id sid tid token lemma pos 34701 1 1 available available JJ 34701 1 2 by by IN 34701 1 3 Internet Internet NNP 34701 1 4 Archive archive NN 34701 1 5 ( ( -LRB- 34701 1 6 http://www.archive.org http://www.archive.org NN 34701 1 7 ) ) -RRB- 34701 1 8 Note note VB 34701 1 9 : : : 34701 1 10 Project Project NNP 34701 1 11 Gutenberg Gutenberg NNP 34701 1 12 also also RB 34701 1 13 has have VBZ 34701 1 14 an an DT 34701 1 15 HTML html NN 34701 1 16 version version NN 34701 1 17 of of IN 34701 1 18 this this DT 34701 1 19 file file NN 34701 1 20 which which WDT 34701 1 21 includes include VBZ 34701 1 22 the the DT 34701 1 23 original original JJ 34701 1 24 illustrations illustration NNS 34701 1 25 . . . 34701 2 1 See see VB 34701 2 2 34701-h.htm 34701-h.htm CD 34701 2 3 or or CC 34701 2 4 34701-h.zip 34701-h.zip CD 34701 2 5 : : : 34701 2 6 ( ( -LRB- 34701 2 7 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34701/34701-h/34701-h.htm http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34701/34701-h/34701-h.htm NNP 34701 2 8 ) ) -RRB- 34701 2 9 or or CC 34701 2 10 ( ( -LRB- 34701 2 11 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34701/34701-h.zip http://www.gutenberg.org/files/34701/34701-h.zip NNP 34701 2 12 ) ) -RRB- 34701 2 13 Images image NNS 34701 2 14 of of IN 34701 2 15 the the DT 34701 2 16 original original JJ 34701 2 17 pages page NNS 34701 2 18 are be VBP 34701 2 19 available available JJ 34701 2 20 through through IN 34701 2 21 Internet Internet NNP 34701 2 22 Archive Archive NNP 34701 2 23 . . . 34701 3 1 See see VB 34701 3 2 http://www.archive.org/details/steamengines00newyrich http://www.archive.org/details/steamengines00newyrich CD 34701 3 3 + + SYM 34701 3 4 ----------------------------------------------------------+ ----------------------------------------------------------+ NNP 34701 3 5 | | NNP 34701 3 6 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 34701 3 7 's 's POS 34701 3 8 note note NN 34701 3 9 : : : 34701 3 10 | | CD 34701 3 11 | | CD 34701 3 12 | | CD 34701 3 13 | | NNS 34701 3 14 Inconsistencies Inconsistencies NNPS 34701 3 15 have have VBP 34701 3 16 not not RB 34701 3 17 been be VBN 34701 3 18 corrected correct VBN 34701 3 19 ( ( -LRB- 34701 3 20 hyphenated hyphenate VBN 34701 3 21 | | CD 34701 3 22 | | NNS 34701 3 23 vs vs IN 34701 3 24 non non JJ 34701 3 25 - - JJ 34701 3 26 hyphenated hyphenated JJ 34701 3 27 or or CC 34701 3 28 spaced space VBN 34701 3 29 words word NNS 34701 3 30 ) ) -RRB- 34701 3 31 , , , 34701 3 32 except except IN 34701 3 33 horse horse NN 34701 3 34 - - HYPH 34701 3 35 power power NN 34701 3 36 | | NNP 34701 3 37 | | CD 34701 3 38 changed change VBD 34701 3 39 to to IN 34701 3 40 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 3 41 and and CC 34701 3 42 cut cut VB 34701 3 43 off off RP 34701 3 44 to to TO 34701 3 45 cut cut VB 34701 3 46 - - HYPH 34701 3 47 off off RP 34701 3 48 . . . 34701 4 1 | | NNP 34701 4 2 | | CD 34701 4 3 | | CD 34701 4 4 | | JJ 34701 4 5 Minor minor JJ 34701 4 6 typographical typographical JJ 34701 4 7 errors error NNS 34701 4 8 have have VBP 34701 4 9 been be VBN 34701 4 10 corrected correct VBN 34701 4 11 . . . 34701 5 1 | | NNP 34701 5 2 | | CD 34701 5 3 | | CD 34701 5 4 | | NNP 34701 5 5 Text Text NNP 34701 5 6 in in IN 34701 5 7 italics italic NNS 34701 5 8 is be VBZ 34701 5 9 enclosed enclose VBN 34701 5 10 by by IN 34701 5 11 underscore underscore JJ 34701 5 12 characters character NNS 34701 5 13 as as IN 34701 5 14 | | CD 34701 5 15 | | NNP 34701 5 16 in in IN 34701 5 17 _ _ NNP 34701 5 18 italics italic NNS 34701 5 19 _ _ NNP 34701 5 20 . . . 34701 6 1 | | NNP 34701 6 2 | | CD 34701 6 3 | | CD 34701 6 4 | | NNS 34701 6 5 Subscripts Subscripts NNPS 34701 6 6 are be VBP 34701 6 7 indicated indicate VBN 34701 6 8 by by IN 34701 6 9 _ _ NNP 34701 6 10 { { -LRB- 34701 6 11 ... ... : 34701 6 12 } } -RRB- 34701 6 13 , , , 34701 6 14 as as IN 34701 6 15 in in IN 34701 6 16 _ _ NNP 34701 6 17 { { -LRB- 34701 6 18 subscript subscript NN 34701 6 19 } } -RRB- 34701 6 20 . . . 34701 7 1 | | NNP 34701 7 2 | | CD 34701 7 3 | | CD 34701 7 4 | | NNP 34701 7 5 In in IN 34701 7 6 - - HYPH 34701 7 7 line line NN 34701 7 8 multi multi JJ 34701 7 9 - - JJ 34701 7 10 line line JJ 34701 7 11 formulas formula NNS 34701 7 12 have have VBP 34701 7 13 been be VBN 34701 7 14 changed change VBN 34701 7 15 to to IN 34701 7 16 | | CD 34701 7 17 | | CD 34701 7 18 single single JJ 34701 7 19 - - HYPH 34701 7 20 line line NN 34701 7 21 formulas formula NNS 34701 7 22 , , , 34701 7 23 where where WRB 34701 7 24 necessary necessary JJ 34701 7 25 with with IN 34701 7 26 the the DT 34701 7 27 addition addition NN 34701 7 28 | | CD 34701 7 29 | | CD 34701 7 30 of of IN 34701 7 31 brackets bracket NNS 34701 7 32 to to TO 34701 7 33 prevent prevent VB 34701 7 34 ambiguity ambiguity NN 34701 7 35 . . . 34701 8 1 | | JJ 34701 8 2 + + SYM 34701 8 3 ----------------------------------------------------------+ ----------------------------------------------------------+ NNP 34701 8 4 Machinery Machinery NNP 34701 8 5 's 's POS 34701 8 6 Reference Reference NNP 34701 8 7 Series Series NNP 34701 8 8 Each each DT 34701 8 9 Number Number NNP 34701 8 10 Is be VBZ 34701 8 11 a a DT 34701 8 12 Unit unit NN 34701 8 13 in in IN 34701 8 14 a a DT 34701 8 15 Series Series NNP 34701 8 16 on on IN 34701 8 17 Electrical Electrical NNP 34701 8 18 and and CC 34701 8 19 Steam Steam NNP 34701 8 20 Engineering Engineering NNP 34701 8 21 Drawing Drawing NNP 34701 8 22 and and CC 34701 8 23 Machine Machine NNP 34701 8 24 Design Design NNP 34701 8 25 and and CC 34701 8 26 Shop Shop NNP 34701 8 27 Practice Practice NNP 34701 8 28 NUMBER number NN 34701 8 29 70 70 CD 34701 8 30 STEAM steam NN 34701 8 31 ENGINES engines NN 34701 8 32 CONTENTS content NNS 34701 8 33 Action action NN 34701 8 34 of of IN 34701 8 35 Steam Steam NNP 34701 8 36 Engines Engines NNP 34701 8 37 3 3 CD 34701 8 38 Rating Rating NNP 34701 8 39 and and CC 34701 8 40 General General NNP 34701 8 41 Proportions Proportions NNP 34701 8 42 of of IN 34701 8 43 Steam Steam NNP 34701 8 44 Engines Engines NNP 34701 8 45 11 11 CD 34701 8 46 Steam Steam NNP 34701 8 47 Engine Engine NNP 34701 8 48 Details Details NNP 34701 8 49 15 15 CD 34701 8 50 Steam Steam NNP 34701 8 51 Engine Engine NNP 34701 8 52 Economy Economy NNP 34701 8 53 30 30 CD 34701 8 54 Types type NNS 34701 8 55 of of IN 34701 8 56 Steam Steam NNP 34701 8 57 Engines Engines NNP 34701 8 58 36 36 CD 34701 8 59 Steam Steam NNP 34701 8 60 Engine engine NN 34701 8 61 Testing test VBG 34701 8 62 41 41 CD 34701 8 63 Copyright copyright NN 34701 8 64 , , , 34701 8 65 1911 1911 CD 34701 8 66 , , , 34701 8 67 The the DT 34701 8 68 Industrial Industrial NNP 34701 8 69 Press Press NNP 34701 8 70 , , , 34701 8 71 Publishers Publishers NNPS 34701 8 72 of of IN 34701 8 73 MACHINERY MACHINERY NNP 34701 8 74 , , , 34701 8 75 49 49 CD 34701 8 76 - - SYM 34701 8 77 55 55 CD 34701 8 78 Lafayette Lafayette NNP 34701 8 79 Street Street NNP 34701 8 80 , , , 34701 8 81 New New NNP 34701 8 82 York York NNP 34701 8 83 City City NNP 34701 8 84 . . . 34701 9 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34701 9 2 I -PRON- PRP 34701 9 3 ACTION action VBP 34701 9 4 OF of IN 34701 9 5 STEAM steam JJ 34701 9 6 ENGINES engines NN 34701 9 7 A a DT 34701 9 8 steam steam NN 34701 9 9 engine engine NN 34701 9 10 is be VBZ 34701 9 11 a a DT 34701 9 12 device device NN 34701 9 13 by by IN 34701 9 14 means mean NNS 34701 9 15 of of IN 34701 9 16 which which WDT 34701 9 17 _ _ NNP 34701 9 18 heat heat NN 34701 9 19 _ _ NNP 34701 9 20 is be VBZ 34701 9 21 transformed transform VBN 34701 9 22 into into IN 34701 9 23 _ _ NNP 34701 9 24 work work NN 34701 9 25 _ _ NNP 34701 9 26 . . . 34701 10 1 Work work NN 34701 10 2 may may MD 34701 10 3 be be VB 34701 10 4 defined define VBN 34701 10 5 as as IN 34701 10 6 the the DT 34701 10 7 result result NN 34701 10 8 produced produce VBN 34701 10 9 by by IN 34701 10 10 a a DT 34701 10 11 force force NN 34701 10 12 acting act VBG 34701 10 13 through through IN 34701 10 14 space space NN 34701 10 15 , , , 34701 10 16 and and CC 34701 10 17 is be VBZ 34701 10 18 commonly commonly RB 34701 10 19 measured measure VBN 34701 10 20 in in IN 34701 10 21 foot foot NN 34701 10 22 - - HYPH 34701 10 23 pounds pound NNS 34701 10 24 ; ; : 34701 10 25 a a DT 34701 10 26 foot foot NN 34701 10 27 - - HYPH 34701 10 28 pound pound NN 34701 10 29 represents represent VBZ 34701 10 30 the the DT 34701 10 31 work work NN 34701 10 32 done do VBN 34701 10 33 in in IN 34701 10 34 raising raise VBG 34701 10 35 1 1 CD 34701 10 36 pound pound NN 34701 10 37 1 1 CD 34701 10 38 foot foot NN 34701 10 39 in in IN 34701 10 40 height height NN 34701 10 41 . . . 34701 11 1 The the DT 34701 11 2 rate rate NN 34701 11 3 of of IN 34701 11 4 doing do VBG 34701 11 5 work work NN 34701 11 6 is be VBZ 34701 11 7 called call VBN 34701 11 8 _ _ NNP 34701 11 9 power power NN 34701 11 10 _ _ NNP 34701 11 11 . . . 34701 12 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 12 2 has have VBZ 34701 12 3 been be VBN 34701 12 4 found find VBN 34701 12 5 by by IN 34701 12 6 experiment experiment NN 34701 12 7 that that IN 34701 12 8 there there EX 34701 12 9 is be VBZ 34701 12 10 a a DT 34701 12 11 definite definite JJ 34701 12 12 relation relation NN 34701 12 13 between between IN 34701 12 14 heat heat NN 34701 12 15 and and CC 34701 12 16 work work NN 34701 12 17 , , , 34701 12 18 in in IN 34701 12 19 the the DT 34701 12 20 ratio ratio NN 34701 12 21 of of IN 34701 12 22 1 1 CD 34701 12 23 thermal thermal JJ 34701 12 24 unit unit NN 34701 12 25 to to IN 34701 12 26 778 778 CD 34701 12 27 foot foot NN 34701 12 28 - - HYPH 34701 12 29 pounds pound NNS 34701 12 30 of of IN 34701 12 31 work work NN 34701 12 32 . . . 34701 13 1 The the DT 34701 13 2 number number NN 34701 13 3 778 778 CD 34701 13 4 is be VBZ 34701 13 5 commonly commonly RB 34701 13 6 called call VBN 34701 13 7 the the DT 34701 13 8 heat heat NN 34701 13 9 equivalent equivalent JJ 34701 13 10 of of IN 34701 13 11 work work NN 34701 13 12 or or CC 34701 13 13 the the DT 34701 13 14 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 13 15 equivalent equivalent NN 34701 13 16 of of IN 34701 13 17 heat heat NN 34701 13 18 . . . 34701 14 1 Heat heat NN 34701 14 2 may may MD 34701 14 3 be be VB 34701 14 4 transformed transform VBN 34701 14 5 into into IN 34701 14 6 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 14 7 work work NN 34701 14 8 through through IN 34701 14 9 the the DT 34701 14 10 medium medium NN 34701 14 11 of of IN 34701 14 12 steam steam NN 34701 14 13 , , , 34701 14 14 by by IN 34701 14 15 confining confine VBG 34701 14 16 a a DT 34701 14 17 given give VBN 34701 14 18 amount amount NN 34701 14 19 in in IN 34701 14 20 a a DT 34701 14 21 closed close VBN 34701 14 22 chamber chamber NN 34701 14 23 , , , 34701 14 24 and and CC 34701 14 25 then then RB 34701 14 26 allowing allow VBG 34701 14 27 it -PRON- PRP 34701 14 28 to to TO 34701 14 29 expand expand VB 34701 14 30 by by IN 34701 14 31 means mean NNS 34701 14 32 of of IN 34701 14 33 a a DT 34701 14 34 movable movable JJ 34701 14 35 wall wall NN 34701 14 36 ( ( -LRB- 34701 14 37 piston piston NNP 34701 14 38 ) ) -RRB- 34701 14 39 fitted fit VBD 34701 14 40 into into IN 34701 14 41 one one CD 34701 14 42 side side NN 34701 14 43 of of IN 34701 14 44 the the DT 34701 14 45 chamber chamber NN 34701 14 46 . . . 34701 15 1 Heat heat NN 34701 15 2 is be VBZ 34701 15 3 given give VBN 34701 15 4 up up RP 34701 15 5 in in IN 34701 15 6 the the DT 34701 15 7 process process NN 34701 15 8 of of IN 34701 15 9 expansion expansion NN 34701 15 10 , , , 34701 15 11 as as IN 34701 15 12 shown show VBN 34701 15 13 by by IN 34701 15 14 the the DT 34701 15 15 lowered lower VBN 34701 15 16 pressure pressure NN 34701 15 17 and and CC 34701 15 18 temperature temperature NN 34701 15 19 of of IN 34701 15 20 the the DT 34701 15 21 steam steam NN 34701 15 22 , , , 34701 15 23 and and CC 34701 15 24 work work NN 34701 15 25 has have VBZ 34701 15 26 been be VBN 34701 15 27 done do VBN 34701 15 28 in in IN 34701 15 29 moving move VBG 34701 15 30 the the DT 34701 15 31 wall wall NN 34701 15 32 ( ( -LRB- 34701 15 33 piston piston NNP 34701 15 34 ) ) -RRB- 34701 15 35 of of IN 34701 15 36 the the DT 34701 15 37 closed closed JJ 34701 15 38 chamber chamber NN 34701 15 39 against against IN 34701 15 40 a a DT 34701 15 41 resisting resist VBG 34701 15 42 force force NN 34701 15 43 or or CC 34701 15 44 pressure pressure NN 34701 15 45 . . . 34701 16 1 When when WRB 34701 16 2 the the DT 34701 16 3 expansion expansion NN 34701 16 4 of of IN 34701 16 5 steam steam NN 34701 16 6 takes take VBZ 34701 16 7 place place NN 34701 16 8 without without IN 34701 16 9 the the DT 34701 16 10 loss loss NN 34701 16 11 of of IN 34701 16 12 heat heat NN 34701 16 13 by by IN 34701 16 14 radiation radiation NN 34701 16 15 or or CC 34701 16 16 conduction conduction NN 34701 16 17 , , , 34701 16 18 the the DT 34701 16 19 relation relation NN 34701 16 20 between between IN 34701 16 21 the the DT 34701 16 22 pressure pressure NN 34701 16 23 and and CC 34701 16 24 volume volume NN 34701 16 25 is be VBZ 34701 16 26 practically practically RB 34701 16 27 constant constant JJ 34701 16 28 ; ; : 34701 16 29 that that RB 34701 16 30 is is RB 34701 16 31 , , , 34701 16 32 if if IN 34701 16 33 a a DT 34701 16 34 given give VBN 34701 16 35 quantity quantity NN 34701 16 36 of of IN 34701 16 37 steam steam NN 34701 16 38 expands expand VBZ 34701 16 39 to to TO 34701 16 40 twice twice PDT 34701 16 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 16 42 volume volume NN 34701 16 43 in in IN 34701 16 44 a a DT 34701 16 45 closed closed JJ 34701 16 46 chamber chamber NN 34701 16 47 of of IN 34701 16 48 the the DT 34701 16 49 kind kind NN 34701 16 50 above above RB 34701 16 51 described describe VBN 34701 16 52 , , , 34701 16 53 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 16 54 final final JJ 34701 16 55 pressure pressure NN 34701 16 56 will will MD 34701 16 57 be be VB 34701 16 58 one one CD 34701 16 59 - - HYPH 34701 16 60 half half NN 34701 16 61 that that DT 34701 16 62 of of IN 34701 16 63 the the DT 34701 16 64 initial initial JJ 34701 16 65 pressure pressure NN 34701 16 66 before before IN 34701 16 67 expansion expansion NN 34701 16 68 took take VBD 34701 16 69 place place NN 34701 16 70 . . . 34701 17 1 A a DT 34701 17 2 pound pound NN 34701 17 3 of of IN 34701 17 4 steam steam NN 34701 17 5 at at IN 34701 17 6 an an DT 34701 17 7 absolute absolute JJ 34701 17 8 pressure pressure NN 34701 17 9 of of IN 34701 17 10 20 20 CD 34701 17 11 pounds pound NNS 34701 17 12 per per IN 34701 17 13 square square JJ 34701 17 14 inch inch NN 34701 17 15 has have VBZ 34701 17 16 a a DT 34701 17 17 volume volume NN 34701 17 18 of of IN 34701 17 19 practically practically RB 34701 17 20 20 20 CD 34701 17 21 cubic cubic JJ 34701 17 22 feet foot NNS 34701 17 23 , , , 34701 17 24 and and CC 34701 17 25 a a DT 34701 17 26 temperature temperature NN 34701 17 27 of of IN 34701 17 28 228 228 CD 34701 17 29 degrees degree NNS 34701 17 30 . . . 34701 18 1 If if IN 34701 18 2 now now RB 34701 18 3 it -PRON- PRP 34701 18 4 be be VB 34701 18 5 expanded expand VBN 34701 18 6 so so IN 34701 18 7 that that IN 34701 18 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 18 9 volume volume NN 34701 18 10 is be VBZ 34701 18 11 doubled double VBN 34701 18 12 ( ( -LRB- 34701 18 13 40 40 CD 34701 18 14 cubic cubic JJ 34701 18 15 feet foot NNS 34701 18 16 ) ) -RRB- 34701 18 17 , , , 34701 18 18 the the DT 34701 18 19 pressure pressure NN 34701 18 20 will will MD 34701 18 21 drop drop VB 34701 18 22 to to IN 34701 18 23 approximately approximately RB 34701 18 24 10 10 CD 34701 18 25 pounds pound NNS 34701 18 26 per per IN 34701 18 27 square square JJ 34701 18 28 inch inch NN 34701 18 29 and and CC 34701 18 30 the the DT 34701 18 31 temperature temperature NN 34701 18 32 will will MD 34701 18 33 be be VB 34701 18 34 only only RB 34701 18 35 about about RB 34701 18 36 190 190 CD 34701 18 37 degrees degree NNS 34701 18 38 . . . 34701 19 1 The the DT 34701 19 2 drop drop NN 34701 19 3 in in IN 34701 19 4 temperature temperature NN 34701 19 5 is be VBZ 34701 19 6 due due JJ 34701 19 7 to to IN 34701 19 8 the the DT 34701 19 9 loss loss NN 34701 19 10 of of IN 34701 19 11 heat heat NN 34701 19 12 which which WDT 34701 19 13 has have VBZ 34701 19 14 been be VBN 34701 19 15 transformed transform VBN 34701 19 16 into into IN 34701 19 17 work work NN 34701 19 18 in in IN 34701 19 19 the the DT 34701 19 20 process process NN 34701 19 21 of of IN 34701 19 22 expansion expansion NN 34701 19 23 and and CC 34701 19 24 in in IN 34701 19 25 moving move VBG 34701 19 26 the the DT 34701 19 27 wall wall NN 34701 19 28 ( ( -LRB- 34701 19 29 piston piston NNP 34701 19 30 ) ) -RRB- 34701 19 31 of of IN 34701 19 32 the the DT 34701 19 33 chamber chamber NN 34701 19 34 against against IN 34701 19 35 a a DT 34701 19 36 resisting resist VBG 34701 19 37 force force NN 34701 19 38 , , , 34701 19 39 as as IN 34701 19 40 already already RB 34701 19 41 noted note VBN 34701 19 42 . . . 34701 20 1 Principle principle NN 34701 20 2 of of IN 34701 20 3 the the DT 34701 20 4 Steam Steam NNP 34701 20 5 Engine Engine NNP 34701 20 6 The the DT 34701 20 7 steam steam NN 34701 20 8 engine engine NN 34701 20 9 makes make VBZ 34701 20 10 use use NN 34701 20 11 of of IN 34701 20 12 a a DT 34701 20 13 closed closed JJ 34701 20 14 chamber chamber NN 34701 20 15 with with IN 34701 20 16 a a DT 34701 20 17 movable movable JJ 34701 20 18 wall wall NN 34701 20 19 in in IN 34701 20 20 transforming transform VBG 34701 20 21 the the DT 34701 20 22 heat heat NN 34701 20 23 of of IN 34701 20 24 steam steam NN 34701 20 25 into into IN 34701 20 26 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 20 27 work work NN 34701 20 28 in in IN 34701 20 29 the the DT 34701 20 30 manner manner NN 34701 20 31 just just RB 34701 20 32 described describe VBN 34701 20 33 . . . 34701 21 1 Fig fig NN 34701 21 2 . . . 34701 22 1 1 1 CD 34701 22 2 shows show VBZ 34701 22 3 a a DT 34701 22 4 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 34701 22 5 section section NN 34701 22 6 through through IN 34701 22 7 an an DT 34701 22 8 engine engine NN 34701 22 9 of of IN 34701 22 10 simple simple JJ 34701 22 11 design design NN 34701 22 12 , , , 34701 22 13 and and CC 34701 22 14 illustrates illustrate VBZ 34701 22 15 the the DT 34701 22 16 principal principal JJ 34701 22 17 parts part NNS 34701 22 18 and and CC 34701 22 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 34701 22 20 relation relation NN 34701 22 21 to to IN 34701 22 22 one one CD 34701 22 23 another another DT 34701 22 24 . . . 34701 23 1 The the DT 34701 23 2 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 23 3 _ _ NNP 34701 23 4 A A NNP 34701 23 5 _ _ NNP 34701 23 6 is be VBZ 34701 23 7 the the DT 34701 23 8 closed closed JJ 34701 23 9 chamber chamber NN 34701 23 10 in in IN 34701 23 11 which which WDT 34701 23 12 expansion expansion NN 34701 23 13 takes take VBZ 34701 23 14 place place NN 34701 23 15 , , , 34701 23 16 and and CC 34701 23 17 the the DT 34701 23 18 piston piston NN 34701 23 19 _ _ NNP 34701 23 20 B B NNP 34701 23 21 _ _ NNP 34701 23 22 , , , 34701 23 23 the the DT 34701 23 24 movable movable JJ 34701 23 25 wall wall NN 34701 23 26 . . . 34701 24 1 The the DT 34701 24 2 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 24 3 is be VBZ 34701 24 4 of of IN 34701 24 5 cast cast NN 34701 24 6 iron iron NN 34701 24 7 , , , 34701 24 8 accurately accurately RB 34701 24 9 bored bored JJ 34701 24 10 and and CC 34701 24 11 finished finish VBD 34701 24 12 to to IN 34701 24 13 a a DT 34701 24 14 circular circular JJ 34701 24 15 cross cross JJ 34701 24 16 - - NN 34701 24 17 section section NN 34701 24 18 . . . 34701 25 1 The the DT 34701 25 2 piston piston NN 34701 25 3 is be VBZ 34701 25 4 carefully carefully RB 34701 25 5 fitted fit VBN 34701 25 6 to to TO 34701 25 7 slide slide VB 34701 25 8 easily easily RB 34701 25 9 in in IN 34701 25 10 the the DT 34701 25 11 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 25 12 , , , 34701 25 13 being be VBG 34701 25 14 made make VBN 34701 25 15 practically practically RB 34701 25 16 steam steam NN 34701 25 17 tight tight JJ 34701 25 18 by by IN 34701 25 19 means mean NNS 34701 25 20 of of IN 34701 25 21 packing pack VBG 34701 25 22 rings ring NNS 34701 25 23 . . . 34701 26 1 The the DT 34701 26 2 work work NN 34701 26 3 generated generate VBD 34701 26 4 in in IN 34701 26 5 moving move VBG 34701 26 6 the the DT 34701 26 7 piston piston NN 34701 26 8 is be VBZ 34701 26 9 transferred transfer VBN 34701 26 10 to to IN 34701 26 11 the the DT 34701 26 12 crank crank NN 34701 26 13 - - HYPH 34701 26 14 pin pin NNP 34701 26 15 _ _ NNP 34701 26 16 H H NNP 34701 26 17 _ _ NNP 34701 26 18 by by IN 34701 26 19 means mean NNS 34701 26 20 of of IN 34701 26 21 the the DT 34701 26 22 piston piston NN 34701 26 23 - - HYPH 34701 26 24 rod rod NN 34701 26 25 _ _ NNP 34701 26 26 C C NNP 34701 26 27 _ _ NNP 34701 26 28 , , , 34701 26 29 and and CC 34701 26 30 the the DT 34701 26 31 connecting connect VBG 34701 26 32 - - HYPH 34701 26 33 rod rod NN 34701 26 34 _ _ NNP 34701 26 35 F F NNP 34701 26 36 _ _ NNP 34701 26 37 . . . 34701 27 1 The the DT 34701 27 2 piston piston NN 34701 27 3 - - HYPH 34701 27 4 rod rod NN 34701 27 5 passes pass VBZ 34701 27 6 out out IN 34701 27 7 of of IN 34701 27 8 the the DT 34701 27 9 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 27 10 through through IN 34701 27 11 a a DT 34701 27 12 stuffing stuffing NN 34701 27 13 box box NN 34701 27 14 , , , 34701 27 15 which which WDT 34701 27 16 prevents prevent VBZ 34701 27 17 the the DT 34701 27 18 leakage leakage NN 34701 27 19 of of IN 34701 27 20 steam steam NN 34701 27 21 around around IN 34701 27 22 it -PRON- PRP 34701 27 23 . . . 34701 28 1 The the DT 34701 28 2 cross cross JJ 34701 28 3 - - JJ 34701 28 4 head head NN 34701 28 5 _ _ NNP 34701 28 6 D D NNP 34701 28 7 _ _ NNP 34701 28 8 serves serve VBZ 34701 28 9 to to TO 34701 28 10 guide guide VB 34701 28 11 the the DT 34701 28 12 piston piston NN 34701 28 13 - - HYPH 34701 28 14 rod rod NN 34701 28 15 in in IN 34701 28 16 a a DT 34701 28 17 straight straight JJ 34701 28 18 line line NN 34701 28 19 , , , 34701 28 20 and and CC 34701 28 21 also also RB 34701 28 22 contains contain VBZ 34701 28 23 the the DT 34701 28 24 wrist wrist NN 34701 28 25 - - HYPH 34701 28 26 pin pin NN 34701 28 27 _ _ NNP 34701 28 28 E E NNP 34701 28 29 _ _ NNP 34701 28 30 which which WDT 34701 28 31 joins join VBZ 34701 28 32 the the DT 34701 28 33 piston piston NN 34701 28 34 - - HYPH 34701 28 35 rod rod NN 34701 28 36 and and CC 34701 28 37 connecting connect VBG 34701 28 38 - - HYPH 34701 28 39 rod rod NN 34701 28 40 . . . 34701 29 1 The the DT 34701 29 2 cross cross JJ 34701 29 3 - - JJ 34701 29 4 head head NN 34701 29 5 slides slide NNS 34701 29 6 upon upon IN 34701 29 7 the the DT 34701 29 8 guide guide NN 34701 29 9 - - HYPH 34701 29 10 plate plate NN 34701 29 11 _ _ NNP 34701 29 12 G G NNP 34701 29 13 _ _ NNP 34701 29 14 , , , 34701 29 15 which which WDT 34701 29 16 causes cause VBZ 34701 29 17 it -PRON- PRP 34701 29 18 to to TO 34701 29 19 move move VB 34701 29 20 in in IN 34701 29 21 an an DT 34701 29 22 accurate accurate JJ 34701 29 23 line line NN 34701 29 24 , , , 34701 29 25 and and CC 34701 29 26 at at IN 34701 29 27 the the DT 34701 29 28 same same JJ 34701 29 29 time time NN 34701 29 30 takes take VBZ 34701 29 31 the the DT 34701 29 32 downward downward JJ 34701 29 33 thrust thrust NN 34701 29 34 from from IN 34701 29 35 the the DT 34701 29 36 connecting connect VBG 34701 29 37 - - HYPH 34701 29 38 rod rod NN 34701 29 39 . . . 34701 30 1 The the DT 34701 30 2 crank crank NN 34701 30 3 - - HYPH 34701 30 4 pin pin NN 34701 30 5 is be VBZ 34701 30 6 connected connect VBN 34701 30 7 with with IN 34701 30 8 the the DT 34701 30 9 main main JJ 34701 30 10 shaft shaft NN 34701 30 11 _ _ NNP 34701 30 12 I -PRON- PRP 34701 30 13 _ _ NNP 34701 30 14 by by IN 34701 30 15 means mean NNS 34701 30 16 of of IN 34701 30 17 a a DT 34701 30 18 crank crank NN 34701 30 19 arm arm NN 34701 30 20 , , , 34701 30 21 which which WDT 34701 30 22 in in IN 34701 30 23 this this DT 34701 30 24 case case NN 34701 30 25 is be VBZ 34701 30 26 made make VBN 34701 30 27 in in IN 34701 30 28 the the DT 34701 30 29 form form NN 34701 30 30 of of IN 34701 30 31 a a DT 34701 30 32 disk disk NN 34701 30 33 in in IN 34701 30 34 order order NN 34701 30 35 to to TO 34701 30 36 give give VB 34701 30 37 a a DT 34701 30 38 better well JJR 34701 30 39 balance balance NN 34701 30 40 . . . 34701 31 1 The the DT 34701 31 2 balance balance NN 34701 31 3 wheel wheel NN 34701 31 4 or or CC 34701 31 5 flywheel flywheel VB 34701 31 6 _ _ NNP 34701 31 7 J J NNP 34701 31 8 _ _ NNP 34701 31 9 carries carry VBZ 34701 31 10 the the DT 34701 31 11 crank crank NN 34701 31 12 past past IN 34701 31 13 the the DT 34701 31 14 dead dead JJ 34701 31 15 centers center NNS 34701 31 16 at at IN 34701 31 17 the the DT 34701 31 18 ends end NNS 34701 31 19 of of IN 34701 31 20 the the DT 34701 31 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 31 22 , , , 34701 31 23 and and CC 34701 31 24 gives give VBZ 34701 31 25 a a DT 34701 31 26 uniform uniform JJ 34701 31 27 motion motion NN 34701 31 28 to to IN 34701 31 29 the the DT 34701 31 30 shaft shaft NN 34701 31 31 . . . 34701 32 1 The the DT 34701 32 2 various various JJ 34701 32 3 parts part NNS 34701 32 4 of of IN 34701 32 5 the the DT 34701 32 6 engine engine NN 34701 32 7 are be VBP 34701 32 8 carried carry VBN 34701 32 9 on on IN 34701 32 10 a a DT 34701 32 11 rigid rigid JJ 34701 32 12 bed bed NN 34701 32 13 _ _ NNP 34701 32 14 K K NNP 34701 32 15 _ _ NNP 34701 32 16 , , , 34701 32 17 usually usually RB 34701 32 18 of of IN 34701 32 19 cast cast NN 34701 32 20 iron iron NN 34701 32 21 , , , 34701 32 22 which which WDT 34701 32 23 in in IN 34701 32 24 turn turn NN 34701 32 25 is be VBZ 34701 32 26 bolted bolt VBN 34701 32 27 to to IN 34701 32 28 a a DT 34701 32 29 foundation foundation NN 34701 32 30 of of IN 34701 32 31 brick brick NN 34701 32 32 or or CC 34701 32 33 concrete concrete NN 34701 32 34 . . . 34701 33 1 The the DT 34701 33 2 power power NN 34701 33 3 developed develop VBD 34701 33 4 is be VBZ 34701 33 5 taken take VBN 34701 33 6 off off RP 34701 33 7 by by IN 34701 33 8 means mean NNS 34701 33 9 of of IN 34701 33 10 a a DT 34701 33 11 belted belt VBN 34701 33 12 pulley pulley NN 34701 33 13 attached attach VBN 34701 33 14 to to IN 34701 33 15 the the DT 34701 33 16 main main JJ 34701 33 17 shaft shaft NN 34701 33 18 , , , 34701 33 19 or or CC 34701 33 20 , , , 34701 33 21 in in IN 34701 33 22 certain certain JJ 34701 33 23 cases case NNS 34701 33 24 , , , 34701 33 25 in in IN 34701 33 26 the the DT 34701 33 27 form form NN 34701 33 28 of of IN 34701 33 29 electrical electrical JJ 34701 33 30 energy energy NN 34701 33 31 from from IN 34701 33 32 a a DT 34701 33 33 direct direct JJ 34701 33 34 - - HYPH 34701 33 35 connected connected JJ 34701 33 36 dynamo dynamo NN 34701 33 37 . . . 34701 34 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 34 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 34 3 : : : 34701 34 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 34 5 . . . 34701 35 1 1 1 LS 34701 35 2 . . . 34701 36 1 Longitudinal Longitudinal NNP 34701 36 2 Section Section NNP 34701 36 3 through through IN 34701 36 4 the the DT 34701 36 5 Ames Ames NNP 34701 36 6 High High NNP 34701 36 7 - - HYPH 34701 36 8 speed speed NN 34701 36 9 Engine engine NN 34701 36 10 ] ] -RRB- 34701 36 11 When when WRB 34701 36 12 in in IN 34701 36 13 action action NN 34701 36 14 , , , 34701 36 15 a a DT 34701 36 16 certain certain JJ 34701 36 17 amount amount NN 34701 36 18 of of IN 34701 36 19 steam steam NN 34701 36 20 ( ( -LRB- 34701 36 21 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 36 22 to to IN 34701 36 23 1/3 1/3 CD 34701 36 24 of of IN 34701 36 25 the the DT 34701 36 26 total total JJ 34701 36 27 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 36 28 volume volume NN 34701 36 29 in in IN 34701 36 30 simple simple JJ 34701 36 31 engines engine NNS 34701 36 32 ) ) -RRB- 34701 36 33 is be VBZ 34701 36 34 admitted admit VBN 34701 36 35 to to IN 34701 36 36 one one CD 34701 36 37 end end NN 34701 36 38 of of IN 34701 36 39 the the DT 34701 36 40 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 36 41 , , , 34701 36 42 while while IN 34701 36 43 the the DT 34701 36 44 other other JJ 34701 36 45 is be VBZ 34701 36 46 open open JJ 34701 36 47 to to IN 34701 36 48 the the DT 34701 36 49 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34701 36 50 . . . 34701 37 1 The the DT 34701 37 2 steam steam NN 34701 37 3 forces force VBZ 34701 37 4 the the DT 34701 37 5 piston piston NN 34701 37 6 forward forward IN 34701 37 7 a a DT 34701 37 8 certain certain JJ 34701 37 9 distance distance NN 34701 37 10 by by IN 34701 37 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 37 12 direct direct JJ 34701 37 13 action action NN 34701 37 14 at at IN 34701 37 15 the the DT 34701 37 16 boiler boiler NN 34701 37 17 pressure pressure NN 34701 37 18 . . . 34701 38 1 After after IN 34701 38 2 the the DT 34701 38 3 supply supply NN 34701 38 4 is be VBZ 34701 38 5 shut shut VBN 34701 38 6 off off RP 34701 38 7 , , , 34701 38 8 the the DT 34701 38 9 forward forward JJ 34701 38 10 movement movement NN 34701 38 11 of of IN 34701 38 12 the the DT 34701 38 13 piston piston NN 34701 38 14 is be VBZ 34701 38 15 continued continue VBN 34701 38 16 to to IN 34701 38 17 the the DT 34701 38 18 end end NN 34701 38 19 of of IN 34701 38 20 the the DT 34701 38 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 38 22 by by IN 34701 38 23 the the DT 34701 38 24 expansion expansion NN 34701 38 25 of of IN 34701 38 26 the the DT 34701 38 27 steam steam NN 34701 38 28 . . . 34701 39 1 Steam steam NN 34701 39 2 is be VBZ 34701 39 3 now now RB 34701 39 4 admitted admit VBN 34701 39 5 to to IN 34701 39 6 the the DT 34701 39 7 other other JJ 34701 39 8 end end NN 34701 39 9 of of IN 34701 39 10 the the DT 34701 39 11 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 39 12 , , , 34701 39 13 and and CC 34701 39 14 the the DT 34701 39 15 operation operation NN 34701 39 16 repeated repeat VBD 34701 39 17 on on IN 34701 39 18 the the DT 34701 39 19 backward backward JJ 34701 39 20 or or CC 34701 39 21 return return NN 34701 39 22 stroke stroke NN 34701 39 23 . . . 34701 40 1 An an DT 34701 40 2 enlarged enlarged JJ 34701 40 3 section section NN 34701 40 4 of of IN 34701 40 5 the the DT 34701 40 6 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 40 7 showing show VBG 34701 40 8 the the DT 34701 40 9 action action NN 34701 40 10 of of IN 34701 40 11 the the DT 34701 40 12 valve valve NN 34701 40 13 for for IN 34701 40 14 admitting admit VBG 34701 40 15 and and CC 34701 40 16 exhausting exhaust VBG 34701 40 17 the the DT 34701 40 18 steam steam NN 34701 40 19 is be VBZ 34701 40 20 shown show VBN 34701 40 21 in in IN 34701 40 22 Fig Fig NNP 34701 40 23 . . . 34701 41 1 2 2 LS 34701 41 2 . . . 34701 42 1 In in IN 34701 42 2 this this DT 34701 42 3 case case NN 34701 42 4 the the DT 34701 42 5 piston piston NN 34701 42 6 is be VBZ 34701 42 7 shown show VBN 34701 42 8 in in IN 34701 42 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 42 10 extreme extreme JJ 34701 42 11 backward backward JJ 34701 42 12 position position NN 34701 42 13 , , , 34701 42 14 ready ready JJ 34701 42 15 for for IN 34701 42 16 the the DT 34701 42 17 forward forward JJ 34701 42 18 stroke stroke NN 34701 42 19 . . . 34701 43 1 The the DT 34701 43 2 steam steam NN 34701 43 3 chest chest NN 34701 43 4 _ _ NNP 34701 43 5 L L NNP 34701 43 6 _ _ NNP 34701 43 7 is be VBZ 34701 43 8 filled fill VBN 34701 43 9 with with IN 34701 43 10 steam steam NN 34701 43 11 at at IN 34701 43 12 boiler boiler NN 34701 43 13 pressure pressure NN 34701 43 14 , , , 34701 43 15 which which WDT 34701 43 16 is be VBZ 34701 43 17 being be VBG 34701 43 18 admitted admit VBN 34701 43 19 to to IN 34701 43 20 the the DT 34701 43 21 narrow narrow JJ 34701 43 22 space space NN 34701 43 23 back back RB 34701 43 24 of of IN 34701 43 25 the the DT 34701 43 26 piston piston NN 34701 43 27 through through IN 34701 43 28 the the DT 34701 43 29 valve valve NN 34701 43 30 _ _ NNP 34701 43 31 N N NNP 34701 43 32 _ _ NNP 34701 43 33 , , , 34701 43 34 as as IN 34701 43 35 indicated indicate VBN 34701 43 36 by by IN 34701 43 37 the the DT 34701 43 38 arrows arrow NNS 34701 43 39 . . . 34701 44 1 The the DT 34701 44 2 exhaust exhaust JJ 34701 44 3 port port NN 34701 44 4 _ _ NNP 34701 44 5 M M NNP 34701 44 6 _ _ NNP 34701 44 7 is be VBZ 34701 44 8 in in IN 34701 44 9 communication communication NN 34701 44 10 with with IN 34701 44 11 the the DT 34701 44 12 other other JJ 34701 44 13 end end NN 34701 44 14 of of IN 34701 44 15 the the DT 34701 44 16 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 44 17 and and CC 34701 44 18 allows allow VBZ 34701 44 19 the the DT 34701 44 20 piston piston NN 34701 44 21 to to TO 34701 44 22 move move VB 34701 44 23 forward forward RB 34701 44 24 without without IN 34701 44 25 resistance resistance NN 34701 44 26 , , , 34701 44 27 except except IN 34701 44 28 that that IN 34701 44 29 due due IN 34701 44 30 to to IN 34701 44 31 the the DT 34701 44 32 piston piston NN 34701 44 33 - - HYPH 34701 44 34 rod rod NN 34701 44 35 , , , 34701 44 36 which which WDT 34701 44 37 transfers transfer VBZ 34701 44 38 the the DT 34701 44 39 work work NN 34701 44 40 done do VBN 34701 44 41 by by IN 34701 44 42 the the DT 34701 44 43 expanding expand VBG 34701 44 44 steam steam NN 34701 44 45 to to IN 34701 44 46 the the DT 34701 44 47 crank crank NN 34701 44 48 - - HYPH 34701 44 49 pin pin NNP 34701 44 50 . . . 34701 45 1 The the DT 34701 45 2 valve valve NN 34701 45 3 _ _ NNP 34701 45 4 N N NNP 34701 45 5 _ _ NNP 34701 45 6 is be VBZ 34701 45 7 operated operate VBN 34701 45 8 automatically automatically RB 34701 45 9 by by IN 34701 45 10 a a DT 34701 45 11 crank crank NN 34701 45 12 or or CC 34701 45 13 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 45 14 attached attach VBN 34701 45 15 to to IN 34701 45 16 the the DT 34701 45 17 main main JJ 34701 45 18 shaft shaft NN 34701 45 19 , , , 34701 45 20 and and CC 34701 45 21 opens open VBZ 34701 45 22 and and CC 34701 45 23 closes close VBZ 34701 45 24 the the DT 34701 45 25 supply supply NN 34701 45 26 and and CC 34701 45 27 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 45 28 ports port NNS 34701 45 29 at at IN 34701 45 30 the the DT 34701 45 31 proper proper JJ 34701 45 32 time time NN 34701 45 33 to to TO 34701 45 34 secure secure VB 34701 45 35 the the DT 34701 45 36 results result NNS 34701 45 37 described describe VBN 34701 45 38 . . . 34701 46 1 Work work NN 34701 46 2 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 46 3 Having have VBG 34701 46 4 discussed discuss VBN 34701 46 5 briefly briefly RB 34701 46 6 the the DT 34701 46 7 general general JJ 34701 46 8 principle principle NN 34701 46 9 upon upon IN 34701 46 10 which which WDT 34701 46 11 an an DT 34701 46 12 engine engine NN 34701 46 13 operates operate VBZ 34701 46 14 , , , 34701 46 15 the the DT 34701 46 16 next next JJ 34701 46 17 step step NN 34701 46 18 is be VBZ 34701 46 19 to to TO 34701 46 20 study study VB 34701 46 21 more more RBR 34701 46 22 carefully carefully RB 34701 46 23 the the DT 34701 46 24 transformation transformation NN 34701 46 25 of of IN 34701 46 26 heat heat NN 34701 46 27 into into IN 34701 46 28 work work NN 34701 46 29 within within IN 34701 46 30 the the DT 34701 46 31 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 46 32 , , , 34701 46 33 and and CC 34701 46 34 to to TO 34701 46 35 become become VB 34701 46 36 familiar familiar JJ 34701 46 37 with with IN 34701 46 38 the the DT 34701 46 39 graphical graphical JJ 34701 46 40 methods method NNS 34701 46 41 of of IN 34701 46 42 representing represent VBG 34701 46 43 it -PRON- PRP 34701 46 44 . . . 34701 47 1 Work work NN 34701 47 2 has have VBZ 34701 47 3 already already RB 34701 47 4 been be VBN 34701 47 5 defined define VBN 34701 47 6 as as IN 34701 47 7 the the DT 34701 47 8 result result NN 34701 47 9 of of IN 34701 47 10 force force NN 34701 47 11 acting act VBG 34701 47 12 through through IN 34701 47 13 space space NN 34701 47 14 , , , 34701 47 15 and and CC 34701 47 16 the the DT 34701 47 17 unit unit NN 34701 47 18 of of IN 34701 47 19 work work NN 34701 47 20 as as IN 34701 47 21 the the DT 34701 47 22 foot foot NN 34701 47 23 - - HYPH 34701 47 24 pound pound NN 34701 47 25 , , , 34701 47 26 which which WDT 34701 47 27 is be VBZ 34701 47 28 the the DT 34701 47 29 work work NN 34701 47 30 done do VBN 34701 47 31 in in IN 34701 47 32 raising raise VBG 34701 47 33 1 1 CD 34701 47 34 pound pound NN 34701 47 35 1 1 CD 34701 47 36 foot foot NN 34701 47 37 in in IN 34701 47 38 height height NN 34701 47 39 . . . 34701 48 1 For for IN 34701 48 2 example example NN 34701 48 3 , , , 34701 48 4 it -PRON- PRP 34701 48 5 requires require VBZ 34701 48 6 1 1 CD 34701 48 7 × × CD 34701 48 8 1 1 CD 34701 48 9 = = SYM 34701 48 10 1 1 CD 34701 48 11 foot foot NN 34701 48 12 - - HYPH 34701 48 13 pound pound NN 34701 48 14 to to TO 34701 48 15 raise raise VB 34701 48 16 1 1 CD 34701 48 17 pound pound NN 34701 48 18 1 1 CD 34701 48 19 foot foot NN 34701 48 20 , , , 34701 48 21 or or CC 34701 48 22 1 1 CD 34701 48 23 × × CD 34701 48 24 10 10 CD 34701 48 25 = = SYM 34701 48 26 10 10 CD 34701 48 27 foot foot NN 34701 48 28 - - HYPH 34701 48 29 pounds pound NNS 34701 48 30 to to TO 34701 48 31 raise raise VB 34701 48 32 1 1 CD 34701 48 33 pound pound NN 34701 48 34 10 10 CD 34701 48 35 feet foot NNS 34701 48 36 , , , 34701 48 37 or or CC 34701 48 38 10 10 CD 34701 48 39 × × NN 34701 48 40 1 1 CD 34701 48 41 = = SYM 34701 48 42 10 10 CD 34701 48 43 foot foot NN 34701 48 44 - - HYPH 34701 48 45 pounds pound NNS 34701 48 46 to to TO 34701 48 47 raise raise VB 34701 48 48 10 10 CD 34701 48 49 pounds pound NNS 34701 48 50 1 1 CD 34701 48 51 foot foot NN 34701 48 52 , , , 34701 48 53 or or CC 34701 48 54 10 10 CD 34701 48 55 × × CD 34701 48 56 10 10 CD 34701 48 57 = = SYM 34701 48 58 100 100 CD 34701 48 59 foot foot NN 34701 48 60 - - HYPH 34701 48 61 pounds pound NNS 34701 48 62 to to TO 34701 48 63 raise raise VB 34701 48 64 10 10 CD 34701 48 65 pounds pound NNS 34701 48 66 10 10 CD 34701 48 67 feet foot NNS 34701 48 68 , , , 34701 48 69 etc etc FW 34701 48 70 . . . 34701 49 1 That that RB 34701 49 2 is is RB 34701 49 3 , , , 34701 49 4 the the DT 34701 49 5 product product NN 34701 49 6 of of IN 34701 49 7 weight weight NN 34701 49 8 or or CC 34701 49 9 force force NN 34701 49 10 acting acting NN 34701 49 11 , , , 34701 49 12 times time NNS 34701 49 13 the the DT 34701 49 14 distance distance NN 34701 49 15 moved move VBD 34701 49 16 through through RB 34701 49 17 , , , 34701 49 18 represents represent VBZ 34701 49 19 work work NN 34701 49 20 ; ; : 34701 49 21 and and CC 34701 49 22 if if IN 34701 49 23 the the DT 34701 49 24 force force NN 34701 49 25 is be VBZ 34701 49 26 taken take VBN 34701 49 27 in in IN 34701 49 28 pounds pound NNS 34701 49 29 and and CC 34701 49 30 the the DT 34701 49 31 distance distance NN 34701 49 32 in in IN 34701 49 33 feet foot NNS 34701 49 34 , , , 34701 49 35 the the DT 34701 49 36 result result NN 34701 49 37 will will MD 34701 49 38 be be VB 34701 49 39 in in IN 34701 49 40 foot foot NN 34701 49 41 - - HYPH 34701 49 42 pounds pound NNS 34701 49 43 . . . 34701 50 1 This this DT 34701 50 2 result result NN 34701 50 3 may may MD 34701 50 4 be be VB 34701 50 5 shown show VBN 34701 50 6 graphically graphically RB 34701 50 7 by by IN 34701 50 8 a a DT 34701 50 9 figure figure NN 34701 50 10 called call VBN 34701 50 11 a a DT 34701 50 12 work work NN 34701 50 13 diagram diagram NN 34701 50 14 . . . 34701 51 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 51 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 51 3 : : : 34701 51 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 51 5 . . . 34701 52 1 2 2 LS 34701 52 2 . . . 34701 53 1 Section section NN 34701 53 2 of of IN 34701 53 3 Cylinder Cylinder NNP 34701 53 4 , , , 34701 53 5 showing show VBG 34701 53 6 Slide Slide NNP 34701 53 7 Valve valve NN 34701 53 8 ] ] -RRB- 34701 53 9 In in IN 34701 53 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 53 11 . . . 34701 54 1 3 3 LS 34701 54 2 , , , 34701 54 3 let let VB 34701 54 4 distances distance NNS 34701 54 5 on on IN 34701 54 6 the the DT 34701 54 7 line line NN 34701 54 8 _ _ NNP 34701 54 9 OY OY NNP 34701 54 10 _ _ NNP 34701 54 11 represent represent VBP 34701 54 12 the the DT 34701 54 13 force force NN 34701 54 14 acting acting NN 34701 54 15 , , , 34701 54 16 and and CC 34701 54 17 distances distance NNS 34701 54 18 on on IN 34701 54 19 _ _ NNP 34701 54 20 OX OX NNP 34701 54 21 _ _ NNP 34701 54 22 represent represent VBP 34701 54 23 the the DT 34701 54 24 space space NN 34701 54 25 moved move VBN 34701 54 26 through through RB 34701 54 27 . . . 34701 55 1 Suppose suppose VB 34701 55 2 the the DT 34701 55 3 figure figure NN 34701 55 4 to to TO 34701 55 5 be be VB 34701 55 6 drawn draw VBN 34701 55 7 to to IN 34701 55 8 such such PDT 34701 55 9 a a DT 34701 55 10 scale scale NN 34701 55 11 that that WDT 34701 55 12 _ _ NNP 34701 55 13 OY OY NNP 34701 55 14 _ _ NNP 34701 55 15 is be VBZ 34701 55 16 5 5 CD 34701 55 17 feet foot NNS 34701 55 18 in in IN 34701 55 19 height height NN 34701 55 20 , , , 34701 55 21 and and CC 34701 55 22 _ _ NNP 34701 55 23 OX OX NNP 34701 55 24 _ _ NNP 34701 55 25 10 10 CD 34701 55 26 feet foot NNS 34701 55 27 long long JJ 34701 55 28 . . . 34701 56 1 Let let VB 34701 56 2 each each DT 34701 56 3 division division NN 34701 56 4 on on IN 34701 56 5 _ _ NNP 34701 56 6 OY OY NNP 34701 56 7 _ _ NNP 34701 56 8 represent represent VBP 34701 56 9 1 1 CD 34701 56 10 pound pound NN 34701 56 11 pressure pressure NN 34701 56 12 , , , 34701 56 13 and and CC 34701 56 14 each each DT 34701 56 15 division division NN 34701 56 16 on on IN 34701 56 17 _ _ NNP 34701 56 18 OX OX NNP 34701 56 19 _ _ NNP 34701 56 20 1 1 CD 34701 56 21 foot foot NN 34701 56 22 of of IN 34701 56 23 space space NN 34701 56 24 moved move VBD 34701 56 25 through through RB 34701 56 26 . . . 34701 57 1 If if IN 34701 57 2 a a DT 34701 57 3 pressure pressure NN 34701 57 4 of of IN 34701 57 5 5 5 CD 34701 57 6 pounds pound NNS 34701 57 7 acts act VBZ 34701 57 8 through through IN 34701 57 9 a a DT 34701 57 10 distance distance NN 34701 57 11 of of IN 34701 57 12 10 10 CD 34701 57 13 feet foot NNS 34701 57 14 , , , 34701 57 15 then then RB 34701 57 16 an an DT 34701 57 17 amount amount NN 34701 57 18 of of IN 34701 57 19 5 5 CD 34701 57 20 × × CD 34701 57 21 10 10 CD 34701 57 22 = = SYM 34701 57 23 50 50 CD 34701 57 24 foot foot NN 34701 57 25 - - HYPH 34701 57 26 pounds pound NNS 34701 57 27 of of IN 34701 57 28 work work NN 34701 57 29 has have VBZ 34701 57 30 been be VBN 34701 57 31 done do VBN 34701 57 32 . . . 34701 58 1 Referring refer VBG 34701 58 2 to to IN 34701 58 3 Fig Fig NNP 34701 58 4 . . . 34701 59 1 3 3 LS 34701 59 2 , , , 34701 59 3 it -PRON- PRP 34701 59 4 is be VBZ 34701 59 5 evident evident JJ 34701 59 6 that that IN 34701 59 7 the the DT 34701 59 8 height height NN 34701 59 9 _ _ NNP 34701 59 10 OY OY NNP 34701 59 11 _ _ NNP 34701 59 12 ( ( -LRB- 34701 59 13 the the DT 34701 59 14 pressure pressure NN 34701 59 15 acting act VBG 34701 59 16 ) ) -RRB- 34701 59 17 , , , 34701 59 18 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 59 19 by by IN 34701 59 20 the the DT 34701 59 21 length length NN 34701 59 22 _ _ NNP 34701 59 23 OX OX NNP 34701 59 24 _ _ NNP 34701 59 25 ( ( -LRB- 34701 59 26 the the DT 34701 59 27 distance distance NN 34701 59 28 moved move VBD 34701 59 29 through through RB 34701 59 30 ) ) -RRB- 34701 59 31 , , , 34701 59 32 gives give VBZ 34701 59 33 5 5 CD 34701 59 34 × × CD 34701 59 35 10 10 CD 34701 59 36 = = SYM 34701 59 37 50 50 CD 34701 59 38 square square JJ 34701 59 39 feet foot NNS 34701 59 40 , , , 34701 59 41 which which WDT 34701 59 42 is be VBZ 34701 59 43 the the DT 34701 59 44 area area NN 34701 59 45 of of IN 34701 59 46 the the DT 34701 59 47 rectangle rectangle NNP 34701 59 48 _ _ NNP 34701 59 49 YCXO YCXO NNP 34701 59 50 _ _ NNP 34701 59 51 ; ; : 34701 59 52 that that RB 34701 59 53 is is RB 34701 59 54 , , , 34701 59 55 the the DT 34701 59 56 area area NN 34701 59 57 of of IN 34701 59 58 a a DT 34701 59 59 rectangle rectangle NN 34701 59 60 may may MD 34701 59 61 represent represent VB 34701 59 62 work work NN 34701 59 63 done do VBN 34701 59 64 , , , 34701 59 65 if if IN 34701 59 66 the the DT 34701 59 67 height height NN 34701 59 68 represents represent VBZ 34701 59 69 a a DT 34701 59 70 force force NN 34701 59 71 acting acting NN 34701 59 72 , , , 34701 59 73 and and CC 34701 59 74 the the DT 34701 59 75 length length NN 34701 59 76 the the DT 34701 59 77 distance distance NN 34701 59 78 moved move VBD 34701 59 79 through through RB 34701 59 80 . . . 