupful NNS 48378 287 5 are be VBP 48378 287 6 used use VBN 48378 287 7 per per IN 48378 287 8 application application NN 48378 287 9 . . . 48378 288 1 Old old JJ 48378 288 2 dry dry JJ 48378 288 3 - - HYPH 48378 288 4 cell cell NN 48378 288 5 batteries battery NNS 48378 288 6 contain contain VBP 48378 288 7 suitable suitable JJ 48378 288 8 ingredients ingredient NNS 48378 288 9 and and CC 48378 288 10 when when WRB 48378 288 11 they -PRON- PRP 48378 288 12 are be VBP 48378 288 13 thrown throw VBN 48378 288 14 in in IN 48378 288 15 a a DT 48378 288 16 hot hot JJ 48378 288 17 furnace furnace NN 48378 288 18 the the DT 48378 288 19 soot soot NN 48378 288 20 usually usually RB 48378 288 21 burns burn VBZ 48378 288 22 . . . 48378 289 1 Quicker quick JJR 48378 289 2 action action NN 48378 289 3 can can MD 48378 289 4 be be VB 48378 289 5 had have VBN 48378 289 6 if if IN 48378 289 7 they -PRON- PRP 48378 289 8 are be VBP 48378 289 9 chopped chop VBN 48378 289 10 up up RP 48378 289 11 . . . 48378 290 1 Before before IN 48378 290 2 a a DT 48378 290 3 remover remover NN 48378 290 4 is be VBZ 48378 290 5 used use VBN 48378 290 6 , , , 48378 290 7 the the DT 48378 290 8 fire fire NN 48378 290 9 must must MD 48378 290 10 be be VB 48378 290 11 put put VBN 48378 290 12 in in IN 48378 290 13 good good JJ 48378 290 14 condition condition NN 48378 290 15 with with IN 48378 290 16 a a DT 48378 290 17 substantial substantial JJ 48378 290 18 body body NN 48378 290 19 of of IN 48378 290 20 hot hot JJ 48378 290 21 fuel fuel NN 48378 290 22 on on IN 48378 290 23 top top NN 48378 290 24 . . . 48378 291 1 Close close VB 48378 291 2 the the DT 48378 291 3 ash ash NN 48378 291 4 - - HYPH 48378 291 5 pit pit NN 48378 291 6 door door NN 48378 291 7 and and CC 48378 291 8 the the DT 48378 291 9 slots slot NNS 48378 291 10 in in IN 48378 291 11 the the DT 48378 291 12 firing firing NN 48378 291 13 door door NN 48378 291 14 and and CC 48378 291 15 scatter scatter VB 48378 291 16 the the DT 48378 291 17 remover remover NN 48378 291 18 on on IN 48378 291 19 the the DT 48378 291 20 hot hot JJ 48378 291 21 coals coal NNS 48378 291 22 . . . 48378 292 1 Close close VB 48378 292 2 the the DT 48378 292 3 firing firing NN 48378 292 4 doors door NNS 48378 292 5 and and CC 48378 292 6 at at IN 48378 292 7 once once RB 48378 292 8 reduce reduce VB 48378 292 9 the the DT 48378 292 10 draft draft NN 48378 292 11 by by IN 48378 292 12 partially partially RB 48378 292 13 closing close VBG 48378 292 14 the the DT 48378 292 15 pipe pipe NN 48378 292 16 dampers damper NNS 48378 292 17 . . . 48378 293 1 The the DT 48378 293 2 draft draft NN 48378 293 3 should should MD 48378 293 4 not not RB 48378 293 5 be be VB 48378 293 6 closed close VBN 48378 293 7 so so RB 48378 293 8 tight tight JJ 48378 293 9 as as IN 48378 293 10 to to TO 48378 293 11 cause cause VB 48378 293 12 fumes fume NNS 48378 293 13 to to TO 48378 293 14 escape escape VB 48378 293 15 into into IN 48378 293 16 the the DT 48378 293 17 cellar cellar NN 48378 293 18 . . . 48378 294 1 Let let VB 48378 294 2 the the DT 48378 294 3 remover remover NN 48378 294 4 " " `` 48378 294 5 stew stew NN 48378 294 6 " " '' 48378 294 7 for for IN 48378 294 8 10 10 CD 48378 294 9 to to TO 48378 294 10 20 20 CD 48378 294 11 minutes minute NNS 48378 294 12 or or CC 48378 294 13 until until IN 48378 294 14 fumes fume NNS 48378 294 15 stop stop VBP 48378 294 16 rising rise VBG 48378 294 17 from from IN 48378 294 18 the the DT 48378 294 19 coals coal NNS 48378 294 20 ; ; : 48378 294 21 then then RB 48378 294 22 make make VB 48378 294 23 the the DT 48378 294 24 fire fire NN 48378 294 25 burn burn VB 48378 294 26 fiercely fiercely RB 48378 294 27 by by IN 48378 294 28 opening open VBG 48378 294 29 the the DT 48378 294 30 ash ash NN 48378 294 31 - - HYPH 48378 294 32 pit pit NN 48378 294 33 door door NN 48378 294 34 and and CC 48378 294 35 the the DT 48378 294 36 damper damper NN 48378 294 37 . . . 48378 295 1 Shaking shake VBG 48378 295 2 ashes ashe NNS 48378 295 3 out out RB 48378 295 4 will will MD 48378 295 5 help help VB 48378 295 6 . . . 48378 296 1 The the DT 48378 296 2 slots slot NNS 48378 296 3 in in IN 48378 296 4 the the DT 48378 296 5 firing firing NN 48378 296 6 door door NN 48378 296 7 can can MD 48378 296 8 be be VB 48378 296 9 opened open VBN 48378 296 10 or or CC 48378 296 11 the the DT 48378 296 12 door door NN 48378 296 13 itself -PRON- PRP 48378 296 14 set set VBD 48378 296 15 ajar ajar NNP 48378 296 16 . . . 48378 297 1 If if IN 48378 297 2 soot soot NN 48378 297 3 in in IN 48378 297 4 the the DT 48378 297 5 furnace furnace NN 48378 297 6 will will MD 48378 297 7 not not RB 48378 297 8 ignite ignite VB 48378 297 9 , , , 48378 297 10 throw throw VB 48378 297 11 a a DT 48378 297 12 little little JJ 48378 297 13 wood wood NN 48378 297 14 or or CC 48378 297 15 paper paper NN 48378 297 16 on on IN 48378 297 17 the the DT 48378 297 18 fire fire NN 48378 297 19 . . . 48378 298 1 Instead instead RB 48378 298 2 of of IN 48378 298 3 making make VBG 48378 298 4 a a DT 48378 298 5 special special JJ 48378 298 6 job job NN 48378 298 7 of of IN 48378 298 8 cleaning clean VBG 48378 298 9 at at IN 48378 298 10 intervals interval NNS 48378 298 11 , , , 48378 298 12 one one CD 48378 298 13 or or CC 48378 298 14 two two CD 48378 298 15 cups cup NNS 48378 298 16 of of IN 48378 298 17 salt salt NN 48378 298 18 may may MD 48378 298 19 be be VB 48378 298 20 thrown throw VBN 48378 298 21 on on IN 48378 298 22 the the DT 48378 298 23 fire fire NN 48378 298 24 once once RB 48378 298 25 a a DT 48378 298 26 day day NN 48378 298 27 with with IN 48378 298 28 the the DT 48378 298 29 expectation expectation NN 48378 298 30 that that IN 48378 298 31 the the DT 48378 298 32 furnace furnace NN 48378 298 33 will will MD 48378 298 34 produce produce VB 48378 298 35 a a DT 48378 298 36 high high JJ 48378 298 37 enough enough JJ 48378 298 38 temperature temperature NN 48378 298 39 to to TO 48378 298 40 ignite ignite VB 48378 298 41 some some DT 48378 298 42 of of IN 48378 298 43 the the DT 48378 298 44 soot soot NN 48378 298 45 . . . 48378 299 1 This this DT 48378 299 2 is be VBZ 48378 299 3 most most RBS 48378 299 4 likely likely JJ 48378 299 5 to to TO 48378 299 6 succeed succeed VB 48378 299 7 in in IN 48378 299 8 cold cold JJ 48378 299 9 weather weather NN 48378 299 10 when when WRB 48378 299 11 the the DT 48378 299 12 furnace furnace NN 48378 299 13 temperatures temperature NNS 48378 299 14 are be VBP 48378 299 15 high high JJ 48378 299 16 . . . 48378 300 1 Cause cause NN 48378 300 2 of of IN 48378 300 3 Creosote Creosote NNP 48378 300 4 Creosote Creosote NNP 48378 300 5 is be VBZ 48378 300 6 the the DT 48378 300 7 result result NN 48378 300 8 of of IN 48378 300 9 condensation condensation NN 48378 300 10 in in IN 48378 300 11 the the DT 48378 300 12 chimney chimney NN 48378 300 13 , , , 48378 300 14 and and CC 48378 300 15 trouble trouble NN 48378 300 16 from from IN 48378 300 17 this this DT 48378 300 18 source source NN 48378 300 19 is be VBZ 48378 300 20 best well RBS 48378 300 21 avoided avoid VBN 48378 300 22 by by IN 48378 300 23 preventing prevent VBG 48378 300 24 creosote creosote NN 48378 300 25 formation formation NN 48378 300 26 . . . 48378 301 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 301 2 is be VBZ 48378 301 3 more more RBR 48378 301 4 likely likely JJ 48378 301 5 to to TO 48378 301 6 form form VB 48378 301 7 when when WRB 48378 301 8 wood wood NN 48378 301 9 is be VBZ 48378 301 10 used use VBN 48378 301 11 for for IN 48378 301 12 fuel fuel NN 48378 301 13 than than IN 48378 301 14 when when WRB 48378 301 15 coal coal NN 48378 301 16 is be VBZ 48378 301 17 burned burn VBN 48378 301 18 and and CC 48378 301 19 is be VBZ 48378 301 20 more more RBR 48378 301 21 likely likely JJ 48378 301 22 to to TO 48378 301 23 form form VB 48378 301 24 in in IN 48378 301 25 cold cold JJ 48378 301 26 than than IN 48378 301 27 in in IN 48378 301 28 mild mild JJ 48378 301 29 climates climate NNS 48378 301 30 . . . 48378 302 1 Green green JJ 48378 302 2 wood wood NN 48378 302 3 may may MD 48378 302 4 contain contain VB 48378 302 5 as as RB 48378 302 6 high high JJ 48378 302 7 as as IN 48378 302 8 40 40 CD 48378 302 9 percent percent NN 48378 302 10 water water NN 48378 302 11 , , , 48378 302 12 and and CC 48378 302 13 dry dry JJ 48378 302 14 wood wood NN 48378 302 15 15 15 CD 48378 302 16 to to TO 48378 302 17 20 20 CD 48378 302 18 percent percent NN 48378 302 19 . . . 48378 303 1 When when WRB 48378 303 2 wood wood NN 48378 303 3 is be VBZ 48378 303 4 slowly slowly RB 48378 303 5 burned burn VBN 48378 303 6 , , , 48378 303 7 it -PRON- PRP 48378 303 8 gives give VBZ 48378 303 9 off off RP 48378 303 10 acetic acetic JJ 48378 303 11 and and CC 48378 303 12 pyroligneous pyroligneous JJ 48378 303 13 acid acid NN 48378 303 14 , , , 48378 303 15 which which WDT 48378 303 16 in in IN 48378 303 17 combination combination NN 48378 303 18 with with IN 48378 303 19 water water NN 48378 303 20 or or CC 48378 303 21 moisture moisture NN 48378 303 22 form form NN 48378 303 23 creosote creosote NN 48378 303 24 . . . 48378 304 1 When when WRB 48378 304 2 the the DT 48378 304 3 draft draft NN 48378 304 4 is be VBZ 48378 304 5 strong strong JJ 48378 304 6 and and CC 48378 304 7 an an DT 48378 304 8 active active JJ 48378 304 9 fire fire NN 48378 304 10 is be VBZ 48378 304 11 maintained maintain VBN 48378 304 12 , , , 48378 304 13 much much JJ 48378 304 14 of of IN 48378 304 15 the the DT 48378 304 16 creosote creosote NN 48378 304 17 is be VBZ 48378 304 18 carried carry VBN 48378 304 19 off off RP 48378 304 20 into into IN 48378 304 21 the the DT 48378 304 22 atmosphere atmosphere NN 48378 304 23 . . . 48378 305 1 The the DT 48378 305 2 trouble trouble NN 48378 305 3 is be VBZ 48378 305 4 aggravated aggravate VBN 48378 305 5 when when WRB 48378 305 6 the the DT 48378 305 7 fire fire NN 48378 305 8 does do VBZ 48378 305 9 not not RB 48378 305 10 burn burn VB 48378 305 11 briskly briskly RB 48378 305 12 and and CC 48378 305 13 when when WRB 48378 305 14 an an DT 48378 305 15 outside outside JJ 48378 305 16 flue flue NN 48378 305 17 is be VBZ 48378 305 18 subjected subject VBN 48378 305 19 to to IN 48378 305 20 chilling chilling JJ 48378 305 21 blasts blast NNS 48378 305 22 . . . 48378 306 1 The the DT 48378 306 2 walls wall NNS 48378 306 3 of of IN 48378 306 4 the the DT 48378 306 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 306 6 , , , 48378 306 7 being be VBG 48378 306 8 comparatively comparatively RB 48378 306 9 cool cool JJ 48378 306 10 , , , 48378 306 11 cause cause VB 48378 306 12 condensation condensation NN 48378 306 13 of of IN 48378 306 14 the the DT 48378 306 15 vapors vapor NNS 48378 306 16 contained contain VBN 48378 306 17 in in IN 48378 306 18 the the DT 48378 306 19 smoke smoke NN 48378 306 20 . . . 48378 307 1 Thus thus RB 48378 307 2 the the DT 48378 307 3 creosote creosote NN 48378 307 4 condenses condense NNS 48378 307 5 and and CC 48378 307 6 runs run VBZ 48378 307 7 down down IN 48378 307 8 the the DT 48378 307 9 flue flue NN 48378 307 10 , , , 48378 307 11 finding find VBG 48378 307 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 307 13 way way NN 48378 307 14 out out IN 48378 307 15 of of IN 48378 307 16 any any DT 48378 307 17 joints joint NNS 48378 307 18 that that WDT 48378 307 19 are be VBP 48378 307 20 not not RB 48378 307 21 perfectly perfectly RB 48378 307 22 tight tight JJ 48378 307 23 . . . 48378 308 1 The the DT 48378 308 2 formation formation NN 48378 308 3 of of IN 48378 308 4 creosote creosote NN 48378 308 5 is be VBZ 48378 308 6 unusual unusual JJ 48378 308 7 in in IN 48378 308 8 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 308 9 that that WDT 48378 308 10 are be VBP 48378 308 11 surrounded surround VBN 48378 308 12 by by IN 48378 308 13 warm warm JJ 48378 308 14 rooms room NNS 48378 308 15 . . . 48378 309 1 The the DT 48378 309 2 outer outer JJ 48378 309 3 walls wall NNS 48378 309 4 of of IN 48378 309 5 a a DT 48378 309 6 chimney chimney NN 48378 309 7 in in IN 48378 309 8 an an DT 48378 309 9 outside outside JJ 48378 309 10 wall wall NN 48378 309 11 should should MD 48378 309 12 be be VB 48378 309 13 at at RB 48378 309 14 least least RBS 48378 309 15 two two CD 48378 309 16 bricks brick NNS 48378 309 17 thick thick JJ 48378 309 18 and and CC 48378 309 19 the the DT 48378 309 20 chimney chimney NN 48378 309 21 should should MD 48378 309 22 have have VB 48378 309 23 a a DT 48378 309 24 good good JJ 48378 309 25 flue flue JJ 48378 309 26 lining lining NN 48378 309 27 . . . 48378 310 1 Creosote creosote NN 48378 310 2 is be VBZ 48378 310 3 difficult difficult JJ 48378 310 4 to to TO 48378 310 5 remove remove VB 48378 310 6 and and CC 48378 310 7 when when WRB 48378 310 8 it -PRON- PRP 48378 310 9 ignites ignite VBZ 48378 310 10 makes make VBZ 48378 310 11 a a DT 48378 310 12 very very RB 48378 310 13 hot hot JJ 48378 310 14 fire fire NN 48378 310 15 that that WDT 48378 310 16 is be VBZ 48378 310 17 likely likely JJ 48378 310 18 to to TO 48378 310 19 crack crack VB 48378 310 20 the the DT 48378 310 21 masonry masonry NN 48378 310 22 and and CC 48378 310 23 char char NNP 48378 310 24 adjacent adjacent JJ 48378 310 25 timbers timber NNS 48378 310 26 . . . 48378 311 1 The the DT 48378 311 2 only only JJ 48378 311 3 safe safe JJ 48378 311 4 method method NN 48378 311 5 of of IN 48378 311 6 removal removal NN 48378 311 7 is be VBZ 48378 311 8 to to TO 48378 311 9 chip chip VB 48378 311 10 it -PRON- PRP 48378 311 11 from from IN 48378 311 12 the the DT 48378 311 13 masonry masonry NN 48378 311 14 with with IN 48378 311 15 a a DT 48378 311 16 blade blade NN 48378 311 17 or or CC 48378 311 18 straightened straighten VBN 48378 311 19 - - HYPH 48378 311 20 out out RP 48378 311 21 hoe hoe NN 48378 311 22 attached attach VBN 48378 311 23 to to IN 48378 311 24 a a DT 48378 311 25 pipe pipe NN 48378 311 26 or or CC 48378 311 27 handle handle VB 48378 311 28 . . . 48378 312 1 A a DT 48378 312 2 heavy heavy JJ 48378 312 3 chain chain NN 48378 312 4 drawn draw VBN 48378 312 5 up up RB 48378 312 6 and and CC 48378 312 7 down down IN 48378 312 8 the the DT 48378 312 9 flue flue JJ 48378 312 10 walls wall NNS 48378 312 11 is be VBZ 48378 312 12 sometimes sometimes RB 48378 312 13 effective effective JJ 48378 312 14 . . . 48378 313 1 However however RB 48378 313 2 , , , 48378 313 3 when when WRB 48378 313 4 creosote creosote NN 48378 313 5 is be VBZ 48378 313 6 removed remove VBN 48378 313 7 , , , 48378 313 8 care care NN 48378 313 9 is be VBZ 48378 313 10 necessary necessary JJ 48378 313 11 not not RB 48378 313 12 to to TO 48378 313 13 knock knock VB 48378 313 14 out out RP 48378 313 15 mortar mortar NN 48378 313 16 joints joint NNS 48378 313 17 or or CC 48378 313 18 to to TO 48378 313 19 break break VB 48378 313 20 the the DT 48378 313 21 flue flue JJ 48378 313 22 lining lining NN 48378 313 23 . . . 48378 314 1 Large large JJ 48378 314 2 quantities quantity NNS 48378 314 3 of of IN 48378 314 4 salt salt NN 48378 314 5 thrown throw VBN 48378 314 6 on on IN 48378 314 7 the the DT 48378 314 8 fire fire NN 48378 314 9 in in IN 48378 314 10 the the DT 48378 314 11 grate grate NN 48378 314 12 or or CC 48378 314 13 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 314 14 will will MD 48378 314 15 extinguish extinguish VB 48378 314 16 a a DT 48378 314 17 chimney chimney NN 48378 314 18 fire fire NN 48378 314 19 . . . 48378 315 1 A a DT 48378 315 2 fire fire NN 48378 315 3 in in IN 48378 315 4 a a DT 48378 315 5 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 315 6 flue flue NN 48378 315 7 can can MD 48378 315 8 be be VB 48378 315 9 checked check VBN 48378 315 10 in in IN 48378 315 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 315 12 intensity intensity NN 48378 315 13 and and CC 48378 315 14 frequently frequently RB 48378 315 15 extinguished extinguish VBN 48378 315 16 by by IN 48378 315 17 first first RB 48378 315 18 quenching quench VBG 48378 315 19 the the DT 48378 315 20 fire fire NN 48378 315 21 on on IN 48378 315 22 the the DT 48378 315 23 hearth hearth NN 48378 315 24 and and CC 48378 315 25 then then RB 48378 315 26 holding hold VBG 48378 315 27 a a DT 48378 315 28 wet wet JJ 48378 315 29 rug rug NN 48378 315 30 or or CC 48378 315 31 blanket blanket VB 48378 315 32 over over IN 48378 315 33 the the DT 48378 315 34 opening opening NN 48378 315 35 so so IN 48378 315 36 as as IN 48378 315 37 to to TO 48378 315 38 shut shut VB 48378 315 39 off off RP 48378 315 40 the the DT 48378 315 41 air air NN 48378 315 42 . . . 48378 316 1 When when WRB 48378 316 2 this this DT 48378 316 3 is be VBZ 48378 316 4 done do VBN 48378 316 5 , , , 48378 316 6 the the DT 48378 316 7 soot soot NN 48378 316 8 and and CC 48378 316 9 creosote creosote NN 48378 316 10 are be VBP 48378 316 11 likely likely JJ 48378 316 12 to to TO 48378 316 13 slide slide VB 48378 316 14 from from IN 48378 316 15 the the DT 48378 316 16 flue flue JJ 48378 316 17 walls wall NNS 48378 316 18 and and CC 48378 316 19 drop drop VB 48378 316 20 into into IN 48378 316 21 the the DT 48378 316 22 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 316 23 . . . 48378 317 1 Before before IN 48378 317 2 extinguishing extinguish VBG 48378 317 3 a a DT 48378 317 4 fire fire NN 48378 317 5 in in IN 48378 317 6 a a DT 48378 317 7 flue flue NN 48378 317 8 , , , 48378 317 9 cover cover VB 48378 317 10 openings opening NNS 48378 317 11 into into IN 48378 317 12 the the DT 48378 317 13 rooms room NNS 48378 317 14 , , , 48378 317 15 so so IN 48378 317 16 that that IN 48378 317 17 the the DT 48378 317 18 soot soot NN 48378 317 19 will will MD 48378 317 20 not not RB 48378 317 21 spread spread VB 48378 317 22 over over IN 48378 317 23 furnishings furnishing NNS 48378 317 24 . . . 48378 318 1 Repairing repair VBG 48378 318 2 Chimneys Chimneys NNPS 48378 318 3 When when WRB 48378 318 4 a a DT 48378 318 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 318 6 is be VBZ 48378 318 7 damp damp JJ 48378 318 8 , , , 48378 318 9 examine examine VB 48378 318 10 the the DT 48378 318 11 flashing flashing NN 48378 318 12 at at IN 48378 318 13 the the DT 48378 318 14 junction junction NN 48378 318 15 with with IN 48378 318 16 the the DT 48378 318 17 roof roof NN 48378 318 18 , , , 48378 318 19 especially especially RB 48378 318 20 if if IN 48378 318 21 wet wet JJ 48378 318 22 spots spot NNS 48378 318 23 appear appear VBP 48378 318 24 on on IN 48378 318 25 the the DT 48378 318 26 ceilings ceiling NNS 48378 318 27 of of IN 48378 318 28 rooms room NNS 48378 318 29 . . . 48378 319 1 Methods method NNS 48378 319 2 of of IN 48378 319 3 repairing repair VBG 48378 319 4 flashing flashing NN 48378 319 5 are be VBP 48378 319 6 given give VBN 48378 319 7 in in IN 48378 319 8 Farmers Farmers NNP 48378 319 9 ' ' POS 48378 319 10 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 48378 319 11 1751 1751 CD 48378 319 12 , , , 48378 319 13 Roof Roof NNP 48378 319 14 Coverings Coverings NNP 48378 319 15 for for IN 48378 319 16 Farm Farm NNP 48378 319 17 Buildings Buildings NNPS 48378 319 18 and and CC 48378 319 19 Their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 319 20 Repair repair NN 48378 319 21 . . . 48378 320 1 If if IN 48378 320 2 the the DT 48378 320 3 flashing flashing NN 48378 320 4 is be VBZ 48378 320 5 sound sound JJ 48378 320 6 , , , 48378 320 7 possibly possibly RB 48378 320 8 water water NN 48378 320 9 runs run VBZ 48378 320 10 down down IN 48378 320 11 the the DT 48378 320 12 inside inside NN 48378 320 13 of of IN 48378 320 14 the the DT 48378 320 15 flue flue JJ 48378 320 16 and and CC 48378 320 17 through through IN 48378 320 18 defective defective JJ 48378 320 19 mortar mortar NN 48378 320 20 joints joint NNS 48378 320 21 . . . 48378 321 1 Where where WRB 48378 321 2 these these DT 48378 321 3 can can MD 48378 321 4 not not RB 48378 321 5 be be VB 48378 321 6 reached reach VBN 48378 321 7 readily readily RB 48378 321 8 , , , 48378 321 9 the the DT 48378 321 10 chimney chimney NN 48378 321 11 may may MD 48378 321 12 have have VB 48378 321 13 to to TO 48378 321 14 be be VB 48378 321 15 torn tear VBN 48378 321 16 down down RP 48378 321 17 and and CC 48378 321 18 rebuilt rebuild VBN 48378 321 19 . . . 48378 322 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 48378 322 2 a a DT 48378 322 3 hood hood NN 48378 322 4 ( ( -LRB- 48378 322 5 fig fig NN 48378 322 6 . . . 48378 323 1 18 18 CD 48378 323 2 , , , 48378 323 3 _ _ NNP 48378 323 4 A A NNP 48378 323 5 _ _ NNP 48378 323 6 and and CC 48378 323 7 _ _ NNP 48378 323 8 B B NNP 48378 323 9 _ _ NNP 48378 323 10 ) ) -RRB- 48378 323 11 is be VBZ 48378 323 12 built build VBN 48378 323 13 on on IN 48378 323 14 top top NN 48378 323 15 of of IN 48378 323 16 the the DT 48378 323 17 chimney chimney NN 48378 323 18 to to TO 48378 323 19 keep keep VB 48378 323 20 out out RP 48378 323 21 water water NN 48378 323 22 or or CC 48378 323 23 to to TO 48378 323 24 prevent prevent VB 48378 323 25 wind wind NN 48378 323 26 blowing blow VBG 48378 323 27 down down IN 48378 323 28 it -PRON- PRP 48378 323 29 . . . 48378 324 1 To to TO 48378 324 2 prevent prevent VB 48378 324 3 dampness dampness NN 48378 324 4 being be VBG 48378 324 5 drawn draw VBN 48378 324 6 up up RP 48378 324 7 from from IN 48378 324 8 the the DT 48378 324 9 ground ground NN 48378 324 10 , , , 48378 324 11 the the DT 48378 324 12 mortar mortar NN 48378 324 13 can can MD 48378 324 14 be be VB 48378 324 15 raked rake VBN 48378 324 16 from from IN 48378 324 17 a a DT 48378 324 18 joint joint NN 48378 324 19 at at RB 48378 324 20 least least RBS 48378 324 21 12 12 CD 48378 324 22 inches inch NNS 48378 324 23 above above IN 48378 324 24 the the DT 48378 324 25 ground ground NN 48378 324 26 and and CC 48378 324 27 a a DT 48378 324 28 layer layer NN 48378 324 29 of of IN 48378 324 30 slate slate NN 48378 324 31 , , , 48378 324 32 asbestos asbestos NN 48378 324 33 shingles shingle NNS 48378 324 34 , , , 48378 324 35 or or CC 48378 324 36 rust rust NN 48378 324 37 - - HYPH 48378 324 38 resistant resistant JJ 48378 324 39 sheet sheet NN 48378 324 40 metal metal NN 48378 324 41 and and CC 48378 324 42 new new JJ 48378 324 43 mortar mortar NN 48378 324 44 worked work VBD 48378 324 45 into into IN 48378 324 46 the the DT 48378 324 47 joint joint NN 48378 324 48 . . . 48378 325 1 This this DT 48378 325 2 work work NN 48378 325 3 should should MD 48378 325 4 be be VB 48378 325 5 done do VBN 48378 325 6 by by IN 48378 325 7 a a DT 48378 325 8 mason mason NN 48378 325 9 . . . 48378 326 1 If if IN 48378 326 2 bricks brick NNS 48378 326 3 are be VBP 48378 326 4 porous porous JJ 48378 326 5 or or CC 48378 326 6 eroded eroded JJ 48378 326 7 , , , 48378 326 8 raking rake VBG 48378 326 9 out out RP 48378 326 10 the the DT 48378 326 11 mortar mortar NN 48378 326 12 one one CD 48378 326 13 - - HYPH 48378 326 14 half half NN 48378 326 15 of of IN 48378 326 16 an an DT 48378 326 17 inch inch NN 48378 326 18 deep deep JJ 48378 326 19 and and CC 48378 326 20 applying apply VBG 48378 326 21 three three CD 48378 326 22 - - HYPH 48378 326 23 fourths fourth NNS 48378 326 24 of of IN 48378 326 25 an an DT 48378 326 26 inch inch NN 48378 326 27 of of IN 48378 326 28 cement cement NN 48378 326 29 plaster plaster NN 48378 326 30 to to IN 48378 326 31 the the DT 48378 326 32 surfaces surface NNS 48378 326 33 is be VBZ 48378 326 34 effective effective JJ 48378 326 35 . . . 48378 327 1 Eroded erode VBN 48378 327 2 joints joint NNS 48378 327 3 in in IN 48378 327 4 the the DT 48378 327 5 rest rest NN 48378 327 6 of of IN 48378 327 7 the the DT 48378 327 8 masonry masonry NN 48378 327 9 should should MD 48378 327 10 be be VB 48378 327 11 raked rake VBN 48378 327 12 and and CC 48378 327 13 repointed repoint VBN 48378 327 14 . . . 48378 328 1 Where where WRB 48378 328 2 natural natural JJ 48378 328 3 gas gas NN 48378 328 4 is be VBZ 48378 328 5 burned burn VBN 48378 328 6 , , , 48378 328 7 dampness dampness NN 48378 328 8 due due IN 48378 328 9 to to IN 48378 328 10 condensation condensation NN 48378 328 11 is be VBZ 48378 328 12 not not RB 48378 328 13 unusual unusual JJ 48378 328 14 and and CC 48378 328 15 a a DT 48378 328 16 drain drain NN 48378 328 17 may may MD 48378 328 18 be be VB 48378 328 19 needed need VBN 48378 328 20 . . . 48378 329 1 Where where WRB 48378 329 2 such such JJ 48378 329 3 conditions condition NNS 48378 329 4 exist exist VBP 48378 329 5 , , , 48378 329 6 advice advice NN 48378 329 7 should should MD 48378 329 8 be be VB 48378 329 9 sought seek VBN 48378 329 10 from from IN 48378 329 11 the the DT 48378 329 12 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 48378 329 13 of of IN 48378 329 14 the the DT 48378 329 15 equipment equipment NN 48378 329 16 as as IN 48378 329 17 to to IN 48378 329 18 the the DT 48378 329 19 proper proper JJ 48378 329 20 remedy remedy NN 48378 329 21 . . . 48378 330 1 A a DT 48378 330 2 chimney chimney NN 48378 330 3 that that WDT 48378 330 4 becomes become VBZ 48378 330 5 too too RB 48378 330 6 hot hot JJ 48378 330 7 to to TO 48378 330 8 permit permit VB 48378 330 9 holding hold VBG 48378 330 10 the the DT 48378 330 11 hand hand NN 48378 330 12 against against IN 48378 330 13 it -PRON- PRP 48378 330 14 should should MD 48378 330 15 be be VB 48378 330 16 carefully carefully RB 48378 330 17 inspected inspect VBN 48378 330 18 by by IN 48378 330 19 a a DT 48378 330 20 reliable reliable JJ 48378 330 21 mason mason NN 48378 330 22 and and CC 48378 330 23 adequately adequately RB 48378 330 24 protected protect VBN 48378 330 25 as as IN 48378 330 26 suggested suggest VBN 48378 330 27 in in IN 48378 330 28 the the DT 48378 330 29 preceding precede VBG 48378 330 30 pages page NNS 48378 330 31 . . . 48378 331 1 If if IN 48378 331 2 , , , 48378 331 3 after after IN 48378 331 4 a a DT 48378 331 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 331 6 is be VBZ 48378 331 7 cleaned clean VBN 48378 331 8 , , , 48378 331 9 an an DT 48378 331 10 examination examination NN 48378 331 11 discloses disclose VBZ 48378 331 12 holes hole NNS 48378 331 13 , , , 48378 331 14 unfilled unfilled JJ 48378 331 15 joints joint NNS 48378 331 16 , , , 48378 331 17 or or CC 48378 331 18 other other JJ 48378 331 19 unsound unsound JJ 48378 331 20 conditions condition NNS 48378 331 21 out out IN 48378 331 22 of of IN 48378 331 23 reach reach NN 48378 331 24 for for IN 48378 331 25 repair repair NN 48378 331 26 , , , 48378 331 27 it -PRON- PRP 48378 331 28 is be VBZ 48378 331 29 advisable advisable JJ 48378 331 30 to to TO 48378 331 31 tear tear VB 48378 331 32 the the DT 48378 331 33 masonry masonry NN 48378 331 34 down down RP 48378 331 35 and and CC 48378 331 36 rebuild rebuild VB 48378 331 37 properly properly RB 48378 331 38 . . . 48378 332 1 Inside inside IN 48378 332 2 bricks brick NNS 48378 332 3 that that WDT 48378 332 4 are be VBP 48378 332 5 impregnated impregnate VBN 48378 332 6 with with IN 48378 332 7 creosote creosote NN 48378 332 8 and and CC 48378 332 9 soot soot NN 48378 332 10 should should MD 48378 332 11 not not RB 48378 332 12 be be VB 48378 332 13 used use VBN 48378 332 14 in in IN 48378 332 15 the the DT 48378 332 16 new new JJ 48378 332 17 work work NN 48378 332 18 because because IN 48378 332 19 they -PRON- PRP 48378 332 20 will will MD 48378 332 21 stain stain VB 48378 332 22 plaster plaster NN 48378 332 23 whenever whenever WRB 48378 332 24 dampness dampness NN 48378 332 25 occurs occur VBZ 48378 332 26 . . . 48378 333 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 333 2 is be VBZ 48378 333 3 almost almost RB 48378 333 4 impossible impossible JJ 48378 333 5 to to TO 48378 333 6 remove remove VB 48378 333 7 creosote creosote NN 48378 333 8 and and CC 48378 333 9 soot soot NN 48378 333 10 stains stain NNS 48378 333 11 on on IN 48378 333 12 plaster plaster NN 48378 333 13 and and CC 48378 333 14 wallpaper wallpaper NN 48378 333 15 . . . 48378 334 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 48378 334 2 painting paint VBG 48378 334 3 the the DT 48378 334 4 plaster plaster NN 48378 334 5 with with IN 48378 334 6 aluminum aluminum NN 48378 334 7 - - HYPH 48378 334 8 flake flake NN 48378 334 9 paint paint NN 48378 334 10 or or CC 48378 334 11 waterproof waterproof JJ 48378 334 12 varnish varnish NNP 48378 334 13 hides hide VBZ 48378 334 14 the the DT 48378 334 15 stains stain NNS 48378 334 16 . . . 48378 335 1 A a DT 48378 335 2 hatchway hatchway NN 48378 335 3 cut cut VBD 48378 335 4 through through IN 48378 335 5 a a DT 48378 335 6 roof roof NN 48378 335 7 is be VBZ 48378 335 8 convenient convenient JJ 48378 335 9 when when WRB 48378 335 10 high high JJ 48378 335 11 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 335 12 are be VBP 48378 335 13 repaired repair VBN 48378 335 14 or or CC 48378 335 15 cleaned clean VBN 48378 335 16 , , , 48378 335 17 especially especially RB 48378 335 18 when when WRB 48378 335 19 access access NN 48378 335 20 to to IN 48378 335 21 the the DT 48378 335 22 roof roof NN 48378 335 23 is be VBZ 48378 335 24 difficult difficult JJ 48378 335 25 . . . 48378 336 1 The the DT 48378 336 2 hatchway hatchway NN 48378 336 3 should should MD 48378 336 4 be be VB 48378 336 5 located locate VBN 48378 336 6 so so IN 48378 336 7 that that IN 48378 336 8 it -PRON- PRP 48378 336 9 will will MD 48378 336 10 not not RB 48378 336 11 be be VB 48378 336 12 necessary necessary JJ 48378 336 13 to to TO 48378 336 14 crawl crawl VB 48378 336 15 over over IN 48378 336 16 the the DT 48378 336 17 roof roof NN 48378 336 18 to to TO 48378 336 19 reach reach VB 48378 336 20 the the DT 48378 336 21 chimney chimney NN 48378 336 22 and and CC 48378 336 23 so so IN 48378 336 24 that that IN 48378 336 25 a a DT 48378 336 26 ladder ladder NN 48378 336 27 placed place VBN 48378 336 28 on on IN 48378 336 29 the the DT 48378 336 30 attic attic JJ 48378 336 31 floor floor NN 48378 336 32 will will MD 48378 336 33 not not RB 48378 336 34 be be VB 48378 336 35 too too RB 48378 336 36 steep steep JJ 48378 336 37 for for IN 48378 336 38 safe safe JJ 48378 336 39 ascent ascent NN 48378 336 40 . . . 48378 337 1 A a DT 48378 337 2 watertight watertight JJ 48378 337 3 cover cover NN 48378 337 4 with with IN 48378 337 5 hooks hook NNS 48378 337 6 to to TO 48378 337 7 prevent prevent VB 48378 337 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 337 9 blowing blowing NN 48378 337 10 off off RP 48378 337 11 is be VBZ 48378 337 12 essential essential JJ 48378 337 13 . . . 48378 338 1 Such such PDT 48378 338 2 a a DT 48378 338 3 hatchway hatchway NN 48378 338 4 is be VBZ 48378 338 5 best well RBS 48378 338 6 provided provide VBN 48378 338 7 when when WRB 48378 338 8 the the DT 48378 338 9 building building NN 48378 338 10 is be VBZ 48378 338 11 erected erect VBN 48378 338 12 but but CC 48378 338 13 can can MD 48378 338 14 be be VB 48378 338 15 readily readily RB 48378 338 16 built build VBN 48378 338 17 at at IN 48378 338 18 any any DT 48378 338 19 time time NN 48378 338 20 . . . 48378 339 1 FIREPLACES FIREPLACES NNP 48378 339 2 A a DT 48378 339 3 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 339 4 is be VBZ 48378 339 5 ordinarily ordinarily RB 48378 339 6 considered consider VBN 48378 339 7 appropriate appropriate JJ 48378 339 8 to to IN 48378 339 9 a a DT 48378 339 10 living living NN 48378 339 11 room room NN 48378 339 12 , , , 48378 339 13 dining dining NN 48378 339 14 room room NN 48378 339 15 , , , 48378 339 16 and and CC 48378 339 17 bedroom bedroom NN 48378 339 18 ; ; : 48378 339 19 however however RB 48378 339 20 , , , 48378 339 21 basement basement NN 48378 339 22 , , , 48378 339 23 porch porch NN 48378 339 24 , , , 48378 339 25 and and CC 48378 339 26 outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 339 27 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 339 28 are be VBP 48378 339 29 gaining gain VBG 48378 339 30 in in IN 48378 339 31 favor favor NN 48378 339 32 with with IN 48378 339 33 the the DT 48378 339 34 householder householder NN 48378 339 35 . . . 48378 340 1 Also also RB 48378 340 2 public public JJ 48378 340 3 dining dining NN 48378 340 4 places place NNS 48378 340 5 , , , 48378 340 6 offices office NNS 48378 340 7 , , , 48378 340 8 etc etc FW 48378 340 9 . . FW 48378 340 10 , , , 48378 340 11 frequently frequently RB 48378 340 12 have have VBP 48378 340 13 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 340 14 for for IN 48378 340 15 the the DT 48378 340 16 comfort comfort NN 48378 340 17 and and CC 48378 340 18 for for IN 48378 340 19 the the DT 48378 340 20 air air NN 48378 340 21 of of IN 48378 340 22 informality informality NN 48378 340 23 they -PRON- PRP 48378 340 24 provide provide VBP 48378 340 25 . . . 48378 341 1 All all DT 48378 341 2 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 341 3 should should MD 48378 341 4 be be VB 48378 341 5 built build VBN 48378 341 6 in in IN 48378 341 7 accordance accordance NN 48378 341 8 with with IN 48378 341 9 the the DT 48378 341 10 few few JJ 48378 341 11 simple simple JJ 48378 341 12 essentials essential NNS 48378 341 13 of of IN 48378 341 14 correct correct JJ 48378 341 15 design design NN 48378 341 16 given give VBN 48378 341 17 herein herein NNP 48378 341 18 if if IN 48378 341 19 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 48378 341 20 performance performance NN 48378 341 21 is be VBZ 48378 341 22 to to TO 48378 341 23 be be VB 48378 341 24 realized realize VBN 48378 341 25 . . . 