34701 60 1 If if IN 34701 60 2 the the DT 34701 60 3 diagram diagram NN 34701 60 4 were be VBD 34701 60 5 drawn draw VBN 34701 60 6 to to IN 34701 60 7 a a DT 34701 60 8 smaller small JJR 34701 60 9 scale scale NN 34701 60 10 so so IN 34701 60 11 that that IN 34701 60 12 the the DT 34701 60 13 divisions division NNS 34701 60 14 were be VBD 34701 60 15 1 1 CD 34701 60 16 inch inch NN 34701 60 17 in in IN 34701 60 18 length length NN 34701 60 19 instead instead RB 34701 60 20 of of IN 34701 60 21 1 1 CD 34701 60 22 foot foot NN 34701 60 23 , , , 34701 60 24 the the DT 34701 60 25 area area NN 34701 60 26 _ _ NNP 34701 60 27 YCXO YCXO NNP 34701 60 28 _ _ NNP 34701 60 29 would would MD 34701 60 30 still still RB 34701 60 31 represent represent VB 34701 60 32 the the DT 34701 60 33 work work NN 34701 60 34 done do VBN 34701 60 35 , , , 34701 60 36 except except IN 34701 60 37 each each DT 34701 60 38 square square JJ 34701 60 39 inch inch NN 34701 60 40 would would MD 34701 60 41 equal equal VB 34701 60 42 1 1 CD 34701 60 43 foot foot NN 34701 60 44 - - HYPH 34701 60 45 pound pound NN 34701 60 46 instead instead RB 34701 60 47 of of IN 34701 60 48 each each DT 34701 60 49 square square JJ 34701 60 50 foot foot NN 34701 60 51 , , , 34701 60 52 as as IN 34701 60 53 in in IN 34701 60 54 the the DT 34701 60 55 present present JJ 34701 60 56 illustration illustration NN 34701 60 57 . . . 34701 61 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 61 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 61 3 : : : 34701 61 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 61 5 . . . 34701 62 1 3 3 LS 34701 62 2 . . . 34701 63 1 A a DT 34701 63 2 Simple Simple NNP 34701 63 3 Work Work NNP 34701 63 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 63 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 63 6 In in IN 34701 63 7 Fig Fig NNP 34701 63 8 . . . 34701 64 1 4 4 LS 34701 64 2 the the DT 34701 64 3 diagram diagram NN 34701 64 4 , , , 34701 64 5 instead instead RB 34701 64 6 of of IN 34701 64 7 being be VBG 34701 64 8 rectangular rectangular JJ 34701 64 9 in in IN 34701 64 10 form form NN 34701 64 11 , , , 34701 64 12 takes take VBZ 34701 64 13 a a DT 34701 64 14 different different JJ 34701 64 15 shape shape NN 34701 64 16 on on IN 34701 64 17 account account NN 34701 64 18 of of IN 34701 64 19 different different JJ 34701 64 20 forces force NNS 34701 64 21 acting act VBG 34701 64 22 at at IN 34701 64 23 different different JJ 34701 64 24 periods period NNS 34701 64 25 over over IN 34701 64 26 the the DT 34701 64 27 distance distance NN 34701 64 28 moved move VBD 34701 64 29 through through RB 34701 64 30 . . . 34701 65 1 In in IN 34701 65 2 the the DT 34701 65 3 first first JJ 34701 65 4 case case NN 34701 65 5 ( ( -LRB- 34701 65 6 Fig fig NN 34701 65 7 . . . 34701 66 1 3 3 LS 34701 66 2 ) ) -RRB- 34701 66 3 , , , 34701 66 4 a a DT 34701 66 5 uniform uniform JJ 34701 66 6 force force NN 34701 66 7 of of IN 34701 66 8 5 5 CD 34701 66 9 pounds pound NNS 34701 66 10 acts act VBZ 34701 66 11 through through IN 34701 66 12 a a DT 34701 66 13 distance distance NN 34701 66 14 of of IN 34701 66 15 10 10 CD 34701 66 16 feet foot NNS 34701 66 17 , , , 34701 66 18 and and CC 34701 66 19 produces produce VBZ 34701 66 20 5 5 CD 34701 66 21 × × CD 34701 66 22 10 10 CD 34701 66 23 = = SYM 34701 66 24 50 50 CD 34701 66 25 foot foot NN 34701 66 26 - - HYPH 34701 66 27 pounds pound NNS 34701 66 28 of of IN 34701 66 29 work work NN 34701 66 30 . . . 34701 67 1 In in IN 34701 67 2 the the DT 34701 67 3 second second JJ 34701 67 4 case case NN 34701 67 5 ( ( -LRB- 34701 67 6 Fig fig NN 34701 67 7 . . . 34701 68 1 4 4 LS 34701 68 2 ) ) -RRB- 34701 68 3 , , , 34701 68 4 forces force NNS 34701 68 5 of of IN 34701 68 6 5 5 CD 34701 68 7 pounds pound NNS 34701 68 8 , , , 34701 68 9 4 4 CD 34701 68 10 pounds pound NNS 34701 68 11 , , , 34701 68 12 3 3 CD 34701 68 13 pounds pound NNS 34701 68 14 , , , 34701 68 15 2 2 CD 34701 68 16 pounds pound NNS 34701 68 17 , , , 34701 68 18 and and CC 34701 68 19 1 1 CD 34701 68 20 pound pound NN 34701 68 21 , , , 34701 68 22 act act VBP 34701 68 23 through through IN 34701 68 24 distances distance NNS 34701 68 25 of of IN 34701 68 26 2 2 CD 34701 68 27 feet foot NNS 34701 68 28 each each DT 34701 68 29 , , , 34701 68 30 and and CC 34701 68 31 produce produce VB 34701 68 32 ( ( -LRB- 34701 68 33 5 5 CD 34701 68 34 × × CD 34701 68 35 2 2 CD 34701 68 36 ) ) -RRB- 34701 68 37 + + NFP 34701 68 38 ( ( -LRB- 34701 68 39 4 4 CD 34701 68 40 × × CD 34701 68 41 2 2 CD 34701 68 42 ) ) -RRB- 34701 68 43 + + NFP 34701 68 44 ( ( -LRB- 34701 68 45 3 3 CD 34701 68 46 × × CD 34701 68 47 2 2 CD 34701 68 48 ) ) -RRB- 34701 68 49 + + NFP 34701 68 50 ( ( -LRB- 34701 68 51 2 2 CD 34701 68 52 × × CD 34701 68 53 2 2 CD 34701 68 54 ) ) -RRB- 34701 68 55 + + NFP 34701 68 56 ( ( -LRB- 34701 68 57 1 1 CD 34701 68 58 × × CD 34701 68 59 2 2 CD 34701 68 60 ) ) -RRB- 34701 68 61 = = SYM 34701 68 62 30 30 CD 34701 68 63 foot foot NN 34701 68 64 - - HYPH 34701 68 65 pounds pound NNS 34701 68 66 . . . 34701 69 1 This this DT 34701 69 2 is be VBZ 34701 69 3 also also RB 34701 69 4 the the DT 34701 69 5 area area NN 34701 69 6 , , , 34701 69 7 in in IN 34701 69 8 square square JJ 34701 69 9 feet foot NNS 34701 69 10 , , , 34701 69 11 of of IN 34701 69 12 the the DT 34701 69 13 figure figure NN 34701 69 14 _ _ NNP 34701 69 15 Y54321XO Y54321XO NNP 34701 69 16 _ _ NNP 34701 69 17 , , , 34701 69 18 which which WDT 34701 69 19 is be VBZ 34701 69 20 made make VBN 34701 69 21 up up RP 34701 69 22 of of IN 34701 69 23 the the DT 34701 69 24 areas area NNS 34701 69 25 of of IN 34701 69 26 the the DT 34701 69 27 five five CD 34701 69 28 small small JJ 34701 69 29 rectangles rectangle NNS 34701 69 30 shown show VBN 34701 69 31 by by IN 34701 69 32 the the DT 34701 69 33 dotted dotted JJ 34701 69 34 lines line NNS 34701 69 35 . . . 34701 70 1 Another another DT 34701 70 2 way way NN 34701 70 3 of of IN 34701 70 4 finding find VBG 34701 70 5 the the DT 34701 70 6 total total JJ 34701 70 7 area area NN 34701 70 8 of of IN 34701 70 9 the the DT 34701 70 10 figure figure NN 34701 70 11 shown show VBN 34701 70 12 in in IN 34701 70 13 Fig Fig NNP 34701 70 14 . . . 34701 71 1 4 4 LS 34701 71 2 , , , 34701 71 3 and and CC 34701 71 4 determining determine VBG 34701 71 5 the the DT 34701 71 6 work work NN 34701 71 7 done do VBN 34701 71 8 , , , 34701 71 9 is be VBZ 34701 71 10 to to TO 34701 71 11 multiply multiply VB 34701 71 12 the the DT 34701 71 13 length length NN 34701 71 14 by by IN 34701 71 15 the the DT 34701 71 16 average average NN 34701 71 17 of of IN 34701 71 18 the the DT 34701 71 19 heights height NNS 34701 71 20 of of IN 34701 71 21 the the DT 34701 71 22 small small JJ 34701 71 23 rectangles rectangle NNS 34701 71 24 . . . 34701 72 1 The the DT 34701 72 2 average average JJ 34701 72 3 height height NN 34701 72 4 is be VBZ 34701 72 5 found find VBN 34701 72 6 by by IN 34701 72 7 adding add VBG 34701 72 8 the the DT 34701 72 9 several several JJ 34701 72 10 heights height NNS 34701 72 11 and and CC 34701 72 12 dividing divide VBG 34701 72 13 the the DT 34701 72 14 sum sum NN 34701 72 15 by by IN 34701 72 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 34701 72 17 number number NN 34701 72 18 , , , 34701 72 19 as as IN 34701 72 20 follows follow VBZ 34701 72 21 : : : 34701 72 22 5 5 CD 34701 72 23 + + SYM 34701 72 24 4 4 CD 34701 72 25 + + SYM 34701 72 26 3 3 CD 34701 72 27 + + SYM 34701 72 28 2 2 CD 34701 72 29 + + SYM 34701 72 30 1 1 CD 34701 72 31 ----------------- ----------------- CD 34701 72 32 = = SYM 34701 72 33 3 3 CD 34701 72 34 , , , 34701 72 35 and and CC 34701 72 36 3 3 CD 34701 72 37 × × CD 34701 72 38 10 10 CD 34701 72 39 = = SYM 34701 72 40 30 30 CD 34701 72 41 square square JJ 34701 72 42 feet foot NNS 34701 72 43 , , , 34701 72 44 as as IN 34701 72 45 before before RB 34701 72 46 . . . 34701 73 1 5 5 LS 34701 73 2 [ [ -LRB- 34701 73 3 Illustration illustration NN 34701 73 4 : : : 34701 73 5 Fig Fig NNP 34701 73 6 . . . 34701 74 1 4 4 LS 34701 74 2 . . . 34701 75 1 Another another DT 34701 75 2 Form Form NNP 34701 75 3 of of IN 34701 75 4 Work Work NNP 34701 75 5 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 75 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 75 7 This this DT 34701 75 8 , , , 34701 75 9 then then RB 34701 75 10 , , , 34701 75 11 means mean VBZ 34701 75 12 that that IN 34701 75 13 the the DT 34701 75 14 average average JJ 34701 75 15 force force NN 34701 75 16 acting act VBG 34701 75 17 throughout throughout IN 34701 75 18 the the DT 34701 75 19 stroke stroke NN 34701 75 20 is be VBZ 34701 75 21 3 3 CD 34701 75 22 pounds pound NNS 34701 75 23 , , , 34701 75 24 and and CC 34701 75 25 the the DT 34701 75 26 total total JJ 34701 75 27 work work NN 34701 75 28 done do VBN 34701 75 29 is be VBZ 34701 75 30 3 3 CD 34701 75 31 × × CD 34701 75 32 10 10 CD 34701 75 33 = = SYM 34701 75 34 30 30 CD 34701 75 35 foot foot NN 34701 75 36 - - HYPH 34701 75 37 pounds pound NNS 34701 75 38 . . . 34701 76 1 In in IN 34701 76 2 Fig Fig NNP 34701 76 3 . . . 34701 77 1 5 5 CD 34701 77 2 the the DT 34701 77 3 pressure pressure NN 34701 77 4 drops drop VBZ 34701 77 5 uniformly uniformly RB 34701 77 6 from from IN 34701 77 7 5 5 CD 34701 77 8 pounds pound NNS 34701 77 9 at at IN 34701 77 10 the the DT 34701 77 11 beginning beginning NN 34701 77 12 to to IN 34701 77 13 0 0 CD 34701 77 14 at at IN 34701 77 15 the the DT 34701 77 16 end end NN 34701 77 17 of of IN 34701 77 18 the the DT 34701 77 19 stroke stroke NN 34701 77 20 . . . 34701 78 1 In in IN 34701 78 2 this this DT 34701 78 3 case case NN 34701 78 4 also also RB 34701 78 5 the the DT 34701 78 6 area area NN 34701 78 7 and and CC 34701 78 8 work work NN 34701 78 9 done do VBN 34701 78 10 are be VBP 34701 78 11 found find VBN 34701 78 12 by by IN 34701 78 13 multiplying multiply VBG 34701 78 14 the the DT 34701 78 15 length length NN 34701 78 16 of of IN 34701 78 17 the the DT 34701 78 18 diagram diagram NN 34701 78 19 by by IN 34701 78 20 the the DT 34701 78 21 average average JJ 34701 78 22 height height NN 34701 78 23 , , , 34701 78 24 as as IN 34701 78 25 follows follow VBZ 34701 78 26 : : : 34701 78 27 5 5 CD 34701 78 28 + + SYM 34701 78 29 0 0 CD 34701 78 30 ----- ----- CD 34701 78 31 × × CD 34701 78 32 10 10 CD 34701 78 33 = = SYM 34701 78 34 25 25 CD 34701 78 35 square square JJ 34701 78 36 feet foot NNS 34701 78 37 , , , 34701 78 38 2 2 CD 34701 78 39 or or CC 34701 78 40 25 25 CD 34701 78 41 foot foot NN 34701 78 42 - - HYPH 34701 78 43 pounds pound NNS 34701 78 44 of of IN 34701 78 45 work work NN 34701 78 46 done do VBN 34701 78 47 . . . 34701 79 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 79 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 79 3 : : : 34701 79 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 79 5 . . . 34701 80 1 5 5 CD 34701 80 2 . . . 34701 81 1 Work work NN 34701 81 2 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 81 3 when when WRB 34701 81 4 Pressure pressure NN 34701 81 5 drops drop VBZ 34701 81 6 Uniformly uniformly RB 34701 81 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 81 8 The the DT 34701 81 9 object object NN 34701 81 10 of of IN 34701 81 11 Figs fig NNS 34701 81 12 . . . 34701 82 1 3 3 CD 34701 82 2 , , , 34701 82 3 4 4 CD 34701 82 4 and and CC 34701 82 5 5 5 CD 34701 82 6 is be VBZ 34701 82 7 to to TO 34701 82 8 show show VB 34701 82 9 how how WRB 34701 82 10 foot foot NN 34701 82 11 - - HYPH 34701 82 12 pounds pound NNS 34701 82 13 of of IN 34701 82 14 work work NN 34701 82 15 may may MD 34701 82 16 be be VB 34701 82 17 represented represent VBN 34701 82 18 graphically graphically RB 34701 82 19 by by IN 34701 82 20 the the DT 34701 82 21 areas area NNS 34701 82 22 of of IN 34701 82 23 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 82 24 , , , 34701 82 25 and and CC 34701 82 26 also also RB 34701 82 27 to to TO 34701 82 28 make make VB 34701 82 29 it -PRON- PRP 34701 82 30 clear clear JJ 34701 82 31 that that IN 34701 82 32 this this DT 34701 82 33 remains remain VBZ 34701 82 34 true true JJ 34701 82 35 whatever whatever WDT 34701 82 36 the the DT 34701 82 37 form form NN 34701 82 38 of of IN 34701 82 39 the the DT 34701 82 40 diagram diagram NN 34701 82 41 . . . 34701 83 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 83 2 is be VBZ 34701 83 3 also also RB 34701 83 4 evident evident JJ 34701 83 5 that that IN 34701 83 6 knowing know VBG 34701 83 7 the the DT 34701 83 8 area area NN 34701 83 9 , , , 34701 83 10 the the DT 34701 83 11 average average JJ 34701 83 12 height height NN 34701 83 13 or or CC 34701 83 14 pressure pressure NN 34701 83 15 may may MD 34701 83 16 be be VB 34701 83 17 found find VBN 34701 83 18 by by IN 34701 83 19 dividing divide VBG 34701 83 20 by by IN 34701 83 21 the the DT 34701 83 22 length length NN 34701 83 23 , , , 34701 83 24 and and CC 34701 83 25 _ _ NNP 34701 83 26 vice vice NN 34701 83 27 versa versa NNP 34701 83 28 _ _ NNP 34701 83 29 . . . 34701 84 1 Fig fig NN 34701 84 2 . . . 34701 85 1 6 6 CD 34701 85 2 shows show VBZ 34701 85 3 the the DT 34701 85 4 form form NN 34701 85 5 of of IN 34701 85 6 work work NN 34701 85 7 diagram diagram NN 34701 85 8 which which WDT 34701 85 9 would would MD 34701 85 10 be be VB 34701 85 11 produced produce VBN 34701 85 12 by by IN 34701 85 13 the the DT 34701 85 14 action action NN 34701 85 15 of of IN 34701 85 16 the the DT 34701 85 17 steam steam NN 34701 85 18 in in IN 34701 85 19 an an DT 34701 85 20 engine engine NN 34701 85 21 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 85 22 , , , 34701 85 23 if if IN 34701 85 24 no no DT 34701 85 25 heat heat NN 34701 85 26 were be VBD 34701 85 27 lost lose VBN 34701 85 28 by by IN 34701 85 29 conduction conduction NN 34701 85 30 and and CC 34701 85 31 radiation radiation NN 34701 85 32 . . . 34701 86 1 Starting start VBG 34701 86 2 with with IN 34701 86 3 the the DT 34701 86 4 piston piston NN 34701 86 5 in in IN 34701 86 6 the the DT 34701 86 7 position position NN 34701 86 8 shown show VBN 34701 86 9 in in IN 34701 86 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 86 11 . . . 34701 87 1 2 2 CD 34701 87 2 , , , 34701 87 3 steam steam NN 34701 87 4 is be VBZ 34701 87 5 admitted admit VBN 34701 87 6 at at IN 34701 87 7 a a DT 34701 87 8 pressure pressure NN 34701 87 9 represented represent VBN 34701 87 10 by by IN 34701 87 11 the the DT 34701 87 12 height height NN 34701 87 13 of of IN 34701 87 14 the the DT 34701 87 15 line line NN 34701 87 16 _ _ NNP 34701 87 17 OY OY NNP 34701 87 18 _ _ NNP 34701 87 19 . . . 34701 88 1 As as IN 34701 88 2 the the DT 34701 88 3 piston piston NN 34701 88 4 moves move VBZ 34701 88 5 forward forward RB 34701 88 6 , , , 34701 88 7 sufficient sufficient JJ 34701 88 8 steam steam NN 34701 88 9 is be VBZ 34701 88 10 admitted admit VBN 34701 88 11 to to TO 34701 88 12 maintain maintain VB 34701 88 13 the the DT 34701 88 14 same same JJ 34701 88 15 pressure pressure NN 34701 88 16 . . . 34701 89 1 At at IN 34701 89 2 the the DT 34701 89 3 point point NN 34701 89 4 _ _ NNP 34701 89 5 B B NNP 34701 89 6 _ _ NNP 34701 89 7 the the DT 34701 89 8 valve valve NN 34701 89 9 closes close NNS 34701 89 10 and and CC 34701 89 11 steam steam NN 34701 89 12 is be VBZ 34701 89 13 cut cut VBN 34701 89 14 off off RP 34701 89 15 . . . 34701 90 1 The the DT 34701 90 2 work work NN 34701 90 3 done do VBN 34701 90 4 up up RP 34701 90 5 to to IN 34701 90 6 this this DT 34701 90 7 time time NN 34701 90 8 is be VBZ 34701 90 9 shown show VBN 34701 90 10 by by IN 34701 90 11 the the DT 34701 90 12 rectangle rectangle NNP 34701 90 13 _ _ NNP 34701 90 14 YBbO YBbO NNP 34701 90 15 _ _ NNP 34701 90 16 . . . 34701 91 1 From from IN 34701 91 2 the the DT 34701 91 3 point point NN 34701 91 4 _ _ NNP 34701 91 5 B B NNP 34701 91 6 _ _ NNP 34701 91 7 to to IN 34701 91 8 the the DT 34701 91 9 end end NN 34701 91 10 of of IN 34701 91 11 the the DT 34701 91 12 stroke stroke NN 34701 91 13 _ _ NNP 34701 91 14 C C NNP 34701 91 15 _ _ NNP 34701 91 16 , , , 34701 91 17 the the DT 34701 91 18 piston piston NN 34701 91 19 is be VBZ 34701 91 20 moved move VBN 34701 91 21 forward forward RB 34701 91 22 by by IN 34701 91 23 the the DT 34701 91 24 expansion expansion NN 34701 91 25 of of IN 34701 91 26 the the DT 34701 91 27 steam steam NN 34701 91 28 , , , 34701 91 29 the the DT 34701 91 30 pressure pressure NN 34701 91 31 falling fall VBG 34701 91 32 in in IN 34701 91 33 proportion proportion NN 34701 91 34 to to IN 34701 91 35 the the DT 34701 91 36 distance distance NN 34701 91 37 moved move VBD 34701 91 38 through through RB 34701 91 39 , , , 34701 91 40 until until IN 34701 91 41 at at IN 34701 91 42 the the DT 34701 91 43 end end NN 34701 91 44 of of IN 34701 91 45 the the DT 34701 91 46 stroke stroke NN 34701 91 47 it -PRON- PRP 34701 91 48 is be VBZ 34701 91 49 represented represent VBN 34701 91 50 by by IN 34701 91 51 the the DT 34701 91 52 vertical vertical JJ 34701 91 53 line line NN 34701 91 54 _ _ NNP 34701 91 55 CX CX NNP 34701 91 56 _ _ NNP 34701 91 57 . . . 34701 92 1 At at IN 34701 92 2 the the DT 34701 92 3 point point NN 34701 92 4 _ _ NNP 34701 92 5 C C NNP 34701 92 6 _ _ NNP 34701 92 7 the the DT 34701 92 8 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 92 9 valve valve NN 34701 92 10 opens open VBZ 34701 92 11 and and CC 34701 92 12 the the DT 34701 92 13 pressure pressure NN 34701 92 14 drops drop VBZ 34701 92 15 to to IN 34701 92 16 0 0 CD 34701 92 17 ( ( -LRB- 34701 92 18 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34701 92 19 pressure pressure NN 34701 92 20 in in IN 34701 92 21 this this DT 34701 92 22 case case NN 34701 92 23 ) ) -RRB- 34701 92 24 . . . 34701 93 1 As as IN 34701 93 2 it -PRON- PRP 34701 93 3 is be VBZ 34701 93 4 always always RB 34701 93 5 desirable desirable JJ 34701 93 6 to to TO 34701 93 7 find find VB 34701 93 8 the the DT 34701 93 9 work work NN 34701 93 10 done do VBN 34701 93 11 by by IN 34701 93 12 a a DT 34701 93 13 complete complete JJ 34701 93 14 stroke stroke NN 34701 93 15 of of IN 34701 93 16 the the DT 34701 93 17 engine engine NN 34701 93 18 , , , 34701 93 19 it -PRON- PRP 34701 93 20 is be VBZ 34701 93 21 necessary necessary JJ 34701 93 22 to to TO 34701 93 23 find find VB 34701 93 24 the the DT 34701 93 25 average average JJ 34701 93 26 or or CC 34701 93 27 mean mean VB 34701 93 28 pressure pressure NN 34701 93 29 acting act VBG 34701 93 30 throughout throughout IN 34701 93 31 the the DT 34701 93 32 stroke stroke NN 34701 93 33 . . . 34701 94 1 This this DT 34701 94 2 can can MD 34701 94 3 only only RB 34701 94 4 be be VB 34701 94 5 done do VBN 34701 94 6 by by IN 34701 94 7 determining determine VBG 34701 94 8 the the DT 34701 94 9 area area NN 34701 94 10 of of IN 34701 94 11 the the DT 34701 94 12 diagram diagram NN 34701 94 13 and and CC 34701 94 14 dividing divide VBG 34701 94 15 by by IN 34701 94 16 the the DT 34701 94 17 length length NN 34701 94 18 of of IN 34701 94 19 the the DT 34701 94 20 stroke stroke NN 34701 94 21 . . . 34701 95 1 This this DT 34701 95 2 gives give VBZ 34701 95 3 what what WP 34701 95 4 is be VBZ 34701 95 5 called call VBN 34701 95 6 the the DT 34701 95 7 mean mean NNP 34701 95 8 ordinate ordinate NN 34701 95 9 , , , 34701 95 10 which which WDT 34701 95 11 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 95 12 by by IN 34701 95 13 the the DT 34701 95 14 scale scale NN 34701 95 15 of of IN 34701 95 16 the the DT 34701 95 17 drawing drawing NN 34701 95 18 , , , 34701 95 19 will will MD 34701 95 20 give give VB 34701 95 21 the the DT 34701 95 22 mean mean NN 34701 95 23 or or CC 34701 95 24 average average JJ 34701 95 25 pressure pressure NN 34701 95 26 . . . 34701 96 1 For for IN 34701 96 2 example example NN 34701 96 3 , , , 34701 96 4 if if IN 34701 96 5 the the DT 34701 96 6 area area NN 34701 96 7 of of IN 34701 96 8 the the DT 34701 96 9 diagram diagram NN 34701 96 10 is be VBZ 34701 96 11 found find VBN 34701 96 12 to to TO 34701 96 13 be be VB 34701 96 14 6 6 CD 34701 96 15 square square JJ 34701 96 16 inches inch NNS 34701 96 17 , , , 34701 96 18 and and CC 34701 96 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 96 20 length length NN 34701 96 21 is be VBZ 34701 96 22 3 3 CD 34701 96 23 inches inch NNS 34701 96 24 , , , 34701 96 25 the the DT 34701 96 26 mean mean JJ 34701 96 27 ordinate ordinate NN 34701 96 28 will will MD 34701 96 29 be be VB 34701 96 30 6 6 CD 34701 96 31 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 96 32 3 3 CD 34701 96 33 = = SYM 34701 96 34 2 2 CD 34701 96 35 inches inch NNS 34701 96 36 . . . 34701 97 1 If if IN 34701 97 2 the the DT 34701 97 3 diagram diagram NN 34701 97 4 is be VBZ 34701 97 5 drawn draw VBN 34701 97 6 to to IN 34701 97 7 such such PDT 34701 97 8 a a DT 34701 97 9 scale scale NN 34701 97 10 that that WDT 34701 97 11 1 1 CD 34701 97 12 inch inch NN 34701 97 13 on on IN 34701 97 14 _ _ NNP 34701 97 15 OY OY NNP 34701 97 16 _ _ NNP 34701 97 17 represents represent VBZ 34701 97 18 10 10 CD 34701 97 19 pounds pound NNS 34701 97 20 , , , 34701 97 21 then then RB 34701 97 22 the the DT 34701 97 23 average average NN 34701 97 24 or or CC 34701 97 25 mean mean VB 34701 97 26 pressure pressure NN 34701 97 27 will will MD 34701 97 28 be be VB 34701 97 29 2 2 CD 34701 97 30 × × CD 34701 97 31 10 10 CD 34701 97 32 = = SYM 34701 97 33 20 20 CD 34701 97 34 pounds pound NNS 34701 97 35 , , , 34701 97 36 and and CC 34701 97 37 this this DT 34701 97 38 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 97 39 by by IN 34701 97 40 the the DT 34701 97 41 actual actual JJ 34701 97 42 length length NN 34701 97 43 of of IN 34701 97 44 the the DT 34701 97 45 piston piston NNP 34701 97 46 stroke stroke NN 34701 97 47 will will MD 34701 97 48 give give VB 34701 97 49 the the DT 34701 97 50 work work NN 34701 97 51 done do VBN 34701 97 52 in in IN 34701 97 53 foot foot NN 34701 97 54 - - HYPH 34701 97 55 pounds pound NNS 34701 97 56 . . . 34701 98 1 The the DT 34701 98 2 practical practical JJ 34701 98 3 application application NN 34701 98 4 of of IN 34701 98 5 the the DT 34701 98 6 above above JJ 34701 98 7 , , , 34701 98 8 together together RB 34701 98 9 with with IN 34701 98 10 the the DT 34701 98 11 method method NN 34701 98 12 of of IN 34701 98 13 obtaining obtain VBG 34701 98 14 steam steam NN 34701 98 15 engine engine NN 34701 98 16 indicator indicator NN 34701 98 17 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 98 18 and and CC 34701 98 19 measuring measure VBG 34701 98 20 the the DT 34701 98 21 areas area NNS 34701 98 22 of of IN 34701 98 23 the the DT 34701 98 24 same same JJ 34701 98 25 , , , 34701 98 26 will will MD 34701 98 27 be be VB 34701 98 28 taken take VBN 34701 98 29 up up RP 34701 98 30 in in IN 34701 98 31 detail detail NN 34701 98 32 under under IN 34701 98 33 the the DT 34701 98 34 heading heading NN 34701 98 35 of of IN 34701 98 36 Steam Steam NNP 34701 98 37 Engine Engine NNP 34701 98 38 Testing Testing NNP 34701 98 39 . . . 34701 99 1 Definitions definition NNS 34701 99 2 Relating relate VBG 34701 99 3 to to IN 34701 99 4 Engine engine NN 34701 99 5 Diagrams Diagrams NNP 34701 99 6 Before before IN 34701 99 7 taking take VBG 34701 99 8 up up RP 34701 99 9 the the DT 34701 99 10 construction construction NN 34701 99 11 of of IN 34701 99 12 an an DT 34701 99 13 actual actual JJ 34701 99 14 engine engine NN 34701 99 15 diagram diagram NN 34701 99 16 , , , 34701 99 17 it -PRON- PRP 34701 99 18 is be VBZ 34701 99 19 first first RB 34701 99 20 necessary necessary JJ 34701 99 21 to to TO 34701 99 22 become become VB 34701 99 23 familiar familiar JJ 34701 99 24 with with IN 34701 99 25 certain certain JJ 34701 99 26 terms term NNS 34701 99 27 which which WDT 34701 99 28 are be VBP 34701 99 29 used use VBN 34701 99 30 in in IN 34701 99 31 connection connection NN 34701 99 32 with with IN 34701 99 33 it -PRON- PRP 34701 99 34 . . . 34701 100 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 100 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 100 3 : : : 34701 100 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 100 5 . . . 34701 101 1 6 6 CD 34701 101 2 . . . 34701 102 1 The the DT 34701 102 2 Ideal Ideal NNP 34701 102 3 Work Work NNP 34701 102 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 102 5 of of IN 34701 102 6 a a DT 34701 102 7 Steam Steam NNP 34701 102 8 Engine Engine NNP 34701 102 9 ] ] -RRB- 34701 102 10 _ _ NNP 34701 102 11 Cut Cut NNP 34701 102 12 - - HYPH 34701 102 13 off._--The off._--the CD 34701 102 14 cut cut NN 34701 102 15 - - HYPH 34701 102 16 off off RP 34701 102 17 is be VBZ 34701 102 18 the the DT 34701 102 19 point point NN 34701 102 20 in in IN 34701 102 21 the the DT 34701 102 22 stroke stroke NN 34701 102 23 at at IN 34701 102 24 which which WDT 34701 102 25 the the DT 34701 102 26 admission admission NN 34701 102 27 valve valve NN 34701 102 28 closes close NNS 34701 102 29 and and CC 34701 102 30 the the DT 34701 102 31 expansion expansion NN 34701 102 32 of of IN 34701 102 33 steam steam NN 34701 102 34 begins begin VBZ 34701 102 35 . . . 34701 103 1 _ _ NNP 34701 103 2 Ratio Ratio NNP 34701 103 3 of of IN 34701 103 4 Expansion._--This expansion._--this CD 34701 103 5 is be VBZ 34701 103 6 the the DT 34701 103 7 reciprocal reciprocal JJ 34701 103 8 of of IN 34701 103 9 the the DT 34701 103 10 cut cut NN 34701 103 11 - - HYPH 34701 103 12 off off RP 34701 103 13 , , , 34701 103 14 that that RB 34701 103 15 is is RB 34701 103 16 , , , 34701 103 17 if if IN 34701 103 18 the the DT 34701 103 19 cut cut NN 34701 103 20 - - HYPH 34701 103 21 off off RP 34701 103 22 is be VBZ 34701 103 23 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 103 24 , , , 34701 103 25 the the DT 34701 103 26 ratio ratio NN 34701 103 27 of of IN 34701 103 28 expansion expansion NN 34701 103 29 is be VBZ 34701 103 30 4 4 CD 34701 103 31 . . . 34701 104 1 In in IN 34701 104 2 other other JJ 34701 104 3 words word NNS 34701 104 4 , , , 34701 104 5 it -PRON- PRP 34701 104 6 is be VBZ 34701 104 7 the the DT 34701 104 8 ratio ratio NN 34701 104 9 of of IN 34701 104 10 the the DT 34701 104 11 final final JJ 34701 104 12 volume volume NN 34701 104 13 of of IN 34701 104 14 the the DT 34701 104 15 steam steam NN 34701 104 16 at at IN 34701 104 17 the the DT 34701 104 18 end end NN 34701 104 19 of of IN 34701 104 20 the the DT 34701 104 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 104 22 to to IN 34701 104 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 104 24 volume volume NN 34701 104 25 at at IN 34701 104 26 the the DT 34701 104 27 point point NN 34701 104 28 of of IN 34701 104 29 cut cut NN 34701 104 30 - - HYPH 34701 104 31 off off NN 34701 104 32 . . . 34701 105 1 For for IN 34701 105 2 example example NN 34701 105 3 , , , 34701 105 4 a a DT 34701 105 5 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 105 6 takes take VBZ 34701 105 7 steam steam NN 34701 105 8 at at IN 34701 105 9 boiler boiler NN 34701 105 10 pressure pressure NN 34701 105 11 until until IN 34701 105 12 the the DT 34701 105 13 piston piston NN 34701 105 14 has have VBZ 34701 105 15 moved move VBN 34701 105 16 one one CD 34701 105 17 - - HYPH 34701 105 18 fourth fourth NN 34701 105 19 the the DT 34701 105 20 length length NN 34701 105 21 of of IN 34701 105 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 105 23 stroke stroke NN 34701 105 24 ; ; : 34701 105 25 the the DT 34701 105 26 valve valve NN 34701 105 27 now now RB 34701 105 28 closes close VBZ 34701 105 29 and and CC 34701 105 30 expansion expansion NN 34701 105 31 takes take VBZ 34701 105 32 place place NN 34701 105 33 until until IN 34701 105 34 the the DT 34701 105 35 stroke stroke NN 34701 105 36 is be VBZ 34701 105 37 completed complete VBN 34701 105 38 . . . 34701 106 1 The the DT 34701 106 2 one one CD 34701 106 3 - - HYPH 34701 106 4 fourth fourth NN 34701 106 5 cylinderful cylinderful NN 34701 106 6 of of IN 34701 106 7 steam steam NN 34701 106 8 has have VBZ 34701 106 9 become become VBN 34701 106 10 a a DT 34701 106 11 cylinderful cylinderful NN 34701 106 12 , , , 34701 106 13 that that RB 34701 106 14 is is RB 34701 106 15 , , , 34701 106 16 it -PRON- PRP 34701 106 17 has have VBZ 34701 106 18 expanded expand VBN 34701 106 19 to to IN 34701 106 20 four four CD 34701 106 21 times time NNS 34701 106 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 106 23 original original JJ 34701 106 24 volume volume NN 34701 106 25 , , , 34701 106 26 and and CC 34701 106 27 the the DT 34701 106 28 ratio ratio NN 34701 106 29 of of IN 34701 106 30 expansion expansion NN 34701 106 31 is be VBZ 34701 106 32 said say VBN 34701 106 33 to to TO 34701 106 34 be be VB 34701 106 35 4 4 CD 34701 106 36 . . . 34701 107 1 _ _ NNP 34701 107 2 Point Point NNP 34701 107 3 of of IN 34701 107 4 Release._--This Release._--This NNP 34701 107 5 is be VBZ 34701 107 6 the the DT 34701 107 7 point point NN 34701 107 8 in in IN 34701 107 9 the the DT 34701 107 10 stroke stroke NN 34701 107 11 at at IN 34701 107 12 which which WDT 34701 107 13 the the DT 34701 107 14 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 107 15 valve valve NN 34701 107 16 opens open VBZ 34701 107 17 and and CC 34701 107 18 relieves relieve VBZ 34701 107 19 the the DT 34701 107 20 pressure pressure NN 34701 107 21 acting act VBG 34701 107 22 on on IN 34701 107 23 the the DT 34701 107 24 piston piston NN 34701 107 25 . . . 34701 108 1 This this DT 34701 108 2 takes take VBZ 34701 108 3 place place NN 34701 108 4 just just RB 34701 108 5 before before IN 34701 108 6 the the DT 34701 108 7 end end NN 34701 108 8 of of IN 34701 108 9 the the DT 34701 108 10 stroke stroke NN 34701 108 11 in in IN 34701 108 12 order order NN 34701 108 13 to to TO 34701 108 14 reduce reduce VB 34701 108 15 the the DT 34701 108 16 shock shock NN 34701 108 17 when when WRB 34701 108 18 the the DT 34701 108 19 piston piston NN 34701 108 20 changes change VBZ 34701 108 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 108 22 direction direction NN 34701 108 23 of of IN 34701 108 24 travel travel NN 34701 108 25 . . . 34701 109 1 _ _ NNP 34701 109 2 Compression._--This Compression._--This NNP 34701 109 3 acts act VBZ 34701 109 4 in in IN 34701 109 5 connection connection NN 34701 109 6 with with IN 34701 109 7 the the DT 34701 109 8 premature premature JJ 34701 109 9 release release NN 34701 109 10 in in IN 34701 109 11 order order NN 34701 109 12 to to TO 34701 109 13 reduce reduce VB 34701 109 14 the the DT 34701 109 15 shock shock NN 34701 109 16 at at IN 34701 109 17 the the DT 34701 109 18 end end NN 34701 109 19 of of IN 34701 109 20 the the DT 34701 109 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 109 22 . . . 34701 110 1 During during IN 34701 110 2 the the DT 34701 110 3 forward forward JJ 34701 110 4 stroke stroke NN 34701 110 5 of of IN 34701 110 6 an an DT 34701 110 7 engine engine NN 34701 110 8 the the DT 34701 110 9 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 110 10 valve valve NN 34701 110 11 in in IN 34701 110 12 front front NN 34701 110 13 of of IN 34701 110 14 the the DT 34701 110 15 piston piston NN 34701 110 16 remains remain VBZ 34701 110 17 open open JJ 34701 110 18 as as IN 34701 110 19 shown show VBN 34701 110 20 in in IN 34701 110 21 Fig Fig NNP 34701 110 22 . . . 34701 111 1 2 2 LS 34701 111 2 . . . 34701 112 1 Shortly shortly RB 34701 112 2 before before IN 34701 112 3 the the DT 34701 112 4 end end NN 34701 112 5 of of IN 34701 112 6 the the DT 34701 112 7 stroke stroke NN 34701 112 8 this this DT 34701 112 9 closes close VBZ 34701 112 10 , , , 34701 112 11 leaving leave VBG 34701 112 12 a a DT 34701 112 13 certain certain JJ 34701 112 14 amount amount NN 34701 112 15 of of IN 34701 112 16 steam steam NN 34701 112 17 in in IN 34701 112 18 the the DT 34701 112 19 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 112 20 . . . 34701 113 1 The the DT 34701 113 2 continuation continuation NN 34701 113 3 of of IN 34701 113 4 the the DT 34701 113 5 stroke stroke NN 34701 113 6 compresses compress NNS 34701 113 7 this this DT 34701 113 8 steam steam NN 34701 113 9 , , , 34701 113 10 and and CC 34701 113 11 by by IN 34701 113 12 raising raise VBG 34701 113 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 113 14 pressure pressure NN 34701 113 15 forms form NNS 34701 113 16 a a DT 34701 113 17 cushion cushion NN 34701 113 18 , , , 34701 113 19 which which WDT 34701 113 20 , , , 34701 113 21 in in IN 34701 113 22 connection connection NN 34701 113 23 with with IN 34701 113 24 the the DT 34701 113 25 removal removal NN 34701 113 26 of of IN 34701 113 27 the the DT 34701 113 28 pressure pressure NN 34701 113 29 back back RB 34701 113 30 of of IN 34701 113 31 the the DT 34701 113 32 piston piston NN 34701 113 33 by by IN 34701 113 34 release release NN 34701 113 35 , , , 34701 113 36 brings bring VBZ 34701 113 37 the the DT 34701 113 38 piston piston NN 34701 113 39 to to IN 34701 113 40 a a DT 34701 113 41 stop stop NN 34701 113 42 and and CC 34701 113 43 causes cause VBZ 34701 113 44 it -PRON- PRP 34701 113 45 to to TO 34701 113 46 reverse reverse VB 34701 113 47 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 113 48 direction direction NN 34701 113 49 without without IN 34701 113 50 shock shock NN 34701 113 51 . . . 34701 114 1 High high JJ 34701 114 2 - - HYPH 34701 114 3 speed speed NN 34701 114 4 engines engine NNS 34701 114 5 require require VBP 34701 114 6 a a DT 34701 114 7 greater great JJR 34701 114 8 amount amount NN 34701 114 9 of of IN 34701 114 10 compression compression NN 34701 114 11 than than IN 34701 114 12 those those DT 34701 114 13 running run VBG 34701 114 14 at at IN 34701 114 15 low low JJ 34701 114 16 speed speed NN 34701 114 17 . . . 34701 115 1 _ _ NNP 34701 115 2 Clearance_.--This Clearance_.--This NNP 34701 115 3 is be VBZ 34701 115 4 the the DT 34701 115 5 space space NN 34701 115 6 between between IN 34701 115 7 the the DT 34701 115 8 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 115 9 head head NN 34701 115 10 and and CC 34701 115 11 the the DT 34701 115 12 piston piston NN 34701 115 13 when when WRB 34701 115 14 the the DT 34701 115 15 latter latter NN 34701 115 16 is be VBZ 34701 115 17 at at IN 34701 115 18 the the DT 34701 115 19 end end NN 34701 115 20 of of IN 34701 115 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 115 22 stroke stroke NN 34701 115 23 ; ; : 34701 115 24 it -PRON- PRP 34701 115 25 also also RB 34701 115 26 includes include VBZ 34701 115 27 that that IN 34701 115 28 portion portion NN 34701 115 29 of of IN 34701 115 30 the the DT 34701 115 31 steam steam NN 34701 115 32 port port NN 34701 115 33 between between IN 34701 115 34 the the DT 34701 115 35 valve valve NN 34701 115 36 and and CC 34701 115 37 the the DT 34701 115 38 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 115 39 . . . 34701 116 1 Clearance clearance NN 34701 116 2 is be VBZ 34701 116 3 usually usually RB 34701 116 4 expressed express VBN 34701 116 5 as as IN 34701 116 6 a a DT 34701 116 7 percentage percentage NN 34701 116 8 of of IN 34701 116 9 the the DT 34701 116 10 piston piston NN 34701 116 11 - - HYPH 34701 116 12 displacement displacement NN 34701 116 13 of of IN 34701 116 14 the the DT 34701 116 15 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 116 16 , , , 34701 116 17 and and CC 34701 116 18 varies vary VBZ 34701 116 19 in in IN 34701 116 20 different different JJ 34701 116 21 types type NNS 34701 116 22 of of IN 34701 116 23 engines engine NNS 34701 116 24 . . . 34701 117 1 The the DT 34701 117 2 following follow VBG 34701 117 3 table table NN 34701 117 4 gives give VBZ 34701 117 5 approximate approximate JJ 34701 117 6 values value NNS 34701 117 7 for for IN 34701 117 8 engines engine NNS 34701 117 9 of of IN 34701 117 10 different different JJ 34701 117 11 design design NN 34701 117 12 . . . 34701 118 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 34701 118 2 I. i. NN 34701 119 1 CLEARANCE clearance NN 34701 119 2 OF of IN 34701 119 3 STEAM steam JJ 34701 119 4 ENGINES engines NN 34701 119 5 Type type NN 34701 119 6 of of IN 34701 119 7 Engine Engine NNP 34701 119 8 Per Per NNP 34701 119 9 Cent Cent NNP 34701 119 10 Clearance Clearance NNP 34701 119 11 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 119 12 1.5 1.5 CD 34701 119 13 to to IN 34701 119 14 3.5 3.5 CD 34701 119 15 Moderate Moderate NNP 34701 119 16 - - HYPH 34701 119 17 speed speed NN 34701 119 18 3 3 CD 34701 119 19 to to TO 34701 119 20 8 8 CD 34701 119 21 High high JJ 34701 119 22 - - HYPH 34701 119 23 speed speed NN 34701 119 24 4 4 CD 34701 119 25 to to TO 34701 119 26 10 10 CD 34701 119 27 A a DT 34701 119 28 large large JJ 34701 119 29 clearance clearance NN 34701 119 30 is be VBZ 34701 119 31 evidently evidently RB 34701 119 32 objectionable objectionable JJ 34701 119 33 because because IN 34701 119 34 it -PRON- PRP 34701 119 35 represents represent VBZ 34701 119 36 a a DT 34701 119 37 space space NN 34701 119 38 which which WDT 34701 119 39 must must MD 34701 119 40 be be VB 34701 119 41 filled fill VBN 34701 119 42 with with IN 34701 119 43 steam steam NN 34701 119 44 at at IN 34701 119 45 boiler boiler NN 34701 119 46 pressure pressure NN 34701 119 47 at at IN 34701 119 48 the the DT 34701 119 49 beginning beginning NN 34701 119 50 of of IN 34701 119 51 each each DT 34701 119 52 stroke stroke NN 34701 119 53 , , , 34701 119 54 and and CC 34701 119 55 from from IN 34701 119 56 which which WDT 34701 119 57 but but CC 34701 119 58 a a DT 34701 119 59 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 119 60 small small JJ 34701 119 61 amount amount NN 34701 119 62 of of IN 34701 119 63 work work NN 34701 119 64 is be VBZ 34701 119 65 obtained obtain VBN 34701 119 66 . . . 34701 120 1 As as IN 34701 120 2 compression compression NN 34701 120 3 increases increase VBZ 34701 120 4 , , , 34701 120 5 the the DT 34701 120 6 amount amount NN 34701 120 7 of of IN 34701 120 8 steam steam NN 34701 120 9 required require VBN 34701 120 10 to to TO 34701 120 11 fill fill VB 34701 120 12 the the DT 34701 120 13 clearance clearance NN 34701 120 14 space space NN 34701 120 15 diminishes diminishe NNS 34701 120 16 , , , 34701 120 17 but but CC 34701 120 18 on on IN 34701 120 19 the the DT 34701 120 20 other other JJ 34701 120 21 hand hand NN 34701 120 22 , , , 34701 120 23 increasing increase VBG 34701 120 24 the the DT 34701 120 25 compression compression NN 34701 120 26 reduces reduce VBZ 34701 120 27 the the DT 34701 120 28 mean mean NN 34701 120 29 effective effective JJ 34701 120 30 pressure pressure NN 34701 120 31 . . . 34701 121 1 _ _ NNP 34701 121 2 Initial Initial NNP 34701 121 3 Pressure._--This Pressure._--This NNP 34701 121 4 is be VBZ 34701 121 5 the the DT 34701 121 6 pressure pressure NN 34701 121 7 in in IN 34701 121 8 the the DT 34701 121 9 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 121 10 up up IN 34701 121 11 to to IN 34701 121 12 the the DT 34701 121 13 point point NN 34701 121 14 of of IN 34701 121 15 cut cut NN 34701 121 16 - - HYPH 34701 121 17 off off NN 34701 121 18 . . . 34701 122 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 122 2 is be VBZ 34701 122 3 usually usually RB 34701 122 4 slightly slightly RB 34701 122 5 less less JJR 34701 122 6 than than IN 34701 122 7 boiler boiler NN 34701 122 8 pressure pressure NN 34701 122 9 owing owe VBG 34701 122 10 to to IN 34701 122 11 " " `` 34701 122 12 wire wire NN 34701 122 13 - - HYPH 34701 122 14 drawing drawing NN 34701 122 15 " " '' 34701 122 16 in in IN 34701 122 17 the the DT 34701 122 18 steam steam NN 34701 122 19 pipe pipe NN 34701 122 20 and and CC 34701 122 21 ports port NNS 34701 122 22 . . . 34701 123 1 _ _ NNP 34701 123 2 Terminal Terminal NNP 34701 123 3 Pressure._--This Pressure._--This NNP 34701 123 4 is be VBZ 34701 123 5 the the DT 34701 123 6 pressure pressure NN 34701 123 7 in in IN 34701 123 8 the the DT 34701 123 9 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 123 10 at at IN 34701 123 11 the the DT 34701 123 12 time time NN 34701 123 13 release release NN 34701 123 14 occurs occur VBZ 34701 123 15 , , , 34701 123 16 and and CC 34701 123 17 depends depend VBZ 34701 123 18 upon upon IN 34701 123 19 the the DT 34701 123 20 initial initial JJ 34701 123 21 pressure pressure NN 34701 123 22 , , , 34701 123 23 the the DT 34701 123 24 ratio ratio NN 34701 123 25 of of IN 34701 123 26 expansion expansion NN 34701 123 27 , , , 34701 123 28 and and CC 34701 123 29 the the DT 34701 123 30 amount amount NN 34701 123 31 of of IN 34701 123 32 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 123 33 condensation condensation NN 34701 123 34 . . . 34701 124 1 _ _ NNP 34701 124 2 Back back RB 34701 124 3 Pressure._--This pressure._--this PRP 34701 124 4 is be VBZ 34701 124 5 the the DT 34701 124 6 pressure pressure NN 34701 124 7 in in IN 34701 124 8 the the DT 34701 124 9 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 124 10 when when WRB 34701 124 11 the the DT 34701 124 12 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 124 13 port port NN 34701 124 14 is be VBZ 34701 124 15 open open JJ 34701 124 16 , , , 34701 124 17 and and CC 34701 124 18 is be VBZ 34701 124 19 that that DT 34701 124 20 against against IN 34701 124 21 which which WDT 34701 124 22 the the DT 34701 124 23 piston piston NN 34701 124 24 is be VBZ 34701 124 25 forced force VBN 34701 124 26 during during IN 34701 124 27 the the DT 34701 124 28 working work VBG 34701 124 29 stroke stroke NN 34701 124 30 . . . 34701 125 1 For for IN 34701 125 2 example example NN 34701 125 3 , , , 34701 125 4 in in IN 34701 125 5 Fig Fig NNP 34701 125 6 . . . 34701 126 1 2 2 CD 34701 126 2 the the DT 34701 126 3 small small JJ 34701 126 4 space space NN 34701 126 5 at at IN 34701 126 6 the the DT 34701 126 7 left left NN 34701 126 8 of of IN 34701 126 9 the the DT 34701 126 10 piston piston NN 34701 126 11 is be VBZ 34701 126 12 filled fill VBN 34701 126 13 with with IN 34701 126 14 steam steam NN 34701 126 15 at at IN 34701 126 16 initial initial JJ 34701 126 17 pressure pressure NN 34701 126 18 , , , 34701 126 19 while while IN 34701 126 20 the the DT 34701 126 21 space space NN 34701 126 22 at at IN 34701 126 23 the the DT 34701 126 24 right right NN 34701 126 25 of of IN 34701 126 26 the the DT 34701 126 27 piston piston NN 34701 126 28 is be VBZ 34701 126 29 exposed expose VBN 34701 126 30 to to IN 34701 126 31 the the DT 34701 126 32 back back JJ 34701 126 33 pressure pressure NN 34701 126 34 . . . 34701 127 1 The the DT 34701 127 2 working work VBG 34701 127 3 pressure pressure NN 34701 127 4 varies vary VBZ 34701 127 5 throughout throughout IN 34701 127 6 the the DT 34701 127 7 stroke stroke NN 34701 127 8 , , , 34701 127 9 due due IN 34701 127 10 to to IN 34701 127 11 the the DT 34701 127 12 expansion expansion NN 34701 127 13 of of IN 34701 127 14 the the DT 34701 127 15 steam steam NN 34701 127 16 , , , 34701 127 17 while while IN 34701 127 18 the the DT 34701 127 19 back back JJ 34701 127 20 pressure pressure NN 34701 127 21 remains remain VBZ 34701 127 22 constant constant JJ 34701 127 23 , , , 34701 127 24 except except IN 34701 127 25 for for IN 34701 127 26 the the DT 34701 127 27 effect effect NN 34701 127 28 of of IN 34701 127 29 compression compression NN 34701 127 30 at at IN 34701 127 31 the the DT 34701 127 32 end end NN 34701 127 33 of of IN 34701 127 34 the the DT 34701 127 35 stroke stroke NN 34701 127 36 . . . 34701 128 1 The the DT 34701 128 2 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 128 3 back back JJ 34701 128 4 pressure pressure NN 34701 128 5 in in IN 34701 128 6 a a DT 34701 128 7 non non JJ 34701 128 8 - - JJ 34701 128 9 condensing condensing JJ 34701 128 10 engine engine NN 34701 128 11 ( ( -LRB- 34701 128 12 one one CD 34701 128 13 exhausting exhaust VBG 34701 128 14 into into IN 34701 128 15 the the DT 34701 128 16 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34701 128 17 ) ) -RRB- 34701 128 18 is be VBZ 34701 128 19 that that DT 34701 128 20 of of IN 34701 128 21 the the DT 34701 128 22 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34701 128 23 or or CC 34701 128 24 14.7 14.7 CD 34701 128 25 pounds pound NNS 34701 128 26 per per IN 34701 128 27 square square JJ 34701 128 28 inch inch NN 34701 128 29 above above IN 34701 128 30 a a DT 34701 128 31 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 128 32 , , , 34701 128 33 but but CC 34701 128 34 in in IN 34701 128 35 actual actual JJ 34701 128 36 practice practice NN 34701 128 37 it -PRON- PRP 34701 128 38 is be VBZ 34701 128 39 about about RB 34701 128 40 2 2 CD 34701 128 41 pounds pound NNS 34701 128 42 above above IN 34701 128 43 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34701 128 44 pressure pressure NN 34701 128 45 , , , 34701 128 46 or or CC 34701 128 47 17 17 CD 34701 128 48 pounds pound NNS 34701 128 49 absolute absolute JJ 34701 128 50 , , , 34701 128 51 due due IN 34701 128 52 to to IN 34701 128 53 the the DT 34701 128 54 resistance resistance NN 34701 128 55 of of IN 34701 128 56 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 128 57 ports port NNS 34701 128 58 and and CC 34701 128 59 connecting connect VBG 34701 128 60 pipes pipe NNS 34701 128 61 . . . 34701 129 1 In in IN 34701 129 2 the the DT 34701 129 3 case case NN 34701 129 4 of of IN 34701 129 5 a a DT 34701 129 6 condensing condensing NN 34701 129 7 engine engine NN 34701 129 8 ( ( -LRB- 34701 129 9 one one CD 34701 129 10 exhausting exhaust VBG 34701 129 11 into into IN 34701 129 12 a a DT 34701 129 13 condenser condenser NN 34701 129 14 ) ) -RRB- 34701 129 15 the the DT 34701 129 16 back back JJ 34701 129 17 pressure pressure NN 34701 129 18 depends depend VBZ 34701 129 19 upon upon IN 34701 129 20 the the DT 34701 129 21 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 129 22 of of IN 34701 129 23 the the DT 34701 129 24 condenser condenser NN 34701 129 25 , , , 34701 129 26 averaging average VBG 34701 129 27 about about IN 34701 129 28 3 3 CD 34701 129 29 pounds pound NNS 34701 129 30 absolute absolute JJ 34701 129 31 pressure pressure NN 34701 129 32 in in IN 34701 129 33 the the DT 34701 129 34 best good JJS 34701 129 35 practice practice NN 34701 129 36 . . . 34701 130 1 _ _ NNP 34701 130 2 Effective Effective NNP 34701 130 3 Pressure._--This Pressure._--This NNP 34701 130 4 is be VBZ 34701 130 5 the the DT 34701 130 6 difference difference NN 34701 130 7 between between IN 34701 130 8 the the DT 34701 130 9 pressure pressure NN 34701 130 10 on on IN 34701 130 11 the the DT 34701 130 12 steam steam NN 34701 130 13 side side NN 34701 130 14 of of IN 34701 130 15 the the DT 34701 130 16 piston piston NN 34701 130 17 and and CC 34701 130 18 that that IN 34701 130 19 on on IN 34701 130 20 the the DT 34701 130 21 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 130 22 side side NN 34701 130 23 , , , 34701 130 24 or or CC 34701 130 25 in in IN 34701 130 26 other other JJ 34701 130 27 words word NNS 34701 130 28 , , , 34701 130 29 the the DT 34701 130 30 difference difference NN 34701 130 31 between between IN 34701 130 32 the the DT 34701 130 33 working work VBG 34701 130 34 pressure pressure NN 34701 130 35 and and CC 34701 130 36 the the DT 34701 130 37 back back JJ 34701 130 38 pressure pressure NN 34701 130 39 . . . 34701 131 1 This this DT 34701 131 2 value value NN 34701 131 3 varies vary VBZ 34701 131 4 throughout throughout IN 34701 131 5 the the DT 34701 131 6 stroke stroke NN 34701 131 7 with with IN 34701 131 8 the the DT 34701 131 9 expansion expansion NN 34701 131 10 of of IN 34701 131 11 the the DT 34701 131 12 steam steam NN 34701 131 13 . . . 34701 132 1 _ _ NNP 34701 132 2 Mean Mean NNP 34701 132 3 Effective effective JJ 34701 132 4 Pressure._--It pressure._--it NN 34701 132 5 has have VBZ 34701 132 6 just just RB 34701 132 7 been be VBN 34701 132 8 stated state VBN 34701 132 9 that that IN 34701 132 10 the the DT 34701 132 11 effective effective JJ 34701 132 12 pressure pressure NN 34701 132 13 varies vary VBZ 34701 132 14 throughout throughout IN 34701 132 15 the the DT 34701 132 16 stroke stroke NN 34701 132 17 . . . 34701 133 1 The the DT 34701 133 2 mean mean NN 34701 133 3 effective effective JJ 34701 133 4 pressure pressure NN 34701 133 5 ( ( -LRB- 34701 133 6 M. M. NNP 34701 133 7 E. E. NNP 34701 133 8 P. P. NNP 34701 133 9 ) ) -RRB- 34701 133 10 is be VBZ 34701 133 11 the the DT 34701 133 12 average average NN 34701 133 13 of of IN 34701 133 14 all all PDT 34701 133 15 the the DT 34701 133 16 effective effective JJ 34701 133 17 pressures pressure NNS 34701 133 18 , , , 34701 133 19 and and CC 34701 133 20 this this DT 34701 133 21 average average NN 34701 133 22 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 133 23 by by IN 34701 133 24 the the DT 34701 133 25 length length NN 34701 133 26 of of IN 34701 133 27 stroke stroke NN 34701 133 28 , , , 34701 133 29 gives give VBZ 34701 133 30 the the DT 34701 133 31 work work NN 34701 133 32 done do VBN 34701 133 33 per per IN 34701 133 34 stroke stroke NN 34701 133 35 . . . 34701 134 1 _ _ NNP 34701 134 2 Line Line NNP 34701 134 3 of of IN 34701 134 4 Absolute Absolute NNP 34701 134 5 Vacuum._--In vacuum._--in NN 34701 134 6 the the DT 34701 134 7 diagram diagram NN 34701 134 8 shown show VBN 34701 134 9 in in IN 34701 134 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 134 11 . . . 34701 135 1 6 6 CD 34701 135 2 , , , 34701 135 3 the the DT 34701 135 4 line line NN 34701 135 5 _ _ NNP 34701 135 6 OX OX NNP 34701 135 7 _ _ NNP 34701 135 8 is be VBZ 34701 135 9 the the DT 34701 135 10 line line NN 34701 135 11 of of IN 34701 135 12 absolute absolute JJ 34701 135 13 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 135 14 ; ; : 34701 135 15 that that RB 34701 135 16 is is RB 34701 135 17 , , , 34701 135 18 it -PRON- PRP 34701 135 19 is be VBZ 34701 135 20 assumed assume VBN 34701 135 21 that that IN 34701 135 22 there there EX 34701 135 23 is be VBZ 34701 135 24 no no DT 34701 135 25 pressure pressure NN 34701 135 26 on on IN 34701 135 27 the the DT 34701 135 28 exhaust exhaust JJ 34701 135 29 side side NN 34701 135 30 of of IN 34701 135 31 the the DT 34701 135 32 piston piston NN 34701 135 33 . . . 34701 136 1 In in IN 34701 136 2 other other JJ 34701 136 3 words word NNS 34701 136 4 , , , 34701 136 5 the the DT 34701 136 6 engine engine NN 34701 136 7 is be VBZ 34701 136 8 exhausting exhaust VBG 34701 136 9 into into IN 34701 136 10 a a DT 34701 136 11 perfect perfect JJ 34701 136 12 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 136 13 . . . 34701 137 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 137 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 137 3 : : : 34701 137 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 137 5 . . . 34701 138 1 7 7 LS 34701 138 2 . . . 34701 139 1 Constructing construct VBG 34701 139 2 a a DT 34701 139 3 Steam Steam NNP 34701 139 4 Engine Engine NNP 34701 139 5 Work Work NNP 34701 139 6 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 139 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 139 8 _ _ NNP 34701 139 9 Atmospheric Atmospheric NNP 34701 139 10 Line._--This Line._--This NNP 34701 139 11 is be VBZ 34701 139 12 a a DT 34701 139 13 line line NN 34701 139 14 drawn draw VBN 34701 139 15 parallel parallel RB 34701 139 16 to to IN 34701 139 17 the the DT 34701 139 18 line line NN 34701 139 19 of of IN 34701 139 20 absolute absolute JJ 34701 139 21 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 139 22 at at IN 34701 139 23 such such PDT 34701 139 24 a a DT 34701 139 25 distance distance NN 34701 139 26 above above IN 34701 139 27 it -PRON- PRP 34701 139 28 as as IN 34701 139 29 to to TO 34701 139 30 represent represent VB 34701 139 31 14.7 14.7 CD 34701 139 32 pounds pound NNS 34701 139 33 pressure pressure NN 34701 139 34 per per IN 34701 139 35 square square JJ 34701 139 36 inch inch NN 34701 139 37 , , , 34701 139 38 according accord VBG 34701 139 39 to to IN 34701 139 40 the the DT 34701 139 41 scale scale NN 34701 139 42 used use VBN 34701 139 43 . . . 34701 140 1 Construction construction NN 34701 140 2 of of IN 34701 140 3 Ideal Ideal NNP 34701 140 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 140 5 One one CD 34701 140 6 of of IN 34701 140 7 the the DT 34701 140 8 first first JJ 34701 140 9 steps step NNS 34701 140 10 in in IN 34701 140 11 the the DT 34701 140 12 design design NN 34701 140 13 of of IN 34701 140 14 a a DT 34701 140 15 steam steam NN 34701 140 16 engine engine NN 34701 140 17 is be VBZ 34701 140 18 the the DT 34701 140 19 construction construction NN 34701 140 20 of of IN 34701 140 21 an an DT 34701 140 22 ideal ideal JJ 34701 140 23 diagram diagram NN 34701 140 24 , , , 34701 140 25 and and CC 34701 140 26 the the DT 34701 140 27 engine engine NN 34701 140 28 is be VBZ 34701 140 29 planned plan VBN 34701 140 30 to to TO 34701 140 31 produce produce VB 34701 140 32 this this DT 34701 140 33 as as RB 34701 140 34 nearly nearly RB 34701 140 35 as as IN 34701 140 36 possible possible JJ 34701 140 37 when when WRB 34701 140 38 in in IN 34701 140 39 operation operation NN 34701 140 40 . . . 34701 141 1 First first RB 34701 141 2 assume assume VB 34701 141 3 the the DT 34701 141 4 initial initial JJ 34701 141 5 pressure pressure NN 34701 141 6 , , , 34701 141 7 the the DT 34701 141 8 ratio ratio NN 34701 141 9 of of IN 34701 141 10 expansion expansion NN 34701 141 11 , , , 34701 141 12 and and CC 34701 141 13 the the DT 34701 141 14 percentage percentage NN 34701 141 15 of of IN 34701 141 16 clearance clearance NN 34701 141 17 , , , 34701 141 18 for for IN 34701 141 19 the the DT 34701 141 20 type type NN 34701 141 21 of of IN 34701 141 22 engine engine NN 34701 141 23 under under IN 34701 141 24 consideration consideration NN 34701 141 25 . . . 34701 142 1 Draw draw NN 34701 142 2 lines line NNS 34701 142 3 _ _ NNP 34701 142 4 OX OX NNP 34701 142 5 _ _ NNP 34701 142 6 and and CC 34701 142 7 _ _ NNP 34701 142 8 OY OY NNP 34701 142 9 _ _ NNP 34701 142 10 at at IN 34701 142 11 right right JJ 34701 142 12 angles angle NNS 34701 142 13 as as IN 34701 142 14 in in IN 34701 142 15 Fig Fig NNP 34701 142 16 . . . 34701 143 1 7 7 LS 34701 143 2 . . . 34701 144 1 Make make VB 34701 144 2 _ _ NNP 34701 144 3 OR or CC 34701 144 4 _ _ NNP 34701 144 5 the the DT 34701 144 6 same same JJ 34701 144 7 percentage percentage NN 34701 144 8 of of IN 34701 144 9 the the DT 34701 144 10 stroke stroke NN 34701 144 11 that that WDT 34701 144 12 the the DT 34701 144 13 clearance clearance NN 34701 144 14 is be VBZ 34701 144 15 of of IN 34701 144 16 the the DT 34701 144 17 piston piston NN 34701 144 18 displacement displacement NN 34701 144 19 ; ; : 34701 144 20 make make VBP 34701 144 21 _ _ NNP 34701 144 22 RX RX NNP 34701 144 23 _ _ NNP 34701 144 24 equal equal JJ 34701 144 25 to to IN 34701 144 26 the the DT 34701 144 27 length length NN 34701 144 28 of of IN 34701 144 29 the the DT 34701 144 30 stroke stroke NN 34701 144 31 ( ( -LRB- 34701 144 32 on on IN 34701 144 33 a a DT 34701 144 34 reduced reduce VBN 34701 144 35 scale scale NN 34701 144 36 ) ) -RRB- 34701 144 37 . . . 34701 145 1 Erect erect VB 34701 145 2 the the DT 34701 145 3 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34701 145 4 _ _ NNP 34701 145 5 RA RA NNP 34701 145 6 _ _ NNP 34701 145 7 of of IN 34701 145 8 such such PDT 34701 145 9 a a DT 34701 145 10 height height NN 34701 145 11 that that IN 34701 145 12 it -PRON- PRP 34701 145 13 shall shall MD 34701 145 14 represent represent VB 34701 145 15 , , , 34701 145 16 to to TO 34701 145 17 scale scale VB 34701 145 18 , , , 34701 145 19 an an DT 34701 145 20 absolute absolute JJ 34701 145 21 pressure pressure NN 34701 145 22 per per IN 34701 145 23 square square JJ 34701 145 24 inch inch NN 34701 145 25 equal equal JJ 34701 145 26 to to IN 34701 145 27 0.95 0.95 CD 34701 145 28 of of IN 34701 145 29 the the DT 34701 145 30 boiler boiler NN 34701 145 31 pressure pressure NN 34701 145 32 . . . 34701 146 1 Draw draw VB 34701 146 2 in in IN 34701 146 3 the the DT 34701 146 4 dotted dotted JJ 34701 146 5 lines line NNS 34701 146 6 _ _ NNP 34701 146 7 AK AK NNP 34701 146 8 _ _ NNP 34701 146 9 and and CC 34701 146 10 _ _ NNP 34701 146 11 KX KX NNP 34701 146 12 _ _ NNP 34701 146 13 , , , 34701 146 14 and and CC 34701 146 15 the the DT 34701 146 16 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34701 146 17 line line NN 34701 146 18 _ _ NNP 34701 146 19 LH LH NNP 34701 146 20 _ _ NNP 34701 146 21 at at IN 34701 146 22 a a DT 34701 146 23 height height NN 34701 146 24 above above IN 34701 146 25 _ _ NNP 34701 146 26 OX OX NNP 34701 146 27 _ _ NNP 34701 146 28 to to TO 34701 146 29 represent represent VB 34701 146 30 14.7 14.7 CD 34701 146 31 pounds pound NNS 34701 146 32 per per IN 34701 146 33 square square JJ 34701 146 34 inch inch NN 34701 146 35 . . . 34701 147 1 Locate locate VB 34701 147 2 the the DT 34701 147 3 point point NN 34701 147 4 of of IN 34701 147 5 cut cut NN 34701 147 6 - - HYPH 34701 147 7 off off RP 34701 147 8 , , , 34701 147 9 _ _ NNP 34701 147 10 B B NNP 34701 147 11 _ _ NNP 34701 147 12 , , , 34701 147 13 according accord VBG 34701 147 14 to to IN 34701 147 15 the the DT 34701 147 16 assumed assumed JJ 34701 147 17 ratio ratio NN 34701 147 18 of of IN 34701 147 19 expansion expansion NN 34701 147 20 . . . 34701 148 1 Points point NNS 34701 148 2 on on IN 34701 148 3 the the DT 34701 148 4 expansion expansion NN 34701 148 5 curve curve NN 34701 148 6 _ _ NNP 34701 148 7 BC BC NNP 34701 148 8 _ _ NNP 34701 148 9 are be VBP 34701 148 10 found find VBN 34701 148 11 as as IN 34701 148 12 follows follow VBZ 34701 148 13 : : : 34701 148 14 Divide divide VB 34701 148 15 the the DT 34701 148 16 distance distance NN 34701 148 17 _ _ NNP 34701 148 18 BK BK NNP 34701 148 19 _ _ NNP 34701 148 20 into into IN 34701 148 21 any any DT 34701 148 22 number number NN 34701 148 23 of of IN 34701 148 24 equal equal JJ 34701 148 25 spaces space NNS 34701 148 26 , , , 34701 148 27 as as IN 34701 148 28 shown show VBN 34701 148 29 by by IN 34701 148 30 _ _ NNP 34701 148 31 a a DT 34701 148 32 _ _ NNP 34701 148 33 , , , 34701 148 34 _ _ NNP 34701 148 35 b b NNP 34701 148 36 _ _ NNP 34701 148 37 , , , 34701 148 38 _ _ NNP 34701 148 39 c c NNP 34701 148 40 _ _ NNP 34701 148 41 , , , 34701 148 42 _ _ NNP 34701 148 43 d d NNP 34701 148 44 _ _ NNP 34701 148 45 , , , 34701 148 46 etc etc FW 34701 148 47 . . FW 34701 148 48 , , , 34701 148 49 and and CC 34701 148 50 connect connect VB 34701 148 51 them -PRON- PRP 34701 148 52 with with IN 34701 148 53 the the DT 34701 148 54 point point NN 34701 148 55 _ _ NNP 34701 148 56 O O NNP 34701 148 57 _ _ NNP 34701 148 58 . . . 34701 149 1 Through through IN 34701 149 2 the the DT 34701 149 3 points point NNS 34701 149 4 of of IN 34701 149 5 intersection intersection NN 34701 149 6 with with IN 34701 149 7 _ _ NNP 34701 149 8 BP BP NNP 34701 149 9 _ _ NNP 34701 149 10 , , , 34701 149 11 as as IN 34701 149 12 _ _ NNP 34701 149 13 a a DT 34701 149 14 ´ ´ CD 34701 149 15 _ _ NNP 34701 149 16 , , , 34701 149 17 _ _ NNP 34701 149 18 b b NNP 34701 149 19 ´ ´ CD 34701 149 20 _ _ NNP 34701 149 21 , , , 34701 149 22 _ _ NNP 34701 149 23 c c NNP 34701 149 24 ´ ´ CD 34701 149 25 _ _ NNP 34701 149 26 , , , 34701 149 27 _ _ NNP 34701 149 28 d d NNP 34701 149 29 ´ ´ CD 34701 149 30 _ _ NNP 34701 149 31 , , , 34701 149 32 etc etc FW 34701 149 33 . . FW 34701 149 34 , , , 34701 149 35 draw draw VB 34701 149 36 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 149 37 lines line NNS 34701 149 38 , , , 34701 149 39 and and CC 34701 149 40 through through IN 34701 149 41 _ _ NNP 34701 149 42 a a DT 34701 149 43 _ _ NNP 34701 149 44 , , , 34701 149 45 _ _ NNP 34701 149 46 b b NNP 34701 149 47 _ _ NNP 34701 149 48 , , , 34701 149 49 _ _ NNP 34701 149 50 c c NNP 34701 149 51 _ _ NNP 34701 149 52 , , , 34701 149 53 _ _ NNP 34701 149 54 d d NNP 34701 149 55 _ _ NNP 34701 149 56 , , , 34701 149 57 etc etc FW 34701 149 58 . . FW 34701 149 59 , , , 34701 149 60 draw draw VB 34701 149 61 vertical vertical JJ 34701 149 62 lines line NNS 34701 149 63 . . . 34701 150 1 The the DT 34701 150 2 intersection intersection NN 34701 150 3 of of IN 34701 150 4 corresponding correspond VBG 34701 150 5 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 150 6 and and CC 34701 150 7 vertical vertical JJ 34701 150 8 lines line NNS 34701 150 9 will will MD 34701 150 10 be be VB 34701 150 11 points point NNS 34701 150 12 on on IN 34701 150 13 the the DT 34701 150 14 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 150 15 expansion expansion NN 34701 150 16 line line NN 34701 150 17 . . . 34701 151 1 If if IN 34701 151 2 the the DT 34701 151 3 engine engine NN 34701 151 4 is be VBZ 34701 151 5 to to TO 34701 151 6 be be VB 34701 151 7 non non JJ 34701 151 8 - - JJ 34701 151 9 condensing condensing JJ 34701 151 10 , , , 34701 151 11 the the DT 34701 151 12 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 151 13 work work NN 34701 151 14 , , , 34701 151 15 or or CC 34701 151 16 indicator indicator NN 34701 151 17 diagram diagram NN 34701 151 18 , , , 34701 151 19 as as IN 34701 151 20 it -PRON- PRP 34701 151 21 is be VBZ 34701 151 22 called call VBN 34701 151 23 , , , 34701 151 24 will will MD 34701 151 25 be be VB 34701 151 26 bounded bound VBN 34701 151 27 by by IN 34701 151 28 the the DT 34701 151 29 lines line NNS 34701 151 30 _ _ NNP 34701 151 31 ABCHG ABCHG NNP 34701 151 32 _ _ NNP 34701 151 33 . . . 34701 152 1 The the DT 34701 152 2 actual actual JJ 34701 152 3 diagram diagram NN 34701 152 4 will will MD 34701 152 5 vary vary VB 34701 152 6 somewhat somewhat RB 34701 152 7 from from IN 34701 152 8 the the DT 34701 152 9 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 152 10 , , , 34701 152 11 as as IN 34701 152 12 shown show VBN 34701 152 13 by by IN 34701 152 14 the the DT 34701 152 15 shaded shaded JJ 34701 152 16 lines line NNS 34701 152 17 . . . 34701 153 1 The the DT 34701 153 2 admission admission NN 34701 153 3 line line NN 34701 153 4 between between IN 34701 153 5 _ _ NNP 34701 153 6 A A NNP 34701 153 7 _ _ NNP 34701 153 8 and and CC 34701 153 9 _ _ NNP 34701 153 10 B B NNP 34701 153 11 _ _ NNP 34701 153 12 will will MD 34701 153 13 slant slant VB 34701 153 14 downward downward RB 34701 153 15 slightly slightly RB 34701 153 16 , , , 34701 153 17 and and CC 34701 153 18 the the DT 34701 153 19 point point NN 34701 153 20 of of IN 34701 153 21 cut cut NN 34701 153 22 - - HYPH 34701 153 23 off off NN 34701 153 24 will will MD 34701 153 25 be be VB 34701 153 26 rounded round VBN 34701 153 27 , , , 34701 153 28 owing owe VBG 34701 153 29 to to IN 34701 153 30 the the DT 34701 153 31 slow slow JJ 34701 153 32 closing closing NN 34701 153 33 of of IN 34701 153 34 the the DT 34701 153 35 valve valve NN 34701 153 36 . . . 34701 154 1 The the DT 34701 154 2 first first JJ 34701 154 3 half half NN 34701 154 4 of of IN 34701 154 5 the the DT 34701 154 6 expansion expansion NN 34701 154 7 line line NN 34701 154 8 will will MD 34701 154 9 fall fall VB 34701 154 10 below below IN 34701 154 11 the the DT 34701 154 12 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 154 13 , , , 34701 154 14 owing owe VBG 34701 154 15 to to IN 34701 154 16 a a DT 34701 154 17 drop drop NN 34701 154 18 in in IN 34701 154 19 pressure pressure NN 34701 154 20 caused cause VBN 34701 154 21 by by IN 34701 154 22 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 154 23 condensation condensation NN 34701 154 24 , , , 34701 154 25 but but CC 34701 154 26 the the DT 34701 154 27 actual actual JJ 34701 154 28 line line NN 34701 154 29 will will MD 34701 154 30 rise rise VB 34701 154 31 above above IN 34701 154 32 the the DT 34701 154 33 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 154 34 in in IN 34701 154 35 the the DT 34701 154 36 latter latter JJ 34701 154 37 part part NN 34701 154 38 of of IN 34701 154 39 the the DT 34701 154 40 stroke stroke NN 34701 154 41 on on IN 34701 154 42 account account NN 34701 154 43 of of IN 34701 154 44 re re NN 34701 154 45 - - NN 34701 154 46 evaporation evaporation NN 34701 154 47 , , , 34701 154 48 due due IN 34701 154 49 to to IN 34701 154 50 heat heat NN 34701 154 51 given give VBN 34701 154 52 out out RP 34701 154 53 by by IN 34701 154 54 the the DT 34701 154 55 hot hot JJ 34701 154 56 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 154 57 walls wall NNS 34701 154 58 to to IN 34701 154 59 the the DT 34701 154 60 low low JJ 34701 154 61 - - HYPH 34701 154 62 pressure pressure NN 34701 154 63 steam steam NN 34701 154 64 . . . 34701 155 1 Instead instead RB 34701 155 2 of of IN 34701 155 3 the the DT 34701 155 4 pressure pressure NN 34701 155 5 dropping drop VBG 34701 155 6 abruptly abruptly RB 34701 155 7 at at IN 34701 155 8 _ _ NNP 34701 155 9 C C NNP 34701 155 10 _ _ NNP 34701 155 11 , , , 34701 155 12 release release NN 34701 155 13 takes take VBZ 34701 155 14 place place NN 34701 155 15 just just RB 34701 155 16 before before IN 34701 155 17 the the DT 34701 155 18 end end NN 34701 155 19 of of IN 34701 155 20 the the DT 34701 155 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 155 22 , , , 34701 155 23 and and CC 34701 155 24 the the DT 34701 155 25 diagram diagram NN 34701 155 26 is be VBZ 34701 155 27 rounded round VBN 34701 155 28 at at IN 34701 155 29 _ _ NNP 34701 155 30 CF CF NNP 34701 155 31 _ _ NNP 34701 155 32 instead instead RB 34701 155 33 of of IN 34701 155 34 having have VBG 34701 155 35 sharp sharp JJ 34701 155 36 corners corner NNS 34701 155 37 . . . 34701 156 1 The the DT 34701 156 2 back back JJ 34701 156 3 pressure pressure NN 34701 156 4 line line NN 34701 156 5 _ _ NNP 34701 156 6 FD FD NNP 34701 156 7 _ _ NNP 34701 156 8 is be VBZ 34701 156 9 drawn draw VBN 34701 156 10 slightly slightly RB 34701 156 11 above above IN 34701 156 12 the the DT 34701 156 13 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34701 156 14 line line NN 34701 156 15 , , , 34701 156 16 a a DT 34701 156 17 distance distance NN 34701 156 18 to to TO 34701 156 19 represent represent VB 34701 156 20 about about RB 34701 156 21 2 2 CD 34701 156 22 pounds pound NNS 34701 156 23 per per IN 34701 156 24 square square JJ 34701 156 25 inch inch NN 34701 156 26 . . . 34701 157 1 At at IN 34701 157 2 _ _ NNP 34701 157 3 D D NNP 34701 157 4 _ _ NNP 34701 157 5 the the DT 34701 157 6 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 157 7 valve valve NN 34701 157 8 closes close NNS 34701 157 9 and and CC 34701 157 10 compression compression NN 34701 157 11 begins begin VBZ 34701 157 12 , , , 34701 157 13 rounding round VBG 34701 157 14 the the DT 34701 157 15 bottom bottom NN 34701 157 16 of of IN 34701 157 17 the the DT 34701 157 18 diagram diagram NN 34701 157 19 up up RP 34701 157 20 to to IN 34701 157 21 _ _ NNP 34701 157 22 E E NNP 34701 157 23 _ _ NNP 34701 157 24 . . . 34701 158 1 The the DT 34701 158 2 area area NN 34701 158 3 of of IN 34701 158 4 the the DT 34701 158 5 actual actual JJ 34701 158 6 diagram diagram NN 34701 158 7 , , , 34701 158 8 as as IN 34701 158 9 shown show VBN 34701 158 10 by by IN 34701 158 11 the the DT 34701 158 12 shaded shaded JJ 34701 158 13 lines line NNS 34701 158 14 in in IN 34701 158 15 Fig Fig NNP 34701 158 16 . . . 34701 159 1 7 7 LS 34701 159 2 , , , 34701 159 3 will will MD 34701 159 4 be be VB 34701 159 5 smaller small JJR 34701 159 6 than than IN 34701 159 7 the the DT 34701 159 8 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 159 9 , , , 34701 159 10 in in IN 34701 159 11 about about IN 34701 159 12 the the DT 34701 159 13 following following JJ 34701 159 14 ratio ratio NN 34701 159 15 : : : 34701 159 16 Large large JJ 34701 159 17 medium medium JJ 34701 159 18 - - HYPH 34701 159 19 speed speed NN 34701 159 20 engines engine NNS 34701 159 21 , , , 34701 159 22 0.90 0.90 CD 34701 159 23 of of IN 34701 159 24 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 159 25 area area NN 34701 159 26 . . . 34701 160 1 Small small JJ 34701 160 2 medium medium JJ 34701 160 3 - - HYPH 34701 160 4 speed speed NN 34701 160 5 engines engine NNS 34701 160 6 , , , 34701 160 7 0.85 0.85 CD 34701 160 8 of of IN 34701 160 9 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 160 10 area area NN 34701 160 11 . . . 34701 161 1 High high JJ 34701 161 2 - - HYPH 34701 161 3 speed speed NN 34701 161 4 engines engine NNS 34701 161 5 , , , 34701 161 6 0.75 0.75 CD 34701 161 7 of of IN 34701 161 8 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 161 9 area area NN 34701 161 10 . . . 34701 162 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34701 162 2 II II NNP 34701 162 3 RATING RATING NNP 34701 162 4 AND and CC 34701 162 5 GENERAL GENERAL NNP 34701 162 6 PROPORTIONS proportions RB 34701 162 7 OF of IN 34701 162 8 STEAM STEAM NNS 34701 162 9 ENGINES engines VBP 34701 162 10 The the DT 34701 162 11 capacity capacity NN 34701 162 12 or or CC 34701 162 13 power power NN 34701 162 14 of of IN 34701 162 15 a a DT 34701 162 16 steam steam NN 34701 162 17 engine engine NN 34701 162 18 is be VBZ 34701 162 19 rated rate VBN 34701 162 20 in in IN 34701 162 21 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 162 22 , , , 34701 162 23 one one CD 34701 162 24 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 162 25 ( ( -LRB- 34701 162 26 H. H. NNP 34701 162 27 P. P. NNP 34701 162 28 ) ) -RRB- 34701 162 29 being be VBG 34701 162 30 the the DT 34701 162 31 equivalent equivalent NN 34701 162 32 of of IN 34701 162 33 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 162 34 foot foot NN 34701 162 35 - - HYPH 34701 162 36 pounds pound NNS 34701 162 37 of of IN 34701 162 38 work work NN 34701 162 39 done do VBN 34701 162 40 per per IN 34701 162 41 minute minute NN 34701 162 42 . . . 34701 163 1 The the DT 34701 163 2 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 163 3 of of IN 34701 163 4 a a DT 34701 163 5 given give VBN 34701 163 6 engine engine NN 34701 163 7 may may MD 34701 163 8 be be VB 34701 163 9 computed compute VBN 34701 163 10 by by IN 34701 163 11 the the DT 34701 163 12 formula formula NN 34701 163 13 : : : 34701 163 14 _ _ NNP 34701 163 15 APLN APLN NNP 34701 163 16 _ _ NNP 34701 163 17 H. H. NNP 34701 163 18 P. P. NNP 34701 163 19 = = SYM 34701 163 20 ------ ------ NFP 34701 163 21 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 163 22 in in IN 34701 163 23 which which WDT 34701 163 24 _ _ NNP 34701 163 25 A A NNP 34701 163 26 _ _ NNP 34701 163 27 = = SYM 34701 163 28 area area NN 34701 163 29 of of IN 34701 163 30 piston piston NNP 34701 163 31 , , , 34701 163 32 in in IN 34701 163 33 square square JJ 34701 163 34 inches inch NNS 34701 163 35 , , , 34701 163 36 _ _ NNP 34701 163 37 P P NNP 34701 163 38 _ _ NNP 34701 163 39 = = SYM 34701 163 40 mean mean VB 34701 163 41 effective effective JJ 34701 163 42 pressure pressure NN 34701 163 43 per per IN 34701 163 44 square square JJ 34701 163 45 inch inch NN 34701 163 46 , , , 34701 163 47 _ _ NNP 34701 163 48 L L NNP 34701 163 49 _ _ NNP 34701 163 50 = = SYM 34701 163 51 length length NN 34701 163 52 of of IN 34701 163 53 stroke stroke NN 34701 163 54 , , , 34701 163 55 in in IN 34701 163 56 feet foot NNS 34701 163 57 , , , 34701 163 58 _ _ NNP 34701 163 59 N N NNP 34701 163 60 _ _ NNP 34701 163 61 = = SYM 34701 163 62 number number NN 34701 163 63 of of IN 34701 163 64 strokes stroke NNS 34701 163 65 per per IN 34701 163 66 minute minute NN 34701 163 67 = = SYM 34701 163 68 number number NN 34701 163 69 of of IN 34701 163 70 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 163 71 × × NN 34701 163 72 2 2 CD 34701 163 73 . . . 34701 164 1 The the DT 34701 164 2 derivation derivation NN 34701 164 3 of of IN 34701 164 4 the the DT 34701 164 5 above above JJ 34701 164 6 formula formula NN 34701 164 7 is be VBZ 34701 164 8 easily easily RB 34701 164 9 explained explain VBN 34701 164 10 , , , 34701 164 11 as as IN 34701 164 12 follows follow VBZ 34701 164 13 : : : 34701 164 14 The the DT 34701 164 15 area area NN 34701 164 16 of of IN 34701 164 17 the the DT 34701 164 18 piston piston NN 34701 164 19 , , , 34701 164 20 in in IN 34701 164 21 square square JJ 34701 164 22 inches inch NNS 34701 164 23 , , , 34701 164 24 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 164 25 by by IN 34701 164 26 the the DT 34701 164 27 mean mean NNP 34701 164 28 effective effective JJ 34701 164 29 pressure pressure NN 34701 164 30 , , , 34701 164 31 in in IN 34701 164 32 pounds pound NNS 34701 164 33 per per IN 34701 164 34 square square JJ 34701 164 35 inch inch NN 34701 164 36 , , , 34701 164 37 gives give VBZ 34701 164 38 the the DT 34701 164 39 total total JJ 34701 164 40 force force NN 34701 164 41 acting act VBG 34701 164 42 on on IN 34701 164 43 the the DT 34701 164 44 piston piston NN 34701 164 45 , , , 34701 164 46 in in IN 34701 164 47 pounds pound NNS 34701 164 48 . . . 34701 165 1 The the DT 34701 165 2 length length NN 34701 165 3 of of IN 34701 165 4 stroke stroke NN 34701 165 5 , , , 34701 165 6 in in IN 34701 165 7 feet foot NNS 34701 165 8 , , , 34701 165 9 times time NNS 34701 165 10 the the DT 34701 165 11 number number NN 34701 165 12 of of IN 34701 165 13 strokes stroke NNS 34701 165 14 per per IN 34701 165 15 minute minute NN 34701 165 16 gives give VBZ 34701 165 17 the the DT 34701 165 18 distance distance NN 34701 165 19 the the DT 34701 165 20 piston piston NN 34701 165 21 moves move VBZ 34701 165 22 through through RP 34701 165 23 , , , 34701 165 24 in in IN 34701 165 25 feet foot NNS 34701 165 26 per per IN 34701 165 27 minute minute NN 34701 165 28 . . . 34701 166 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 166 2 has have VBZ 34701 166 3 already already RB 34701 166 4 been be VBN 34701 166 5 shown show VBN 34701 166 6 that that IN 34701 166 7 the the DT 34701 166 8 pressure pressure NN 34701 166 9 in in IN 34701 166 10 pounds pound NNS 34701 166 11 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 166 12 by by IN 34701 166 13 the the DT 34701 166 14 distance distance NN 34701 166 15 moved move VBD 34701 166 16 through through RB 34701 166 17 in in IN 34701 166 18 feet foot NNS 34701 166 19 , , , 34701 166 20 gives give VBZ 34701 166 21 the the DT 34701 166 22 foot foot NN 34701 166 23 - - HYPH 34701 166 24 pounds pound NNS 34701 166 25 of of IN 34701 166 26 work work NN 34701 166 27 done do VBN 34701 166 28 . . . 34701 167 1 Hence hence RB 34701 167 2 , , , 34701 167 3 _ _ NNP 34701 167 4 A A NNP 34701 167 5 _ _ NNP 34701 167 6 × × NN 34701 167 7 _ _ NNP 34701 167 8 P P NNP 34701 167 9 _ _ NNP 34701 167 10 × × NN 34701 167 11 _ _ NNP 34701 167 12 L L NNP 34701 167 13 _ _ NNP 34701 167 14 × × NN 34701 167 15 _ _ NNP 34701 167 16 N N NNP 34701 167 17 _ _ NNP 34701 167 18 gives give VBZ 34701 167 19 the the DT 34701 167 20 foot foot NN 34701 167 21 - - HYPH 34701 167 22 pounds pound NNS 34701 167 23 of of IN 34701 167 24 work work NN 34701 167 25 done do VBN 34701 167 26 per per IN 34701 167 27 minute minute NN 34701 167 28 by by IN 34701 167 29 a a DT 34701 167 30 steam steam NN 34701 167 31 engine engine NN 34701 167 32 . . . 34701 168 1 If if IN 34701 168 2 one one CD 34701 168 3 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 168 4 is be VBZ 34701 168 5 represented represent VBN 34701 168 6 by by IN 34701 168 7 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 168 8 foot foot NN 34701 168 9 - - HYPH 34701 168 10 pounds pound NNS 34701 168 11 per per IN 34701 168 12 minute minute NN 34701 168 13 , , , 34701 168 14 the the DT 34701 168 15 power power NN 34701 168 16 or or CC 34701 168 17 rating rating NN 34701 168 18 of of IN 34701 168 19 the the DT 34701 168 20 engine engine NN 34701 168 21 will will MD 34701 168 22 be be VB 34701 168 23 obtained obtain VBN 34701 168 24 by by IN 34701 168 25 dividing divide VBG 34701 168 26 the the DT 34701 168 27 total total JJ 34701 168 28 foot foot NN 34701 168 29 - - HYPH 34701 168 30 pounds pound NNS 34701 168 31 of of IN 34701 168 32 work work NN 34701 168 33 done do VBN 34701 168 34 per per IN 34701 168 35 minute minute NN 34701 168 36 by by IN 34701 168 37 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 168 38 . . . 34701 169 1 For for IN 34701 169 2 ease ease NN 34701 169 3 in in IN 34701 169 4 remembering remember VBG 34701 169 5 the the DT 34701 169 6 formula formula NN 34701 169 7 given give VBN 34701 169 8 , , , 34701 169 9 it -PRON- PRP 34701 169 10 is be VBZ 34701 169 11 commonly commonly RB 34701 169 12 written write VBN 34701 169 13 _ _ NNP 34701 169 14 PLAN PLAN NNP 34701 169 15 _ _ NNP 34701 169 16 H. H. NNP 34701 169 17 P. P. NNP 34701 169 18 = = SYM 34701 169 19 ------ ------ : 34701 169 20 , , , 34701 169 21 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 169 22 in in IN 34701 169 23 which which WDT 34701 169 24 the the DT 34701 169 25 symbols symbol NNS 34701 169 26 in in IN 34701 169 27 the the DT 34701 169 28 numerator numerator NN 34701 169 29 of of IN 34701 169 30 the the DT 34701 169 31 second second JJ 34701 169 32 member member NN 34701 169 33 spell spell VBP 34701 169 34 the the DT 34701 169 35 word word NN 34701 169 36 " " `` 34701 169 37 Plan plan NN 34701 169 38 . . . 34701 169 39 " " '' 34701 170 1 _ _ NNP 34701 170 2 Example_:--Find example_:--find XX 34701 170 3 the the DT 34701 170 4 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 170 5 of of IN 34701 170 6 the the DT 34701 170 7 following follow VBG 34701 170 8 engine engine NN 34701 170 9 , , , 34701 170 10 working work VBG 34701 170 11 under under IN 34701 170 12 the the DT 34701 170 13 conditions condition NNS 34701 170 14 stated state VBN 34701 170 15 below below IN 34701 170 16 : : : 34701 170 17 Diameter diameter NN 34701 170 18 of of IN 34701 170 19 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 170 20 , , , 34701 170 21 12 12 CD 34701 170 22 inches inch NNS 34701 170 23 . . . 34701 171 1 Length length NN 34701 171 2 of of IN 34701 171 3 stroke stroke NN 34701 171 4 , , , 34701 171 5 18 18 CD 34701 171 6 inches inch NNS 34701 171 7 . . . 34701 172 1 Revolutions revolution NNS 34701 172 2 per per IN 34701 172 3 minute minute NN 34701 172 4 , , , 34701 172 5 300 300 CD 34701 172 6 . . . 34701 173 1 Mean mean VB 34701 173 2 effective effective JJ 34701 173 3 pressure pressure NN 34701 173 4 ( ( -LRB- 34701 173 5 M. M. NNP 34701 173 6 E. E. NNP 34701 173 7 P. P. NNP 34701 173 8 ) ) -RRB- 34701 173 9 , , , 34701 173 10 40 40 CD 34701 173 11 pounds pound NNS 34701 173 12 . . . 34701 174 1 In in IN 34701 174 2 this this DT 34701 174 3 problem problem NN 34701 174 4 , , , 34701 174 5 then then RB 34701 174 6 , , , 34701 174 7 _ _ NNP 34701 174 8 A A NNP 34701 174 9 _ _ NNP 34701 174 10 = = SYM 34701 174 11 113 113 CD 34701 174 12 square square JJ 34701 174 13 inches inch NNS 34701 174 14 ; ; : 34701 174 15 _ _ NNP 34701 174 16 P P NNP 34701 174 17 _ _ NNP 34701 174 18 = = SYM 34701 174 19 40 40 CD 34701 174 20 pounds pound NNS 34701 174 21 ; ; : 34701 174 22 _ _ NNP 34701 174 23 L L NNP 34701 174 24 _ _ NNP 34701 174 25 = = SYM 34701 174 26 1.5 1.5 CD 34701 174 27 feet foot NNS 34701 174 28 ; ; : 34701 174 29 and and CC 34701 174 30 _ _ NNP 34701 174 31 N N NNP 34701 174 32 _ _ NNP 34701 174 33 = = SYM 34701 174 34 600 600 CD 34701 174 35 strokes stroke NNS 34701 174 36 . . . 34701 175 1 Substituting substitute VBG 34701 175 2 in in IN 34701 175 3 the the DT 34701 175 4 formula formula NN 34701 175 5 , , , 34701 175 6 40 40 CD 34701 175 7 × × CD 34701 175 8 1.5 1.5 CD 34701 175 9 × × CD 34701 175 10 113 113 CD 34701 175 11 × × CD 34701 175 12 600 600 CD 34701 175 13 H. H. NNP 34701 175 14 P. P. NNP 34701 175 15 = = NN 34701 175 16 -------------------- -------------------- NFP 34701 175 17 = = SYM 34701 175 18 123 123 CD 34701 175 19 . . . 34701 176 1 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 176 2 The the DT 34701 176 3 mean mean NN 34701 176 4 effective effective JJ 34701 176 5 pressure pressure NN 34701 176 6 may may MD 34701 176 7 be be VB 34701 176 8 found find VBN 34701 176 9 , , , 34701 176 10 approximately approximately RB 34701 176 11 , , , 34701 176 12 for for IN 34701 176 13 different different JJ 34701 176 14 conditions condition NNS 34701 176 15 by by IN 34701 176 16 means mean NNS 34701 176 17 of of IN 34701 176 18 the the DT 34701 176 19 factors factor NNS 34701 176 20 in in IN 34701 176 21 the the DT 34701 176 22 following follow VBG 34701 176 23 table table NN 34701 176 24 of of IN 34701 176 25 ratios ratio NNS 34701 176 26 , , , 34701 176 27 covering cover VBG 34701 176 28 ordinary ordinary JJ 34701 176 29 practice practice NN 34701 176 30 . . . 34701 177 1 The the DT 34701 177 2 rule rule NN 34701 177 3 used use VBN 34701 177 4 is be VBZ 34701 177 5 as as IN 34701 177 6 follows follow VBZ 34701 177 7 : : : 34701 177 8 Multiply multiply VB 34701 177 9 the the DT 34701 177 10 absolute absolute JJ 34701 177 11 initial initial JJ 34701 177 12 pressure pressure NN 34701 177 13 by by IN 34701 177 14 the the DT 34701 177 15 factor factor NN 34701 177 16 corresponding correspond VBG 34701 177 17 to to IN 34701 177 18 the the DT 34701 177 19 clearance clearance NN 34701 177 20 and and CC 34701 177 21 cut cut NN 34701 177 22 - - HYPH 34701 177 23 off off RP 34701 177 24 as as IN 34701 177 25 found find VBN 34701 177 26 from from IN 34701 177 27 Table Table NNP 34701 177 28 II II NNP 34701 177 29 , , , 34701 177 30 and and CC 34701 177 31 subtract subtract VB 34701 177 32 the the DT 34701 177 33 absolute absolute JJ 34701 177 34 back back JJ 34701 177 35 pressure pressure NN 34701 177 36 from from IN 34701 177 37 the the DT 34701 177 38 result result NN 34701 177 39 , , , 34701 177 40 assuming assume VBG 34701 177 41 this this DT 34701 177 42 to to TO 34701 177 43 be be VB 34701 177 44 17 17 CD 34701 177 45 pounds pound NNS 34701 177 46 for for IN 34701 177 47 non non JJ 34701 177 48 - - JJ 34701 177 49 condensing condensing JJ 34701 177 50 engines engine NNS 34701 177 51 , , , 34701 177 52 and and CC 34701 177 53 3 3 CD 34701 177 54 pounds pound NNS 34701 177 55 for for IN 34701 177 56 condensing condense VBG 34701 177 57 . . . 34701 178 1 _ _ NNP 34701 178 2 Example Example NNP 34701 178 3 1_:--A 1_:--a IN 34701 178 4 non non JJ 34701 178 5 - - JJ 34701 178 6 condensing condensing JJ 34701 178 7 engine engine NN 34701 178 8 having have VBG 34701 178 9 3 3 CD 34701 178 10 per per NN 34701 178 11 cent cent NN 34701 178 12 clearance clearance NN 34701 178 13 , , , 34701 178 14 cuts cut VBZ 34701 178 15 off off RP 34701 178 16 at at IN 34701 178 17 1/3 1/3 CD 34701 178 18 stroke stroke NN 34701 178 19 ; ; : 34701 178 20 the the DT 34701 178 21 initial initial JJ 34701 178 22 pressure pressure NN 34701 178 23 is be VBZ 34701 178 24 90 90 CD 34701 178 25 pounds pound NNS 34701 178 26 gage gage NN 34701 178 27 . . . 34701 179 1 What what WP 34701 179 2 is be VBZ 34701 179 3 the the DT 34701 179 4 M. M. NNP 34701 179 5 E. E. NNP 34701 179 6 P. P. NNP 34701 179 7 ? ? . 34701 180 1 The the DT 34701 180 2 absolute absolute JJ 34701 180 3 initial initial JJ 34701 180 4 pressure pressure NN 34701 180 5 is be VBZ 34701 180 6 90 90 CD 34701 180 7 + + SYM 34701 180 8 15 15 CD 34701 180 9 = = SYM 34701 180 10 105 105 CD 34701 180 11 pounds pound NNS 34701 180 12 . . . 34701 181 1 The the DT 34701 181 2 factor factor NN 34701 181 3 for for IN 34701 181 4 3 3 CD 34701 181 5 per per NN 34701 181 6 cent cent NN 34701 181 7 clearance clearance NN 34701 181 8 and and CC 34701 181 9 1/3 1/3 DT 34701 181 10 cut cut NN 34701 181 11 - - HYPH 34701 181 12 off off RP 34701 181 13 , , , 34701 181 14 from from IN 34701 181 15 Table Table NNP 34701 181 16 II II NNP 34701 181 17 , , , 34701 181 18 is be VBZ 34701 181 19 0.71 0.71 CD 34701 181 20 . . . 34701 182 1 Applying apply VBG 34701 182 2 the the DT 34701 182 3 rule rule NN 34701 182 4 we -PRON- PRP 34701 182 5 have have VBP 34701 182 6 : : : 34701 182 7 ( ( -LRB- 34701 182 8 105 105 CD 34701 182 9 × × CD 34701 182 10 0.71 0.71 CD 34701 182 11 ) ) -RRB- 34701 182 12 - - : 34701 182 13 17 17 CD 34701 182 14 = = SYM 34701 182 15 57.5 57.5 CD 34701 182 16 pounds pound NNS 34701 182 17 per per IN 34701 182 18 square square JJ 34701 182 19 inch inch NN 34701 182 20 . . . 34701 183 1 _ _ NNP 34701 183 2 Example Example NNP 34701 183 3 2_:--A 2_:--a CD 34701 183 4 condensing condensing NN 34701 183 5 engine engine NN 34701 183 6 has have VBZ 34701 183 7 a a DT 34701 183 8 clearance clearance NN 34701 183 9 of of IN 34701 183 10 5 5 CD 34701 183 11 per per NN 34701 183 12 cent cent NN 34701 183 13 . . . 34701 184 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 184 2 is be VBZ 34701 184 3 supplied supply VBN 34701 184 4 with with IN 34701 184 5 steam steam NN 34701 184 6 at at IN 34701 184 7 140 140 CD 34701 184 8 pounds pound NNS 34701 184 9 gage gage NN 34701 184 10 pressure pressure NN 34701 184 11 , , , 34701 184 12 and and CC 34701 184 13 has have VBZ 34701 184 14 a a DT 34701 184 15 ratio ratio NN 34701 184 16 of of IN 34701 184 17 expansion expansion NN 34701 184 18 of of IN 34701 184 19 6 6 CD 34701 184 20 . . . 34701 185 1 What what WP 34701 185 2 is be VBZ 34701 185 3 the the DT 34701 185 4 M. M. NNP 34701 185 5 E. E. NNP 34701 185 6 P. P. NNP 34701 185 7 ? ? . 34701 186 1 The the DT 34701 186 2 absolute absolute JJ 34701 186 3 initial initial JJ 34701 186 4 pressure pressure NN 34701 186 5 is be VBZ 34701 186 6 140 140 CD 34701 186 7 + + SYM 34701 186 8 15 15 CD 34701 186 9 = = SYM 34701 186 10 155 155 CD 34701 186 11 . . . 34701 187 1 The the DT 34701 187 2 factor factor NN 34701 187 3 for for IN 34701 187 4 a a DT 34701 187 5 ratio ratio NN 34701 187 6 of of IN 34701 187 7 expansion expansion NN 34701 187 8 of of IN 34701 187 9 6 6 CD 34701 187 10 ( ( -LRB- 34701 187 11 1/6 1/6 DT 34701 187 12 cut cut VBN 34701 187 13 - - HYPH 34701 187 14 off off RP 34701 187 15 ) ) -RRB- 34701 187 16 and and CC 34701 187 17 5 5 CD 34701 187 18 per per NN 34701 187 19 cent cent NN 34701 187 20 clearance clearance NN 34701 187 21 is be VBZ 34701 187 22 0.5 0.5 CD 34701 187 23 , , , 34701 187 24 which which WDT 34701 187 25 gives give VBZ 34701 187 26 ( ( -LRB- 34701 187 27 155 155 CD 34701 187 28 × × CD 34701 187 29 0.5 0.5 CD 34701 187 30 ) ) -RRB- 34701 187 31 - - SYM 34701 187 32 3 3 CD 34701 187 33 = = SYM 34701 187 34 74.5 74.5 CD 34701 187 35 pounds pound NNS 34701 187 36 per per IN 34701 187 37 square square JJ 34701 187 38 inch inch NN 34701 187 39 . . . 34701 188 1 The the DT 34701 188 2 power power NN 34701 188 3 of of IN 34701 188 4 an an DT 34701 188 5 engine engine NN 34701 188 6 computed compute VBN 34701 188 7 by by IN 34701 188 8 the the DT 34701 188 9 method method NN 34701 188 10 just just RB 34701 188 11 explained explain VBD 34701 188 12 is be VBZ 34701 188 13 called call VBN 34701 188 14 the the DT 34701 188 15 indicated indicate VBN 34701 188 16 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 188 17 ( ( -LRB- 34701 188 18 I. I. NNP 34701 188 19 H. H. NNP 34701 188 20 P. P. NNP 34701 188 21 ) ) -RRB- 34701 188 22 , , , 34701 188 23 and and CC 34701 188 24 gives give VBZ 34701 188 25 the the DT 34701 188 26 total total JJ 34701 188 27 power power NN 34701 188 28 developed develop VBN 34701 188 29 , , , 34701 188 30 including include VBG 34701 188 31 that that DT 34701 188 32 required require VBN 34701 188 33 to to TO 34701 188 34 overcome overcome VB 34701 188 35 the the DT 34701 188 36 friction friction NN 34701 188 37 of of IN 34701 188 38 the the DT 34701 188 39 engine engine NN 34701 188 40 itself -PRON- PRP 34701 188 41 . . . 34701 189 1 The the DT 34701 189 2 delivered delivered JJ 34701 189 3 or or CC 34701 189 4 brake brake NN 34701 189 5 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 189 6 ( ( -LRB- 34701 189 7 B. B. NNP 34701 189 8 H. H. NNP 34701 189 9 P. P. NNP 34701 189 10 ) ) -RRB- 34701 189 11 is be VBZ 34701 189 12 that that DT 34701 189 13 delivered deliver VBN 34701 189 14 by by IN 34701 189 15 the the DT 34701 189 16 engine engine NN 34701 189 17 after after IN 34701 189 18 deducting deduct VBG 34701 189 19 from from IN 34701 189 20 the the DT 34701 189 21 indicated indicate VBN 34701 189 22 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 189 23 the the DT 34701 189 24 power power NN 34701 189 25 required require VBN 34701 189 26 to to TO 34701 189 27 operate operate VB 34701 189 28 the the DT 34701 189 29 moving move VBG 34701 189 30 parts part NNS 34701 189 31 . . . 34701 190 1 The the DT 34701 190 2 brake brake NN 34701 190 3 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 190 4 commonly commonly RB 34701 190 5 varies vary VBZ 34701 190 6 from from IN 34701 190 7 80 80 CD 34701 190 8 to to TO 34701 190 9 90 90 CD 34701 190 10 per per NN 34701 190 11 cent cent NN 34701 190 12 of of IN 34701 190 13 the the DT 34701 190 14 indicated indicate VBN 34701 190 15 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 190 16 at at IN 34701 190 17 full full JJ 34701 190 18 load load NN 34701 190 19 , , , 34701 190 20 depending depend VBG 34701 190 21 upon upon IN 34701 190 22 the the DT 34701 190 23 type type NN 34701 190 24 and and CC 34701 190 25 size size NN 34701 190 26 of of IN 34701 190 27 engine engine NN 34701 190 28 . . . 