48378 342 1 They -PRON- PRP 48378 342 2 should should MD 48378 342 3 be be VB 48378 342 4 of of IN 48378 342 5 a a DT 48378 342 6 size size NN 48378 342 7 best best RB 48378 342 8 suited suit VBN 48378 342 9 to to IN 48378 342 10 the the DT 48378 342 11 room room NN 48378 342 12 in in IN 48378 342 13 which which WDT 48378 342 14 they -PRON- PRP 48378 342 15 are be VBP 48378 342 16 used use VBN 48378 342 17 from from IN 48378 342 18 the the DT 48378 342 19 standpoint standpoint NN 48378 342 20 of of IN 48378 342 21 appearance appearance NN 48378 342 22 and and CC 48378 342 23 operation operation NN 48378 342 24 . . . 48378 343 1 If if IN 48378 343 2 too too RB 48378 343 3 small small JJ 48378 343 4 , , , 48378 343 5 they -PRON- PRP 48378 343 6 may may MD 48378 343 7 function function VB 48378 343 8 properly properly RB 48378 343 9 but but CC 48378 343 10 do do VBP 48378 343 11 not not RB 48378 343 12 throw throw VB 48378 343 13 out out RP 48378 343 14 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 343 15 heat heat NN 48378 343 16 . . . 48378 344 1 If if IN 48378 344 2 they -PRON- PRP 48378 344 3 are be VBP 48378 344 4 too too RB 48378 344 5 large large JJ 48378 344 6 , , , 48378 344 7 a a DT 48378 344 8 fire fire NN 48378 344 9 that that WDT 48378 344 10 would would MD 48378 344 11 fill fill VB 48378 344 12 the the DT 48378 344 13 combustion combustion NN 48378 344 14 chamber chamber NN 48378 344 15 would would MD 48378 344 16 be be VB 48378 344 17 entirely entirely RB 48378 344 18 too too RB 48378 344 19 hot hot JJ 48378 344 20 for for IN 48378 344 21 the the DT 48378 344 22 room room NN 48378 344 23 and and CC 48378 344 24 would would MD 48378 344 25 waste waste VB 48378 344 26 fuel fuel NN 48378 344 27 . . . 48378 345 1 The the DT 48378 345 2 location location NN 48378 345 3 of of IN 48378 345 4 the the DT 48378 345 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 345 6 determines determine VBZ 48378 345 7 the the DT 48378 345 8 location location NN 48378 345 9 of of IN 48378 345 10 the the DT 48378 345 11 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 345 12 and and CC 48378 345 13 too too RB 48378 345 14 often often RB 48378 345 15 is be VBZ 48378 345 16 governed govern VBN 48378 345 17 by by IN 48378 345 18 structural structural JJ 48378 345 19 considerations consideration NNS 48378 345 20 only only RB 48378 345 21 . . . 48378 346 1 A a DT 48378 346 2 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 346 3 suggests suggest VBZ 48378 346 4 a a DT 48378 346 5 fireside fireside NN 48378 346 6 group group NN 48378 346 7 and and CC 48378 346 8 a a DT 48378 346 9 reasonable reasonable JJ 48378 346 10 degree degree NN 48378 346 11 of of IN 48378 346 12 seclusion seclusion NN 48378 346 13 , , , 48378 346 14 and and CC 48378 346 15 therefore therefore RB 48378 346 16 , , , 48378 346 17 especially especially RB 48378 346 18 in in IN 48378 346 19 the the DT 48378 346 20 living living NN 48378 346 21 room room NN 48378 346 22 , , , 48378 346 23 it -PRON- PRP 48378 346 24 should should MD 48378 346 25 not not RB 48378 346 26 be be VB 48378 346 27 near near IN 48378 346 28 doors door NNS 48378 346 29 to to IN 48378 346 30 passageways passageway NNS 48378 346 31 of of IN 48378 346 32 the the DT 48378 346 33 house house NN 48378 346 34 . . . 48378 347 1 CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS NNP 48378 347 2 The the DT 48378 347 3 principal principal JJ 48378 347 4 warming warm VBG 48378 347 5 effect effect NN 48378 347 6 of of IN 48378 347 7 a a DT 48378 347 8 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 347 9 is be VBZ 48378 347 10 produced produce VBN 48378 347 11 by by IN 48378 347 12 the the DT 48378 347 13 radiant radiant JJ 48378 347 14 heat heat NN 48378 347 15 from from IN 48378 347 16 the the DT 48378 347 17 fire fire NN 48378 347 18 and and CC 48378 347 19 from from IN 48378 347 20 the the DT 48378 347 21 hot hot JJ 48378 347 22 back back NN 48378 347 23 , , , 48378 347 24 sides side NNS 48378 347 25 , , , 48378 347 26 and and CC 48378 347 27 hearth hearth NN 48378 347 28 . . . 48378 348 1 In in IN 48378 348 2 the the DT 48378 348 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 348 4 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 348 5 practically practically RB 48378 348 6 no no DT 48378 348 7 heating heat VBG 48378 348 8 effect effect NN 48378 348 9 is be VBZ 48378 348 10 produced produce VBN 48378 348 11 by by IN 48378 348 12 convection convection NN 48378 348 13 , , , 48378 348 14 that that RB 48378 348 15 is is RB 48378 348 16 , , , 48378 348 17 by by IN 48378 348 18 air air NN 48378 348 19 current current NN 48378 348 20 . . . 48378 349 1 Air air NN 48378 349 2 passes pass VBZ 48378 349 3 through through IN 48378 349 4 the the DT 48378 349 5 fire fire NN 48378 349 6 and and CC 48378 349 7 up up IN 48378 349 8 the the DT 48378 349 9 chimney chimney NN 48378 349 10 , , , 48378 349 11 carrying carry VBG 48378 349 12 with with IN 48378 349 13 it -PRON- PRP 48378 349 14 the the DT 48378 349 15 heat heat NN 48378 349 16 absorbed absorb VBN 48378 349 17 from from IN 48378 349 18 the the DT 48378 349 19 fire fire NN 48378 349 20 ; ; : 48378 349 21 at at IN 48378 349 22 the the DT 48378 349 23 same same JJ 48378 349 24 time time NN 48378 349 25 outside outside IN 48378 349 26 air air NN 48378 349 27 of of IN 48378 349 28 a a DT 48378 349 29 lower low JJR 48378 349 30 temperature temperature NN 48378 349 31 is be VBZ 48378 349 32 drawn draw VBN 48378 349 33 into into IN 48378 349 34 the the DT 48378 349 35 room room NN 48378 349 36 . . . 48378 350 1 The the DT 48378 350 2 effect effect NN 48378 350 3 of of IN 48378 350 4 the the DT 48378 350 5 cold cold JJ 48378 350 6 air air NN 48378 350 7 thus thus RB 48378 350 8 brought bring VBD 48378 350 9 into into IN 48378 350 10 the the DT 48378 350 11 room room NN 48378 350 12 is be VBZ 48378 350 13 particularly particularly RB 48378 350 14 noticeable noticeable JJ 48378 350 15 farthest farthest VB 48378 350 16 from from IN 48378 350 17 the the DT 48378 350 18 fire fire NN 48378 350 19 . . . 48378 351 1 Heat heat NN 48378 351 2 radiation radiation NN 48378 351 3 , , , 48378 351 4 like like IN 48378 351 5 light light NN 48378 351 6 , , , 48378 351 7 travels travel NNS 48378 351 8 in in IN 48378 351 9 straight straight JJ 48378 351 10 lines line NNS 48378 351 11 , , , 48378 351 12 and and CC 48378 351 13 unless unless IN 48378 351 14 one one CD 48378 351 15 is be VBZ 48378 351 16 within within IN 48378 351 17 range range NN 48378 351 18 of of IN 48378 351 19 such such JJ 48378 351 20 radiation radiation NN 48378 351 21 , , , 48378 351 22 little little JJ 48378 351 23 heat heat NN 48378 351 24 is be VBZ 48378 351 25 felt feel VBN 48378 351 26 . . . 48378 352 1 Tests test NNS 48378 352 2 made make VBN 48378 352 3 by by IN 48378 352 4 the the DT 48378 352 5 Bureau Bureau NNP 48378 352 6 of of IN 48378 352 7 Agricultural Agricultural NNP 48378 352 8 Chemistry Chemistry NNP 48378 352 9 and and CC 48378 352 10 Engineering Engineering NNP 48378 352 11 showed show VBD 48378 352 12 that that IN 48378 352 13 about about RB 48378 352 14 five five CD 48378 352 15 times time NNS 48378 352 16 the the DT 48378 352 17 amount amount NN 48378 352 18 of of IN 48378 352 19 air air NN 48378 352 20 required require VBN 48378 352 21 for for IN 48378 352 22 even even RB 48378 352 23 liberal liberal JJ 48378 352 24 ventilation ventilation NN 48378 352 25 may may MD 48378 352 26 be be VB 48378 352 27 drawn draw VBN 48378 352 28 into into IN 48378 352 29 a a DT 48378 352 30 living living NN 48378 352 31 room room NN 48378 352 32 by by IN 48378 352 33 the the DT 48378 352 34 operation operation NN 48378 352 35 of of IN 48378 352 36 a a DT 48378 352 37 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 352 38 . . . 48378 353 1 Such such JJ 48378 353 2 excessive excessive JJ 48378 353 3 ventilation ventilation NN 48378 353 4 may may MD 48378 353 5 cause cause VB 48378 353 6 chilling chilling JJ 48378 353 7 drafts draft NNS 48378 353 8 . . . 48378 354 1 Persons person NNS 48378 354 2 located locate VBN 48378 354 3 at at IN 48378 354 4 advantageous advantageous JJ 48378 354 5 points point NNS 48378 354 6 in in IN 48378 354 7 the the DT 48378 354 8 room room NN 48378 354 9 will will MD 48378 354 10 be be VB 48378 354 11 comfortable comfortable JJ 48378 354 12 under under IN 48378 354 13 such such JJ 48378 354 14 conditions condition NNS 48378 354 15 , , , 48378 354 16 but but CC 48378 354 17 those those DT 48378 354 18 out out IN 48378 354 19 of of IN 48378 354 20 the the DT 48378 354 21 radiation radiation NN 48378 354 22 zone zone NN 48378 354 23 will will MD 48378 354 24 not not RB 48378 354 25 . . . 48378 355 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 355 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 355 3 : : : 48378 355 4 Figure figure NN 48378 355 5 19.--In 19.--in CD 48378 355 6 1744 1744 CD 48378 355 7 Franklin Franklin NNP 48378 355 8 promoted promote VBD 48378 355 9 a a DT 48378 355 10 metal metal NN 48378 355 11 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 355 12 of of IN 48378 355 13 this this DT 48378 355 14 type type NN 48378 355 15 to to TO 48378 355 16 be be VB 48378 355 17 set set VBN 48378 355 18 out out RP 48378 355 19 into into IN 48378 355 20 a a DT 48378 355 21 room room NN 48378 355 22 . . . 48378 356 1 These these DT 48378 356 2 are be VBP 48378 356 3 known know VBN 48378 356 4 as as IN 48378 356 5 Franklin Franklin NNP 48378 356 6 stoves stove VBZ 48378 356 7 and and CC 48378 356 8 sometimes sometimes RB 48378 356 9 are be VBP 48378 356 10 equipped equip VBN 48378 356 11 with with IN 48378 356 12 andirons andiron NNS 48378 356 13 for for IN 48378 356 14 burning burn VBG 48378 356 15 wood wood NN 48378 356 16 or or CC 48378 356 17 a a DT 48378 356 18 grate grate NN 48378 356 19 for for IN 48378 356 20 burning burn VBG 48378 356 21 coal coal NN 48378 356 22 . . . 48378 357 1 The the DT 48378 357 2 metal metal NN 48378 357 3 blower blower NN 48378 357 4 , , , 48378 357 5 shown show VBN 48378 357 6 in in IN 48378 357 7 front front NN 48378 357 8 of of IN 48378 357 9 the the DT 48378 357 10 opening opening NN 48378 357 11 was be VBD 48378 357 12 used use VBN 48378 357 13 with with IN 48378 357 14 grates grate NNS 48378 357 15 and and CC 48378 357 16 set set VBN 48378 357 17 in in IN 48378 357 18 place place NN 48378 357 19 when when WRB 48378 357 20 starting start VBG 48378 357 21 the the DT 48378 357 22 draft draft NN 48378 357 23 and and CC 48378 357 24 then then RB 48378 357 25 removed remove VBD 48378 357 26 so so IN 48378 357 27 that that IN 48378 357 28 the the DT 48378 357 29 cheery cheery JJ 48378 357 30 heat heat NN 48378 357 31 of of IN 48378 357 32 glowing glow VBG 48378 357 33 coals coal NNS 48378 357 34 could could MD 48378 357 35 be be VB 48378 357 36 enjoyed enjoy VBN 48378 357 37 . . . 48378 358 1 At at IN 48378 358 2 one one CD 48378 358 3 time time NN 48378 358 4 this this DT 48378 358 5 type type NN 48378 358 6 of of IN 48378 358 7 stove stove NN 48378 358 8 was be VBD 48378 358 9 highly highly RB 48378 358 10 thought think VBN 48378 358 11 of of IN 48378 358 12 because because IN 48378 358 13 it -PRON- PRP 48378 358 14 threw throw VBD 48378 358 15 out out RP 48378 358 16 more more JJR 48378 358 17 heat heat NN 48378 358 18 than than IN 48378 358 19 the the DT 48378 358 20 built build VBN 48378 358 21 - - HYPH 48378 358 22 in in RP 48378 358 23 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 358 24 . . . 48378 359 1 A a DT 48378 359 2 few few JJ 48378 359 3 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 48378 359 4 specialize specialize VBP 48378 359 5 in in IN 48378 359 6 Franklin Franklin NNP 48378 359 7 stoves stove VBZ 48378 359 8 because because IN 48378 359 9 of of IN 48378 359 10 the the DT 48378 359 11 present present JJ 48378 359 12 - - HYPH 48378 359 13 day day NN 48378 359 14 demand demand NN 48378 359 15 . . . 48378 359 16 ] ] -RRB- 48378 360 1 Tests test NNS 48378 360 2 conducted conduct VBN 48378 360 3 by by IN 48378 360 4 this this DT 48378 360 5 Bureau Bureau NNP 48378 360 6 indicate indicate VBP 48378 360 7 that that IN 48378 360 8 , , , 48378 360 9 as as RB 48378 360 10 ordinarily ordinarily RB 48378 360 11 constructed construct VBN 48378 360 12 , , , 48378 360 13 a a DT 48378 360 14 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 360 15 is be VBZ 48378 360 16 only only RB 48378 360 17 about about RB 48378 360 18 one one CD 48378 360 19 - - HYPH 48378 360 20 third third NN 48378 360 21 as as RB 48378 360 22 efficient efficient JJ 48378 360 23 as as IN 48378 360 24 a a DT 48378 360 25 good good JJ 48378 360 26 stove stove NN 48378 360 27 or or CC 48378 360 28 circulator circulator NN 48378 360 29 heater heater NN 48378 360 30 . . . 48378 361 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 48378 361 2 , , , 48378 361 3 they -PRON- PRP 48378 361 4 have have VBP 48378 361 5 a a DT 48378 361 6 place place NN 48378 361 7 as as IN 48378 361 8 an an DT 48378 361 9 auxiliary auxiliary NN 48378 361 10 to to IN 48378 361 11 the the DT 48378 361 12 heating heating NN 48378 361 13 plant plant NN 48378 361 14 and and CC 48378 361 15 for for IN 48378 361 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 361 17 cheerfulness cheerfulness NN 48378 361 18 and and CC 48378 361 19 charm charm NN 48378 361 20 . . . 48378 362 1 In in IN 48378 362 2 milder milder NN 48378 362 3 climates climate NNS 48378 362 4 , , , 48378 362 5 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 362 6 may may MD 48378 362 7 suffice suffice VB 48378 362 8 as as IN 48378 362 9 the the DT 48378 362 10 sole sole JJ 48378 362 11 source source NN 48378 362 12 of of IN 48378 362 13 heat heat NN 48378 362 14 ; ; : 48378 362 15 also also RB 48378 362 16 certain certain JJ 48378 362 17 materials material NNS 48378 362 18 often often RB 48378 362 19 wasted waste VBN 48378 362 20 may may MD 48378 362 21 be be VB 48378 362 22 utilized utilize VBN 48378 362 23 for for IN 48378 362 24 fuel fuel NN 48378 362 25 . . . 48378 363 1 The the DT 48378 363 2 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 48378 363 3 of of IN 48378 363 4 the the DT 48378 363 5 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 363 6 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 363 7 are be VBP 48378 363 8 lessened lessen VBN 48378 363 9 by by IN 48378 363 10 " " `` 48378 363 11 modified modify VBN 48378 363 12 " " '' 48378 363 13 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 363 14 . . . 48378 364 1 MODIFIED MODIFIED NNP 48378 364 2 FIREPLACES FIREPLACES NNP 48378 364 3 The the DT 48378 364 4 Franklin Franklin NNP 48378 364 5 stove stove NN 48378 364 6 ( ( -LRB- 48378 364 7 fig fig NN 48378 364 8 . . . 48378 365 1 19 19 CD 48378 365 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 365 3 is be VBZ 48378 365 4 a a DT 48378 365 5 type type NN 48378 365 6 of of IN 48378 365 7 modified modify VBN 48378 365 8 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 365 9 . . . 48378 366 1 The the DT 48378 366 2 modified modify VBN 48378 366 3 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 366 4 of of IN 48378 366 5 today today NN 48378 366 6 are be VBP 48378 366 7 of of IN 48378 366 8 several several JJ 48378 366 9 types type NNS 48378 366 10 , , , 48378 366 11 as as IN 48378 366 12 shown show VBN 48378 366 13 in in IN 48378 366 14 figures figure NNS 48378 366 15 20 20 CD 48378 366 16 and and CC 48378 366 17 21 21 CD 48378 366 18 . . . 48378 367 1 Both both DT 48378 367 2 the the DT 48378 367 3 last last JJ 48378 367 4 two two CD 48378 367 5 types type NNS 48378 367 6 of of IN 48378 367 7 modified modify VBN 48378 367 8 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 367 9 are be VBP 48378 367 10 manufactured manufacture VBN 48378 367 11 as as IN 48378 367 12 units unit NNS 48378 367 13 of of IN 48378 367 14 heavy heavy JJ 48378 367 15 metal metal NN 48378 367 16 , , , 48378 367 17 designed design VBN 48378 367 18 to to TO 48378 367 19 be be VB 48378 367 20 set set VBN 48378 367 21 into into IN 48378 367 22 place place NN 48378 367 23 and and CC 48378 367 24 concealed conceal VBN 48378 367 25 by by IN 48378 367 26 the the DT 48378 367 27 usual usual JJ 48378 367 28 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 367 29 , , , 48378 367 30 or or CC 48378 367 31 other other JJ 48378 367 32 construction construction NN 48378 367 33 , , , 48378 367 34 so so IN 48378 367 35 that that IN 48378 367 36 no no DT 48378 367 37 practical practical JJ 48378 367 38 change change NN 48378 367 39 in in IN 48378 367 40 mantel mantel NN 48378 367 41 design design NN 48378 367 42 is be VBZ 48378 367 43 required require VBN 48378 367 44 by by IN 48378 367 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 367 46 use use NN 48378 367 47 . . . 48378 368 1 The the DT 48378 368 2 modifications modification NNS 48378 368 3 are be VBP 48378 368 4 built build VBN 48378 368 5 - - HYPH 48378 368 6 in in RP 48378 368 7 standard standard JJ 48378 368 8 parts part NNS 48378 368 9 of of IN 48378 368 10 the the DT 48378 368 11 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 368 12 -- -- : 48378 368 13 only only RB 48378 368 14 the the DT 48378 368 15 grilles grille NNS 48378 368 16 show show NN 48378 368 17 ( ( -LRB- 48378 368 18 fig fig NN 48378 368 19 . . . 48378 369 1 22 22 CD 48378 369 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 369 3 . . . 48378 370 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 370 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 370 3 : : : 48378 370 4 Figure figure NN 48378 370 5 20.--In 20.--In NNP 48378 370 6 this this DT 48378 370 7 modified modify VBN 48378 370 8 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 370 9 air air NN 48378 370 10 enters enter VBZ 48378 370 11 the the DT 48378 370 12 inlet inlet NN 48378 370 13 , , , 48378 370 14 _ _ NNP 48378 370 15 a a DT 48378 370 16 _ _ NNP 48378 370 17 , , , 48378 370 18 from from IN 48378 370 19 outside outside RB 48378 370 20 and and CC 48378 370 21 is be VBZ 48378 370 22 heated heat VBN 48378 370 23 as as IN 48378 370 24 it -PRON- PRP 48378 370 25 rises rise VBZ 48378 370 26 by by IN 48378 370 27 natural natural JJ 48378 370 28 circulation circulation NN 48378 370 29 through through IN 48378 370 30 the the DT 48378 370 31 back back JJ 48378 370 32 chamber chamber NN 48378 370 33 , , , 48378 370 34 _ _ NNP 48378 370 35 c c NNP 48378 370 36 _ _ NNP 48378 370 37 , , , 48378 370 38 and and CC 48378 370 39 the the DT 48378 370 40 tubes tube NNS 48378 370 41 , , , 48378 370 42 _ _ NNP 48378 370 43 t t NNP 48378 370 44 _ _ NNP 48378 370 45 , , , 48378 370 46 being be VBG 48378 370 47 discharged discharge VBN 48378 370 48 into into IN 48378 370 49 the the DT 48378 370 50 room room NN 48378 370 51 from from IN 48378 370 52 the the DT 48378 370 53 register register NN 48378 370 54 , , , 48378 370 55 _ _ NNP 48378 370 56 b b NNP 48378 370 57 _ _ NNP 48378 370 58 . . . 48378 371 1 Air air NN 48378 371 2 for for IN 48378 371 3 supporting support VBG 48378 371 4 combustion combustion NN 48378 371 5 is be VBZ 48378 371 6 drawn draw VBN 48378 371 7 into into IN 48378 371 8 the the DT 48378 371 9 fire fire NN 48378 371 10 at at IN 48378 371 11 _ _ NNP 48378 371 12 d d NNP 48378 371 13 _ _ NNP 48378 371 14 and and CC 48378 371 15 passes pass VBZ 48378 371 16 between between IN 48378 371 17 the the DT 48378 371 18 tubes tube NNS 48378 371 19 up up IN 48378 371 20 the the DT 48378 371 21 flue flue JJ 48378 371 22 A a DT 48378 371 23 damper damper NN 48378 371 24 is be VBZ 48378 371 25 also also RB 48378 371 26 provided provide VBN 48378 371 27 to to TO 48378 371 28 close close VB 48378 371 29 the the DT 48378 371 30 air air NN 48378 371 31 inlet inlet NN 48378 371 32 . . . 48378 371 33 ] ] -RRB- 48378 372 1 One one CD 48378 372 2 advantage advantage NN 48378 372 3 claimed claim VBD 48378 372 4 for for IN 48378 372 5 modified modify VBN 48378 372 6 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 372 7 units unit NNS 48378 372 8 is be VBZ 48378 372 9 that that IN 48378 372 10 the the DT 48378 372 11 correctly correctly RB 48378 372 12 designed design VBN 48378 372 13 and and CC 48378 372 14 proportioned proportion VBN 48378 372 15 firebox firebox NN 48378 372 16 , , , 48378 372 17 manufactured manufacture VBN 48378 372 18 with with IN 48378 372 19 throat throat NNP 48378 372 20 , , , 48378 372 21 damper damper NN 48378 372 22 , , , 48378 372 23 smoke smoke NN 48378 372 24 shelf shelf NN 48378 372 25 , , , 48378 372 26 and and CC 48378 372 27 chamber chamber NN 48378 372 28 , , , 48378 372 29 provides provide VBZ 48378 372 30 a a DT 48378 372 31 form form NN 48378 372 32 for for IN 48378 372 33 the the DT 48378 372 34 masonry masonry NN 48378 372 35 , , , 48378 372 36 thus thus RB 48378 372 37 reducing reduce VBG 48378 372 38 the the DT 48378 372 39 risk risk NN 48378 372 40 of of IN 48378 372 41 failure failure NN 48378 372 42 and and CC 48378 372 43 assuring assure VBG 48378 372 44 a a DT 48378 372 45 smokeless smokeless NN 48378 372 46 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 372 47 ! ! . 48378 373 1 However however RB 48378 373 2 , , , 48378 373 3 there there EX 48378 373 4 is be VBZ 48378 373 5 no no DT 48378 373 6 excuse excuse NN 48378 373 7 for for IN 48378 373 8 using use VBG 48378 373 9 incorrect incorrect JJ 48378 373 10 proportions proportion NNS 48378 373 11 ; ; : 48378 373 12 and and CC 48378 373 13 the the DT 48378 373 14 desirability desirability NN 48378 373 15 of of IN 48378 373 16 using use VBG 48378 373 17 a a DT 48378 373 18 foolproof foolproof JJ 48378 373 19 form form NN 48378 373 20 , , , 48378 373 21 as as IN 48378 373 22 provided provide VBN 48378 373 23 by by IN 48378 373 24 the the DT 48378 373 25 modified modify VBN 48378 373 26 unit unit NN 48378 373 27 , , , 48378 373 28 merely merely RB 48378 373 29 to to TO 48378 373 30 obtain obtain VB 48378 373 31 good good JJ 48378 373 32 proportions proportion NNS 48378 373 33 should should MD 48378 373 34 be be VB 48378 373 35 considered consider VBN 48378 373 36 from from IN 48378 373 37 the the DT 48378 373 38 standpoint standpoint NN 48378 373 39 of of IN 48378 373 40 cost cost NN 48378 373 41 . . . 48378 374 1 Even even RB 48378 374 2 though though IN 48378 374 3 the the DT 48378 374 4 unit unit NN 48378 374 5 is be VBZ 48378 374 6 well well RB 48378 374 7 designed design VBN 48378 374 8 , , , 48378 374 9 it -PRON- PRP 48378 374 10 will will MD 48378 374 11 not not RB 48378 374 12 operate operate VB 48378 374 13 properly properly RB 48378 374 14 if if IN 48378 374 15 the the DT 48378 374 16 chimney chimney NN 48378 374 17 is be VBZ 48378 374 18 inadequate inadequate JJ 48378 374 19 ; ; : 48378 374 20 therefore therefore RB 48378 374 21 the the DT 48378 374 22 rules rule NNS 48378 374 23 for for IN 48378 374 24 correct correct JJ 48378 374 25 chimney chimney NN 48378 374 26 construction construction NN 48378 374 27 must must MD 48378 374 28 be be VB 48378 374 29 adhered adhere VBN 48378 374 30 to to IN 48378 374 31 with with IN 48378 374 32 the the DT 48378 374 33 modified modify VBN 48378 374 34 unit unit NN 48378 374 35 as as RB 48378 374 36 well well RB 48378 374 37 as as IN 48378 374 38 with with IN 48378 374 39 the the DT 48378 374 40 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 374 41 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 374 42 . . . 48378 375 1 Manufacturers manufacturer NNS 48378 375 2 claim claim VBP 48378 375 3 labor labor NN 48378 375 4 and and CC 48378 375 5 materials material NNS 48378 375 6 saved save VBN 48378 375 7 tend tend VBP 48378 375 8 to to TO 48378 375 9 offset offset VB 48378 375 10 the the DT 48378 375 11 purchase purchase NN 48378 375 12 price price NN 48378 375 13 of of IN 48378 375 14 the the DT 48378 375 15 unit unit NN 48378 375 16 ; ; : 48378 375 17 also also RB 48378 375 18 that that IN 48378 375 19 the the DT 48378 375 20 saving saving NN 48378 375 21 in in IN 48378 375 22 fuel fuel NN 48378 375 23 justifies justifie NNS 48378 375 24 any any DT 48378 375 25 net net JJ 48378 375 26 increase increase NN 48378 375 27 in in IN 48378 375 28 first first JJ 48378 375 29 cost cost NN 48378 375 30 . . . 48378 376 1 A a DT 48378 376 2 minimum minimum JJ 48378 376 3 life life NN 48378 376 4 of of IN 48378 376 5 20 20 CD 48378 376 6 years year NNS 48378 376 7 is be VBZ 48378 376 8 claimed claim VBN 48378 376 9 for for IN 48378 376 10 the the DT 48378 376 11 type type NN 48378 376 12 and and CC 48378 376 13 thickness thickness NN 48378 376 14 of of IN 48378 376 15 metal metal NN 48378 376 16 commonly commonly RB 48378 376 17 used use VBD 48378 376 18 today today NN 48378 376 19 in in IN 48378 376 20 these these DT 48378 376 21 units unit NNS 48378 376 22 . . . 48378 377 1 Field field NN 48378 377 2 tests test NNS 48378 377 3 made make VBN 48378 377 4 by by IN 48378 377 5 this this DT 48378 377 6 Bureau Bureau NNP 48378 377 7 have have VBP 48378 377 8 proved prove VBN 48378 377 9 that that IN 48378 377 10 , , , 48378 377 11 when when WRB 48378 377 12 properly properly RB 48378 377 13 installed instal VBN 48378 377 14 , , , 48378 377 15 the the DT 48378 377 16 better well JJR 48378 377 17 designs design NNS 48378 377 18 of of IN 48378 377 19 modified modify VBN 48378 377 20 - - HYPH 48378 377 21 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 377 22 units unit NNS 48378 377 23 circulate circulate VBP 48378 377 24 heat heat NN 48378 377 25 into into IN 48378 377 26 the the DT 48378 377 27 cold cold JJ 48378 377 28 corners corner NNS 48378 377 29 of of IN 48378 377 30 rooms room NNS 48378 377 31 and and CC 48378 377 32 will will MD 48378 377 33 deliver deliver VB 48378 377 34 heated heated JJ 48378 377 35 air air NN 48378 377 36 through through IN 48378 377 37 ducts duct NNS 48378 377 38 to to IN 48378 377 39 adjoining adjoining JJ 48378 377 40 or or CC 48378 377 41 upper upper JJ 48378 377 42 rooms room NNS 48378 377 43 . . . 48378 378 1 For for IN 48378 378 2 example example NN 48378 378 3 , , , 48378 378 4 heat heat NN 48378 378 5 could could MD 48378 378 6 be be VB 48378 378 7 diverted divert VBN 48378 378 8 to to IN 48378 378 9 a a DT 48378 378 10 bathroom bathroom NN 48378 378 11 from from IN 48378 378 12 a a DT 48378 378 13 living living NN 48378 378 14 - - HYPH 48378 378 15 room room NN 48378 378 16 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 378 17 . . . 48378 379 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 379 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 379 3 : : : 48378 379 4 Figure figure VB 48378 379 5 21.--In 21.--In NNP 48378 379 6 this this DT 48378 379 7 fireplace fireplace VB 48378 379 8 the the DT 48378 379 9 air air NN 48378 379 10 is be VBZ 48378 379 11 not not RB 48378 379 12 drawn draw VBN 48378 379 13 in in RB 48378 379 14 directly directly RB 48378 379 15 from from IN 48378 379 16 outdoors outdoors RB 48378 379 17 but but CC 48378 379 18 through through IN 48378 379 19 the the DT 48378 379 20 inlet inlet NN 48378 379 21 , , , 48378 379 22 _ _ NNP 48378 379 23 a a DT 48378 379 24 _ _ NNP 48378 379 25 , , , 48378 379 26 from from IN 48378 379 27 the the DT 48378 379 28 room room NN 48378 379 29 that that WDT 48378 379 30 is be VBZ 48378 379 31 being be VBG 48378 379 32 heated heat VBN 48378 379 33 . . . 48378 380 1 The the DT 48378 380 2 air air NN 48378 380 3 is be VBZ 48378 380 4 heated heat VBN 48378 380 5 by by IN 48378 380 6 contact contact NN 48378 380 7 with with IN 48378 380 8 the the DT 48378 380 9 metal metal NN 48378 380 10 sides side NNS 48378 380 11 and and CC 48378 380 12 back back RB 48378 380 13 of of IN 48378 380 14 the the DT 48378 380 15 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 380 16 , , , 48378 380 17 rises rise VBZ 48378 380 18 by by IN 48378 380 19 natural natural JJ 48378 380 20 circulation circulation NN 48378 380 21 , , , 48378 380 22 and and CC 48378 380 23 is be VBZ 48378 380 24 discharged discharge VBN 48378 380 25 back back RB 48378 380 26 into into IN 48378 380 27 the the DT 48378 380 28 room room NN 48378 380 29 from from IN 48378 380 30 the the DT 48378 380 31 outlet outlet NN 48378 380 32 , , , 48378 380 33 _ _ NNP 48378 380 34 b b NNP 48378 380 35 _ _ NNP 48378 380 36 , , , 48378 380 37 or or CC 48378 380 38 to to IN 48378 380 39 another another DT 48378 380 40 room room NN 48378 380 41 on on IN 48378 380 42 the the DT 48378 380 43 same same JJ 48378 380 44 floor floor NN 48378 380 45 or or CC 48378 380 46 in in IN 48378 380 47 the the DT 48378 380 48 second second JJ 48378 380 49 story story NN 48378 380 50 . . . 48378 381 1 The the DT 48378 381 2 inlets inlet NNS 48378 381 3 and and CC 48378 381 4 outlets outlet NNS 48378 381 5 are be VBP 48378 381 6 connected connect VBN 48378 381 7 to to IN 48378 381 8 registers register NNS 48378 381 9 which which WDT 48378 381 10 may may MD 48378 381 11 be be VB 48378 381 12 located locate VBN 48378 381 13 at at IN 48378 381 14 the the DT 48378 381 15 front front NN 48378 381 16 of of IN 48378 381 17 the the DT 48378 381 18 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 381 19 , , , 48378 381 20 as as IN 48378 381 21 shown show VBN 48378 381 22 in in IN 48378 381 23 figure figure NN 48378 381 24 22 22 CD 48378 381 25 . . . 48378 382 1 The the DT 48378 382 2 registers register NNS 48378 382 3 may may MD 48378 382 4 be be VB 48378 382 5 located locate VBN 48378 382 6 on on IN 48378 382 7 the the DT 48378 382 8 ends end NNS 48378 382 9 of of IN 48378 382 10 the the DT 48378 382 11 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 382 12 or or CC 48378 382 13 on on IN 48378 382 14 the the DT 48378 382 15 wall wall NN 48378 382 16 of of IN 48378 382 17 an an DT 48378 382 18 adjacent adjacent JJ 48378 382 19 room room NN 48378 382 20 . . . 48378 382 21 ] ] -RRB- 48378 383 1 The the DT 48378 383 2 quantity quantity NN 48378 383 3 and and CC 48378 383 4 temperature temperature NN 48378 383 5 of of IN 48378 383 6 the the DT 48378 383 7 heated heated JJ 48378 383 8 air air NN 48378 383 9 discharged discharge VBN 48378 383 10 from from IN 48378 383 11 the the DT 48378 383 12 grilles grille NNS 48378 383 13 in in IN 48378 383 14 figures figure NNS 48378 383 15 20 20 CD 48378 383 16 and and CC 48378 383 17 21 21 CD 48378 383 18 were be VBD 48378 383 19 measured measure VBN 48378 383 20 to to TO 48378 383 21 determine determine VB 48378 383 22 the the DT 48378 383 23 merits merit NNS 48378 383 24 of of IN 48378 383 25 the the DT 48378 383 26 convection convection NN 48378 383 27 features feature NNS 48378 383 28 . . . 48378 384 1 These these DT 48378 384 2 measurements measurement NNS 48378 384 3 showed show VBD 48378 384 4 that that IN 48378 384 5 very very RB 48378 384 6 appreciable appreciable JJ 48378 384 7 amounts amount NNS 48378 384 8 of of IN 48378 384 9 convected convect VBN 48378 384 10 heat heat NN 48378 384 11 are be VBP 48378 384 12 produced produce VBN 48378 384 13 by by IN 48378 384 14 the the DT 48378 384 15 modified modify VBN 48378 384 16 unit unit NN 48378 384 17 when when WRB 48378 384 18 properly properly RB 48378 384 19 installed instal VBN 48378 384 20 and and CC 48378 384 21 operated operate VBN 48378 384 22 . . . 48378 385 1 Discharge discharge NN 48378 385 2 - - HYPH 48378 385 3 air air NN 48378 385 4 temperatures temperature NNS 48378 385 5 in in IN 48378 385 6 excess excess NN 48378 385 7 of of IN 48378 385 8 200 200 CD 48378 385 9 ° ° NNS 48378 385 10 F. F. NNP 48378 385 11 were be VBD 48378 385 12 attained attain VBN 48378 385 13 from from IN 48378 385 14 some some DT 48378 385 15 of of IN 48378 385 16 the the DT 48378 385 17 units unit NNS 48378 385 18 tested test VBN 48378 385 19 . . . 48378 386 1 The the DT 48378 386 2 heated heated JJ 48378 386 3 air air NN 48378 386 4 delivered deliver VBN 48378 386 5 from from IN 48378 386 6 the the DT 48378 386 7 discharge discharge NN 48378 386 8 grilles grille NNS 48378 386 9 of of IN 48378 386 10 some some DT 48378 386 11 of of IN 48378 386 12 the the DT 48378 386 13 medium medium JJ 48378 386 14 - - HYPH 48378 386 15 sized sized JJ 48378 386 16 units unit NNS 48378 386 17 represented represent VBD 48378 386 18 a a DT 48378 386 19 heating heating NN 48378 386 20 effect effect NN 48378 386 21 equivalent equivalent JJ 48378 386 22 to to IN 48378 386 23 that that DT 48378 386 24 from from IN 48378 386 25 nearly nearly RB 48378 386 26 40 40 CD 48378 386 27 square square JJ 48378 386 28 feet foot NNS 48378 386 29 of of IN 48378 386 30 cast cast NN 48378 386 31 - - HYPH 48378 386 32 iron iron NN 48378 386 33 radiation radiation NN 48378 386 34 of of IN 48378 386 35 the the DT 48378 386 36 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 386 37 hot hot JJ 48378 386 38 - - HYPH 48378 386 39 water water NN 48378 386 40 heating heating NN 48378 386 41 system system NN 48378 386 42 , , , 48378 386 43 or or CC 48378 386 44 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 386 45 to to TO 48378 386 46 heat heat VB 48378 386 47 a a DT 48378 386 48 15- 15- NNP 48378 386 49 by by IN 48378 386 50 18-foot 18-foot CD 48378 386 51 room room NN 48378 386 52 built build VBN 48378 386 53 with with IN 48378 386 54 average average JJ 48378 386 55 tightness tightness NN 48378 386 56 to to IN 48378 386 57 70 70 CD 48378 386 58 ° ° , 48378 386 59 F. F. NNP 48378 386 60 when when WRB 48378 386 61 the the DT 48378 386 62 outside outside JJ 48378 386 63 temperature temperature NN 48378 386 64 is be VBZ 48378 386 65 40 40 CD 48378 386 66 ° ° NNS 48378 386 67 F. F. NNP 48378 386 68 Additional Additional NNP 48378 386 69 convected convect VBN 48378 386 70 heat heat NN 48378 386 71 can can MD 48378 386 72 be be VB 48378 386 73 produced produce VBN 48378 386 74 with with IN 48378 386 75 some some DT 48378 386 76 models model NNS 48378 386 77 by by IN 48378 386 78 the the DT 48378 386 79 use use NN 48378 386 80 of of IN 48378 386 81 forced force VBN 48378 386 82 - - HYPH 48378 386 83 circulation circulation NN 48378 386 84 fans fan NNS 48378 386 85 . . . 