34701 191 1 In in IN 34701 191 2 proportioning proportion VBG 34701 191 3 an an DT 34701 191 4 engine engine NN 34701 191 5 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 191 6 for for IN 34701 191 7 any any DT 34701 191 8 given give VBN 34701 191 9 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 191 10 , , , 34701 191 11 the the DT 34701 191 12 designer designer NN 34701 191 13 usually usually RB 34701 191 14 has have VBZ 34701 191 15 the the DT 34701 191 16 following follow VBG 34701 191 17 data datum NNS 34701 191 18 , , , 34701 191 19 either either CC 34701 191 20 given give VBN 34701 191 21 or or CC 34701 191 22 assumed assume VBN 34701 191 23 , , , 34701 191 24 for for IN 34701 191 25 the the DT 34701 191 26 special special JJ 34701 191 27 type type NN 34701 191 28 of of IN 34701 191 29 engine engine NN 34701 191 30 under under IN 34701 191 31 consideration consideration NN 34701 191 32 : : : 34701 191 33 Initial initial JJ 34701 191 34 pressure pressure NN 34701 191 35 , , , 34701 191 36 back back JJ 34701 191 37 pressure pressure NN 34701 191 38 , , , 34701 191 39 clearance clearance NN 34701 191 40 , , , 34701 191 41 cut cut VBN 34701 191 42 - - HYPH 34701 191 43 off off RP 34701 191 44 , , , 34701 191 45 and and CC 34701 191 46 piston piston NN 34701 191 47 speed speed NN 34701 191 48 . . . 34701 192 1 These these DT 34701 192 2 quantities quantity NNS 34701 192 3 vary vary VBP 34701 192 4 in in IN 34701 192 5 different different JJ 34701 192 6 types type NNS 34701 192 7 of of IN 34701 192 8 engines engine NNS 34701 192 9 , , , 34701 192 10 but but CC 34701 192 11 in in IN 34701 192 12 the the DT 34701 192 13 absence absence NN 34701 192 14 of of IN 34701 192 15 more more RBR 34701 192 16 specific specific JJ 34701 192 17 data datum NNS 34701 192 18 the the DT 34701 192 19 values value NNS 34701 192 20 in in IN 34701 192 21 Table table NN 34701 192 22 III III NNP 34701 192 23 will will MD 34701 192 24 be be VB 34701 192 25 found find VBN 34701 192 26 useful useful JJ 34701 192 27 . . . 34701 193 1 The the DT 34701 193 2 back back JJ 34701 193 3 pressure pressure NN 34701 193 4 may may MD 34701 193 5 be be VB 34701 193 6 taken take VBN 34701 193 7 as as IN 34701 193 8 17 17 CD 34701 193 9 pounds pound NNS 34701 193 10 per per IN 34701 193 11 square square JJ 34701 193 12 inch inch NN 34701 193 13 , , , 34701 193 14 absolute absolute JJ 34701 193 15 , , , 34701 193 16 for for IN 34701 193 17 non non JJ 34701 193 18 - - JJ 34701 193 19 condensing condensing JJ 34701 193 20 engines engine NNS 34701 193 21 , , , 34701 193 22 and and CC 34701 193 23 as as IN 34701 193 24 3 3 CD 34701 193 25 pounds pound NNS 34701 193 26 for for IN 34701 193 27 condensing condense VBG 34701 193 28 engines engine NNS 34701 193 29 as as IN 34701 193 30 previously previously RB 34701 193 31 stated state VBN 34701 193 32 . . . 34701 194 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 34701 194 2 II ii CD 34701 194 3 . . . 34701 195 1 FACTORS FACTORS NNP 34701 195 2 FOR for IN 34701 195 3 FINDING find VBG 34701 195 4 MEAN mean NN 34701 195 5 EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE NNP 34701 195 6 PRESSURE pressure NN 34701 195 7 + + SYM 34701 195 8 --------------+-----------------------------------------+ --------------+-----------------------------------------+ NN 34701 195 9 | | CD 34701 195 10 | | NNS 34701 195 11 Point Point NNP 34701 195 12 of of IN 34701 195 13 Cut Cut NNP 34701 195 14 - - HYPH 34701 195 15 off off RP 34701 195 16 | | NNP 34701 195 17 | | NNP 34701 195 18 Percentage Percentage NNP 34701 195 19 + + SYM 34701 195 20 ------+------+------+------+------+------+ ------+------+------+------+------+------+ NFP 34701 195 21 | | CD 34701 195 22 of of IN 34701 195 23 Clearance Clearance NNP 34701 195 24 | | NNP 34701 195 25 1/10 1/10 CD 34701 195 26 | | CD 34701 195 27 1/6 1/6 CD 34701 195 28 | | CD 34701 195 29 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 195 30 | | CD 34701 195 31 1/3 1/3 CD 34701 195 32 | | CD 34701 195 33 1/2 1/2 CD 34701 195 34 | | CD 34701 195 35 3/4 3/4 CD 34701 195 36 | | CD 34701 195 37 + + CC 34701 195 38 --------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ --------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ NN 34701 195 39 | | NNP 34701 195 40 1.75 1.75 CD 34701 195 41 | | CD 34701 195 42 0.35 0.35 CD 34701 195 43 | | CD 34701 195 44 0.48 0.48 CD 34701 195 45 | | CD 34701 195 46 0.60 0.60 CD 34701 195 47 | | CD 34701 195 48 0.70 0.70 CD 34701 195 49 | | CD 34701 195 50 0.85 0.85 CD 34701 195 51 | | CD 34701 195 52 0.96 0.96 CD 34701 195 53 | | CD 34701 195 54 | | CD 34701 195 55 3.00 3.00 CD 34701 195 56 | | CD 34701 195 57 0.37 0.37 CD 34701 195 58 | | CD 34701 195 59 0.49 0.49 CD 34701 195 60 | | CD 34701 195 61 0.61 0.61 CD 34701 195 62 | | CD 34701 195 63 0.71 0.71 CD 34701 195 64 | | CD 34701 195 65 0.85 0.85 CD 34701 195 66 | | CD 34701 195 67 0.96 0.96 CD 34701 195 68 | | CD 34701 195 69 | | CD 34701 195 70 5.00 5.00 CD 34701 195 71 | | CD 34701 195 72 0.39 0.39 CD 34701 195 73 | | CD 34701 195 74 0.50 0.50 CD 34701 195 75 | | CD 34701 195 76 0.62 0.62 CD 34701 195 77 | | CD 34701 195 78 0.72 0.72 CD 34701 195 79 | | CD 34701 195 80 0.86 0.86 CD 34701 195 81 | | CD 34701 195 82 0.97 0.97 CD 34701 195 83 | | CD 34701 195 84 | | CD 34701 195 85 7.00 7.00 CD 34701 195 86 | | CD 34701 195 87 0.41 0.41 CD 34701 195 88 | | CD 34701 195 89 0.52 0.52 CD 34701 195 90 | | CD 34701 195 91 0.63 0.63 CD 34701 195 92 | | CD 34701 195 93 0.73 0.73 CD 34701 195 94 | | CD 34701 195 95 0.86 0.86 CD 34701 195 96 | | CD 34701 195 97 0.97 0.97 CD 34701 195 98 | | NNP 34701 195 99 | | CD 34701 195 100 9.00 9.00 CD 34701 195 101 | | CD 34701 195 102 0.43 0.43 CD 34701 195 103 | | CD 34701 195 104 0.54 0.54 CD 34701 195 105 | | CD 34701 195 106 0.64 0.64 CD 34701 195 107 | | CD 34701 195 108 0.73 0.73 CD 34701 195 109 | | CD 34701 195 110 0.86 0.86 CD 34701 195 111 | | CD 34701 195 112 0.97 0.97 CD 34701 195 113 | | NNP 34701 195 114 + + CC 34701 195 115 --------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ --------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ . 34701 195 116 The the DT 34701 195 117 first first JJ 34701 195 118 step step NN 34701 195 119 in in IN 34701 195 120 proportioning proportion VBG 34701 195 121 the the DT 34701 195 122 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 195 123 is be VBZ 34701 195 124 to to TO 34701 195 125 compute compute VB 34701 195 126 the the DT 34701 195 127 approximate approximate JJ 34701 195 128 mean mean VB 34701 195 129 effective effective JJ 34701 195 130 pressure pressure NN 34701 195 131 from from IN 34701 195 132 the the DT 34701 195 133 assumed assume VBN 34701 195 134 initial initial JJ 34701 195 135 pressure pressure NN 34701 195 136 , , , 34701 195 137 clearance clearance NN 34701 195 138 , , , 34701 195 139 and and CC 34701 195 140 cut cut VBN 34701 195 141 - - HYPH 34701 195 142 off off RP 34701 195 143 , , , 34701 195 144 by by IN 34701 195 145 the the DT 34701 195 146 method method NN 34701 195 147 already already RB 34701 195 148 explained explain VBD 34701 195 149 . . . 34701 196 1 Next next RB 34701 196 2 assume assume VB 34701 196 3 the the DT 34701 196 4 piston piston NN 34701 196 5 speed speed NN 34701 196 6 for for IN 34701 196 7 the the DT 34701 196 8 type type NN 34701 196 9 of of IN 34701 196 10 engine engine NN 34701 196 11 to to TO 34701 196 12 be be VB 34701 196 13 designed design VBN 34701 196 14 , , , 34701 196 15 and and CC 34701 196 16 determine determine VB 34701 196 17 the the DT 34701 196 18 piston piston NN 34701 196 19 area area NN 34701 196 20 by by IN 34701 196 21 the the DT 34701 196 22 following follow VBG 34701 196 23 formula formula NN 34701 196 24 : : : 34701 196 25 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 196 26 H. H. NNP 34701 196 27 P. P. NNP 34701 196 28 A A NNP 34701 196 29 = = SYM 34701 196 30 ----------------------- ----------------------- NFP 34701 196 31 . . . 34701 197 1 M. M. NNP 34701 197 2 E. E. NNP 34701 197 3 P. P. NNP 34701 197 4 × × NNP 34701 197 5 piston piston NN 34701 197 6 speed speed NN 34701 197 7 This this DT 34701 197 8 formula formula NN 34701 197 9 usually usually RB 34701 197 10 gives give VBZ 34701 197 11 the the DT 34701 197 12 diameter diameter NN 34701 197 13 of of IN 34701 197 14 the the DT 34701 197 15 piston piston NN 34701 197 16 in in IN 34701 197 17 inches inch NNS 34701 197 18 and and CC 34701 197 19 fractions fraction NNS 34701 197 20 of of IN 34701 197 21 an an DT 34701 197 22 inch inch NN 34701 197 23 , , , 34701 197 24 while while IN 34701 197 25 it -PRON- PRP 34701 197 26 is be VBZ 34701 197 27 desirable desirable JJ 34701 197 28 to to TO 34701 197 29 make make VB 34701 197 30 this this DT 34701 197 31 dimension dimension NN 34701 197 32 an an DT 34701 197 33 even even JJ 34701 197 34 number number NN 34701 197 35 of of IN 34701 197 36 inches inch NNS 34701 197 37 . . . 34701 198 1 This this DT 34701 198 2 may may MD 34701 198 3 be be VB 34701 198 4 done do VBN 34701 198 5 by by IN 34701 198 6 taking take VBG 34701 198 7 as as IN 34701 198 8 the the DT 34701 198 9 diameter diameter NN 34701 198 10 the the DT 34701 198 11 nearest near JJS 34701 198 12 whole whole JJ 34701 198 13 number number NN 34701 198 14 , , , 34701 198 15 and and CC 34701 198 16 changing change VBG 34701 198 17 the the DT 34701 198 18 piston piston NN 34701 198 19 speed speed NN 34701 198 20 to to TO 34701 198 21 correspond correspond VB 34701 198 22 . . . 34701 199 1 This this DT 34701 199 2 is be VBZ 34701 199 3 done do VBN 34701 199 4 by by IN 34701 199 5 the the DT 34701 199 6 use use NN 34701 199 7 of of IN 34701 199 8 the the DT 34701 199 9 following follow VBG 34701 199 10 equation equation NN 34701 199 11 . . . 34701 200 1 First first JJ 34701 200 2 piston piston NN 34701 200 3 speed speed NN 34701 200 4 × × NNP 34701 200 5 first first NNP 34701 200 6 piston piston NNP 34701 200 7 area area NN 34701 200 8 -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- NFP 34701 200 9 = = SYM 34701 200 10 new new JJ 34701 200 11 piston piston NN 34701 200 12 speed speed NN 34701 200 13 . . . 34701 201 1 new new JJ 34701 201 2 piston piston NNP 34701 201 3 area area NN 34701 201 4 In in IN 34701 201 5 calculating calculate VBG 34701 201 6 the the DT 34701 201 7 effective effective JJ 34701 201 8 piston piston NNP 34701 201 9 area area NN 34701 201 10 , , , 34701 201 11 the the DT 34701 201 12 area area NN 34701 201 13 of of IN 34701 201 14 the the DT 34701 201 15 piston piston NN 34701 201 16 rod rod NN 34701 201 17 upon upon IN 34701 201 18 one one CD 34701 201 19 side side NN 34701 201 20 must must MD 34701 201 21 be be VB 34701 201 22 allowed allow VBN 34701 201 23 for for IN 34701 201 24 . . . 34701 202 1 The the DT 34701 202 2 effective effective JJ 34701 202 3 or or CC 34701 202 4 average average JJ 34701 202 5 piston piston NN 34701 202 6 area area NN 34701 202 7 will will MD 34701 202 8 then then RB 34701 202 9 be be VB 34701 202 10 ( ( -LRB- 34701 202 11 2_A 2_a CD 34701 202 12 _ _ NNP 34701 202 13 - - HYPH 34701 202 14 _ _ NNP 34701 202 15 a_)/2 a_)/2 NN 34701 202 16 , , , 34701 202 17 in in IN 34701 202 18 which which WDT 34701 202 19 _ _ NNP 34701 202 20 A A NNP 34701 202 21 _ _ NNP 34701 202 22 = = SYM 34701 202 23 area area NN 34701 202 24 of of IN 34701 202 25 piston piston NN 34701 202 26 , , , 34701 202 27 _ _ NNP 34701 202 28 a a DT 34701 202 29 _ _ NNP 34701 202 30 = = SYM 34701 202 31 area area NN 34701 202 32 of of IN 34701 202 33 piston piston NNP 34701 202 34 rod rod NNP 34701 202 35 . . . 34701 203 1 This this DT 34701 203 2 latter latter JJ 34701 203 3 area area NN 34701 203 4 must must MD 34701 203 5 be be VB 34701 203 6 assumed assume VBN 34701 203 7 . . . 34701 204 1 After after IN 34701 204 2 assuming assume VBG 34701 204 3 a a DT 34701 204 4 new new JJ 34701 204 5 piston piston NN 34701 204 6 diameter diameter NN 34701 204 7 of of IN 34701 204 8 even even JJ 34701 204 9 inches inch NNS 34701 204 10 , , , 34701 204 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 204 12 effective effective JJ 34701 204 13 or or CC 34701 204 14 average average JJ 34701 204 15 area area NN 34701 204 16 must must MD 34701 204 17 be be VB 34701 204 18 used use VBN 34701 204 19 in in IN 34701 204 20 determining determine VBG 34701 204 21 the the DT 34701 204 22 new new JJ 34701 204 23 piston piston NN 34701 204 24 speed speed NN 34701 204 25 . . . 34701 205 1 The the DT 34701 205 2 length length NN 34701 205 3 of of IN 34701 205 4 stroke stroke NN 34701 205 5 is be VBZ 34701 205 6 commonly commonly RB 34701 205 7 proportioned proportion VBN 34701 205 8 to to IN 34701 205 9 the the DT 34701 205 10 diameter diameter NN 34701 205 11 of of IN 34701 205 12 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 205 13 , , , 34701 205 14 and and CC 34701 205 15 the the DT 34701 205 16 piston piston NN 34701 205 17 speed speed NN 34701 205 18 divided divide VBN 34701 205 19 by by IN 34701 205 20 this this DT 34701 205 21 will will MD 34701 205 22 give give VB 34701 205 23 the the DT 34701 205 24 number number NN 34701 205 25 of of IN 34701 205 26 strokes stroke NNS 34701 205 27 per per IN 34701 205 28 minute minute NN 34701 205 29 . . . 34701 206 1 _ _ NNP 34701 206 2 Example_:--Find example_:--find XX 34701 206 3 the the DT 34701 206 4 diameter diameter NN 34701 206 5 of of IN 34701 206 6 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 206 7 , , , 34701 206 8 length length NN 34701 206 9 of of IN 34701 206 10 stroke stroke NN 34701 206 11 , , , 34701 206 12 and and CC 34701 206 13 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 206 14 per per IN 34701 206 15 minute minute NN 34701 206 16 for for IN 34701 206 17 a a DT 34701 206 18 simple simple JJ 34701 206 19 high high JJ 34701 206 20 - - HYPH 34701 206 21 speed speed NN 34701 206 22 non non JJ 34701 206 23 - - JJ 34701 206 24 condensing condensing JJ 34701 206 25 engine engine NN 34701 206 26 of of IN 34701 206 27 200 200 CD 34701 206 28 I. I. NNP 34701 206 29 H. H. NNP 34701 206 30 P. P. NNP 34701 206 31 , , , 34701 206 32 with with IN 34701 206 33 the the DT 34701 206 34 following follow VBG 34701 206 35 assumptions assumption NNS 34701 206 36 : : : 34701 206 37 Initial initial JJ 34701 206 38 pressure pressure NN 34701 206 39 , , , 34701 206 40 90 90 CD 34701 206 41 pounds pound NNS 34701 206 42 gage gage NN 34701 206 43 ; ; : 34701 206 44 clearance clearance NN 34701 206 45 , , , 34701 206 46 7 7 CD 34701 206 47 per per NN 34701 206 48 cent cent NN 34701 206 49 ; ; : 34701 206 50 cut cut NN 34701 206 51 - - HYPH 34701 206 52 off off RP 34701 206 53 , , , 34701 206 54 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 206 55 ; ; : 34701 206 56 piston piston NN 34701 206 57 speed speed NN 34701 206 58 , , , 34701 206 59 700 700 CD 34701 206 60 feet foot NNS 34701 206 61 per per IN 34701 206 62 minute minute NN 34701 206 63 ; ; : 34701 206 64 length length NN 34701 206 65 of of IN 34701 206 66 stroke stroke NN 34701 206 67 , , , 34701 206 68 1.5 1.5 CD 34701 206 69 times time NNS 34701 206 70 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 206 71 diameter diameter NN 34701 206 72 . . . 34701 207 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 34701 207 2 III iii CD 34701 207 3 . . . 34701 208 1 PRESSURE PRESSURE NNP 34701 208 2 , , , 34701 208 3 CLEARANCE CLEARANCE NNP 34701 208 4 , , , 34701 208 5 CUT CUT NNP 34701 208 6 - - HYPH 34701 208 7 OFF OFF NNP 34701 208 8 AND and CC 34701 208 9 PISTON PISTON NNP 34701 208 10 SPEED SPEED NNS 34701 208 11 OF of IN 34701 208 12 STEAM steam JJ 34701 208 13 ENGINES ENGINES NNP 34701 208 14 + + SYM 34701 208 15 ---------------------+------------+-----------+-------------+------------+ ---------------------+------------+-----------+-------------+------------+ NNP 34701 208 16 | | NNP 34701 208 17 | | NNP 34701 208 18 Initial Initial NNP 34701 208 19 | | NNP 34701 208 20 Clearance,| Clearance,| VBD 34701 208 21 Cut Cut NNP 34701 208 22 - - HYPH 34701 208 23 off off NNP 34701 208 24 , , , 34701 208 25 | | NNP 34701 208 26 Piston Piston NNP 34701 208 27 | | NNP 34701 208 28 | | NNP 34701 208 29 Type Type NNP 34701 208 30 of of IN 34701 208 31 Engine Engine NNP 34701 208 32 | | NNP 34701 208 33 Pressure Pressure NNP 34701 208 34 , , , 34701 208 35 | | NNP 34701 208 36 Per Per NNP 34701 208 37 Cent Cent NNP 34701 208 38 | | NNP 34701 208 39 Proportion Proportion NNP 34701 208 40 | | NNP 34701 208 41 Speed Speed NNP 34701 208 42 , , , 34701 208 43 Feet| Feet| NNP 34701 208 44 | | NNP 34701 208 45 | | NNS 34701 208 46 ( ( -LRB- 34701 208 47 Gage gage NN 34701 208 48 ) ) -RRB- 34701 208 49 | | NNP 34701 208 50 | | NNP 34701 208 51 of of IN 34701 208 52 Stroke Stroke NNP 34701 208 53 | | NNP 34701 208 54 per per IN 34701 208 55 Minute Minute NNP 34701 208 56 | | CD 34701 208 57 + + SYM 34701 208 58 ---------------------+------------+-----------+-------------+------------+ ---------------------+------------+-----------+-------------+------------+ NN 34701 208 59 |Simple |simple CD 34701 208 60 high high JJ 34701 208 61 - - HYPH 34701 208 62 speed speed NN 34701 208 63 | | CD 34701 208 64 80 80 CD 34701 208 65 to to TO 34701 208 66 90 90 CD 34701 208 67 |4 |4 CD 34701 208 68 to to TO 34701 208 69 10 10 CD 34701 208 70 | | CD 34701 208 71 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 208 72 to to IN 34701 208 73 1/3 1/3 CD 34701 208 74 | | CD 34701 208 75 600 600 CD 34701 208 76 to to TO 34701 208 77 800 800 CD 34701 208 78 | | CD 34701 208 79 |Simple |simple CD 34701 208 80 medium medium JJ 34701 208 81 - - HYPH 34701 208 82 speed speed NN 34701 208 83 | | CD 34701 208 84 80 80 CD 34701 208 85 to to TO 34701 208 86 90 90 CD 34701 208 87 |3 |3 NNS 34701 208 88 to to TO 34701 208 89 8 8 CD 34701 208 90 | | CD 34701 208 91 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 208 92 to to IN 34701 208 93 1/3 1/3 CD 34701 208 94 | | CD 34701 208 95 500 500 CD 34701 208 96 to to IN 34701 208 97 700 700 CD 34701 208 98 | | CD 34701 208 99 |Simple |simple CD 34701 208 100 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 208 101 | | NNP 34701 208 102 80 80 CD 34701 208 103 to to TO 34701 208 104 90 90 CD 34701 208 105 |1.5 |1.5 CD 34701 208 106 to to IN 34701 208 107 3.5| 3.5| CD 34701 208 108 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 208 109 to to IN 34701 208 110 1/3 1/3 CD 34701 208 111 | | CD 34701 208 112 400 400 CD 34701 208 113 to to IN 34701 208 114 600 600 CD 34701 208 115 | | CD 34701 208 116 |Compound |compound JJ 34701 208 117 high high JJ 34701 208 118 - - HYPH 34701 208 119 speed speed NN 34701 208 120 | | NNP 34701 208 121 130 130 CD 34701 208 122 to to IN 34701 208 123 140 140 CD 34701 208 124 |4 |4 CD 34701 208 125 to to TO 34701 208 126 10 10 CD 34701 208 127 | | CD 34701 208 128 1/10 1/10 CD 34701 208 129 to to IN 34701 208 130 1/8 1/8 CD 34701 208 131 | | CD 34701 208 132 600 600 CD 34701 208 133 to to TO 34701 208 134 800 800 CD 34701 208 135 | | CD 34701 208 136 |Compound |Compound NNP 34701 208 137 medium medium NN 34701 208 138 - - HYPH 34701 208 139 speed| speed| CD 34701 208 140 130 130 CD 34701 208 141 to to TO 34701 208 142 140 140 CD 34701 208 143 |3 |3 NNS 34701 208 144 to to TO 34701 208 145 8 8 CD 34701 208 146 | | CD 34701 208 147 1/10 1/10 CD 34701 208 148 to to IN 34701 208 149 1/8 1/8 CD 34701 208 150 | | CD 34701 208 151 500 500 CD 34701 208 152 to to IN 34701 208 153 700 700 CD 34701 208 154 | | CD 34701 208 155 |Compound |Compound NNP 34701 208 156 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 208 157 | | NNP 34701 208 158 130 130 CD 34701 208 159 to to TO 34701 208 160 140 140 CD 34701 208 161 |1.5 |1.5 CD 34701 208 162 to to IN 34701 208 163 3.5| 3.5| CD 34701 208 164 1/10 1/10 CD 34701 208 165 to to IN 34701 208 166 1/8 1/8 CD 34701 208 167 | | CD 34701 208 168 400 400 CD 34701 208 169 to to IN 34701 208 170 600 600 CD 34701 208 171 | | NNS 34701 208 172 + + SYM 34701 208 173 ---------------------+------------+-----------+-------------+------------+ ---------------------+------------+-----------+-------------+------------+ FW 34701 208 174 By by IN 34701 208 175 using use VBG 34701 208 176 the the DT 34701 208 177 rules rule NNS 34701 208 178 and and CC 34701 208 179 formulas formula NNS 34701 208 180 in in IN 34701 208 181 the the DT 34701 208 182 foregoing foregoing NN 34701 208 183 , , , 34701 208 184 we -PRON- PRP 34701 208 185 have have VBP 34701 208 186 : : : 34701 208 187 M. M. NNP 34701 208 188 E. E. NNP 34701 208 189 P. P. NNP 34701 208 190 = = NFP 34701 208 191 ( ( -LRB- 34701 208 192 90 90 CD 34701 208 193 + + SYM 34701 208 194 15 15 CD 34701 208 195 ) ) -RRB- 34701 208 196 × × CD 34701 208 197 0.63 0.63 CD 34701 208 198 - - SYM 34701 208 199 17 17 CD 34701 208 200 = = SYM 34701 208 201 49 49 CD 34701 208 202 pounds pound NNS 34701 208 203 . . . 34701 209 1 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 209 2 × × CD 34701 209 3 200 200 CD 34701 209 4 _ _ NNP 34701 209 5 A A NNP 34701 209 6 _ _ NNP 34701 209 7 = = NFP 34701 209 8 ------------ ------------ NFP 34701 209 9 = = NFP 34701 209 10 192.4 192.4 CD 34701 209 11 square square JJ 34701 209 12 inches inch NNS 34701 209 13 . . . 34701 210 1 49 49 CD 34701 210 2 × × CD 34701 210 3 700 700 CD 34701 210 4 The the DT 34701 210 5 nearest near JJS 34701 210 6 piston piston NN 34701 210 7 diameter diameter NN 34701 210 8 of of IN 34701 210 9 even even RB 34701 210 10 inches inch NNS 34701 210 11 is be VBZ 34701 210 12 16 16 CD 34701 210 13 , , , 34701 210 14 which which WDT 34701 210 15 corresponds correspond VBZ 34701 210 16 to to IN 34701 210 17 an an DT 34701 210 18 area area NN 34701 210 19 of of IN 34701 210 20 201 201 CD 34701 210 21 square square JJ 34701 210 22 inches inch NNS 34701 210 23 . . . 34701 211 1 Assume assume VB 34701 211 2 a a DT 34701 211 3 piston piston NN 34701 211 4 rod rod NN 34701 211 5 diameter diameter NN 34701 211 6 of of IN 34701 211 7 2 2 CD 34701 211 8 - - HYPH 34701 211 9 1/2 1/2 CD 34701 211 10 inches inch NNS 34701 211 11 , , , 34701 211 12 corresponding correspond VBG 34701 211 13 to to IN 34701 211 14 an an DT 34701 211 15 area area NN 34701 211 16 of of IN 34701 211 17 4.9 4.9 CD 34701 211 18 square square JJ 34701 211 19 inches inch NNS 34701 211 20 , , , 34701 211 21 from from IN 34701 211 22 which which WDT 34701 211 23 the the DT 34701 211 24 average average JJ 34701 211 25 or or CC 34701 211 26 effective effective JJ 34701 211 27 piston piston NN 34701 211 28 area area NN 34701 211 29 is be VBZ 34701 211 30 found find VBN 34701 211 31 to to TO 34701 211 32 be be VB 34701 211 33 ( ( -LRB- 34701 211 34 ( ( -LRB- 34701 211 35 2 2 CD 34701 211 36 × × CD 34701 211 37 201 201 CD 34701 211 38 ) ) -RRB- 34701 211 39 - - : 34701 211 40 4.9)/2 4.9)/2 CD 34701 211 41 = = SYM 34701 211 42 198.5 198.5 CD 34701 211 43 square square JJ 34701 211 44 inches inch NNS 34701 211 45 . . . 34701 212 1 Determining determine VBG 34701 212 2 now now RB 34701 212 3 the the DT 34701 212 4 new new JJ 34701 212 5 piston piston NN 34701 212 6 speed speed NN 34701 212 7 , , , 34701 212 8 we -PRON- PRP 34701 212 9 have have VBP 34701 212 10 : : : 34701 212 11 700 700 CD 34701 212 12 × × CD 34701 212 13 192.4 192.4 CD 34701 212 14 ----------- ----------- CD 34701 212 15 = = SYM 34701 212 16 678.5 678.5 CD 34701 212 17 feet foot NNS 34701 212 18 per per IN 34701 212 19 minute minute NN 34701 212 20 . . . 34701 213 1 198.5 198.5 LS 34701 213 2 Assuming assume VBG 34701 213 3 the the DT 34701 213 4 length length NN 34701 213 5 of of IN 34701 213 6 stroke stroke NN 34701 213 7 to to TO 34701 213 8 be be VB 34701 213 9 1.5 1.5 CD 34701 213 10 times time NNS 34701 213 11 the the DT 34701 213 12 diameter diameter NN 34701 213 13 of of IN 34701 213 14 the the DT 34701 213 15 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 213 16 , , , 34701 213 17 it -PRON- PRP 34701 213 18 will will MD 34701 213 19 be be VB 34701 213 20 24 24 CD 34701 213 21 inches inch NNS 34701 213 22 , , , 34701 213 23 or or CC 34701 213 24 2 2 CD 34701 213 25 feet foot NNS 34701 213 26 . . . 34701 214 1 This this DT 34701 214 2 will will MD 34701 214 3 call call VB 34701 214 4 for for IN 34701 214 5 678.5 678.5 CD 34701 214 6 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 214 7 2 2 CD 34701 214 8 = = SYM 34701 214 9 340 340 CD 34701 214 10 strokes stroke NNS 34701 214 11 per per IN 34701 214 12 minute minute NN 34701 214 13 , , , 34701 214 14 approximately approximately RB 34701 214 15 , , , 34701 214 16 or or CC 34701 214 17 340 340 CD 34701 214 18 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 214 19 2 2 CD 34701 214 20 = = SYM 34701 214 21 170 170 CD 34701 214 22 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 214 23 per per IN 34701 214 24 minute minute NN 34701 214 25 . . . 34701 215 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34701 215 2 III III NNP 34701 215 3 STEAM STEAM NNP 34701 215 4 ENGINE engine NN 34701 215 5 DETAILS details NN 34701 215 6 Some some DT 34701 215 7 of of IN 34701 215 8 the the DT 34701 215 9 most most RBS 34701 215 10 important important JJ 34701 215 11 details detail NNS 34701 215 12 of of IN 34701 215 13 a a DT 34701 215 14 steam steam NN 34701 215 15 engine engine NN 34701 215 16 are be VBP 34701 215 17 those those DT 34701 215 18 of of IN 34701 215 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 215 20 valve valve NN 34701 215 21 gear gear NN 34701 215 22 . . . 34701 216 1 The the DT 34701 216 2 simplest simple JJS 34701 216 3 form form NN 34701 216 4 of of IN 34701 216 5 valve valve NN 34701 216 6 is be VBZ 34701 216 7 that that DT 34701 216 8 known know VBN 34701 216 9 as as IN 34701 216 10 the the DT 34701 216 11 plain plain JJ 34701 216 12 slide slide NN 34701 216 13 valve valve NN 34701 216 14 , , , 34701 216 15 and and CC 34701 216 16 as as IN 34701 216 17 nearly nearly RB 34701 216 18 all all DT 34701 216 19 others other NNS 34701 216 20 are be VBP 34701 216 21 a a DT 34701 216 22 modification modification NN 34701 216 23 of of IN 34701 216 24 this this DT 34701 216 25 , , , 34701 216 26 it -PRON- PRP 34701 216 27 is be VBZ 34701 216 28 essential essential JJ 34701 216 29 that that IN 34701 216 30 the the DT 34701 216 31 designer designer NN 34701 216 32 should should MD 34701 216 33 first first RB 34701 216 34 familiarize familiarize VB 34701 216 35 himself -PRON- PRP 34701 216 36 with with IN 34701 216 37 this this DT 34701 216 38 particular particular JJ 34701 216 39 type type NN 34701 216 40 of of IN 34701 216 41 valve valve NN 34701 216 42 in in IN 34701 216 43 all all DT 34701 216 44 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 216 45 details detail NNS 34701 216 46 of of IN 34701 216 47 operation operation NN 34701 216 48 . . . 34701 217 1 After after IN 34701 217 2 this this DT 34701 217 3 has have VBZ 34701 217 4 been be VBN 34701 217 5 done do VBN 34701 217 6 , , , 34701 217 7 a a DT 34701 217 8 study study NN 34701 217 9 of of IN 34701 217 10 other other JJ 34701 217 11 forms form NNS 34701 217 12 of of IN 34701 217 13 valves valve NNS 34701 217 14 will will MD 34701 217 15 be be VB 34701 217 16 found find VBN 34701 217 17 a a DT 34701 217 18 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 217 19 easy easy JJ 34701 217 20 matter matter NN 34701 217 21 . . . 34701 218 1 The the DT 34701 218 2 so so RB 34701 218 3 called call VBN 34701 218 4 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 218 5 valve valve NN 34701 218 6 differs differ NNS 34701 218 7 radically radically RB 34701 218 8 from from IN 34701 218 9 the the DT 34701 218 10 slide slide NN 34701 218 11 valve valve NN 34701 218 12 , , , 34701 218 13 but but CC 34701 218 14 the the DT 34701 218 15 results result NNS 34701 218 16 to to TO 34701 218 17 be be VB 34701 218 18 obtained obtain VBN 34701 218 19 and and CC 34701 218 20 the the DT 34701 218 21 terms term NNS 34701 218 22 used use VBN 34701 218 23 in in IN 34701 218 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 218 25 design design NN 34701 218 26 are be VBP 34701 218 27 practically practically RB 34701 218 28 the the DT 34701 218 29 same same JJ 34701 218 30 . . . 34701 219 1 The the DT 34701 219 2 valve valve NN 34701 219 3 gear gear NN 34701 219 4 of of IN 34701 219 5 a a DT 34701 219 6 steam steam NN 34701 219 7 engine engine NN 34701 219 8 is be VBZ 34701 219 9 made make VBN 34701 219 10 up up RP 34701 219 11 of of IN 34701 219 12 the the DT 34701 219 13 valve valve NN 34701 219 14 or or CC 34701 219 15 valves valve NNS 34701 219 16 which which WDT 34701 219 17 admit admit VBP 34701 219 18 steam steam NN 34701 219 19 to to IN 34701 219 20 and and CC 34701 219 21 exhaust exhaust VB 34701 219 22 it -PRON- PRP 34701 219 23 from from IN 34701 219 24 the the DT 34701 219 25 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 219 26 , , , 34701 219 27 and and CC 34701 219 28 of of IN 34701 219 29 the the DT 34701 219 30 mechanism mechanism NN 34701 219 31 which which WDT 34701 219 32 governs govern VBZ 34701 219 33 the the DT 34701 219 34 valve valve NN 34701 219 35 movements movement NNS 34701 219 36 , , , 34701 219 37 the the DT 34701 219 38 latter latter JJ 34701 219 39 usually usually RB 34701 219 40 consisting consist VBG 34701 219 41 of of IN 34701 219 42 one one CD 34701 219 43 or or CC 34701 219 44 more more JJR 34701 219 45 eccentrics eccentric NNS 34701 219 46 attached attach VBN 34701 219 47 to to IN 34701 219 48 the the DT 34701 219 49 main main JJ 34701 219 50 shaft shaft NN 34701 219 51 . . . 34701 220 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 220 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 220 3 : : : 34701 220 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 220 5 . . . 34701 221 1 8 8 LS 34701 221 2 . . . 34701 222 1 Longitudinal Longitudinal NNP 34701 222 2 Section Section NNP 34701 222 3 of of IN 34701 222 4 Slide Slide NNP 34701 222 5 Valve Valve NNP 34701 222 6 with with IN 34701 222 7 Ports Ports NNPS 34701 222 8 ] ] -RRB- 34701 222 9 The the DT 34701 222 10 Slide slide NN 34701 222 11 Valve Valve NNP 34701 222 12 Fig Fig NNP 34701 222 13 . . . 34701 223 1 8 8 CD 34701 223 2 shows show VBZ 34701 223 3 a a DT 34701 223 4 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 34701 223 5 section section NN 34701 223 6 of of IN 34701 223 7 a a DT 34701 223 8 slide slide NN 34701 223 9 valve valve NN 34701 223 10 with with IN 34701 223 11 the the DT 34701 223 12 ports port NNS 34701 223 13 , , , 34701 223 14 bridges bridge NNS 34701 223 15 , , , 34701 223 16 etc etc FW 34701 223 17 . . . 34701 224 1 The the DT 34701 224 2 valve valve NN 34701 224 3 is be VBZ 34701 224 4 shown show VBN 34701 224 5 in in IN 34701 224 6 mid mid NN 34701 224 7 - - NN 34701 224 8 position position NN 34701 224 9 in in IN 34701 224 10 order order NN 34701 224 11 that that IN 34701 224 12 certain certain JJ 34701 224 13 points point NNS 34701 224 14 relating relate VBG 34701 224 15 to to IN 34701 224 16 it -PRON- PRP 34701 224 17 may may MD 34701 224 18 be be VB 34701 224 19 more more RBR 34701 224 20 easily easily RB 34701 224 21 understood understand VBN 34701 224 22 . . . 34701 225 1 The the DT 34701 225 2 valve valve NN 34701 225 3 , , , 34701 225 4 _ _ NNP 34701 225 5 V V NNP 34701 225 6 _ _ NNP 34701 225 7 , , , 34701 225 8 consists consist VBZ 34701 225 9 of of IN 34701 225 10 a a DT 34701 225 11 hollow hollow JJ 34701 225 12 casting casting NN 34701 225 13 , , , 34701 225 14 with with IN 34701 225 15 ends end NNS 34701 225 16 projecting project VBG 34701 225 17 beyond beyond IN 34701 225 18 the the DT 34701 225 19 ports port NNS 34701 225 20 as as IN 34701 225 21 shown show VBN 34701 225 22 ; ; : 34701 225 23 the the DT 34701 225 24 lower low JJR 34701 225 25 face face NN 34701 225 26 is be VBZ 34701 225 27 smoothly smoothly RB 34701 225 28 finished finish VBN 34701 225 29 and and CC 34701 225 30 fitted fit VBD 34701 225 31 to to IN 34701 225 32 the the DT 34701 225 33 valve valve NN 34701 225 34 seat seat NN 34701 225 35 _ _ NNP 34701 225 36 AB AB NNP 34701 225 37 _ _ NNP 34701 225 38 . . . 34701 226 1 In in IN 34701 226 2 operation operation NN 34701 226 3 it -PRON- PRP 34701 226 4 slides slide VBZ 34701 226 5 back back RB 34701 226 6 and and CC 34701 226 7 forth forth RB 34701 226 8 , , , 34701 226 9 opening open VBG 34701 226 10 and and CC 34701 226 11 closing close VBG 34701 226 12 the the DT 34701 226 13 ports port NNS 34701 226 14 which which WDT 34701 226 15 connect connect VBP 34701 226 16 the the DT 34701 226 17 steam steam NN 34701 226 18 chest chest NN 34701 226 19 with with IN 34701 226 20 the the DT 34701 226 21 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 226 22 . . . 34701 227 1 Steam steam NN 34701 227 2 is be VBZ 34701 227 3 admitted admit VBN 34701 227 4 to to IN 34701 227 5 the the DT 34701 227 6 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 227 7 when when WRB 34701 227 8 either either DT 34701 227 9 port port NN 34701 227 10 _ _ NNP 34701 227 11 CD CD NNP 34701 227 12 _ _ NNP 34701 227 13 or or CC 34701 227 14 _ _ NNP 34701 227 15 DC DC NNP 34701 227 16 _ _ NNP 34701 227 17 is be VBZ 34701 227 18 opened open VBN 34701 227 19 , , , 34701 227 20 and and CC 34701 227 21 is be VBZ 34701 227 22 released release VBN 34701 227 23 when when WRB 34701 227 24 the the DT 34701 227 25 ports port NNS 34701 227 26 are be VBP 34701 227 27 brought bring VBN 34701 227 28 into into IN 34701 227 29 communication communication NN 34701 227 30 with with IN 34701 227 31 the the DT 34701 227 32 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 227 33 port port NN 34701 227 34 _ _ NNP 34701 227 35 MN MN NNP 34701 227 36 _ _ NNP 34701 227 37 . . . 34701 228 1 This this DT 34701 228 2 is be VBZ 34701 228 3 accomplished accomplish VBN 34701 228 4 by by IN 34701 228 5 the the DT 34701 228 6 movement movement NN 34701 228 7 of of IN 34701 228 8 the the DT 34701 228 9 valve valve NN 34701 228 10 , , , 34701 228 11 which which WDT 34701 228 12 brings bring VBZ 34701 228 13 one one CD 34701 228 14 of of IN 34701 228 15 the the DT 34701 228 16 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 228 17 ports port NNS 34701 228 18 and and CC 34701 228 19 the the DT 34701 228 20 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 228 21 port port NN 34701 228 22 both both DT 34701 228 23 under under IN 34701 228 24 the the DT 34701 228 25 hollow hollow JJ 34701 228 26 arch arch NN 34701 228 27 _ _ NNP 34701 228 28 K K NNP 34701 228 29 _ _ NNP 34701 228 30 . . . 34701 229 1 The the DT 34701 229 2 portions portion NNS 34701 229 3 _ _ NNP 34701 229 4 DM DM NNP 34701 229 5 _ _ NNP 34701 229 6 and and CC 34701 229 7 _ _ NNP 34701 229 8 ND ND NNP 34701 229 9 _ _ NNP 34701 229 10 of of IN 34701 229 11 the the DT 34701 229 12 valve valve NN 34701 229 13 seat seat NN 34701 229 14 are be VBP 34701 229 15 called call VBN 34701 229 16 the the DT 34701 229 17 bridges bridge NNS 34701 229 18 . . . 34701 230 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 230 2 will will MD 34701 230 3 be be VB 34701 230 4 seen see VBN 34701 230 5 by by IN 34701 230 6 reference reference NN 34701 230 7 to to IN 34701 230 8 Fig Fig NNP 34701 230 9 . . . 34701 231 1 8 8 CD 34701 231 2 that that IN 34701 231 3 the the DT 34701 231 4 portions portion NNS 34701 231 5 _ _ NNP 34701 231 6 OI OI NNP 34701 231 7 _ _ NNP 34701 231 8 and and CC 34701 231 9 _ _ NNP 34701 231 10 IO IO NNP 34701 231 11 _ _ NNP 34701 231 12 are be VBP 34701 231 13 wider wide JJR 34701 231 14 than than IN 34701 231 15 the the DT 34701 231 16 ports port NNS 34701 231 17 which which WDT 34701 231 18 they -PRON- PRP 34701 231 19 cover cover VBP 34701 231 20 . . . 34701 232 1 This this DT 34701 232 2 extra extra JJ 34701 232 3 width width NN 34701 232 4 is be VBZ 34701 232 5 called call VBN 34701 232 6 the the DT 34701 232 7 _ _ NNP 34701 232 8 lap lap NN 34701 232 9 _ _ NNP 34701 232 10 , , , 34701 232 11 _ _ NNP 34701 232 12 OC OC NNP 34701 232 13 _ _ NNP 34701 232 14 being be VBG 34701 232 15 the the DT 34701 232 16 outside outside JJ 34701 232 17 lap lap NN 34701 232 18 and and CC 34701 232 19 _ _ NNP 34701 232 20 DI DI NNP 34701 232 21 _ _ NNP 34701 232 22 the the DT 34701 232 23 inside inside NN 34701 232 24 or or CC 34701 232 25 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 232 26 lap lap NN 34701 232 27 . . . 34701 233 1 The the DT 34701 233 2 object object NN 34701 233 3 of of IN 34701 233 4 outside outside JJ 34701 233 5 lap lap NN 34701 233 6 is be VBZ 34701 233 7 that that IN 34701 233 8 the the DT 34701 233 9 steam steam NN 34701 233 10 may may MD 34701 233 11 be be VB 34701 233 12 shut shut VBN 34701 233 13 off off RP 34701 233 14 after after IN 34701 233 15 the the DT 34701 233 16 piston piston NN 34701 233 17 has have VBZ 34701 233 18 moved move VBN 34701 233 19 forward forward RB 34701 233 20 a a DT 34701 233 21 certain certain JJ 34701 233 22 distance distance NN 34701 233 23 , , , 34701 233 24 and and CC 34701 233 25 be be VB 34701 233 26 expanded expand VBN 34701 233 27 during during IN 34701 233 28 the the DT 34701 233 29 remainder remainder NN 34701 233 30 of of IN 34701 233 31 the the DT 34701 233 32 stroke stroke NN 34701 233 33 . . . 34701 234 1 If if IN 34701 234 2 there there EX 34701 234 3 were be VBD 34701 234 4 no no DT 34701 234 5 outside outside JJ 34701 234 6 lap lap NN 34701 234 7 , , , 34701 234 8 steam steam NN 34701 234 9 would would MD 34701 234 10 be be VB 34701 234 11 admitted admit VBN 34701 234 12 throughout throughout IN 34701 234 13 the the DT 34701 234 14 entire entire JJ 34701 234 15 stroke stroke NN 34701 234 16 and and CC 34701 234 17 there there EX 34701 234 18 would would MD 34701 234 19 be be VB 34701 234 20 no no DT 34701 234 21 expansion expansion NN 34701 234 22 . . . 34701 235 1 If if IN 34701 235 2 there there EX 34701 235 3 were be VBD 34701 235 4 no no DT 34701 235 5 inside inside JJ 34701 235 6 lap lap NN 34701 235 7 , , , 34701 235 8 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 235 9 would would MD 34701 235 10 take take VB 34701 235 11 place place NN 34701 235 12 throughout throughout IN 34701 235 13 the the DT 34701 235 14 whole whole JJ 34701 235 15 stroke stroke NN 34701 235 16 , , , 34701 235 17 and and CC 34701 235 18 the the DT 34701 235 19 advantages advantage NNS 34701 235 20 of of IN 34701 235 21 premature premature JJ 34701 235 22 release release NN 34701 235 23 and and CC 34701 235 24 compression compression NN 34701 235 25 would would MD 34701 235 26 be be VB 34701 235 27 lost lose VBN 34701 235 28 . . . 34701 236 1 Hence hence RB 34701 236 2 , , , 34701 236 3 outside outside IN 34701 236 4 lap lap NN 34701 236 5 affects affect VBZ 34701 236 6 the the DT 34701 236 7 cut cut NN 34701 236 8 - - HYPH 34701 236 9 off off RP 34701 236 10 , , , 34701 236 11 and and CC 34701 236 12 inside inside IN 34701 236 13 lap lap NN 34701 236 14 affects affect NNS 34701 236 15 release release NN 34701 236 16 and and CC 34701 236 17 compression compression NN 34701 236 18 . . . 34701 237 1 A a DT 34701 237 2 valve valve NN 34701 237 3 has have VBZ 34701 237 4 _ _ NNP 34701 237 5 lead lead NN 34701 237 6 _ _ NNP 34701 237 7 when when WRB 34701 237 8 it -PRON- PRP 34701 237 9 begins begin VBZ 34701 237 10 to to TO 34701 237 11 uncover uncover VB 34701 237 12 the the DT 34701 237 13 steam steam NN 34701 237 14 port port NN 34701 237 15 before before IN 34701 237 16 the the DT 34701 237 17 end end NN 34701 237 18 of of IN 34701 237 19 the the DT 34701 237 20 return return NN 34701 237 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 237 22 of of IN 34701 237 23 the the DT 34701 237 24 piston piston NN 34701 237 25 . . . 34701 238 1 This this DT 34701 238 2 is be VBZ 34701 238 3 shown show VBN 34701 238 4 in in IN 34701 238 5 Fig Fig NNP 34701 238 6 . . . 34701 239 1 9 9 CD 34701 239 2 , , , 34701 239 3 where where WRB 34701 239 4 the the DT 34701 239 5 piston piston NN 34701 239 6 _ _ NNP 34701 239 7 P P NNP 34701 239 8 _ _ NNP 34701 239 9 is be VBZ 34701 239 10 just just RB 34701 239 11 ready ready JJ 34701 239 12 to to TO 34701 239 13 start start VB 34701 239 14 on on IN 34701 239 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 239 16 forward forward JJ 34701 239 17 stroke stroke NN 34701 239 18 as as IN 34701 239 19 indicated indicate VBN 34701 239 20 by by IN 34701 239 21 the the DT 34701 239 22 arrow arrow NN 34701 239 23 . . . 34701 240 1 The the DT 34701 240 2 valve valve NN 34701 240 3 has have VBZ 34701 240 4 already already RB 34701 240 5 opened open VBN 34701 240 6 a a DT 34701 240 7 distance distance NN 34701 240 8 equal equal JJ 34701 240 9 to to IN 34701 240 10 the the DT 34701 240 11 lead lead NN 34701 240 12 , , , 34701 240 13 and and CC 34701 240 14 the the DT 34701 240 15 steam steam NN 34701 240 16 has have VBZ 34701 240 17 had have VBN 34701 240 18 an an DT 34701 240 19 opportunity opportunity NN 34701 240 20 to to TO 34701 240 21 enter enter VB 34701 240 22 and and CC 34701 240 23 fill fill VB 34701 240 24 the the DT 34701 240 25 clearance clearance NN 34701 240 26 space space NN 34701 240 27 before before IN 34701 240 28 the the DT 34701 240 29 beginning beginning NN 34701 240 30 of of IN 34701 240 31 the the DT 34701 240 32 stroke stroke NN 34701 240 33 . . . 34701 241 1 The the DT 34701 241 2 lead lead NN 34701 241 3 varies vary VBZ 34701 241 4 in in IN 34701 241 5 different different JJ 34701 241 6 engines engine NNS 34701 241 7 , , , 34701 241 8 being be VBG 34701 241 9 greater great JJR 34701 241 10 in in IN 34701 241 11 high high JJ 34701 241 12 - - HYPH 34701 241 13 speed speed NN 34701 241 14 than than IN 34701 241 15 in in IN 34701 241 16 low low JJ 34701 241 17 - - HYPH 34701 241 18 speed speed NN 34701 241 19 types type NNS 34701 241 20 . . . 34701 242 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 242 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 242 3 : : : 34701 242 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 242 5 . . . 34701 243 1 9 9 CD 34701 243 2 . . . 34701 244 1 Illustration illustration NN 34701 244 2 showing show VBG 34701 244 3 Lead lead NN 34701 244 4 of of IN 34701 244 5 Slide Slide NNP 34701 244 6 Valve valve NN 34701 244 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 244 8 [ [ -LRB- 34701 244 9 Illustration illustration NN 34701 244 10 : : : 34701 244 11 Fig Fig NNP 34701 244 12 . . . 34701 245 1 10 10 CD 34701 245 2 . . . 34701 246 1 Diagrammatical diagrammatical JJ 34701 246 2 View View NNP 34701 246 3 of of IN 34701 246 4 Eccentric Eccentric NNP 34701 246 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 246 6 The the DT 34701 246 7 Eccentric Eccentric NNP 34701 246 8 The the DT 34701 246 9 slide slide NN 34701 246 10 valve valve NN 34701 246 11 is be VBZ 34701 246 12 usually usually RB 34701 246 13 driven drive VBN 34701 246 14 by by IN 34701 246 15 an an DT 34701 246 16 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 246 17 attached attach VBN 34701 246 18 to to IN 34701 246 19 the the DT 34701 246 20 main main JJ 34701 246 21 shaft shaft NN 34701 246 22 . . . 34701 247 1 A a DT 34701 247 2 diagram diagram NN 34701 247 3 of of IN 34701 247 4 an an DT 34701 247 5 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 247 6 is be VBZ 34701 247 7 shown show VBN 34701 247 8 in in IN 34701 247 9 Fig Fig NNP 34701 247 10 . . . 34701 248 1 10 10 CD 34701 248 2 . . . 34701 249 1 An an DT 34701 249 2 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 249 3 is be VBZ 34701 249 4 , , , 34701 249 5 in in IN 34701 249 6 reality reality NN 34701 249 7 , , , 34701 249 8 a a DT 34701 249 9 short short JJ 34701 249 10 crank crank NN 34701 249 11 with with IN 34701 249 12 a a DT 34701 249 13 crank crank NN 34701 249 14 - - HYPH 34701 249 15 pin pin NN 34701 249 16 of of IN 34701 249 17 such such JJ 34701 249 18 size size NN 34701 249 19 that that WDT 34701 249 20 it -PRON- PRP 34701 249 21 surrounds surround VBZ 34701 249 22 the the DT 34701 249 23 shaft shaft NN 34701 249 24 . . . 34701 250 1 The the DT 34701 250 2 arm arm NN 34701 250 3 of of IN 34701 250 4 a a DT 34701 250 5 crank crank NN 34701 250 6 is be VBZ 34701 250 7 the the DT 34701 250 8 distance distance NN 34701 250 9 between between IN 34701 250 10 the the DT 34701 250 11 center center NN 34701 250 12 of of IN 34701 250 13 the the DT 34701 250 14 shaft shaft NN 34701 250 15 , , , 34701 250 16 and and CC 34701 250 17 the the DT 34701 250 18 center center NN 34701 250 19 of of IN 34701 250 20 the the DT 34701 250 21 crank crank NNP 34701 250 22 - - HYPH 34701 250 23 pin pin NNP 34701 250 24 . . . 34701 251 1 The the DT 34701 251 2 throw throw NN 34701 251 3 of of IN 34701 251 4 an an DT 34701 251 5 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 251 6 corresponds correspond NNS 34701 251 7 to to IN 34701 251 8 this this DT 34701 251 9 , , , 34701 251 10 and and CC 34701 251 11 is be VBZ 34701 251 12 the the DT 34701 251 13 distance distance NN 34701 251 14 between between IN 34701 251 15 the the DT 34701 251 16 center center NN 34701 251 17 of of IN 34701 251 18 the the DT 34701 251 19 shaft shaft NN 34701 251 20 and and CC 34701 251 21 the the DT 34701 251 22 center center NN 34701 251 23 of of IN 34701 251 24 the the DT 34701 251 25 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 251 26 disk disk NN 34701 251 27 , , , 34701 251 28 as as IN 34701 251 29 shown show VBN 34701 251 30 at at IN 34701 251 31 _ _ NNP 34701 251 32 a a DT 34701 251 33 _ _ NNP 34701 251 34 in in IN 34701 251 35 Fig Fig NNP 34701 251 36 . . . 34701 252 1 10 10 CD 34701 252 2 . . . 34701 253 1 The the DT 34701 253 2 disk disk NN 34701 253 3 is be VBZ 34701 253 4 keyed keyed JJ 34701 253 5 to to IN 34701 253 6 the the DT 34701 253 7 shaft shaft NN 34701 253 8 , , , 34701 253 9 and and CC 34701 253 10 as as IN 34701 253 11 the the DT 34701 253 12 shaft shaft NN 34701 253 13 revolves revolve VBZ 34701 253 14 , , , 34701 253 15 the the DT 34701 253 16 center center NN 34701 253 17 of of IN 34701 253 18 the the DT 34701 253 19 disk disk NN 34701 253 20 rotates rotate VBZ 34701 253 21 about about IN 34701 253 22 it -PRON- PRP 34701 253 23 as as IN 34701 253 24 shown show VBN 34701 253 25 by by IN 34701 253 26 the the DT 34701 253 27 dotted dotted JJ 34701 253 28 line line NN 34701 253 29 , , , 34701 253 30 and and CC 34701 253 31 gives give VBZ 34701 253 32 a a DT 34701 253 33 forward forward RB 34701 253 34 and and CC 34701 253 35 backward backward JJ 34701 253 36 movement movement NN 34701 253 37 to to IN 34701 253 38 the the DT 34701 253 39 valve valve NN 34701 253 40 rod rod NN 34701 253 41 equal equal JJ 34701 253 42 to to TO 34701 253 43 twice twice PDT 34701 253 44 the the DT 34701 253 45 throw throw NN 34701 253 46 _ _ NNP 34701 253 47 a a DT 34701 253 48 _ _ NNP 34701 253 49 . . . 34701 254 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 254 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 254 3 : : : 34701 254 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 254 5 . . . 34701 255 1 11 11 CD 34701 255 2 . . . 34701 256 1 Relations relation NNS 34701 256 2 of of IN 34701 256 3 Crank Crank NNP 34701 256 4 and and CC 34701 256 5 Eccentric Eccentric NNP 34701 256 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 256 7 In in IN 34701 256 8 Fig Fig NNP 34701 256 9 . . . 34701 257 1 11 11 CD 34701 257 2 let let VBD 34701 257 3 _ _ NNP 34701 257 4 A A NNP 34701 257 5 _ _ NNP 34701 257 6 represent represent NN 34701 257 7 the the DT 34701 257 8 center center NN 34701 257 9 of of IN 34701 257 10 the the DT 34701 257 11 main main JJ 34701 257 12 shaft shaft NN 34701 257 13 , , , 34701 257 14 _ _ NNP 34701 257 15 B B NNP 34701 257 16 _ _ NNP 34701 257 17 the the DT 34701 257 18 crank crank NN 34701 257 19 - - HYPH 34701 257 20 pin pin NN 34701 257 21 to to IN 34701 257 22 which which WDT 34701 257 23 the the DT 34701 257 24 connecting connect VBG 34701 257 25 - - HYPH 34701 257 26 rod rod NN 34701 257 27 is be VBZ 34701 257 28 attached attach VBN 34701 257 29 ( ( -LRB- 34701 257 30 see see VB 34701 257 31 _ _ NNP 34701 257 32 H H NNP 34701 257 33 _ _ NNP 34701 257 34 , , , 34701 257 35 Fig Fig NNP 34701 257 36 . . . 34701 258 1 1 1 LS 34701 258 2 ) ) -RRB- 34701 258 3 , , , 34701 258 4 and and CC 34701 258 5 the the DT 34701 258 6 dotted dotted JJ 34701 258 7 circle circle NN 34701 258 8 through through IN 34701 258 9 _ _ NNP 34701 258 10 B B NNP 34701 258 11 _ _ NNP 34701 258 12 the the DT 34701 258 13 path path NN 34701 258 14 of of IN 34701 258 15 the the DT 34701 258 16 crank crank NN 34701 258 17 - - HYPH 34701 258 18 pin pin VB 34701 258 19 around around IN 34701 258 20 the the DT 34701 258 21 shaft shaft NN 34701 258 22 . . . 34701 259 1 For for IN 34701 259 2 simplicity simplicity NN 34701 259 3 , , , 34701 259 4 let let VB 34701 259 5 the the DT 34701 259 6 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 259 7 be be VB 34701 259 8 represented represent VBN 34701 259 9 in in IN 34701 259 10 a a DT 34701 259 11 similar similar JJ 34701 259 12 manner manner NN 34701 259 13 by by IN 34701 259 14 the the DT 34701 259 15 crank crank NN 34701 259 16 _ _ NNP 34701 259 17 Ab Ab NNP 34701 259 18 _ _ NNP 34701 259 19 , , , 34701 259 20 and and CC 34701 259 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 259 22 path path NN 34701 259 23 by by IN 34701 259 24 the the DT 34701 259 25 dotted dotted JJ 34701 259 26 circle circle NN 34701 259 27 through through IN 34701 259 28 _ _ NNP 34701 259 29 b b NNP 34701 259 30 _ _ NNP 34701 259 31 . . . 34701 260 1 Fig fig NN 34701 260 2 . . . 34701 261 1 12 12 CD 34701 261 2 shows show VBZ 34701 261 3 a a DT 34701 261 4 similar similar JJ 34701 261 5 diagram diagram NN 34701 261 6 with with IN 34701 261 7 the the DT 34701 261 8 piston piston NN 34701 261 9 _ _ NNP 34701 261 10 P P NNP 34701 261 11 _ _ NNP 34701 261 12 and and CC 34701 261 13 the the DT 34701 261 14 valve valve NN 34701 261 15 in in IN 34701 261 16 the the DT 34701 261 17 positions position NNS 34701 261 18 corresponding correspond VBG 34701 261 19 to to IN 34701 261 20 the the DT 34701 261 21 positions position NNS 34701 261 22 of of IN 34701 261 23 the the DT 34701 261 24 crank crank NN 34701 261 25 and and CC 34701 261 26 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 261 27 in in IN 34701 261 28 Fig Fig NNP 34701 261 29 . . . 34701 262 1 11 11 CD 34701 262 2 , , , 34701 262 3 and and CC 34701 262 4 in in IN 34701 262 5 the the DT 34701 262 6 diagram diagram NN 34701 262 7 at at IN 34701 262 8 the the DT 34701 262 9 right right NN 34701 262 10 in in IN 34701 262 11 Fig Fig NNP 34701 262 12 . . . 34701 263 1 12 12 CD 34701 263 2 . . . 34701 264 1 The the DT 34701 264 2 piston piston NN 34701 264 3 is be VBZ 34701 264 4 at at IN 34701 264 5 the the DT 34701 264 6 extreme extreme JJ 34701 264 7 left left NN 34701 264 8 , , , 34701 264 9 ready ready JJ 34701 264 10 to to TO 34701 264 11 start start VB 34701 264 12 on on IN 34701 264 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 264 14 forward forward JJ 34701 264 15 stroke stroke NN 34701 264 16 toward toward IN 34701 264 17 the the DT 34701 264 18 right right NN 34701 264 19 . . . 34701 265 1 The the DT 34701 265 2 crank crank NN 34701 265 3 - - HYPH 34701 265 4 pin pin NN 34701 265 5 _ _ NNP 34701 265 6 B B NNP 34701 265 7 _ _ NNP 34701 265 8 is be VBZ 34701 265 9 at at IN 34701 265 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 265 11 extreme extreme JJ 34701 265 12 inner inner JJ 34701 265 13 position position NN 34701 265 14 . . . 34701 266 1 When when WRB 34701 266 2 the the DT 34701 266 3 valve valve NN 34701 266 4 is be VBZ 34701 266 5 at at IN 34701 266 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 266 7 mid mid NN 34701 266 8 - - NN 34701 266 9 position position NN 34701 266 10 , , , 34701 266 11 as as IN 34701 266 12 in in IN 34701 266 13 Fig Fig NNP 34701 266 14 . . . 34701 267 1 8 8 CD 34701 267 2 , , , 34701 267 3 the the DT 34701 267 4 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 267 5 arm arm NN 34701 267 6 _ _ NNP 34701 267 7 Ab Ab NNP 34701 267 8 _ _ NNP 34701 267 9 will will MD 34701 267 10 coincide coincide VB 34701 267 11 with with IN 34701 267 12 the the DT 34701 267 13 line line NN 34701 267 14 _ _ NNP 34701 267 15 AC AC NNP 34701 267 16 _ _ NNP 34701 267 17 , , , 34701 267 18 Fig Fig NNP 34701 267 19 . . . 34701 268 1 11 11 CD 34701 268 2 . . . 34701 269 1 If if IN 34701 269 2 the the DT 34701 269 3 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 269 4 is be VBZ 34701 269 5 turned turn VBN 34701 269 6 on on RP 34701 269 7 the the DT 34701 269 8 shaft shaft NN 34701 269 9 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34701 269 10 to to TO 34701 269 11 bring bring VB 34701 269 12 the the DT 34701 269 13 left left JJ 34701 269 14 - - HYPH 34701 269 15 hand hand NN 34701 269 16 edge edge NN 34701 269 17 _ _ NNP 34701 269 18 O O NNP 34701 269 19 _ _ NNP 34701 269 20 , , , 34701 269 21 Fig Fig NNP 34701 269 22 . . . 34701 270 1 8 8 CD 34701 270 2 , , , 34701 270 3 of of IN 34701 270 4 the the DT 34701 270 5 valve valve NN 34701 270 6 in in IN 34701 270 7 line line NN 34701 270 8 with with IN 34701 270 9 the the DT 34701 270 10 edge edge NN 34701 270 11 _ _ NNP 34701 270 12 C C NNP 34701 270 13 _ _ NNP 34701 270 14 of of IN 34701 270 15 the the DT 34701 270 16 port port NN 34701 270 17 , , , 34701 270 18 the the DT 34701 270 19 arm arm NN 34701 270 20 of of IN 34701 270 21 the the DT 34701 270 22 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 270 23 will will MD 34701 270 24 have have VB 34701 270 25 moved move VBN 34701 270 26 from from IN 34701 270 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 270 28 vertical vertical JJ 34701 270 29 position position NN 34701 270 30 to to IN 34701 270 31 that that DT 34701 270 32 shown show VBN 34701 270 33 by by IN 34701 270 34 the the DT 34701 270 35 line line NN 34701 270 36 _ _ NNP 34701 270 37 Ab Ab NNP 34701 270 38 ´ ´ NNP 34701 270 39 _ _ NNP 34701 270 40 in in IN 34701 270 41 Fig Fig NNP 34701 270 42 . . . 34701 271 1 11 11 CD 34701 271 2 . . . 34701 272 1 The the DT 34701 272 2 angle angle NN 34701 272 3 through through IN 34701 272 4 which which WDT 34701 272 5 the the DT 34701 272 6 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 272 7 has have VBZ 34701 272 8 been be VBN 34701 272 9 turned turn VBN 34701 272 10 from from IN 34701 272 11 the the DT 34701 272 12 vertical vertical JJ 34701 272 13 to to TO 34701 272 14 bring bring VB 34701 272 15 about about RP 34701 272 16 this this DT 34701 272 17 result result NN 34701 272 18 is be VBZ 34701 272 19 called call VBN 34701 272 20 the the DT 34701 272 21 _ _ NNP 34701 272 22 angular angular JJ 34701 272 23 advance advance NN 34701 272 24 _ _ NNP 34701 272 25 , , , 34701 272 26 and and CC 34701 272 27 is be VBZ 34701 272 28 shown show VBN 34701 272 29 by by IN 34701 272 30 angle angle NNP 34701 272 31 _ _ NNP 34701 272 32 CAb CAb NNP 34701 272 33 ´ ´ NNP 34701 272 34 _ _ NNP 34701 272 35 in in IN 34701 272 36 Fig Fig NNP 34701 272 37 . . . 34701 273 1 11 11 CD 34701 273 2 . . . 34701 274 1 The the DT 34701 274 2 angular angular JJ 34701 274 3 advance advance NN 34701 274 4 evidently evidently RB 34701 274 5 depends depend VBZ 34701 274 6 upon upon IN 34701 274 7 the the DT 34701 274 8 amount amount NN 34701 274 9 of of IN 34701 274 10 lap lap NN 34701 274 11 . . . 34701 275 1 If if IN 34701 275 2 the the DT 34701 275 3 valve valve NN 34701 275 4 is be VBZ 34701 275 5 to to TO 34701 275 6 be be VB 34701 275 7 given give VBN 34701 275 8 a a DT 34701 275 9 lead lead NN 34701 275 10 , , , 34701 275 11 as as IN 34701 275 12 indicated indicate VBN 34701 275 13 in in IN 34701 275 14 Fig Fig NNP 34701 275 15 . . . 34701 276 1 12 12 CD 34701 276 2 , , , 34701 276 3 the the DT 34701 276 4 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 276 5 must must MD 34701 276 6 be be VB 34701 276 7 turned turn VBN 34701 276 8 still still RB 34701 276 9 further further RB 34701 276 10 on on IN 34701 276 11 the the DT 34701 276 12 shaft shaft NN 34701 276 13 to to TO 34701 276 14 open open VB 34701 276 15 the the DT 34701 276 16 valve valve NN 34701 276 17 slightly slightly RB 34701 276 18 before before IN 34701 276 19 the the DT 34701 276 20 piston piston NN 34701 276 21 starts start VBZ 34701 276 22 on on IN 34701 276 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 276 24 forward forward JJ 34701 276 25 movement movement NN 34701 276 26 . . . 34701 277 1 This this DT 34701 277 2 brings bring VBZ 34701 277 3 the the DT 34701 277 4 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 277 5 to to IN 34701 277 6 the the DT 34701 277 7 position position NN 34701 277 8 _ _ NNP 34701 277 9 Ab Ab NNP 34701 277 10 _ _ NNP 34701 277 11 shown show VBN 34701 277 12 in in IN 34701 277 13 Fig Fig NNP 34701 277 14 . . . 34701 278 1 11 11 CD 34701 278 2 . . . 34701 279 1 The the DT 34701 279 2 angle angle NN 34701 279 3 through through IN 34701 279 4 which which WDT 34701 279 5 the the DT 34701 279 6 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 279 7 is be VBZ 34701 279 8 turned turn VBN 34701 279 9 to to TO 34701 279 10 give give VB 34701 279 11 the the DT 34701 279 12 necessary necessary JJ 34701 279 13 lead lead NN 34701 279 14 opening open VBG 34701 279 15 to to IN 34701 279 16 the the DT 34701 279 17 valve valve NN 34701 279 18 is be VBZ 34701 279 19 called call VBN 34701 279 20 the the DT 34701 279 21 _ _ NNP 34701 279 22 angle angle NN 34701 279 23 of of IN 34701 279 24 lead lead NN 34701 279 25 _ _ NNP 34701 279 26 , , , 34701 279 27 and and CC 34701 279 28 is be VBZ 34701 279 29 shown show VBN 34701 279 30 by by IN 34701 279 31 angle angle NNP 34701 279 32 _ _ NNP 34701 279 33 b´Ab b´ab NN 34701 279 34 _ _ NNP 34701 279 35 . . . 34701 280 1 By by IN 34701 280 2 reference reference NN 34701 280 3 to to IN 34701 280 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 280 5 . . . 34701 281 1 11 11 CD 34701 281 2 , , , 34701 281 3 it -PRON- PRP 34701 281 4 is be VBZ 34701 281 5 seen see VBN 34701 281 6 that that IN 34701 281 7 the the DT 34701 281 8 total total JJ 34701 281 9 angle angle NN 34701 281 10 between between IN 34701 281 11 the the DT 34701 281 12 crank crank NN 34701 281 13 and and CC 34701 281 14 the the DT 34701 281 15 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 281 16 is be VBZ 34701 281 17 90 90 CD 34701 281 18 degrees degree NNS 34701 281 19 , , , 34701 281 20 plus plus CC 34701 281 21 the the DT 34701 281 22 angular angular JJ 34701 281 23 advance advance NN 34701 281 24 , , , 34701 281 25 plus plus CC 34701 281 26 the the DT 34701 281 27 angle angle NN 34701 281 28 of of IN 34701 281 29 lead lead NN 34701 281 30 . . . 34701 282 1 This this DT 34701 282 2 is be VBZ 34701 282 3 the the DT 34701 282 4 total total JJ 34701 282 5 angle angle NN 34701 282 6 of of IN 34701 282 7 advance advance NN 34701 282 8 . . . 34701 283 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 283 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 283 3 : : : 34701 283 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 283 5 . . . 34701 284 1 12 12 CD 34701 284 2 . . . 34701 285 1 Piston Piston NNP 34701 285 2 just just RB 34701 285 3 beginning begin VBG 34701 285 4 Forward Forward NNP 34701 285 5 Stroke Stroke NNP 34701 285 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 285 7 The the DT 34701 285 8 relative relative JJ 34701 285 9 positions position NNS 34701 285 10 of of IN 34701 285 11 the the DT 34701 285 12 piston piston NN 34701 285 13 and and CC 34701 285 14 valve valve NN 34701 285 15 at at IN 34701 285 16 different different JJ 34701 285 17 periods period NNS 34701 285 18 of of IN 34701 285 19 the the DT 34701 285 20 stroke stroke NN 34701 285 21 are be VBP 34701 285 22 illustrated illustrate VBN 34701 285 23 in in IN 34701 285 24 Figs Figs NNP 34701 285 25 . . . 34701 286 1 12 12 CD 34701 286 2 to to TO 34701 286 3 16 16 CD 34701 286 4 . . . 34701 287 1 Fig fig NN 34701 287 2 . . . 34701 288 1 12 12 CD 34701 288 2 shows show VBZ 34701 288 3 the the DT 34701 288 4 piston piston NN 34701 288 5 just just RB 34701 288 6 beginning begin VBG 34701 288 7 the the DT 34701 288 8 forward forward JJ 34701 288 9 stroke stroke NN 34701 288 10 , , , 34701 288 11 the the DT 34701 288 12 valve valve NN 34701 288 13 having have VBG 34701 288 14 uncovered uncover VBN 34701 288 15 the the DT 34701 288 16 admission admission NN 34701 288 17 port port NN 34701 288 18 an an DT 34701 288 19 amount amount NN 34701 288 20 equal equal JJ 34701 288 21 to to IN 34701 288 22 the the DT 34701 288 23 lead lead NN 34701 288 24 . . . 34701 289 1 The the DT 34701 289 2 crank crank NN 34701 289 3 is be VBZ 34701 289 4 in in IN 34701 289 5 a a DT 34701 289 6 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 289 7 position position NN 34701 289 8 , , , 34701 289 9 and and CC 34701 289 10 the the DT 34701 289 11 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 289 12 has have VBZ 34701 289 13 moved move VBN 34701 289 14 from from IN 34701 289 15 the the DT 34701 289 16 vertical vertical JJ 34701 289 17 an an DT 34701 289 18 amount amount NN 34701 289 19 sufficient sufficient JJ 34701 289 20 to to TO 34701 289 21 move move VB 34701 289 22 the the DT 34701 289 23 valve valve NN 34701 289 24 toward toward IN 34701 289 25 the the DT 34701 289 26 right right NN 34701 289 27 a a DT 34701 289 28 distance distance NN 34701 289 29 equal equal JJ 34701 289 30 to to IN 34701 289 31 the the DT 34701 289 32 outside outside JJ 34701 289 33 lap lap NN 34701 289 34 plus plus CC 34701 289 35 the the DT 34701 289 36 lead lead NN 34701 289 37 . . . 34701 290 1 The the DT 34701 290 2 arrows arrow NNS 34701 290 3 show show VBP 34701 290 4 that that IN 34701 290 5 steam steam NN 34701 290 6 is be VBZ 34701 290 7 entering enter VBG 34701 290 8 the the DT 34701 290 9 left left JJ 34701 290 10 - - HYPH 34701 290 11 hand hand NN 34701 290 12 port port NN 34701 290 13 and and CC 34701 290 14 is be VBZ 34701 290 15 being be VBG 34701 290 16 exhausted exhaust VBN 34701 290 17 through through IN 34701 290 18 the the DT 34701 290 19 right right JJ 34701 290 20 - - HYPH 34701 290 21 hand hand NN 34701 290 22 port port NN 34701 290 23 . . . 34701 291 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 291 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 291 3 : : : 34701 291 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 291 5 . . . 34701 292 1 13 13 CD 34701 292 2 . . . 34701 293 1 Steam Steam NNP 34701 293 2 Port Port NNP 34701 293 3 fully fully RB 34701 293 4 Opened open VBN 34701 293 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 293 6 In in IN 34701 293 7 Fig Fig NNP 34701 293 8 . . . 34701 294 1 13 13 CD 34701 294 2 it -PRON- PRP 34701 294 3 is be VBZ 34701 294 4 seen see VBN 34701 294 5 that that IN 34701 294 6 the the DT 34701 294 7 valve valve NN 34701 294 8 has have VBZ 34701 294 9 traveled travel VBN 34701 294 10 forward forward RB 34701 294 11 sufficiently sufficiently RB 34701 294 12 to to TO 34701 294 13 open open VB 34701 294 14 the the DT 34701 294 15 steam steam NN 34701 294 16 port port NN 34701 294 17 to to IN 34701 294 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 294 19 fullest full JJS 34701 294 20 extent extent NN 34701 294 21 , , , 34701 294 22 and and CC 34701 294 23 the the DT 34701 294 24 piston piston NN 34701 294 25 has have VBZ 34701 294 26 moved move VBN 34701 294 27 to to IN 34701 294 28 the the DT 34701 294 29 point point NN 34701 294 30 indicated indicate VBN 34701 294 31 . . . 34701 295 1 The the DT 34701 295 2 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 295 3 port port NN 34701 295 4 is be VBZ 34701 295 5 still still RB 34701 295 6 wide wide RB 34701 295 7 open open JJ 34701 295 8 , , , 34701 295 9 and and CC 34701 295 10 the the DT 34701 295 11 relative relative JJ 34701 295 12 positions position NNS 34701 295 13 of of IN 34701 295 14 the the DT 34701 295 15 crank crank NN 34701 295 16 and and CC 34701 295 17 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 295 18 are be VBP 34701 295 19 shown show VBN 34701 295 20 in in IN 34701 295 21 the the DT 34701 295 22 diagram diagram NN 34701 295 23 at at IN 34701 295 24 the the DT 34701 295 25 right right NN 34701 295 26 . . . 34701 296 1 In in IN 34701 296 2 Fig Fig NNP 34701 296 3 . . . 34701 297 1 14 14 CD 34701 297 2 the the DT 34701 297 3 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 297 4 has have VBZ 34701 297 5 passed pass VBN 34701 297 6 the the DT 34701 297 7 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 297 8 position position NN 34701 297 9 and and CC 34701 297 10 the the DT 34701 297 11 valve valve NN 34701 297 12 has have VBZ 34701 297 13 started start VBN 34701 297 14 on on IN 34701 297 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 297 16 backward backward JJ 34701 297 17 stroke stroke NN 34701 297 18 , , , 34701 297 19 while while IN 34701 297 20 the the DT 34701 297 21 piston piston NN 34701 297 22 is be VBZ 34701 297 23 still still RB 34701 297 24 moving move VBG 34701 297 25 forward forward RB 34701 297 26 . . . 34701 298 1 The the DT 34701 298 2 admission admission NN 34701 298 3 port port NN 34701 298 4 is be VBZ 34701 298 5 closed close VBN 34701 298 6 , , , 34701 298 7 cut cut VBN 34701 298 8 - - HYPH 34701 298 9 off off RP 34701 298 10 having have VBG 34701 298 11 taken take VBN 34701 298 12 place place NN 34701 298 13 , , , 34701 298 14 and and CC 34701 298 15 the the DT 34701 298 16 steam steam NN 34701 298 17 is be VBZ 34701 298 18 expanding expand VBG 34701 298 19 . . . 34701 299 1 The the DT 34701 299 2 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 299 3 port port NN 34701 299 4 is be VBZ 34701 299 5 still still RB 34701 299 6 partially partially RB 34701 299 7 open open JJ 34701 299 8 . . . 34701 300 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 300 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 300 3 : : : 34701 300 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 300 5 . . . 34701 301 1 14 14 CD 34701 301 2 . . . 34701 302 1 Valve Valve NNP 34701 302 2 has have VBZ 34701 302 3 started start VBN 34701 302 4 on on IN 34701 302 5 Backward Backward NNP 34701 302 6 Stroke Stroke NNP 34701 302 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 302 8 [ [ -LRB- 34701 302 9 Illustration illustration NN 34701 302 10 : : : 34701 302 11 Fig Fig NNP 34701 302 12 . . . 34701 303 1 15 15 CD 34701 303 2 . . . 34701 304 1 Both both DT 34701 304 2 Steam Steam NNP 34701 304 3 Ports Ports NNPS 34701 304 4 Closed close VBD 34701 304 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 304 6 In in IN 34701 304 7 Fig Fig NNP 34701 304 8 . . . 34701 305 1 15 15 CD 34701 305 2 both both DT 34701 305 3 ports port NNS 34701 305 4 are be VBP 34701 305 5 closed closed JJ 34701 305 6 and and CC 34701 305 7 compression compression NN 34701 305 8 is be VBZ 34701 305 9 taking take VBG 34701 305 10 place place NN 34701 305 11 in in IN 34701 305 12 front front NN 34701 305 13 of of IN 34701 305 14 the the DT 34701 305 15 piston piston NN 34701 305 16 while while IN 34701 305 17 expansion expansion NN 34701 305 18 continues continue VBZ 34701 305 19 back back RB 34701 305 20 of of IN 34701 305 21 it -PRON- PRP 34701 305 22 . . . 34701 306 1 Release release NN 34701 306 2 occurs occur VBZ 34701 306 3 in in IN 34701 306 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 306 5 . . . 34701 307 1 16 16 CD 34701 307 2 just just RB 34701 307 3 before before IN 34701 307 4 the the DT 34701 307 5 piston piston NN 34701 307 6 reaches reach VBZ 34701 307 7 the the DT 34701 307 8 end end NN 34701 307 9 of of IN 34701 307 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 307 11 stroke stroke NN 34701 307 12 . . . 34701 308 1 The the DT 34701 308 2 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 308 3 crank crank NN 34701 308 4 is be VBZ 34701 308 5 now now RB 34701 308 6 in in IN 34701 308 7 a a DT 34701 308 8 vertical vertical JJ 34701 308 9 position position NN 34701 308 10 , , , 34701 308 11 pointing point VBG 34701 308 12 downward downward RB 34701 308 13 , , , 34701 308 14 and and CC 34701 308 15 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 308 16 is be VBZ 34701 308 17 just just RB 34701 308 18 beginning begin VBG 34701 308 19 to to TO 34701 308 20 take take VB 34701 308 21 place place NN 34701 308 22 through through IN 34701 308 23 the the DT 34701 308 24 left left JJ 34701 308 25 - - HYPH 34701 308 26 hand hand NN 34701 308 27 port port NN 34701 308 28 . . . 34701 309 1 This this DT 34701 309 2 completes complete VBZ 34701 309 3 the the DT 34701 309 4 different different JJ 34701 309 5 stages stage NNS 34701 309 6 of of IN 34701 309 7 a a DT 34701 309 8 single single JJ 34701 309 9 stroke stroke NN 34701 309 10 , , , 34701 309 11 the the DT 34701 309 12 same same JJ 34701 309 13 features feature NNS 34701 309 14 being be VBG 34701 309 15 repeated repeat VBN 34701 309 16 upon upon IN 34701 309 17 the the DT 34701 309 18 return return NN 34701 309 19 of of IN 34701 309 20 the the DT 34701 309 21 piston piston NN 34701 309 22 to to IN 34701 309 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 309 24 original original JJ 34701 309 25 position position NN 34701 309 26 . . . 34701 310 1 The the DT 34701 310 2 conditions condition NNS 34701 310 3 of of IN 34701 310 4 lap lap NN 34701 310 5 , , , 34701 310 6 lead lead NN 34701 310 7 , , , 34701 310 8 angular angular JJ 34701 310 9 advance advance NN 34701 310 10 , , , 34701 310 11 etc etc FW 34701 310 12 . . FW 34701 310 13 , , , 34701 310 14 pertain pertain NN 34701 310 15 to to TO 34701 310 16 practically practically RB 34701 310 17 all all DT 34701 310 18 valves valve NNS 34701 310 19 , , , 34701 310 20 whatever whatever WDT 34701 310 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 34701 310 22 design design NN 34701 310 23 . . . 34701 311 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 311 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 311 3 : : : 34701 311 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 311 5 . . . 34701 312 1 16 16 CD 34701 312 2 . . . 34701 313 1 Exhaust Exhaust NNP 34701 313 2 Begins begin VBZ 34701 313 3 ] ] -RRB- 34701 313 4 Different different JJ 34701 313 5 Types type NNS 34701 313 6 of of IN 34701 313 7 Valves valve NNS 34701 313 8 In in IN 34701 313 9 the the DT 34701 313 10 following follow VBG 34701 313 11 are be VBP 34701 313 12 shown show VBN 34701 313 13 some some DT 34701 313 14 of of IN 34701 313 15 the the DT 34701 313 16 valves valve NNS 34701 313 17 in in IN 34701 313 18 common common JJ 34701 313 19 use use NN 34701 313 20 , , , 34701 313 21 being be VBG 34701 313 22 , , , 34701 313 23 with with IN 34701 313 24 the the DT 34701 313 25 exception exception NN 34701 313 26 of of IN 34701 313 27 the the DT 34701 313 28 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 313 29 , , , 34701 313 30 modifications modification NNS 34701 313 31 of of IN 34701 313 32 the the DT 34701 313 33 plain plain JJ 34701 313 34 slide slide NN 34701 313 35 valve valve NN 34701 313 36 , , , 34701 313 37 and and CC 34701 313 38 similar similar JJ 34701 313 39 in in IN 34701 313 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 34701 313 41 action action NN 34701 313 42 . . . 34701 314 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 314 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 314 3 : : : 34701 314 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 314 5 . . . 34701 315 1 17 17 CD 34701 315 2 . . . 34701 316 1 Engine engine NN 34701 316 2 with with IN 34701 316 3 Piston Piston NNP 34701 316 4 Valve Valve NNP 34701 316 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 316 6 _ _ NNP 34701 316 7 Double Double NNP 34701 316 8 - - HYPH 34701 316 9 Ported port VBN 34701 316 10 Balanced Balanced NNP 34701 316 11 Valve._--A Valve._--A NNS 34701 316 12 valve valve NN 34701 316 13 of of IN 34701 316 14 this this DT 34701 316 15 type type NN 34701 316 16 has have VBZ 34701 316 17 already already RB 34701 316 18 been be VBN 34701 316 19 shown show VBN 34701 316 20 in in IN 34701 316 21 Fig Fig NNP 34701 316 22 . . . 34701 317 1 2 2 LS 34701 317 2 . . . 34701 318 1 This this DT 34701 318 2 valve valve NN 34701 318 3 is be VBZ 34701 318 4 flat flat JJ 34701 318 5 in in IN 34701 318 6 form form NN 34701 318 7 , , , 34701 318 8 with with IN 34701 318 9 two two CD 34701 318 10 finished finished JJ 34701 318 11 surfaces surface NNS 34701 318 12 , , , 34701 318 13 and and CC 34701 318 14 works work VBZ 34701 318 15 between between IN 34701 318 16 the the DT 34701 318 17 valve valve NN 34701 318 18 - - HYPH 34701 318 19 seat seat NN 34701 318 20 and and CC 34701 318 21 a a DT 34701 318 22 plate plate NN 34701 318 23 , , , 34701 318 24 the the DT 34701 318 25 latter latter JJ 34701 318 26 being be VBG 34701 318 27 prevented prevent VBN 34701 318 28 from from IN 34701 318 29 pressing press VBG 34701 318 30 against against IN 34701 318 31 the the DT 34701 318 32 valve valve NN 34701 318 33 by by IN 34701 318 34 special special JJ 34701 318 35 bearing bearing NN 34701 318 36 surfaces surface NNS 34701 318 37 which which WDT 34701 318 38 hold hold VBP 34701 318 39 it -PRON- PRP 34701 318 40 about about RB 34701 318 41 0.002 0.002 CD 34701 318 42 inch inch NN 34701 318 43 away away RB 34701 318 44 . . . 34701 319 1 The the DT 34701 319 2 construction construction NN 34701 319 3 of of IN 34701 319 4 the the DT 34701 319 5 valve valve NN 34701 319 6 is be VBZ 34701 319 7 such such JJ 34701 319 8 that that IN 34701 319 9 when when WRB 34701 319 10 open open VB 34701 319 11 the the DT 34701 319 12 steam steam NN 34701 319 13 reaches reach VBZ 34701 319 14 the the DT 34701 319 15 port port NN 34701 319 16 through through IN 34701 319 17 two two CD 34701 319 18 openings opening NNS 34701 319 19 as as IN 34701 319 20 indicated indicate VBN 34701 319 21 by by IN 34701 319 22 the the DT 34701 319 23 arrows arrow NNS 34701 319 24 at at IN 34701 319 25 the the DT 34701 319 26 left left NN 34701 319 27 . . . 34701 320 1 The the DT 34701 320 2 object object NN 34701 320 3 of of IN 34701 320 4 this this DT 34701 320 5 is be VBZ 34701 320 6 to to TO 34701 320 7 reduce reduce VB 34701 320 8 the the DT 34701 320 9 motion motion NN 34701 320 10 of of IN 34701 320 11 the the DT 34701 320 12 valve valve NN 34701 320 13 and and CC 34701 320 14 quicken quicken VB 34701 320 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 320 16 action action NN 34701 320 17 in in IN 34701 320 18 admitting admit VBG 34701 320 19 and and CC 34701 320 20 cutting cut VBG 34701 320 21 off off RP 34701 320 22 steam steam NN 34701 320 23 . . . 34701 321 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 321 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 321 3 : : : 34701 321 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 321 5 . . . 34701 322 1 18 18 CD 34701 322 2 . . . 34701 323 1 Section section NN 34701 323 2 through through IN 34701 323 3 Cylinder Cylinder NNP 34701 323 4 of of IN 34701 323 5 Engine Engine NNP 34701 323 6 of of IN 34701 323 7 the the DT 34701 323 8 Four four CD 34701 323 9 - - HYPH 34701 323 10 valve valve NN 34701 323 11 Type type NN 34701 323 12 ] ] -RRB- 34701 323 13 [ [ -LRB- 34701 323 14 Illustration illustration NN 34701 323 15 : : : 34701 323 16 Fig Fig NNP 34701 323 17 . . . 34701 324 1 19 19 CD 34701 324 2 . . . 34701 325 1 Different different JJ 34701 325 2 Types type NNS 34701 325 3 of of IN 34701 325 4 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 325 5 Valves Valves NNP 34701 325 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 325 7 _ _ NNP 34701 325 8 Piston Piston NNP 34701 325 9 Valve._--The Valve._--The NNP 34701 325 10 piston piston NN 34701 325 11 valve valve NN 34701 325 12 shown show VBN 34701 325 13 in in IN 34701 325 14 Fig Fig NNP 34701 325 15 . . . 34701 326 1 17 17 CD 34701 326 2 is be VBZ 34701 326 3 identical identical JJ 34701 326 4 in in IN 34701 326 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 326 6 action action NN 34701 326 7 with with IN 34701 326 8 the the DT 34701 326 9 plain plain JJ 34701 326 10 slide slide NN 34701 326 11 valve valve NN 34701 326 12 shown show VBN 34701 326 13 in in IN 34701 326 14 Fig Fig NNP 34701 326 15 . . . 34701 327 1 8 8 LS 34701 327 2 , , , 34701 327 3 except except IN 34701 327 4 that that IN 34701 327 5 it -PRON- PRP 34701 327 6 is be VBZ 34701 327 7 circular circular JJ 34701 327 8 in in IN 34701 327 9 section section NN 34701 327 10 instead instead RB 34701 327 11 of of IN 34701 327 12 being be VBG 34701 327 13 flat flat JJ 34701 327 14 or or CC 34701 327 15 rectangular rectangular JJ 34701 327 16 . . . 34701 328 1 The the DT 34701 328 2 advantage advantage NN 34701 328 3 claimed claim VBD 34701 328 4 for for IN 34701 328 5 this this DT 34701 328 6 type type NN 34701 328 7 of of IN 34701 328 8 valve valve NN 34701 328 9 is be VBZ 34701 328 10 the the DT 34701 328 11 greater great JJR 34701 328 12 ease ease NN 34701 328 13 in in IN 34701 328 14 fitting fitting JJ 34701 328 15 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 34701 328 16 surfaces surface NNS 34701 328 17 as as IN 34701 328 18 compared compare VBN 34701 328 19 with with IN 34701 328 20 flat flat JJ 34701 328 21 ones one NNS 34701 328 22 . . . 34701 329 1 The the DT 34701 329 2 valve valve NN 34701 329 3 slides slide NNS 34701 329 4 in in IN 34701 329 5 special special JJ 34701 329 6 bushings bushing NNS 34701 329 7 which which WDT 34701 329 8 may may MD 34701 329 9 be be VB 34701 329 10 renewed renew VBN 34701 329 11 when when WRB 34701 329 12 worn wear VBN 34701 329 13 . . . 34701 330 1 Piston Piston NNP 34701 330 2 valves valve NNS 34701 330 3 are be VBP 34701 330 4 also also RB 34701 330 5 made make VBN 34701 330 6 with with IN 34701 330 7 double double JJ 34701 330 8 ports port NNS 34701 330 9 . . . 34701 331 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 331 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 331 3 : : : 34701 331 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 331 5 . . . 34701 332 1 20 20 CD 34701 332 2 . . . 34701 333 1 Longitudinal Longitudinal NNP 34701 333 2 Section Section NNP 34701 333 3 through through IN 34701 333 4 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 333 5 Engine Engine NNP 34701 333 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 333 7 [ [ -LRB- 34701 333 8 Illustration illustration NN 34701 333 9 : : : 34701 333 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 333 11 . . . 34701 334 1 21 21 CD 34701 334 2 . . . 34701 335 1 The the DT 34701 335 2 Gridiron Gridiron NNP 34701 335 3 Valve Valve NNP 34701 335 4 ] ] -RRB- 34701 335 5 _ _ NNP 34701 335 6 Four Four NNP 34701 335 7 - - HYPH 34701 335 8 Valve Valve NNP 34701 335 9 Type._--Fig Type._--Fig NNP 34701 335 10 . . . 34701 336 1 18 18 CD 34701 336 2 shows show VBZ 34701 336 3 a a DT 34701 336 4 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 336 5 section section NN 34701 336 6 through through IN 34701 336 7 the the DT 34701 336 8 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 336 9 and and CC 34701 336 10 valves valve NNS 34701 336 11 of of IN 34701 336 12 an an DT 34701 336 13 engine engine NN 34701 336 14 of of IN 34701 336 15 the the DT 34701 336 16 four four CD 34701 336 17 - - HYPH 34701 336 18 valve valve NN 34701 336 19 type type NN 34701 336 20 . . . 34701 337 1 The the DT 34701 337 2 admission admission NN 34701 337 3 valves valve NNS 34701 337 4 are be VBP 34701 337 5 shown show VBN 34701 337 6 at at IN 34701 337 7 the the DT 34701 337 8 top top NN 34701 337 9 of of IN 34701 337 10 the the DT 34701 337 11 illustration illustration NN 34701 337 12 and and CC 34701 337 13 the the DT 34701 337 14 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 337 15 valves valve NNS 34701 337 16 at at IN 34701 337 17 the the DT 34701 337 18 bottom bottom NN 34701 337 19 , , , 34701 337 20 although although IN 34701 337 21 , , , 34701 337 22 in in IN 34701 337 23 reality reality NN 34701 337 24 , , , 34701 337 25 they -PRON- PRP 34701 337 26 are be VBP 34701 337 27 at at IN 34701 337 28 the the DT 34701 337 29 sides side NNS 34701 337 30 of of IN 34701 337 31 the the DT 34701 337 32 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 337 33 . . . 34701 338 1 The the DT 34701 338 2 advantage advantage NN 34701 338 3 of of IN 34701 338 4 an an DT 34701 338 5 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 338 6 of of IN 34701 338 7 this this DT 34701 338 8 kind kind NN 34701 338 9 is be VBZ 34701 338 10 that that IN 34701 338 11 the the DT 34701 338 12 valves valve NNS 34701 338 13 may may MD 34701 338 14 be be VB 34701 338 15 set set VBN 34701 338 16 independently independently RB 34701 338 17 of of IN 34701 338 18 each each DT 34701 338 19 other other JJ 34701 338 20 and and CC 34701 338 21 the the DT 34701 338 22 work work NN 34701 338 23 done do VBN 34701 338 24 by by IN 34701 338 25 the the DT 34701 338 26 two two CD 34701 338 27 ends end NNS 34701 338 28 of of IN 34701 338 29 the the DT 34701 338 30 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 338 31 equalized equalize VBN 34701 338 32 . . . 34701 339 1 The the DT 34701 339 2 various various JJ 34701 339 3 events event NNS 34701 339 4 , , , 34701 339 5 such such JJ 34701 339 6 as as IN 34701 339 7 cut cut VBN 34701 339 8 - - HYPH 34701 339 9 off off NN 34701 339 10 , , , 34701 339 11 compression compression NN 34701 339 12 , , , 34701 339 13 etc etc FW 34701 339 14 . . . 34701 339 15 , , , 34701 339 16 may may MD 34701 339 17 be be VB 34701 339 18 adjusted adjust VBN 34701 339 19 without without IN 34701 339 20 regard regard NN 34701 339 21 to to IN 34701 339 22 each each DT 34701 339 23 other other JJ 34701 339 24 , , , 34701 339 25 and and CC 34701 339 26 in in IN 34701 339 27 such such PDT 34701 339 28 a a DT 34701 339 29 manner manner NN 34701 339 30 as as IN 34701 339 31 to to TO 34701 339 32 give give VB 34701 339 33 the the DT 34701 339 34 best good JJS 34701 339 35 results result NNS 34701 339 36 , , , 34701 339 37 a a DT 34701 339 38 condition condition NN 34701 339 39 which which WDT 34701 339 40 is be VBZ 34701 339 41 not not RB 34701 339 42 possible possible JJ 34701 339 43 with with IN 34701 339 44 a a DT 34701 339 45 single single JJ 34701 339 46 valve valve NN 34701 339 47 . . . 34701 340 1 _ _ NNP 34701 340 2 Gridiron Gridiron NNP 34701 340 3 Valve._--One Valve._--One NNP 34701 340 4 of of IN 34701 340 5 the the DT 34701 340 6 principal principal JJ 34701 340 7 objects object NNS 34701 340 8 sought seek VBN 34701 340 9 in in IN 34701 340 10 the the DT 34701 340 11 design design NN 34701 340 12 of of IN 34701 340 13 a a DT 34701 340 14 valve valve NN 34701 340 15 is be VBZ 34701 340 16 quick quick JJ 34701 340 17 action action NN 34701 340 18 at at IN 34701 340 19 the the DT 34701 340 20 points point NNS 34701 340 21 of of IN 34701 340 22 admission admission NN 34701 340 23 and and CC 34701 340 24 cut cut NN 34701 340 25 - - HYPH 34701 340 26 off off RP 34701 340 27 . . . 34701 341 1 This this DT 34701 341 2 requires require VBZ 34701 341 3 the the DT 34701 341 4 uncovering uncovering NN 34701 341 5 of of IN 34701 341 6 a a DT 34701 341 7 large large JJ 34701 341 8 port port NN 34701 341 9 opening open VBG 34701 341 10 with with IN 34701 341 11 a a DT 34701 341 12 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 341 13 small small JJ 34701 341 14 travel travel NN 34701 341 15 of of IN 34701 341 16 the the DT 34701 341 17 valve valve NN 34701 341 18 . . . 34701 342 1 The the DT 34701 342 2 gridiron gridiron NN 34701 342 3 valve valve NN 34701 342 4 shown show VBN 34701 342 5 in in IN 34701 342 6 Fig Fig NNP 34701 342 7 . . . 34701 343 1 21 21 CD 34701 343 2 is be VBZ 34701 343 3 constructed construct VBN 34701 343 4 especially especially RB 34701 343 5 for for IN 34701 343 6 this this DT 34701 343 7 purpose purpose NN 34701 343 8 . . . 34701 344 1 This this DT 34701 344 2 valve valve NN 34701 344 3 is be VBZ 34701 344 4 of of IN 34701 344 5 the the DT 34701 344 6 four four CD 34701 344 7 - - HYPH 34701 344 8 valve valve NN 34701 344 9 type type NN 34701 344 10 , , , 34701 344 11 one one CD 34701 344 12 steam steam NN 34701 344 13 valve valve NN 34701 344 14 and and CC 34701 344 15 one one CD 34701 344 16 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 344 17 valve valve NN 34701 344 18 being be VBG 34701 344 19 shown show VBN 34701 344 20 in in IN 34701 344 21 the the DT 34701 344 22 section section NN 34701 344 23 . . . 34701 345 1 Both both DT 34701 345 2 the the DT 34701 345 3 valve valve NN 34701 345 4 and and CC 34701 345 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 345 6 seat seat NN 34701 345 7 contain contain VBP 34701 345 8 a a DT 34701 345 9 number number NN 34701 345 10 of of IN 34701 345 11 narrow narrow JJ 34701 345 12 openings opening NNS 34701 345 13 or or CC 34701 345 14 ports port NNS 34701 345 15 , , , 34701 345 16 so so IN 34701 345 17 that that IN 34701 345 18 a a DT 34701 345 19 short short JJ 34701 345 20 movement movement NN 34701 345 21 of of IN 34701 345 22 the the DT 34701 345 23 valve valve NN 34701 345 24 will will MD 34701 345 25 open open VB 34701 345 26 or or CC 34701 345 27 close close VB 34701 345 28 a a DT 34701 345 29 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 345 30 large large JJ 34701 345 31 opening opening NN 34701 345 32 . . . 34701 346 1 For for IN 34701 346 2 example example NN 34701 346 3 , , , 34701 346 4 the the DT 34701 346 5 steam steam NN 34701 346 6 valve valve NN 34701 346 7 in in IN 34701 346 8 the the DT 34701 346 9 illustration illustration NN 34701 346 10 has have VBZ 34701 346 11 12 12 CD 34701 346 12 openings opening NNS 34701 346 13 , , , 34701 346 14 so so IN 34701 346 15 that that IN 34701 346 16 if if IN 34701 346 17 they -PRON- PRP 34701 346 18 are be VBP 34701 346 19 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 346 20 inch inch NN 34701 346 21 in in IN 34701 346 22 width width NN 34701 346 23 each each DT 34701 346 24 , , , 34701 346 25 a a DT 34701 346 26 movement movement NN 34701 346 27 of of IN 34701 346 28 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 346 29 inch inch NN 34701 346 30 of of IN 34701 346 31 the the DT 34701 346 32 valve valve NN 34701 346 33 will will MD 34701 346 34 open open VB 34701 346 35 a a DT 34701 346 36 space space NN 34701 346 37 12 12 CD 34701 346 38 × × CD 34701 346 39 1/4 1/4 CD 34701 346 40 = = SYM 34701 346 41 3 3 CD 34701 346 42 inches inch NNS 34701 346 43 in in IN 34701 346 44 length length NN 34701 346 45 . . . 34701 347 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 347 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 347 3 : : : 34701 347 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 347 5 . . . 34701 348 1 22 22 CD 34701 348 2 . . . 34701 349 1 The the DT 34701 349 2 Monarch Monarch NNP 34701 349 3 Engine Engine NNP 34701 349 4 with with IN 34701 349 5 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 349 6 Valve Valve NNP 34701 349 7 Gear.--A Gear.--A NNP 34701 349 8 , , , 34701 349 9 Rod Rod NNP 34701 349 10 to to IN 34701 349 11 Eccentric Eccentric NNP 34701 349 12 ; ; , 34701 349 13 B B NNP 34701 349 14 , , , 34701 349 15 Governor Governor NNP 34701 349 16 ; ; : 34701 349 17 C C NNP 34701 349 18 , , , 34701 349 19 Reach Reach NNP 34701 349 20 Rod Rod NNP 34701 349 21 ; ; : 34701 349 22 D d NN 34701 349 23 , , , 34701 349 24 Radial Radial NNP 34701 349 25 Arm Arm NNP 34701 349 26 ; ; : 34701 349 27 E e NN 34701 349 28 , , , 34701 349 29 Steam Steam NNP 34701 349 30 Valve Valve NNP 34701 349 31 ; ; : 34701 349 32 F F NNP 34701 349 33 , , , 34701 349 34 Bell Bell NNP 34701 349 35 - - HYPH 34701 349 36 crank crank NNP 34701 349 37 ; ; : 34701 349 38 G g NN 34701 349 39 , , , 34701 349 40 Wrist Wrist NNP 34701 349 41 Plate Plate NNP 34701 349 42 ; ; : 34701 349 43 H h NN 34701 349 44 , , , 34701 349 45 Exhaust Exhaust NNP 34701 349 46 Valve Valve NNP 34701 349 47 ; ; : 34701 349 48 K K NNP 34701 349 49 , , , 34701 349 50 Dash Dash NNP 34701 349 51 - - HYPH 34701 349 52 pot pot NN 34701 349 53 ] ] -RRB- 34701 349 54 _ _ NNP 34701 349 55 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 349 56 Valve._--A Valve._--A NNP 34701 349 57 section section NN 34701 349 58 through through IN 34701 349 59 an an DT 34701 349 60 engine engine NN 34701 349 61 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 349 62 equipped equip VBN 34701 349 63 with with IN 34701 349 64 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 349 65 valves valve NNS 34701 349 66 is be VBZ 34701 349 67 shown show VBN 34701 349 68 in in IN 34701 349 69 Fig Fig NNP 34701 349 70 . . . 34701 350 1 20 20 CD 34701 350 2 . . . 34701 351 1 There there EX 34701 351 2 are be VBP 34701 351 3 four four CD 34701 351 4 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 34701 351 5 valves valve NNS 34701 351 6 in in IN 34701 351 7 this this DT 34701 351 8 type type NN 34701 351 9 of of IN 34701 351 10 engine engine NN 34701 351 11 , , , 34701 351 12 two two CD 34701 351 13 steam steam NN 34701 351 14 valves valve NNS 34701 351 15 at at IN 34701 351 16 the the DT 34701 351 17 top top NN 34701 351 18 and and CC 34701 351 19 two two CD 34701 351 20 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 351 21 valves valve NNS 34701 351 22 at at IN 34701 351 23 the the DT 34701 351 24 bottom bottom NN 34701 351 25 . . . 34701 352 1 This this DT 34701 352 2 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 352 3 is be VBZ 34701 352 4 used use VBN 34701 352 5 to to TO 34701 352 6 secure secure VB 34701 352 7 proper proper JJ 34701 352 8 drainage drainage NN 34701 352 9 . . . 34701 353 1 The the DT 34701 353 2 action action NN 34701 353 3 of of IN 34701 353 4 the the DT 34701 353 5 admission admission NN 34701 353 6 and and CC 34701 353 7 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 353 8 valves valve NNS 34701 353 9 is be VBZ 34701 353 10 indicated indicate VBN 34701 353 11 by by IN 34701 353 12 the the DT 34701 353 13 arrows arrow NNS 34701 353 14 , , , 34701 353 15 the the DT 34701 353 16 upper upper JJ 34701 353 17 left left JJ 34701 353 18 - - HYPH 34701 353 19 hand hand NN 34701 353 20 and and CC 34701 353 21 the the DT 34701 353 22 lower low JJR 34701 353 23 right right JJ 34701 353 24 - - HYPH 34701 353 25 hand hand NN 34701 353 26 valve valve NN 34701 353 27 being be VBG 34701 353 28 open open JJ 34701 353 29 and and CC 34701 353 30 the the DT 34701 353 31 other other JJ 34701 353 32 two two CD 34701 353 33 closed closed JJ 34701 353 34 . . . 