48378 387 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 387 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 387 3 : : : 48378 387 4 Figure figure NN 48378 387 5 22.--Except 22.--except CD 48378 387 6 for for IN 48378 387 7 the the DT 48378 387 8 registers register NNS 48378 387 9 and and CC 48378 387 10 metallic metallic JJ 48378 387 11 sides side NNS 48378 387 12 and and CC 48378 387 13 back back RB 48378 387 14 , , , 48378 387 15 the the DT 48378 387 16 appearance appearance NN 48378 387 17 of of IN 48378 387 18 modified modify VBN 48378 387 19 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 387 20 is be VBZ 48378 387 21 like like IN 48378 387 22 that that DT 48378 387 23 of of IN 48378 387 24 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 387 25 ones one NNS 48378 387 26 . . . 48378 388 1 An an DT 48378 388 2 interesting interesting JJ 48378 388 3 effect effect NN 48378 388 4 is be VBZ 48378 388 5 secured secure VBN 48378 388 6 by by IN 48378 388 7 the the DT 48378 388 8 mirror mirror NN 48378 388 9 -- -- : 48378 388 10 the the DT 48378 388 11 reflection reflection NN 48378 388 12 of of IN 48378 388 13 the the DT 48378 388 14 opposite opposite JJ 48378 388 15 wall wall NN 48378 388 16 appears appear VBZ 48378 388 17 like like IN 48378 388 18 a a DT 48378 388 19 recess recess NN 48378 388 20 over over IN 48378 388 21 the the DT 48378 388 22 mantel mantel NN 48378 388 23 . . . 48378 388 24 ] ] -RRB- 48378 389 1 However however RB 48378 389 2 , , , 48378 389 3 the the DT 48378 389 4 nature nature NN 48378 389 5 of of IN 48378 389 6 operation operation NN 48378 389 7 , , , 48378 389 8 with with IN 48378 389 9 the the DT 48378 389 10 unavoidably unavoidably RB 48378 389 11 large large JJ 48378 389 12 quantity quantity NN 48378 389 13 of of IN 48378 389 14 heated heated JJ 48378 389 15 air air NN 48378 389 16 passing pass VBG 48378 389 17 up up RP 48378 389 18 the the DT 48378 389 19 stack stack NN 48378 389 20 , , , 48378 389 21 makes make VBZ 48378 389 22 the the DT 48378 389 23 inherent inherent JJ 48378 389 24 over over IN 48378 389 25 - - HYPH 48378 389 26 all all DT 48378 389 27 efficiency efficiency NN 48378 389 28 of of IN 48378 389 29 any any DT 48378 389 30 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 389 31 relatively relatively RB 48378 389 32 low low JJ 48378 389 33 . . . 48378 390 1 Therefore therefore RB 48378 390 2 , , , 48378 390 3 claims claim NNS 48378 390 4 for for IN 48378 390 5 an an DT 48378 390 6 increased increase VBN 48378 390 7 efficiency efficiency NN 48378 390 8 of of IN 48378 390 9 modified modify VBN 48378 390 10 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 390 11 should should MD 48378 390 12 be be VB 48378 390 13 understood understand VBN 48378 390 14 merely merely RB 48378 390 15 as as IN 48378 390 16 constituting constitute VBG 48378 390 17 an an DT 48378 390 18 improvement improvement NN 48378 390 19 over over IN 48378 390 20 the the DT 48378 390 21 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 390 22 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 390 23 and and CC 48378 390 24 not not RB 48378 390 25 over over IN 48378 390 26 stoves stove NNS 48378 390 27 or or CC 48378 390 28 central central JJ 48378 390 29 heating heating NN 48378 390 30 plants plant NNS 48378 390 31 . . . 48378 391 1 When when WRB 48378 391 2 a a DT 48378 391 3 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 391 4 is be VBZ 48378 391 5 being be VBG 48378 391 6 selected select VBN 48378 391 7 the the DT 48378 391 8 kind kind NN 48378 391 9 of of IN 48378 391 10 fuel fuel NN 48378 391 11 to to TO 48378 391 12 be be VB 48378 391 13 burned burn VBN 48378 391 14 should should MD 48378 391 15 be be VB 48378 391 16 considered consider VBN 48378 391 17 ; ; : 48378 391 18 also also RB 48378 391 19 , , , 48378 391 20 the the DT 48378 391 21 design design NN 48378 391 22 should should MD 48378 391 23 harmonize harmonize VB 48378 391 24 with with IN 48378 391 25 the the DT 48378 391 26 room room NN 48378 391 27 in in IN 48378 391 28 proportion proportion NN 48378 391 29 and and CC 48378 391 30 detail detail NN 48378 391 31 ( ( -LRB- 48378 391 32 figs fig NNS 48378 391 33 . . . 48378 392 1 23 23 CD 48378 392 2 and and CC 48378 392 3 24 24 CD 48378 392 4 ) ) -RRB- 48378 392 5 . . . 48378 393 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 393 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 393 3 : : : 48378 393 4 Figure figure VB 48378 393 5 23.--A 23.--a CD 48378 393 6 well well RB 48378 393 7 - - HYPH 48378 393 8 designed design VBN 48378 393 9 commercial commercial JJ 48378 393 10 mantel mantel NN 48378 393 11 that that WDT 48378 393 12 suits suit VBZ 48378 393 13 the the DT 48378 393 14 room room NN 48378 393 15 . . . 48378 394 1 Since since IN 48378 394 2 it -PRON- PRP 48378 394 3 is be VBZ 48378 394 4 painted paint VBN 48378 394 5 the the DT 48378 394 6 same same JJ 48378 394 7 color color NN 48378 394 8 as as IN 48378 394 9 the the DT 48378 394 10 walls wall NNS 48378 394 11 , , , 48378 394 12 it -PRON- PRP 48378 394 13 does do VBZ 48378 394 14 not not RB 48378 394 15 focus focus VB 48378 394 16 attention attention NN 48378 394 17 , , , 48378 394 18 as as IN 48378 394 19 the the DT 48378 394 20 handsomely handsomely RB 48378 394 21 carved carve VBN 48378 394 22 formal formal JJ 48378 394 23 mantel mantel NN 48378 394 24 or or CC 48378 394 25 mahogany mahogany NN 48378 394 26 shown show VBN 48378 394 27 in in IN 48378 394 28 figure figure NN 48378 394 29 37 37 CD 48378 394 30 is be VBZ 48378 394 31 intended intend VBN 48378 394 32 to to TO 48378 394 33 do do VB 48378 394 34 . . . 48378 394 35 ] ] -RRB- 48378 395 1 In in IN 48378 395 2 colonial colonial JJ 48378 395 3 days day NNS 48378 395 4 , , , 48378 395 5 when when WRB 48378 395 6 cordwood cordwood NN 48378 395 7 was be VBD 48378 395 8 plentiful plentiful JJ 48378 395 9 , , , 48378 395 10 fireplaces fireplace VBZ 48378 395 11 7 7 CD 48378 395 12 feet foot NNS 48378 395 13 wide wide JJ 48378 395 14 and and CC 48378 395 15 5 5 CD 48378 395 16 feet foot NNS 48378 395 17 high high JJ 48378 395 18 were be VBD 48378 395 19 common common JJ 48378 395 20 , , , 48378 395 21 especially especially RB 48378 395 22 when when WRB 48378 395 23 used use VBN 48378 395 24 in in IN 48378 395 25 kitchens kitchen NNS 48378 395 26 for for IN 48378 395 27 cooking cooking NN 48378 395 28 ( ( -LRB- 48378 395 29 fig fig NN 48378 395 30 . . . 48378 396 1 25 25 CD 48378 396 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 396 3 . . . 48378 397 1 They -PRON- PRP 48378 397 2 required require VBD 48378 397 3 large large JJ 48378 397 4 amounts amount NNS 48378 397 5 of of IN 48378 397 6 fuel fuel NN 48378 397 7 and and CC 48378 397 8 too too RB 48378 397 9 frequently frequently RB 48378 397 10 were be VBD 48378 397 11 smoky smoky JJ 48378 397 12 . . . 48378 398 1 Where where WRB 48378 398 2 cordwood cordwood NN 48378 398 3 ( ( -LRB- 48378 398 4 4 4 CD 48378 398 5 feet foot NNS 48378 398 6 long long JJ 48378 398 7 ) ) -RRB- 48378 398 8 is be VBZ 48378 398 9 cut cut VBN 48378 398 10 in in IN 48378 398 11 half half NN 48378 398 12 , , , 48378 398 13 a a DT 48378 398 14 30-inch 30-inch CD 48378 398 15 width width NN 48378 398 16 is be VBZ 48378 398 17 desirable desirable JJ 48378 398 18 for for IN 48378 398 19 a a DT 48378 398 20 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 398 21 ; ; : 48378 398 22 but but CC 48378 398 23 , , , 48378 398 24 where where WRB 48378 398 25 coal coal NN 48378 398 26 is be VBZ 48378 398 27 burned burn VBN 48378 398 28 , , , 48378 398 29 the the DT 48378 398 30 opening opening NN 48378 398 31 can can MD 48378 398 32 be be VB 48378 398 33 narrower narrow JJR 48378 398 34 ( ( -LRB- 48378 398 35 fig fig NN 48378 398 36 . . . 48378 399 1 26 26 CD 48378 399 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 399 3 . . . 48378 400 1 Thirty thirty CD 48378 400 2 inches inch NNS 48378 400 3 is be VBZ 48378 400 4 a a DT 48378 400 5 practical practical JJ 48378 400 6 height height NN 48378 400 7 for for IN 48378 400 8 the the DT 48378 400 9 convenient convenient JJ 48378 400 10 tending tending NN 48378 400 11 of of IN 48378 400 12 a a DT 48378 400 13 fire fire NN 48378 400 14 where where WRB 48378 400 15 the the DT 48378 400 16 width width NN 48378 400 17 is be VBZ 48378 400 18 less less JJR 48378 400 19 than than IN 48378 400 20 6 6 CD 48378 400 21 feet foot NNS 48378 400 22 ; ; : 48378 400 23 openings opening NNS 48378 400 24 about about IN 48378 400 25 30 30 CD 48378 400 26 inches inch NNS 48378 400 27 wide wide JJ 48378 400 28 ( ( -LRB- 48378 400 29 fig fig NN 48378 400 30 . . . 48378 401 1 27 27 CD 48378 401 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 401 3 are be VBP 48378 401 4 generally generally RB 48378 401 5 made make VBN 48378 401 6 with with IN 48378 401 7 square square JJ 48378 401 8 corners corner NNS 48378 401 9 . . . 48378 402 1 The the DT 48378 402 2 higher high JJR 48378 402 3 the the DT 48378 402 4 opening opening NN 48378 402 5 , , , 48378 402 6 the the DT 48378 402 7 greater great JJR 48378 402 8 the the DT 48378 402 9 chance chance NN 48378 402 10 of of IN 48378 402 11 a a DT 48378 402 12 smoky smoky JJ 48378 402 13 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 402 14 . . . 48378 403 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 403 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 403 3 : : : 48378 403 4 Figure figure NN 48378 403 5 24.--Another 24.--another CD 48378 403 6 good good JJ 48378 403 7 design design NN 48378 403 8 is be VBZ 48378 403 9 this this DT 48378 403 10 revival revival NN 48378 403 11 of of IN 48378 403 12 early early JJ 48378 403 13 New New NNP 48378 403 14 England England NNP 48378 403 15 architecture architecture NN 48378 403 16 , , , 48378 403 17 which which WDT 48378 403 18 is be VBZ 48378 403 19 frequently frequently RB 48378 403 20 used use VBN 48378 403 21 for for IN 48378 403 22 remodeling remodel VBG 48378 403 23 public public JJ 48378 403 24 dining dining NN 48378 403 25 rooms room NNS 48378 403 26 . . . 48378 404 1 The the DT 48378 404 2 random random JJ 48378 404 3 - - HYPH 48378 404 4 width width JJ 48378 404 5 pine pine JJ 48378 404 6 planks plank NNS 48378 404 7 were be VBD 48378 404 8 selected select VBN 48378 404 9 especially especially RB 48378 404 10 for for IN 48378 404 11 variety variety NN 48378 404 12 in in IN 48378 404 13 the the DT 48378 404 14 pattern pattern NN 48378 404 15 of of IN 48378 404 16 the the DT 48378 404 17 knots knot NNS 48378 404 18 . . . 48378 405 1 Note note VB 48378 405 2 the the DT 48378 405 3 use use NN 48378 405 4 of of IN 48378 405 5 otherwise otherwise RB 48378 405 6 wasted waste VBN 48378 405 7 space space NN 48378 405 8 for for IN 48378 405 9 bookshelves bookshelf NNS 48378 405 10 and and CC 48378 405 11 closet closet NN 48378 405 12 . . . 48378 405 13 ] ] -RRB- 48378 406 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 406 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 406 3 : : : 48378 406 4 Figure figure NN 48378 406 5 25.--_A 25.--_a CD 48378 406 6 _ _ NNP 48378 406 7 , , , 48378 406 8 A a DT 48378 406 9 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 406 10 at at IN 48378 406 11 Mount Mount NNP 48378 406 12 Vernon Vernon NNP 48378 406 13 , , , 48378 406 14 Washington Washington NNP 48378 406 15 's 's POS 48378 406 16 home home NN 48378 406 17 , , , 48378 406 18 typical typical JJ 48378 406 19 of of IN 48378 406 20 those those DT 48378 406 21 used use VBN 48378 406 22 before before IN 48378 406 23 cooking cooking NN 48378 406 24 stoves stove NNS 48378 406 25 were be VBD 48378 406 26 introduced introduce VBN 48378 406 27 . . . 48378 407 1 This this DT 48378 407 2 type type NN 48378 407 3 of of IN 48378 407 4 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 407 5 , , , 48378 407 6 if if IN 48378 407 7 not not RB 48378 407 8 too too RB 48378 407 9 large large JJ 48378 407 10 , , , 48378 407 11 is be VBZ 48378 407 12 often often RB 48378 407 13 retained retain VBN 48378 407 14 ( ( -LRB- 48378 407 15 _ _ NNP 48378 407 16 B B NNP 48378 407 17 _ _ NNP 48378 407 18 ) ) -RRB- 48378 407 19 when when WRB 48378 407 20 a a DT 48378 407 21 kitchen kitchen NN 48378 407 22 is be VBZ 48378 407 23 remodeled remodel VBN 48378 407 24 into into IN 48378 407 25 a a DT 48378 407 26 living living NN 48378 407 27 room room NN 48378 407 28 . . . 48378 408 1 Note note VB 48378 408 2 the the DT 48378 408 3 Dutch Dutch NNP 48378 408 4 oven oven NN 48378 408 5 at at IN 48378 408 6 the the DT 48378 408 7 right right NN 48378 408 8 , , , 48378 408 9 formerly formerly RB 48378 408 10 used use VBN 48378 408 11 for for IN 48378 408 12 baking baking NN 48378 408 13 . . . 48378 408 14 ] ] -RRB- 48378 409 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 409 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 409 3 : : : 48378 409 4 Figure figure NN 48378 409 5 26.--Fireplaces 26.--fireplaces CD 48378 409 6 originally originally RB 48378 409 7 intended intend VBN 48378 409 8 for for IN 48378 409 9 wood wood NN 48378 409 10 were be VBD 48378 409 11 frequently frequently RB 48378 409 12 bricked bricke VBN 48378 409 13 up up RP 48378 409 14 , , , 48378 409 15 and and CC 48378 409 16 small small JJ 48378 409 17 cast cast NN 48378 409 18 - - HYPH 48378 409 19 iron iron NN 48378 409 20 units unit NNS 48378 409 21 of of IN 48378 409 22 this this DT 48378 409 23 type type NN 48378 409 24 were be VBD 48378 409 25 built build VBN 48378 409 26 in in IN 48378 409 27 , , , 48378 409 28 since since IN 48378 409 29 the the DT 48378 409 30 large large JJ 48378 409 31 openings opening NNS 48378 409 32 required require VBN 48378 409 33 for for IN 48378 409 34 wood wood NN 48378 409 35 were be VBD 48378 409 36 wasteful wasteful JJ 48378 409 37 when when WRB 48378 409 38 coal coal NN 48378 409 39 was be VBD 48378 409 40 used use VBN 48378 409 41 . . . 48378 410 1 This this DT 48378 410 2 was be VBD 48378 410 3 a a DT 48378 410 4 very very RB 48378 410 5 popular popular JJ 48378 410 6 type type NN 48378 410 7 of of IN 48378 410 8 grate grate NN 48378 410 9 for for IN 48378 410 10 hotel hotel NN 48378 410 11 and and CC 48378 410 12 private private JJ 48378 410 13 bedrooms bedroom NNS 48378 410 14 about about IN 48378 410 15 1860 1860 CD 48378 410 16 and and CC 48378 410 17 can can MD 48378 410 18 still still RB 48378 410 19 be be VB 48378 410 20 seen see VBN 48378 410 21 in in IN 48378 410 22 old old JJ 48378 410 23 houses house NNS 48378 410 24 in in IN 48378 410 25 coal coal NN 48378 410 26 regions region NNS 48378 410 27 . . . 48378 411 1 Note note VB 48378 411 2 the the DT 48378 411 3 plain plain JJ 48378 411 4 and and CC 48378 411 5 neat neat JJ 48378 411 6 mantel mantel NN 48378 411 7 of of IN 48378 411 8 wide wide JJ 48378 411 9 plank plank NNP 48378 411 10 . . . 48378 411 11 ] ] -RRB- 48378 412 1 In in IN 48378 412 2 general general JJ 48378 412 3 , , , 48378 412 4 the the DT 48378 412 5 wider wide JJR 48378 412 6 the the DT 48378 412 7 opening opening NN 48378 412 8 the the DT 48378 412 9 greater great JJR 48378 412 10 should should MD 48378 412 11 be be VB 48378 412 12 the the DT 48378 412 13 depth depth NN 48378 412 14 . . . 48378 413 1 A a DT 48378 413 2 shallow shallow JJ 48378 413 3 opening opening NN 48378 413 4 throws throw NNS 48378 413 5 out out RP 48378 413 6 relatively relatively RB 48378 413 7 more more JJR 48378 413 8 heat heat NN 48378 413 9 than than IN 48378 413 10 a a DT 48378 413 11 deep deep JJ 48378 413 12 one one CD 48378 413 13 of of IN 48378 413 14 the the DT 48378 413 15 same same JJ 48378 413 16 width width NN 48378 413 17 but but CC 48378 413 18 accommodates accommodate NNS 48378 413 19 smaller small JJR 48378 413 20 pieces piece NNS 48378 413 21 of of IN 48378 413 22 wood wood NN 48378 413 23 ; ; : 48378 413 24 thus thus RB 48378 413 25 it -PRON- PRP 48378 413 26 becomes become VBZ 48378 413 27 a a DT 48378 413 28 question question NN 48378 413 29 of of IN 48378 413 30 preference preference NN 48378 413 31 between between IN 48378 413 32 a a DT 48378 413 33 greater great JJR 48378 413 34 depth depth NN 48378 413 35 which which WDT 48378 413 36 permits permit VBZ 48378 413 37 the the DT 48378 413 38 use use NN 48378 413 39 of of IN 48378 413 40 large large JJ 48378 413 41 logs log NNS 48378 413 42 that that WDT 48378 413 43 burn burn VBP 48378 413 44 longer long RBR 48378 413 45 and and CC 48378 413 46 a a DT 48378 413 47 shallower shallow JJR 48378 413 48 depth depth NN 48378 413 49 ( ( -LRB- 48378 413 50 fig fig NN 48378 413 51 . . . 48378 414 1 28 28 CD 48378 414 2 , , , 48378 414 3 _ _ NNP 48378 414 4 A A NNP 48378 414 5 _ _ NNP 48378 414 6 and and CC 48378 414 7 _ _ NNP 48378 414 8 B B NNP 48378 414 9 _ _ NNP 48378 414 10 ) ) -RRB- 48378 414 11 which which WDT 48378 414 12 takes take VBZ 48378 414 13 smaller small JJR 48378 414 14 - - HYPH 48378 414 15 sized sized JJ 48378 414 16 wood wood NN 48378 414 17 but but CC 48378 414 18 throws throw VBZ 48378 414 19 out out RP 48378 414 20 more more JJR 48378 414 21 heat heat NN 48378 414 22 . . . 48378 415 1 In in IN 48378 415 2 small small JJ 48378 415 3 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 415 4 a a DT 48378 415 5 depth depth NN 48378 415 6 of of IN 48378 415 7 12 12 CD 48378 415 8 inches inch NNS 48378 415 9 will will MD 48378 415 10 permit permit VB 48378 415 11 good good JJ 48378 415 12 draft draft NN 48378 415 13 if if IN 48378 415 14 the the DT 48378 415 15 throat throat NN 48378 415 16 is be VBZ 48378 415 17 constructed construct VBN 48378 415 18 as as IN 48378 415 19 explained explain VBN 48378 415 20 above above RB 48378 415 21 , , , 48378 415 22 but but CC 48378 415 23 a a DT 48378 415 24 minimum minimum JJ 48378 415 25 depth depth NN 48378 415 26 of of IN 48378 415 27 16 16 CD 48378 415 28 to to TO 48378 415 29 18 18 CD 48378 415 30 inches inch NNS 48378 415 31 is be VBZ 48378 415 32 advised advise VBN 48378 415 33 to to TO 48378 415 34 lessen lessen VB 48378 415 35 the the DT 48378 415 36 danger danger NN 48378 415 37 of of IN 48378 415 38 brands brand NNS 48378 415 39 falling fall VBG 48378 415 40 out out RP 48378 415 41 on on IN 48378 415 42 the the DT 48378 415 43 floor floor NN 48378 415 44 . . . 48378 416 1 As as IN 48378 416 2 a a DT 48378 416 3 rule rule NN 48378 416 4 , , , 48378 416 5 fireplaces fireplace VBZ 48378 416 6 on on IN 48378 416 7 the the DT 48378 416 8 second second JJ 48378 416 9 floor floor NN 48378 416 10 are be VBP 48378 416 11 smaller small JJR 48378 416 12 than than IN 48378 416 13 those those DT 48378 416 14 on on IN 48378 416 15 the the DT 48378 416 16 first first JJ 48378 416 17 floor floor NN 48378 416 18 and and CC 48378 416 19 it -PRON- PRP 48378 416 20 is be VBZ 48378 416 21 well well JJ 48378 416 22 to to TO 48378 416 23 follow follow VB 48378 416 24 this this DT 48378 416 25 practice practice NN 48378 416 26 because because IN 48378 416 27 the the DT 48378 416 28 flue flue JJ 48378 416 29 height height NN 48378 416 30 is be VBZ 48378 416 31 less less JJR 48378 416 32 for for IN 48378 416 33 second second JJ 48378 416 34 floor floor NN 48378 416 35 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 416 36 ( ( -LRB- 48378 416 37 fig fig NN 48378 416 38 . . . 48378 417 1 29 29 CD 48378 417 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 417 3 . . . 48378 418 1 Unless unless IN 48378 418 2 a a DT 48378 418 3 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 418 4 6 6 CD 48378 418 5 feet foot NNS 48378 418 6 wide wide JJ 48378 418 7 is be VBZ 48378 418 8 fully fully RB 48378 418 9 28 28 CD 48378 418 10 inches inch NNS 48378 418 11 deep deep JJ 48378 418 12 , , , 48378 418 13 the the DT 48378 418 14 logs log NNS 48378 418 15 will will MD 48378 418 16 have have VB 48378 418 17 to to TO 48378 418 18 be be VB 48378 418 19 split split VBN 48378 418 20 , , , 48378 418 21 and and CC 48378 418 22 some some DT 48378 418 23 advantage advantage NN 48378 418 24 of of IN 48378 418 25 the the DT 48378 418 26 wide wide JJ 48378 418 27 opening opening NN 48378 418 28 will will MD 48378 418 29 be be VB 48378 418 30 lost lose VBN 48378 418 31 . . . 48378 419 1 Screens screen NNS 48378 419 2 of of IN 48378 419 3 suitable suitable JJ 48378 419 4 design design NN 48378 419 5 should should MD 48378 419 6 be be VB 48378 419 7 placed place VBN 48378 419 8 in in IN 48378 419 9 front front NN 48378 419 10 of of IN 48378 419 11 all all DT 48378 419 12 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 419 13 ( ( -LRB- 48378 419 14 fig fig VB 48378 419 15 . . . 48378 420 1 30 30 CD 48378 420 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 420 3 . . . 48378 421 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 421 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 421 3 : : : 48378 421 4 Figure figure NN 48378 421 5 27.--This 27.--this CD 48378 421 6 inexpensive inexpensive JJ 48378 421 7 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 421 8 32 32 CD 48378 421 9 inches inch NNS 48378 421 10 square square JJ 48378 421 11 shows show VBZ 48378 421 12 how how WRB 48378 421 13 a a DT 48378 421 14 plain plain JJ 48378 421 15 brick brick NN 48378 421 16 front front NN 48378 421 17 can can MD 48378 421 18 be be VB 48378 421 19 used use VBN 48378 421 20 in in IN 48378 421 21 a a DT 48378 421 22 small small JJ 48378 421 23 room room NN 48378 421 24 . . . 48378 421 25 ] ] -RRB- 48378 422 1 A a DT 48378 422 2 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 422 3 30 30 CD 48378 422 4 to to TO 48378 422 5 36 36 CD 48378 422 6 inches inch NNS 48378 422 7 wide wide JJ 48378 422 8 is be VBZ 48378 422 9 generally generally RB 48378 422 10 suitable suitable JJ 48378 422 11 for for IN 48378 422 12 a a DT 48378 422 13 room room NN 48378 422 14 having have VBG 48378 422 15 300 300 CD 48378 422 16 square square JJ 48378 422 17 feet foot NNS 48378 422 18 of of IN 48378 422 19 floor floor NN 48378 422 20 ( ( -LRB- 48378 422 21 fig fig NN 48378 422 22 . . . 48378 423 1 31 31 CD 48378 423 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 423 3 . . . 48378 424 1 The the DT 48378 424 2 width width NN 48378 424 3 should should MD 48378 424 4 be be VB 48378 424 5 increased increase VBN 48378 424 6 for for IN 48378 424 7 larger large JJR 48378 424 8 rooms room NNS 48378 424 9 , , , 48378 424 10 but but CC 48378 424 11 all all DT 48378 424 12 other other JJ 48378 424 13 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 424 14 should should MD 48378 424 15 be be VB 48378 424 16 taken take VBN 48378 424 17 from from IN 48378 424 18 table table NN 48378 424 19 3 3 CD 48378 424 20 for for IN 48378 424 21 the the DT 48378 424 22 width width NN 48378 424 23 selected select VBN 48378 424 24 . . . 48378 425 1 The the DT 48378 425 2 corner corner NN 48378 425 3 of of IN 48378 425 4 a a DT 48378 425 5 room room NN 48378 425 6 often often RB 48378 425 7 is be VBZ 48378 425 8 the the DT 48378 425 9 favorite favorite JJ 48378 425 10 location location NN 48378 425 11 for for IN 48378 425 12 a a DT 48378 425 13 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 425 14 ( ( -LRB- 48378 425 15 fig fig NN 48378 425 16 . . . 48378 426 1 32 32 CD 48378 426 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 426 3 . . . 48378 427 1 Fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 427 2 of of IN 48378 427 3 the the DT 48378 427 4 type type NN 48378 427 5 shown show VBN 48378 427 6 in in IN 48378 427 7 figure figure NN 48378 427 8 28 28 CD 48378 427 9 are be VBP 48378 427 10 also also RB 48378 427 11 built build VBN 48378 427 12 in in IN 48378 427 13 corners corner NNS 48378 427 14 . . . 48378 428 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 428 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 428 3 : : : 48378 428 4 Figure figure NN 48378 428 5 28.--A 28.--A NNS 48378 428 6 , , , 48378 428 7 A a DT 48378 428 8 shallow shallow JJ 48378 428 9 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 428 10 , , , 48378 428 11 with with IN 48378 428 12 a a DT 48378 428 13 copper copper NN 48378 428 14 hood hood NN 48378 428 15 , , , 48378 428 16 built build VBN 48378 428 17 as as IN 48378 428 18 shown show VBN 48378 428 19 in in IN 48378 428 20 B b NN 48378 428 21 , , , 48378 428 22 throws throw VBZ 48378 428 23 out out RP 48378 428 24 considerable considerable JJ 48378 428 25 heat heat NN 48378 428 26 after after IN 48378 428 27 the the DT 48378 428 28 hood hood NN 48378 428 29 gets get VBZ 48378 428 30 hot hot JJ 48378 428 31 . . . 48378 429 1 The the DT 48378 429 2 wall wall NN 48378 429 3 should should MD 48378 429 4 be be VB 48378 429 5 of of IN 48378 429 6 fire fire NN 48378 429 7 - - HYPH 48378 429 8 resistant resistant JJ 48378 429 9 masonry masonry NN 48378 429 10 . . . 48378 429 11 ] ] -RRB- 48378 430 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 430 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 430 3 : : : 48378 430 4 Figure figure VB 48378 430 5 29.--This 29.--this CD 48378 430 6 shallow shallow JJ 48378 430 7 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 430 8 with with IN 48378 430 9 a a DT 48378 430 10 sloping sloping NN 48378 430 11 back back RB 48378 430 12 is be VBZ 48378 430 13 a a DT 48378 430 14 type type NN 48378 430 15 that that WDT 48378 430 16 was be VBD 48378 430 17 frequently frequently RB 48378 430 18 built build VBN 48378 430 19 in in IN 48378 430 20 bedrooms bedroom NNS 48378 430 21 before before IN 48378 430 22 the the DT 48378 430 23 general general JJ 48378 430 24 use use NN 48378 430 25 of of IN 48378 430 26 stoves stove NNS 48378 430 27 . . . 48378 431 1 Note note VB 48378 431 2 the the DT 48378 431 3 neat neat JJ 48378 431 4 and and CC 48378 431 5 well well RB 48378 431 6 - - HYPH 48378 431 7 proportioned proportion VBN 48378 431 8 mantel mantel NN 48378 431 9 . . . 48378 431 10 ] ] -RRB- 48378 432 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 432 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 432 3 : : : 48378 432 4 Figure figure NN 48378 432 5 30.--Screens 30.--screens CD 48378 432 6 are be VBP 48378 432 7 almost almost RB 48378 432 8 essential essential JJ 48378 432 9 to to TO 48378 432 10 protect protect VB 48378 432 11 the the DT 48378 432 12 upholstery upholstery NN 48378 432 13 of of IN 48378 432 14 nearby nearby JJ 48378 432 15 furniture furniture NN 48378 432 16 from from IN 48378 432 17 sparks spark NNS 48378 432 18 . . . 48378 433 1 This this DT 48378 433 2 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 433 3 shows show VBZ 48378 433 4 artistic artistic JJ 48378 433 5 use use NN 48378 433 6 of of IN 48378 433 7 small small JJ 48378 433 8 stones stone NNS 48378 433 9 and and CC 48378 433 10 makes make VBZ 48378 433 11 a a DT 48378 433 12 pleasing pleasing JJ 48378 433 13 contrast contrast NN 48378 433 14 with with IN 48378 433 15 the the DT 48378 433 16 log log NN 48378 433 17 walls wall NNS 48378 433 18 . . . 48378 433 19 ] ] -RRB- 48378 434 1 Units unit NNS 48378 434 2 providing provide VBG 48378 434 3 for for IN 48378 434 4 burning burn VBG 48378 434 5 gas gas NN 48378 434 6 are be VBP 48378 434 7 often often RB 48378 434 8 built build VBN 48378 434 9 in in IN 48378 434 10 to to TO 48378 434 11 resemble resemble VB 48378 434 12 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 434 13 ( ( -LRB- 48378 434 14 fig fig NN 48378 434 15 . . . 48378 435 1 33 33 CD 48378 435 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 435 3 . . . 48378 436 1 Pleasing pleasing JJ 48378 436 2 designs design NNS 48378 436 3 result result VBP 48378 436 4 from from IN 48378 436 5 exercising exercise VBG 48378 436 6 good good JJ 48378 436 7 taste taste NN 48378 436 8 in in IN 48378 436 9 use use NN 48378 436 10 of of IN 48378 436 11 materials material NNS 48378 436 12 and and CC 48378 436 13 mantels mantel NNS 48378 436 14 that that WDT 48378 436 15 suit suit VBP 48378 436 16 the the DT 48378 436 17 room room NN 48378 436 18 . . . 48378 437 1 The the DT 48378 437 2 photographs photograph NNS 48378 437 3 in in IN 48378 437 4 this this DT 48378 437 5 bulletin bulletin NN 48378 437 6 have have VBP 48378 437 7 been be VBN 48378 437 8 selected select VBN 48378 437 9 to to TO 48378 437 10 illustrate illustrate VB 48378 437 11 various various JJ 48378 437 12 architectural architectural JJ 48378 437 13 effects effect NNS 48378 437 14 that that WDT 48378 437 15 can can MD 48378 437 16 be be VB 48378 437 17 developed develop VBN 48378 437 18 and and CC 48378 437 19 should should MD 48378 437 20 help help VB 48378 437 21 in in IN 48378 437 22 the the DT 48378 437 23 choice choice NN 48378 437 24 of of IN 48378 437 25 a a DT 48378 437 26 type type NN 48378 437 27 suitable suitable JJ 48378 437 28 for for IN 48378 437 29 houses house NNS 48378 437 30 of of IN 48378 437 31 different different JJ 48378 437 32 designs design NNS 48378 437 33 . . . 48378 438 1 The the DT 48378 438 2 essentials essential NNS 48378 438 3 for for IN 48378 438 4 safety safety NN 48378 438 5 and and CC 48378 438 6 utility utility NN 48378 438 7 , , , 48378 438 8 however however RB 48378 438 9 , , , 48378 438 10 should should MD 48378 438 11 not not RB 48378 438 12 be be VB 48378 438 13 sacrificed sacrifice VBN 48378 438 14 for for IN 48378 438 15 style style NN 48378 438 16 . . . 48378 439 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 439 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 439 3 : : : 48378 439 4 Figure figure NN 48378 439 5 31.--This 31.--this CD 48378 439 6 36-inch 36-inch CD 48378 439 7 - - HYPH 48378 439 8 wide wide JJ 48378 439 9 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 439 10 does do VBZ 48378 439 11 not not RB 48378 439 12 seem seem VB 48378 439 13 too too RB 48378 439 14 large large JJ 48378 439 15 for for IN 48378 439 16 the the DT 48378 439 17 small small JJ 48378 439 18 room room NN 48378 439 19 , , , 48378 439 20 but but CC 48378 439 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 439 22 size size NN 48378 439 23 would would MD 48378 439 24 have have VB 48378 439 25 been be VBN 48378 439 26 accentuated accentuate VBN 48378 439 27 by by IN 48378 439 28 the the DT 48378 439 29 use use NN 48378 439 30 of of IN 48378 439 31 a a DT 48378 439 32 mantel mantel NN 48378 439 33 . . . 48378 439 34 ] ] -RRB- 48378 440 1 CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION NNP 48378 440 2 The the DT 48378 440 3 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 440 4 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 440 5 is be VBZ 48378 440 6 constructed construct VBN 48378 440 7 generally generally RB 48378 440 8 as as IN 48378 440 9 shown show VBN 48378 440 10 in in IN 48378 440 11 figure figure NN 48378 440 12 34 34 CD 48378 440 13 . . . 48378 441 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 441 2 is be VBZ 48378 441 3 essential essential JJ 48378 441 4 ( ( -LRB- 48378 441 5 1 1 LS 48378 441 6 ) ) -RRB- 48378 441 7 that that IN 48378 441 8 the the DT 48378 441 9 flue flue NN 48378 441 10 have have VBP 48378 441 11 the the DT 48378 441 12 proper proper JJ 48378 441 13 area area NN 48378 441 14 , , , 48378 441 15 ( ( -LRB- 48378 441 16 2 2 LS 48378 441 17 ) ) -RRB- 48378 441 18 that that IN 48378 441 19 the the DT 48378 441 20 throat throat NN 48378 441 21 be be VB 48378 441 22 correctly correctly RB 48378 441 23 constructed construct VBN 48378 441 24 and and CC 48378 441 25 have have VB 48378 441 26 suitable suitable JJ 48378 441 27 damper damper NN 48378 441 28 , , , 48378 441 29 ( ( -LRB- 48378 441 30 3 3 LS 48378 441 31 ) ) -RRB- 48378 441 32 that that IN 48378 441 33 the the DT 48378 441 34 chimney chimney NN 48378 441 35 be be VB 48378 441 36 high high JJ 48378 441 37 enough enough RB 48378 441 38 for for IN 48378 441 39 a a DT 48378 441 40 good good JJ 48378 441 41 draft draft NN 48378 441 42 , , , 48378 441 43 ( ( -LRB- 48378 441 44 4 4 LS 48378 441 45 ) ) -RRB- 48378 441 46 that that IN 48378 441 47 the the DT 48378 441 48 shape shape NN 48378 441 49 of of IN 48378 441 50 the the DT 48378 441 51 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 441 52 be be VB 48378 441 53 such such JJ 48378 441 54 as as IN 48378 441 55 to to TO 48378 441 56 direct direct VB 48378 441 57 a a DT 48378 441 58 maximum maximum JJ 48378 441 59 amount amount NN 48378 441 60 of of IN 48378 441 61 radiated radiated JJ 48378 441 62 heat heat NN 48378 441 63 into into IN 48378 441 64 the the DT 48378 441 65 room room NN 48378 441 66 , , , 48378 441 67 and and CC 48378 441 68 ( ( -LRB- 48378 441 69 5 5 LS 48378 441 70 ) ) -RRB- 48378 441 71 that that WDT 48378 441 72 a a DT 48378 441 73 properly properly RB 48378 441 74 constructed construct VBN 48378 441 75 smoke smoke NN 48378 441 76 chamber chamber NN 48378 441 77 be be VB 48378 441 78 provided provide VBN 48378 441 79 . . . 