34701 354 1 Side side JJ 34701 354 2 and and CC 34701 354 3 sectional sectional JJ 34701 354 4 views view NNS 34701 354 5 of of IN 34701 354 6 different different JJ 34701 354 7 forms form NNS 34701 354 8 of of IN 34701 354 9 this this DT 34701 354 10 type type NN 34701 354 11 of of IN 34701 354 12 valve valve NN 34701 354 13 are be VBP 34701 354 14 shown show VBN 34701 354 15 in in IN 34701 354 16 Fig Fig NNP 34701 354 17 . . . 34701 355 1 19 19 CD 34701 355 2 . . . 34701 356 1 They -PRON- PRP 34701 356 2 are be VBP 34701 356 3 operated operate VBN 34701 356 4 by by IN 34701 356 5 means mean NNS 34701 356 6 of of IN 34701 356 7 short short JJ 34701 356 8 crank crank NNP 34701 356 9 - - HYPH 34701 356 10 arms arm NNS 34701 356 11 which which WDT 34701 356 12 are be VBP 34701 356 13 attached attach VBN 34701 356 14 to to IN 34701 356 15 a a DT 34701 356 16 wrist wrist NN 34701 356 17 - - HYPH 34701 356 18 plate plate NN 34701 356 19 by by IN 34701 356 20 means mean NNS 34701 356 21 of of IN 34701 356 22 radial radial JJ 34701 356 23 arms arm NNS 34701 356 24 or or CC 34701 356 25 rods rod NNS 34701 356 26 , , , 34701 356 27 as as IN 34701 356 28 shown show VBN 34701 356 29 in in IN 34701 356 30 Fig Fig NNP 34701 356 31 . . . 34701 357 1 22 22 CD 34701 357 2 . . . 34701 358 1 The the DT 34701 358 2 wrist wrist NN 34701 358 3 - - HYPH 34701 358 4 plate plate NN 34701 358 5 , , , 34701 358 6 in in IN 34701 358 7 turn turn NN 34701 358 8 , , , 34701 358 9 is be VBZ 34701 358 10 given give VBN 34701 358 11 a a DT 34701 358 12 partial partial JJ 34701 358 13 backward backward JJ 34701 358 14 and and CC 34701 358 15 forward forward JJ 34701 358 16 rotation rotation NN 34701 358 17 by by IN 34701 358 18 means mean NNS 34701 358 19 of of IN 34701 358 20 an an DT 34701 358 21 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 358 22 attached attach VBN 34701 358 23 to to IN 34701 358 24 the the DT 34701 358 25 main main JJ 34701 358 26 shaft shaft NN 34701 358 27 and and CC 34701 358 28 connected connect VBN 34701 358 29 to to IN 34701 358 30 the the DT 34701 358 31 upper upper JJ 34701 358 32 part part NN 34701 358 33 of of IN 34701 358 34 the the DT 34701 358 35 wrist wrist NN 34701 358 36 - - HYPH 34701 358 37 plate plate NN 34701 358 38 by by IN 34701 358 39 a a DT 34701 358 40 rod rod NN 34701 358 41 as as IN 34701 358 42 indicated indicate VBN 34701 358 43 . . . 34701 359 1 The the DT 34701 359 2 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 359 3 valves valve NNS 34701 359 4 are be VBP 34701 359 5 both both DT 34701 359 6 opened open VBN 34701 359 7 and and CC 34701 359 8 closed close VBN 34701 359 9 by by IN 34701 359 10 the the DT 34701 359 11 action action NN 34701 359 12 of of IN 34701 359 13 the the DT 34701 359 14 wrist wrist NN 34701 359 15 - - HYPH 34701 359 16 plate plate NN 34701 359 17 and and CC 34701 359 18 connecting connect VBG 34701 359 19 rods rod NNS 34701 359 20 . . . 34701 360 1 The the DT 34701 360 2 steam steam NN 34701 360 3 valves valve NNS 34701 360 4 are be VBP 34701 360 5 opened open VBN 34701 360 6 in in IN 34701 360 7 this this DT 34701 360 8 manner manner NN 34701 360 9 , , , 34701 360 10 but but CC 34701 360 11 are be VBP 34701 360 12 closed close VBN 34701 360 13 by by IN 34701 360 14 the the DT 34701 360 15 suction suction NN 34701 360 16 of of IN 34701 360 17 dash dash NN 34701 360 18 pots pot NNS 34701 360 19 attached attach VBN 34701 360 20 to to IN 34701 360 21 the the DT 34701 360 22 drop drop NN 34701 360 23 levers lever NNS 34701 360 24 on on IN 34701 360 25 the the DT 34701 360 26 valve valve NN 34701 360 27 stems stem VBZ 34701 360 28 by by IN 34701 360 29 means mean NNS 34701 360 30 of of IN 34701 360 31 vertical vertical JJ 34701 360 32 rods rod NNS 34701 360 33 , , , 34701 360 34 as as IN 34701 360 35 shown show VBN 34701 360 36 . . . 34701 361 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 361 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 361 3 : : : 34701 361 4 Figs fig NNS 34701 361 5 . . . 34701 362 1 23 23 CD 34701 362 2 to to TO 34701 362 3 26 26 CD 34701 362 4 . . . 34701 363 1 Action action NN 34701 363 2 of of IN 34701 363 3 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 363 4 Valve Valve NNP 34701 363 5 Gear Gear NNP 34701 363 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 363 7 The the DT 34701 363 8 action action NN 34701 363 9 of of IN 34701 363 10 the the DT 34701 363 11 steam steam NN 34701 363 12 or or CC 34701 363 13 admission admission NN 34701 363 14 valves valve NNS 34701 363 15 is be VBZ 34701 363 16 best well RBS 34701 363 17 explained explain VBN 34701 363 18 by by IN 34701 363 19 reference reference NN 34701 363 20 to to IN 34701 363 21 Figs fig NNS 34701 363 22 . . . 34701 364 1 23 23 CD 34701 364 2 to to TO 34701 364 3 26 26 CD 34701 364 4 . . . 34701 365 1 Referring refer VBG 34701 365 2 to to IN 34701 365 3 Fig Fig NNP 34701 365 4 . . . 34701 366 1 23 23 CD 34701 366 2 , , , 34701 366 3 _ _ NNP 34701 366 4 A A NNP 34701 366 5 _ _ NNP 34701 366 6 is be VBZ 34701 366 7 a a DT 34701 366 8 bell bell NN 34701 366 9 - - HYPH 34701 366 10 crank crank NN 34701 366 11 which which WDT 34701 366 12 turns turn VBZ 34701 366 13 loosely loosely RB 34701 366 14 upon upon IN 34701 366 15 the the DT 34701 366 16 valve valve NN 34701 366 17 stem stem NN 34701 366 18 _ _ NNP 34701 366 19 V V NNP 34701 366 20 _ _ NNP 34701 366 21 . . . 34701 367 1 The the DT 34701 367 2 lower low JJR 34701 367 3 left left JJ 34701 367 4 - - HYPH 34701 367 5 hand hand NN 34701 367 6 extension extension NN 34701 367 7 of of IN 34701 367 8 _ _ NNP 34701 367 9 A A NNP 34701 367 10 _ _ NNP 34701 367 11 carries carry VBZ 34701 367 12 the the DT 34701 367 13 grab grab NNP 34701 367 14 hook hook NN 34701 367 15 _ _ NNP 34701 367 16 H H NNP 34701 367 17 _ _ NNP 34701 367 18 , , , 34701 367 19 while while IN 34701 367 20 the the DT 34701 367 21 upper upper JJ 34701 367 22 extension extension NN 34701 367 23 is be VBZ 34701 367 24 connected connect VBN 34701 367 25 with with IN 34701 367 26 the the DT 34701 367 27 wrist wrist NN 34701 367 28 - - HYPH 34701 367 29 plate plate NN 34701 367 30 as as IN 34701 367 31 indicated indicate VBN 34701 367 32 . . . 34701 368 1 Ordinarily ordinarily RB 34701 368 2 the the DT 34701 368 3 hook hook NN 34701 368 4 _ _ NNP 34701 368 5 H H NNP 34701 368 6 _ _ NNP 34701 368 7 is be VBZ 34701 368 8 pressed press VBN 34701 368 9 inward inward RB 34701 368 10 by by IN 34701 368 11 the the DT 34701 368 12 spring spring NN 34701 368 13 _ _ NNP 34701 368 14 S S NNP 34701 368 15 _ _ NNP 34701 368 16 , , , 34701 368 17 so so IN 34701 368 18 that that IN 34701 368 19 the the DT 34701 368 20 longer long JJR 34701 368 21 arm arm NN 34701 368 22 of of IN 34701 368 23 the the DT 34701 368 24 hook hook NN 34701 368 25 is be VBZ 34701 368 26 always always RB 34701 368 27 pressed press VBN 34701 368 28 against against IN 34701 368 29 the the DT 34701 368 30 knock knock VB 34701 368 31 - - HYPH 34701 368 32 off off RP 34701 368 33 cam cam NN 34701 368 34 _ _ NNP 34701 368 35 C C NNP 34701 368 36 _ _ NNP 34701 368 37 . . . 34701 369 1 The the DT 34701 369 2 cam cam NN 34701 369 3 _ _ NNP 34701 369 4 C C NNP 34701 369 5 _ _ NNP 34701 369 6 also also RB 34701 369 7 turns turn VBZ 34701 369 8 upon upon IN 34701 369 9 the the DT 34701 369 10 valve valve NN 34701 369 11 stem stem NN 34701 369 12 _ _ NNP 34701 369 13 V V NNP 34701 369 14 _ _ NNP 34701 369 15 and and CC 34701 369 16 is be VBZ 34701 369 17 connected connect VBN 34701 369 18 with with IN 34701 369 19 the the DT 34701 369 20 governor governor NN 34701 369 21 by by IN 34701 369 22 means mean NNS 34701 369 23 of of IN 34701 369 24 a a DT 34701 369 25 reach reach NN 34701 369 26 rod rod NN 34701 369 27 as as IN 34701 369 28 indicated indicate VBN 34701 369 29 in in IN 34701 369 30 Fig Fig NNP 34701 369 31 . . . 34701 370 1 23 23 CD 34701 370 2 and and CC 34701 370 3 shown show VBN 34701 370 4 in in IN 34701 370 5 Fig Fig NNP 34701 370 6 . . . 34701 371 1 22 22 CD 34701 371 2 . . . 34701 372 1 The the DT 34701 372 2 drop drop NN 34701 372 3 lever lever NN 34701 372 4 _ _ NNP 34701 372 5 B B NNP 34701 372 6 _ _ NNP 34701 372 7 is be VBZ 34701 372 8 keyed keyed JJ 34701 372 9 to to IN 34701 372 10 the the DT 34701 372 11 valve valve NN 34701 372 12 stem stem NN 34701 372 13 _ _ NNP 34701 372 14 V V NNP 34701 372 15 _ _ NNP 34701 372 16 , , , 34701 372 17 and and CC 34701 372 18 is be VBZ 34701 372 19 connected connect VBN 34701 372 20 with with IN 34701 372 21 the the DT 34701 372 22 dash dash NN 34701 372 23 pot pot NN 34701 372 24 by by IN 34701 372 25 a a DT 34701 372 26 rod rod NN 34701 372 27 as as IN 34701 372 28 indicated indicate VBN 34701 372 29 by by IN 34701 372 30 the the DT 34701 372 31 dotted dotted JJ 34701 372 32 line line NN 34701 372 33 . . . 34701 373 1 This this DT 34701 373 2 is be VBZ 34701 373 3 also also RB 34701 373 4 shown show VBN 34701 373 5 in in IN 34701 373 6 Fig Fig NNP 34701 373 7 . . . 34701 374 1 22 22 CD 34701 374 2 . . . 34701 375 1 The the DT 34701 375 2 end end NN 34701 375 3 of of IN 34701 375 4 the the DT 34701 375 5 drop drop NN 34701 375 6 lever lever NN 34701 375 7 carries carry VBZ 34701 375 8 a a DT 34701 375 9 steel steel NN 34701 375 10 block block NN 34701 375 11 ( ( -LRB- 34701 375 12 shown show VBN 34701 375 13 shaded shaded JJ 34701 375 14 in in IN 34701 375 15 Fig Fig NNP 34701 375 16 . . . 34701 376 1 23 23 CD 34701 376 2 ) ) -RRB- 34701 376 3 , , , 34701 376 4 which which WDT 34701 376 5 engages engage VBZ 34701 376 6 with with IN 34701 376 7 the the DT 34701 376 8 grab grab NNP 34701 376 9 hook hook NN 34701 376 10 _ _ NNP 34701 376 11 H H NNP 34701 376 12 _ _ NNP 34701 376 13 . . . 34701 377 1 When when WRB 34701 377 2 in in IN 34701 377 3 operation operation NN 34701 377 4 , , , 34701 377 5 the the DT 34701 377 6 bell bell NNP 34701 377 7 - - HYPH 34701 377 8 crank crank NNP 34701 377 9 is be VBZ 34701 377 10 rotated rotate VBN 34701 377 11 in in IN 34701 377 12 the the DT 34701 377 13 direction direction NN 34701 377 14 of of IN 34701 377 15 the the DT 34701 377 16 arrow arrow NN 34701 377 17 by by IN 34701 377 18 the the DT 34701 377 19 action action NN 34701 377 20 of of IN 34701 377 21 the the DT 34701 377 22 wrist wrist NN 34701 377 23 - - HYPH 34701 377 24 plate plate NN 34701 377 25 and and CC 34701 377 26 connecting connect VBG 34701 377 27 - - HYPH 34701 377 28 rod rod NN 34701 377 29 . . . 34701 378 1 As as IN 34701 378 2 the the DT 34701 378 3 bell bell NNP 34701 378 4 - - HYPH 34701 378 5 crank crank NNP 34701 378 6 rotates rotate NNS 34701 378 7 , , , 34701 378 8 the the DT 34701 378 9 grab grab NNP 34701 378 10 hook hook NN 34701 378 11 engages engage VBZ 34701 378 12 the the DT 34701 378 13 steel steel NN 34701 378 14 block block NN 34701 378 15 at at IN 34701 378 16 the the DT 34701 378 17 end end NN 34701 378 18 of of IN 34701 378 19 the the DT 34701 378 20 drop drop NN 34701 378 21 lever lever NNP 34701 378 22 _ _ NNP 34701 378 23 B B NNP 34701 378 24 _ _ NNP 34701 378 25 and and CC 34701 378 26 lifts lift VBZ 34701 378 27 it -PRON- PRP 34701 378 28 , , , 34701 378 29 thus thus RB 34701 378 30 causing cause VBG 34701 378 31 the the DT 34701 378 32 valve valve NN 34701 378 33 to to TO 34701 378 34 open open VB 34701 378 35 , , , 34701 378 36 and and CC 34701 378 37 to to TO 34701 378 38 remain remain VB 34701 378 39 so so RB 34701 378 40 until until IN 34701 378 41 the the DT 34701 378 42 bell bell NNP 34701 378 43 - - HYPH 34701 378 44 crank crank NNP 34701 378 45 has have VBZ 34701 378 46 advanced advance VBN 34701 378 47 so so RB 34701 378 48 far far RB 34701 378 49 that that IN 34701 378 50 the the DT 34701 378 51 longer long JJR 34701 378 52 arm arm NN 34701 378 53 of of IN 34701 378 54 the the DT 34701 378 55 grab grab NNP 34701 378 56 hook hook NN 34701 378 57 _ _ NNP 34701 378 58 H H NNP 34701 378 59 _ _ NNP 34701 378 60 is be VBZ 34701 378 61 pressed press VBN 34701 378 62 outward outward RB 34701 378 63 by by IN 34701 378 64 the the DT 34701 378 65 projection projection NN 34701 378 66 on on IN 34701 378 67 the the DT 34701 378 68 knock knock VB 34701 378 69 - - HYPH 34701 378 70 off off RP 34701 378 71 cam cam NN 34701 378 72 , , , 34701 378 73 as as IN 34701 378 74 shown show VBN 34701 378 75 in in IN 34701 378 76 Fig Fig NNP 34701 378 77 . . . 34701 379 1 24 24 CD 34701 379 2 . . . 34701 380 1 The the DT 34701 380 2 drop drop NN 34701 380 3 lever lever NN 34701 380 4 now now RB 34701 380 5 being be VBG 34701 380 6 released release VBN 34701 380 7 , , , 34701 380 8 the the DT 34701 380 9 valve valve NN 34701 380 10 is be VBZ 34701 380 11 quickly quickly RB 34701 380 12 closed close VBN 34701 380 13 by by IN 34701 380 14 the the DT 34701 380 15 suction suction NN 34701 380 16 of of IN 34701 380 17 the the DT 34701 380 18 dash dash NN 34701 380 19 pot pot NN 34701 380 20 , , , 34701 380 21 which which WDT 34701 380 22 pulls pull VBZ 34701 380 23 the the DT 34701 380 24 lever lever NN 34701 380 25 down down RP 34701 380 26 to to IN 34701 380 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 380 28 original original JJ 34701 380 29 position position NN 34701 380 30 by by IN 34701 380 31 means mean NNS 34701 380 32 of of IN 34701 380 33 the the DT 34701 380 34 rod rod NN 34701 380 35 previously previously RB 34701 380 36 mentioned mention VBN 34701 380 37 . . . 34701 381 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 381 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 381 3 : : : 34701 381 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 381 5 . . . 34701 382 1 27 27 CD 34701 382 2 . . . 34701 383 1 Governor governor NN 34701 383 2 for for IN 34701 383 3 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 383 4 Engine Engine NNP 34701 383 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 383 6 The the DT 34701 383 7 governor governor NN 34701 383 8 operates operate VBZ 34701 383 9 by by IN 34701 383 10 changing change VBG 34701 383 11 the the DT 34701 383 12 point point NN 34701 383 13 of of IN 34701 383 14 cut cut NN 34701 383 15 - - HYPH 34701 383 16 off off RP 34701 383 17 through through IN 34701 383 18 the the DT 34701 383 19 action action NN 34701 383 20 of of IN 34701 383 21 the the DT 34701 383 22 cam cam NN 34701 383 23 _ _ NNP 34701 383 24 C C NNP 34701 383 25 _ _ NNP 34701 383 26 . . . 34701 384 1 With with IN 34701 384 2 the the DT 34701 384 3 cam cam NN 34701 384 4 in in IN 34701 384 5 the the DT 34701 384 6 position position NN 34701 384 7 shown show VBN 34701 384 8 in in IN 34701 384 9 Fig Fig NNP 34701 384 10 . . . 34701 385 1 25 25 CD 34701 385 2 , , , 34701 385 3 cut cut VBN 34701 385 4 - - HYPH 34701 385 5 off off RP 34701 385 6 occurs occur VBZ 34701 385 7 earlier early RBR 34701 385 8 than than IN 34701 385 9 in in IN 34701 385 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 385 11 . . . 34701 386 1 24 24 CD 34701 386 2 . . . 34701 387 1 Should Should MD 34701 387 2 the the DT 34701 387 3 cam cam NN 34701 387 4 be be VB 34701 387 5 turned turn VBN 34701 387 6 in in IN 34701 387 7 the the DT 34701 387 8 opposite opposite JJ 34701 387 9 direction direction NN 34701 387 10 ( ( -LRB- 34701 387 11 clockwise clockwise NN 34701 387 12 ) ) -RRB- 34701 387 13 , , , 34701 387 14 cut cut VBN 34701 387 15 - - HYPH 34701 387 16 off off NN 34701 387 17 would would MD 34701 387 18 take take VB 34701 387 19 place place NN 34701 387 20 later later RB 34701 387 21 . . . 34701 388 1 A a DT 34701 388 2 detailed detailed JJ 34701 388 3 view view NN 34701 388 4 of of IN 34701 388 5 the the DT 34701 388 6 complete complete JJ 34701 388 7 valve valve NN 34701 388 8 mechanism mechanism NN 34701 388 9 described describe VBN 34701 388 10 is be VBZ 34701 388 11 shown show VBN 34701 388 12 assembled assemble VBN 34701 388 13 in in IN 34701 388 14 Fig Fig NNP 34701 388 15 . . . 34701 389 1 26 26 CD 34701 389 2 , , , 34701 389 3 with with IN 34701 389 4 each each DT 34701 389 5 part part NN 34701 389 6 properly properly RB 34701 389 7 named name VBN 34701 389 8 . . . 34701 390 1 A a DT 34701 390 2 detail detail NN 34701 390 3 of of IN 34701 390 4 the the DT 34701 390 5 governor governor NN 34701 390 6 is be VBZ 34701 390 7 shown show VBN 34701 390 8 in in IN 34701 390 9 Fig Fig NNP 34701 390 10 . . . 34701 391 1 27 27 CD 34701 391 2 . . . 34701 392 1 An an DT 34701 392 2 increase increase NN 34701 392 3 in in IN 34701 392 4 speed speed NN 34701 392 5 causes cause VBZ 34701 392 6 the the DT 34701 392 7 revolving revolve VBG 34701 392 8 balls ball NNS 34701 392 9 _ _ NNP 34701 392 10 BB BB NNP 34701 392 11 _ _ NNP 34701 392 12 to to TO 34701 392 13 swing swing VB 34701 392 14 outward outward RB 34701 392 15 , , , 34701 392 16 thus thus RB 34701 392 17 raising raise VBG 34701 392 18 the the DT 34701 392 19 weight weight NN 34701 392 20 _ _ NNP 34701 392 21 W W NNP 34701 392 22 _ _ NNP 34701 392 23 and and CC 34701 392 24 the the DT 34701 392 25 sleeve sleeve NN 34701 392 26 _ _ NNP 34701 392 27 S S NNP 34701 392 28 _ _ NNP 34701 392 29 . . . 34701 393 1 This this DT 34701 393 2 in in IN 34701 393 3 turn turn NN 34701 393 4 operates operate VBZ 34701 393 5 the the DT 34701 393 6 lever lever NN 34701 393 7 _ _ NNP 34701 393 8 L L NNP 34701 393 9 _ _ NNP 34701 393 10 through through IN 34701 393 11 rod rod NN 34701 393 12 _ _ NNP 34701 393 13 R R NNP 34701 393 14 _ _ NNP 34701 393 15 and and CC 34701 393 16 a a DT 34701 393 17 bell bell NN 34701 393 18 - - HYPH 34701 393 19 crank crank NN 34701 393 20 attachment attachment NN 34701 393 21 , , , 34701 393 22 as as IN 34701 393 23 shown show VBN 34701 393 24 in in IN 34701 393 25 the the DT 34701 393 26 right right JJ 34701 393 27 - - HYPH 34701 393 28 hand hand NN 34701 393 29 view view NN 34701 393 30 . . . 34701 394 1 An an DT 34701 394 2 upward upward JJ 34701 394 3 and and CC 34701 394 4 downward downward JJ 34701 394 5 movement movement NN 34701 394 6 of of IN 34701 394 7 the the DT 34701 394 8 balls ball NNS 34701 394 9 , , , 34701 394 10 due due IN 34701 394 11 to to IN 34701 394 12 a a DT 34701 394 13 change change NN 34701 394 14 in in IN 34701 394 15 speed speed NN 34701 394 16 of of IN 34701 394 17 the the DT 34701 394 18 engine engine NN 34701 394 19 , , , 34701 394 20 swings swing VBZ 34701 394 21 the the DT 34701 394 22 lever lever NN 34701 394 23 _ _ NNP 34701 394 24 L L NNP 34701 394 25 _ _ NNP 34701 394 26 backward backward RB 34701 394 27 and and CC 34701 394 28 forward forward RB 34701 394 29 as as IN 34701 394 30 shown show VBN 34701 394 31 by by IN 34701 394 32 the the DT 34701 394 33 full full JJ 34701 394 34 and and CC 34701 394 35 dotted dotted JJ 34701 394 36 lines line NNS 34701 394 37 . . . 34701 395 1 The the DT 34701 395 2 ends end NNS 34701 395 3 of of IN 34701 395 4 this this DT 34701 395 5 lever lever NN 34701 395 6 are be VBP 34701 395 7 attached attach VBN 34701 395 8 by by IN 34701 395 9 means mean NNS 34701 395 10 of of IN 34701 395 11 reach reach NN 34701 395 12 - - HYPH 34701 395 13 rods rod NNS 34701 395 14 to to IN 34701 395 15 the the DT 34701 395 16 knock knock VB 34701 395 17 - - HYPH 34701 395 18 off off RP 34701 395 19 cams cam NNS 34701 395 20 , , , 34701 395 21 this this DT 34701 395 22 being be VBG 34701 395 23 shown show VBN 34701 395 24 more more RBR 34701 395 25 clearly clearly RB 34701 395 26 in in IN 34701 395 27 Fig Fig NNP 34701 395 28 . . . 34701 396 1 22 22 CD 34701 396 2 . . . 34701 397 1 The the DT 34701 397 2 connections connection NNS 34701 397 3 between between IN 34701 397 4 the the DT 34701 397 5 lever lever NN 34701 397 6 _ _ NNP 34701 397 7 L L NNP 34701 397 8 _ _ NNP 34701 397 9 and and CC 34701 397 10 cam cam NNP 34701 397 11 _ _ NNP 34701 397 12 C C NNP 34701 397 13 _ _ NNP 34701 397 14 are be VBP 34701 397 15 such such JJ 34701 397 16 that that IN 34701 397 17 a a DT 34701 397 18 raising raising NN 34701 397 19 of of IN 34701 397 20 the the DT 34701 397 21 balls ball NNS 34701 397 22 , , , 34701 397 23 due due IN 34701 397 24 to to IN 34701 397 25 increased increase VBN 34701 397 26 speed speed NN 34701 397 27 , , , 34701 397 28 will will MD 34701 397 29 reduce reduce VB 34701 397 30 the the DT 34701 397 31 cut cut NN 34701 397 32 - - HYPH 34701 397 33 off off NN 34701 397 34 and and CC 34701 397 35 thus thus RB 34701 397 36 slow slow VB 34701 397 37 down down RP 34701 397 38 the the DT 34701 397 39 engine engine NN 34701 397 40 . . . 34701 398 1 On on IN 34701 398 2 the the DT 34701 398 3 other other JJ 34701 398 4 hand hand NN 34701 398 5 , , , 34701 398 6 a a DT 34701 398 7 falling falling NN 34701 398 8 of of IN 34701 398 9 the the DT 34701 398 10 balls ball NNS 34701 398 11 will will MD 34701 398 12 lengthen lengthen VB 34701 398 13 the the DT 34701 398 14 cut cut NN 34701 398 15 - - HYPH 34701 398 16 off off RP 34701 398 17 through through IN 34701 398 18 the the DT 34701 398 19 same same JJ 34701 398 20 mechanism mechanism NN 34701 398 21 . . . 34701 399 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 399 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 399 3 : : : 34701 399 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 399 5 . . . 34701 400 1 28 28 CD 34701 400 2 . . . 34701 401 1 Dash dash NN 34701 401 2 - - HYPH 34701 401 3 pot pot NN 34701 401 4 for for IN 34701 401 5 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 401 6 Engine Engine NNP 34701 401 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 401 8 [ [ -LRB- 34701 401 9 Illustration illustration NN 34701 401 10 : : : 34701 401 11 Figs fig NNS 34701 401 12 . . . 34701 402 1 29 29 CD 34701 402 2 and and CC 34701 402 3 30 30 CD 34701 402 4 . . . 34701 403 1 Plan plan NN 34701 403 2 and and CC 34701 403 3 Longitudinal Longitudinal NNP 34701 403 4 Section Section NNP 34701 403 5 of of IN 34701 403 6 Adjustable Adjustable NNP 34701 403 7 Piston Piston NNP 34701 403 8 ] ] -RRB- 34701 403 9 Mention Mention NNP 34701 403 10 has have VBZ 34701 403 11 already already RB 34701 403 12 been be VBN 34701 403 13 made make VBN 34701 403 14 of of IN 34701 403 15 the the DT 34701 403 16 dash dash NN 34701 403 17 pot pot NN 34701 403 18 which which WDT 34701 403 19 is be VBZ 34701 403 20 used use VBN 34701 403 21 to to TO 34701 403 22 close close VB 34701 403 23 the the DT 34701 403 24 valve valve NN 34701 403 25 suddenly suddenly RB 34701 403 26 after after IN 34701 403 27 being be VBG 34701 403 28 released release VBN 34701 403 29 from from IN 34701 403 30 the the DT 34701 403 31 grab grab NNP 34701 403 32 hook hook NN 34701 403 33 . . . 34701 404 1 The the DT 34701 404 2 dash dash NN 34701 404 3 - - HYPH 34701 404 4 pot pot NN 34701 404 5 rod rod NN 34701 404 6 is be VBZ 34701 404 7 shown show VBN 34701 404 8 in in IN 34701 404 9 Fig Fig NNP 34701 404 10 . . . 34701 405 1 26 26 CD 34701 405 2 , , , 34701 405 3 and and CC 34701 405 4 indicated indicate VBN 34701 405 5 by by IN 34701 405 6 dotted dotted JJ 34701 405 7 lines line NNS 34701 405 8 in in IN 34701 405 9 Figs Figs NNP 34701 405 10 . . . 34701 406 1 23 23 CD 34701 406 2 to to TO 34701 406 3 25 25 CD 34701 406 4 . . . 34701 407 1 A a DT 34701 407 2 detailed detailed JJ 34701 407 3 view view NN 34701 407 4 of of IN 34701 407 5 one one CD 34701 407 6 form form NN 34701 407 7 of of IN 34701 407 8 dash dash NN 34701 407 9 pot pot NN 34701 407 10 is be VBZ 34701 407 11 shown show VBN 34701 407 12 in in IN 34701 407 13 Fig Fig NNP 34701 407 14 . . . 34701 408 1 28 28 CD 34701 408 2 . . . 34701 409 1 When when WRB 34701 409 2 the the DT 34701 409 3 valve valve NN 34701 409 4 is be VBZ 34701 409 5 opened open VBN 34701 409 6 , , , 34701 409 7 the the DT 34701 409 8 rod rod NN 34701 409 9 attached attach VBN 34701 409 10 to to IN 34701 409 11 lever lever NNP 34701 409 12 _ _ NNP 34701 409 13 B B NNP 34701 409 14 _ _ NNP 34701 409 15 , , , 34701 409 16 Figs Figs NNP 34701 409 17 . . . 34701 410 1 23 23 CD 34701 410 2 and and CC 34701 410 3 24 24 CD 34701 410 4 , , , 34701 410 5 raises raise VBZ 34701 410 6 the the DT 34701 410 7 piston piston NN 34701 410 8 _ _ NNP 34701 410 9 P P NNP 34701 410 10 _ _ NNP 34701 410 11 , , , 34701 410 12 Fig Fig NNP 34701 410 13 . . . 34701 411 1 28 28 CD 34701 411 2 , , , 34701 411 3 and and CC 34701 411 4 a a DT 34701 411 5 partial partial JJ 34701 411 6 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 411 7 is be VBZ 34701 411 8 formed form VBN 34701 411 9 beneath beneath IN 34701 411 10 it -PRON- PRP 34701 411 11 which which WDT 34701 411 12 draws draw VBZ 34701 411 13 the the DT 34701 411 14 piston piston NN 34701 411 15 and and CC 34701 411 16 connecting connect VBG 34701 411 17 rod rod NN 34701 411 18 down down RP 34701 411 19 by by IN 34701 411 20 suction suction NN 34701 411 21 as as RB 34701 411 22 soon soon RB 34701 411 23 as as IN 34701 411 24 the the DT 34701 411 25 lever lever NN 34701 411 26 _ _ NNP 34701 411 27 B B NNP 34701 411 28 _ _ NNP 34701 411 29 is be VBZ 34701 411 30 released release VBN 34701 411 31 , , , 34701 411 32 and and CC 34701 411 33 thus thus RB 34701 411 34 closes close VBZ 34701 411 35 the the DT 34701 411 36 valve valve NN 34701 411 37 suddenly suddenly RB 34701 411 38 and and CC 34701 411 39 without without IN 34701 411 40 shock shock NN 34701 411 41 . . . 34701 412 1 The the DT 34701 412 2 strength strength NN 34701 412 3 of of IN 34701 412 4 the the DT 34701 412 5 suction suction NN 34701 412 6 and and CC 34701 412 7 the the DT 34701 412 8 air air NN 34701 412 9 cushion cushion NN 34701 412 10 for for IN 34701 412 11 this this DT 34701 412 12 piston piston NN 34701 412 13 are be VBP 34701 412 14 regulated regulate VBN 34701 412 15 by by IN 34701 412 16 the the DT 34701 412 17 inlet inlet NN 34701 412 18 and and CC 34701 412 19 outlet outlet NN 34701 412 20 valves valve NNS 34701 412 21 shown show VBN 34701 412 22 on on IN 34701 412 23 the the DT 34701 412 24 sides side NNS 34701 412 25 of of IN 34701 412 26 the the DT 34701 412 27 dash dash NN 34701 412 28 pot pot NN 34701 412 29 . . . 34701 413 1 Engine engine NN 34701 413 2 Details Details NNP 34701 413 3 Figs Figs NNPS 34701 413 4 . . . 34701 414 1 29 29 CD 34701 414 2 to to TO 34701 414 3 37 37 CD 34701 414 4 show show VB 34701 414 5 various various JJ 34701 414 6 engine engine NN 34701 414 7 details detail NNS 34701 414 8 , , , 34701 414 9 and and CC 34701 414 10 illustrate illustrate VB 34701 414 11 in in IN 34701 414 12 a a DT 34701 414 13 simple simple JJ 34701 414 14 way way NN 34701 414 15 some some DT 34701 414 16 of of IN 34701 414 17 the the DT 34701 414 18 more more RBR 34701 414 19 important important JJ 34701 414 20 principles principle NNS 34701 414 21 involved involve VBN 34701 414 22 in in IN 34701 414 23 steam steam NN 34701 414 24 engine engine NN 34701 414 25 design design NN 34701 414 26 . . . 34701 415 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 415 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 415 3 : : : 34701 415 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 415 5 . . . 34701 416 1 31 31 CD 34701 416 2 . . . 34701 417 1 A a DT 34701 417 2 Typical Typical NNP 34701 417 3 Cross Cross NNP 34701 417 4 - - HYPH 34701 417 5 head head NN 34701 417 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 417 7 [ [ -LRB- 34701 417 8 Illustration illustration NN 34701 417 9 : : : 34701 417 10 Figs fig NNS 34701 417 11 . . . 34701 418 1 32 32 CD 34701 418 2 and and CC 34701 418 3 33 33 CD 34701 418 4 . . . 34701 419 1 Methods method NNS 34701 419 2 Commonly commonly RB 34701 419 3 Used use VBN 34701 419 4 for for IN 34701 419 5 Taking take VBG 34701 419 6 Up up RP 34701 419 7 Wear wear NN 34701 419 8 in in IN 34701 419 9 a a DT 34701 419 10 Connecting connect VBG 34701 419 11 - - HYPH 34701 419 12 rod rod NN 34701 419 13 ] ] -RRB- 34701 419 14 A a DT 34701 419 15 partial partial JJ 34701 419 16 cross cross NN 34701 419 17 - - NN 34701 419 18 section section NN 34701 419 19 of of IN 34701 419 20 an an DT 34701 419 21 adjustable adjustable JJ 34701 419 22 piston piston NN 34701 419 23 is be VBZ 34701 419 24 shown show VBN 34701 419 25 in in IN 34701 419 26 Fig Fig NNP 34701 419 27 . . . 34701 420 1 29 29 CD 34701 420 2 , , , 34701 420 3 and and CC 34701 420 4 a a DT 34701 420 5 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 34701 420 6 section section NN 34701 420 7 of of IN 34701 420 8 the the DT 34701 420 9 same same JJ 34701 420 10 piston piston NN 34701 420 11 in in IN 34701 420 12 Fig Fig NNP 34701 420 13 . . . 34701 421 1 30 30 CD 34701 421 2 . . . 34701 422 1 The the DT 34701 422 2 principal principal JJ 34701 422 3 feature feature NN 34701 422 4 to to TO 34701 422 5 be be VB 34701 422 6 emphasized emphasize VBN 34701 422 7 is be VBZ 34701 422 8 the the DT 34701 422 9 method method NN 34701 422 10 of of IN 34701 422 11 automatic automatic JJ 34701 422 12 expansion expansion NN 34701 422 13 employed employ VBN 34701 422 14 to to TO 34701 422 15 take take VB 34701 422 16 up up RP 34701 422 17 any any DT 34701 422 18 wear wear NN 34701 422 19 and and CC 34701 422 20 keep keep VB 34701 422 21 the the DT 34701 422 22 piston piston NN 34701 422 23 tight tight JJ 34701 422 24 . . . 34701 423 1 In in IN 34701 423 2 setting set VBG 34701 423 3 up up RP 34701 423 4 the the DT 34701 423 5 piston piston NN 34701 423 6 a a DT 34701 423 7 hand hand NN 34701 423 8 adjustment adjustment NN 34701 423 9 is be VBZ 34701 423 10 made make VBN 34701 423 11 of of IN 34701 423 12 the the DT 34701 423 13 outer outer JJ 34701 423 14 sleeve sleeve NN 34701 423 15 or or CC 34701 423 16 ring ring VB 34701 423 17 _ _ NNP 34701 423 18 R R NNP 34701 423 19 _ _ NNP 34701 423 20 by by IN 34701 423 21 means mean NNS 34701 423 22 of of IN 34701 423 23 the the DT 34701 423 24 set set NN 34701 423 25 - - HYPH 34701 423 26 screws screw NNS 34701 423 27 _ _ NNP 34701 423 28 AA AA NNP 34701 423 29 _ _ NNP 34701 423 30 . . . 34701 424 1 Ring Ring NNP 34701 424 2 _ _ NNP 34701 424 3 R R NNP 34701 424 4 _ _ NNP 34701 424 5 is be VBZ 34701 424 6 made make VBN 34701 424 7 in in IN 34701 424 8 several several JJ 34701 424 9 sections section NNS 34701 424 10 , , , 34701 424 11 so so IN 34701 424 12 that that IN 34701 424 13 it -PRON- PRP 34701 424 14 may may MD 34701 424 15 be be VB 34701 424 16 expanded expand VBN 34701 424 17 in in IN 34701 424 18 the the DT 34701 424 19 form form NN 34701 424 20 of of IN 34701 424 21 a a DT 34701 424 22 true true JJ 34701 424 23 circle circle NN 34701 424 24 . . . 34701 425 1 Further further JJ 34701 425 2 tightness tightness NN 34701 425 3 is be VBZ 34701 425 4 secured secure VBN 34701 425 5 without without IN 34701 425 6 undue undue JJ 34701 425 7 friction friction NN 34701 425 8 by by IN 34701 425 9 means mean NNS 34701 425 10 of of IN 34701 425 11 the the DT 34701 425 12 packing packing NN 34701 425 13 ring ring NN 34701 425 14 _ _ NNP 34701 425 15 P P NNP 34701 425 16 _ _ NNP 34701 425 17 which which WDT 34701 425 18 fits fit VBZ 34701 425 19 in in IN 34701 425 20 a a DT 34701 425 21 groove groove NN 34701 425 22 in in IN 34701 425 23 _ _ NNP 34701 425 24 R R NNP 34701 425 25 _ _ NNP 34701 425 26 and and CC 34701 425 27 is be VBZ 34701 425 28 forced force VBN 34701 425 29 lightly lightly RB 34701 425 30 against against IN 34701 425 31 the the DT 34701 425 32 walls wall NNS 34701 425 33 of of IN 34701 425 34 the the DT 34701 425 35 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 425 36 by by IN 34701 425 37 a a DT 34701 425 38 number number NN 34701 425 39 of of IN 34701 425 40 coil coil NN 34701 425 41 springs spring NNS 34701 425 42 , , , 34701 425 43 one one CD 34701 425 44 of of IN 34701 425 45 which which WDT 34701 425 46 is be VBZ 34701 425 47 shown show VBN 34701 425 48 at at IN 34701 425 49 _ _ NNP 34701 425 50 S S NNP 34701 425 51 _ _ NNP 34701 425 52 . . . 34701 426 1 As as IN 34701 426 2 the the DT 34701 426 3 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 426 4 and and CC 34701 426 5 piston piston NN 34701 426 6 become become VBP 34701 426 7 worn worn JJ 34701 426 8 , , , 34701 426 9 screws screw NNS 34701 426 10 _ _ NNP 34701 426 11 A A NNP 34701 426 12 _ _ NNP 34701 426 13 are be VBP 34701 426 14 adjusted adjust VBN 34701 426 15 from from IN 34701 426 16 time time NN 34701 426 17 to to IN 34701 426 18 time time NN 34701 426 19 , , , 34701 426 20 and and CC 34701 426 21 the the DT 34701 426 22 fine fine JJ 34701 426 23 adjustment adjustment NN 34701 426 24 for for IN 34701 426 25 tightness tightness NN 34701 426 26 is be VBZ 34701 426 27 cared care VBN 34701 426 28 for for IN 34701 426 29 by by IN 34701 426 30 the the DT 34701 426 31 packing packing NN 34701 426 32 ring ring NN 34701 426 33 _ _ NNP 34701 426 34 P P NNP 34701 426 35 _ _ NNP 34701 426 36 and and CC 34701 426 37 the the DT 34701 426 38 coil coil NNP 34701 426 39 springs springs NNP 34701 426 40 _ _ NNP 34701 426 41 S S NNP 34701 426 42 _ _ NNP 34701 426 43 . . . 34701 427 1 The the DT 34701 427 2 points point NNS 34701 427 3 to to TO 34701 427 4 be be VB 34701 427 5 brought bring VBN 34701 427 6 out out RP 34701 427 7 in in IN 34701 427 8 connection connection NN 34701 427 9 with with IN 34701 427 10 the the DT 34701 427 11 cross cross NN 34701 427 12 - - NN 34701 427 13 head head NN 34701 427 14 are be VBP 34701 427 15 the the DT 34701 427 16 methods method NNS 34701 427 17 of of IN 34701 427 18 alignment alignment NN 34701 427 19 and and CC 34701 427 20 adjustment adjustment NN 34701 427 21 . . . 34701 428 1 A a DT 34701 428 2 typical typical JJ 34701 428 3 cross cross JJ 34701 428 4 - - NN 34701 428 5 head head NN 34701 428 6 is be VBZ 34701 428 7 shown show VBN 34701 428 8 in in IN 34701 428 9 cross cross NN 34701 428 10 and and CC 34701 428 11 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 34701 428 12 sections section NNS 34701 428 13 in in IN 34701 428 14 Fig Fig NNP 34701 428 15 . . . 34701 429 1 31 31 CD 34701 429 2 . . . 34701 430 1 Alignment alignment NN 34701 430 2 in in IN 34701 430 3 a a DT 34701 430 4 straight straight JJ 34701 430 5 line line NN 34701 430 6 , , , 34701 430 7 longitudinally longitudinally RB 34701 430 8 , , , 34701 430 9 is be VBZ 34701 430 10 secured secure VBN 34701 430 11 by by IN 34701 430 12 the the DT 34701 430 13 cylindrical cylindrical JJ 34701 430 14 form form NN 34701 430 15 of of IN 34701 430 16 the the DT 34701 430 17 bearing bearing NN 34701 430 18 surfaces surface NNS 34701 430 19 or or CC 34701 430 20 shoes shoe NNS 34701 430 21 , , , 34701 430 22 shown show VBN 34701 430 23 at at IN 34701 430 24 _ _ NNP 34701 430 25 S S NNP 34701 430 26 _ _ NNP 34701 430 27 . . . 34701 431 1 These these DT 34701 431 2 are be VBP 34701 431 3 sometimes sometimes RB 34701 431 4 made make VBN 34701 431 5 V V NNP 34701 431 6 - - HYPH 34701 431 7 shaped shape VBN 34701 431 8 in in IN 34701 431 9 order order NN 34701 431 10 to to TO 34701 431 11 secure secure VB 34701 431 12 the the DT 34701 431 13 same same JJ 34701 431 14 result result NN 34701 431 15 . . . 34701 432 1 The the DT 34701 432 2 wear wear NN 34701 432 3 on on IN 34701 432 4 a a DT 34701 432 5 cross cross JJ 34701 432 6 - - NN 34701 432 7 head head NN 34701 432 8 comes come VBZ 34701 432 9 on on IN 34701 432 10 the the DT 34701 432 11 surfaces surface NNS 34701 432 12 _ _ NNP 34701 432 13 S S NNP 34701 432 14 _ _ NNP 34701 432 15 , , , 34701 432 16 and and CC 34701 432 17 is be VBZ 34701 432 18 taken take VBN 34701 432 19 up up RP 34701 432 20 by by IN 34701 432 21 the the DT 34701 432 22 use use NN 34701 432 23 of of IN 34701 432 24 screw screw JJ 34701 432 25 wedges wedge NNS 34701 432 26 _ _ NNP 34701 432 27 W W NNP 34701 432 28 _ _ NNP 34701 432 29 , , , 34701 432 30 shown show VBN 34701 432 31 in in IN 34701 432 32 the the DT 34701 432 33 longitudinal longitudinal JJ 34701 432 34 section section NN 34701 432 35 . . . 34701 433 1 As as IN 34701 433 2 the the DT 34701 433 3 sliding slide VBG 34701 433 4 surfaces surface NNS 34701 433 5 become become VBP 34701 433 6 worn worn JJ 34701 433 7 , , , 34701 433 8 the the DT 34701 433 9 wedges wedge NNS 34701 433 10 are be VBP 34701 433 11 forced force VBN 34701 433 12 in in IN 34701 433 13 slightly slightly RB 34701 433 14 by by IN 34701 433 15 screwing screw VBG 34701 433 16 in in IN 34701 433 17 the the DT 34701 433 18 set set NN 34701 433 19 - - HYPH 34701 433 20 screws screw NNS 34701 433 21 and and CC 34701 433 22 clamping clamp VBG 34701 433 23 them -PRON- PRP 34701 433 24 in in IN 34701 433 25 place place NN 34701 433 26 by by IN 34701 433 27 means mean NNS 34701 433 28 of of IN 34701 433 29 the the DT 34701 433 30 check check NN 34701 433 31 - - HYPH 34701 433 32 nuts nut NNS 34701 433 33 . . . 34701 434 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 434 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 434 3 : : : 34701 434 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 434 5 . . . 34701 435 1 34 34 CD 34701 435 2 . . . 34701 436 1 Outboard outboard NN 34701 436 2 Bearing bear VBG 34701 436 3 for for IN 34701 436 4 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 436 5 Type Type NNP 34701 436 6 Engine Engine NNP 34701 436 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 436 8 [ [ -LRB- 34701 436 9 Illustration illustration NN 34701 436 10 : : : 34701 436 11 Fig Fig NNP 34701 436 12 . . . 34701 437 1 35 35 CD 34701 437 2 . . . 34701 438 1 Inner inner JJ 34701 438 2 Bearing Bearing NNP 34701 438 3 and and CC 34701 438 4 Bed Bed NNP 34701 438 5 of of IN 34701 438 6 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 438 7 Engine Engine NNP 34701 438 8 ] ] -RRB- 34701 438 9 The the DT 34701 438 10 method method NN 34701 438 11 commonly commonly RB 34701 438 12 employed employ VBN 34701 438 13 in in IN 34701 438 14 taking take VBG 34701 438 15 up up RP 34701 438 16 the the DT 34701 438 17 wear wear NN 34701 438 18 in in IN 34701 438 19 a a DT 34701 438 20 connecting connect VBG 34701 438 21 - - HYPH 34701 438 22 rod rod NN 34701 438 23 is be VBZ 34701 438 24 shown show VBN 34701 438 25 in in IN 34701 438 26 Figs Figs NNP 34701 438 27 . . . 34701 439 1 32 32 CD 34701 439 2 and and CC 34701 439 3 33 33 CD 34701 439 4 . . . 34701 440 1 The the DT 34701 440 2 wear wear NN 34701 440 3 at at IN 34701 440 4 the the DT 34701 440 5 wrist wrist NN 34701 440 6 - - HYPH 34701 440 7 pin pin NN 34701 440 8 is be VBZ 34701 440 9 taken take VBN 34701 440 10 by by IN 34701 440 11 the the DT 34701 440 12 so so RB 34701 440 13 called call VBN 34701 440 14 brasses brass NNS 34701 440 15 , , , 34701 440 16 shown show VBN 34701 440 17 at at IN 34701 440 18 _ _ NNP 34701 440 19 B B NNP 34701 440 20 _ _ NNP 34701 440 21 in in IN 34701 440 22 the the DT 34701 440 23 illustrations illustration NNS 34701 440 24 . . . 34701 441 1 The the DT 34701 441 2 inner inner JJ 34701 441 3 brass brass NN 34701 441 4 , , , 34701 441 5 in in IN 34701 441 6 both both DT 34701 441 7 cases case NNS 34701 441 8 , , , 34701 441 9 fits fit VBZ 34701 441 10 in in IN 34701 441 11 a a DT 34701 441 12 suitable suitable JJ 34701 441 13 groove groove NN 34701 441 14 , , , 34701 441 15 and and CC 34701 441 16 is be VBZ 34701 441 17 held hold VBN 34701 441 18 stationary stationary JJ 34701 441 19 when when WRB 34701 441 20 once once RB 34701 441 21 in in IN 34701 441 22 place place NN 34701 441 23 . . . 34701 442 1 The the DT 34701 442 2 outer outer JJ 34701 442 3 brass brass NN 34701 442 4 is be VBZ 34701 442 5 adjustable adjustable JJ 34701 442 6 , , , 34701 442 7 being be VBG 34701 442 8 forced force VBN 34701 442 9 toward toward IN 34701 442 10 the the DT 34701 442 11 wrist wrist NN 34701 442 12 - - HYPH 34701 442 13 pin pin NN 34701 442 14 by by IN 34701 442 15 a a DT 34701 442 16 sliding sliding JJ 34701 442 17 wedge wedge NN 34701 442 18 which which WDT 34701 442 19 is be VBZ 34701 442 20 operated operate VBN 34701 442 21 by by IN 34701 442 22 one one CD 34701 442 23 or or CC 34701 442 24 more more JJR 34701 442 25 set set NN 34701 442 26 - - HYPH 34701 442 27 screws screw NNS 34701 442 28 . . . 34701 443 1 In in IN 34701 443 2 Fig Fig NNP 34701 443 3 . . . 34701 444 1 32 32 CD 34701 444 2 the the DT 34701 444 3 wedge wedge NN 34701 444 4 is be VBZ 34701 444 5 held hold VBN 34701 444 6 in in IN 34701 444 7 a a DT 34701 444 8 vertical vertical JJ 34701 444 9 position position NN 34701 444 10 , , , 34701 444 11 and and CC 34701 444 12 is be VBZ 34701 444 13 adjusted adjust VBN 34701 444 14 by by IN 34701 444 15 two two CD 34701 444 16 screws screw NNS 34701 444 17 as as IN 34701 444 18 shown show VBN 34701 444 19 . . . 34701 445 1 The the DT 34701 445 2 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 445 3 made make VBD 34701 445 4 use use NN 34701 445 5 of of IN 34701 445 6 in in IN 34701 445 7 Fig Fig NNP 34701 445 8 . . . 34701 446 1 33 33 CD 34701 446 2 has have VBZ 34701 446 3 the the DT 34701 446 4 wedge wedge NN 34701 446 5 passing pass VBG 34701 446 6 through through IN 34701 446 7 the the DT 34701 446 8 rod rod NN 34701 446 9 in in IN 34701 446 10 a a DT 34701 446 11 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 446 12 position position NN 34701 446 13 , , , 34701 446 14 and and CC 34701 446 15 adjusted adjust VBN 34701 446 16 by by IN 34701 446 17 means mean NNS 34701 446 18 of of IN 34701 446 19 a a DT 34701 446 20 single single JJ 34701 446 21 screw screw NN 34701 446 22 , , , 34701 446 23 as as IN 34701 446 24 shown show VBN 34701 446 25 in in IN 34701 446 26 the the DT 34701 446 27 lower low JJR 34701 446 28 view view NN 34701 446 29 . . . 34701 447 1 With with IN 34701 447 2 the the DT 34701 447 3 arrangements arrangement NNS 34701 447 4 shown show VBN 34701 447 5 , , , 34701 447 6 tightening tighten VBG 34701 447 7 up up RP 34701 447 8 the the DT 34701 447 9 brasses brass NNS 34701 447 10 shortens shorten VBZ 34701 447 11 the the DT 34701 447 12 length length NN 34701 447 13 of of IN 34701 447 14 the the DT 34701 447 15 rod rod NN 34701 447 16 . . . 34701 448 1 In in IN 34701 448 2 practice practice NN 34701 448 3 the the DT 34701 448 4 wedges wedge NNS 34701 448 5 at at IN 34701 448 6 each each DT 34701 448 7 end end NN 34701 448 8 of of IN 34701 448 9 the the DT 34701 448 10 rod rod NN 34701 448 11 are be VBP 34701 448 12 so so RB 34701 448 13 placed place VBN 34701 448 14 that that IN 34701 448 15 tightening tighten VBG 34701 448 16 one one CD 34701 448 17 shortens shorten VBZ 34701 448 18 the the DT 34701 448 19 rod rod NN 34701 448 20 , , , 34701 448 21 and and CC 34701 448 22 tightening tighten VBG 34701 448 23 the the DT 34701 448 24 other other JJ 34701 448 25 lengthens lengthen VBZ 34701 448 26 it -PRON- PRP 34701 448 27 , , , 34701 448 28 the the DT 34701 448 29 total total JJ 34701 448 30 effect effect NN 34701 448 31 being be VBG 34701 448 32 to to TO 34701 448 33 keep keep VB 34701 448 34 the the DT 34701 448 35 connecting connect VBG 34701 448 36 - - : 34701 448 37 rod rod NN 34701 448 38 at at IN 34701 448 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 448 40 original original JJ 34701 448 41 length length NN 34701 448 42 . . . 34701 449 1 A a DT 34701 449 2 common common JJ 34701 449 3 form form NN 34701 449 4 of of IN 34701 449 5 outboard outboard NN 34701 449 6 bearing bear VBG 34701 449 7 for for IN 34701 449 8 an an DT 34701 449 9 engine engine NN 34701 449 10 of of IN 34701 449 11 the the DT 34701 449 12 slow slow JJ 34701 449 13 - - HYPH 34701 449 14 speed speed NN 34701 449 15 or or CC 34701 449 16 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 449 17 type type NN 34701 449 18 is be VBZ 34701 449 19 illustrated illustrate VBN 34701 449 20 in in IN 34701 449 21 Fig Fig NNP 34701 449 22 . . . 34701 450 1 34 34 CD 34701 450 2 . . . 34701 451 1 The the DT 34701 451 2 various various JJ 34701 451 3 adjustments adjustment NNS 34701 451 4 for for IN 34701 451 5 alignment alignment NN 34701 451 6 and and CC 34701 451 7 for for IN 34701 451 8 taking take VBG 34701 451 9 up up RP 34701 451 10 wear wear NN 34701 451 11 are be VBP 34701 451 12 the the DT 34701 451 13 important important JJ 34701 451 14 points point NNS 34701 451 15 considered consider VBN 34701 451 16 in in IN 34701 451 17 this this DT 34701 451 18 case case NN 34701 451 19 . . . 34701 452 1 The the DT 34701 452 2 plate plate NN 34701 452 3 _ _ NNP 34701 452 4 B B NNP 34701 452 5 _ _ NNP 34701 452 6 is be VBZ 34701 452 7 fastened fasten VBN 34701 452 8 to to IN 34701 452 9 the the DT 34701 452 10 stone stone NN 34701 452 11 foundation foundation NN 34701 452 12 by by IN 34701 452 13 anchor anchor NN 34701 452 14 bolts bolt NNS 34701 452 15 not not RB 34701 452 16 shown show VBN 34701 452 17 . . . 34701 453 1 Sidewise Sidewise NNP 34701 453 2 movement movement NN 34701 453 3 is be VBZ 34701 453 4 secured secure VBN 34701 453 5 by by IN 34701 453 6 loosening loosen VBG 34701 453 7 the the DT 34701 453 8 bolts bolt NNS 34701 453 9 _ _ NNP 34701 453 10 C C NNP 34701 453 11 _ _ NNP 34701 453 12 , , , 34701 453 13 which which WDT 34701 453 14 pass pass VBP 34701 453 15 through through IN 34701 453 16 slots slot NNS 34701 453 17 in in IN 34701 453 18 the the DT 34701 453 19 bearing bearing NN 34701 453 20 , , , 34701 453 21 and and CC 34701 453 22 adjusting adjust VBG 34701 453 23 by by IN 34701 453 24 means mean NNS 34701 453 25 of of IN 34701 453 26 the the DT 34701 453 27 screws screw NNS 34701 453 28 _ _ NNP 34701 453 29 S S NNP 34701 453 30 _ _ NNP 34701 453 31 . . . 