48378 442 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 442 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 442 3 : : : 48378 442 4 Figure figure NN 48378 442 5 32.--An 32.--an CD 48378 442 6 adobe adobe NN 48378 442 7 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 442 8 of of IN 48378 442 9 the the DT 48378 442 10 Mexican mexican JJ 48378 442 11 - - HYPH 48378 442 12 Indian indian JJ 48378 442 13 type type NN 48378 442 14 commonly commonly RB 48378 442 15 built build VBN 48378 442 16 in in IN 48378 442 17 the the DT 48378 442 18 Southwestern Southwestern NNP 48378 442 19 States States NNP 48378 442 20 , , , 48378 442 21 especially especially RB 48378 442 22 when when WRB 48378 442 23 the the DT 48378 442 24 house house NN 48378 442 25 walls wall NNS 48378 442 26 are be VBP 48378 442 27 of of IN 48378 442 28 adobe adobe NNP 48378 442 29 . . . 48378 443 1 The the DT 48378 443 2 logs log NNS 48378 443 3 are be VBP 48378 443 4 stood stand VBN 48378 443 5 up up RP 48378 443 6 , , , 48378 443 7 leaning lean VBG 48378 443 8 against against IN 48378 443 9 the the DT 48378 443 10 back back NN 48378 443 11 of of IN 48378 443 12 the the DT 48378 443 13 grate grate NN 48378 443 14 , , , 48378 443 15 in in IN 48378 443 16 order order NN 48378 443 17 to to TO 48378 443 18 secure secure VB 48378 443 19 a a DT 48378 443 20 high high RB 48378 443 21 - - HYPH 48378 443 22 licking lick VBG 48378 443 23 flame flame NN 48378 443 24 . . . 48378 443 25 ] ] -RRB- 48378 444 1 DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS NNP 48378 444 2 Table Table NNP 48378 444 3 3 3 CD 48378 444 4 gives give VBZ 48378 444 5 recommended recommend VBN 48378 444 6 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 444 7 for for IN 48378 444 8 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 444 9 of of IN 48378 444 10 various various JJ 48378 444 11 widths width NNS 48378 444 12 and and CC 48378 444 13 heights height NNS 48378 444 14 . . . 48378 445 1 If if IN 48378 445 2 a a DT 48378 445 3 damper damper NN 48378 445 4 is be VBZ 48378 445 5 installed instal VBN 48378 445 6 , , , 48378 445 7 the the DT 48378 445 8 width width NN 48378 445 9 of of IN 48378 445 10 the the DT 48378 445 11 opening opening NN 48378 445 12 j j NN 48378 445 13 , , , 48378 445 14 figure figure VB 48378 445 15 34 34 CD 48378 445 16 , , , 48378 445 17 will will MD 48378 445 18 depend depend VB 48378 445 19 on on IN 48378 445 20 the the DT 48378 445 21 width width NN 48378 445 22 of of IN 48378 445 23 the the DT 48378 445 24 damper damper NN 48378 445 25 frame frame NN 48378 445 26 , , , 48378 445 27 the the DT 48378 445 28 size size NN 48378 445 29 of of IN 48378 445 30 which which WDT 48378 445 31 is be VBZ 48378 445 32 fixed fix VBN 48378 445 33 by by IN 48378 445 34 the the DT 48378 445 35 width width NN 48378 445 36 and and CC 48378 445 37 depth depth NN 48378 445 38 of of IN 48378 445 39 the the DT 48378 445 40 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 445 41 and and CC 48378 445 42 the the DT 48378 445 43 slope slope NN 48378 445 44 of of IN 48378 445 45 the the DT 48378 445 46 back back JJ 48378 445 47 wall wall NN 48378 445 48 . . . 48378 446 1 The the DT 48378 446 2 width width NN 48378 446 3 of of IN 48378 446 4 the the DT 48378 446 5 throat throat NN 48378 446 6 proper proper JJ 48378 446 7 is be VBZ 48378 446 8 determined determine VBN 48378 446 9 by by IN 48378 446 10 the the DT 48378 446 11 opening opening NN 48378 446 12 of of IN 48378 446 13 the the DT 48378 446 14 hinged hinge VBN 48378 446 15 damper damper NN 48378 446 16 cover cover NN 48378 446 17 . . . 48378 447 1 The the DT 48378 447 2 full full JJ 48378 447 3 damper damper NN 48378 447 4 opening opening NN 48378 447 5 should should MD 48378 447 6 never never RB 48378 447 7 be be VB 48378 447 8 less less JJR 48378 447 9 than than IN 48378 447 10 the the DT 48378 447 11 flue flue JJ 48378 447 12 area area NN 48378 447 13 . . . 48378 448 1 Responsible responsible JJ 48378 448 2 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 48378 448 3 of of IN 48378 448 4 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 448 5 equipment equipment NN 48378 448 6 give give VBP 48378 448 7 valuable valuable JJ 48378 448 8 assistance assistance NN 48378 448 9 in in IN 48378 448 10 the the DT 48378 448 11 selection selection NN 48378 448 12 of of IN 48378 448 13 a a DT 48378 448 14 suitable suitable JJ 48378 448 15 damper damper NN 48378 448 16 for for IN 48378 448 17 a a DT 48378 448 18 given give VBN 48378 448 19 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 448 20 . . . 48378 449 1 A a DT 48378 449 2 well well RB 48378 449 3 - - HYPH 48378 449 4 designed design VBN 48378 449 5 and and CC 48378 449 6 well well RB 48378 449 7 - - HYPH 48378 449 8 installed instal VBN 48378 449 9 damper damper NN 48378 449 10 should should MD 48378 449 11 be be VB 48378 449 12 regarded regard VBN 48378 449 13 as as IN 48378 449 14 essential essential JJ 48378 449 15 in in IN 48378 449 16 cold cold JJ 48378 449 17 climates climate NNS 48378 449 18 . . . 48378 450 1 When when WRB 48378 450 2 no no DT 48378 450 3 damper damper NN 48378 450 4 is be VBZ 48378 450 5 used use VBN 48378 450 6 , , , 48378 450 7 the the DT 48378 450 8 throat throat NN 48378 450 9 opening opening NN 48378 450 10 j j NNP 48378 450 11 should should MD 48378 450 12 be be VB 48378 450 13 4 4 CD 48378 450 14 inches inch NNS 48378 450 15 for for IN 48378 450 16 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 450 17 not not RB 48378 450 18 exceeding exceed VBG 48378 450 19 4 4 CD 48378 450 20 feet foot NNS 48378 450 21 in in IN 48378 450 22 height height NN 48378 450 23 . . . 48378 451 1 Table table NN 48378 451 2 3.--_Recommended 3.--_recommended JJ 48378 451 3 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 451 4 for for IN 48378 451 5 finished finished JJ 48378 451 6 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 451 7 _ _ NNP 48378 451 8 [ [ -LRB- 48378 451 9 Letters letter NNS 48378 451 10 at at IN 48378 451 11 heads head NNS 48378 451 12 of of IN 48378 451 13 columns column NNS 48378 451 14 refer refer VBP 48378 451 15 to to TO 48378 451 16 figure figure VB 48378 451 17 34 34 CD 48378 451 18 ] ] -RRB- 48378 451 19 Table Table NNP 48378 451 20 Key Key NNP 48378 451 21 _ _ NNP 48378 451 22 w w NNP 48378 451 23 _ _ NNP 48378 451 24 Opening Opening NNP 48378 451 25 Width Width NNP 48378 451 26 _ _ NNP 48378 451 27 h h NN 48378 451 28 _ _ NNP 48378 451 29 " " `` 48378 451 30 Height Height NNP 48378 451 31 _ _ NNP 48378 451 32 d d NNP 48378 451 33 _ _ NNP 48378 451 34 Depth Depth NNP 48378 451 35 _ _ NNP 48378 451 36 c c NNP 48378 451 37 _ _ NNP 48378 451 38 Minimum Minimum NNP 48378 451 39 back back NN 48378 451 40 ( ( -LRB- 48378 451 41 horizontal horizontal JJ 48378 451 42 ) ) -RRB- 48378 451 43 _ _ NNP 48378 451 44 a a DT 48378 451 45 _ _ NNP 48378 451 46 Vertical Vertical NNP 48378 451 47 back back NN 48378 451 48 wall wall NN 48378 451 49 _ _ NNP 48378 451 50 b b NNP 48378 451 51 _ _ NNP 48378 451 52 Inclined Inclined NNP 48378 451 53 " " '' 48378 451 54 " " `` 48378 451 55 _ _ NNP 48378 451 56 o o NNP 48378 451 57 _ _ NNP 48378 451 58 Outside Outside NNP 48378 451 59 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 451 60 of of IN 48378 451 61 standard standard JJ 48378 451 62 flue flue JJ 48378 451 63 lining lining NN 48378 451 64 _ _ NNP 48378 451 65 i i PRP 48378 451 66 _ _ NNP 48378 451 67 Inside Inside NNP 48378 451 68 diameter diameter NN 48378 451 69 of of IN 48378 451 70 standard standard JJ 48378 451 71 round round JJ 48378 451 72 flue flue JJ 48378 451 73 lining lining NN 48378 451 74 _ _ NNP 48378 451 75 w w NNP 48378 451 76 _ _ NNP 48378 451 77 _ _ NNP 48378 451 78 h h NNP 48378 451 79 _ _ NNP 48378 451 80 _ _ NNP 48378 451 81 d d NNP 48378 451 82 _ _ NNP 48378 451 83 _ _ NNP 48378 451 84 c c NNP 48378 451 85 _ _ NNP 48378 451 86 _ _ NNP 48378 451 87 a a DT 48378 451 88 _ _ NNP 48378 451 89 _ _ NNP 48378 451 90 b b NNP 48378 451 91 _ _ NNP 48378 451 92 _ _ NNP 48378 451 93 o o XX 48378 451 94 _ _ NNP 48378 451 95 _ _ NNP 48378 451 96 i i PRP 48378 451 97 _ _ NNP 48378 451 98 ------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+------- ------+-------+--------+-------+-------+-------+--------+------- NN 48378 451 99 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 100 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 101 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 102 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 103 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 104 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 105 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 106 Inches Inches NNP 48378 451 107 24 24 CD 48378 451 108 24 24 CD 48378 451 109 16 16 CD 48378 451 110 - - SYM 48378 451 111 18 18 CD 48378 451 112 14 14 CD 48378 451 113 14 14 CD 48378 451 114 16 16 CD 48378 451 115 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 116 by by IN 48378 451 117 8½ 8½ NNP 48378 451 118 10 10 CD 48378 451 119 28 28 CD 48378 451 120 24 24 CD 48378 451 121 16 16 CD 48378 451 122 - - SYM 48378 451 123 18 18 CD 48378 451 124 14 14 CD 48378 451 125 14 14 CD 48378 451 126 16 16 CD 48378 451 127 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 128 by by IN 48378 451 129 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 130 10 10 CD 48378 451 131 24 24 CD 48378 451 132 28 28 CD 48378 451 133 16 16 CD 48378 451 134 - - SYM 48378 451 135 18 18 CD 48378 451 136 14 14 CD 48378 451 137 14 14 CD 48378 451 138 20 20 CD 48378 451 139 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 140 by by IN 48378 451 141 8½ 8½ NNP 48378 451 142 10 10 CD 48378 451 143 30 30 CD 48378 451 144 28 28 CD 48378 451 145 16 16 CD 48378 451 146 - - SYM 48378 451 147 18 18 CD 48378 451 148 16 16 CD 48378 451 149 14 14 CD 48378 451 150 20 20 CD 48378 451 151 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 152 by by IN 48378 451 153 13 13 CD 48378 451 154 10 10 CD 48378 451 155 36 36 CD 48378 451 156 28 28 CD 48378 451 157 16 16 CD 48378 451 158 - - SYM 48378 451 159 18 18 CD 48378 451 160 22 22 CD 48378 451 161 14 14 CD 48378 451 162 20 20 CD 48378 451 163 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 164 by by IN 48378 451 165 13 13 CD 48378 451 166 12 12 CD 48378 451 167 42 42 CD 48378 451 168 28 28 CD 48378 451 169 16 16 CD 48378 451 170 - - SYM 48378 451 171 18 18 CD 48378 451 172 28 28 CD 48378 451 173 14 14 CD 48378 451 174 20 20 CD 48378 451 175 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 176 by by IN 48378 451 177 18 18 CD 48378 451 178 12 12 CD 48378 451 179 36 36 CD 48378 451 180 32 32 CD 48378 451 181 18 18 CD 48378 451 182 - - SYM 48378 451 183 20 20 CD 48378 451 184 20 20 CD 48378 451 185 14 14 CD 48378 451 186 24 24 CD 48378 451 187 8½ 8½ CD 48378 451 188 by by IN 48378 451 189 18 18 CD 48378 451 190 12 12 CD 48378 451 191 42 42 CD 48378 451 192 32 32 CD 48378 451 193 18 18 CD 48378 451 194 - - SYM 48378 451 195 20 20 CD 48378 451 196 26 26 CD 48378 451 197 14 14 CD 48378 451 198 24 24 CD 48378 451 199 13 13 CD 48378 451 200 by by IN 48378 451 201 11 11 CD 48378 451 202 12 12 CD 48378 451 203 48 48 CD 48378 451 204 32 32 CD 48378 451 205 18 18 CD 48378 451 206 - - SYM 48378 451 207 20 20 CD 48378 451 208 32 32 CD 48378 451 209 11 11 CD 48378 451 210 24 24 CD 48378 451 211 13 13 CD 48378 451 212 by by IN 48378 451 213 13 13 CD 48378 451 214 15 15 CD 48378 451 215 42 42 CD 48378 451 216 36 36 CD 48378 451 217 18 18 CD 48378 451 218 - - SYM 48378 451 219 20 20 CD 48378 451 220 26 26 CD 48378 451 221 11 11 CD 48378 451 222 28 28 CD 48378 451 223 13 13 CD 48378 451 224 by by IN 48378 451 225 13 13 CD 48378 451 226 15 15 CD 48378 451 227 48 48 CD 48378 451 228 36 36 CD 48378 451 229 18 18 CD 48378 451 230 - - SYM 48378 451 231 20 20 CD 48378 451 232 32 32 CD 48378 451 233 14 14 CD 48378 451 234 28 28 CD 48378 451 235 13 13 CD 48378 451 236 by by IN 48378 451 237 18 18 CD 48378 451 238 15 15 CD 48378 451 239 54 54 CD 48378 451 240 36 36 CD 48378 451 241 18 18 CD 48378 451 242 - - SYM 48378 451 243 20 20 CD 48378 451 244 38 38 CD 48378 451 245 14 14 CD 48378 451 246 28 28 CD 48378 451 247 13 13 CD 48378 451 248 by by IN 48378 451 249 18 18 CD 48378 451 250 15 15 CD 48378 451 251 60 60 CD 48378 451 252 36 36 CD 48378 451 253 18 18 CD 48378 451 254 - - SYM 48378 451 255 20 20 CD 48378 451 256 44 44 CD 48378 451 257 14 14 CD 48378 451 258 28 28 CD 48378 451 259 13 13 CD 48378 451 260 by by IN 48378 451 261 18 18 CD 48378 451 262 15 15 CD 48378 451 263 42 42 CD 48378 451 264 40 40 CD 48378 451 265 20 20 CD 48378 451 266 - - SYM 48378 451 267 22 22 CD 48378 451 268 24 24 CD 48378 451 269 17 17 CD 48378 451 270 29 29 CD 48378 451 271 13 13 CD 48378 451 272 by by IN 48378 451 273 13 13 CD 48378 451 274 15 15 CD 48378 451 275 48 48 CD 48378 451 276 40 40 CD 48378 451 277 20 20 CD 48378 451 278 - - SYM 48378 451 279 22 22 CD 48378 451 280 30 30 CD 48378 451 281 17 17 CD 48378 451 282 29 29 CD 48378 451 283 13 13 CD 48378 451 284 by by IN 48378 451 285 18 18 CD 48378 451 286 15 15 CD 48378 451 287 54 54 CD 48378 451 288 40 40 CD 48378 451 289 20 20 CD 48378 451 290 - - SYM 48378 451 291 22 22 CD 48378 451 292 36 36 CD 48378 451 293 17 17 CD 48378 451 294 29 29 CD 48378 451 295 13 13 CD 48378 451 296 by by IN 48378 451 297 18 18 CD 48378 451 298 15 15 CD 48378 451 299 60 60 CD 48378 451 300 40 40 CD 48378 451 301 20 20 CD 48378 451 302 - - SYM 48378 451 303 22 22 CD 48378 451 304 42 42 CD 48378 451 305 17 17 CD 48378 451 306 29 29 CD 48378 451 307 18 18 CD 48378 451 308 by by IN 48378 451 309 18 18 CD 48378 451 310 18 18 CD 48378 451 311 66 66 CD 48378 451 312 40 40 CD 48378 451 313 20 20 CD 48378 451 314 - - SYM 48378 451 315 22 22 CD 48378 451 316 48 48 CD 48378 451 317 17 17 CD 48378 451 318 29 29 CD 48378 451 319 18 18 CD 48378 451 320 by by IN 48378 451 321 13 13 CD 48378 451 322 18 18 CD 48378 451 323 72 72 CD 48378 451 324 40 40 CD 48378 451 325 22 22 CD 48378 451 326 - - SYM 48378 451 327 28 28 CD 48378 451 328 51 51 CD 48378 451 329 17 17 CD 48378 451 330 29 29 CD 48378 451 331 18 18 CD 48378 451 332 by by IN 48378 451 333 18 18 CD 48378 451 334 18 18 CD 48378 451 335 [ [ -LRB- 48378 451 336 Illustration illustration NN 48378 451 337 : : : 48378 451 338 Figure figure NN 48378 451 339 33.--In 33.--in CD 48378 451 340 regions region NNS 48378 451 341 where where WRB 48378 451 342 natural natural JJ 48378 451 343 gas gas NN 48378 451 344 is be VBZ 48378 451 345 plentiful plentiful JJ 48378 451 346 and and CC 48378 451 347 in in IN 48378 451 348 cities city NNS 48378 451 349 , , , 48378 451 350 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 451 351 of of IN 48378 451 352 this this DT 48378 451 353 type type NN 48378 451 354 , , , 48378 451 355 burning burn VBG 48378 451 356 gas gas NN 48378 451 357 with with IN 48378 451 358 a a DT 48378 451 359 flickering flickering JJ 48378 451 360 flame flame NN 48378 451 361 , , , 48378 451 362 are be VBP 48378 451 363 frequently frequently RB 48378 451 364 used use VBN 48378 451 365 as as IN 48378 451 366 an an DT 48378 451 367 auxiliary auxiliary NN 48378 451 368 to to IN 48378 451 369 the the DT 48378 451 370 main main JJ 48378 451 371 heating heating NN 48378 451 372 plant plant NN 48378 451 373 . . . 48378 452 1 Some some DT 48378 452 2 types type NNS 48378 452 3 have have VBP 48378 452 4 imitation imitation NN 48378 452 5 logs log NNS 48378 452 6 of of IN 48378 452 7 metal metal NN 48378 452 8 perforated perforate VBN 48378 452 9 for for IN 48378 452 10 gas gas NN 48378 452 11 jets jet NNS 48378 452 12 . . . 48378 452 13 ] ] -RRB- 48378 453 1 Footings Footings NNP 48378 453 2 Footings Footings NNP 48378 453 3 for for IN 48378 453 4 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 453 5 with with IN 48378 453 6 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 453 7 should should MD 48378 453 8 be be VB 48378 453 9 provided provide VBN 48378 453 10 as as IN 48378 453 11 described describe VBN 48378 453 12 on on IN 48378 453 13 page page NN 48378 453 14 7 7 CD 48378 453 15 ; ; : 48378 453 16 for for IN 48378 453 17 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 453 18 without without IN 48378 453 19 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 453 20 , , , 48378 453 21 the the DT 48378 453 22 footings footing NNS 48378 453 23 should should MD 48378 453 24 rest rest VB 48378 453 25 on on IN 48378 453 26 good good JJ 48378 453 27 firm firm NN 48378 453 28 soil soil NN 48378 453 29 . . . 48378 454 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 454 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 454 3 : : : 48378 454 4 Figure figure NN 48378 454 5 34.--A 34.--a CD 48378 454 6 typical typical JJ 48378 454 7 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 454 8 , , , 48378 454 9 illustrating illustrate VBG 48378 454 10 practical practical JJ 48378 454 11 details detail NNS 48378 454 12 of of IN 48378 454 13 construction construction NN 48378 454 14 . . . 48378 455 1 An an DT 48378 455 2 alternate alternate JJ 48378 455 3 method method NN 48378 455 4 of of IN 48378 455 5 supporting support VBG 48378 455 6 the the DT 48378 455 7 hearth hearth NN 48378 455 8 is be VBZ 48378 455 9 shown show VBN 48378 455 10 in in IN 48378 455 11 the the DT 48378 455 12 lower low JJR 48378 455 13 right right JJ 48378 455 14 - - HYPH 48378 455 15 hand hand NN 48378 455 16 corner corner NN 48378 455 17 . . . 48378 456 1 The the DT 48378 456 2 various various JJ 48378 456 3 letters letter NNS 48378 456 4 refer refer VBP 48378 456 5 to to IN 48378 456 6 specific specific JJ 48378 456 7 features feature NNS 48378 456 8 discussed discuss VBN 48378 456 9 in in IN 48378 456 10 the the DT 48378 456 11 text text NN 48378 456 12 . . . 48378 456 13 ] ] -RRB- 48378 457 1 Hearth Hearth NNP 48378 457 2 The the DT 48378 457 3 hearth hearth NN 48378 457 4 should should MD 48378 457 5 be be VB 48378 457 6 about about IN 48378 457 7 flush flush JJ 48378 457 8 with with IN 48378 457 9 the the DT 48378 457 10 floor floor NN 48378 457 11 , , , 48378 457 12 for for IN 48378 457 13 sweepings sweeping NNS 48378 457 14 may may MD 48378 457 15 then then RB 48378 457 16 be be VB 48378 457 17 brushed brush VBN 48378 457 18 into into IN 48378 457 19 the the DT 48378 457 20 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 457 21 . . . 48378 458 1 When when WRB 48378 458 2 there there EX 48378 458 3 is be VBZ 48378 458 4 a a DT 48378 458 5 basement basement NN 48378 458 6 , , , 48378 458 7 an an DT 48378 458 8 ash ash NN 48378 458 9 dump dump NN 48378 458 10 located locate VBN 48378 458 11 in in IN 48378 458 12 the the DT 48378 458 13 hearth hearth NN 48378 458 14 near near IN 48378 458 15 the the DT 48378 458 16 back back NN 48378 458 17 of of IN 48378 458 18 the the DT 48378 458 19 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 458 20 is be VBZ 48378 458 21 convenient convenient JJ 48378 458 22 . . . 48378 459 1 The the DT 48378 459 2 dump dump NN 48378 459 3 consists consist VBZ 48378 459 4 of of IN 48378 459 5 a a DT 48378 459 6 metal metal NN 48378 459 7 frame frame NN 48378 459 8 about about RB 48378 459 9 5 5 CD 48378 459 10 by by IN 48378 459 11 8 8 CD 48378 459 12 inches inch NNS 48378 459 13 in in IN 48378 459 14 size size NN 48378 459 15 , , , 48378 459 16 with with IN 48378 459 17 a a DT 48378 459 18 plate plate NN 48378 459 19 , , , 48378 459 20 generally generally RB 48378 459 21 pivoted pivot VBN 48378 459 22 , , , 48378 459 23 through through IN 48378 459 24 which which WDT 48378 459 25 ashes ashe NNS 48378 459 26 can can MD 48378 459 27 be be VB 48378 459 28 dropped drop VBN 48378 459 29 into into IN 48378 459 30 a a DT 48378 459 31 pit pit NN 48378 459 32 below below IN 48378 459 33 ( ( -LRB- 48378 459 34 fig fig NN 48378 459 35 . . . 48378 460 1 35 35 CD 48378 460 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 460 3 . . . 48378 461 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 461 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 461 3 : : : 48378 461 4 Figure figure VB 48378 461 5 35.--The 35.--the CD 48378 461 6 ash ash NN 48378 461 7 - - HYPH 48378 461 8 pit pit NN 48378 461 9 should should MD 48378 461 10 be be VB 48378 461 11 of of IN 48378 461 12 tight tight JJ 48378 461 13 masonry masonry NN 48378 461 14 and and CC 48378 461 15 should should MD 48378 461 16 be be VB 48378 461 17 provided provide VBN 48378 461 18 with with IN 48378 461 19 a a DT 48378 461 20 tightly tightly RB 48378 461 21 fitting fitting JJ 48378 461 22 iron iron NN 48378 461 23 clean clean NN 48378 461 24 - - HYPH 48378 461 25 out out RP 48378 461 26 door door NN 48378 461 27 and and CC 48378 461 28 frame frame NN 48378 461 29 about about RB 48378 461 30 10 10 CD 48378 461 31 by by IN 48378 461 32 12 12 CD 48378 461 33 inches inch NNS 48378 461 34 in in IN 48378 461 35 size size NN 48378 461 36 . . . 48378 462 1 A a DT 48378 462 2 clean clean NN 48378 462 3 - - HYPH 48378 462 4 out out NN 48378 462 5 for for IN 48378 462 6 the the DT 48378 462 7 furnace furnace NN 48378 462 8 flue flue NN 48378 462 9 as as IN 48378 462 10 shown show VBN 48378 462 11 is be VBZ 48378 462 12 sometimes sometimes RB 48378 462 13 provided provide VBN 48378 462 14 . . . 48378 462 15 ] ] -RRB- 48378 463 1 In in IN 48378 463 2 buildings building NNS 48378 463 3 with with IN 48378 463 4 wooden wooden JJ 48378 463 5 floors floor NNS 48378 463 6 the the DT 48378 463 7 hearth hearth NNP 48378 463 8 in in IN 48378 463 9 front front NN 48378 463 10 of of IN 48378 463 11 the the DT 48378 463 12 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 463 13 should should MD 48378 463 14 be be VB 48378 463 15 supported support VBN 48378 463 16 by by IN 48378 463 17 masonry masonry NNP 48378 463 18 trimmer trimmer NNP 48378 463 19 arches arch NNS 48378 463 20 ( ( -LRB- 48378 463 21 fig fig VB 48378 463 22 . . . 48378 464 1 34 34 CD 48378 464 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 464 3 or or CC 48378 464 4 other other JJ 48378 464 5 fire fire NN 48378 464 6 - - HYPH 48378 464 7 resistant resistant JJ 48378 464 8 construction construction NN 48378 464 9 . . . 48378 465 1 Hearths hearth NNS 48378 465 2 should should MD 48378 465 3 project project VB 48378 465 4 at at RB 48378 465 5 least least RBS 48378 465 6 16 16 CD 48378 465 7 inches inch NNS 48378 465 8 from from IN 48378 465 9 the the DT 48378 465 10 chimney chimney NNP 48378 465 11 breast breast NN 48378 465 12 and and CC 48378 465 13 should should MD 48378 465 14 be be VB 48378 465 15 of of IN 48378 465 16 brick brick NN 48378 465 17 , , , 48378 465 18 stone stone NN 48378 465 19 , , , 48378 465 20 terra terra NNP 48378 465 21 cotta cotta NNP 48378 465 22 , , , 48378 465 23 or or CC 48378 465 24 reinforced reinforce VBN 48378 465 25 concrete concrete NN 48378 465 26 not not RB 48378 465 27 less less JJR 48378 465 28 than than IN 48378 465 29 4 4 CD 48378 465 30 inches inch NNS 48378 465 31 thick thick JJ 48378 465 32 . . . 48378 466 1 The the DT 48378 466 2 length length NN 48378 466 3 of of IN 48378 466 4 the the DT 48378 466 5 hearth hearth NN 48378 466 6 should should MD 48378 466 7 be be VB 48378 466 8 not not RB 48378 466 9 less less JJR 48378 466 10 than than IN 48378 466 11 the the DT 48378 466 12 width width NN 48378 466 13 of of IN 48378 466 14 the the DT 48378 466 15 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 466 16 opening opening NN 48378 466 17 plus plus CC 48378 466 18 16 16 CD 48378 466 19 inches inch NNS 48378 466 20 . . . 48378 467 1 Wooden wooden JJ 48378 467 2 centering center VBG 48378 467 3 under under IN 48378 467 4 trimmer trimmer NN 48378 467 5 arches arch NNS 48378 467 6 may may MD 48378 467 7 be be VB 48378 467 8 removed remove VBN 48378 467 9 after after IN 48378 467 10 the the DT 48378 467 11 mortar mortar NN 48378 467 12 has have VBZ 48378 467 13 set set VBN 48378 467 14 , , , 48378 467 15 though though IN 48378 467 16 it -PRON- PRP 48378 467 17 is be VBZ 48378 467 18 more more RBR 48378 467 19 frequently frequently RB 48378 467 20 left leave VBN 48378 467 21 in in IN 48378 467 22 place place NN 48378 467 23 . . . 48378 468 1 Figure figure NN 48378 468 2 36 36 CD 48378 468 3 shows show VBZ 48378 468 4 a a DT 48378 468 5 recommended recommend VBN 48378 468 6 method method NN 48378 468 7 of of IN 48378 468 8 floor floor NN 48378 468 9 framing frame VBG 48378 468 10 around around IN 48378 468 11 a a DT 48378 468 12 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 468 13 . . . 48378 469 1 Wall Wall NNP 48378 469 2 Thickness Thickness NNP 48378 469 3 The the DT 48378 469 4 walls wall NNS 48378 469 5 of of IN 48378 469 6 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 469 7 should should MD 48378 469 8 never never RB 48378 469 9 be be VB 48378 469 10 less less JJR 48378 469 11 than than IN 48378 469 12 8 8 CD 48378 469 13 inches inch NNS 48378 469 14 thick thick JJ 48378 469 15 , , , 48378 469 16 and and CC 48378 469 17 if if IN 48378 469 18 of of IN 48378 469 19 stone stone NN 48378 469 20 they -PRON- PRP 48378 469 21 should should MD 48378 469 22 be be VB 48378 469 23 at at RB 48378 469 24 least least RBS 48378 469 25 12 12 CD 48378 469 26 inches inch NNS 48378 469 27 thick thick JJ 48378 469 28 . . . 48378 470 1 When when WRB 48378 470 2 built build VBN 48378 470 3 of of IN 48378 470 4 stone stone NN 48378 470 5 or or CC 48378 470 6 hard hard RB 48378 470 7 - - HYPH 48378 470 8 burned burn VBN 48378 470 9 brick brick NN 48378 470 10 , , , 48378 470 11 the the DT 48378 470 12 back back NN 48378 470 13 and and CC 48378 470 14 sides side NNS 48378 470 15 are be VBP 48378 470 16 often often RB 48378 470 17 not not RB 48378 470 18 lined line VBN 48378 470 19 with with IN 48378 470 20 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 470 21 , , , 48378 470 22 but but CC 48378 470 23 it -PRON- PRP 48378 470 24 is be VBZ 48378 470 25 better well JJR 48378 470 26 to to TO 48378 470 27 use use VB 48378 470 28 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 470 29 laid lay VBN 48378 470 30 in in IN 48378 470 31 fire fire NN 48378 470 32 - - HYPH 48378 470 33 clay clay NN 48378 470 34 . . . 48378 471 1 When when WRB 48378 471 2 firebricks firebrick NNS 48378 471 3 are be VBP 48378 471 4 laid lay VBN 48378 471 5 fiat fiat NNP 48378 471 6 with with IN 48378 471 7 the the DT 48378 471 8 long long JJ 48378 471 9 sides side NNS 48378 471 10 exposed expose VBN 48378 471 11 there there RB 48378 471 12 is be VBZ 48378 471 13 less less JJR 48378 471 14 danger danger NN 48378 471 15 of of IN 48378 471 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 471 17 falling fall VBG 48378 471 18 out out RP 48378 471 19 . . . 48378 472 1 They -PRON- PRP 48378 472 2 are be VBP 48378 472 3 generally generally RB 48378 472 4 placed place VBN 48378 472 5 on on IN 48378 472 6 edge edge NN 48378 472 7 , , , 48378 472 8 however however RB 48378 472 9 , , , 48378 472 10 forming form VBG 48378 472 11 a a DT 48378 472 12 2-inch 2-inch CD 48378 472 13 protection protection NN 48378 472 14 , , , 48378 472 15 in in IN 48378 472 16 which which WDT 48378 472 17 case case NN 48378 472 18 metal metal NN 48378 472 19 ties tie NNS 48378 472 20 should should MD 48378 472 21 be be VB 48378 472 22 built build VBN 48378 472 23 into into IN 48378 472 24 the the DT 48378 472 25 main main JJ 48378 472 26 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 472 27 to to TO 48378 472 28 hold hold VB 48378 472 29 the the DT 48378 472 30 2-inch 2-inch CD 48378 472 31 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 472 32 veneer veneer NN 48378 472 33 in in IN 48378 472 34 place place NN 48378 472 35 . . . 48378 473 1 Thick thick JJ 48378 473 2 metal metal NN 48378 473 3 backs back NNS 48378 473 4 and and CC 48378 473 5 sides side NNS 48378 473 6 are be VBP 48378 473 7 sometimes sometimes RB 48378 473 8 used use VBN 48378 473 9 as as IN 48378 473 10 lining lining NN 48378 473 11 . . . 48378 474 1 When when WRB 48378 474 2 a a DT 48378 474 3 grate grate NN 48378 474 4 for for IN 48378 474 5 burning burn VBG 48378 474 6 coal coal NN 48378 474 7 or or CC 48378 474 8 coke coke NN 48378 474 9 is be VBZ 48378 474 10 built build VBN 48378 474 11 in in IN 48378 474 12 , , , 48378 474 13 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 474 14 at at RB 48378 474 15 least least JJS 48378 474 16 2 2 CD 48378 474 17 inches inch NNS 48378 474 18 thick thick JJ 48378 474 19 should should MD 48378 474 20 be be VB 48378 474 21 added add VBN 48378 474 22 to to IN 48378 474 23 the the DT 48378 474 24 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 474 25 back back RB 48378 474 26 unless unless IN 48378 474 27 the the DT 48378 474 28 grate grate NN 48378 474 29 has have VBZ 48378 474 30 a a DT 48378 474 31 solid solid JJ 48378 474 32 iron iron NN 48378 474 33 back back RB 48378 474 34 and and CC 48378 474 35 is be VBZ 48378 474 36 only only RB 48378 474 37 set set VBN 48378 474 38 in in RP 48378 474 39 with with IN 48378 474 40 an an DT 48378 474 41 air air NN 48378 474 42 space space NN 48378 474 43 behind behind IN 48378 474 44 it -PRON- PRP 48378 474 45 ( ( -LRB- 48378 474 46 fig fig NN 48378 474 47 . . . 48378 475 1 37 37 CD 48378 475 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 475 3 . . . 48378 476 1 Jambs Jambs NNP 48378 476 2 The the DT 48378 476 3 jambs jamb NNS 48378 476 4 should should MD 48378 476 5 be be VB 48378 476 6 wide wide JJ 48378 476 7 enough enough RB 48378 476 8 to to TO 48378 476 9 give give VB 48378 476 10 stability stability NN 48378 476 11 and and CC 48378 476 12 a a DT 48378 476 13 pleasing pleasing JJ 48378 476 14 appearance appearance NN 48378 476 15 ; ; : 48378 476 16 they -PRON- PRP 48378 476 17 are be VBP 48378 476 18 frequently frequently RB 48378 476 19 faced face VBN 48378 476 20 with with IN 48378 476 21 ornamental ornamental JJ 48378 476 22 brick brick NN 48378 476 23 or or CC 48378 476 24 tile tile NN 48378 476 25 . . . 48378 477 1 For for IN 48378 477 2 an an DT 48378 477 3 opening opening NN 48378 477 4 3 3 CD 48378 477 5 feet foot NNS 48378 477 6 wide wide JJ 48378 477 7 or or CC 48378 477 8 less less JJR 48378 477 9 , , , 48378 477 10 a a DT 48378 477 11 12- 12- NNP 48378 477 12 or or CC 48378 477 13 16-inch 16-inch CD 48378 477 14 width width NN 48378 477 15 is be VBZ 48378 477 16 generally generally RB 48378 477 17 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 477 18 , , , 48378 477 19 depending depend VBG 48378 477 20 on on IN 48378 477 21 whether whether IN 48378 477 22 a a DT 48378 477 23 wood wood NN 48378 477 24 mantel mantel NN 48378 477 25 is be VBZ 48378 477 26 used use VBN 48378 477 27 or or CC 48378 477 28 the the DT 48378 477 29 jambs jamb NNS 48378 477 30 are be VBP 48378 477 31 of of IN 48378 477 32 exposed expose VBN 48378 477 33 masonry masonry NN 48378 477 34 . . . 48378 478 1 The the DT 48378 478 2 edges edge NNS 48378 478 3 of of IN 48378 478 4 a a DT 48378 478 5 wood wood NN 48378 478 6 mantel mantel NN 48378 478 7 should should MD 48378 478 8 be be VB 48378 478 9 kept keep VBN 48378 478 10 at at RB 48378 478 11 least least RBS 48378 478 12 8 8 CD 48378 478 13 inches inch NNS 48378 478 14 from from IN 48378 478 15 the the DT 48378 478 16 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 478 17 opening opening NN 48378 478 18 . . . 48378 479 1 For for IN 48378 479 2 wider wide JJR 48378 479 3 openings opening NNS 48378 479 4 and and CC 48378 479 5 large large JJ 48378 479 6 rooms room NNS 48378 479 7 , , , 48378 479 8 similar similar JJ 48378 479 9 proportions proportion NNS 48378 479 10 should should MD 48378 479 11 be be VB 48378 479 12 kept keep VBN 48378 479 13 . . . 48378 480 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 480 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 480 3 : : : 48378 480 4 Figure figure NN 48378 480 5 36.--Where 36.--where CD 48378 480 6 a a DT 48378 480 7 header header NN 48378 480 8 is be VBZ 48378 480 9 more more JJR 48378 480 10 than than IN 48378 480 11 4 4 CD 48378 480 12 feet foot NNS 48378 480 13 in in IN 48378 480 14 length length NN 48378 480 15 , , , 48378 480 16 it -PRON- PRP 48378 480 17 should should MD 48378 480 18 be be VB 48378 480 19 doubled double VBN 48378 480 20 , , , 48378 480 21 as as IN 48378 480 22 shown show VBN 48378 480 23 . . . 48378 481 1 Headers header NNS 48378 481 2 supporting support VBG 48378 481 3 more more JJR 48378 481 4 than than IN 48378 481 5 four four CD 48378 481 6 tail tail NN 48378 481 7 beams beam NNS 48378 481 8 should should MD 48378 481 9 have have VB 48378 481 10 ends end NNS 48378 481 11 supported support VBN 48378 481 12 in in IN 48378 481 13 metal metal NN 48378 481 14 joist joist NN 48378 481 15 hangers hanger NNS 48378 481 16 . . . 48378 482 1 The the DT 48378 482 2 framing framing NN 48378 482 3 may may MD 48378 482 4 be be VB 48378 482 5 placed place VBN 48378 482 6 one one CD 48378 482 7 - - HYPH 48378 482 8 half half NN 48378 482 9 inch inch NN 48378 482 10 from from IN 48378 482 11 the the DT 48378 482 12 chimney chimney NN 48378 482 13 because because IN 48378 482 14 the the DT 48378 482 15 masonry masonry NN 48378 482 16 is be VBZ 48378 482 17 8 8 CD 48378 482 18 inches inch NNS 48378 482 19 thick thick JJ 48378 482 20 . . . 48378 482 21 ] ] -RRB- 48378 483 1 Lintel Lintel NNP 48378 483 2 Lintels Lintels NNPS 48378 483 3 of of IN 48378 483 4 ½- ½- NN 48378 483 5 by by IN 48378 483 6 3-inch 3-inch CD 48378 483 7 flat flat JJ 48378 483 8 iron iron NN 48378 483 9 bars bar NNS 48378 483 10 . . . 48378 484 1 3½- 3½- CD 48378 484 2 by by IN 48378 484 3 3¼- 3¼- CD 48378 484 4 by by IN 48378 484 5 ¼-inch ¼-inch JJ 48378 484 6 angle angle NN 48378 484 7 irons iron NNS 48378 484 8 , , , 48378 484 9 or or CC 48378 484 10 damper damper NN 48378 484 11 frames frame NNS 48378 484 12 are be VBP 48378 484 13 used use VBN 48378 484 14 to to TO 48378 484 15 support support VB 48378 484 16 the the DT 48378 484 17 masonry masonry NN 48378 484 18 over over IN 48378 484 19 the the DT 48378 484 20 opening opening NN 48378 484 21 of of IN 48378 484 22 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 484 23 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 484 24 . . . 48378 485 1 Heavier heavy JJR 48378 485 2 lintel lintel NNP 48378 485 3 irons iron NNS 48378 485 4 are be VBP 48378 485 5 required require VBN 48378 485 6 for for IN 48378 485 7 wider wide JJR 48378 485 8 openings opening NNS 48378 485 9 . . . 48378 486 1 Where where WRB 48378 486 2 a a DT 48378 486 3 masonry masonry NN 48378 486 4 arch arch NN 48378 486 5 ( ( -LRB- 48378 486 6 fig fig NN 48378 486 7 . . . 48378 487 1 38 38 CD 48378 487 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 487 3 is be VBZ 48378 487 4 used use VBN 48378 487 5 over over IN 48378 487 6 the the DT 48378 487 7 opening opening NN 48378 487 8 , , , 48378 487 9 the the DT 48378 487 10 jambs jamb NNS 48378 487 11 should should MD 48378 487 12 be be VB 48378 487 13 heavy heavy JJ 48378 487 14 enough enough RB 48378 487 15 to to TO 48378 487 16 resist resist VB 48378 487 17 the the DT 48378 487 18 thrust thrust NN 48378 487 19 of of IN 48378 487 20 the the DT 48378 487 21 arch arch NN 48378 487 22 . . . 48378 488 1 Arches arch NNS 48378 488 2 over over IN 48378 488 3 openings opening NNS 48378 488 4 less less JJR 48378 488 5 than than IN 48378 488 6 4 4 CD 48378 488 7 feet foot NNS 48378 488 8 wide wide JJ 48378 488 9 seldom seldom RB 48378 488 10 sag sag VBP 48378 488 11 , , , 48378 488 12 but but CC 48378 488 13 sagging sagging NN 48378 488 14 is be VBZ 48378 488 15 not not RB 48378 488 16 uncommon uncommon JJ 48378 488 17 in in IN 48378 488 18 wider wide JJR 48378 488 19 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 488 20 , , , 48378 488 21 especially especially RB 48378 488 22 where where WRB 48378 488 23 massive massive JJ 48378 488 24 masonry masonry NN 48378 488 25 is be VBZ 48378 488 26 used use VBN 48378 488 27 . . . 48378 489 1 Throat Throat NNP 48378 489 2 The the DT 48378 489 3 sides side NNS 48378 489 4 of of IN 48378 489 5 the the DT 48378 489 6 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 489 7 should should MD 48378 489 8 be be VB 48378 489 9 vertical vertical JJ 48378 489 10 up up IN 48378 489 11 to to IN 48378 489 12 the the DT 48378 489 13 throat throat NN 48378 489 14 , , , 48378 489 15 or or CC 48378 489 16 damper damper NN 48378 489 17 opening opening NN 48378 489 18 ( ( -LRB- 48378 489 19 _ _ NNP 48378 489 20 ff ff NNP 48378 489 21 _ _ NNP 48378 489 22 fig fig NN 48378 489 23 . . . 48378 490 1 34 34 CD 48378 490 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 490 3 . . . 48378 491 1 The the DT 48378 491 2 throat throat NN 48378 491 3 should should MD 48378 491 4 be be VB 48378 491 5 6 6 CD 48378 491 6 to to TO 48378 491 7 8 8 CD 48378 491 8 inches inch NNS 48378 491 9 or or CC 48378 491 10 more more JJR 48378 491 11 above above IN 48378 491 12 the the DT 48378 491 13 bottom bottom NN 48378 491 14 of of IN 48378 491 15 the the DT 48378 491 16 lintel lintel NN 48378 491 17 and and CC 48378 491 18 have have VB 48378 491 19 an an DT 48378 491 20 area area NN 48378 491 21 not not RB 48378 491 22 less less JJR 48378 491 23 than than IN 48378 491 24 that that DT 48378 491 25 of of IN 48378 491 26 the the DT 48378 491 27 flue flue NN 48378 491 28 and and CC 48378 491 29 a a DT 48378 491 30 length length NN 48378 491 31 equal equal JJ 48378 491 32 to to IN 48378 491 33 the the DT 48378 491 34 width width NN 48378 491 35 of of IN 48378 491 36 the the DT 48378 491 37 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 491 38 opening opening NN 48378 491 39 . . . 48378 492 1 Starting start VBG 48378 492 2 5 5 CD 48378 492 3 inches inch NNS 48378 492 4 above above IN 48378 492 5 the the DT 48378 492 6 throat throat NN 48378 492 7 , , , 48378 492 8 _ _ NNP 48378 492 9 ee ee NNP 48378 492 10 _ _ NNP 48378 492 11 , , , 48378 492 12 the the DT 48378 492 13 sides side NNS 48378 492 14 should should MD 48378 492 15 be be VB 48378 492 16 drawn draw VBN 48378 492 17 in in RP 48378 492 18 at at IN 48378 492 19 _ _ NNP 48378 492 20 tt tt NNP 48378 492 21 _ _ NNP 48378 492 22 to to TO 48378 492 23 equal equal VB 48378 492 24 the the DT 48378 492 25 flue flue JJ 48378 492 26 area area NN 48378 492 27 . . . 48378 493 1 Proper proper JJ 48378 493 2 throat throat NN 48378 493 3 construction construction NN 48378 493 4 is be VBZ 48378 493 5 so so RB 48378 493 6 necessary necessary JJ 48378 493 7 to to IN 48378 493 8 a a DT 48378 493 9 successful successful JJ 48378 493 10 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 493 11 that that IN 48378 493 12 the the DT 48378 493 13 work work NN 48378 493 14 should should MD 48378 493 15 be be VB 48378 493 16 inspected inspect VBN 48378 493 17 several several JJ 48378 493 18 times time NNS 48378 493 19 a a DT 48378 493 20 day day NN 48378 493 21 during during IN 48378 493 22 construction construction NN 48378 493 23 to to TO 48378 493 24 make make VB 48378 493 25 certain certain JJ 48378 493 26 that that IN 48378 493 27 the the DT 48378 493 28 side side NN 48378 493 29 walls wall NNS 48378 493 30 are be VBP 48378 493 31 carried carry VBN 48378 493 32 up up RP 48378 493 33 perpendicularly perpendicularly RB 48378 493 34 until until IN 48378 493 35 the the DT 48378 493 36 throat throat NN 48378 493 37 is be VBZ 48378 493 38 passed pass VBN 48378 493 39 and and CC 48378 493 40 that that IN 48378 493 41 the the DT 48378 493 42 full full JJ 48378 493 43 length length NN 48378 493 44 of of IN 48378 493 45 opening opening NN 48378 493 46 is be VBZ 48378 493 47 provided provide VBN 48378 493 48 . . . 48378 494 1 Smoke Smoke NNP 48378 494 2 Shelf Shelf NNP 48378 494 3 and and CC 48378 494 4 Chamber Chamber NNP 48378 494 5 The the DT 48378 494 6 smoke smoke NN 48378 494 7 shelf shelf NN 48378 494 8 is be VBZ 48378 494 9 made make VBN 48378 494 10 by by IN 48378 494 11 setting set VBG 48378 494 12 the the DT 48378 494 13 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 494 14 back back RB 48378 494 15 at at IN 48378 494 16 the the DT 48378 494 17 top top NN 48378 494 18 of of IN 48378 494 19 the the DT 48378 494 20 throat throat NN 48378 494 21 to to IN 48378 494 22 the the DT 48378 494 23 line line NN 48378 494 24 of of IN 48378 494 25 the the DT 48378 494 26 flue flue JJ 48378 494 27 wall wall NN 48378 494 28 for for IN 48378 494 29 the the DT 48378 494 30 full full JJ 48378 494 31 length length NN 48378 494 32 of of IN 48378 494 33 the the DT 48378 494 34 throat throat NN 48378 494 35 . . . 48378 495 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 495 2 depth depth NN 48378 495 3 may may MD 48378 495 4 vary vary VB 48378 495 5 from from IN 48378 495 6 6 6 CD 48378 495 7 to to TO 48378 495 8 12 12 CD 48378 495 9 inches inch NNS 48378 495 10 or or CC 48378 495 11 more more JJR 48378 495 12 , , , 48378 495 13 depending depend VBG 48378 495 14 on on IN 48378 495 15 the the DT 48378 495 16 depth depth NN 48378 495 17 , , , 48378 495 18 d d NN 48378 495 19 , , , 48378 495 20 of of IN 48378 495 21 the the DT 48378 495 22 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 495 23 . . . 48378 496 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 496 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 496 3 : : : 48378 496 4 Figure figure NN 48378 496 5 37.--Grates 37.--grates CD 48378 496 6 of of IN 48378 496 7 this this DT 48378 496 8 type type NN 48378 496 9 are be VBP 48378 496 10 commonly commonly RB 48378 496 11 used use VBN 48378 496 12 in in IN 48378 496 13 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 496 14 for for IN 48378 496 15 burning burn VBG 48378 496 16 coal coal NN 48378 496 17 or or CC 48378 496 18 coke coke NN 48378 496 19 . . . 48378 497 1 This this DT 48378 497 2 one one NN 48378 497 3 has have VBZ 48378 497 4 a a DT 48378 497 5 metal metal NN 48378 497 6 back back RB 48378 497 7 and and CC 48378 497 8 ends end VBZ 48378 497 9 and and CC 48378 497 10 is be VBZ 48378 497 11 only only RB 48378 497 12 set set VBN 48378 497 13 in in RP 48378 497 14 to to TO 48378 497 15 permit permit VB 48378 497 16 proper proper JJ 48378 497 17 circulation circulation NN 48378 497 18 of of IN 48378 497 19 air air NN 48378 497 20 around around IN 48378 497 21 it -PRON- PRP 48378 497 22 . . . 48378 497 23 ] ] -RRB- 48378 498 1 The the DT 48378 498 2 smoke smoke NN 48378 498 3 chamber chamber NN 48378 498 4 is be VBZ 48378 498 5 the the DT 48378 498 6 space space NN 48378 498 7 extending extend VBG 48378 498 8 from from IN 48378 498 9 the the DT 48378 498 10 top top NN 48378 498 11 of of IN 48378 498 12 the the DT 48378 498 13 throat throat NN 48378 498 14 , , , 48378 498 15 _ _ NNP 48378 498 16 ee ee NNP 48378 498 17 _ _ NNP 48378 498 18 , , , 48378 498 19 up up IN 48378 498 20 to to IN 48378 498 21 the the DT 48378 498 22 bottom bottom NN 48378 498 23 of of IN 48378 498 24 the the DT 48378 498 25 flue flue JJ 48378 498 26 proper proper JJ 48378 498 27 , , , 48378 498 28 tt tt NNP 48378 498 29 9 9 CD 48378 498 30 and and CC 48378 498 31 between between IN 48378 498 32 the the DT 48378 498 33 side side NN 48378 498 34 walls wall NNS 48378 498 35 . . . 48378 499 1 The the DT 48378 499 2 walls wall NNS 48378 499 3 should should MD 48378 499 4 be be VB 48378 499 5 drawn draw VBN 48378 499 6 inward inward IN 48378 499 7 30 30 CD 48378 499 8 ° ° NNS 48378 499 9 to to IN 48378 499 10 the the DT 48378 499 11 vertical vertical JJ 48378 499 12 after after IN 48378 499 13 the the DT 48378 499 14 top top NN 48378 499 15 of of IN 48378 499 16 the the DT 48378 499 17 throat throat NN 48378 499 18 , , , 48378 499 19 _ _ NNP 48378 499 20 ee ee NNP 48378 499 21 _ _ NNP 48378 499 22 , , , 48378 499 23 is be VBZ 48378 499 24 passed pass VBN 48378 499 25 and and CC 48378 499 26 smoothly smoothly RB 48378 499 27 plastered plaster VBN 48378 499 28 with with IN 48378 499 29 cement cement NN 48378 499 30 mortar mortar NN 48378 499 31 not not RB 48378 499 32 less less JJR 48378 499 33 than than IN 48378 499 34 one one CD 48378 499 35 - - HYPH 48378 499 36 half half NN 48378 499 37 inch inch NN 48378 499 38 thick thick JJ 48378 499 39 . . . 48378 500 1 Damper Damper NNP 48378 500 2 A a DT 48378 500 3 properly properly RB 48378 500 4 designed design VBN 48378 500 5 damper damper NN 48378 500 6 , , , 48378 500 7 as as IN 48378 500 8 shown show VBN 48378 500 9 in in IN 48378 500 10 figure figure NN 48378 500 11 34 34 CD 48378 500 12 , , , 48378 500 13 affords afford VBZ 48378 500 14 a a DT 48378 500 15 means means NN 48378 500 16 of of IN 48378 500 17 regulating regulate VBG 48378 500 18 the the DT 48378 500 19 draft draft NN 48378 500 20 and and CC 48378 500 21 prevents prevent VBZ 48378 500 22 excessive excessive JJ 48378 500 23 loss loss NN 48378 500 24 of of IN 48378 500 25 heat heat NN 48378 500 26 from from IN 48378 500 27 the the DT 48378 500 28 room room NN 48378 500 29 when when WRB 48378 500 30 the the DT 48378 500 31 fire fire NN 48378 500 32 is be VBZ 48378 500 33 out out RB 48378 500 34 . . . 48378 501 1 A a DT 48378 501 2 damper damper NN 48378 501 3 consists consist VBZ 48378 501 4 of of IN 48378 501 5 a a DT 48378 501 6 cast cast NN 48378 501 7 - - HYPH 48378 501 8 iron iron NN 48378 501 9 frame frame NN 48378 501 10 with with IN 48378 501 11 a a DT 48378 501 12 lid lid NN 48378 501 13 hinged hinge VBN 48378 501 14 so so IN 48378 501 15 that that IN 48378 501 16 the the DT 48378 501 17 width width NN 48378 501 18 of of IN 48378 501 19 the the DT 48378 501 20 throat throat NN 48378 501 21 opening opening NN 48378 501 22 may may MD 48378 501 23 be be VB 48378 501 24 varied vary VBN 48378 501 25 from from IN 48378 501 26 a a DT 48378 501 27 closed closed NN 48378 501 28 to to IN 48378 501 29 a a DT 48378 501 30 wide wide RB 48378 501 31 - - HYPH 48378 501 32 open open JJ 48378 501 33 position position NN 48378 501 34 . . . 48378 502 1 Various various JJ 48378 502 2 patterns pattern NNS 48378 502 3 are be VBP 48378 502 4 on on IN 48378 502 5 the the DT 48378 502 6 market market NN 48378 502 7 , , , 48378 502 8 some some DT 48378 502 9 designed design VBN 48378 502 10 to to TO 48378 502 11 support support VB 48378 502 12 the the DT 48378 502 13 masonry masonry NN 48378 502 14 over over IN 48378 502 15 the the DT 48378 502 16 opening opening NN 48378 502 17 , , , 48378 502 18 others other NNS 48378 502 19 requiring require VBG 48378 502 20 lintel lintel NN 48378 502 21 irons iron NNS 48378 502 22 . . . 48378 503 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 503 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 503 3 : : : 48378 503 4 Figure figure VB 48378 503 5 38.--This 38.--this CD 48378 503 6 well well RB 48378 503 7 - - HYPH 48378 503 8 designed design VBN 48378 503 9 small small JJ 48378 503 10 stone stone NN 48378 503 11 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 503 12 was be VBD 48378 503 13 built build VBN 48378 503 14 in in IN 48378 503 15 accordance accordance NN 48378 503 16 with with IN 48378 503 17 the the DT 48378 503 18 principles principle NNS 48378 503 19 given give VBN 48378 503 20 in in IN 48378 503 21 this this DT 48378 503 22 bulletin bulletin NN 48378 503 23 . . . 48378 504 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 504 2 is be VBZ 48378 504 3 a a DT 48378 504 4 good good JJ 48378 504 5 heater heater NN 48378 504 6 and and CC 48378 504 7 does do VBZ 48378 504 8 not not RB 48378 504 9 smoke smoke VB 48378 504 10 . . . 48378 505 1 The the DT 48378 505 2 jambs jamb NNS 48378 505 3 are be VBP 48378 505 4 wide wide JJ 48378 505 5 enough enough RB 48378 505 6 to to TO 48378 505 7 resist resist VB 48378 505 8 the the DT 48378 505 9 thrust thrust NN 48378 505 10 of of IN 48378 505 11 the the DT 48378 505 12 arch arch NN 48378 505 13 . . . 48378 505 14 ] ] -RRB- 48378 506 1 A a DT 48378 506 2 roaring roar VBG 48378 506 3 pine pine JJ 48378 506 4 fire fire NN 48378 506 5 may may MD 48378 506 6 require require VB 48378 506 7 a a DT 48378 506 8 full full JJ 48378 506 9 - - HYPH 48378 506 10 throat throat NN 48378 506 11 opening opening NN 48378 506 12 , , , 48378 506 13 but but CC 48378 506 14 slow slow RB 48378 506 15 - - HYPH 48378 506 16 burning burn VBG 48378 506 17 hardwood hardwood NN 48378 506 18 logs log NNS 48378 506 19 may may MD 48378 506 20 need need VB 48378 506 21 only only RB 48378 506 22 1 1 CD 48378 506 23 or or CC 48378 506 24 2 2 CD 48378 506 25 inches inch NNS 48378 506 26 of of IN 48378 506 27 opening opening NN 48378 506 28 . . . 48378 507 1 Regulating regulate VBG 48378 507 2 the the DT 48378 507 3 opening opening NN 48378 507 4 according accord VBG 48378 507 5 to to IN 48378 507 6 the the DT 48378 507 7 kind kind NN 48378 507 8 of of IN 48378 507 9 fire fire NN 48378 507 10 prevents prevent VBZ 48378 507 11 waste waste NN 48378 507 12 of of IN 48378 507 13 heat heat NN 48378 507 14 up up RP 48378 507 15 the the DT 48378 507 16 chimney chimney NN 48378 507 17 . . . 48378 508 1 Closing close VBG 48378 508 2 the the DT 48378 508 3 damper damper NN 48378 508 4 in in IN 48378 508 5 summer summer NN 48378 508 6 keeps keep VBZ 48378 508 7 flies fly NNS 48378 508 8 , , , 48378 508 9 mosquitoes mosquito NNS 48378 508 10 , , , 48378 508 11 and and CC 48378 508 12 other other JJ 48378 508 13 insects insect NNS 48378 508 14 from from IN 48378 508 15 entering enter VBG 48378 508 16 the the DT 48378 508 17 house house NN 48378 508 18 down down IN 48378 508 19 the the DT 48378 508 20 chimney chimney NN 48378 508 21 . . . 48378 509 1 In in IN 48378 509 2 houses house NNS 48378 509 3 heated heat VBN 48378 509 4 by by IN 48378 509 5 furnaces furnace NNS 48378 509 6 or or CC 48378 509 7 other other JJ 48378 509 8 modern modern JJ 48378 509 9 systems system NNS 48378 509 10 , , , 48378 509 11 lack lack NN 48378 509 12 of of IN 48378 509 13 a a DT 48378 509 14 damper damper NN 48378 509 15 in in IN 48378 509 16 the the DT 48378 509 17 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 509 18 flue flue NN 48378 509 19 may may MD 48378 509 20 interfere interfere VB 48378 509 21 with with IN 48378 509 22 uniform uniform JJ 48378 509 23 heating heating NN 48378 509 24 , , , 48378 509 25 particularly particularly RB 48378 509 26 in in IN 48378 509 27 very very RB 48378 509 28 cold cold JJ 48378 509 29 windy windy JJ 48378 509 30 weather weather NN 48378 509 31 , , , 48378 509 32 whether whether IN 48378 509 33 or or CC 48378 509 34 not not RB 48378 509 35 there there EX 48378 509 36 is be VBZ 48378 509 37 a a DT 48378 509 38 fire fire NN 48378 509 39 on on IN 48378 509 40 the the DT 48378 509 41 hearth hearth NN 48378 509 42 . . . 48378 510 1 When when WRB 48378 510 2 air air NN 48378 510 3 heated heat VBN 48378 510 4 by by IN 48378 510 5 the the DT 48378 510 6 furnace furnace NN 48378 510 7 is be VBZ 48378 510 8 carried carry VBN 48378 510 9 up up RP 48378 510 10 the the DT 48378 510 11 chimney chimney NN 48378 510 12 there there EX 48378 510 13 is be VBZ 48378 510 14 a a DT 48378 510 15 waste waste NN 48378 510 16 of of IN 48378 510 17 the the DT 48378 510 18 furnace furnace NN 48378 510 19 fuel fuel NN 48378 510 20 , , , 48378 510 21 but but CC 48378 510 22 a a DT 48378 510 23 damper damper NN 48378 510 24 partially partially RB 48378 510 25 open open JJ 48378 510 26 serves serve VBZ 48378 510 27 a a DT 48378 510 28 slow slow JJ 48378 510 29 fire fire NN 48378 510 30 of of IN 48378 510 31 hardwood hardwood NN 48378 510 32 without without IN 48378 510 33 smoking smoke VBG 48378 510 34 the the DT 48378 510 35 room room NN 48378 510 36 or or CC 48378 510 37 wasting waste VBG 48378 510 38 heated heated JJ 48378 510 39 air air NN 48378 510 40 from from IN 48378 510 41 the the DT 48378 510 42 main main JJ 48378 510 43 heating heating NN 48378 510 44 system system NN 48378 510 45 . . . 48378 511 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 511 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 511 3 : : : 48378 511 4 Figure figure VB 48378 511 5 39.--Diagram 39.--diagram CD 48378 511 6 showing show VBG 48378 511 7 front front JJ 48378 511 8 view view NN 48378 511 9 and and CC 48378 511 10 cross cross VB 48378 511 11 section section NN 48378 511 12 of of IN 48378 511 13 an an DT 48378 511 14 entire entire JJ 48378 511 15 chimney chimney NN 48378 511 16 such such JJ 48378 511 17 as as IN 48378 511 18 is be VBZ 48378 511 19 commonly commonly RB 48378 511 20 built build VBN 48378 511 21 to to TO 48378 511 22 serve serve VB 48378 511 23 a a DT 48378 511 24 furnace furnace NN 48378 511 25 , , , 48378 511 26 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 511 27 , , , 48378 511 28 and and CC 48378 511 29 kitchen kitchen NN 48378 511 30 stove stove NNP 48378 511 31 . . . 48378 512 1 Two two CD 48378 512 2 sets set NNS 48378 512 3 of of IN 48378 512 4 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 512 5 are be VBP 48378 512 6 given give VBN 48378 512 7 , , , 48378 512 8 those those DT 48378 512 9 in in IN 48378 512 10 rectangles rectangle NNS 48378 512 11 refer refer VBP 48378 512 12 to to IN 48378 512 13 the the DT 48378 512 14 approximate approximate JJ 48378 512 15 sizes size NNS 48378 512 16 of of IN 48378 512 17 the the DT 48378 512 18 voids void NNS 48378 512 19 or or CC 48378 512 20 openings opening NNS 48378 512 21 ; ; : 48378 512 22 the the DT 48378 512 23 others other NNS 48378 512 24 refer refer VBP 48378 512 25 to to IN 48378 512 26 the the DT 48378 512 27 outside outside JJ 48378 512 28 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 512 29 of of IN 48378 512 30 the the DT 48378 512 31 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 512 32 . . . 48378 513 1 These these DT 48378 513 2 are be VBP 48378 513 3 used use VBN 48378 513 4 in in IN 48378 513 5 estimating estimate VBG 48378 513 6 the the DT 48378 513 7 number number NN 48378 513 8 of of IN 48378 513 9 bricks brick NNS 48378 513 10 in in IN 48378 513 11 a a DT 48378 513 12 chimney chimney NN 48378 513 13 . . . 48378 514 1 The the DT 48378 514 2 letters letter NNS 48378 514 3 _ _ NNP 48378 514 4 A_-_F A_-_F NNP 48378 514 5 _ _ NNP 48378 514 6 indicate indicate VBP 48378 514 7 sections section NNS 48378 514 8 used use VBN 48378 514 9 in in IN 48378 514 10 estimating estimate VBG 48378 514 11 the the DT 48378 514 12 quantities quantity NNS 48378 514 13 of of IN 48378 514 14 brick brick NN 48378 514 15 required require VBN 48378 514 16 ( ( -LRB- 48378 514 17 See see VB 48378 514 18 p. p. NN 48378 515 1 44 44 CD 48378 515 2 . . . 48378 515 3 ) ) -RRB- 48378 515 4 ] ] -RRB- 48378 516 1 Flue Flue NNP 48378 516 2 The the DT 48378 516 3 area area NN 48378 516 4 of of IN 48378 516 5 lined line VBN 48378 516 6 flues flue NNS 48378 516 7 should should MD 48378 516 8 be be VB 48378 516 9 a a DT 48378 516 10 twelfth twelfth JJ 48378 516 11 or or CC 48378 516 12 more more JJR 48378 516 13 of of IN 48378 516 14 the the DT 48378 516 15 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 516 16 opening opening NN 48378 516 17 , , , 48378 516 18 provided provide VBD 48378 516 19 the the DT 48378 516 20 chimney chimney NN 48378 516 21 is be VBZ 48378 516 22 at at RB 48378 516 23 least least RBS 48378 516 24 22 22 CD 48378 516 25 feet foot NNS 48378 516 26 in in IN 48378 516 27 height height NN 48378 516 28 , , , 48378 516 29 measured measure VBN 48378 516 30 from from IN 48378 516 31 the the DT 48378 516 32 hearth hearth NN 48378 516 33 . . . 48378 517 1 If if IN 48378 517 2 the the DT 48378 517 3 flue flue NN 48378 517 4 is be VBZ 48378 517 5 shorter short JJR 48378 517 6 than than IN 48378 517 7 22 22 CD 48378 517 8 feet foot NNS 48378 517 9 or or CC 48378 517 10 if if IN 48378 517 11 it -PRON- PRP 48378 517 12 is be VBZ 48378 517 13 unlined unlined JJ 48378 517 14 , , , 48378 517 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 517 16 area area NN 48378 517 17 should should MD 48378 517 18 be be VB 48378 517 19 made make VBN 48378 517 20 a a DT 48378 517 21 tenth tenth NN 48378 517 22 or or CC 48378 517 23 more more JJR 48378 517 24 of of IN 48378 517 25 the the DT 48378 517 26 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 517 27 opening opening NN 48378 517 28 . . . 48378 518 1 The the DT 48378 518 2 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 518 3 shown show VBN 48378 518 4 in in IN 48378 518 5 figure figure NN 48378 518 6 34 34 CD 48378 518 7 has have VBZ 48378 518 8 an an DT 48378 518 9 opening opening NN 48378 518 10 of of IN 48378 518 11 7.5 7.5 CD 48378 518 12 square square JJ 48378 518 13 feet foot NNS 48378 518 14 , , , 48378 518 15 or or CC 48378 518 16 approximately approximately RB 48378 518 17 1,080 1,080 CD 48378 518 18 square square JJ 48378 518 19 inches inch NNS 48378 518 20 , , , 48378 518 21 and and CC 48378 518 22 needs need VBZ 48378 518 23 a a DT 48378 518 24 flue flue JJ 48378 518 25 area area NN 48378 518 26 of of IN 48378 518 27 approximately approximately RB 48378 518 28 90 90 CD 48378 518 29 square square JJ 48378 518 30 inches inch NNS 48378 518 31 ; ; : 48378 518 32 a a DT 48378 518 33 rectangular rectangular JJ 48378 518 34 flue flue NN 48378 518 35 , , , 48378 518 36 8 8 CD 48378 518 37 % % NN 48378 518 38 by by IN 48378 518 39 18 18 CD 48378 518 40 inches inch NNS 48378 518 41 , , , 48378 518 42 outside outside JJ 48378 518 43 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 518 44 , , , 48378 518 45 or or CC 48378 518 46 a a DT 48378 518 47 round round JJ 48378 518 48 flue flue NN 48378 518 49 with with IN 48378 518 50 a a DT 48378 518 51 12-inch 12-inch CD 48378 518 52 inside inside JJ 48378 518 53 diameter diameter NN 48378 518 54 might may MD 48378 518 55 be be VB 48378 518 56 used use VBN 48378 518 57 , , , 48378 518 58 as as IN 48378 518 59 these these DT 48378 518 60 are be VBP 48378 518 61 the the DT 48378 518 62 nearest near JJS 48378 518 63 commercial commercial JJ 48378 518 64 sizes size NNS 48378 518 65 of of IN 48378 518 66 lining lining NN 48378 518 67 ( ( -LRB- 48378 518 68 table table NN 48378 518 69 2 2 CD 48378 518 70 ) ) -RRB- 48378 518 71 . . . 48378 519 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 519 2 is be VBZ 48378 519 3 seldom seldom RB 48378 519 4 possible possible JJ 48378 519 5 to to TO 48378 519 6 obtain obtain VB 48378 519 7 lining line VBG 48378 519 8 having have VBG 48378 519 9 exactly exactly RB 48378 519 10 the the DT 48378 519 11 required require VBN 48378 519 12 area area NN 48378 519 13 , , , 48378 519 14 but but CC 48378 519 15 the the DT 48378 519 16 inside inside JJ 48378 519 17 area area NN 48378 519 18 should should MD 48378 519 19 never never RB 48378 519 20 be be VB 48378 519 21 less less JJR 48378 519 22 than than IN 48378 519 23 that that DT 48378 519 24 prescribed prescribe VBN 48378 519 25 above above RB 48378 519 26 . . . 48378 520 1 A a DT 48378 520 2 13- 13- CD 48378 520 3 by by IN 48378 520 4 13-inch 13-inch CD 48378 520 5 flue flue NN 48378 520 6 was be VBD 48378 520 7 selected select VBN 48378 520 8 for for IN 48378 520 9 convenience convenience NN 48378 520 10 when when WRB 48378 520 11 combining combine VBG 48378 520 12 with with IN 48378 520 13 the the DT 48378 520 14 other other JJ 48378 520 15 flues flue NNS 48378 520 16 . . . 48378 521 1 If if IN 48378 521 2 the the DT 48378 521 3 flue flue NN 48378 521 4 is be VBZ 48378 521 5 built build VBN 48378 521 6 of of IN 48378 521 7 brick brick NN 48378 521 8 and and CC 48378 521 9 is be VBZ 48378 521 10 unlined unlined JJ 48378 521 11 , , , 48378 521 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 521 13 area area NN 48378 521 14 should should MD 48378 521 15 be be VB 48378 521 16 approximately approximately RB 48378 521 17 one one CD 48378 521 18 - - HYPH 48378 521 19 tenth tenth NN 48378 521 20 of of IN 48378 521 21 the the DT 48378 521 22 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 521 23 opening opening NN 48378 521 24 , , , 48378 521 25 or or CC 48378 521 26 108 108 CD 48378 521 27 square square JJ 48378 521 28 inches inch NNS 48378 521 29 . . . 48378 522 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 522 2 would would MD 48378 522 3 probably probably RB 48378 522 4 be be VB 48378 522 5 made make VBN 48378 522 6 8 8 CD 48378 522 7 by by IN 48378 522 8 16 16 CD 48378 522 9 inches inch NNS 48378 522 10 ( ( -LRB- 48378 522 11 128 128 CD 48378 522 12 square square JJ 48378 522 13 inches inch NNS 48378 522 14 ) ) -RRB- 48378 522 15 because because IN 48378 522 16 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 522 17 can can MD 48378 522 18 be be VB 48378 522 19 laid lay VBN 48378 522 20 to to IN 48378 522 21 better well JJR 48378 522 22 advantage advantage NN 48378 522 23 when when WRB 48378 522 24 the the DT 48378 522 25 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 522 26 of of IN 48378 522 27 the the DT 48378 522 28 flue flue NN 48378 522 29 are be VBP 48378 522 30 multiples multiple NNS 48378 522 31 of of IN 48378 522 32 4 4 CD 48378 522 33 inches inch NNS 48378 522 34 . . . 48378 523 1 The the DT 48378 523 2 principles principle NNS 48378 523 3 of of IN 48378 523 4 construction construction NN 48378 523 5 given give VBN 48378 523 6 under under IN 48378 523 7 Chimneys Chimneys NNPS 48378 523 8 ( ( -LRB- 48378 523 9 p. p. NN 48378 523 10 7 7 CD 48378 523 11 ) ) -RRB- 48378 523 12 apply apply VBP 48378 523 13 to to TO 48378 523 14 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 523 15 flues flue NNS 48378 523 16 . . . 48378 524 1 Table table NN 48378 524 2 4 4 CD 48378 524 3 is be VBZ 48378 524 4 convenient convenient JJ 48378 524 5 in in IN 48378 524 6 selecting select VBG 48378 524 7 the the DT 48378 524 8 proper proper JJ 48378 524 9 size size NN 48378 524 10 of of IN 48378 524 11 flue flue JJ 48378 524 12 or or CC 48378 524 13 for for IN 48378 524 14 determining determine VBG 48378 524 15 the the DT 48378 524 16 size size NN 48378 524 17 of of IN 48378 524 18 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 524 19 opening opening NN 48378 524 20 for for IN 48378 524 21 an an DT 48378 524 22 existing exist VBG 48378 524 23 flue flue NN 48378 524 24 . . . 48378 525 1 The the DT 48378 525 2 area area NN 48378 525 3 of of IN 48378 525 4 the the DT 48378 525 5 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 525 6 opening opening NN 48378 525 7 in in IN 48378 525 8 square square JJ 48378 525 9 inches inch NNS 48378 525 10 is be VBZ 48378 525 11 obtained obtain VBN 48378 525 12 by by IN 48378 525 13 multiplying multiply VBG 48378 525 14 the the DT 48378 525 15 width width NN 48378 525 16 , , , 48378 525 17 _ _ NNP 48378 525 18 w w NNP 48378 525 19 _ _ NNP 48378 525 20 , , , 48378 525 21 by by IN 48378 525 22 the the DT 48378 525 23 height height NN 48378 525 24 , , , 48378 525 25 _ _ NNP 48378 525 26 h h NNP 48378 525 27 _ _ NNP 48378 525 28 , , , 48378 525 29 ( ( -LRB- 48378 525 30 fig fig NN 48378 525 31 . . . 48378 526 1 34 34 CD 48378 526 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 526 3 , , , 48378 526 4 both both DT 48378 526 5 measured measure VBN 48378 526 6 in in IN 48378 526 7 inches inch NNS 48378 526 8 . . . 48378 527 1 COST COST NNS 48378 527 2 ESTIMATE estimate NN 48378 527 3 A a DT 48378 527 4 convenient convenient JJ 48378 527 5 method method NN 48378 527 6 for for IN 48378 527 7 estimating estimate VBG 48378 527 8 the the DT 48378 527 9 number number NN 48378 527 10 of of IN 48378 527 11 bricks brick NNS 48378 527 12 in in IN 48378 527 13 a a DT 48378 527 14 chimney chimney NN 48378 527 15 is be VBZ 48378 527 16 to to TO 48378 527 17 calculate calculate VB 48378 527 18 the the DT 48378 527 19 volume volume NN 48378 527 20 of of IN 48378 527 21 the the DT 48378 527 22 various various JJ 48378 527 23 sections section NNS 48378 527 24 which which WDT 48378 527 25 differ differ VBP 48378 527 26 in in IN 48378 527 27 outside outside JJ 48378 527 28 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 527 29 and and CC 48378 527 30 then then RB 48378 527 31 subtract subtract VB 48378 527 32 the the DT 48378 527 33 voids void NNS 48378 527 34 or or CC 48378 527 35 cavities cavity NNS 48378 527 36 resulting result VBG 48378 527 37 from from IN 48378 527 38 ash ash NN 48378 527 39 - - HYPH 48378 527 40 pits pit NNS 48378 527 41 , , , 48378 527 42 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 527 43 , , , 48378 527 44 and and CC 48378 527 45 flues flue NNS 48378 527 46 . . . 48378 528 1 This this DT 48378 528 2 will will MD 48378 528 3 be be VB 48378 528 4 the the DT 48378 528 5 total total JJ 48378 528 6 cubic cubic JJ 48378 528 7 feet foot NNS 48378 528 8 of of IN 48378 528 9 brickwork brickwork NN 48378 528 10 which which WDT 48378 528 11 , , , 48378 528 12 when when WRB 48378 528 13 multiplied multiply VBN 48378 528 14 by by IN 48378 528 15 22.5 22.5 CD 48378 528 16 , , , 48378 528 17 is be VBZ 48378 528 18 converted convert VBN 48378 528 19 to to IN 48378 528 20 number number NN 48378 528 21 of of IN 48378 528 22 bricks brick NNS 48378 528 23 . . . 48378 529 1 For for IN 48378 529 2 convenience convenience NN 48378 529 3 , , , 48378 529 4 inches inch NNS 48378 529 5 as as IN 48378 529 6 indicated indicate VBN 48378 529 7 in in IN 48378 529 8 figure figure NN 48378 529 9 39 39 CD 48378 529 10 have have VBP 48378 529 11 been be VBN 48378 529 12 converted convert VBN 48378 529 13 to to IN 48378 529 14 decimals decimal NNS 48378 529 15 of of IN 48378 529 16 a a DT 48378 529 17 foot foot NN 48378 529 18 . . . 48378 530 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 530 2 6 6 CD 48378 530 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 530 4 [ [ -LRB- 48378 530 5 6 6 CD 48378 530 6 ] ] -RRB- 48378 530 7 Inches inch NNS 48378 530 8 and and CC 48378 530 9 fractions fraction NNS 48378 530 10 of of IN 48378 530 11 an an DT 48378 530 12 inch inch NN 48378 530 13 are be VBP 48378 530 14 converted convert VBN 48378 530 15 to to IN 48378 530 16 feet foot NNS 48378 530 17 and and CC 48378 530 18 decimals decimal NNS 48378 530 19 by by IN 48378 530 20 multiplying multiply VBG 48378 530 21 by by IN 48378 530 22 0.0833 0.0833 CD 48378 530 23 ; ; , 48378 530 24 thus thus RB 48378 530 25 2 2 CD 48378 530 26 X X NNS 48378 530 27 / / SYM 48378 530 28 inches inch NNS 48378 530 29 × × NNPS 48378 530 30 O.0833 O.0833 NNP 48378 530 31 equals equal VBZ 48378 530 32 0.208 0.208 CD 48378 530 33 feet foot NNS 48378 530 34 . . . 48378 531 1 Table table NN 48378 531 2 4.--_Sizes 4.