34701 454 1 Vertical vertical JJ 34701 454 2 adjustment adjustment NN 34701 454 3 is be VBZ 34701 454 4 obtained obtain VBN 34701 454 5 by by IN 34701 454 6 use use NN 34701 454 7 of of IN 34701 454 8 the the DT 34701 454 9 wedge wedge NN 34701 454 10 _ _ NNP 34701 454 11 W W NNP 34701 454 12 _ _ NNP 34701 454 13 , , , 34701 454 14 which which WDT 34701 454 15 is be VBZ 34701 454 16 forced force VBN 34701 454 17 in in RP 34701 454 18 by by IN 34701 454 19 the the DT 34701 454 20 screw screw NN 34701 454 21 _ _ NNP 34701 454 22 A A NNP 34701 454 23 _ _ NNP 34701 454 24 , , , 34701 454 25 as as IN 34701 454 26 required require VBN 34701 454 27 . . . 34701 455 1 The the DT 34701 455 2 inner inner JJ 34701 455 3 bearing bearing NN 34701 455 4 and and CC 34701 455 5 bed bed NN 34701 455 6 piece piece NN 34701 455 7 of of IN 34701 455 8 a a DT 34701 455 9 heavy heavy JJ 34701 455 10 duty duty NN 34701 455 11 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 455 12 engine engine NN 34701 455 13 is be VBZ 34701 455 14 shown show VBN 34701 455 15 in in IN 34701 455 16 Fig Fig NNP 34701 455 17 . . . 34701 456 1 35 35 CD 34701 456 2 . . . 34701 457 1 The the DT 34701 457 2 bearing bearing NN 34701 457 3 in in IN 34701 457 4 this this DT 34701 457 5 case case NN 34701 457 6 is be VBZ 34701 457 7 made make VBN 34701 457 8 up up RP 34701 457 9 of of IN 34701 457 10 four four CD 34701 457 11 sections section NNS 34701 457 12 , , , 34701 457 13 so so RB 34701 457 14 arranged arrange VBD 34701 457 15 that that IN 34701 457 16 either either DT 34701 457 17 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 457 18 or or CC 34701 457 19 vertical vertical JJ 34701 457 20 adjustment adjustment NN 34701 457 21 may may MD 34701 457 22 be be VB 34701 457 23 secured secure VBN 34701 457 24 by by IN 34701 457 25 the the DT 34701 457 26 use use NN 34701 457 27 of of IN 34701 457 28 adjusting adjust VBG 34701 457 29 screws screw NNS 34701 457 30 and and CC 34701 457 31 check check NN 34701 457 32 - - HYPH 34701 457 33 nuts nut NNS 34701 457 34 . . . 34701 458 1 Engines engine NNS 34701 458 2 of of IN 34701 458 3 the the DT 34701 458 4 slide slide NN 34701 458 5 - - HYPH 34701 458 6 valve valve NN 34701 458 7 type type NN 34701 458 8 are be VBP 34701 458 9 usually usually RB 34701 458 10 provided provide VBN 34701 458 11 either either CC 34701 458 12 with with IN 34701 458 13 a a DT 34701 458 14 fly fly NN 34701 458 15 - - HYPH 34701 458 16 ball ball NN 34701 458 17 throttling throttle VBG 34701 458 18 governor governor NN 34701 458 19 , , , 34701 458 20 or or CC 34701 458 21 a a DT 34701 458 22 shaft shaft NN 34701 458 23 governor governor NN 34701 458 24 . . . 34701 459 1 A a DT 34701 459 2 common common JJ 34701 459 3 form form NN 34701 459 4 of of IN 34701 459 5 throttling throttle VBG 34701 459 6 governor governor NN 34701 459 7 is be VBZ 34701 459 8 shown show VBN 34701 459 9 in in IN 34701 459 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 459 11 . . . 34701 460 1 36 36 CD 34701 460 2 . . . 34701 461 1 As as IN 34701 461 2 the the DT 34701 461 3 speed speed NN 34701 461 4 increases increase VBZ 34701 461 5 the the DT 34701 461 6 balls ball NNS 34701 461 7 _ _ NNP 34701 461 8 W W NNP 34701 461 9 _ _ NNP 34701 461 10 are be VBP 34701 461 11 thrown throw VBN 34701 461 12 outward outward RB 34701 461 13 by by IN 34701 461 14 the the DT 34701 461 15 action action NN 34701 461 16 of of IN 34701 461 17 the the DT 34701 461 18 centrifugal centrifugal JJ 34701 461 19 force force NN 34701 461 20 , , , 34701 461 21 and and CC 34701 461 22 being be VBG 34701 461 23 attached attach VBN 34701 461 24 to to IN 34701 461 25 arms arm NNS 34701 461 26 hinged hinge VBN 34701 461 27 above above IN 34701 461 28 them -PRON- PRP 34701 461 29 , , , 34701 461 30 any any DT 34701 461 31 outward outward JJ 34701 461 32 movement movement NN 34701 461 33 causes cause VBZ 34701 461 34 them -PRON- PRP 34701 461 35 to to TO 34701 461 36 rise rise VB 34701 461 37 . . . 34701 462 1 This this DT 34701 462 2 operates operate VBZ 34701 462 3 the the DT 34701 462 4 spindle spindle NN 34701 462 5 _ _ NNP 34701 462 6 S S NNP 34701 462 7 _ _ NNP 34701 462 8 , , , 34701 462 9 which which WDT 34701 462 10 , , , 34701 462 11 in in IN 34701 462 12 turn turn NN 34701 462 13 , , , 34701 462 14 partially partially RB 34701 462 15 closes close VBZ 34701 462 16 the the DT 34701 462 17 balanced balanced JJ 34701 462 18 valve valve NN 34701 462 19 in in IN 34701 462 20 body body NN 34701 462 21 _ _ NNP 34701 462 22 B B NNP 34701 462 23 _ _ NNP 34701 462 24 , , , 34701 462 25 thus thus RB 34701 462 26 cutting cut VBG 34701 462 27 down down RP 34701 462 28 the the DT 34701 462 29 steam steam NN 34701 462 30 supply supply NN 34701 462 31 delivered deliver VBN 34701 462 32 to to IN 34701 462 33 the the DT 34701 462 34 engine engine NN 34701 462 35 . . . 34701 463 1 The the DT 34701 463 2 action action NN 34701 463 3 of of IN 34701 463 4 a a DT 34701 463 5 throttling throttle VBG 34701 463 6 governor governor NN 34701 463 7 upon upon IN 34701 463 8 the the DT 34701 463 9 work work NN 34701 463 10 diagram diagram NN 34701 463 11 of of IN 34701 463 12 an an DT 34701 463 13 engine engine NN 34701 463 14 is be VBZ 34701 463 15 shown show VBN 34701 463 16 in in IN 34701 463 17 Fig Fig NNP 34701 463 18 . . . 34701 464 1 38 38 CD 34701 464 2 . . . 34701 465 1 Let let VB 34701 465 2 the the DT 34701 465 3 full full JJ 34701 465 4 line line NN 34701 465 5 represent represent VBP 34701 465 6 the the DT 34701 465 7 form form NN 34701 465 8 of of IN 34701 465 9 the the DT 34701 465 10 diagram diagram NN 34701 465 11 with with IN 34701 465 12 the the DT 34701 465 13 engine engine NN 34701 465 14 working work VBG 34701 465 15 at at IN 34701 465 16 full full JJ 34701 465 17 load load NN 34701 465 18 . . . 34701 466 1 Now now RB 34701 466 2 , , , 34701 466 3 if if IN 34701 466 4 a a DT 34701 466 5 part part NN 34701 466 6 of of IN 34701 466 7 the the DT 34701 466 8 load load NN 34701 466 9 be be VB 34701 466 10 thrown throw VBN 34701 466 11 off off RP 34701 466 12 , , , 34701 466 13 the the DT 34701 466 14 engine engine NN 34701 466 15 will will MD 34701 466 16 speed speed VB 34701 466 17 up up RP 34701 466 18 slightly slightly RB 34701 466 19 , , , 34701 466 20 causing cause VBG 34701 466 21 the the DT 34701 466 22 governor governor NN 34701 466 23 to to TO 34701 466 24 act act VB 34701 466 25 as as IN 34701 466 26 described describe VBN 34701 466 27 , , , 34701 466 28 thus thus RB 34701 466 29 bringing bring VBG 34701 466 30 the the DT 34701 466 31 admission admission NN 34701 466 32 and and CC 34701 466 33 expansion expansion NN 34701 466 34 lines line NNS 34701 466 35 into into IN 34701 466 36 the the DT 34701 466 37 lower low JJR 34701 466 38 positions position NNS 34701 466 39 , , , 34701 466 40 as as IN 34701 466 41 shown show VBN 34701 466 42 in in IN 34701 466 43 dotted dotted JJ 34701 466 44 lines line NNS 34701 466 45 . . . 34701 467 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 467 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 467 3 : : : 34701 467 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 467 5 . . . 34701 468 1 36 36 CD 34701 468 2 . . . 34701 469 1 Common common JJ 34701 469 2 Form form NN 34701 469 3 of of IN 34701 469 4 Throttling Throttling NNP 34701 469 5 Governor Governor NNP 34701 469 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 469 7 The the DT 34701 469 8 shaft shaft NN 34701 469 9 governor governor NN 34701 469 10 is be VBZ 34701 469 11 used use VBN 34701 469 12 almost almost RB 34701 469 13 universally universally RB 34701 469 14 on on IN 34701 469 15 high high JJ 34701 469 16 - - HYPH 34701 469 17 speed speed NN 34701 469 18 engines engine NNS 34701 469 19 , , , 34701 469 20 and and CC 34701 469 21 is be VBZ 34701 469 22 shown show VBN 34701 469 23 in in IN 34701 469 24 one one CD 34701 469 25 form form NN 34701 469 26 in in IN 34701 469 27 Fig Fig NNP 34701 469 28 . . . 34701 470 1 37 37 CD 34701 470 2 . . . 34701 471 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 471 2 consists consist VBZ 34701 471 3 , , , 34701 471 4 in in IN 34701 471 5 this this DT 34701 471 6 case case NN 34701 471 7 , , , 34701 471 8 of of IN 34701 471 9 two two CD 34701 471 10 weights weight NNS 34701 471 11 _ _ NNP 34701 471 12 W W NNP 34701 471 13 _ _ NNP 34701 471 14 , , , 34701 471 15 hinged hinge VBN 34701 471 16 to to IN 34701 471 17 the the DT 34701 471 18 spokes spoke NNS 34701 471 19 of of IN 34701 471 20 the the DT 34701 471 21 wheel wheel NN 34701 471 22 near near IN 34701 471 23 the the DT 34701 471 24 circumference circumference NN 34701 471 25 by by IN 34701 471 26 means mean NNS 34701 471 27 of of IN 34701 471 28 suitable suitable JJ 34701 471 29 arms arm NNS 34701 471 30 . . . 34701 472 1 Attached attach VBN 34701 472 2 to to IN 34701 472 3 the the DT 34701 472 4 arms arm NNS 34701 472 5 , , , 34701 472 6 as as IN 34701 472 7 shown show VBN 34701 472 8 , , , 34701 472 9 are be VBP 34701 472 10 coil coil NNP 34701 472 11 springs springs NNP 34701 472 12 _ _ NNP 34701 472 13 C C NNP 34701 472 14 _ _ NNP 34701 472 15 . . . 34701 473 1 The the DT 34701 473 2 ends end NNS 34701 473 3 of of IN 34701 473 4 the the DT 34701 473 5 arms arm NNS 34701 473 6 beyond beyond IN 34701 473 7 the the DT 34701 473 8 weights weight NNS 34701 473 9 are be VBP 34701 473 10 connected connect VBN 34701 473 11 by by IN 34701 473 12 means mean NNS 34701 473 13 of of IN 34701 473 14 levers lever NNS 34701 473 15 _ _ NNP 34701 473 16 L L NNP 34701 473 17 _ _ NNP 34701 473 18 to to IN 34701 473 19 the the DT 34701 473 20 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 473 21 disk disk NN 34701 473 22 . . . 34701 474 1 When when WRB 34701 474 2 the the DT 34701 474 3 engine engine NN 34701 474 4 speeds speed VBZ 34701 474 5 up up RP 34701 474 6 , , , 34701 474 7 the the DT 34701 474 8 weights weight NNS 34701 474 9 tend tend VBP 34701 474 10 to to TO 34701 474 11 swing swing VB 34701 474 12 outward outward RB 34701 474 13 toward toward IN 34701 474 14 the the DT 34701 474 15 rim rim NN 34701 474 16 of of IN 34701 474 17 the the DT 34701 474 18 wheel wheel NN 34701 474 19 , , , 34701 474 20 the the DT 34701 474 21 amount amount NN 34701 474 22 of of IN 34701 474 23 the the DT 34701 474 24 movement movement NN 34701 474 25 being be VBG 34701 474 26 regulated regulate VBN 34701 474 27 by by IN 34701 474 28 the the DT 34701 474 29 tension tension NN 34701 474 30 of of IN 34701 474 31 the the DT 34701 474 32 springs spring NNS 34701 474 33 _ _ NNP 34701 474 34 C C NNP 34701 474 35 _ _ NNP 34701 474 36 . . . 34701 475 1 As as IN 34701 475 2 the the DT 34701 475 3 arms arm NNS 34701 475 4 move move VBP 34701 475 5 outward outward RB 34701 475 6 , , , 34701 475 7 the the DT 34701 475 8 levers lever NNS 34701 475 9 at at IN 34701 475 10 the the DT 34701 475 11 ends end NNS 34701 475 12 turn turn VBP 34701 475 13 the the DT 34701 475 14 eccentric eccentric JJ 34701 475 15 disk disk NN 34701 475 16 on on IN 34701 475 17 the the DT 34701 475 18 shaft shaft NN 34701 475 19 , , , 34701 475 20 the the DT 34701 475 21 effect effect NN 34701 475 22 of of IN 34701 475 23 which which WDT 34701 475 24 is be VBZ 34701 475 25 to to TO 34701 475 26 change change VB 34701 475 27 the the DT 34701 475 28 angle angle NN 34701 475 29 of of IN 34701 475 30 advance advance NN 34701 475 31 and and CC 34701 475 32 shorten shorten VB 34701 475 33 the the DT 34701 475 34 cut cut NN 34701 475 35 - - HYPH 34701 475 36 off off NN 34701 475 37 . . . 34701 476 1 When when WRB 34701 476 2 the the DT 34701 476 3 speed speed NN 34701 476 4 falls fall VBZ 34701 476 5 below below IN 34701 476 6 the the DT 34701 476 7 normal normal JJ 34701 476 8 , , , 34701 476 9 the the DT 34701 476 10 weights weight NNS 34701 476 11 move move VBP 34701 476 12 toward toward IN 34701 476 13 the the DT 34701 476 14 center center NN 34701 476 15 and and CC 34701 476 16 the the DT 34701 476 17 cut cut NN 34701 476 18 - - HYPH 34701 476 19 off off NN 34701 476 20 is be VBZ 34701 476 21 lengthened lengthen VBN 34701 476 22 . . . 34701 477 1 The the DT 34701 477 2 effect effect NN 34701 477 3 of of IN 34701 477 4 this this DT 34701 477 5 form form NN 34701 477 6 of of IN 34701 477 7 governor governor NN 34701 477 8 on on IN 34701 477 9 the the DT 34701 477 10 diagram diagram NN 34701 477 11 is be VBZ 34701 477 12 shown show VBN 34701 477 13 in in IN 34701 477 14 Fig Fig NNP 34701 477 15 . . . 34701 478 1 39 39 CD 34701 478 2 . . . 34701 479 1 The the DT 34701 479 2 full full JJ 34701 479 3 line line NN 34701 479 4 represents represent VBZ 34701 479 5 the the DT 34701 479 6 diagram diagram NN 34701 479 7 at at IN 34701 479 8 full full JJ 34701 479 9 load load NN 34701 479 10 , , , 34701 479 11 and and CC 34701 479 12 the the DT 34701 479 13 dotted dotted JJ 34701 479 14 line line NN 34701 479 15 when when WRB 34701 479 16 the the DT 34701 479 17 engine engine NN 34701 479 18 is be VBZ 34701 479 19 under under RB 34701 479 20 - - HYPH 34701 479 21 loaded loaded JJ 34701 479 22 . . . 34701 480 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 480 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 480 3 : : : 34701 480 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 480 5 . . . 34701 481 1 37 37 CD 34701 481 2 . . . 34701 482 1 Shaft shaft NN 34701 482 2 Governor governor NN 34701 482 3 for for IN 34701 482 4 High high JJ 34701 482 5 - - HYPH 34701 482 6 speed speed NN 34701 482 7 Engine Engine NNP 34701 482 8 ] ] -RRB- 34701 482 9 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 34701 482 10 IV IV NNP 34701 482 11 STEAM STEAM NNP 34701 482 12 ENGINE ENGINE NNS 34701 482 13 ECONOMY economy NN 34701 482 14 Under under IN 34701 482 15 the the DT 34701 482 16 general general JJ 34701 482 17 heading heading NN 34701 482 18 of of IN 34701 482 19 steam steam NN 34701 482 20 engine engine NN 34701 482 21 economy economy NN 34701 482 22 , , , 34701 482 23 such such JJ 34701 482 24 items item NNS 34701 482 25 as as IN 34701 482 26 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 482 27 condensation condensation NN 34701 482 28 , , , 34701 482 29 steam steam NN 34701 482 30 consumption consumption NN 34701 482 31 , , , 34701 482 32 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 482 33 , , , 34701 482 34 ratio ratio NN 34701 482 35 of of IN 34701 482 36 expansion expansion NN 34701 482 37 , , , 34701 482 38 under- under- NN 34701 482 39 and and CC 34701 482 40 over over RB 34701 482 41 - - HYPH 34701 482 42 loading loading NN 34701 482 43 , , , 34701 482 44 condensing condensing NN 34701 482 45 , , , 34701 482 46 etc etc FW 34701 482 47 . . . 34701 482 48 , , , 34701 482 49 are be VBP 34701 482 50 treated treat VBN 34701 482 51 . . . 34701 483 1 The the DT 34701 483 2 principal principal JJ 34701 483 3 waste waste NN 34701 483 4 of of IN 34701 483 5 steam steam NN 34701 483 6 in in IN 34701 483 7 the the DT 34701 483 8 operation operation NN 34701 483 9 of of IN 34701 483 10 an an DT 34701 483 11 engine engine NN 34701 483 12 is be VBZ 34701 483 13 due due JJ 34701 483 14 to to IN 34701 483 15 condensation condensation NN 34701 483 16 during during IN 34701 483 17 the the DT 34701 483 18 first first JJ 34701 483 19 part part NN 34701 483 20 of of IN 34701 483 21 the the DT 34701 483 22 stroke stroke NN 34701 483 23 . . . 34701 484 1 This this DT 34701 484 2 condensation condensation NN 34701 484 3 is be VBZ 34701 484 4 due due JJ 34701 484 5 to to IN 34701 484 6 the the DT 34701 484 7 fact fact NN 34701 484 8 that that IN 34701 484 9 during during IN 34701 484 10 expansion expansion NN 34701 484 11 and and CC 34701 484 12 exhaust exhaust VB 34701 484 13 the the DT 34701 484 14 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 484 15 walls wall NNS 34701 484 16 and and CC 34701 484 17 head head NN 34701 484 18 and and CC 34701 484 19 the the DT 34701 484 20 piston piston NN 34701 484 21 are be VBP 34701 484 22 in in IN 34701 484 23 contact contact NN 34701 484 24 with with IN 34701 484 25 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 484 26 cool cool JJ 34701 484 27 steam steam NN 34701 484 28 , , , 34701 484 29 and and CC 34701 484 30 , , , 34701 484 31 therefore therefore RB 34701 484 32 , , , 34701 484 33 give give VBP 34701 484 34 up up RP 34701 484 35 a a DT 34701 484 36 considerable considerable JJ 34701 484 37 amount amount NN 34701 484 38 of of IN 34701 484 39 heat heat NN 34701 484 40 . . . 34701 485 1 When when WRB 34701 485 2 fresh fresh JJ 34701 485 3 steam steam NN 34701 485 4 is be VBZ 34701 485 5 admitted admit VBN 34701 485 6 at at IN 34701 485 7 a a DT 34701 485 8 high high JJ 34701 485 9 temperature temperature NN 34701 485 10 , , , 34701 485 11 it -PRON- PRP 34701 485 12 immediately immediately RB 34701 485 13 gives give VBZ 34701 485 14 up up RP 34701 485 15 sufficient sufficient JJ 34701 485 16 heat heat NN 34701 485 17 to to TO 34701 485 18 raise raise VB 34701 485 19 the the DT 34701 485 20 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 485 21 walls wall NNS 34701 485 22 to to IN 34701 485 23 a a DT 34701 485 24 temperature temperature NN 34701 485 25 approximating approximate VBG 34701 485 26 that that DT 34701 485 27 of of IN 34701 485 28 the the DT 34701 485 29 entering enter VBG 34701 485 30 steam steam NN 34701 485 31 . . . 34701 486 1 This this DT 34701 486 2 results result VBZ 34701 486 3 in in IN 34701 486 4 the the DT 34701 486 5 condensation condensation NN 34701 486 6 of of IN 34701 486 7 a a DT 34701 486 8 certain certain JJ 34701 486 9 amount amount NN 34701 486 10 of of IN 34701 486 11 steam steam NN 34701 486 12 , , , 34701 486 13 the the DT 34701 486 14 quantity quantity NN 34701 486 15 depending depend VBG 34701 486 16 upon upon IN 34701 486 17 the the DT 34701 486 18 time time NN 34701 486 19 allowed allow VBN 34701 486 20 for for IN 34701 486 21 the the DT 34701 486 22 transfer transfer NN 34701 486 23 of of IN 34701 486 24 heat heat NN 34701 486 25 , , , 34701 486 26 the the DT 34701 486 27 area area NN 34701 486 28 of of IN 34701 486 29 exposed expose VBN 34701 486 30 surface surface NN 34701 486 31 , , , 34701 486 32 and and CC 34701 486 33 the the DT 34701 486 34 temperature temperature NN 34701 486 35 of of IN 34701 486 36 the the DT 34701 486 37 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 486 38 walls wall NNS 34701 486 39 . . . 34701 487 1 During during IN 34701 487 2 the the DT 34701 487 3 period period NN 34701 487 4 of of IN 34701 487 5 expansion expansion NN 34701 487 6 the the DT 34701 487 7 temperature temperature NN 34701 487 8 falls fall VBZ 34701 487 9 rapidly rapidly RB 34701 487 10 , , , 34701 487 11 and and CC 34701 487 12 the the DT 34701 487 13 steam steam NN 34701 487 14 being be VBG 34701 487 15 wet wet JJ 34701 487 16 , , , 34701 487 17 absorbs absorb VBZ 34701 487 18 a a DT 34701 487 19 large large JJ 34701 487 20 amount amount NN 34701 487 21 of of IN 34701 487 22 heat heat NN 34701 487 23 . . . 34701 488 1 After after IN 34701 488 2 the the DT 34701 488 3 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 488 4 valve valve NN 34701 488 5 opens open VBZ 34701 488 6 , , , 34701 488 7 the the DT 34701 488 8 drop drop NN 34701 488 9 in in IN 34701 488 10 pressure pressure NN 34701 488 11 allows allow VBZ 34701 488 12 the the DT 34701 488 13 moisture moisture NN 34701 488 14 that that WDT 34701 488 15 has have VBZ 34701 488 16 collected collect VBN 34701 488 17 on on IN 34701 488 18 the the DT 34701 488 19 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 488 20 walls wall NNS 34701 488 21 to to TO 34701 488 22 evaporate evaporate VB 34701 488 23 into into IN 34701 488 24 steam steam NN 34701 488 25 , , , 34701 488 26 so so IN 34701 488 27 that that IN 34701 488 28 during during IN 34701 488 29 the the DT 34701 488 30 exhaust exhaust JJ 34701 488 31 period period NN 34701 488 32 but but CC 34701 488 33 little little JJ 34701 488 34 heat heat NN 34701 488 35 is be VBZ 34701 488 36 transferred transfer VBN 34701 488 37 . . . 34701 489 1 With with IN 34701 489 2 the the DT 34701 489 3 admission admission NN 34701 489 4 of of IN 34701 489 5 fresh fresh JJ 34701 489 6 steam steam NN 34701 489 7 at at IN 34701 489 8 boiler boiler NN 34701 489 9 pressure pressure NN 34701 489 10 , , , 34701 489 11 a a DT 34701 489 12 mist mist NN 34701 489 13 is be VBZ 34701 489 14 condensed condense VBN 34701 489 15 on on IN 34701 489 16 the the DT 34701 489 17 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 489 18 walls wall NNS 34701 489 19 , , , 34701 489 20 which which WDT 34701 489 21 greatly greatly RB 34701 489 22 increases increase VBZ 34701 489 23 the the DT 34701 489 24 rapidity rapidity NN 34701 489 25 with with IN 34701 489 26 which which WDT 34701 489 27 heat heat NN 34701 489 28 is be VBZ 34701 489 29 absorbed absorb VBN 34701 489 30 . . . 34701 490 1 The the DT 34701 490 2 amount amount NN 34701 490 3 of of IN 34701 490 4 heat heat NN 34701 490 5 lost lose VBN 34701 490 6 through through IN 34701 490 7 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 490 8 condensation condensation NN 34701 490 9 is be VBZ 34701 490 10 best well RBS 34701 490 11 shown show VBN 34701 490 12 by by IN 34701 490 13 a a DT 34701 490 14 practical practical JJ 34701 490 15 illustration illustration NN 34701 490 16 . . . 34701 491 1 One one CD 34701 491 2 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 491 3 is be VBZ 34701 491 4 equal equal JJ 34701 491 5 to to IN 34701 491 6 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 491 7 foot foot NN 34701 491 8 - - HYPH 34701 491 9 pounds pound NNS 34701 491 10 of of IN 34701 491 11 work work NN 34701 491 12 per per IN 34701 491 13 minute minute NN 34701 491 14 , , , 34701 491 15 or or CC 34701 491 16 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 491 17 × × CD 34701 491 18 60 60 CD 34701 491 19 = = SYM 34701 491 20 1,980,000 1,980,000 CD 34701 491 21 foot foot NN 34701 491 22 - - HYPH 34701 491 23 pounds pound NNS 34701 491 24 per per IN 34701 491 25 hour hour NN 34701 491 26 . . . 34701 492 1 This this DT 34701 492 2 is be VBZ 34701 492 3 equivalent equivalent JJ 34701 492 4 to to IN 34701 492 5 1,980,000 1,980,000 CD 34701 492 6 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 492 7 778 778 CD 34701 492 8 = = SYM 34701 492 9 2,550 2,550 CD 34701 492 10 heat heat NN 34701 492 11 units unit NNS 34701 492 12 . . . 34701 493 1 The the DT 34701 493 2 latent latent JJ 34701 493 3 heat heat NN 34701 493 4 of of IN 34701 493 5 steam steam NN 34701 493 6 at at IN 34701 493 7 90 90 CD 34701 493 8 pounds pound NNS 34701 493 9 gage gage NN 34701 493 10 pressure pressure NN 34701 493 11 is be VBZ 34701 493 12 881 881 CD 34701 493 13 heat heat NN 34701 493 14 units unit NNS 34701 493 15 . . . 34701 494 1 Hence hence RB 34701 494 2 , , , 34701 494 3 2,250 2,250 CD 34701 494 4 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 494 5 881 881 CD 34701 494 6 = = SYM 34701 494 7 2.9 2.9 CD 34701 494 8 pounds pound NNS 34701 494 9 of of IN 34701 494 10 steam steam NN 34701 494 11 at at IN 34701 494 12 90 90 CD 34701 494 13 pounds pound NNS 34701 494 14 pressure pressure NN 34701 494 15 is be VBZ 34701 494 16 required require VBN 34701 494 17 per per IN 34701 494 18 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 494 19 , , , 34701 494 20 provided provide VBN 34701 494 21 there there EX 34701 494 22 is be VBZ 34701 494 23 no no DT 34701 494 24 loss loss NN 34701 494 25 of of IN 34701 494 26 steam steam NN 34701 494 27 , , , 34701 494 28 and and CC 34701 494 29 all all DT 34701 494 30 of of IN 34701 494 31 the the DT 34701 494 32 contained contained JJ 34701 494 33 heat heat NN 34701 494 34 is be VBZ 34701 494 35 changed change VBN 34701 494 36 into into IN 34701 494 37 useful useful JJ 34701 494 38 work work NN 34701 494 39 . . . 34701 495 1 As as IN 34701 495 2 a a DT 34701 495 3 matter matter NN 34701 495 4 of of IN 34701 495 5 fact fact NN 34701 495 6 , , , 34701 495 7 from from IN 34701 495 8 30 30 CD 34701 495 9 to to TO 34701 495 10 35 35 CD 34701 495 11 pounds pound NNS 34701 495 12 of of IN 34701 495 13 steam steam NN 34701 495 14 are be VBP 34701 495 15 required require VBN 34701 495 16 in in IN 34701 495 17 the the DT 34701 495 18 average average JJ 34701 495 19 simple simple JJ 34701 495 20 non non JJ 34701 495 21 - - JJ 34701 495 22 condensing condensing JJ 34701 495 23 high high JJ 34701 495 24 - - HYPH 34701 495 25 speed speed NN 34701 495 26 engine engine NN 34701 495 27 . . . 34701 496 1 There there EX 34701 496 2 are be VBP 34701 496 3 three three CD 34701 496 4 remedies remedy NNS 34701 496 5 which which WDT 34701 496 6 are be VBP 34701 496 7 used use VBN 34701 496 8 to to TO 34701 496 9 reduce reduce VB 34701 496 10 the the DT 34701 496 11 amount amount NN 34701 496 12 of of IN 34701 496 13 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 496 14 condensation condensation NN 34701 496 15 . . . 34701 497 1 The the DT 34701 497 2 first first JJ 34701 497 3 to to TO 34701 497 4 be be VB 34701 497 5 used use VBN 34701 497 6 was be VBD 34701 497 7 called call VBN 34701 497 8 steam steam NN 34701 497 9 jacketing jacketing NN 34701 497 10 , , , 34701 497 11 and and CC 34701 497 12 consisted consist VBD 34701 497 13 in in IN 34701 497 14 surrounding surround VBG 34701 497 15 the the DT 34701 497 16 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 497 17 with with IN 34701 497 18 a a DT 34701 497 19 layer layer NN 34701 497 20 of of IN 34701 497 21 high high JJ 34701 497 22 - - HYPH 34701 497 23 pressure pressure NN 34701 497 24 steam steam NN 34701 497 25 , , , 34701 497 26 the the DT 34701 497 27 idea idea NN 34701 497 28 being be VBG 34701 497 29 to to TO 34701 497 30 keep keep VB 34701 497 31 the the DT 34701 497 32 inner inner JJ 34701 497 33 walls wall NNS 34701 497 34 up up IN 34701 497 35 to to IN 34701 497 36 a a DT 34701 497 37 temperature temperature NN 34701 497 38 nearly nearly RB 34701 497 39 equal equal JJ 34701 497 40 to to IN 34701 497 41 that that DT 34701 497 42 of of IN 34701 497 43 the the DT 34701 497 44 incoming incoming JJ 34701 497 45 steam steam NN 34701 497 46 . . . 34701 498 1 This this DT 34701 498 2 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 498 3 is be VBZ 34701 498 4 but but CC 34701 498 5 little little JJ 34701 498 6 used use VBN 34701 498 7 at at IN 34701 498 8 the the DT 34701 498 9 present present JJ 34701 498 10 time time NN 34701 498 11 , , , 34701 498 12 owing owe VBG 34701 498 13 both both CC 34701 498 14 to to IN 34701 498 15 the the DT 34701 498 16 expense expense NN 34701 498 17 of of IN 34701 498 18 operation operation NN 34701 498 19 and and CC 34701 498 20 to to IN 34701 498 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 498 22 ineffectiveness ineffectiveness NN 34701 498 23 as as IN 34701 498 24 compared compare VBN 34701 498 25 with with IN 34701 498 26 other other JJ 34701 498 27 methods method NNS 34701 498 28 . . . 34701 499 1 The the DT 34701 499 2 second second JJ 34701 499 3 remedy remedy NN 34701 499 4 is be VBZ 34701 499 5 the the DT 34701 499 6 use use NN 34701 499 7 of of IN 34701 499 8 superheated superheate VBN 34701 499 9 steam steam NN 34701 499 10 . . . 34701 500 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 500 2 has have VBZ 34701 500 3 been be VBN 34701 500 4 stated state VBN 34701 500 5 that that IN 34701 500 6 the the DT 34701 500 7 transfer transfer NN 34701 500 8 of of IN 34701 500 9 heat heat NN 34701 500 10 takes take VBZ 34701 500 11 place place NN 34701 500 12 much much RB 34701 500 13 more more RBR 34701 500 14 rapidly rapidly RB 34701 500 15 when when WRB 34701 500 16 the the DT 34701 500 17 interior interior JJ 34701 500 18 surfaces surface NNS 34701 500 19 are be VBP 34701 500 20 covered cover VBN 34701 500 21 with with IN 34701 500 22 a a DT 34701 500 23 coating coating NN 34701 500 24 of of IN 34701 500 25 moisture moisture NN 34701 500 26 or or CC 34701 500 27 mist mist NN 34701 500 28 . . . 34701 501 1 Superheated superheate VBN 34701 501 2 steam steam NN 34701 501 3 has have VBZ 34701 501 4 a a DT 34701 501 5 temperature temperature NN 34701 501 6 considerably considerably RB 34701 501 7 above above IN 34701 501 8 the the DT 34701 501 9 point point NN 34701 501 10 of of IN 34701 501 11 saturation saturation NN 34701 501 12 at at IN 34701 501 13 the the DT 34701 501 14 given give VBN 34701 501 15 pressure pressure NN 34701 501 16 ; ; : 34701 501 17 hence hence RB 34701 501 18 , , , 34701 501 19 it -PRON- PRP 34701 501 20 is be VBZ 34701 501 21 possible possible JJ 34701 501 22 to to TO 34701 501 23 cool cool VB 34701 501 24 it -PRON- PRP 34701 501 25 a a DT 34701 501 26 certain certain JJ 34701 501 27 amount amount NN 34701 501 28 before before IN 34701 501 29 condensation condensation NN 34701 501 30 begins begin VBZ 34701 501 31 . . . 34701 502 1 This this DT 34701 502 2 has have VBZ 34701 502 3 the the DT 34701 502 4 effect effect NN 34701 502 5 of of IN 34701 502 6 reducing reduce VBG 34701 502 7 the the DT 34701 502 8 transfer transfer NN 34701 502 9 of of IN 34701 502 10 heat heat NN 34701 502 11 for for IN 34701 502 12 a a DT 34701 502 13 short short JJ 34701 502 14 period period NN 34701 502 15 following follow VBG 34701 502 16 admission admission NN 34701 502 17 , , , 34701 502 18 and and CC 34701 502 19 this this DT 34701 502 20 is be VBZ 34701 502 21 the the DT 34701 502 22 time time NN 34701 502 23 that that WDT 34701 502 24 condensation condensation NN 34701 502 25 takes take VBZ 34701 502 26 place place NN 34701 502 27 most most RBS 34701 502 28 rapidly rapidly RB 34701 502 29 under under IN 34701 502 30 ordinary ordinary JJ 34701 502 31 conditions condition NNS 34701 502 32 with with IN 34701 502 33 saturated saturate VBN 34701 502 34 steam steam NN 34701 502 35 . . . 34701 503 1 This this DT 34701 503 2 , , , 34701 503 3 in in IN 34701 503 4 fact fact NN 34701 503 5 , , , 34701 503 6 is be VBZ 34701 503 7 the the DT 34701 503 8 principal principal JJ 34701 503 9 advantage advantage NN 34701 503 10 derived derive VBN 34701 503 11 from from IN 34701 503 12 the the DT 34701 503 13 use use NN 34701 503 14 of of IN 34701 503 15 superheated superheate VBN 34701 503 16 steam steam NN 34701 503 17 , , , 34701 503 18 although although IN 34701 503 19 it -PRON- PRP 34701 503 20 is be VBZ 34701 503 21 also also RB 34701 503 22 lighter light JJR 34701 503 23 for for IN 34701 503 24 a a DT 34701 503 25 given give VBN 34701 503 26 volume volume NN 34701 503 27 , , , 34701 503 28 and and CC 34701 503 29 therefore therefore RB 34701 503 30 , , , 34701 503 31 a a DT 34701 503 32 less less JJR 34701 503 33 weight weight NN 34701 503 34 of of IN 34701 503 35 steam steam NN 34701 503 36 is be VBZ 34701 503 37 required require VBN 34701 503 38 , , , 34701 503 39 to to TO 34701 503 40 fill fill VB 34701 503 41 the the DT 34701 503 42 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 503 43 up up IN 34701 503 44 to to IN 34701 503 45 the the DT 34701 503 46 point point NN 34701 503 47 of of IN 34701 503 48 cut cut NN 34701 503 49 - - HYPH 34701 503 50 off off NN 34701 503 51 . . . 34701 504 1 The the DT 34701 504 2 economical economical JJ 34701 504 3 degree degree NN 34701 504 4 of of IN 34701 504 5 superheating superheate VBG 34701 504 6 is be VBZ 34701 504 7 considered consider VBN 34701 504 8 to to TO 34701 504 9 be be VB 34701 504 10 that that IN 34701 504 11 which which WDT 34701 504 12 will will MD 34701 504 13 prevent prevent VB 34701 504 14 the the DT 34701 504 15 condensation condensation NN 34701 504 16 of of IN 34701 504 17 any any DT 34701 504 18 steam steam NN 34701 504 19 on on IN 34701 504 20 the the DT 34701 504 21 walls wall NNS 34701 504 22 of of IN 34701 504 23 the the DT 34701 504 24 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 504 25 up up IN 34701 504 26 to to IN 34701 504 27 the the DT 34701 504 28 point point NN 34701 504 29 of of IN 34701 504 30 cut cut NN 34701 504 31 - - HYPH 34701 504 32 off off RP 34701 504 33 , , , 34701 504 34 thus thus RB 34701 504 35 keeping keep VBG 34701 504 36 them -PRON- PRP 34701 504 37 at at IN 34701 504 38 all all DT 34701 504 39 times time NNS 34701 504 40 free free JJ 34701 504 41 from from IN 34701 504 42 moisture moisture NN 34701 504 43 . . . 34701 505 1 The the DT 34701 505 2 objections objection NNS 34701 505 3 to to IN 34701 505 4 superheated superheate VBN 34701 505 5 steam steam NN 34701 505 6 are be VBP 34701 505 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 505 8 cutting cut VBG 34701 505 9 effect effect NN 34701 505 10 in in IN 34701 505 11 the the DT 34701 505 12 passages passage NNS 34701 505 13 through through IN 34701 505 14 which which WDT 34701 505 15 it -PRON- PRP 34701 505 16 flows flow VBZ 34701 505 17 , , , 34701 505 18 and and CC 34701 505 19 the the DT 34701 505 20 difficulty difficulty NN 34701 505 21 experienced experience VBD 34701 505 22 in in IN 34701 505 23 lubricating lubricate VBG 34701 505 24 the the DT 34701 505 25 valves valve NNS 34701 505 26 and and CC 34701 505 27 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 505 28 at at IN 34701 505 29 such such PDT 34701 505 30 a a DT 34701 505 31 high high JJ 34701 505 32 temperature temperature NN 34701 505 33 . . . 34701 506 1 The the DT 34701 506 2 third third JJ 34701 506 3 and and CC 34701 506 4 most most RBS 34701 506 5 effective effective JJ 34701 506 6 remedy remedy NN 34701 506 7 for for IN 34701 506 8 condensation condensation NN 34701 506 9 losses loss NNS 34701 506 10 is be VBZ 34701 506 11 that that RB 34701 506 12 known know VBN 34701 506 13 as as IN 34701 506 14 compounding compounding NN 34701 506 15 , , , 34701 506 16 which which WDT 34701 506 17 will will MD 34701 506 18 be be VB 34701 506 19 treated treat VBN 34701 506 20 under under IN 34701 506 21 a a DT 34701 506 22 separate separate JJ 34701 506 23 heading heading NN 34701 506 24 in in IN 34701 506 25 the the DT 34701 506 26 following following NN 34701 506 27 . . . 34701 507 1 Multiple Multiple NNP 34701 507 2 Expansion Expansion NNP 34701 507 3 Engines engine NNS 34701 507 4 It -PRON- PRP 34701 507 5 has have VBZ 34701 507 6 been be VBN 34701 507 7 explained explain VBN 34701 507 8 that that IN 34701 507 9 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 507 10 condensation condensation NN 34701 507 11 is be VBZ 34701 507 12 due due JJ 34701 507 13 principally principally RB 34701 507 14 to to IN 34701 507 15 the the DT 34701 507 16 change change NN 34701 507 17 in in IN 34701 507 18 temperature temperature NN 34701 507 19 of of IN 34701 507 20 the the DT 34701 507 21 interior interior JJ 34701 507 22 surfaces surface NNS 34701 507 23 of of IN 34701 507 24 the the DT 34701 507 25 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 507 26 , , , 34701 507 27 caused cause VBN 34701 507 28 by by IN 34701 507 29 the the DT 34701 507 30 variation variation NN 34701 507 31 in in IN 34701 507 32 temperature temperature NN 34701 507 33 of of IN 34701 507 34 the the DT 34701 507 35 steam steam NN 34701 507 36 at at IN 34701 507 37 initial initial JJ 34701 507 38 and and CC 34701 507 39 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 507 40 pressures pressure NNS 34701 507 41 . . . 34701 508 1 Therefore therefore RB 34701 508 2 , , , 34701 508 3 if if IN 34701 508 4 the the DT 34701 508 5 temperature temperature NN 34701 508 6 range range NN 34701 508 7 be be VB 34701 508 8 divided divide VBN 34701 508 9 between between IN 34701 508 10 two two CD 34701 508 11 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 508 12 which which WDT 34701 508 13 are be VBP 34701 508 14 operated operate VBN 34701 508 15 in in IN 34701 508 16 series series NNP 34701 508 17 , , , 34701 508 18 the the DT 34701 508 19 steam steam NN 34701 508 20 condensed condense VBN 34701 508 21 in in IN 34701 508 22 the the DT 34701 508 23 first first JJ 34701 508 24 or or CC 34701 508 25 high high JJ 34701 508 26 pressure pressure NN 34701 508 27 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 508 28 will will MD 34701 508 29 be be VB 34701 508 30 re re VBN 34701 508 31 - - VBN 34701 508 32 evaporated evaporate VBN 34701 508 33 and and CC 34701 508 34 passed pass VBN 34701 508 35 into into IN 34701 508 36 the the DT 34701 508 37 low low JJ 34701 508 38 - - HYPH 34701 508 39 pressure pressure NN 34701 508 40 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 508 41 as as IN 34701 508 42 steam steam NN 34701 508 43 , , , 34701 508 44 where where WRB 34701 508 45 it -PRON- PRP 34701 508 46 will will MD 34701 508 47 again again RB 34701 508 48 be be VB 34701 508 49 condensed condense VBN 34701 508 50 and and CC 34701 508 51 re re VBN 34701 508 52 - - VBN 34701 508 53 evaporated evaporate VBD 34701 508 54 as as IN 34701 508 55 it -PRON- PRP 34701 508 56 passes pass VBZ 34701 508 57 into into IN 34701 508 58 the the DT 34701 508 59 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 508 60 pipe pipe NN 34701 508 61 . . . 34701 509 1 Theoretically theoretically RB 34701 509 2 , , , 34701 509 3 this this DT 34701 509 4 should should MD 34701 509 5 reduce reduce VB 34701 509 6 the the DT 34701 509 7 condensation condensation NN 34701 509 8 loss loss NN 34701 509 9 by by IN 34701 509 10 one one CD 34701 509 11 - - HYPH 34701 509 12 half half NN 34701 509 13 , , , 34701 509 14 and and CC 34701 509 15 if if IN 34701 509 16 three three CD 34701 509 17 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 509 18 are be VBP 34701 509 19 used use VBN 34701 509 20 , , , 34701 509 21 the the DT 34701 509 22 loss loss NN 34701 509 23 should should MD 34701 509 24 be be VB 34701 509 25 only only RB 34701 509 26 one one CD 34701 509 27 - - HYPH 34701 509 28 third third NN 34701 509 29 of of IN 34701 509 30 that that DT 34701 509 31 in in IN 34701 509 32 a a DT 34701 509 33 simple simple JJ 34701 509 34 engine engine NN 34701 509 35 . . . 34701 510 1 In in IN 34701 510 2 actual actual JJ 34701 510 3 practice practice NN 34701 510 4 the the DT 34701 510 5 saving saving NN 34701 510 6 is be VBZ 34701 510 7 not not RB 34701 510 8 as as RB 34701 510 9 great great JJ 34701 510 10 as as IN 34701 510 11 this this DT 34701 510 12 , , , 34701 510 13 but but CC 34701 510 14 with with IN 34701 510 15 the the DT 34701 510 16 proper proper JJ 34701 510 17 relation relation NN 34701 510 18 between between IN 34701 510 19 the the DT 34701 510 20 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 510 21 , , , 34701 510 22 these these DT 34701 510 23 results result NNS 34701 510 24 are be VBP 34701 510 25 approximated approximate VBN 34701 510 26 . . . 34701 511 1 Engines engine NNS 34701 511 2 in in IN 34701 511 3 which which WDT 34701 511 4 expansion expansion NN 34701 511 5 takes take VBZ 34701 511 6 place place NN 34701 511 7 in in IN 34701 511 8 two two CD 34701 511 9 stages stage NNS 34701 511 10 are be VBP 34701 511 11 called call VBN 34701 511 12 compound compound NN 34701 511 13 engines engine NNS 34701 511 14 . . . 34701 512 1 When when WRB 34701 512 2 three three CD 34701 512 3 stages stage NNS 34701 512 4 are be VBP 34701 512 5 employed employ VBN 34701 512 6 , , , 34701 512 7 they -PRON- PRP 34701 512 8 are be VBP 34701 512 9 called call VBN 34701 512 10 triple triple JJ 34701 512 11 expansion expansion NN 34701 512 12 engines engine NNS 34701 512 13 . . . 34701 513 1 Compounding compounding NN 34701 513 2 adds add VBZ 34701 513 3 to to IN 34701 513 4 the the DT 34701 513 5 first first JJ 34701 513 6 cost cost NN 34701 513 7 of of IN 34701 513 8 an an DT 34701 513 9 engine engine NN 34701 513 10 , , , 34701 513 11 and and CC 34701 513 12 also also RB 34701 513 13 to to IN 34701 513 14 the the DT 34701 513 15 friction friction NN 34701 513 16 , , , 34701 513 17 so so IN 34701 513 18 that that IN 34701 513 19 in in IN 34701 513 20 determining determine VBG 34701 513 21 the the DT 34701 513 22 most most RBS 34701 513 23 economical economical JJ 34701 513 24 number number NN 34701 513 25 of of IN 34701 513 26 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 513 27 to to TO 34701 513 28 employ employ VB 34701 513 29 , , , 34701 513 30 the the DT 34701 513 31 actual actual JJ 34701 513 32 relation relation NN 34701 513 33 between between IN 34701 513 34 the the DT 34701 513 35 condensation condensation NN 34701 513 36 loss loss NN 34701 513 37 and and CC 34701 513 38 the the DT 34701 513 39 increased increase VBN 34701 513 40 cost cost NN 34701 513 41 of of IN 34701 513 42 the the DT 34701 513 43 engine engine NN 34701 513 44 and and CC 34701 513 45 the the DT 34701 513 46 friction friction NN 34701 513 47 loss loss NN 34701 513 48 , , , 34701 513 49 must must MD 34701 513 50 be be VB 34701 513 51 considered consider VBN 34701 513 52 . . . 34701 514 1 In in IN 34701 514 2 the the DT 34701 514 3 case case NN 34701 514 4 of of IN 34701 514 5 power power NN 34701 514 6 plant plant NN 34701 514 7 work work NN 34701 514 8 , , , 34701 514 9 it -PRON- PRP 34701 514 10 is be VBZ 34701 514 11 now now RB 34701 514 12 the the DT 34701 514 13 practice practice NN 34701 514 14 to to TO 34701 514 15 use use VB 34701 514 16 compound compound NN 34701 514 17 engines engine NNS 34701 514 18 for for IN 34701 514 19 the the DT 34701 514 20 large large JJ 34701 514 21 sizes size NNS 34701 514 22 , , , 34701 514 23 while while IN 34701 514 24 triple triple JJ 34701 514 25 expansion expansion NN 34701 514 26 engines engine NNS 34701 514 27 are be VBP 34701 514 28 more more RBR 34701 514 29 commonly commonly RB 34701 514 30 employed employ VBN 34701 514 31 in in IN 34701 514 32 pumping pump VBG 34701 514 33 stations station NNS 34701 514 34 . . . 34701 515 1 Many many JJ 34701 515 2 designs design NNS 34701 515 3 of of IN 34701 515 4 multiple multiple JJ 34701 515 5 expansion expansion NN 34701 515 6 engines engine NNS 34701 515 7 are be VBP 34701 515 8 provided provide VBN 34701 515 9 with with IN 34701 515 10 chambers chamber NNS 34701 515 11 between between IN 34701 515 12 the the DT 34701 515 13 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 515 14 , , , 34701 515 15 called call VBN 34701 515 16 receivers receiver NNS 34701 515 17 . . . 34701 516 1 In in IN 34701 516 2 engines engine NNS 34701 516 3 of of IN 34701 516 4 this this DT 34701 516 5 type type NN 34701 516 6 the the DT 34701 516 7 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 516 8 is be VBZ 34701 516 9 frequently frequently RB 34701 516 10 reheated reheat VBN 34701 516 11 in in IN 34701 516 12 the the DT 34701 516 13 receivers receiver NNS 34701 516 14 by by IN 34701 516 15 means mean NNS 34701 516 16 of of IN 34701 516 17 brass brass NN 34701 516 18 coils coil NNS 34701 516 19 containing contain VBG 34701 516 20 live live JJ 34701 516 21 steam steam NN 34701 516 22 . . . 34701 517 1 In in IN 34701 517 2 the the DT 34701 517 3 case case NN 34701 517 4 of of IN 34701 517 5 a a DT 34701 517 6 cross cross JJ 34701 517 7 - - JJ 34701 517 8 compound compound JJ 34701 517 9 engine engine NN 34701 517 10 , , , 34701 517 11 a a DT 34701 517 12 receiver receiver NN 34701 517 13 is be VBZ 34701 517 14 always always RB 34701 517 15 used use VBN 34701 517 16 . . . 34701 518 1 In in IN 34701 518 2 the the DT 34701 518 3 tandem tandem NN 34701 518 4 design design NN 34701 518 5 it -PRON- PRP 34701 518 6 is be VBZ 34701 518 7 often often RB 34701 518 8 omitted omit VBN 34701 518 9 , , , 34701 518 10 the the DT 34701 518 11 piping piping NN 34701 518 12 between between IN 34701 518 13 the the DT 34701 518 14 two two CD 34701 518 15 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 518 16 being be VBG 34701 518 17 made make VBN 34701 518 18 to to TO 34701 518 19 answer answer VB 34701 518 20 the the DT 34701 518 21 purpose purpose NN 34701 518 22 . . . 34701 519 1 The the DT 34701 519 2 ratio ratio NN 34701 519 3 of of IN 34701 519 4 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 519 5 volumes volume NNS 34701 519 6 in in IN 34701 519 7 compound compound NN 34701 519 8 engines engine NNS 34701 519 9 varies vary VBZ 34701 519 10 with with IN 34701 519 11 different different JJ 34701 519 12 makers maker NNS 34701 519 13 . . . 34701 520 1 The the DT 34701 520 2 usual usual JJ 34701 520 3 practice practice NN 34701 520 4 is be VBZ 34701 520 5 to to TO 34701 520 6 make make VB 34701 520 7 the the DT 34701 520 8 volume volume NN 34701 520 9 of of IN 34701 520 10 the the DT 34701 520 11 low low JJ 34701 520 12 - - HYPH 34701 520 13 pressure pressure NN 34701 520 14 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 520 15 from from IN 34701 520 16 2.5 2.5 CD 34701 520 17 to to IN 34701 520 18 3 3 CD 34701 520 19 times time NNS 34701 520 20 that that DT 34701 520 21 of of IN 34701 520 22 the the DT 34701 520 23 high high JJ 34701 520 24 - - HYPH 34701 520 25 pressure pressure NN 34701 520 26 . . . 