--_sizes CD 48378 531 3 of of IN 48378 531 4 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 531 5 flue flue NN 48378 531 6 linings_[D linings_[D NNP 48378 531 7 ] ] -RRB- 48378 531 8 Outside outside JJ 48378 531 9 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 531 10 Inside inside IN 48378 531 11 Area area NN 48378 531 12 of of IN 48378 531 13 of of IN 48378 531 14 standard standard JJ 48378 531 15 diameter diameter NN 48378 531 16 of of IN 48378 531 17 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 531 18 rectangular rectangular JJ 48378 531 19 standard standard JJ 48378 531 20 round round JJ 48378 531 21 opening open VBG 48378 531 22 flue flue JJ 48378 531 23 lining lining NN 48378 531 24 flue flue NN 48378 531 25 lining lining NN 48378 531 26 --------- --------- NFP 48378 531 27 ----------- ----------- NFP 48378 531 28 -------------- -------------- NFP 48378 531 29 _ _ NNP 48378 531 30 Square Square NNP 48378 531 31 inches inch NNS 48378 531 32 _ _ NNP 48378 531 33 _ _ NNP 48378 531 34 Inches Inches NNP 48378 531 35 _ _ NNP 48378 531 36 _ _ NNP 48378 531 37 Inches Inches NNP 48378 531 38 _ _ NNP 48378 531 39 600 600 CD 48378 531 40 8½ 8½ CD 48378 531 41 by by IN 48378 531 42 8½ 8½ NNP 48378 531 43 10 10 CD 48378 531 44 800 800 CD 48378 531 45 8½ 8½ CD 48378 531 46 by by IN 48378 531 47 13 13 CD 48378 531 48 10 10 CD 48378 531 49 1,000 1,000 CD 48378 531 50 8½ 8½ CD 48378 531 51 by by IN 48378 531 52 18 18 CD 48378 531 53 12 12 CD 48378 531 54 1,200 1,200 CD 48378 531 55 8½ 8½ CD 48378 531 56 by by IN 48378 531 57 18 18 CD 48378 531 58 12 12 CD 48378 531 59 1,400 1,400 CD 48378 531 60 13 13 CD 48378 531 61 by by IN 48378 531 62 13 13 CD 48378 531 63 12 12 CD 48378 531 64 1,600 1,600 CD 48378 531 65 13 13 CD 48378 531 66 by by IN 48378 531 67 13 13 CD 48378 531 68 15 15 CD 48378 531 69 1,800 1,800 CD 48378 531 70 13 13 CD 48378 531 71 by by IN 48378 531 72 18 18 CD 48378 531 73 15 15 CD 48378 531 74 2,000 2,000 CD 48378 531 75 13 13 CD 48378 531 76 by by IN 48378 531 77 18 18 CD 48378 531 78 15 15 CD 48378 531 79 2,200 2,200 CD 48378 531 80 13 13 CD 48378 531 81 by by IN 48378 531 82 18 18 CD 48378 531 83 15 15 CD 48378 531 84 2,400 2,400 CD 48378 531 85 18 18 CD 48378 531 86 by by IN 48378 531 87 18 18 CD 48378 531 88 18 18 CD 48378 531 89 2,600 2,600 CD 48378 531 90 18 18 CD 48378 531 91 by by IN 48378 531 92 18 18 CD 48378 531 93 18 18 CD 48378 531 94 2,800 2,800 CD 48378 531 95 18 18 CD 48378 531 96 by by IN 48378 531 97 18 18 CD 48378 531 98 18 18 CD 48378 531 99 3,000 3,000 CD 48378 531 100 18 18 CD 48378 531 101 by by IN 48378 531 102 18 18 CD 48378 531 103 18 18 CD 48378 531 104 [ [ -LRB- 48378 531 105 D d NN 48378 531 106 ] ] -RRB- 48378 531 107 Based base VBN 48378 531 108 on on IN 48378 531 109 a a DT 48378 531 110 flue flue JJ 48378 531 111 area area NN 48378 531 112 equal equal JJ 48378 531 113 to to IN 48378 531 114 one one CD 48378 531 115 - - HYPH 48378 531 116 twelfth twelfth NN 48378 531 117 the the DT 48378 531 118 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 531 119 opening opening NN 48378 531 120 . . . 48378 532 1 Sec Sec NNP 48378 532 2 table table NN 48378 532 3 2 2 CD 48378 532 4 for for IN 48378 532 5 areas area NNS 48378 532 6 of of IN 48378 532 7 flue flue JJ 48378 532 8 lining lining NN 48378 532 9 . . . 48378 533 1 Number number NN 48378 533 2 of of IN 48378 533 3 Bricks brick NNS 48378 533 4 ( ( -LRB- 48378 533 5 1 1 LS 48378 533 6 ) ) -RRB- 48378 533 7 Estimate estimate VB 48378 533 8 the the DT 48378 533 9 total total JJ 48378 533 10 volume volume NN 48378 533 11 of of IN 48378 533 12 masonry masonry NN 48378 533 13 by by IN 48378 533 14 multiplying multiply VBG 48378 533 15 together together RB 48378 533 16 the the DT 48378 533 17 length length NN 48378 533 18 , , , 48378 533 19 width width NN 48378 533 20 , , , 48378 533 21 and and CC 48378 533 22 height height NN 48378 533 23 of of IN 48378 533 24 the the DT 48378 533 25 various various JJ 48378 533 26 sections section NNS 48378 533 27 ( ( -LRB- 48378 533 28 fig fig NN 48378 533 29 . . . 48378 534 1 39 39 CD 48378 534 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 534 3 . . . 48378 535 1 _ _ NNP 48378 535 2 Length Length NNP 48378 535 3 _ _ NNP 48378 535 4 Width Width NNP 48378 535 5 _ _ NNP 48378 535 6 Height Height NNP 48378 535 7 _ _ NNP 48378 535 8 Volume Volume NNP 48378 535 9 _ _ NNP 48378 535 10 Section Section NNP 48378 535 11 _ _ NNP 48378 535 12 Feet Feet NNP 48378 535 13 _ _ NNP 48378 535 14 Feet Feet NNPS 48378 535 15 _ _ NNP 48378 535 16 Feet Feet NNPS 48378 535 17 _ _ IN 48378 535 18 Cubic cubic JJ 48378 535 19 feet foot NNS 48378 535 20 _ _ NNP 48378 535 21 _ _ NNP 48378 535 22 AB AB NNP 48378 535 23 _ _ NNP 48378 535 24 6.0 6.0 CD 48378 535 25 by by IN 48378 535 26 2.75 2.75 CD 48378 535 27 by by IN 48378 535 28 12.66 12.66 CD 48378 535 29 = = SYM 48378 535 30 209.0 209.0 CD 48378 535 31 _ _ NNP 48378 535 32 BC BC NNP 48378 535 33 _ _ NNP 48378 535 34 4.25 4.25 CD 48378 535 35 by by IN 48378 535 36 2.5 2.5 CD 48378 535 37 by by IN 48378 535 38 1.66 1.66 CD 48378 535 39 = = SYM 48378 535 40 17.6 17.6 CD 48378 535 41 _ _ NNP 48378 535 42 CD CD NNP 48378 535 43 _ _ NNP 48378 535 44 3.5 3.5 CD 48378 535 45 by by IN 48378 535 46 2.0 2.0 CD 48378 535 47 by by IN 48378 535 48 2.0 2.0 CD 48378 535 49 = = SYM 48378 535 50 14.0 14.0 CD 48378 535 51 _ _ NNP 48378 535 52 DE DE NNP 48378 535 53 _ _ NNP 48378 535 54 3.5 3.5 CD 48378 535 55 by by IN 48378 535 56 1.75 1.75 CD 48378 535 57 by by IN 48378 535 58 10.16 10.16 CD 48378 535 59 = = SYM 48378 535 60 62.2 62.2 CD 48378 535 61 _ _ NNP 48378 535 62 EF EF NNP 48378 535 63 _ _ NNP 48378 535 64 4.33 4.33 CD 48378 535 65 by by IN 48378 535 66 2.5 2.5 CD 48378 535 67 by by IN 48378 535 68 6.0 6.0 CD 48378 535 69 = = SYM 48378 535 70 65.0 65.0 CD 48378 535 71 ------ ------ NN 48378 535 72 Total total JJ 48378 535 73 volume volume NN 48378 535 74 including include VBG 48378 535 75 voids voids NN 48378 535 76 367 367 CD 48378 535 77 . . . 48378 536 1 8 8 CD 48378 536 2 ( ( -LRB- 48378 536 3 2 2 CD 48378 536 4 ) ) -RRB- 48378 536 5 Estimate estimate VB 48378 536 6 the the DT 48378 536 7 total total JJ 48378 536 8 volume volume NN 48378 536 9 of of IN 48378 536 10 voids void NNS 48378 536 11 by by IN 48378 536 12 multiplying multiply VBG 48378 536 13 together together RB 48378 536 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 536 15 length length NN 48378 536 16 , , , 48378 536 17 width width NN 48378 536 18 , , , 48378 536 19 and and CC 48378 536 20 height height NN 48378 536 21 . . . 48378 537 1 _ _ NNP 48378 537 2 Length Length NNP 48378 537 3 _ _ NNP 48378 537 4 Width Width NNP 48378 537 5 _ _ NNP 48378 537 6 Height Height NNP 48378 537 7 _ _ NNP 48378 537 8 Volume Volume NNP 48378 537 9 _ _ NNP 48378 537 10 Item Item NNP 48378 537 11 _ _ NNP 48378 537 12 Feet Feet NNPS 48378 537 13 _ _ NNP 48378 537 14 Feet Feet NNPS 48378 537 15 _ _ NNP 48378 537 16 Feet Feet NNPS 48378 537 17 _ _ IN 48378 537 18 Cubic cubic JJ 48378 537 19 feet foot NNS 48378 537 20 _ _ NNP 48378 537 21 Ash Ash NNP 48378 537 22 - - HYPH 48378 537 23 pit pit NN 48378 537 24 2.33 2.33 CD 48378 537 25 by by IN 48378 537 26 1.5 1.5 CD 48378 537 27 by by IN 48378 537 28 7.0 7.0 CD 48378 537 29 = = SYM 48378 537 30 24 24 CD 48378 537 31 46 46 CD 48378 537 32 Fireplace fireplace NN 48378 537 33 3.0 3.0 CD 48378 537 34 by by IN 48378 537 35 1.5 1.5 CD 48378 537 36 by by IN 48378 537 37 3.5 3.5 CD 48378 537 38 = = SYM 48378 537 39 15.75 15.75 CD 48378 537 40 Smoke Smoke NNP 48378 537 41 chamber chamber NN 48378 537 42 2.0 2.0 CD 48378 537 43 by by IN 48378 537 44 1.16 1.16 CD 48378 537 45 by by IN 48378 537 46 2.0 2.0 CD 48378 537 47 = = SYM 48378 537 48 4.64 4.64 CD 48378 537 49 8½- 8½- NNS 48378 537 50 by by IN 48378 537 51 13-inch 13-inch CD 48378 537 52 flue[E flue[e CD 48378 537 53 ] ] -RRB- 48378 537 54 0.78 0.78 CD 48378 537 55 square square JJ 48378 537 56 feet foot NNS 48378 537 57 by by IN 48378 537 58 28 28 CD 48378 537 59 5 5 CD 48378 537 60 = = SYM 48378 537 61 22.23 22.23 CD 48378 537 62 13- 13- CD 48378 537 63 by by IN 48378 537 64 13-inch 13-inch CD 48378 537 65 flue[E flue[e CD 48378 537 66 ] ] -RRB- 48378 537 67 1.20 1.20 CD 48378 537 68 square square JJ 48378 537 69 feet foot NNS 48378 537 70 by by IN 48378 537 71 18.75 18.75 CD 48378 537 72 = = SYM 48378 537 73 22.50 22.50 CD 48378 537 74 8½- 8½- NNS 48378 537 75 by by IN 48378 537 76 8½-inch 8½-inch CD 48378 537 77 flue[E flue[e CD 48378 537 78 ] ] -RRB- 48378 537 79 .50 .50 CD 48378 537 80 square square JJ 48378 537 81 feet foot NNS 48378 537 82 by by IN 48378 537 83 18.75 18.75 CD 48378 537 84 = = SYM 48378 537 85 9.37 9.37 CD 48378 537 86 ------ ------ NN 48378 537 87 Total total JJ 48378 537 88 volume volume NN 48378 537 89 of of IN 48378 537 90 voids void NNS 48378 537 91 98.95 98.95 CD 48378 537 92 [ [ -LRB- 48378 537 93 E e NN 48378 537 94 ] ] -RRB- 48378 537 95 See see VB 48378 537 96 table table NN 48378 537 97 2 2 CD 48378 537 98 for for IN 48378 537 99 outside outside JJ 48378 537 100 areas area NNS 48378 537 101 of of IN 48378 537 102 flues flue NNS 48378 537 103 in in IN 48378 537 104 square square JJ 48378 537 105 feet foot NNS 48378 537 106 . . . 48378 538 1 ( ( -LRB- 48378 538 2 3 3 LS 48378 538 3 ) ) -RRB- 48378 538 4 Subtract subtract VB 48378 538 5 volume volume NN 48378 538 6 of of IN 48378 538 7 voids void NNS 48378 538 8 from from IN 48378 538 9 volume volume NN 48378 538 10 of of IN 48378 538 11 masonry masonry NN 48378 538 12 . . . 48378 539 1 _ _ NNP 48378 539 2 Cubic cubic JJ 48378 539 3 feet foot NNS 48378 539 4 _ _ IN 48378 539 5 Total total JJ 48378 539 6 volume volume NN 48378 539 7 , , , 48378 539 8 including include VBG 48378 539 9 voids void NNS 48378 539 10 368 368 CD 48378 539 11 Total total JJ 48378 539 12 volume volume NN 48378 539 13 of of IN 48378 539 14 voids voids NN 48378 539 15 99 99 CD 48378 539 16 --- --- : 48378 539 17 Total total JJ 48378 539 18 volume volume NN 48378 539 19 of of IN 48378 539 20 masonry masonry NN 48378 539 21 269 269 CD 48378 539 22 ( ( -LRB- 48378 539 23 4 4 CD 48378 539 24 ) ) -RRB- 48378 539 25 Multiply multiply VB 48378 539 26 net net JJ 48378 539 27 volume volume NN 48378 539 28 of of IN 48378 539 29 masonry masonry NN 48378 539 30 by by IN 48378 539 31 the the DT 48378 539 32 number number NN 48378 539 33 of of IN 48378 539 34 brick brick NN 48378 539 35 per per IN 48378 539 36 cubic cubic JJ 48378 539 37 foot foot NN 48378 539 38 . . . 48378 540 1 269 269 CD 48378 540 2 by by IN 48378 540 3 22.5 22.5 CD 48378 540 4 = = SYM 48378 540 5 6,053 6,053 CD 48378 540 6 brick brick NN 48378 540 7 , , , 48378 540 8 or or CC 48378 540 9 6.1 6.1 CD 48378 540 10 thousand thousand CD 48378 540 11 bricks brick NNS 48378 540 12 . . . 48378 541 1 Mortar Mortar NNP 48378 541 2 To to TO 48378 541 3 estimate estimate VB 48378 541 4 the the DT 48378 541 5 mortar mortar NN 48378 541 6 needed need VBN 48378 541 7 , , , 48378 541 8 multiply multiply VB 48378 541 9 the the DT 48378 541 10 mortar mortar NN 48378 541 11 material material NN 48378 541 12 given give VBN 48378 541 13 below below RP 48378 541 14 for for IN 48378 541 15 1,000 1,000 CD 48378 541 16 brick brick NN 48378 541 17 by by IN 48378 541 18 6.1 6.1 CD 48378 541 19 to to TO 48378 541 20 determine determine VB 48378 541 21 how how WRB 48378 541 22 much much JJ 48378 541 23 will will MD 48378 541 24 be be VB 48378 541 25 needed need VBN 48378 541 26 to to TO 48378 541 27 build build VB 48378 541 28 the the DT 48378 541 29 chimney chimney NN 48378 541 30 , , , 48378 541 31 using use VBG 48378 541 32 1:1:6 1:1:6 CD 48378 541 33 mixture mixture NN 48378 541 34 recommended recommend VBN 48378 541 35 on on IN 48378 541 36 page page NN 48378 541 37 10 10 CD 48378 541 38 . . . 48378 542 1 Bags bag NNS 48378 542 2 of of IN 48378 542 3 hydrated hydrated JJ 48378 542 4 lime lime NN 48378 542 5 2.6 2.6 CD 48378 542 6 by by IN 48378 542 7 6.1 6.1 CD 48378 542 8 = = SYM 48378 542 9 16 16 CD 48378 542 10 bags bag NNS 48378 542 11 . . . 48378 543 1 Sacks sack NNS 48378 543 2 of of IN 48378 543 3 portland portland NNP 48378 543 4 cement cement NN 48378 543 5 3.5 3.5 CD 48378 543 6 by by IN 48378 543 7 6.1 6.1 CD 48378 543 8 = = SYM 48378 543 9 22 22 CD 48378 543 10 sacks sack NNS 48378 543 11 . . . 48378 544 1 Cubic cubic JJ 48378 544 2 feet foot NNS 48378 544 3 of of IN 48378 544 4 sand sand NN 48378 544 5 18.0 18.0 CD 48378 544 6 by by IN 48378 544 7 6.1 6.1 CD 48378 544 8 = = SYM 48378 544 9 110 110 CD 48378 544 10 cubic cubic JJ 48378 544 11 feet foot NNS 48378 544 12 = = SYM 48378 544 13 4 4 CD 48378 544 14 cubic cubic JJ 48378 544 15 yards yard NNS 48378 544 16 . . . 48378 545 1 Foundation Foundation NNP 48378 545 2 Concrete Concrete NNP 48378 545 3 needed need VBD 48378 545 4 for for IN 48378 545 5 foundation foundation NN 48378 545 6 can can MD 48378 545 7 be be VB 48378 545 8 estimated estimate VBN 48378 545 9 as as IN 48378 545 10 follows follow VBZ 48378 545 11 : : : 48378 545 12 Concrete concrete NN 48378 545 13 for for IN 48378 545 14 foundation foundation NN 48378 545 15 should should MD 48378 545 16 be be VB 48378 545 17 1:2½:5 1:2½:5 CD 48378 545 18 and and CC 48378 545 19 for for IN 48378 545 20 the the DT 48378 545 21 top top JJ 48378 545 22 1:2½. 1:2½. NN 48378 546 1 The the DT 48378 546 2 foundation foundation NN 48378 546 3 is be VBZ 48378 546 4 7 7 CD 48378 546 5 by by IN 48378 546 6 3.75 3.75 CD 48378 546 7 by by IN 48378 546 8 1 1 CD 48378 546 9 , , , 48378 546 10 or or CC 48378 546 11 26.25 26.25 CD 48378 546 12 cubic cubic JJ 48378 546 13 feet foot NNS 48378 546 14 , , , 48378 546 15 or or CC 48378 546 16 1 1 CD 48378 546 17 cubic cubic JJ 48378 546 18 yard yard NN 48378 546 19 , , , 48378 546 20 and and CC 48378 546 21 will will MD 48378 546 22 require require VB 48378 546 23 5 5 CD 48378 546 24 sacks sack NNS 48378 546 25 of of IN 48378 546 26 cement cement NN 48378 546 27 , , , 48378 546 28 0.46 0.46 CD 48378 546 29 cubic cubic JJ 48378 546 30 yard yard NN 48378 546 31 of of IN 48378 546 32 sand sand NN 48378 546 33 , , , 48378 546 34 and and CC 48378 546 35 92 92 CD 48378 546 36 cubic cubic JJ 48378 546 37 yard yard NN 48378 546 38 of of IN 48378 546 39 gravel gravel NN 48378 546 40 . . . 48378 547 1 The the DT 48378 547 2 cap cap NN 48378 547 3 is be VBZ 48378 547 4 4.5 4.5 CD 48378 547 5 by by IN 48378 547 6 2.66 2.66 CD 48378 547 7 by by IN 48378 547 8 0.5 0.5 CD 48378 547 9 = = SYM 48378 547 10 5.9 5.9 CD 48378 547 11 cubic cubic JJ 48378 547 12 feet foot NNS 48378 547 13 The the DT 48378 547 14 area area NN 48378 547 15 of of IN 48378 547 16 the the DT 48378 547 17 three three CD 48378 547 18 flues flue NNS 48378 547 19 above above RB 48378 547 20 must must MD 48378 547 21 be be VB 48378 547 22 deducted deduct VBN 48378 547 23 : : : 48378 547 24 5.9 5.9 CD 48378 547 25 minus minus CC 48378 547 26 2.48 2.48 CD 48378 547 27 = = SYM 48378 547 28 3.42 3.42 CD 48378 547 29 cubic cubic JJ 48378 547 30 feet foot NNS 48378 547 31 , , , 48378 547 32 or or CC 48378 547 33 one one CD 48378 547 34 - - HYPH 48378 547 35 ninth ninth JJ 48378 547 36 of of IN 48378 547 37 a a DT 48378 547 38 cubic cubic JJ 48378 547 39 yard yard NN 48378 547 40 . . . 48378 548 1 As as IN 48378 548 2 1 1 CD 48378 548 3 cubic cubic JJ 48378 548 4 yard yard NN 48378 548 5 was be VBD 48378 548 6 assumed assume VBN 48378 548 7 for for IN 48378 548 8 the the DT 48378 548 9 foundation foundation NN 48378 548 10 , , , 48378 548 11 extra extra JJ 48378 548 12 cement cement NN 48378 548 13 and and CC 48378 548 14 sand sand NN 48378 548 15 are be VBP 48378 548 16 not not RB 48378 548 17 needed need VBN 48378 548 18 . . . 48378 549 1 Other other JJ 48378 549 2 material material NN 48378 549 3 needed need VBD 48378 549 4 : : : 48378 549 5 1 1 CD 48378 549 6 8-inch 8-inch CD 48378 549 7 thimble thimble NN 48378 549 8 , , , 48378 549 9 9 9 CD 48378 549 10 inches inch NNS 48378 549 11 long long JJ 48378 549 12 . . . 48378 550 1 1 1 CD 48378 550 2 6-inch 6-inch CD 48378 550 3 thimble thimble NN 48378 550 4 , , , 48378 550 5 9 9 CD 48378 550 6 inches inch NNS 48378 550 7 long long JJ 48378 550 8 . . . 48378 551 1 28 28 CD 48378 551 2 feet foot NNS 48378 551 3 of of IN 48378 551 4 8½- 8½- CD 48378 551 5 by by IN 48378 551 6 13-inch 13-inch CD 48378 551 7 flue flue NN 48378 551 8 lining lining NN 48378 551 9 . . . 48378 552 1 20 20 CD 48378 552 2 feet foot NNS 48378 552 3 of of IN 48378 552 4 13- 13- NNPS 48378 552 5 by by IN 48378 552 6 13-inch 13-inch CD 48378 552 7 flue flue NN 48378 552 8 lining lining NN 48378 552 9 . . . 48378 553 1 20 20 CD 48378 553 2 feet foot NNS 48378 553 3 of of IN 48378 553 4 8½- 8½- NNS 48378 553 5 by by IN 48378 553 6 8½-inch 8½-inch CD 48378 553 7 flue flue NN 48378 553 8 lining lining NN 48378 553 9 . . . 48378 554 1 Damper Damper NNP 48378 554 2 , , , 48378 554 3 36- 36- NNP 48378 554 4 by by IN 48378 554 5 10-inch 10-inch CD 48378 554 6 throat throat NN 48378 554 7 opening opening NN 48378 554 8 . . . 48378 555 1 2 2 CD 48378 555 2 clean clean VB 48378 555 3 - - HYPH 48378 555 4 out out RP 48378 555 5 doors door NNS 48378 555 6 and and CC 48378 555 7 1 1 CD 48378 555 8 ash ash NN 48378 555 9 dump dump NN 48378 555 10 . . . 48378 556 1 Mantel Mantel NNP 48378 556 2 as as IN 48378 556 3 selected select VBN 48378 556 4 . . . 48378 557 1 If if IN 48378 557 2 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 557 3 is be VBZ 48378 557 4 to to TO 48378 557 5 be be VB 48378 557 6 used use VBN 48378 557 7 or or CC 48378 557 8 the the DT 48378 557 9 exposed expose VBN 48378 557 10 breast breast NN 48378 557 11 is be VBZ 48378 557 12 to to TO 48378 557 13 be be VB 48378 557 14 of of IN 48378 557 15 face face NN 48378 557 16 or or CC 48378 557 17 special special JJ 48378 557 18 brick brick NN 48378 557 19 ( ( -LRB- 48378 557 20 or or CC 48378 557 21 ceramic ceramic JJ 48378 557 22 tile tile NN 48378 557 23 ) ) -RRB- 48378 557 24 the the DT 48378 557 25 number number NN 48378 557 26 should should MD 48378 557 27 be be VB 48378 557 28 counted count VBN 48378 557 29 or or CC 48378 557 30 estimated estimate VBN 48378 557 31 and and CC 48378 557 32 deducted deduct VBN 48378 557 33 from from IN 48378 557 34 the the DT 48378 557 35 number number NN 48378 557 36 of of IN 48378 557 37 common common JJ 48378 557 38 brick brick NN 48378 557 39 as as IN 48378 557 40 estimated estimate VBN 48378 557 41 above above RB 48378 557 42 . . . 48378 558 1 Labor Labor NNP 48378 558 2 The the DT 48378 558 3 labor labor NN 48378 558 4 required require VBN 48378 558 5 to to TO 48378 558 6 build build VB 48378 558 7 a a DT 48378 558 8 chimney chimney NN 48378 558 9 depends depend VBZ 48378 558 10 on on IN 48378 558 11 the the DT 48378 558 12 thickness thickness NN 48378 558 13 of of IN 48378 558 14 the the DT 48378 558 15 walls wall NNS 48378 558 16 , , , 48378 558 17 the the DT 48378 558 18 height height NN 48378 558 19 , , , 48378 558 20 and and CC 48378 558 21 the the DT 48378 558 22 amount amount NN 48378 558 23 of of IN 48378 558 24 cutting cut VBG 48378 558 25 to to TO 48378 558 26 build build VB 48378 558 27 in in IN 48378 558 28 specialties specialty NNS 48378 558 29 , , , 48378 558 30 provide provide VB 48378 558 31 offsets offset NNS 48378 558 32 , , , 48378 558 33 etc etc FW 48378 558 34 . . . 48378 559 1 In in IN 48378 559 2 general general JJ 48378 559 3 , , , 48378 559 4 a a DT 48378 559 5 mason mason NN 48378 559 6 will will MD 48378 559 7 take take VB 48378 559 8 16 16 CD 48378 559 9 hours hour NNS 48378 559 10 with with IN 48378 559 11 8 8 CD 48378 559 12 hours hour NNS 48378 559 13 of of IN 48378 559 14 laborer laborer NN 48378 559 15 's 's POS 48378 559 16 help help NN 48378 559 17 to to TO 48378 559 18 lay lay VB 48378 559 19 1,000 1,000 CD 48378 559 20 brick brick NN 48378 559 21 . . . 48378 560 1 On on IN 48378 560 2 this this DT 48378 560 3 basis basis NN 48378 560 4 , , , 48378 560 5 16 16 CD 48378 560 6 by by IN 48378 560 7 6.1 6.1 CD 48378 560 8 = = SYM 48378 560 9 97.6 97.6 CD 48378 560 10 hours hour NNS 48378 560 11 of of IN 48378 560 12 mason mason NNP 48378 560 13 's 's POS 48378 560 14 time time NN 48378 560 15 and and CC 48378 560 16 48.8 48.8 CD 48378 560 17 hours hour NNS 48378 560 18 of of IN 48378 560 19 laborer laborer NN 48378 560 20 's 's POS 48378 560 21 time time NN 48378 560 22 will will MD 48378 560 23 be be VB 48378 560 24 required require VBN 48378 560 25 . . . 48378 561 1 Cost cost VB 48378 561 2 The the DT 48378 561 3 approximate approximate JJ 48378 561 4 cost cost NN 48378 561 5 of of IN 48378 561 6 the the DT 48378 561 7 chimney chimney NN 48378 561 8 can can MD 48378 561 9 be be VB 48378 561 10 determined determine VBN 48378 561 11 by by IN 48378 561 12 using use VBG 48378 561 13 actual actual JJ 48378 561 14 local local JJ 48378 561 15 cost cost NN 48378 561 16 of of IN 48378 561 17 materials material NNS 48378 561 18 and and CC 48378 561 19 wages wage NNS 48378 561 20 as as IN 48378 561 21 follows:[F follows:[F NNP 48378 561 22 ] ] -RRB- 48378 561 23 6,100 6,100 CD 48378 561 24 brick brick NN 48378 561 25 at at IN 48378 561 26 $ $ $ 48378 561 27 15.00 15.00 CD 48378 561 28 per per IN 48378 561 29 thousand thousand CD 48378 561 30 $ $ $ 48378 561 31 91.50 91.50 CD 48378 561 32 27 27 CD 48378 561 33 sacks sack NNS 48378 561 34 of of IN 48378 561 35 cement[G cement[g NN 48378 561 36 ] ] -RRB- 48378 561 37 at at IN 48378 561 38 $ $ $ 48378 561 39 0.70 0.70 CD 48378 561 40 per per IN 48378 561 41 sack sack NN 48378 561 42 18.90 18.90 CD 48378 561 43 16 16 CD 48378 561 44 bags bag NNS 48378 561 45 of of IN 48378 561 46 lime lime NN 48378 561 47 at at IN 48378 561 48 $ $ $ 48378 561 49 0.50 0.50 CD 48378 561 50 per per IN 48378 561 51 bag bag NN 48378 561 52 8.00 8.00 CD 48378 561 53 5 5 CD 48378 561 54 cubic cubic JJ 48378 561 55 yards yard NNS 48378 561 56 of of IN 48378 561 57 sand[G sand[G NNP 48378 561 58 ] ] -RRB- 48378 561 59 at at IN 48378 561 60 $ $ $ 48378 561 61 2.25 2.25 CD 48378 561 62 per per IN 48378 561 63 cubic cubic JJ 48378 561 64 yard yard NN 48378 561 65 11.25 11.25 CD 48378 561 66 1 1 CD 48378 561 67 cubic cubic JJ 48378 561 68 yard yard NN 48378 561 69 of of IN 48378 561 70 gravel gravel NN 48378 561 71 at at IN 48378 561 72 $ $ $ 48378 561 73 2.00 2.00 CD 48378 561 74 per per IN 48378 561 75 cubic cubic JJ 48378 561 76 yard yard NN 48378 561 77 2.00 2.00 CD 48378 561 78 98 98 CD 48378 561 79 hours hour NNS 48378 561 80 , , , 48378 561 81 mason mason NNP 48378 561 82 's 's POS 48378 561 83 time time NN 48378 561 84 , , , 48378 561 85 at at IN 48378 561 86 $ $ $ 48378 561 87 1.00 1.00 CD 48378 561 88 per per IN 48378 561 89 hour hour NN 48378 561 90 98.00 98.00 CD 48378 561 91 49 49 CD 48378 561 92 hours hour NNS 48378 561 93 , , , 48378 561 94 laborer laborer NNP 48378 561 95 's 's POS 48378 561 96 time,[H time,[H NNP 48378 561 97 ] ] -RRB- 48378 561 98 at at IN 48378 561 99 $ $ $ 48378 561 100 0.30 0.30 CD 48378 561 101 per per IN 48378 561 102 hour hour NN 48378 561 103 14.70 14.70 CD 48378 561 104 28 28 CD 48378 561 105 linear linear JJ 48378 561 106 feet foot NNS 48378 561 107 of of IN 48378 561 108 8½- 8½- CD 48378 561 109 by by IN 48378 561 110 13-inch 13-inch CD 48378 561 111 flue flue NN 48378 561 112 at at IN 48378 561 113 $ $ $ 48378 561 114 1.00 1.00 CD 48378 561 115 per per IN 48378 561 116 foot foot NN 48378 561 117 28.00 28.00 CD 48378 561 118 20 20 CD 48378 561 119 linear linear JJ 48378 561 120 feet foot NNS 48378 561 121 of of IN 48378 561 122 13- 13- NNPS 48378 561 123 by by IN 48378 561 124 13-inch 13-inch CD 48378 561 125 flue flue NN 48378 561 126 at at IN 48378 561 127 $ $ $ 48378 561 128 1.15 1.15 CD 48378 561 129 per per IN 48378 561 130 foot foot NN 48378 561 131 23.00 23.00 CD 48378 561 132 20 20 CD 48378 561 133 linear linear JJ 48378 561 134 feet foot NNS 48378 561 135 of of IN 48378 561 136 8½- 8½- NNS 48378 561 137 by by IN 48378 561 138 8½-inch 8½-inch CD 48378 561 139 flue flue NN 48378 561 140 at at IN 48378 561 141 $ $ $ 48378 561 142 0.40 0.40 CD 48378 561 143 per per IN 48378 561 144 foot foot NN 48378 561 145 8.00 8.00 CD 48378 561 146 1 1 CD 48378 561 147 8-inch 8-inch CD 48378 561 148 thimble thimble NN 48378 561 149 .60 .60 CD 48378 561 150 1 1 CD 48378 561 151 6-inch 6-inch CD 48378 561 152 thimble thimble NN 48378 561 153 .40 .40 CD 48378 561 154 2 2 CD 48378 561 155 clean clean VB 48378 561 156 - - HYPH 48378 561 157 out out RP 48378 561 158 doors door NNS 48378 561 159 } } -RRB- 48378 561 160 Damper Damper NNP 48378 561 161 , , , 48378 561 162 lintel lintel NNP 48378 561 163 mantel mantel NN 48378 561 164 , , , 48378 561 165 ash ash NNP 48378 561 166 dump dump NN 48378 561 167 } } -RRB- 48378 561 168 65.00 65.00 CD 48378 561 169 ----- ----- NN 48378 561 170 Total total JJ 48378 561 171 net net JJ 48378 561 172 cost cost NN 48378 561 173 [ [ -LRB- 48378 561 174 I i NN 48378 561 175 ] ] -RRB- 48378 561 176 369.35 369.35 CD 48378 561 177 [ [ -LRB- 48378 561 178 F f NN 48378 561 179 ] ] -RRB- 48378 561 180 The the DT 48378 561 181 prices price NNS 48378 561 182 used use VBD 48378 561 183 in in IN 48378 561 184 this this DT 48378 561 185 example example NN 48378 561 186 are be VBP 48378 561 187 merely merely RB 48378 561 188 illustrative illustrative JJ 48378 561 189 . . . 48378 562 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 562 2 G g NN 48378 562 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 562 4 Includes include VBZ 48378 562 5 material material NN 48378 562 6 for for IN 48378 562 7 footing footing NN 48378 562 8 and and CC 48378 562 9 cap cap NN 48378 562 10 . . . 48378 563 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 563 2 H h NN 48378 563 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 563 4 Includes include VBZ 48378 563 5 labor labor NN 48378 563 6 for for IN 48378 563 7 footing footing NN 48378 563 8 and and CC 48378 563 9 cap cap NN 48378 563 10 . . . 48378 564 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 564 2 I i NN 48378 564 3 ] ] -RRB- 48378 564 4 Where where WRB 48378 564 5 the the DT 48378 564 6 chimney chimney NN 48378 564 7 is be VBZ 48378 564 8 built build VBN 48378 564 9 by by IN 48378 564 10 contract contract NN 48378 564 11 , , , 48378 564 12 10 10 CD 48378 564 13 to to TO 48378 564 14 15 15 CD 48378 564 15 percent percent NN 48378 564 16 should should MD 48378 564 17 be be VB 48378 564 18 added add VBN 48378 564 19 for for IN 48378 564 20 profit profit NN 48378 564 21 and and CC 48378 564 22 overhead overhead NN 48378 564 23 . . . 48378 565 1 SMOKY SMOKY NNP 48378 565 2 FIREPLACES FIREPLACES NNP 48378 565 3 When when WRB 48378 565 4 a a DT 48378 565 5 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 565 6 smokes smoke VBZ 48378 565 7 , , , 48378 565 8 it -PRON- PRP 48378 565 9 should should MD 48378 565 10 be be VB 48378 565 11 examined examine VBN 48378 565 12 to to TO 48378 565 13 make make VB 48378 565 14 certain certain JJ 48378 565 15 that that IN 48378 565 16 the the DT 48378 565 17 essential essential JJ 48378 565 18 requirements requirement NNS 48378 565 19 of of IN 48378 565 20 construction construction NN 48378 565 21 as as IN 48378 565 22 outlined outline VBN 48378 565 23 in in IN 48378 565 24 this this DT 48378 565 25 bulletin bulletin NN 48378 565 26 have have VBP 48378 565 27 been be VBN 48378 565 28 fulfilled fulfil VBN 48378 565 29 . . . 48378 566 1 If if IN 48378 566 2 the the DT 48378 566 3 chimney chimney NN 48378 566 4 is be VBZ 48378 566 5 not not RB 48378 566 6 stopped stop VBN 48378 566 7 up up RP 48378 566 8 with with IN 48378 566 9 fallen fall VBN 48378 566 10 brick brick NN 48378 566 11 and and CC 48378 566 12 the the DT 48378 566 13 mortar mortar NN 48378 566 14 joints joint NNS 48378 566 15 are be VBP 48378 566 16 not not RB 48378 566 17 loose loose JJ 48378 566 18 , , , 48378 566 19 note note VBP 48378 566 20 whether whether IN 48378 566 21 nearby nearby JJ 48378 566 22 trees tree NNS 48378 566 23 or or CC 48378 566 24 tall tall JJ 48378 566 25 structures structure NNS 48378 566 26 cause cause VBP 48378 566 27 eddies eddy NNS 48378 566 28 down down IN 48378 566 29 the the DT 48378 566 30 flue flue NN 48378 566 31 . . . 48378 567 1 To to TO 48378 567 2 determine determine VB 48378 567 3 whether whether IN 48378 567 4 the the DT 48378 567 5 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 567 6 opening opening NN 48378 567 7 is be VBZ 48378 567 8 in in IN 48378 567 9 correct correct JJ 48378 567 10 proportion proportion NN 48378 567 11 to to IN 48378 567 12 the the DT 48378 567 13 flue flue JJ 48378 567 14 area area NN 48378 567 15 , , , 48378 567 16 hold hold VB 48378 567 17 a a DT 48378 567 18 piece piece NN 48378 567 19 of of IN 48378 567 20 sheet sheet NN 48378 567 21 metal metal NN 48378 567 22 across across IN 48378 567 23 the the DT 48378 567 24 top top NN 48378 567 25 of of IN 48378 567 26 the the DT 48378 567 27 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 567 28 opening opening NN 48378 567 29 and and CC 48378 567 30 then then RB 48378 567 31 gradually gradually RB 48378 567 32 lower low JJR 48378 567 33 it -PRON- PRP 48378 567 34 , , , 48378 567 35 making make VBG 48378 567 36 the the DT 48378 567 37 opening opening NN 48378 567 38 smaller small JJR 48378 567 39 until until IN 48378 567 40 smoke smoke NN 48378 567 41 does do VBZ 48378 567 42 not not RB 48378 567 43 come come VB 48378 567 44 into into IN 48378 567 45 the the DT 48378 567 46 room room NN 48378 567 47 . . . 48378 568 1 Mark Mark NNP 48378 568 2 at at IN 48378 568 3 the the DT 48378 568 4 lower low JJR 48378 568 5 edge edge NN 48378 568 6 of of IN 48378 568 7 the the DT 48378 568 8 metal metal NN 48378 568 9 on on IN 48378 568 10 the the DT 48378 568 11 sides side NNS 48378 568 12 of of IN 48378 568 13 the the DT 48378 568 14 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 568 15 . . . 48378 569 1 The the DT 48378 569 2 opening opening NN 48378 569 3 may may MD 48378 569 4 then then RB 48378 569 5 be be VB 48378 569 6 reduced reduce VBN 48378 569 7 by by IN 48378 569 8 building build VBG 48378 569 9 in in IN 48378 569 10 a a DT 48378 569 11 metal metal NN 48378 569 12 shield shield NN 48378 569 13 or or CC 48378 569 14 hood hood NN 48378 569 15 across across IN 48378 569 16 the the DT 48378 569 17 top top NN 48378 569 18 so so IN 48378 569 19 that that IN 48378 569 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 48378 569 21 lower low JJR 48378 569 22 edge edge NN 48378 569 23 is be VBZ 48378 569 24 at at IN 48378 569 25 the the DT 48378 569 26 marks mark NNS 48378 569 27 made make VBN 48378 569 28 during during IN 48378 569 29 the the DT 48378 569 30 test test NN 48378 569 31 ; ; : 48378 569 32 or or CC 48378 569 33 the the DT 48378 569 34 trouble trouble NN 48378 569 35 can can MD 48378 569 36 generally generally RB 48378 569 37 be be VB 48378 569 38 remedied remedie VBN 48378 569 39 by by IN 48378 569 40 increasing increase VBG 48378 569 41 the the DT 48378 569 42 height height NN 48378 569 43 of of IN 48378 569 44 the the DT 48378 569 45 flue flue NN 48378 569 46 . . . 48378 570 1 OUTDOOR outdoor JJ 48378 570 2 FIREPLACES FIREPLACES NNP 48378 570 3 Outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 570 4 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 570 5 range range VBP 48378 570 6 from from IN 48378 570 7 simple simple JJ 48378 570 8 makeshifts makeshift NNS 48378 570 9 to to TO 48378 570 10 elaborately elaborately RB 48378 570 11 equipped equip VBN 48378 570 12 structures structure NNS 48378 570 13 harmonizing harmonize VBG 48378 570 14 with with IN 48378 570 15 the the DT 48378 570 16 architecture architecture NN 48378 570 17 of of IN 48378 570 18 the the DT 48378 570 19 house house NN 48378 570 20 . . . 48378 571 1 No no DT 48378 571 2 one one CD 48378 571 3 type type NN 48378 571 4 will will MD 48378 571 5 meet meet VB 48378 571 6 all all DT 48378 571 7 conditions condition NNS 48378 571 8 , , , 48378 571 9 but but CC 48378 571 10 all all DT 48378 571 11 types type NNS 48378 571 12 should should MD 48378 571 13 be be VB 48378 571 14 practical practical JJ 48378 571 15 to to TO 48378 571 16 use use VB 48378 571 17 and and CC 48378 571 18 yet yet RB 48378 571 19 not not RB 48378 571 20 be be VB 48378 571 21 fire fire NN 48378 571 22 hazards hazard NNS 48378 571 23 or or CC 48378 571 24 eyesores eyesore NNS 48378 571 25 . . . 48378 572 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 572 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 572 3 : : : 48378 572 4 Figure figure NN 48378 572 5 40.--A 40.--A NNS 48378 572 6 , , , 48378 572 7 A a DT 48378 572 8 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 572 9 built build VBN 48378 572 10 for for IN 48378 572 11 30 30 CD 48378 572 12 cents cent NNS 48378 572 13 , , , 48378 572 14 cash cash NN 48378 572 15 . . . 48378 573 1 One one CD 48378 573 2 hundred hundred CD 48378 573 3 and and CC 48378 573 4 twenty twenty CD 48378 573 5 bricks brick NNS 48378 573 6 and and CC 48378 573 7 six six CD 48378 573 8 concrete concrete JJ 48378 573 9 blocks block NNS 48378 573 10 were be VBD 48378 573 11 picked pick VBN 48378 573 12 up up RP 48378 573 13 a a DT 48378 573 14 few few JJ 48378 573 15 at at IN 48378 573 16 a a DT 48378 573 17 time time NN 48378 573 18 along along IN 48378 573 19 the the DT 48378 573 20 road road NN 48378 573 21 . . . 48378 574 1 One one CD 48378 574 2 sack sack NN 48378 574 3 of of IN 48378 574 4 cement cement NN 48378 574 5 was be VBD 48378 574 6 purchased purchase VBN 48378 574 7 , , , 48378 574 8 one one CD 48378 574 9 - - HYPH 48378 574 10 half half NN 48378 574 11 of of IN 48378 574 12 which which WDT 48378 574 13 was be VBD 48378 574 14 used use VBN 48378 574 15 for for IN 48378 574 16 another another DT 48378 574 17 job job NN 48378 574 18 Sand Sand NNP 48378 574 19 was be VBD 48378 574 20 available available JJ 48378 574 21 on on IN 48378 574 22 the the DT 48378 574 23 site site NN 48378 574 24 . . . 48378 575 1 B B NNP 48378 575 2 f f NNP 48378 575 3 Detailed detailed JJ 48378 575 4 drawings drawing NNS 48378 575 5 show show VBP 48378 575 6 dimensions dimension NNS 48378 575 7 of of IN 48378 575 8 this this DT 48378 575 9 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 575 10 . . . 48378 576 1 As as IN 48378 576 2 the the DT 48378 576 3 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 576 4 is be VBZ 48378 576 5 ordinarily ordinarily RB 48378 576 6 built build VBN 48378 576 7 , , , 48378 576 8 the the DT 48378 576 9 material material NN 48378 576 10 would would MD 48378 576 11 cost cost VB 48378 576 12 about about IN 48378 576 13 $ $ $ 48378 576 14 5 5 CD 48378 576 15 and and CC 48378 576 16 the the DT 48378 576 17 labor labor NN 48378 576 18 from from IN 48378 576 19 $ $ $ 48378 576 20 5 5 CD 48378 576 21 to to TO 48378 576 22 $ $ $ 48378 576 23 10 10 CD 48378 576 24 , , , 48378 576 25 depending depend VBG 48378 576 26 on on IN 48378 576 27 local local JJ 48378 576 28 conditions condition NNS 48378 576 29 . . . 48378 576 30 ] ] -RRB- 48378 577 1 TYPES TYPES NNP 48378 577 2 The the DT 48378 577 3 tendency tendency NN 48378 577 4 is be VBZ 48378 577 5 to to TO 48378 577 6 build build VB 48378 577 7 too too RB 48378 577 8 large large JJ 48378 577 9 an an DT 48378 577 10 outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 577 11 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 577 12 . . . 48378 578 1 Where where WRB 48378 578 2 only only RB 48378 578 3 a a DT 48378 578 4 little little JJ 48378 578 5 cooking cooking NN 48378 578 6 is be VBZ 48378 578 7 to to TO 48378 578 8 be be VB 48378 578 9 done do VBN 48378 578 10 occasionally occasionally RB 48378 578 11 in in IN 48378 578 12 a a DT 48378 578 13 small small JJ 48378 578 14 yard yard NN 48378 578 15 or or CC 48378 578 16 at at IN 48378 578 17 a a DT 48378 578 18 picnic picnic NN 48378 578 19 , , , 48378 578 20 several several JJ 48378 578 21 concrete concrete JJ 48378 578 22 blocks block NNS 48378 578 23 or or CC 48378 578 24 stones stone NNS 48378 578 25 set set VBN 48378 578 26 on on IN 48378 578 27 the the DT 48378 578 28 ground ground NN 48378 578 29 about about RB 48378 578 30 12 12 CD 48378 578 31 to to TO 48378 578 32 16 16 CD 48378 578 33 inches inch NNS 48378 578 34 apart apart RB 48378 578 35 will will MD 48378 578 36 serve serve VB 48378 578 37 . . . 48378 579 1 The the DT 48378 579 2 shelf shelf NN 48378 579 3 of of IN 48378 579 4 an an DT 48378 579 5 old old JJ 48378 579 6 refrigerator refrigerator NN 48378 579 7 may may MD 48378 579 8 be be VB 48378 579 9 used use VBN 48378 579 10 for for IN 48378 579 11 a a DT 48378 579 12 grille grille NN 48378 579 13 . . . 48378 580 1 If if IN 48378 580 2 permanence permanence NN 48378 580 3 is be VBZ 48378 580 4 desired desire VBN 48378 580 5 , , , 48378 580 6 the the DT 48378 580 7 walls wall NNS 48378 580 8 should should MD 48378 580 9 be be VB 48378 580 10 laid lay VBN 48378 580 11 in in IN 48378 580 12 cement cement NN 48378 580 13 mortar mortar NN 48378 580 14 and and CC 48378 580 15 the the DT 48378 580 16 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 580 17 should should MD 48378 580 18 have have VB 48378 580 19 a a DT 48378 580 20 suitable suitable JJ 48378 580 21 foundation foundation NN 48378 580 22 and and CC 48378 580 23 a a DT 48378 580 24 permanent permanent JJ 48378 580 25 grille grille NN 48378 580 26 . . . 48378 581 1 An an DT 48378 581 2 end end NN 48378 581 3 wall wall NN 48378 581 4 is be VBZ 48378 581 5 recommended recommend VBN 48378 581 6 to to TO 48378 581 7 prevent prevent VB 48378 581 8 embers ember NNS 48378 581 9 from from IN 48378 581 10 being be VBG 48378 581 11 scattered scatter VBN 48378 581 12 by by IN 48378 581 13 drafts draft NNS 48378 581 14 blowing blow VBG 48378 581 15 between between IN 48378 581 16 the the DT 48378 581 17 side side NN 48378 581 18 walls wall NNS 48378 581 19 . . . 48378 582 1 Smoke smoke NN 48378 582 2 annoyance annoyance NN 48378 582 3 while while IN 48378 582 4 cooking cooking NN 48378 582 5 is be VBZ 48378 582 6 lessened lessen VBN 48378 582 7 by by IN 48378 582 8 making make VBG 48378 582 9 the the DT 48378 582 10 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 582 11 long long RB 48378 582 12 enough enough RB 48378 582 13 to to TO 48378 582 14 permit permit VB 48378 582 15 a a DT 48378 582 16 short short JJ 48378 582 17 chimney chimney NN 48378 582 18 ( ( -LRB- 48378 582 19 fig fig NN 48378 582 20 . . . 48378 583 1 40 40 CD 48378 583 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 583 3 . . . 48378 584 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 584 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 584 3 : : : 48378 584 4 Figure figure NN 48378 584 5 41.--An 41.--an CD 48378 584 6 outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 584 7 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 584 8 built build VBN 48378 584 9 back back RB 48378 584 10 of of IN 48378 584 11 an an DT 48378 584 12 inside inside JJ 48378 584 13 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 584 14 and and CC 48378 584 15 opening opening NN 48378 584 16 onto onto IN 48378 584 17 a a DT 48378 584 18 paved paved JJ 48378 584 19 terrace terrace NN 48378 584 20 provides provide VBZ 48378 584 21 comfort comfort NN 48378 584 22 in in IN 48378 584 23 early early JJ 48378 584 24 fall fall NN 48378 584 25 . . . 48378 584 26 ] ] -RRB- 48378 585 1 A a DT 48378 585 2 circle circle NN 48378 585 3 of of IN 48378 585 4 stones stone NNS 48378 585 5 laid lay VBN 48378 585 6 loosely loosely RB 48378 585 7 on on IN 48378 585 8 the the DT 48378 585 9 surface surface NN 48378 585 10 , , , 48378 585 11 larger large JJR 48378 585 12 stones stone NNS 48378 585 13 set set VBP 48378 585 14 partly partly RB 48378 585 15 into into IN 48378 585 16 the the DT 48378 585 17 ground ground NN 48378 585 18 , , , 48378 585 19 or or CC 48378 585 20 carefully carefully RB 48378 585 21 laid lay VBN 48378 585 22 masonry masonry NN 48378 585 23 walls wall NNS 48378 585 24 on on IN 48378 585 25 a a DT 48378 585 26 stable stable JJ 48378 585 27 foundation foundation NN 48378 585 28 may may MD 48378 585 29 be be VB 48378 585 30 used use VBN 48378 585 31 for for IN 48378 585 32 campfires campfire NNS 48378 585 33 and and CC 48378 585 34 small small JJ 48378 585 35 barbecue barbecue JJ 48378 585 36 parties party NNS 48378 585 37 . . . 48378 586 1 A a DT 48378 586 2 cast cast JJ 48378 586 3 - - HYPH 48378 586 4 iron iron NN 48378 586 5 pot pot NN 48378 586 6 with with IN 48378 586 7 a a DT 48378 586 8 lid lid NN 48378 586 9 can can MD 48378 586 10 be be VB 48378 586 11 buried bury VBN 48378 586 12 in in IN 48378 586 13 the the DT 48378 586 14 ashes ashe NNS 48378 586 15 for for IN 48378 586 16 baking baking NN 48378 586 17 . . . 48378 587 1 Pipe pipe NN 48378 587 2 supports support VBZ 48378 587 3 for for IN 48378 587 4 pots pot NNS 48378 587 5 and and CC 48378 587 6 pans pan NNS 48378 587 7 built build VBN 48378 587 8 into into IN 48378 587 9 the the DT 48378 587 10 masonry masonry NN 48378 587 11 are be VBP 48378 587 12 a a DT 48378 587 13 convenience convenience NN 48378 587 14 ; ; : 48378 587 15 they -PRON- PRP 48378 587 16 can can MD 48378 587 17 be be VB 48378 587 18 homemade homemade JJ 48378 587 19 or or CC 48378 587 20 purchased purchase VBN 48378 587 21 . . . 48378 588 1 Spits spit NNS 48378 588 2 for for IN 48378 588 3 roasting roasting NN 48378 588 4 can can MD 48378 588 5 be be VB 48378 588 6 improvised improvise VBN 48378 588 7 or or CC 48378 588 8 bought buy VBN 48378 588 9 . . . 48378 589 1 Fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 589 2 opening open VBG 48378 589 3 onto onto IN 48378 589 4 an an DT 48378 589 5 enclosed enclose VBN 48378 589 6 porch porch NN 48378 589 7 or or CC 48378 589 8 paved paved JJ 48378 589 9 terrace terrace NN 48378 589 10 , , , 48378 589 11 are be VBP 48378 589 12 often often RB 48378 589 13 built build VBN 48378 589 14 as as IN 48378 589 15 an an DT 48378 589 16 integral integral JJ 48378 589 17 part part NN 48378 589 18 of of IN 48378 589 19 the the DT 48378 589 20 house house NNP 48378 589 21 chimney chimney NN 48378 589 22 ( ( -LRB- 48378 589 23 fig fig NN 48378 589 24 . . . 48378 590 1 41 41 CD 48378 590 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 590 3 . . . 48378 591 1 The the DT 48378 591 2 corner corner NN 48378 591 3 of of IN 48378 591 4 boundary boundary JJ 48378 591 5 walls wall NNS 48378 591 6 permits permit VBZ 48378 591 7 effective effective JJ 48378 591 8 treatment treatment NN 48378 591 9 . . . 48378 592 1 Such such JJ 48378 592 2 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 592 3 should should MD 48378 592 4 meet meet VB 48378 592 5 the the DT 48378 592 6 regulations regulation NNS 48378 592 7 of of IN 48378 592 8 local local JJ 48378 592 9 fire fire NN 48378 592 10 authorities authority NNS 48378 592 11 and and CC 48378 592 12 be be VB 48378 592 13 built build VBN 48378 592 14 with with IN 48378 592 15 the the DT 48378 592 16 same same JJ 48378 592 17 care care NN 48378 592 18 and and CC 48378 592 19 be be VB 48378 592 20 subject subject JJ 48378 592 21 to to IN 48378 592 22 the the DT 48378 592 23 same same JJ 48378 592 24 rules rule NNS 48378 592 25 as as IN 48378 592 26 inside inside JJ 48378 592 27 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 592 28 . . . 48378 593 1 OBTAINING obtain VBG 48378 593 2 PLANS plan NNS 48378 593 3 Plans Plans NNPS 48378 593 4 for for IN 48378 593 5 outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 593 6 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 593 7 are be VBP 48378 593 8 available available JJ 48378 593 9 from from IN 48378 593 10 various various JJ 48378 593 11 publishing publishing NN 48378 593 12 houses house NNS 48378 593 13 ; ; , 48378 593 14 several several JJ 48378 593 15 magazines magazine NNS 48378 593 16 feature feature VBP 48378 593 17 illustrations illustration NNS 48378 593 18 that that WDT 48378 593 19 can can MD 48378 593 20 be be VB 48378 593 21 adapted adapt VBN 48378 593 22 to to IN 48378 593 23 the the DT 48378 593 24 material material NN 48378 593 25 at at IN 48378 593 26 hand hand NN 48378 593 27 . . . 48378 594 1 If if IN 48378 594 2 a a DT 48378 594 3 structure structure NN 48378 594 4 is be VBZ 48378 594 5 to to TO 48378 594 6 be be VB 48378 594 7 built build VBN 48378 594 8 with with IN 48378 594 9 local local JJ 48378 594 10 labor labor NN 48378 594 11 and and CC 48378 594 12 material material NN 48378 594 13 , , , 48378 594 14 simple simple JJ 48378 594 15 designs design NNS 48378 594 16 are be VBP 48378 594 17 advisable advisable JJ 48378 594 18 . . . 48378 595 1 The the DT 48378 595 2 size size NN 48378 595 3 of of IN 48378 595 4 stones stone NNS 48378 595 5 , , , 48378 595 6 joints joint NNS 48378 595 7 , , , 48378 595 8 and and CC 48378 595 9 proportions proportion NNS 48378 595 10 have have VBP 48378 595 11 a a DT 48378 595 12 direct direct JJ 48378 595 13 influence influence NN 48378 595 14 upon upon IN 48378 595 15 appearance appearance NN 48378 595 16 , , , 48378 595 17 and and CC 48378 595 18 good good JJ 48378 595 19 personal personal JJ 48378 595 20 taste taste NN 48378 595 21 frequently frequently RB 48378 595 22 results result VBZ 48378 595 23 in in IN 48378 595 24 more more RBR 48378 595 25 pleasing pleasing JJ 48378 595 26 structures structure NNS 48378 595 27 than than IN 48378 595 28 blind blind JJ 48378 595 29 adherence adherence NN 48378 595 30 to to IN 48378 595 31 conventional conventional JJ 48378 595 32 designs design NNS 48378 595 33 . . . 48378 596 1 The the DT 48378 596 2 various various JJ 48378 596 3 combinations combination NNS 48378 596 4 of of IN 48378 596 5 ovens oven NNS 48378 596 6 , , , 48378 596 7 cranes crane NNS 48378 596 8 , , , 48378 596 9 grilles grille NNS 48378 596 10 , , , 48378 596 11 storage storage NN 48378 596 12 compartments compartment NNS 48378 596 13 , , , 48378 596 14 benches bench NNS 48378 596 15 , , , 48378 596 16 lights light NNS 48378 596 17 , , , 48378 596 18 sinks sink NNS 48378 596 19 , , , 48378 596 20 etc etc FW 48378 596 21 . . FW 48378 596 22 , , , 48378 596 23 to to TO 48378 596 24 be be VB 48378 596 25 used use VBN 48378 596 26 as as IN 48378 596 27 built build VBN 48378 596 28 - - HYPH 48378 596 29 in in RP 48378 596 30 features feature NNS 48378 596 31 affect affect VBP 48378 596 32 the the DT 48378 596 33 design design NN 48378 596 34 . . . 48378 597 1 Before before IN 48378 597 2 planning plan VBG 48378 597 3 a a DT 48378 597 4 structure structure NN 48378 597 5 with with IN 48378 597 6 these these DT 48378 597 7 features feature NNS 48378 597 8 , , , 48378 597 9 catalogs catalog NNS 48378 597 10 of of IN 48378 597 11 dealers dealer NNS 48378 597 12 in in IN 48378 597 13 outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 597 14 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 597 15 equipment equipment NN 48378 597 16 should should MD 48378 597 17 be be VB 48378 597 18 consulted consult VBN 48378 597 19 for for IN 48378 597 20 sizes size NNS 48378 597 21 of of IN 48378 597 22 the the DT 48378 597 23 available available JJ 48378 597 24 accessories accessory NNS 48378 597 25 so so IN 48378 597 26 that that IN 48378 597 27 ample ample JJ 48378 597 28 space space NN 48378 597 29 and and CC 48378 597 30 proper proper JJ 48378 597 31 details detail NNS 48378 597 32 can can MD 48378 597 33 be be VB 48378 597 34 provided provide VBN 48378 597 35 in in IN 48378 597 36 the the DT 48378 597 37 masonry masonry NN 48378 597 38 for for IN 48378 597 39 building build VBG 48378 597 40 them -PRON- PRP 48378 597 41 in in RP 48378 597 42 . . . 48378 598 1 Skilled skilled JJ 48378 598 2 labor labor NN 48378 598 3 should should MD 48378 598 4 be be VB 48378 598 5 employed employ VBN 48378 598 6 for for IN 48378 598 7 elaborate elaborate JJ 48378 598 8 designs design NNS 48378 598 9 ( ( -LRB- 48378 598 10 fig fig NN 48378 598 11 . . . 48378 599 1 42 42 LS 48378 599 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 599 3 when when WRB 48378 599 4 much much JJ 48378 599 5 equipment equipment NN 48378 599 6 is be VBZ 48378 599 7 built build VBN 48378 599 8 in in IN 48378 599 9 or or CC 48378 599 10 when when WRB 48378 599 11 the the DT 48378 599 12 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 599 13 , , , 48378 599 14 as as IN 48378 599 15 in in IN 48378 599 16 figure figure NN 48378 599 17 41 41 CD 48378 599 18 , , , 48378 599 19 is be VBZ 48378 599 20 an an DT 48378 599 21 integral integral JJ 48378 599 22 part part NN 48378 599 23 of of IN 48378 599 24 a a DT 48378 599 25 permanent permanent JJ 48378 599 26 building building NN 48378 599 27 . . . 48378 600 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 600 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 600 3 : : : 48378 600 4 Figure figure NN 48378 600 5 42.--This 42.--this CD 48378 600 6 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 600 7 , , , 48378 600 8 set set VBN 48378 600 9 at at IN 48378 600 10 a a DT 48378 600 11 focal focal JJ 48378 600 12 point point NN 48378 600 13 in in IN 48378 600 14 the the DT 48378 600 15 garden garden NN 48378 600 16 , , , 48378 600 17 enhances enhance VBZ 48378 600 18 the the DT 48378 600 19 landscape landscape NN 48378 600 20 . . . 48378 601 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 601 2 was be VBD 48378 601 3 built build VBN 48378 601 4 by by IN 48378 601 5 a a DT 48378 601 6 skilled skilled JJ 48378 601 7 mason mason NNP 48378 601 8 . . . 48378 601 9 ] ] -RRB- 48378 602 1 CONSTRUCTION construction NN 48378 602 2 Ordinarily ordinarily RB 48378 602 3 the the DT 48378 602 4 fire fire NN 48378 602 5 is be VBZ 48378 602 6 built build VBN 48378 602 7 on on IN 48378 602 8 the the DT 48378 602 9 hearth hearth NN 48378 602 10 , , , 48378 602 11 no no DT 48378 602 12 grate grate NN 48378 602 13 being be VBG 48378 602 14 used use VBN 48378 602 15 . . . 48378 603 1 Fire fire NN 48378 603 2 regulations regulation NNS 48378 603 3 in in IN 48378 603 4 hazardous hazardous JJ 48378 603 5 localities locality NNS 48378 603 6 may may MD 48378 603 7 require require VB 48378 603 8 firing fire VBG 48378 603 9 doors door NNS 48378 603 10 , , , 48378 603 11 dampers damper NNS 48378 603 12 , , , 48378 603 13 spark spark NN 48378 603 14 screens screen NNS 48378 603 15 , , , 48378 603 16 and and CC 48378 603 17 a a DT 48378 603 18 solid solid JJ 48378 603 19 - - HYPH 48378 603 20 plate plate NN 48378 603 21 cooking cooking NN 48378 603 22 surface surface NN 48378 603 23 ; ; : 48378 603 24 otherwise otherwise RB 48378 603 25 these these DT 48378 603 26 features feature NNS 48378 603 27 are be VBP 48378 603 28 not not RB 48378 603 29 essential essential JJ 48378 603 30 . . . 48378 604 1 Two two CD 48378 604 2 and and CC 48378 604 3 a a DT 48378 604 4 half half JJ 48378 604 5 square square JJ 48378 604 6 feet foot NNS 48378 604 7 of of IN 48378 604 8 cooking cook VBG 48378 604 9 surface surface NN 48378 604 10 is be VBZ 48378 604 11 desirable desirable JJ 48378 604 12 , , , 48378 604 13 while while IN 48378 604 14 access access NN 48378 604 15 to to IN 48378 604 16 both both DT 48378 604 17 sides side NNS 48378 604 18 and and CC 48378 604 19 the the DT 48378 604 20 end end NN 48378 604 21 permit permit NN 48378 604 22 several several JJ 48378 604 23 people people NNS 48378 604 24 to to TO 48378 604 25 cook cook VB 48378 604 26 at at IN 48378 604 27 the the DT 48378 604 28 same same JJ 48378 604 29 time time NN 48378 604 30 . . . 48378 605 1 The the DT 48378 605 2 side side NN 48378 605 3 walls wall NNS 48378 605 4 should should MD 48378 605 5 have have VB 48378 605 6 fairly fairly RB 48378 605 7 level level NN 48378 605 8 tops top NNS 48378 605 9 for for IN 48378 605 10 pots pot NNS 48378 605 11 and and CC 48378 605 12 pans pan NNS 48378 605 13 . . . 48378 606 1 Side side NN 48378 606 2 walls wall NNS 48378 606 3 are be VBP 48378 606 4 made make VBN 48378 606 5 2 2 CD 48378 606 6 to to IN 48378 606 7 6 6 CD 48378 606 8 inches inch NNS 48378 606 9 higher high JJR 48378 606 10 than than IN 48378 606 11 the the DT 48378 606 12 cooking cooking NN 48378 606 13 level level NN 48378 606 14 to to TO 48378 606 15 permit permit VB 48378 606 16 anchoring anchor VBG 48378 606 17 the the DT 48378 606 18 grille grille NNP 48378 606 19 ; ; : 48378 606 20 if if IN 48378 606 21 too too RB 48378 606 22 high high JJ 48378 606 23 , , , 48378 606 24 they -PRON- PRP 48378 606 25 interfere interfere VBP 48378 606 26 with with IN 48378 606 27 cooking cooking NN 48378 606 28 . . . 48378 607 1 Commercial commercial JJ 48378 607 2 grilles grille NNS 48378 607 3 are be VBP 48378 607 4 available available JJ 48378 607 5 , , , 48378 607 6 but but CC 48378 607 7 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 48378 607 8 ones one NNS 48378 607 9 can can MD 48378 607 10 be be VB 48378 607 11 made make VBN 48378 607 12 of of IN 48378 607 13 ½-inch ½-inch CD 48378 607 14 to to IN 48378 607 15 ¾-inch ¾-inch NNP 48378 607 16 pipe pipe NN 48378 607 17 or or CC 48378 607 18 5/8-inch 5/8-inch CD 48378 607 19 reinforcing reinforce VBG 48378 607 20 rods rod NNS 48378 607 21 . . . 48378 608 1 The the DT 48378 608 2 pipes pipe NNS 48378 608 3 should should MD 48378 608 4 be be VB 48378 608 5 6 6 CD 48378 608 6 to to TO 48378 608 7 10 10 CD 48378 608 8 inches inch NNS 48378 608 9 longer long JJR 48378 608 10 than than IN 48378 608 11 the the DT 48378 608 12 width width NN 48378 608 13 of of IN 48378 608 14 the the DT 48378 608 15 firebox firebox NN 48378 608 16 ; ; : 48378 608 17 they -PRON- PRP 48378 608 18 should should MD 48378 608 19 be be VB 48378 608 20 spaced space VBN 48378 608 21 not not RB 48378 608 22 more more JJR 48378 608 23 than than IN 48378 608 24 1¼ 1¼ CD 48378 608 25 inches inch NNS 48378 608 26 apart apart RB 48378 608 27 and and CC 48378 608 28 have have VB 48378 608 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 48378 608 30 tops top NNS 48378 608 31 exactly exactly RB 48378 608 32 level level NN 48378 608 33 to to TO 48378 608 34 prevent prevent VB 48378 608 35 pots pot NNS 48378 608 36 and and CC 48378 608 37 pans pan NNS 48378 608 38 from from IN 48378 608 39 wobbling wobble VBG 48378 608 40 . . . 48378 609 1 Two two CD 48378 609 2 or or CC 48378 609 3 three three CD 48378 609 4 pipes pipe NNS 48378 609 5 can can MD 48378 609 6 be be VB 48378 609 7 used use VBN 48378 609 8 for for IN 48378 609 9 a a DT 48378 609 10 lintel lintel NN 48378 609 11 over over IN 48378 609 12 the the DT 48378 609 13 opening opening NN 48378 609 14 into into IN 48378 609 15 the the DT 48378 609 16 flue flue JJ 48378 609 17 if if IN 48378 609 18 regular regular JJ 48378 609 19 iron iron NN 48378 609 20 lintels lintel NNS 48378 609 21 are be VBP 48378 609 22 not not RB 48378 609 23 available available JJ 48378 609 24 . . . 48378 610 1 Where where WRB 48378 610 2 a a DT 48378 610 3 solid solid JJ 48378 610 4 top top NN 48378 610 5 is be VBZ 48378 610 6 desired desire VBN 48378 610 7 , , , 48378 610 8 it -PRON- PRP 48378 610 9 should should MD 48378 610 10 be be VB 48378 610 11 of of IN 48378 610 12 boiler boiler NN 48378 610 13 plate plate NN 48378 610 14 at at IN 48378 610 15 least least JJS 48378 610 16 ¼-inch ¼-inch XX 48378 610 17 thick thick JJ 48378 610 18 . . . 48378 611 1 Such such JJ 48378 611 2 plates plate NNS 48378 611 3 must must MD 48378 611 4 be be VB 48378 611 5 stiffened stiffen VBN 48378 611 6 to to TO 48378 611 7 prevent prevent VB 48378 611 8 buckling buckling NN 48378 611 9 by by IN 48378 611 10 alternate alternate JJ 48378 611 11 heating heating NN 48378 611 12 and and CC 48378 611 13 cooling cooling NN 48378 611 14 ; ; : 48378 611 15 for for IN 48378 611 16 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 611 17 purposes purpose NNS 48378 611 18 they -PRON- PRP 48378 611 19 are be VBP 48378 611 20 merely merely RB 48378 611 21 set set VBN 48378 611 22 on on IN 48378 611 23 top top NN 48378 611 24 of of IN 48378 611 25 the the DT 48378 611 26 grid grid NN 48378 611 27 though though IN 48378 611 28 they -PRON- PRP 48378 611 29 may may MD 48378 611 30 be be VB 48378 611 31 hinged hinge VBN 48378 611 32 at at IN 48378 611 33 the the DT 48378 611 34 rear rear NN 48378 611 35 so so IN 48378 611 36 they -PRON- PRP 48378 611 37 can can MD 48378 611 38 be be VB 48378 611 39 tipped tip VBN 48378 611 40 back back RB 48378 611 41 against against IN 48378 611 42 the the DT 48378 611 43 chimney chimney NN 48378 611 44 . . . 48378 612 1 The the DT 48378 612 2 best good JJS 48378 612 3 draft draft NN 48378 612 4 is be VBZ 48378 612 5 secured secure VBN 48378 612 6 when when WRB 48378 612 7 the the DT 48378 612 8 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 612 9 faces face VBZ 48378 612 10 the the DT 48378 612 11 direction direction NN 48378 612 12 of of IN 48378 612 13 prevailing prevail VBG 48378 612 14 breezes breeze NNS 48378 612 15 and and CC 48378 612 16 is be VBZ 48378 612 17 protected protect VBN 48378 612 18 from from IN 48378 612 19 strong strong JJ 48378 612 20 winds wind NNS 48378 612 21 which which WDT 48378 612 22 might may MD 48378 612 23 scatter scatter VB 48378 612 24 sparks spark NNS 48378 612 25 . . . 48378 613 1 If if IN 48378 613 2 the the DT 48378 613 3 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 613 4 is be VBZ 48378 613 5 built build VBN 48378 613 6 too too RB 48378 613 7 near near IN 48378 613 8 shrubbery shrubbery NN 48378 613 9 or or CC 48378 613 10 under under IN 48378 613 11 trees tree NNS 48378 613 12 , , , 48378 613 13 the the DT 48378 613 14 heat heat NN 48378 613 15 and and CC 48378 613 16 smoke smoke NN 48378 613 17 may may MD 48378 613 18 damage damage VB 48378 613 19 or or CC 48378 613 20 burn burn VB 48378 613 21 the the DT 48378 613 22 foliage foliage NN 48378 613 23 . . . 48378 614 1 A a DT 48378 614 2 slight slight JJ 48378 614 3 rise rise NN 48378 614 4 or or CC 48378 614 5 a a DT 48378 614 6 gentle gentle JJ 48378 614 7 slope slope NN 48378 614 8 that that WDT 48378 614 9 affords afford VBZ 48378 614 10 good good JJ 48378 614 11 drainage drainage NN 48378 614 12 should should MD 48378 614 13 be be VB 48378 614 14 selected select VBN 48378 614 15 . . . 48378 615 1 Paving pave VBG 48378 615 2 the the DT 48378 615 3 ground ground NN 48378 615 4 around around IN 48378 615 5 the the DT 48378 615 6 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 615 7 , , , 48378 615 8 with with IN 48378 615 9 flagstones flagstone NNS 48378 615 10 or or CC 48378 615 11 covering cover VBG 48378 615 12 it -PRON- PRP 48378 615 13 with with IN 48378 615 14 a a DT 48378 615 15 layer layer NN 48378 615 16 of of IN 48378 615 17 gravel gravel NN 48378 615 18 or or CC 48378 615 19 sand sand NN 48378 615 20 will will MD 48378 615 21 prevent prevent VB 48378 615 22 the the DT 48378 615 23 area area NN 48378 615 24 from from IN 48378 615 25 becoming become VBG 48378 615 26 a a DT 48378 615 27 mudhole mudhole NN 48378 615 28 or or CC 48378 615 29 an an DT 48378 615 30 unsightly unsightly RB 48378 615 31 bare bare JJ 48378 615 32 spot spot NN 48378 615 33 ; ; : 48378 615 34 also also RB 48378 615 35 , , , 48378 615 36 danger danger NN 48378 615 37 of of IN 48378 615 38 starting start VBG 48378 615 39 brush brush NN 48378 615 40 fires fire NNS 48378 615 41 by by IN 48378 615 42 sparks spark NNS 48378 615 43 falling fall VBG 48378 615 44 from from IN 48378 615 45 the the DT 48378 615 46 firebox firebox NN 48378 615 47 is be VBZ 48378 615 48 lessened lessen VBN 48378 615 49 . . . 48378 616 1 Fireboxes Fireboxes NNP 48378 616 2 12 12 CD 48378 616 3 to to TO 48378 616 4 16 16 CD 48378 616 5 inches inch NNS 48378 616 6 wide wide JJ 48378 616 7 , , , 48378 616 8 16 16 CD 48378 616 9 to to TO 48378 616 10 24 24 CD 48378 616 11 inches inch NNS 48378 616 12 long long JJ 48378 616 13 , , , 48378 616 14 and and CC 48378 616 15 6 6 CD 48378 616 16 to to TO 48378 616 17 8 8 CD 48378 616 18 inches inch NNS 48378 616 19 deep deep JJ 48378 616 20 with with IN 48378 616 21 the the DT 48378 616 22 hearth hearth NN 48378 616 23 at at IN 48378 616 24 9 9 CD 48378 616 25 to to IN 48378 616 26 16 16 CD 48378 616 27 inches inch NNS 48378 616 28 above above IN 48378 616 29 the the DT 48378 616 30 ground ground NN 48378 616 31 are be VBP 48378 616 32 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 616 33 for for IN 48378 616 34 most most JJS 48378 616 35 purposes purpose NNS 48378 616 36 . . . 48378 617 1 Large large JJ 48378 617 2 fireboxes firebox NNS 48378 617 3 are be VBP 48378 617 4 wasteful wasteful JJ 48378 617 5 of of IN 48378 617 6 fuel fuel NN 48378 617 7 ; ; : 48378 617 8 while while IN 48378 617 9 , , , 48378 617 10 if if IN 48378 617 11 the the DT 48378 617 12 grille grille NN 48378 617 13 is be VBZ 48378 617 14 too too RB 48378 617 15 high high JJ 48378 617 16 above above IN 48378 617 17 the the DT 48378 617 18 hearth hearth JJ 48378 617 19 , , , 48378 617 20 much much JJ 48378 617 21 of of IN 48378 617 22 the the DT 48378 617 23 best good JJS 48378 617 24 cooking cooking JJ 48378 617 25 heat heat NN 48378 617 26 from from IN 48378 617 27 glowing glow VBG 48378 617 28 coals coal NNS 48378 617 29 is be VBZ 48378 617 30 lost lose VBN 48378 617 31 . . . 48378 618 1 Most Most JJS 48378 618 2 grilles grille NNS 48378 618 3 are be VBP 48378 618 4 set set VBN 48378 618 5 15 15 CD 48378 618 6 to to TO 48378 618 7 24 24 CD 48378 618 8 inches inch NNS 48378 618 9 above above IN 48378 618 10 the the DT 48378 618 11 ground ground NN 48378 618 12 , , , 48378 618 13 though though IN 48378 618 14 30 30 CD 48378 618 15 inches inch NNS 48378 618 16 may may MD 48378 618 17 be be VB 48378 618 18 desirable desirable JJ 48378 618 19 to to TO 48378 618 20 avoid avoid VB 48378 618 21 the the DT 48378 618 22 necessity necessity NN 48378 618 23 of of IN 48378 618 24 stooping stoop VBG 48378 618 25 when when WRB 48378 618 26 cooking cooking NN 48378 618 27 . . . 48378 619 1 The the DT 48378 619 2 hearth hearth NN 48378 619 3 should should MD 48378 619 4 slope slope VB 48378 619 5 1 1 CD 48378 619 6 to to IN 48378 619 7 2 2 CD 48378 619 8 inches inch NNS 48378 619 9 toward toward IN 48378 619 10 the the DT 48378 619 11 front front NN 48378 619 12 so so IN 48378 619 13 that that DT 48378 619 14 rain rain NN 48378 619 15 water water NN 48378 619 16 will will MD 48378 619 17 drain drain VB 48378 619 18 away away RB 48378 619 19 . . . 48378 620 1 The the DT 48378 620 2 area area NN 48378 620 3 of of IN 48378 620 4 the the DT 48378 620 5 chimney chimney NN 48378 620 6 flue flue NN 48378 620 7 should should MD 48378 620 8 be be VB 48378 620 9 at at RB 48378 620 10 least least RBS 48378 620 11 one one CD 48378 620 12 - - HYPH 48378 620 13 eighth eighth CD 48378 620 14 the the DT 48378 620 15 vertical vertical JJ 48378 620 16 cross cross JJ 48378 620 17 - - JJ 48378 620 18 sectional sectional JJ 48378 620 19 area area NN 48378 620 20 of of IN 48378 620 21 the the DT 48378 620 22 firebox firebox NN 48378 620 23 . . . 48378 621 1 Fire fire NN 48378 621 2 - - HYPH 48378 621 3 clay clay NN 48378 621 4 linings lining NNS 48378 621 5 for for IN 48378 621 6 the the DT 48378 621 7 firebox firebox NN 48378 621 8 and and CC 48378 621 9 flue flue NN 48378 621 10 are be VBP 48378 621 11 not not RB 48378 621 12 absolutely absolutely RB 48378 621 13 necessary necessary JJ 48378 621 14 except except IN 48378 621 15 when when WRB 48378 621 16 required require VBN 48378 621 17 by by IN 48378 621 18 fire fire NN 48378 621 19 regulations regulation NNS 48378 621 20 or or CC 48378 621 21 where where WRB 48378 621 22 hot hot JJ 48378 621 23 fires fire NNS 48378 621 24 are be VBP 48378 621 25 maintained maintain VBN 48378 621 26 for for IN 48378 621 27 long long JJ 48378 621 28 periods period NNS 48378 621 29 . . . 48378 622 1 They -PRON- PRP 48378 622 2 , , , 48378 622 3 or or CC 48378 622 4 common common JJ 48378 622 5 brick brick NN 48378 622 6 linings lining NNS 48378 622 7 , , , 48378 622 8 are be VBP 48378 622 9 advisable advisable JJ 48378 622 10 for for IN 48378 622 11 the the DT 48378 622 12 more more RBR 48378 622 13 permanent permanent JJ 48378 622 14 and and CC 48378 622 15 expensive expensive JJ 48378 622 16 structures structure NNS 48378 622 17 or or CC 48378 622 18 where where WRB 48378 622 19 it -PRON- PRP 48378 622 20 is be VBZ 48378 622 21 necessary necessary JJ 48378 622 22 to to TO 48378 622 23 use use VB 48378 622 24 porous porous JJ 48378 622 25 stone stone NN 48378 622 26 , , , 48378 622 27 such such JJ 48378 622 28 as as IN 48378 622 29 sandstone sandstone NN 48378 622 30 and and CC 48378 622 31 most most RBS 48378 622 32 stratified stratified JJ 48378 622 33 rocks rock NNS 48378 622 34 , , , 48378 622 35 which which WDT 48378 622 36 absorb absorb VBP 48378 622 37 water water NN 48378 622 38 and and CC 48378 622 39 flake flake NN 48378 622 40 or or CC 48378 622 41 chip chip NN 48378 622 42 upon upon IN 48378 622 43 exposure exposure NN 48378 622 44 to to IN 48378 622 45 fire fire NN 48378 622 46 . . . 48378 623 1 Most Most JJS 48378 623 2 rocks rock NNS 48378 623 3 or or CC 48378 623 4 stone stone NN 48378 623 5 that that WDT 48378 623 6 can can MD 48378 623 7 be be VB 48378 623 8 worked work VBN 48378 623 9 up up RP 48378 623 10 without without IN 48378 623 11 special special JJ 48378 623 12 tools tool NNS 48378 623 13 or or CC 48378 623 14 skill skill NN 48378 623 15 , , , 48378 623 16 brick brick NN 48378 623 17 , , , 48378 623 18 and and CC 48378 623 19 concrete concrete NN 48378 623 20 are be VBP 48378 623 21 adaptable adaptable JJ 48378 623 22 for for IN 48378 623 23 the the DT 48378 623 24 average average JJ 48378 623 25 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 623 26 ( ( -LRB- 48378 623 27 fig fig NN 48378 623 28 . . . 48378 624 1 43 43 LS 48378 624 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 624 3 . . . 48378 625 1 The the DT 48378 625 2 size size NN 48378 625 3 of of IN 48378 625 4 the the DT 48378 625 5 stones stone NNS 48378 625 6 determines determine VBZ 48378 625 7 the the DT 48378 625 8 thickness thickness NN 48378 625 9 of of IN 48378 625 10 the the DT 48378 625 11 walls wall NNS 48378 625 12 ; ; : 48378 625 13 no no DT 48378 625 14 wall wall NN 48378 625 15 should should MD 48378 625 16 be be VB 48378 625 17 less less JJR 48378 625 18 than than IN 48378 625 19 8 8 CD 48378 625 20 inches inch NNS 48378 625 21 thick thick JJ 48378 625 22 . . . 48378 626 1 Where where WRB 48378 626 2 suitable suitable JJ 48378 626 3 stone stone NN 48378 626 4 is be VBZ 48378 626 5 difficult difficult JJ 48378 626 6 to to TO 48378 626 7 get get VB 48378 626 8 in in IN 48378 626 9 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 626 10 quantity quantity NN 48378 626 11 , , , 48378 626 12 the the DT 48378 626 13 exposed expose VBN 48378 626 14 surface surface NN 48378 626 15 may may MD 48378 626 16 consist consist VB 48378 626 17 of of IN 48378 626 18 a a DT 48378 626 19 shell shell NN 48378 626 20 the the DT 48378 626 21 thickness thickness NN 48378 626 22 of of IN 48378 626 23 the the DT 48378 626 24 stone stone NN 48378 626 25 and and CC 48378 626 26 the the DT 48378 626 27 inner inner JJ 48378 626 28 portion portion NN 48378 626 29 of of IN 48378 626 30 the the DT 48378 626 31 wall wall NN 48378 626 32 be be VB 48378 626 33 made make VBN 48378 626 34 of of IN 48378 626 35 concrete concrete JJ 48378 626 36 or or CC 48378 626 37 large large JJ 48378 626 38 stone stone NN 48378 626 39 bedded bed VBD 48378 626 40 in in IN 48378 626 41 concrete concrete NN 48378 626 42 . . . 48378 627 1 When when WRB 48378 627 2 flue flue JJ 48378 627 3 lining lining NN 48378 627 4 is be VBZ 48378 627 5 necessary necessary JJ 48378 627 6 , , , 48378 627 7 it -PRON- PRP 48378 627 8 will will MD 48378 627 9 serve serve VB 48378 627 10 as as IN 48378 627 11 a a DT 48378 627 12 form form NN 48378 627 13 for for IN 48378 627 14 the the DT 48378 627 15 flue flue NN 48378 627 16 : : : 48378 627 17 otherwise otherwise RB 48378 627 18 a a DT 48378 627 19 metal metal NN 48378 627 20 stovepipe stovepipe NN 48378 627 21 makes make VBZ 48378 627 22 a a DT 48378 627 23 practical practical JJ 48378 627 24 form form NN 48378 627 25 , , , 48378 627 26 or or CC 48378 627 27 the the DT 48378 627 28 flue flue NN 48378 627 29 can can MD 48378 627 30 be be VB 48378 627 31 formed form VBN 48378 627 32 of of IN 48378 627 33 brick brick NN 48378 627 34 laid lay VBN 48378 627 35 on on IN 48378 627 36 edge edge NN 48378 627 37 . . . 48378 628 1 The the DT 48378 628 2 stones stone NNS 48378 628 3 can can MD 48378 628 4 be be VB 48378 628 5 laid lay VBN 48378 628 6 and and CC 48378 628 7 the the DT 48378 628 8 concrete concrete NN 48378 628 9 deposited deposit VBN 48378 628 10 with with IN 48378 628 11 the the DT 48378 628 12 least least JJS 48378 628 13 trouble trouble NN 48378 628 14 by by IN 48378 628 15 building build VBG 48378 628 16 the the DT 48378 628 17 veneer veneer NN 48378 628 18 and and CC 48378 628 19 flue flue VBD 48378 628 20 only only RB 48378 628 21 6 6 CD 48378 628 22 to to TO 48378 628 23 8 8 CD 48378 628 24 inches inch NNS 48378 628 25 high high JJ 48378 628 26 at at IN 48378 628 27 one one CD 48378 628 28 time time NN 48378 628 29 . . . 48378 629 1 All all DT 48378 629 2 masonry masonry NN 48378 629 3 should should MD 48378 629 4 be be VB 48378 629 5 laid lay VBN 48378 629 6 in in IN 48378 629 7 mortar mortar NN 48378 629 8 , , , 48378 629 9 as as IN 48378 629 10 described describe VBN 48378 629 11 on on IN 48378 629 12 page page NN 48378 629 13 10 10 CD 48378 629 14 . . . 48378 630 1 Concrete concrete NN 48378 630 2 made make VBN 48378 630 3 in in IN 48378 630 4 the the DT 48378 630 5 proportions proportion NNS 48378 630 6 1:2½:4 1:2½:4 CD 48378 630 7 will will MD 48378 630 8 serve serve VB 48378 630 9 most most JJS 48378 630 10 purposes purpose NNS 48378 630 11 where where WRB 48378 630 12 wall wall NN 48378 630 13 sections section NNS 48378 630 14 are be VBP 48378 630 15 about about RB 48378 630 16 8 8 CD 48378 630 17 inches inch NNS 48378 630 18 thick thick JJ 48378 630 19 . . . 48378 631 1 For for IN 48378 631 2 heavy heavy JJ 48378 631 3 foundations foundation NNS 48378 631 4 and and CC 48378 631 5 thick thick JJ 48378 631 6 walls wall NNS 48378 631 7 not not RB 48378 631 8 subject subject JJ 48378 631 9 to to IN 48378 631 10 direct direct JJ 48378 631 11 fire fire NN 48378 631 12 , , , 48378 631 13 1:3:6 1:3:6 CD 48378 631 14 concrete concrete NN 48378 631 15 is be VBZ 48378 631 16 strong strong JJ 48378 631 17 enough enough RB 48378 631 18 . . . 48378 632 1 A a DT 48378 632 2 concrete concrete JJ 48378 632 3 slab slab NN 48378 632 4 4 4 CD 48378 632 5 to to TO 48378 632 6 8 8 CD 48378 632 7 inches inch NNS 48378 632 8 thick thick JJ 48378 632 9 with with IN 48378 632 10 the the DT 48378 632 11 bottom bottom NN 48378 632 12 4 4 CD 48378 632 13 to to IN 48378 632 14 6 6 CD 48378 632 15 inches inch NNS 48378 632 16 below below IN 48378 632 17 the the DT 48378 632 18 surface surface NN 48378 632 19 provides provide VBZ 48378 632 20 a a DT 48378 632 21 sufficient sufficient JJ 48378 632 22 foundation foundation NN 48378 632 23 for for IN 48378 632 24 medium medium NN 48378 632 25 - - HYPH 48378 632 26 sized sized JJ 48378 632 27 structures structure NNS 48378 632 28 where where WRB 48378 632 29 frost frost NN 48378 632 30 is be VBZ 48378 632 31 negligible negligible JJ 48378 632 32 and and CC 48378 632 33 the the DT 48378 632 34 soil soil NN 48378 632 35 is be VBZ 48378 632 36 well well RB 48378 632 37 drained drained JJ 48378 632 38 and and CC 48378 632 39 firm firm JJ 48378 632 40 . . . 48378 633 1 If if IN 48378 633 2 the the DT 48378 633 3 soil soil NN 48378 633 4 is be VBZ 48378 633 5 not not RB 48378 633 6 well well RB 48378 633 7 drained drain VBN 48378 633 8 a a DT 48378 633 9 6- 6- NNPS 48378 633 10 to to IN 48378 633 11 8-inch 8-inch CD 48378 633 12 layer layer NN 48378 633 13 of of IN 48378 633 14 stone stone NN 48378 633 15 , , , 48378 633 16 cinders cinder NNS 48378 633 17 , , , 48378 633 18 or or CC 48378 633 19 sand sand NN 48378 633 20 should should MD 48378 633 21 be be VB 48378 633 22 provided provide VBN 48378 633 23 under under IN 48378 633 24 the the DT 48378 633 25 slab slab NN 48378 633 26 and and CC 48378 633 27 the the DT 48378 633 28 surface surface NN 48378 633 29 of of IN 48378 633 30 the the DT 48378 633 31 immediate immediate JJ 48378 633 32 vicinity vicinity NN 48378 633 33 graded grade VBD 48378 633 34 or or CC 48378 633 35 otherwise otherwise RB 48378 633 36 protected protect VBN 48378 633 37 from from IN 48378 633 38 water water NN 48378 633 39 . . . 48378 634 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 634 2 is be VBZ 48378 634 3 advisable advisable JJ 48378 634 4 to to TO 48378 634 5 use use VB 48378 634 6 ¼-inch ¼-inch NNP 48378 634 7 or or CC 48378 634 8 ½-inch ½-inch NNP 48378 634 9 reinforcing reinforce VBG 48378 634 10 rods rod NNS 48378 634 11 , , , 48378 634 12 6 6 CD 48378 634 13 inches inch NNS 48378 634 14 apart apart RB 48378 634 15 in in IN 48378 634 16 both both DT 48378 634 17 directions direction NNS 48378 634 18 , , , 48378 634 19 one one CD 48378 634 20 - - HYPH 48378 634 21 third third NN 48378 634 22 the the DT 48378 634 23 distance distance NN 48378 634 24 from from IN 48378 634 25 the the DT 48378 634 26 top top NN 48378 634 27 in in IN 48378 634 28 slabs slab NNS 48378 634 29 for for IN 48378 634 30 all all DT 48378 634 31 but but IN 48378 634 32 the the DT 48378 634 33 smallest small JJS 48378 634 34 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 634 35 or or CC 48378 634 36 where where WRB 48378 634 37 frost frost NN 48378 634 38 is be VBZ 48378 634 39 not not RB 48378 634 40 severe severe JJ 48378 634 41 . . . 48378 635 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 635 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 635 3 : : : 48378 635 4 Figure figure NN 48378 635 5 43.--_A 43.--_a CD 48378 635 6 _ _ NNP 48378 635 7 , , , 48378 635 8 Ground Ground NNP 48378 635 9 plan plan NN 48378 635 10 of of IN 48378 635 11 a a DT 48378 635 12 stone stone NN 48378 635 13 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 635 14 that that WDT 48378 635 15 can can MD 48378 635 16 be be VB 48378 635 17 built build VBN 48378 635 18 in in IN 48378 635 19 different different JJ 48378 635 20 sizes size NNS 48378 635 21 to to TO 48378 635 22 suit suit VB 48378 635 23 the the DT 48378 635 24 landscape landscape NN 48378 635 25 ; ; : 48378 635 26 _ _ NNP 48378 635 27 B B NNP 48378 635 28 _ _ NNP 48378 635 29 , , , 48378 635 30 vertical vertical JJ 48378 635 31 - - HYPH 48378 635 32 section section NN 48378 635 33 sketch sketch NN 48378 635 34 ; ; : 48378 635 35 _ _ NNP 48378 635 36 C C NNP 48378 635 37 _ _ NNP 48378 635 38 , , , 48378 635 39 the the DT 48378 635 40 completed complete VBN 48378 635 41 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 635 42 . . . 48378 636 1 The the DT 48378 636 2 stones stone NNS 48378 636 3 for for IN 48378 636 4 this this DT 48378 636 5 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 636 6 were be VBD 48378 636 7 picked pick VBN 48378 636 8 up up RP 48378 636 9 at at IN 48378 636 10 " " `` 48378 636 11 the the DT 48378 636 12 swimming swimming NN 48378 636 13 hole hole NN 48378 636 14 . . . 48378 636 15 " " '' 48378 637 1 About about IN 48378 637 2 8 8 CD 48378 637 3 bushels bushel NNS 48378 637 4 were be VBD 48378 637 5 used use VBN 48378 637 6 over over IN 48378 637 7 a a DT 48378 637 8 backing backing NN 48378 637 9 of of IN 48378 637 10 concrete concrete NN 48378 637 11 ; ; : 48378 637 12 16 16 CD 48378 637 13 bushels bushel NNS 48378 637 14 would would MD 48378 637 15 have have VB 48378 637 16 been be VBN 48378 637 17 needed need VBN 48378 637 18 if if IN 48378 637 19 the the DT 48378 637 20 concrete concrete NN 48378 637 21 had have VBD 48378 637 22 not not RB 48378 637 23 been be VBN 48378 637 24 used use VBN 48378 637 25 . . . 48378 638 1 Gravel gravel NN 48378 638 2 and and CC 48378 638 3 sand sand NN 48378 638 4 were be VBD 48378 638 5 dug dig VBN 48378 638 6 from from IN 48378 638 7 the the DT 48378 638 8 excavation excavation NN 48378 638 9 . . . 48378 639 1 The the DT 48378 639 2 chimney chimney NN 48378 639 3 is be VBZ 48378 639 4 battered batter VBN 48378 639 5 4 4 CD 48378 639 6 inches inch NNS 48378 639 7 in in IN 48378 639 8 the the DT 48378 639 9 24-inch 24-inch CD 48378 639 10 height height NN 48378 639 11 . . . 48378 639 12 ] ] -RRB- 48378 640 1 Heavy heavy JJ 48378 640 2 and and CC 48378 640 3 expensive expensive JJ 48378 640 4 structures structure NNS 48378 640 5 , , , 48378 640 6 especially especially RB 48378 640 7 those those DT 48378 640 8 having have VBG 48378 640 9 tall tall JJ 48378 640 10 chimneys chimney NNS 48378 640 11 , , , 48378 640 12 should should MD 48378 640 13 have have VB 48378 640 14 foundations foundation NNS 48378 640 15 below below IN 48378 640 16 the the DT 48378 640 17 surface surface NN 48378 640 18 affected affect VBN 48378 640 19 by by IN 48378 640 20 frost frost NN 48378 640 21 or or CC 48378 640 22 erosion erosion NN 48378 640 23 and and CC 48378 640 24 strong strong JJ 48378 640 25 enough enough RB 48378 640 26 to to TO 48378 640 27 prevent prevent VB 48378 640 28 settlement settlement NN 48378 640 29 or or CC 48378 640 30 cracks crack NNS 48378 640 31 . . . 48378 641 1 Such such PDT 48378 641 2 a a DT 48378 641 3 foundation foundation NN 48378 641 4 can can MD 48378 641 5 be be VB 48378 641 6 made make VBN 48378 641 7 of of IN 48378 641 8 concrete concrete NN 48378 641 9 , , , 48378 641 10 with with IN 48378 641 11 a a DT 48378 641 12 liberal liberal JJ 48378 641 13 use use NN 48378 641 14 of of IN 48378 641 15 large large JJ 48378 641 16 stones stone NNS 48378 641 17 for for IN 48378 641 18 economy economy NN 48378 641 19 , , , 48378 641 20 extending extend VBG 48378 641 21 under under IN 48378 641 22 the the DT 48378 641 23 whole whole JJ 48378 641 24 structure structure NN 48378 641 25 , , , 48378 641 26 or or CC 48378 641 27 be be VB 48378 641 28 continuous continuous JJ 48378 641 29 walls wall NNS 48378 641 30 with with IN 48378 641 31 a a DT 48378 641 32 footing foot VBG 48378 641 33 similar similar JJ 48378 641 34 to to IN 48378 641 35 those those DT 48378 641 36 used use VBN 48378 641 37 for for IN 48378 641 38 houses house NNS 48378 641 39 . . . 48378 642 1 The the DT 48378 642 2 advice advice NN 48378 642 3 and and CC 48378 642 4 help help NN 48378 642 5 of of IN 48378 642 6 builders builder NNS 48378 642 7 may may MD 48378 642 8 save save VB 48378 642 9 money money NN 48378 642 10 in in IN 48378 642 11 the the DT 48378 642 12 construction construction NN 48378 642 13 of of IN 48378 642 14 foundations foundation NNS 48378 642 15 of of IN 48378 642 16 large large JJ 48378 642 17 expensive expensive JJ 48378 642 18 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 642 19 , , , 48378 642 20 especially especially RB 48378 642 21 where where WRB 48378 642 22 climatic climatic JJ 48378 642 23 conditions condition NNS 48378 642 24 are be VBP 48378 642 25 severe severe JJ 48378 642 26 and and CC 48378 642 27 the the DT 48378 642 28 bearing bear VBG 48378 642 29 power power NN 48378 642 30 of of IN 48378 642 31 soil soil NN 48378 642 32 is be VBZ 48378 642 33 not not RB 48378 642 34 known know VBN 48378 642 35 . . . 48378 643 1 OPERATION OPERATION NNP 48378 643 2 Cooking Cooking NNP 48378 643 3 should should MD 48378 643 4 be be VB 48378 643 5 done do VBN 48378 643 6 over over IN 48378 643 7 glowing glow VBG 48378 643 8 coals coal NNS 48378 643 9 , , , 48378 643 10 as as IN 48378 643 11 flames flame NNS 48378 643 12 and and CC 48378 643 13 smoke smoke VB 48378 643 14 smudge smudge NN 48378 643 15 the the DT 48378 643 16 utensils utensil NNS 48378 643 17 or or CC 48378 643 18 even even RB 48378 643 19 the the DT 48378 643 20 food food NN 48378 643 21 . . . 48378 644 1 When when WRB 48378 644 2 the the DT 48378 644 3 wood wood NN 48378 644 4 is be VBZ 48378 644 5 nearly nearly RB 48378 644 6 charred char VBN 48378 644 7 , , , 48378 644 8 most most JJS 48378 644 9 of of IN 48378 644 10 the the DT 48378 644 11 smoke smoke NN 48378 644 12 has have VBZ 48378 644 13 been be VBN 48378 644 14 driven drive VBN 48378 644 15 off off RP 48378 644 16 and and CC 48378 644 17 the the DT 48378 644 18 chimney chimney NN 48378 644 19 is be VBZ 48378 644 20 hot hot JJ 48378 644 21 enough enough RB 48378 644 22 to to TO 48378 644 23 draw draw VB 48378 644 24 the the DT 48378 644 25 smoke smoke NN 48378 644 26 up up RP 48378 644 27 the the DT 48378 644 28 flue flue NN 48378 644 29 . . . 48378 645 1 All all DT 48378 645 2 fires fire NNS 48378 645 3 should should MD 48378 645 4 be be VB 48378 645 5 banked bank VBN 48378 645 6 before before IN 48378 645 7 they -PRON- PRP 48378 645 8 are be VBP 48378 645 9 left leave VBN 48378 645 10 , , , 48378 645 11 to to TO 48378 645 12 avoid avoid VB 48378 645 13 setting set VBG 48378 645 14 fires fire NNS 48378 645 15 . . . 48378 646 1 Banking banking NN 48378 646 2 can can MD 48378 646 3 be be VB 48378 646 4 safely safely RB 48378 646 5 and and CC 48378 646 6 effectively effectively RB 48378 646 7 done do VBN 48378 646 8 by by IN 48378 646 9 raking rake VBG 48378 646 10 the the DT 48378 646 11 coals coal NNS 48378 646 12 and and CC 48378 646 13 unconsumed unconsumed JJ 48378 646 14 fuel fuel NN 48378 646 15 into into IN 48378 646 16 a a DT 48378 646 17 pile pile NN 48378 646 18 on on IN 48378 646 19 the the DT 48378 646 20 hearth hearth NN 48378 646 21 and and CC 48378 646 22 covering cover VBG 48378 646 23 the the DT 48378 646 24 pile pile NN 48378 646 25 with with IN 48378 646 26 a a DT 48378 646 27 few few JJ 48378 646 28 inches inch NNS 48378 646 29 of of IN 48378 646 30 earth earth NN 48378 646 31 . . . 48378 647 1 Water water NN 48378 647 2 thrown throw VBN 48378 647 3 on on IN 48378 647 4 a a DT 48378 647 5 hot hot JJ 48378 647 6 fire fire NN 48378 647 7 may may MD 48378 647 8 result result VB 48378 647 9 in in IN 48378 647 10 scalds scald NNS 48378 647 11 from from IN 48378 647 12 the the DT 48378 647 13 steam steam NN 48378 647 14 and and CC 48378 647 15 may may MD 48378 647 16 crack crack VB 48378 647 17 the the DT 48378 647 18 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 647 19 . . . 48378 648 1 BARBECUE BARBECUE NNP 48378 648 2 PITS PITS NNP 48378 648 3 Barbecue Barbecue NNP 48378 648 4 ovens oven NNS 48378 648 5 are be VBP 48378 648 6 rather rather RB 48378 648 7 expensive expensive JJ 48378 648 8 unless unless IN 48378 648 9 for for IN 48378 648 10 community community NN 48378 648 11 use use NN 48378 648 12 . . . 48378 649 1 Outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 649 2 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 649 3 , , , 48378 649 4 without without IN 48378 649 5 or or CC 48378 649 6 with with IN 48378 649 7 spits spit NNS 48378 649 8 for for IN 48378 649 9 roasting roasting NN 48378 649 10 , , , 48378 649 11 are be VBP 48378 649 12 frequently frequently RB 48378 649 13 called call VBN 48378 649 14 barbecues barbecue NNS 48378 649 15 in in IN 48378 649 16 some some DT 48378 649 17 sections section NNS 48378 649 18 of of IN 48378 649 19 the the DT 48378 649 20 country country NN 48378 649 21 . . . 48378 650 1 For for IN 48378 650 2 occasional occasional JJ 48378 650 3 barbecuing barbecue VBG 48378 650 4 parties party NNS 48378 650 5 , , , 48378 650 6 a a DT 48378 650 7 hole hole NN 48378 650 8 in in IN 48378 650 9 the the DT 48378 650 10 ground ground NN 48378 650 11 will will MD 48378 650 12 serve serve VB 48378 650 13 . . . 48378 651 1 Dig dig VB 48378 651 2 a a DT 48378 651 3 hole hole NN 48378 651 4 several several JJ 48378 651 5 feet foot NNS 48378 651 6 deep deep JJ 48378 651 7 and and CC 48378 651 8 several several JJ 48378 651 9 feet foot NNS 48378 651 10 larger large JJR 48378 651 11 each each DT 48378 651 12 way way NN 48378 651 13 than than IN 48378 651 14 the the DT 48378 651 15 size size NN 48378 651 16 of of IN 48378 651 17 the the DT 48378 651 18 carcass carcass NN 48378 651 19 to to TO 48378 651 20 be be VB 48378 651 21 roasted roast VBN 48378 651 22 ; ; : 48378 651 23 then then RB 48378 651 24 place place VB 48378 651 25 stones stone NNS 48378 651 26 in in IN 48378 651 27 the the DT 48378 651 28 bottom bottom NN 48378 651 29 to to TO 48378 651 30 retain retain VB 48378 651 31 the the DT 48378 651 32 heat heat NN 48378 651 33 . . . 48378 652 1 A a DT 48378 652 2 trench trench NN 48378 652 3 30 30 CD 48378 652 4 inches inch NNS 48378 652 5 deep deep JJ 48378 652 6 , , , 48378 652 7 36 36 CD 48378 652 8 inches inch NNS 48378 652 9 wide wide JJ 48378 652 10 , , , 48378 652 11 and and CC 48378 652 12 about about IN 48378 652 13 10 10 CD 48378 652 14 feet foot NNS 48378 652 15 long long JJ 48378 652 16 will will MD 48378 652 17 accommodate accommodate VB 48378 652 18 about about RB 48378 652 19 400 400 CD 48378 652 20 pounds pound NNS 48378 652 21 of of IN 48378 652 22 beef beef NN 48378 652 23 . . . 48378 653 1 A a DT 48378 653 2 fire fire NN 48378 653 3 should should MD 48378 653 4 be be VB 48378 653 5 built build VBN 48378 653 6 sufficiently sufficiently RB 48378 653 7 ahead ahead RB 48378 653 8 of of IN 48378 653 9 time time NN 48378 653 10 , , , 48378 653 11 about about RB 48378 653 12 3 3 CD 48378 653 13 hours hour NNS 48378 653 14 , , , 48378 653 15 to to TO 48378 653 16 heat heat VB 48378 653 17 the the DT 48378 653 18 stones stone NNS 48378 653 19 and and CC 48378 653 20 bottom bottom NN 48378 653 21 and and CC 48378 653 22 accumulate accumulate NN 48378 653 23 ashes ashe NNS 48378 653 24 for for IN 48378 653 25 proper proper JJ 48378 653 26 banking banking NN 48378 653 27 . . . 48378 654 1 Have have VBP 48378 654 2 someone someone NN 48378 654 3 with with IN 48378 654 4 previous previous JJ 48378 654 5 experience experience NN 48378 654 6 operate operate VBP 48378 654 7 the the DT 48378 654 8 pit pit NN 48378 654 9 , , , 48378 654 10 because because IN 48378 654 11 improper improper JJ 48378 654 12 wrapping wrapping NN 48378 654 13 of of IN 48378 654 14 the the DT 48378 654 15 meat meat NN 48378 654 16 and and CC 48378 654 17 handling handling NN 48378 654 18 of of IN 48378 654 19 the the DT 48378 654 20 coals coal NNS 48378 654 21 results result NNS 48378 654 22 in in IN 48378 654 23 poor poor JJ 48378 654 24 cooking cooking NN 48378 654 25 . . . 48378 655 1 DUTCH DUTCH NNP 48378 655 2 OVENS OVENS NNP 48378 655 3 Dutch Dutch NNPS 48378 655 4 ovens oven NNS 48378 655 5 ( ( -LRB- 48378 655 6 fig fig VB 48378 655 7 . . . 48378 656 1 25 25 CD 48378 656 2 ) ) -RRB- 48378 656 3 are be VBP 48378 656 4 often often RB 48378 656 5 built build VBN 48378 656 6 in in IN 48378 656 7 connection connection NN 48378 656 8 with with IN 48378 656 9 both both CC 48378 656 10 indoor indoor JJ 48378 656 11 and and CC 48378 656 12 outdoor outdoor JJ 48378 656 13 fireplaces fireplace NNS 48378 656 14 to to TO 48378 656 15 copy copy VB 48378 656 16 early early JJ 48378 656 17 kitchen kitchen NN 48378 656 18 fireplaces fireplace VBZ 48378 656 19 or or CC 48378 656 20 for for IN 48378 656 21 actual actual JJ 48378 656 22 baking baking NN 48378 656 23 . . . 48378 657 1 When when WRB 48378 657 2 used use VBN 48378 657 3 as as IN 48378 657 4 an an DT 48378 657 5 ornament ornament NN 48378 657 6 , , , 48378 657 7 the the DT 48378 657 8 oven oven NN 48378 657 9 is be VBZ 48378 657 10 fitted fit VBN 48378 657 11 with with IN 48378 657 12 a a DT 48378 657 13 cast cast VBN 48378 657 14 - - HYPH 48378 657 15 iron iron NN 48378 657 16 door door NN 48378 657 17 , , , 48378 657 18 and and CC 48378 657 19 the the DT 48378 657 20 space space NN 48378 657 21 thus thus RB 48378 657 22 formed form VBN 48378 657 23 may may MD 48378 657 24 be be VB 48378 657 25 used use VBN 48378 657 26 for for IN 48378 657 27 wood wood NN 48378 657 28 storage storage NN 48378 657 29 . . . 48378 658 1 An an DT 48378 658 2 open open JJ 48378 658 3 firebox firebox NN 48378 658 4 or or CC 48378 658 5 compartment compartment NN 48378 658 6 below below RB 48378 658 7 may may MD 48378 658 8 be be VB 48378 658 9 similarly similarly RB 48378 658 10 used use VBN 48378 658 11 . . . 48378 659 1 Spaces space NNS 48378 659 2 used use VBN 48378 659 3 for for IN 48378 659 4 wood wood NN 48378 659 5 storage storage NN 48378 659 6 should should MD 48378 659 7 be be VB 48378 659 8 separated separate VBN 48378 659 9 from from IN 48378 659 10 the the DT 48378 659 11 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 659 12 by by IN 48378 659 13 a a DT 48378 659 14 brick brick NN 48378 659 15 or or CC 48378 659 16 stone stone NN 48378 659 17 partition partition NN 48378 659 18 at at IN 48378 659 19 least least JJS 48378 659 20 8 8 CD 48378 659 21 inches inch NNS 48378 659 22 thick thick JJ 48378 659 23 , , , 48378 659 24 all all DT 48378 659 25 joints joint NNS 48378 659 26 being be VBG 48378 659 27 completely completely RB 48378 659 28 filled fill VBN 48378 659 29 with with IN 48378 659 30 mortar mortar NN 48378 659 31 . . . 48378 660 1 If if IN 48378 660 2 the the DT 48378 660 3 oven oven NN 48378 660 4 is be VBZ 48378 660 5 intended intend VBN 48378 660 6 for for IN 48378 660 7 baking baking NN 48378 660 8 , , , 48378 660 9 it -PRON- PRP 48378 660 10 is be VBZ 48378 660 11 advisable advisable JJ 48378 660 12 to to TO 48378 660 13 line line VB 48378 660 14 it -PRON- PRP 48378 660 15 with with IN 48378 660 16 firebrick firebrick NN 48378 660 17 , , , 48378 660 18 and and CC 48378 660 19 the the DT 48378 660 20 masonry masonry NN 48378 660 21 should should MD 48378 660 22 be be VB 48378 660 23 at at RB 48378 660 24 least least RBS 48378 660 25 8 8 CD 48378 660 26 inches inch NNS 48378 660 27 thick thick JJ 48378 660 28 . . . 48378 661 1 A a DT 48378 661 2 greater great JJR 48378 661 3 heat heat NN 48378 661 4 - - HYPH 48378 661 5 storing store VBG 48378 661 6 capacity capacity NN 48378 661 7 is be VBZ 48378 661 8 secured secure VBN 48378 661 9 by by IN 48378 661 10 using use VBG 48378 661 11 thick thick JJ 48378 661 12 walls wall NNS 48378 661 13 . . . 48378 662 1 An an DT 48378 662 2 ash ash NN 48378 662 3 drop drop NN 48378 662 4 of of IN 48378 662 5 standard standard JJ 48378 662 6 cast cast NN 48378 662 7 - - HYPH 48378 662 8 iron iron NN 48378 662 9 unit unit NN 48378 662 10 type type NN 48378 662 11 is be VBZ 48378 662 12 provided provide VBN 48378 662 13 for for IN 48378 662 14 modern modern JJ 48378 662 15 ovens oven NNS 48378 662 16 and and CC 48378 662 17 may may MD 48378 662 18 lead lead VB 48378 662 19 either either CC 48378 662 20 to to IN 48378 662 21 the the DT 48378 662 22 side side NN 48378 662 23 of of IN 48378 662 24 the the DT 48378 662 25 fireplace fireplace NN 48378 662 26 or or CC 48378 662 27 to to IN 48378 662 28 an an DT 48378 662 29 ash ash NN 48378 662 30 - - HYPH 48378 662 31 pit pit NN 48378 662 32 in in IN 48378 662 33 the the DT 48378 662 34 chimney chimney NN 48378 662 35 base base NN 48378 662 36 . . . 48378 663 1 The the DT 48378 663 2 throat throat NN 48378 663 3 or or CC 48378 663 4 dome dome NN 48378 663 5 should should MD 48378 663 6 be be VB 48378 663 7 carefully carefully RB 48378 663 8 formed form VBN 48378 663 9 with with IN 48378 663 10 brick brick NN 48378 663 11 molded mold VBN 48378 663 12 or or CC 48378 663 13 ground grind VBD 48378 663 14 to to IN 48378 663 15 an an DT 48378 663 16 arch arch JJ 48378 663 17 and and CC 48378 663 18 preferably preferably RB 48378 663 19 should should MD 48378 663 20 be be VB 48378 663 21 fitted fit VBN 48378 663 22 with with IN 48378 663 23 a a DT 48378 663 24 damper damper NN 48378 663 25 . . . 48378 664 1 If if IN 48378 664 2 the the DT 48378 664 3 top top NN 48378 664 4 of of IN 48378 664 5 the the DT 48378 664 6 oven oven NN 48378 664 7 is be VBZ 48378 664 8 flat flat JJ 48378 664 9 , , , 48378 664 10 several several JJ 48378 664 11 lintel lintel NNP 48378 664 12 irons iron NNS 48378 664 13 will will MD 48378 664 14 be be VB 48378 664 15 needed need VBN 48378 664 16 to to TO 48378 664 17 support support VB 48378 664 18 the the DT 48378 664 19 brick brick NN 48378 664 20 . . . 48378 665 1 A a DT 48378 665 2 separate separate JJ 48378 665 3 flue flue NN 48378 665 4 with with IN 48378 665 5 a a DT 48378 665 6 damper damper NN 48378 665 7 is be VBZ 48378 665 8 recommended recommend VBN 48378 665 9 . . . 48378 666 1 For for IN 48378 666 2 ovens oven NNS 48378 666 3 of of IN 48378 666 4 ordinary ordinary JJ 48378 666 5 size size NN 48378 666 6 an an DT 48378 666 7 8½- 8½- NNS 48378 666 8 by by IN 48378 666 9 8½-inch 8½-inch CD 48378 666 10 flue flue NNP 48378 666 11 is be VBZ 48378 666 12 ample ample JJ 48378 666 13 . . . 48378 667 1 The the DT 48378 667 2 oven oven NN 48378 667 3 is be VBZ 48378 667 4 preheated preheat VBN 48378 667 5 by by IN 48378 667 6 fire fire NN 48378 667 7 or or CC 48378 667 8 hot hot JJ 48378 667 9 coals coal NNS 48378 667 10 . . . 48378 668 1 Before before IN 48378 668 2 food food NN 48378 668 3 is be VBZ 48378 668 4 placed place VBN 48378 668 5 in in IN 48378 668 6 the the DT 48378 668 7 oven oven NN 48378 668 8 , , , 48378 668 9 the the DT 48378 668 10 coals coal NNS 48378 668 11 and and CC 48378 668 12 ashes ashe NNS 48378 668 13 are be VBP 48378 668 14 removed remove VBN 48378 668 15 through through IN 48378 668 16 the the DT 48378 668 17 ash ash NN 48378 668 18 drop drop NN 48378 668 19 . . . 48378 669 1 Figure figure NN 48378 669 2 44 44 CD 48378 669 3 shows show VBZ 48378 669 4 a a DT 48378 669 5 Dutch dutch JJ 48378 669 6 oven oven NN 48378 669 7 made make VBN 48378 669 8 of of IN 48378 669 9 tapered tapered JJ 48378 669 10 adobe adobe NN 48378 669 11 bricks brick NNS 48378 669 12 and and CC 48378 669 13 plastered plaster VBN 48378 669 14 outside outside RB 48378 669 15 with with IN 48378 669 16 adobe adobe NNP 48378 669 17 mud mud NN 48378 669 18 . . . 48378 670 1 A a DT 48378 670 2 hole hole NN 48378 670 3 in in IN 48378 670 4 the the DT 48378 670 5 top top NN 48378 670 6 permits permit VBZ 48378 670 7 the the DT 48378 670 8 escape escape NN 48378 670 9 of of IN 48378 670 10 smoke smoke NN 48378 670 11 , , , 48378 670 12 while while IN 48378 670 13 the the DT 48378 670 14 orño orño NNP 48378 670 15 is be VBZ 48378 670 16 being be VBG 48378 670 17 heated heat VBN 48378 670 18 by by IN 48378 670 19 the the DT 48378 670 20 fire fire NN 48378 670 21 built build VBN 48378 670 22 inside inside RB 48378 670 23 on on IN 48378 670 24 the the DT 48378 670 25 floor floor NN 48378 670 26 . . . 48378 671 1 This this DT 48378 671 2 hole hole NN 48378 671 3 is be VBZ 48378 671 4 closed close VBN 48378 671 5 with with IN 48378 671 6 an an DT 48378 671 7 adobe adobe NN 48378 671 8 block block NN 48378 671 9 after after IN 48378 671 10 the the DT 48378 671 11 coals coal NNS 48378 671 12 are be VBP 48378 671 13 raked rake VBN 48378 671 14 out out RP 48378 671 15 . . . 48378 672 1 When when WRB 48378 672 2 loaves loaf NNS 48378 672 3 of of IN 48378 672 4 bread bread NN 48378 672 5 have have VBP 48378 672 6 been be VBN 48378 672 7 placed place VBN 48378 672 8 on on IN 48378 672 9 the the DT 48378 672 10 floor floor NN 48378 672 11 with with IN 48378 672 12 a a DT 48378 672 13 wooden wooden JJ 48378 672 14 paddle paddle NN 48378 672 15 , , , 48378 672 16 the the DT 48378 672 17 door door NN 48378 672 18 hole hole NN 48378 672 19 is be VBZ 48378 672 20 stopped stop VBN 48378 672 21 with with IN 48378 672 22 adobe adobe NNP 48378 672 23 brick brick NNP 48378 672 24 . . . 48378 673 1 [ [ -LRB- 48378 673 2 Illustration illustration NN 48378 673 3 : : : 48378 673 4 Figure figure NN 48378 673 5 44.--This 44.--this CD 48378 673 6 Dutch dutch JJ 48378 673 7 oven oven NN 48378 673 8 of of IN 48378 673 9 adobe adobe NNP 48378 673 10 bricks bricks NNP 48378 673 11 is be VBZ 48378 673 12 a a DT 48378 673 13 type type NN 48378 673 14 very very RB 48378 673 15 common common JJ 48378 673 16 in in IN 48378 673 17 the the DT 48378 673 18 States States NNP 48378 673 19 along along IN 48378 673 20 the the DT 48378 673 21 Mexican mexican JJ 48378 673 22 border border NN 48378 673 23 . . . 48378 674 1 It -PRON- PRP 48378 674 2 is be VBZ 48378 674 3 called call VBN 48378 674 4 an an DT 48378 674 5 orño orño NNP 48378 674 6 and and CC 48378 674 7 is be VBZ 48378 674 8 usually usually RB 48378 674 9 built build VBN 48378 674 10 a a DT 48378 674 11 short short JJ 48378 674 12 distance distance NN 48378 674 13 from from IN 48378 674 14 the the DT 48378 674 15 kitchen kitchen NN 48378 674 16 door door NN 48378 674 17 . . . 48378 674 18 ] ] -RRB- 48378 675 1 Boy boy UH 48378 675 2 Scouts scout NNS 48378 675 3 and and CC 48378 675 4 campers camper NNS 48378 675 5 frequently frequently RB 48378 675 6 improvise improvise VBP 48378 675 7 Dutch Dutch NNPS 48378 675 8 ovens oven NNS 48378 675 9 by by IN 48378 675 10 packing pack VBG 48378 675 11 damp damp JJ 48378 675 12 sandy sandy JJ 48378 675 13 clay clay NN 48378 675 14 , , , 48378 675 15 8 8 CD 48378 675 16 to to TO 48378 675 17 12 12 CD 48378 675 18 inches inch NNS 48378 675 19 thick thick JJ 48378 675 20 , , , 48378 675 21 around around IN 48378 675 22 a a DT 48378 675 23 wooden wooden JJ 48378 675 24 barrel barrel NN 48378 675 25 , , , 48378 675 26 a a DT 48378 675 27 tin tin JJ 48378 675 28 wash wash NN 48378 675 29 boiler boiler NN 48378 675 30 , , , 48378 675 31 or or CC 48378 675 32 slabs slab NNS 48378 675 33 of of IN 48378 675 34 rock rock NN 48378 675 35 to to TO 48378 675 36 form form VB 48378 675 37 a a DT 48378 675 38 vault vault NN 48378 675 39 . . . 48378 676 1 After after IN 48378 676 2 the the DT 48378 676 3 earth earth NN 48378 676 4 has have VBZ 48378 676 5 been be VBN 48378 676 6 gradually gradually RB 48378 676 7 dried dry VBN 48378 676 8 and and CC 48378 676 9 baked bake VBN 48378 676 10 with with IN 48378 676 11 a a DT 48378 676 12 slow slow JJ 48378 676 13 fire fire NN 48378 676 14 , , , 48378 676 15 the the DT 48378 676 16 oven oven NN 48378 676 17 is be VBZ 48378 676 18 ready ready JJ 48378 676 19 for for IN 48378 676 20 use use NN 48378 676 21 . . . 48378 677 1 The the DT 48378 677 2 hole hole NN 48378 677 3 in in IN 48378 677 4 the the DT 48378 677 5 top top NN 48378 677 6 and and CC 48378 677 7 the the DT 48378 677 8 door door NN 48378 677 9 can can MD 48378 677 10 be be VB 48378 677 11 closed close VBN 48378 677 12 as as IN 48378 677 13 in in IN 48378 677 14 the the DT 48378 677 15 orño orño NNP 48378 677 16 . . . 48378 678 1 * * NFP 48378 678 2 * * NFP 48378 678 3 * * NFP 48378 678 4 * * NFP 48378 678 5 * * NFP 48378 678 6 U. U. NNP 48378 678 7 S. S. NNP 48378 678 8 GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT NNP 48378 678 9 PRINTING print VBG 48378 678 10 OFFICE OFFICE NNP 48378 678 11 : : : 48378 678 12 1947 1947 CD 48378 678 13 For for IN 48378 678 14 sale sale NN 48378 678 15 by by IN 48378 678 16 the the DT 48378 678 17 Superintendent Superintendent NNP 48378 678 18 of of IN 48378 678 19 Documents Documents NNPS 48378 678 20 , , , 48378 678 21 U. U. NNP 48378 678 22 S. S. NNP 48378 678 23 Government Government NNP 48378 678 24 Printing Printing NNP 48378 678 25 Office Office NNP 48378 678 26 Washington Washington NNP 48378 678 27 25 25 CD 48378 678 28 , , , 48378 678 29 D. D. NNP 48378 678 30 C. C. NNP 48378 678 31 - - HYPH 48378 678 32 Price Price NNP 48378 678 33 15 15 CD 48378 678 34 cents cent NNS 48378 678 35 * * NFP 48378 678 36 * * NFP 48378 678 37 * * NFP 48378 678 38 * * NFP 48378 678 39 * * NFP 48378 678 40 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 48378 678 41 Note Note NNP 48378 678 42 The the DT 48378 678 43 footnotes footnote NNS 48378 678 44 for for IN 48378 678 45 the the DT 48378 678 46 tables table NNS 48378 678 47 were be VBD 48378 678 48 changed change VBN 48378 678 49 from from IN 48378 678 50 arabic arabic JJ 48378 678 51 numerals numeral NNS 48378 678 52 to to IN 48378 678 53 alphabetic alphabetic JJ 48378 678 54 characters character NNS 48378 678 55 to to TO 48378 678 56 distinguish distinguish VB 48378 678 57 them -PRON- PRP 48378 678 58 from from IN 48378 678 59 the the DT 48378 678 60 text text NN 48378 678 61 footnotes footnote NNS 48378 678 62 . . .