34701 521 1 The the DT 34701 521 2 total total JJ 34701 521 3 ratio ratio NN 34701 521 4 of of IN 34701 521 5 expansion expansion NN 34701 521 6 in in IN 34701 521 7 a a DT 34701 521 8 multiple multiple JJ 34701 521 9 expansion expansion NN 34701 521 10 engine engine NN 34701 521 11 is be VBZ 34701 521 12 the the DT 34701 521 13 product product NN 34701 521 14 of of IN 34701 521 15 the the DT 34701 521 16 ratios ratio NNS 34701 521 17 in in IN 34701 521 18 each each DT 34701 521 19 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 521 20 . . . 34701 522 1 For for IN 34701 522 2 example example NN 34701 522 3 , , , 34701 522 4 if if IN 34701 522 5 the the DT 34701 522 6 ratio ratio NN 34701 522 7 of of IN 34701 522 8 expansion expansion NN 34701 522 9 is be VBZ 34701 522 10 4 4 CD 34701 522 11 in in IN 34701 522 12 each each DT 34701 522 13 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 522 14 in in IN 34701 522 15 a a DT 34701 522 16 compound compound NN 34701 522 17 engine engine NN 34701 522 18 , , , 34701 522 19 the the DT 34701 522 20 total total JJ 34701 522 21 ratio ratio NN 34701 522 22 will will MD 34701 522 23 be be VB 34701 522 24 4 4 CD 34701 522 25 × × CD 34701 522 26 4 4 CD 34701 522 27 = = SYM 34701 522 28 16 16 CD 34701 522 29 . . . 34701 523 1 The the DT 34701 523 2 effect effect NN 34701 523 3 of of IN 34701 523 4 a a DT 34701 523 5 triple triple JJ 34701 523 6 - - HYPH 34701 523 7 expansion expansion NN 34701 523 8 engine engine NN 34701 523 9 is be VBZ 34701 523 10 sometimes sometimes RB 34701 523 11 obtained obtain VBN 34701 523 12 in in IN 34701 523 13 a a DT 34701 523 14 measure measure NN 34701 523 15 by by IN 34701 523 16 making make VBG 34701 523 17 the the DT 34701 523 18 volume volume NN 34701 523 19 of of IN 34701 523 20 the the DT 34701 523 21 low low JJ 34701 523 22 - - HYPH 34701 523 23 pressure pressure NN 34701 523 24 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 523 25 of of IN 34701 523 26 a a DT 34701 523 27 compound compound NN 34701 523 28 engine engine NN 34701 523 29 6 6 CD 34701 523 30 or or CC 34701 523 31 7 7 CD 34701 523 32 times time NNS 34701 523 33 that that DT 34701 523 34 of of IN 34701 523 35 the the DT 34701 523 36 high high JJ 34701 523 37 - - HYPH 34701 523 38 pressure pressure NN 34701 523 39 . . . 34701 524 1 This this DT 34701 524 2 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 524 3 produces produce VBZ 34701 524 4 a a DT 34701 524 5 considerable considerable JJ 34701 524 6 drop drop NN 34701 524 7 in in IN 34701 524 8 pressure pressure NN 34701 524 9 at at IN 34701 524 10 the the DT 34701 524 11 end end NN 34701 524 12 of of IN 34701 524 13 the the DT 34701 524 14 high high JJ 34701 524 15 - - HYPH 34701 524 16 pressure pressure NN 34701 524 17 stroke stroke NN 34701 524 18 , , , 34701 524 19 with with IN 34701 524 20 the the DT 34701 524 21 result result NN 34701 524 22 of of IN 34701 524 23 throwing throw VBG 34701 524 24 a a DT 34701 524 25 considerable considerable JJ 34701 524 26 increase increase NN 34701 524 27 of of IN 34701 524 28 work work NN 34701 524 29 on on IN 34701 524 30 the the DT 34701 524 31 high high JJ 34701 524 32 - - HYPH 34701 524 33 pressure pressure NN 34701 524 34 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 524 35 without without IN 34701 524 36 increasing increase VBG 34701 524 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 524 38 ratio ratio NN 34701 524 39 of of IN 34701 524 40 expansion expansion NN 34701 524 41 , , , 34701 524 42 and and CC 34701 524 43 at at IN 34701 524 44 the the DT 34701 524 45 same same JJ 34701 524 46 time time NN 34701 524 47 securing secure VBG 34701 524 48 a a DT 34701 524 49 large large JJ 34701 524 50 total total JJ 34701 524 51 ratio ratio NN 34701 524 52 of of IN 34701 524 53 expansion expansion NN 34701 524 54 in in IN 34701 524 55 the the DT 34701 524 56 engine engine NN 34701 524 57 . . . 34701 525 1 In in IN 34701 525 2 the the DT 34701 525 3 case case NN 34701 525 4 of of IN 34701 525 5 vertical vertical JJ 34701 525 6 engines engine NNS 34701 525 7 , , , 34701 525 8 the the DT 34701 525 9 low low JJ 34701 525 10 - - HYPH 34701 525 11 pressure pressure NN 34701 525 12 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 525 13 is be VBZ 34701 525 14 sometimes sometimes RB 34701 525 15 divided divide VBN 34701 525 16 into into IN 34701 525 17 two two CD 34701 525 18 parts part NNS 34701 525 19 in in IN 34701 525 20 order order NN 34701 525 21 to to TO 34701 525 22 reduce reduce VB 34701 525 23 the the DT 34701 525 24 size size NN 34701 525 25 of of IN 34701 525 26 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 525 27 and and CC 34701 525 28 piston piston NN 34701 525 29 . . . 34701 526 1 In in IN 34701 526 2 this this DT 34701 526 3 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 526 4 a a DT 34701 526 5 receiver receiver NN 34701 526 6 of of IN 34701 526 7 larger large JJR 34701 526 8 size size NN 34701 526 9 than than IN 34701 526 10 usual usual JJ 34701 526 11 is be VBZ 34701 526 12 employed employ VBN 34701 526 13 , , , 34701 526 14 and and CC 34701 526 15 the the DT 34701 526 16 low low JJ 34701 526 17 - - HYPH 34701 526 18 pressure pressure NN 34701 526 19 cranks crank NNS 34701 526 20 are be VBP 34701 526 21 often often RB 34701 526 22 set set VBN 34701 526 23 at at IN 34701 526 24 an an DT 34701 526 25 angle angle NN 34701 526 26 with with IN 34701 526 27 each each DT 34701 526 28 other other JJ 34701 526 29 . . . 34701 527 1 Another another DT 34701 527 2 advantage advantage NN 34701 527 3 gained gain VBN 34701 527 4 by by IN 34701 527 5 compounding compound VBG 34701 527 6 is be VBZ 34701 527 7 the the DT 34701 527 8 possibility possibility NN 34701 527 9 to to TO 34701 527 10 expand expand VB 34701 527 11 the the DT 34701 527 12 steam steam NN 34701 527 13 to to IN 34701 527 14 a a DT 34701 527 15 greater great JJR 34701 527 16 extent extent NN 34701 527 17 than than IN 34701 527 18 can can MD 34701 527 19 be be VB 34701 527 20 done do VBN 34701 527 21 in in IN 34701 527 22 a a DT 34701 527 23 single single JJ 34701 527 24 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 527 25 engine engine NN 34701 527 26 , , , 34701 527 27 thus thus RB 34701 527 28 utilizing utilize VBG 34701 527 29 , , , 34701 527 30 as as IN 34701 527 31 useful useful JJ 34701 527 32 work work NN 34701 527 33 , , , 34701 527 34 a a DT 34701 527 35 greater great JJR 34701 527 36 proportion proportion NN 34701 527 37 of of IN 34701 527 38 the the DT 34701 527 39 heat heat NN 34701 527 40 contained contain VBN 34701 527 41 in in IN 34701 527 42 the the DT 34701 527 43 steam steam NN 34701 527 44 . . . 34701 528 1 This this DT 34701 528 2 also also RB 34701 528 3 makes make VBZ 34701 528 4 it -PRON- PRP 34701 528 5 possible possible JJ 34701 528 6 to to TO 34701 528 7 employ employ VB 34701 528 8 higher high JJR 34701 528 9 initial initial JJ 34701 528 10 pressures pressure NNS 34701 528 11 , , , 34701 528 12 in in IN 34701 528 13 which which WDT 34701 528 14 there there EX 34701 528 15 is be VBZ 34701 528 16 a a DT 34701 528 17 still still RB 34701 528 18 further further JJ 34701 528 19 saving saving NN 34701 528 20 , , , 34701 528 21 because because IN 34701 528 22 of of IN 34701 528 23 the the DT 34701 528 24 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 528 25 small small JJ 34701 528 26 amount amount NN 34701 528 27 of of IN 34701 528 28 fuel fuel NN 34701 528 29 required require VBN 34701 528 30 to to TO 34701 528 31 raise raise VB 34701 528 32 the the DT 34701 528 33 pressure pressure NN 34701 528 34 from from IN 34701 528 35 that that DT 34701 528 36 of of IN 34701 528 37 the the DT 34701 528 38 common common JJ 34701 528 39 practice practice NN 34701 528 40 of of IN 34701 528 41 80 80 CD 34701 528 42 or or CC 34701 528 43 90 90 CD 34701 528 44 pounds pound NNS 34701 528 45 for for IN 34701 528 46 simple simple JJ 34701 528 47 engines engine NNS 34701 528 48 , , , 34701 528 49 to to IN 34701 528 50 120 120 CD 34701 528 51 to to TO 34701 528 52 140 140 CD 34701 528 53 pounds pound NNS 34701 528 54 , , , 34701 528 55 which which WDT 34701 528 56 is be VBZ 34701 528 57 entirely entirely RB 34701 528 58 practical practical JJ 34701 528 59 in in IN 34701 528 60 the the DT 34701 528 61 case case NN 34701 528 62 of of IN 34701 528 63 compound compound NN 34701 528 64 engines engine NNS 34701 528 65 . . . 34701 529 1 With with IN 34701 529 2 triple triple JJ 34701 529 3 expansion expansion NN 34701 529 4 , , , 34701 529 5 initial initial JJ 34701 529 6 pressures pressure NNS 34701 529 7 of of IN 34701 529 8 180 180 CD 34701 529 9 pounds pound NNS 34701 529 10 or or CC 34701 529 11 more more JJR 34701 529 12 may may MD 34701 529 13 be be VB 34701 529 14 used use VBN 34701 529 15 to to TO 34701 529 16 advantage advantage VB 34701 529 17 . . . 34701 530 1 The the DT 34701 530 2 gain gain NN 34701 530 3 from from IN 34701 530 4 compounding compound VBG 34701 530 5 may may MD 34701 530 6 amount amount VB 34701 530 7 to to IN 34701 530 8 about about RB 34701 530 9 15 15 CD 34701 530 10 per per NN 34701 530 11 cent cent NN 34701 530 12 over over IN 34701 530 13 simple simple JJ 34701 530 14 condensing condensing NN 34701 530 15 engines engine NNS 34701 530 16 , , , 34701 530 17 taking take VBG 34701 530 18 steam steam NN 34701 530 19 at at IN 34701 530 20 the the DT 34701 530 21 same same JJ 34701 530 22 initial initial JJ 34701 530 23 pressure pressure NN 34701 530 24 . . . 34701 531 1 When when WRB 34701 531 2 compound compound NN 34701 531 3 condensing condensing NN 34701 531 4 engines engine NNS 34701 531 5 are be VBP 34701 531 6 compared compare VBN 34701 531 7 with with IN 34701 531 8 simple simple JJ 34701 531 9 non non JJ 34701 531 10 - - JJ 34701 531 11 condensing condensing JJ 34701 531 12 engines engine NNS 34701 531 13 , , , 34701 531 14 the the DT 34701 531 15 gain gain NN 34701 531 16 in in IN 34701 531 17 economy economy NN 34701 531 18 may may MD 34701 531 19 run run VB 34701 531 20 from from IN 34701 531 21 30 30 CD 34701 531 22 to to TO 34701 531 23 40 40 CD 34701 531 24 per per NN 34701 531 25 cent cent NN 34701 531 26 . . . 34701 532 1 TABLE TABLE NNP 34701 532 2 IV IV NNP 34701 532 3 . . . 34701 533 1 STEAM steam JJ 34701 533 2 CONSUMPTION consumption NN 34701 533 3 OF of IN 34701 533 4 ENGINES ENGINES NNP 34701 533 5 + + SYM 34701 533 6 -------------------------+--------------------------------+ -------------------------+--------------------------------+ . 34701 533 7 | | NNP 34701 533 8 | | NNP 34701 533 9 Pounds Pounds NNPS 34701 533 10 of of IN 34701 533 11 Steam Steam NNP 34701 533 12 per per IN 34701 533 13 Indicated Indicated NNP 34701 533 14 | | NNP 34701 533 15 | | NNP 34701 533 16 | | NNP 34701 533 17 Horsepower Horsepower NNP 34701 533 18 per per IN 34701 533 19 Hour Hour NNP 34701 533 20 | | NNP 34701 533 21 | | NNP 34701 533 22 Kind kind NN 34701 533 23 of of IN 34701 533 24 Engine engine NN 34701 533 25 + + SYM 34701 533 26 ----------------+---------------+ ----------------+---------------+ CD 34701 533 27 | | NNP 34701 533 28 | | NNP 34701 533 29 Non non JJ 34701 533 30 - - JJ 34701 533 31 condensing condensing JJ 34701 533 32 | | NNP 34701 533 33 Condensing Condensing NNP 34701 533 34 | | NNP 34701 533 35 + + CC 34701 533 36 -------------------------+----------------+---------------+ -------------------------+----------------+---------------+ HYPH 34701 533 37 | | NNP 34701 533 38 { { -LRB- 34701 533 39 High high JJ 34701 533 40 - - HYPH 34701 533 41 speed speed NN 34701 533 42 | | NNP 34701 533 43 32 32 CD 34701 533 44 | | CD 34701 533 45 24 24 CD 34701 533 46 | | CD 34701 533 47 | | NN 34701 533 48 Simple simple JJ 34701 533 49 { { -LRB- 34701 533 50 Medium Medium NNP 34701 533 51 - - HYPH 34701 533 52 speed speed NN 34701 533 53 | | CD 34701 533 54 30 30 CD 34701 533 55 | | CD 34701 533 56 23 23 CD 34701 533 57 | | CD 34701 533 58 | | CD 34701 533 59 { { -LRB- 34701 533 60 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 533 61 | | NNP 34701 533 62 28 28 CD 34701 533 63 | | CD 34701 533 64 22 22 CD 34701 533 65 | | CD 34701 533 66 | | CD 34701 533 67 | | CD 34701 533 68 | | CD 34701 533 69 | | CD 34701 533 70 | | CD 34701 533 71 { { -LRB- 34701 533 72 High high JJ 34701 533 73 - - HYPH 34701 533 74 speed speed NN 34701 533 75 | | NNP 34701 533 76 26 26 CD 34701 533 77 | | CD 34701 533 78 20 20 CD 34701 533 79 | | CD 34701 533 80 | | CD 34701 533 81 Compound Compound NNP 34701 533 82 { { -LRB- 34701 533 83 Medium Medium NNP 34701 533 84 - - HYPH 34701 533 85 speed speed NN 34701 533 86 | | CD 34701 533 87 25 25 CD 34701 533 88 | | CD 34701 533 89 19 19 CD 34701 533 90 | | CD 34701 533 91 | | CD 34701 533 92 { { -LRB- 34701 533 93 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 533 94 | | NNP 34701 533 95 24 24 CD 34701 533 96 | | CD 34701 533 97 18 18 CD 34701 533 98 | | CD 34701 533 99 + + SYM 34701 533 100 -------------------------+----------------+---------------+ -------------------------+----------------+---------------+ : 34701 533 101 Steam Steam NNP 34701 533 102 Consumption consumption NN 34701 533 103 and and CC 34701 533 104 Ratio Ratio NNP 34701 533 105 of of IN 34701 533 106 Expansion expansion NN 34701 533 107 The the DT 34701 533 108 steam steam NN 34701 533 109 consumption consumption NN 34701 533 110 is be VBZ 34701 533 111 commonly commonly RB 34701 533 112 called call VBN 34701 533 113 the the DT 34701 533 114 _ _ NNP 34701 533 115 water water NN 34701 533 116 rate rate NN 34701 533 117 _ _ NNP 34701 533 118 , , , 34701 533 119 and and CC 34701 533 120 is be VBZ 34701 533 121 expressed express VBN 34701 533 122 in in IN 34701 533 123 pounds pound NNS 34701 533 124 of of IN 34701 533 125 dry dry JJ 34701 533 126 steam steam NN 34701 533 127 required require VBN 34701 533 128 per per IN 34701 533 129 indicated indicate VBN 34701 533 130 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 533 131 per per IN 34701 533 132 hour hour NN 34701 533 133 . . . 34701 534 1 This this DT 34701 534 2 quantity quantity NN 34701 534 3 varies vary VBZ 34701 534 4 widely widely RB 34701 534 5 in in IN 34701 534 6 different different JJ 34701 534 7 types type NNS 34701 534 8 of of IN 34701 534 9 engines engine NNS 34701 534 10 , , , 34701 534 11 and and CC 34701 534 12 also also RB 34701 534 13 in in IN 34701 534 14 engines engine NNS 34701 534 15 of of IN 34701 534 16 the the DT 34701 534 17 same same JJ 34701 534 18 kind kind NN 34701 534 19 working work VBG 34701 534 20 under under IN 34701 534 21 different different JJ 34701 534 22 conditions condition NNS 34701 534 23 . . . 34701 535 1 The the DT 34701 535 2 water water NN 34701 535 3 rate rate NN 34701 535 4 depends depend VBZ 34701 535 5 upon upon IN 34701 535 6 the the DT 34701 535 7 " " `` 34701 535 8 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 535 9 losses loss NNS 34701 535 10 , , , 34701 535 11 " " '' 34701 535 12 which which WDT 34701 535 13 are be VBP 34701 535 14 due due JJ 34701 535 15 principally principally RB 34701 535 16 to to IN 34701 535 17 condensation condensation NN 34701 535 18 , , , 34701 535 19 although although IN 34701 535 20 the the DT 34701 535 21 effects effect NNS 34701 535 22 of of IN 34701 535 23 clearance clearance NN 34701 535 24 , , , 34701 535 25 radiation radiation NN 34701 535 26 from from IN 34701 535 27 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 535 28 and and CC 34701 535 29 steam steam NN 34701 535 30 chest chest NN 34701 535 31 , , , 34701 535 32 and and CC 34701 535 33 leakage leakage VB 34701 535 34 around around RP 34701 535 35 valves valve NNS 34701 535 36 and and CC 34701 535 37 piston piston NN 34701 535 38 , , , 34701 535 39 form form VB 34701 535 40 a a DT 34701 535 41 part part NN 34701 535 42 of of IN 34701 535 43 the the DT 34701 535 44 total total JJ 34701 535 45 loss loss NN 34701 535 46 . . . 34701 536 1 Table Table NNP 34701 536 2 IV IV NNP 34701 536 3 gives give VBZ 34701 536 4 the the DT 34701 536 5 average average JJ 34701 536 6 water water NN 34701 536 7 rate rate NN 34701 536 8 of of IN 34701 536 9 different different JJ 34701 536 10 types type NNS 34701 536 11 of of IN 34701 536 12 engines engine NNS 34701 536 13 working work VBG 34701 536 14 at at IN 34701 536 15 full full JJ 34701 536 16 load load NN 34701 536 17 . . . 34701 537 1 The the DT 34701 537 2 most most RBS 34701 537 3 economical economical JJ 34701 537 4 ratio ratio NN 34701 537 5 of of IN 34701 537 6 expansion expansion NN 34701 537 7 depends depend VBZ 34701 537 8 largely largely RB 34701 537 9 upon upon IN 34701 537 10 the the DT 34701 537 11 type type NN 34701 537 12 of of IN 34701 537 13 the the DT 34701 537 14 engine engine NN 34701 537 15 . . . 34701 538 1 In in IN 34701 538 2 the the DT 34701 538 3 case case NN 34701 538 4 of of IN 34701 538 5 simple simple JJ 34701 538 6 engines engine NNS 34701 538 7 , , , 34701 538 8 the the DT 34701 538 9 ratio ratio NN 34701 538 10 is be VBZ 34701 538 11 limited limit VBN 34701 538 12 to to IN 34701 538 13 4 4 CD 34701 538 14 or or CC 34701 538 15 5 5 CD 34701 538 16 on on IN 34701 538 17 account account NN 34701 538 18 of of IN 34701 538 19 excessive excessive JJ 34701 538 20 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 538 21 condensation condensation NN 34701 538 22 in in IN 34701 538 23 case case NN 34701 538 24 of of IN 34701 538 25 larger large JJR 34701 538 26 ratios ratio NNS 34701 538 27 . . . 34701 539 1 This this DT 34701 539 2 limits limit VBZ 34701 539 3 the the DT 34701 539 4 initial initial JJ 34701 539 5 pressure pressure NN 34701 539 6 to to IN 34701 539 7 an an DT 34701 539 8 average average NN 34701 539 9 of of IN 34701 539 10 about about RB 34701 539 11 90 90 CD 34701 539 12 pounds pound NNS 34701 539 13 for for IN 34701 539 14 engines engine NNS 34701 539 15 of of IN 34701 539 16 this this DT 34701 539 17 type type NN 34701 539 18 . . . 34701 540 1 In in IN 34701 540 2 the the DT 34701 540 3 case case NN 34701 540 4 of of IN 34701 540 5 compound compound NN 34701 540 6 engines engine NNS 34701 540 7 , , , 34701 540 8 a a DT 34701 540 9 ratio ratio NN 34701 540 10 of of IN 34701 540 11 from from IN 34701 540 12 8 8 CD 34701 540 13 to to TO 34701 540 14 10 10 CD 34701 540 15 is be VBZ 34701 540 16 commonly commonly RB 34701 540 17 employed employ VBN 34701 540 18 to to TO 34701 540 19 advantage advantage VB 34701 540 20 , , , 34701 540 21 while while IN 34701 540 22 with with IN 34701 540 23 triple triple JJ 34701 540 24 - - HYPH 34701 540 25 expansion expansion NN 34701 540 26 engines engine NNS 34701 540 27 , , , 34701 540 28 ratios ratio NNS 34701 540 29 of of IN 34701 540 30 12 12 CD 34701 540 31 to to TO 34701 540 32 15 15 CD 34701 540 33 are be VBP 34701 540 34 found find VBN 34701 540 35 to to TO 34701 540 36 give give VB 34701 540 37 good good JJ 34701 540 38 results result NNS 34701 540 39 . . . 34701 541 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 541 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 541 3 : : : 34701 541 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 541 5 . . . 34701 542 1 38 38 CD 34701 542 2 . . . 34701 543 1 Action action NN 34701 543 2 of of IN 34701 543 3 Throttling Throttling NNP 34701 543 4 Governor Governor NNP 34701 543 5 on on IN 34701 543 6 Indicator Indicator NNP 34701 543 7 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 543 8 ] ] -RRB- 34701 543 9 [ [ -LRB- 34701 543 10 Illustration illustration NN 34701 543 11 : : : 34701 543 12 Fig Fig NNP 34701 543 13 . . . 34701 544 1 39 39 CD 34701 544 2 . . . 34701 545 1 Effect effect NN 34701 545 2 of of IN 34701 545 3 Shaft Shaft NNP 34701 545 4 Governor Governor NNP 34701 545 5 on on IN 34701 545 6 Indicator Indicator NNP 34701 545 7 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 545 8 ] ] -RRB- 34701 545 9 [ [ -LRB- 34701 545 10 Illustration illustration NN 34701 545 11 : : : 34701 545 12 Fig Fig NNP 34701 545 13 . . . 34701 546 1 40 40 CD 34701 546 2 . . . 34701 547 1 Increasing increase VBG 34701 547 2 Power Power NNP 34701 547 3 of of IN 34701 547 4 Engine Engine NNP 34701 547 5 by by IN 34701 547 6 Condensing Condensing NNP 34701 547 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 547 8 [ [ -LRB- 34701 547 9 Illustration illustration NN 34701 547 10 : : : 34701 547 11 Fig Fig NNP 34701 547 12 . . . 34701 548 1 41 41 CD 34701 548 2 . . . 34701 549 1 Decreasing decrease VBG 34701 549 2 Steam Steam NNP 34701 549 3 Consumption consumption NN 34701 549 4 by by IN 34701 549 5 Condensing Condensing NNP 34701 549 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 549 7 The the DT 34701 549 8 _ _ NNP 34701 549 9 thermal thermal JJ 34701 549 10 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 549 11 _ _ NNP 34701 549 12 of of IN 34701 549 13 an an DT 34701 549 14 engine engine NN 34701 549 15 is be VBZ 34701 549 16 the the DT 34701 549 17 ratio ratio NN 34701 549 18 of of IN 34701 549 19 the the DT 34701 549 20 heat heat NN 34701 549 21 transformed transform VBN 34701 549 22 into into IN 34701 549 23 work work NN 34701 549 24 to to IN 34701 549 25 the the DT 34701 549 26 total total JJ 34701 549 27 heat heat NN 34701 549 28 supplied supply VBN 34701 549 29 to to IN 34701 549 30 the the DT 34701 549 31 engine engine NN 34701 549 32 . . . 34701 550 1 In in IN 34701 550 2 order order NN 34701 550 3 to to TO 34701 550 4 determine determine VB 34701 550 5 this this DT 34701 550 6 , , , 34701 550 7 the the DT 34701 550 8 _ _ NNP 34701 550 9 absolute absolute JJ 34701 550 10 _ _ NNP 34701 550 11 temperature temperature NN 34701 550 12 of of IN 34701 550 13 the the DT 34701 550 14 steam steam NN 34701 550 15 at at IN 34701 550 16 admission admission NN 34701 550 17 and and CC 34701 550 18 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 550 19 pressures pressure NNS 34701 550 20 must must MD 34701 550 21 be be VB 34701 550 22 known know VBN 34701 550 23 . . . 34701 551 1 These these DT 34701 551 2 pressures pressure NNS 34701 551 3 can can MD 34701 551 4 be be VB 34701 551 5 measured measure VBN 34701 551 6 by by IN 34701 551 7 a a DT 34701 551 8 gage gage NN 34701 551 9 , , , 34701 551 10 and and CC 34701 551 11 the the DT 34701 551 12 corresponding correspond VBG 34701 551 13 temperatures temperature NNS 34701 551 14 taken take VBN 34701 551 15 from from IN 34701 551 16 a a DT 34701 551 17 steam steam NN 34701 551 18 table table NN 34701 551 19 , , , 34701 551 20 or or CC 34701 551 21 better well JJR 34701 551 22 , , , 34701 551 23 the the DT 34701 551 24 temperatures temperature NNS 34701 551 25 can can MD 34701 551 26 be be VB 34701 551 27 measured measure VBN 34701 551 28 direct direct RB 34701 551 29 by by IN 34701 551 30 a a DT 34701 551 31 thermometer thermometer NN 34701 551 32 . . . 34701 552 1 The the DT 34701 552 2 absolute absolute JJ 34701 552 3 temperature temperature NN 34701 552 4 is be VBZ 34701 552 5 obtained obtain VBN 34701 552 6 by by IN 34701 552 7 adding add VBG 34701 552 8 461 461 CD 34701 552 9 to to IN 34701 552 10 the the DT 34701 552 11 reading reading NN 34701 552 12 in in IN 34701 552 13 degrees degree NNS 34701 552 14 Fahrenheit Fahrenheit NNP 34701 552 15 ( ( -LRB- 34701 552 16 F. F. NNP 34701 552 17 ) ) -RRB- 34701 552 18 . . . 34701 553 1 The the DT 34701 553 2 formula formula NN 34701 553 3 for for IN 34701 553 4 thermal thermal JJ 34701 553 5 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 553 6 is be VBZ 34701 553 7 : : : 34701 553 8 _ _ NNP 34701 553 9 T__{1 T__{1 NNP 34701 553 10 } } -RRB- 34701 553 11 - - : 34701 553 12 _ _ NNP 34701 553 13 T__{2 T__{2 NNP 34701 553 14 } } -RRB- 34701 553 15 ----------------- ----------------- NFP 34701 553 16 _ _ NNP 34701 553 17 T__{1 T__{1 NNP 34701 553 18 } } -RRB- 34701 553 19 in in IN 34701 553 20 which which WDT 34701 553 21 _ _ NNP 34701 553 22 T__{1 T__{1 NNP 34701 553 23 } } -RRB- 34701 553 24 = = SYM 34701 553 25 absolute absolute JJ 34701 553 26 temperature temperature NN 34701 553 27 of of IN 34701 553 28 steam steam NN 34701 553 29 at at IN 34701 553 30 initial initial JJ 34701 553 31 pressure pressure NN 34701 553 32 . . . 34701 554 1 _ _ NNP 34701 554 2 T__{2 T__{2 NNP 34701 554 3 } } -RRB- 34701 554 4 = = SYM 34701 554 5 absolute absolute JJ 34701 554 6 temperature temperature NN 34701 554 7 of of IN 34701 554 8 steam steam NN 34701 554 9 at at IN 34701 554 10 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 554 11 pressure pressure NN 34701 554 12 . . . 34701 555 1 _ _ NNP 34701 555 2 Example_:--The example_:--the NN 34701 555 3 temperature temperature NN 34701 555 4 of of IN 34701 555 5 the the DT 34701 555 6 steam steam NN 34701 555 7 admitted admit VBN 34701 555 8 to to IN 34701 555 9 the the DT 34701 555 10 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 555 11 of of IN 34701 555 12 an an DT 34701 555 13 engine engine NN 34701 555 14 is be VBZ 34701 555 15 340 340 CD 34701 555 16 degrees degree NNS 34701 555 17 F. F. NNP 34701 555 18 , , , 34701 555 19 and and CC 34701 555 20 that that DT 34701 555 21 of of IN 34701 555 22 the the DT 34701 555 23 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 555 24 steam steam NN 34701 555 25 220 220 CD 34701 555 26 degrees degree NNS 34701 555 27 F. F. NNP 34701 555 28 What what WP 34701 555 29 is be VBZ 34701 555 30 the the DT 34701 555 31 thermal thermal JJ 34701 555 32 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 555 33 of of IN 34701 555 34 the the DT 34701 555 35 engine engine NN 34701 555 36 ? ? . 34701 556 1 ( ( -LRB- 34701 556 2 340 340 CD 34701 556 3 + + SYM 34701 556 4 461 461 CD 34701 556 5 ) ) -RRB- 34701 556 6 - - : 34701 556 7 ( ( -LRB- 34701 556 8 220 220 CD 34701 556 9 + + SYM 34701 556 10 461 461 CD 34701 556 11 ) ) -RRB- 34701 556 12 Thermal thermal JJ 34701 556 13 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 556 14 = = NFP 34701 556 15 ------------------------- ------------------------- NFP 34701 556 16 = = SYM 34701 556 17 0.15 0.15 CD 34701 556 18 ( ( -LRB- 34701 556 19 340 340 CD 34701 556 20 + + SYM 34701 556 21 461 461 CD 34701 556 22 ) ) -RRB- 34701 556 23 The the DT 34701 556 24 _ _ NNP 34701 556 25 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 556 26 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 556 27 _ _ NNP 34701 556 28 is be VBZ 34701 556 29 the the DT 34701 556 30 ratio ratio NN 34701 556 31 of of IN 34701 556 32 the the DT 34701 556 33 delivered deliver VBN 34701 556 34 or or CC 34701 556 35 brake brake NN 34701 556 36 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 556 37 to to IN 34701 556 38 the the DT 34701 556 39 indicated indicate VBN 34701 556 40 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 556 41 , , , 34701 556 42 and and CC 34701 556 43 is be VBZ 34701 556 44 represented represent VBN 34701 556 45 by by IN 34701 556 46 the the DT 34701 556 47 equation equation NN 34701 556 48 : : : 34701 556 49 B. B. NNP 34701 556 50 H. H. NNP 34701 556 51 P. P. NNP 34701 556 52 Mechanical Mechanical NNP 34701 556 53 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 556 54 = = SYM 34701 556 55 -------- -------- NFP 34701 556 56 I. I. NNP 34701 556 57 H. H. NNP 34701 556 58 P. P. NNP 34701 556 59 in in IN 34701 556 60 which which WDT 34701 556 61 B. B. NNP 34701 556 62 H. H. NNP 34701 556 63 P. P. NNP 34701 556 64 = = SYM 34701 556 65 brake brake NN 34701 556 66 horsepower horsepower NNP 34701 556 67 , , , 34701 556 68 I. I. NNP 34701 556 69 H. H. NNP 34701 556 70 P. P. NNP 34701 556 71 = = SYM 34701 556 72 indicated indicate VBD 34701 556 73 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 556 74 . . . 34701 557 1 All all DT 34701 557 2 engines engine NNS 34701 557 3 are be VBP 34701 557 4 designed design VBN 34701 557 5 to to TO 34701 557 6 give give VB 34701 557 7 the the DT 34701 557 8 best good JJS 34701 557 9 economy economy NN 34701 557 10 at at IN 34701 557 11 a a DT 34701 557 12 certain certain JJ 34701 557 13 developed develop VBN 34701 557 14 indicated indicate VBN 34701 557 15 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 557 16 called call VBN 34701 557 17 full full JJ 34701 557 18 load load NN 34701 557 19 . . . 34701 558 1 There there EX 34701 558 2 must must MD 34701 558 3 , , , 34701 558 4 of of IN 34701 558 5 course course NN 34701 558 6 , , , 34701 558 7 be be VB 34701 558 8 more more RBR 34701 558 9 or or CC 34701 558 10 less less JJR 34701 558 11 fluctuation fluctuation NN 34701 558 12 in in IN 34701 558 13 the the DT 34701 558 14 load load NN 34701 558 15 under under IN 34701 558 16 practical practical JJ 34701 558 17 working working NN 34701 558 18 conditions condition NNS 34701 558 19 , , , 34701 558 20 especially especially RB 34701 558 21 in in IN 34701 558 22 certain certain JJ 34701 558 23 cases case NNS 34701 558 24 , , , 34701 558 25 such such JJ 34701 558 26 as as IN 34701 558 27 electric electric JJ 34701 558 28 railway railway NN 34701 558 29 and and CC 34701 558 30 rolling rolling NN 34701 558 31 mill mill NN 34701 558 32 work work NN 34701 558 33 . . . 34701 559 1 The the DT 34701 559 2 losses loss NNS 34701 559 3 , , , 34701 559 4 however however RB 34701 559 5 , , , 34701 559 6 within within IN 34701 559 7 a a DT 34701 559 8 certain certain JJ 34701 559 9 range range NN 34701 559 10 on on IN 34701 559 11 either either DT 34701 559 12 side side NN 34701 559 13 of of IN 34701 559 14 the the DT 34701 559 15 normal normal JJ 34701 559 16 load load NN 34701 559 17 , , , 34701 559 18 are be VBP 34701 559 19 not not RB 34701 559 20 great great JJ 34701 559 21 in in IN 34701 559 22 a a DT 34701 559 23 well well RB 34701 559 24 designed design VBN 34701 559 25 engine engine NN 34701 559 26 . . . 34701 560 1 The the DT 34701 560 2 effect effect NN 34701 560 3 of of IN 34701 560 4 increasing increase VBG 34701 560 5 the the DT 34701 560 6 load load NN 34701 560 7 is be VBZ 34701 560 8 to to TO 34701 560 9 raise raise VB 34701 560 10 the the DT 34701 560 11 initial initial JJ 34701 560 12 pressure pressure NN 34701 560 13 or or CC 34701 560 14 lengthen lengthen VB 34701 560 15 the the DT 34701 560 16 cut cut NN 34701 560 17 - - HYPH 34701 560 18 off off RP 34701 560 19 , , , 34701 560 20 depending depend VBG 34701 560 21 upon upon IN 34701 560 22 the the DT 34701 560 23 type type NN 34701 560 24 of of IN 34701 560 25 governor governor NN 34701 560 26 . . . 34701 561 1 This this DT 34701 561 2 , , , 34701 561 3 in in IN 34701 561 4 turn turn NN 34701 561 5 , , , 34701 561 6 raises raise VBZ 34701 561 7 the the DT 34701 561 8 terminal terminal JJ 34701 561 9 pressure pressure NN 34701 561 10 at at IN 34701 561 11 the the DT 34701 561 12 end end NN 34701 561 13 of of IN 34701 561 14 expansion expansion NN 34701 561 15 , , , 34701 561 16 and and CC 34701 561 17 allows allow VBZ 34701 561 18 the the DT 34701 561 19 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 561 20 to to TO 34701 561 21 escape escape VB 34701 561 22 at at IN 34701 561 23 a a DT 34701 561 24 higher high JJR 34701 561 25 temperature temperature NN 34701 561 26 than than IN 34701 561 27 before before RB 34701 561 28 , , , 34701 561 29 thus thus RB 34701 561 30 lowering lower VBG 34701 561 31 the the DT 34701 561 32 thermal thermal JJ 34701 561 33 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 561 34 . . . 34701 562 1 The the DT 34701 562 2 effect effect NN 34701 562 3 of of IN 34701 562 4 reducing reduce VBG 34701 562 5 the the DT 34701 562 6 load load NN 34701 562 7 is be VBZ 34701 562 8 to to TO 34701 562 9 lower lower VB 34701 562 10 the the DT 34701 562 11 mean mean NN 34701 562 12 effective effective JJ 34701 562 13 pressure pressure NN 34701 562 14 . . . 34701 563 1 ( ( -LRB- 34701 563 2 See see VB 34701 563 3 Figs fig NNS 34701 563 4 . . . 34701 564 1 38 38 CD 34701 564 2 and and CC 34701 564 3 39 39 CD 34701 564 4 . . . 34701 564 5 ) ) -RRB- 34701 565 1 This this DT 34701 565 2 , , , 34701 565 3 in in IN 34701 565 4 throttling throttle VBG 34701 565 5 engines engine NNS 34701 565 6 , , , 34701 565 7 is be VBZ 34701 565 8 due due JJ 34701 565 9 to to IN 34701 565 10 a a DT 34701 565 11 reduction reduction NN 34701 565 12 of of IN 34701 565 13 initial initial JJ 34701 565 14 pressure pressure NN 34701 565 15 , , , 34701 565 16 and and CC 34701 565 17 in in IN 34701 565 18 the the DT 34701 565 19 automatic automatic JJ 34701 565 20 engine engine NN 34701 565 21 to to IN 34701 565 22 a a DT 34701 565 23 shortening shortening NN 34701 565 24 of of IN 34701 565 25 the the DT 34701 565 26 cut cut NN 34701 565 27 - - HYPH 34701 565 28 off off NN 34701 565 29 . . . 34701 566 1 The the DT 34701 566 2 result result NN 34701 566 3 in in IN 34701 566 4 each each DT 34701 566 5 case case NN 34701 566 6 is be VBZ 34701 566 7 an an DT 34701 566 8 increase increase NN 34701 566 9 in in IN 34701 566 10 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 566 11 condensation condensation NN 34701 566 12 , , , 34701 566 13 and and CC 34701 566 14 as as IN 34701 566 15 the the DT 34701 566 16 load load NN 34701 566 17 becomes become VBZ 34701 566 18 lighter light JJR 34701 566 19 , , , 34701 566 20 the the DT 34701 566 21 friction friction NN 34701 566 22 of of IN 34701 566 23 the the DT 34701 566 24 engine engine NN 34701 566 25 itself -PRON- PRP 34701 566 26 becomes become VBZ 34701 566 27 a a DT 34701 566 28 more more RBR 34701 566 29 important important JJ 34701 566 30 part part NN 34701 566 31 of of IN 34701 566 32 the the DT 34701 566 33 total total NN 34701 566 34 indicated indicate VBN 34701 566 35 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 566 36 ; ; : 34701 566 37 that that RB 34701 566 38 is is RB 34701 566 39 , , , 34701 566 40 as as IN 34701 566 41 the the DT 34701 566 42 load load NN 34701 566 43 becomes become VBZ 34701 566 44 lighter light JJR 34701 566 45 , , , 34701 566 46 the the DT 34701 566 47 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 566 48 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 566 49 is be VBZ 34701 566 50 reduced reduce VBN 34701 566 51 . . . 34701 567 1 Effect effect NN 34701 567 2 of of IN 34701 567 3 Condensing Condensing NNP 34701 567 4 So so RB 34701 567 5 far far RB 34701 567 6 as as IN 34701 567 7 the the DT 34701 567 8 design design NN 34701 567 9 of of IN 34701 567 10 the the DT 34701 567 11 engine engine NN 34701 567 12 itself -PRON- PRP 34701 567 13 it -PRON- PRP 34701 567 14 concerned concern VBD 34701 567 15 , , , 34701 567 16 there there EX 34701 567 17 is be VBZ 34701 567 18 no no DT 34701 567 19 difference difference NN 34701 567 20 between between IN 34701 567 21 a a DT 34701 567 22 condensing condensing NN 34701 567 23 and and CC 34701 567 24 a a DT 34701 567 25 non non JJ 34701 567 26 - - JJ 34701 567 27 condensing condensing JJ 34701 567 28 engine engine NN 34701 567 29 . . . 34701 568 1 The the DT 34701 568 2 only only JJ 34701 568 3 difference difference NN 34701 568 4 is be VBZ 34701 568 5 that that IN 34701 568 6 in in IN 34701 568 7 the the DT 34701 568 8 first first JJ 34701 568 9 case case NN 34701 568 10 the the DT 34701 568 11 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 568 12 pipe pipe NN 34701 568 13 from from IN 34701 568 14 the the DT 34701 568 15 engine engine NN 34701 568 16 is be VBZ 34701 568 17 connected connect VBN 34701 568 18 with with IN 34701 568 19 a a DT 34701 568 20 condenser condenser NN 34701 568 21 instead instead RB 34701 568 22 of of IN 34701 568 23 discharging discharge VBG 34701 568 24 into into IN 34701 568 25 the the DT 34701 568 26 atmosphere atmosphere NN 34701 568 27 . . . 34701 569 1 A a DT 34701 569 2 condenser condenser NN 34701 569 3 is be VBZ 34701 569 4 a a DT 34701 569 5 device device NN 34701 569 6 for for IN 34701 569 7 condensing condense VBG 34701 569 8 the the DT 34701 569 9 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 569 10 steam steam NN 34701 569 11 as as RB 34701 569 12 fast fast RB 34701 569 13 as as IN 34701 569 14 it -PRON- PRP 34701 569 15 comes come VBZ 34701 569 16 from from IN 34701 569 17 the the DT 34701 569 18 engine engine NN 34701 569 19 , , , 34701 569 20 thus thus RB 34701 569 21 forming form VBG 34701 569 22 a a DT 34701 569 23 partial partial JJ 34701 569 24 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 569 25 and and CC 34701 569 26 reducing reduce VBG 34701 569 27 the the DT 34701 569 28 back back JJ 34701 569 29 pressure pressure NN 34701 569 30 . . . 34701 570 1 The the DT 34701 570 2 attaching attaching NN 34701 570 3 of of IN 34701 570 4 a a DT 34701 570 5 condenser condenser NN 34701 570 6 to to IN 34701 570 7 an an DT 34701 570 8 engine engine NN 34701 570 9 may may MD 34701 570 10 be be VB 34701 570 11 made make VBN 34701 570 12 to to TO 34701 570 13 produce produce VB 34701 570 14 two two CD 34701 570 15 results result NNS 34701 570 16 , , , 34701 570 17 as as IN 34701 570 18 shown show VBN 34701 570 19 by by IN 34701 570 20 the the DT 34701 570 21 work work NN 34701 570 22 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 570 23 illustrated illustrate VBN 34701 570 24 in in IN 34701 570 25 Figs Figs NNP 34701 570 26 . . . 34701 571 1 40 40 CD 34701 571 2 and and CC 34701 571 3 41 41 CD 34701 571 4 . . . 34701 572 1 In in IN 34701 572 2 the the DT 34701 572 3 first first JJ 34701 572 4 case case NN 34701 572 5 the the DT 34701 572 6 full full JJ 34701 572 7 line line NN 34701 572 8 represents represent VBZ 34701 572 9 the the DT 34701 572 10 diagram diagram NN 34701 572 11 of of IN 34701 572 12 the the DT 34701 572 13 engine engine NN 34701 572 14 when when WRB 34701 572 15 running run VBG 34701 572 16 non non JJ 34701 572 17 - - JJ 34701 572 18 condensing condensing JJ 34701 572 19 , , , 34701 572 20 and and CC 34701 572 21 the the DT 34701 572 22 area area NN 34701 572 23 of of IN 34701 572 24 the the DT 34701 572 25 diagram diagram NN 34701 572 26 gives give VBZ 34701 572 27 a a DT 34701 572 28 measure measure NN 34701 572 29 of of IN 34701 572 30 the the DT 34701 572 31 work work NN 34701 572 32 done do VBN 34701 572 33 . . . 34701 573 1 The the DT 34701 573 2 effect effect NN 34701 573 3 of of IN 34701 573 4 adding add VBG 34701 573 5 a a DT 34701 573 6 condenser condenser NN 34701 573 7 is be VBZ 34701 573 8 to to TO 34701 573 9 reduce reduce VB 34701 573 10 the the DT 34701 573 11 back back JJ 34701 573 12 pressure pressure NN 34701 573 13 on on IN 34701 573 14 an an DT 34701 573 15 average average NN 34701 573 16 of of IN 34701 573 17 10 10 CD 34701 573 18 to to TO 34701 573 19 12 12 CD 34701 573 20 pounds pound NNS 34701 573 21 per per IN 34701 573 22 square square JJ 34701 573 23 inch inch NN 34701 573 24 , , , 34701 573 25 which which WDT 34701 573 26 is be VBZ 34701 573 27 equivalent equivalent JJ 34701 573 28 to to IN 34701 573 29 adding add VBG 34701 573 30 the the DT 34701 573 31 same same JJ 34701 573 32 amount amount NN 34701 573 33 to to IN 34701 573 34 the the DT 34701 573 35 mean mean JJ 34701 573 36 effective effective JJ 34701 573 37 pressure pressure NN 34701 573 38 . . . 34701 574 1 The the DT 34701 574 2 effect effect NN 34701 574 3 of of IN 34701 574 4 this this DT 34701 574 5 on on IN 34701 574 6 the the DT 34701 574 7 diagram diagram NN 34701 574 8 , , , 34701 574 9 when when WRB 34701 574 10 the the DT 34701 574 11 cut cut VBN 34701 574 12 - - HYPH 34701 574 13 off off NN 34701 574 14 remains remain VBZ 34701 574 15 the the DT 34701 574 16 same same JJ 34701 574 17 , , , 34701 574 18 is be VBZ 34701 574 19 shown show VBN 34701 574 20 by by IN 34701 574 21 the the DT 34701 574 22 dotted dotted JJ 34701 574 23 line line NN 34701 574 24 in in IN 34701 574 25 Fig Fig NNP 34701 574 26 . . . 34701 575 1 40 40 CD 34701 575 2 . . . 34701 576 1 The the DT 34701 576 2 power power NN 34701 576 3 of of IN 34701 576 4 the the DT 34701 576 5 engine engine NN 34701 576 6 per per IN 34701 576 7 stroke stroke NN 34701 576 8 is be VBZ 34701 576 9 increased increase VBN 34701 576 10 by by IN 34701 576 11 an an DT 34701 576 12 amount amount NN 34701 576 13 represented represent VBN 34701 576 14 by by IN 34701 576 15 the the DT 34701 576 16 area area NN 34701 576 17 enclosed enclose VBN 34701 576 18 by by IN 34701 576 19 the the DT 34701 576 20 dotted dotted JJ 34701 576 21 line line NN 34701 576 22 and and CC 34701 576 23 the the DT 34701 576 24 bottom bottom NN 34701 576 25 of of IN 34701 576 26 the the DT 34701 576 27 original original JJ 34701 576 28 diagram diagram NN 34701 576 29 . . . 34701 577 1 Assuming assume VBG 34701 577 2 the the DT 34701 577 3 reduction reduction NN 34701 577 4 in in IN 34701 577 5 back back JJ 34701 577 6 pressure pressure NN 34701 577 7 to to TO 34701 577 8 be be VB 34701 577 9 10 10 CD 34701 577 10 pounds pound NNS 34701 577 11 , , , 34701 577 12 which which WDT 34701 577 13 is be VBZ 34701 577 14 often often RB 34701 577 15 exceeded exceed VBN 34701 577 16 in in IN 34701 577 17 the the DT 34701 577 18 best good JJS 34701 577 19 practice practice NN 34701 577 20 , , , 34701 577 21 the the DT 34701 577 22 gain gain NN 34701 577 23 in in IN 34701 577 24 power power NN 34701 577 25 by by IN 34701 577 26 running run VBG 34701 577 27 condensing condensing NN 34701 577 28 will will MD 34701 577 29 be be VB 34701 577 30 proportional proportional JJ 34701 577 31 to to IN 34701 577 32 the the DT 34701 577 33 increase increase NN 34701 577 34 in in IN 34701 577 35 mean mean JJ 34701 577 36 effective effective JJ 34701 577 37 pressure pressure NN 34701 577 38 under under IN 34701 577 39 these these DT 34701 577 40 conditions condition NNS 34701 577 41 . . . 34701 578 1 For for IN 34701 578 2 example example NN 34701 578 3 , , , 34701 578 4 if if IN 34701 578 5 the the DT 34701 578 6 mean mean UH 34701 578 7 effective effective JJ 34701 578 8 pressure pressure NN 34701 578 9 is be VBZ 34701 578 10 40 40 CD 34701 578 11 pounds pound NNS 34701 578 12 when when WRB 34701 578 13 running run VBG 34701 578 14 non non JJ 34701 578 15 - - JJ 34701 578 16 condensing condensing JJ 34701 578 17 , , , 34701 578 18 it -PRON- PRP 34701 578 19 will will MD 34701 578 20 be be VB 34701 578 21 increased increase VBN 34701 578 22 to to IN 34701 578 23 40 40 CD 34701 578 24 + + SYM 34701 578 25 10 10 CD 34701 578 26 = = SYM 34701 578 27 50 50 CD 34701 578 28 pounds pound NNS 34701 578 29 when when WRB 34701 578 30 running run VBG 34701 578 31 condensing condensing NN 34701 578 32 , , , 34701 578 33 that that RB 34701 578 34 is is RB 34701 578 35 , , , 34701 578 36 it -PRON- PRP 34701 578 37 is be VBZ 34701 578 38 50/40 50/40 CD 34701 578 39 = = SYM 34701 578 40 1.25 1.25 CD 34701 578 41 times time NNS 34701 578 42 as as RB 34701 578 43 great great JJ 34701 578 44 as as IN 34701 578 45 before before RB 34701 578 46 . . . 34701 579 1 Therefore therefore RB 34701 579 2 , , , 34701 579 3 if if IN 34701 579 4 the the DT 34701 579 5 engine engine NN 34701 579 6 develops develop VBZ 34701 579 7 100 100 CD 34701 579 8 I. I. NNP 34701 579 9 H. H. NNP 34701 579 10 P. P. NNP 34701 579 11 under under IN 34701 579 12 the the DT 34701 579 13 first first JJ 34701 579 14 condition condition NN 34701 579 15 , , , 34701 579 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 579 17 final final JJ 34701 579 18 power power NN 34701 579 19 will will MD 34701 579 20 be be VB 34701 579 21 increased increase VBN 34701 579 22 to to IN 34701 579 23 100 100 CD 34701 579 24 × × CD 34701 579 25 1.25 1.25 CD 34701 579 26 = = SYM 34701 579 27 125 125 CD 34701 579 28 I. I. NNP 34701 579 29 H. H. NNP 34701 579 30 P. P. NNP 34701 579 31 under under IN 34701 579 32 the the DT 34701 579 33 second second JJ 34701 579 34 condition condition NN 34701 579 35 . . . 34701 580 1 Fig fig NN 34701 580 2 . . . 34701 581 1 41 41 CD 34701 581 2 shows show VBZ 34701 581 3 the the DT 34701 581 4 effect effect NN 34701 581 5 of of IN 34701 581 6 adding add VBG 34701 581 7 a a DT 34701 581 8 condenser condenser NN 34701 581 9 and and CC 34701 581 10 shortening shorten VBG 34701 581 11 the the DT 34701 581 12 cut cut NN 34701 581 13 - - HYPH 34701 581 14 off off NN 34701 581 15 to to TO 34701 581 16 keep keep VB 34701 581 17 the the DT 34701 581 18 area area NN 34701 581 19 of of IN 34701 581 20 the the DT 34701 581 21 diagram diagram NN 34701 581 22 the the DT 34701 581 23 same same JJ 34701 581 24 as as IN 34701 581 25 before before RB 34701 581 26 . . . 34701 582 1 The the DT 34701 582 2 result result NN 34701 582 3 in in IN 34701 582 4 this this DT 34701 582 5 case case NN 34701 582 6 is be VBZ 34701 582 7 a a DT 34701 582 8 reduction reduction NN 34701 582 9 in in IN 34701 582 10 the the DT 34701 582 11 quantity quantity NN 34701 582 12 of of IN 34701 582 13 steam steam NN 34701 582 14 required require VBN 34701 582 15 to to TO 34701 582 16 develop develop VB 34701 582 17 the the DT 34701 582 18 same same JJ 34701 582 19 indicated indicate VBN 34701 582 20 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 582 21 . . . 34701 583 1 The the DT 34701 583 2 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 583 3 gain gain NN 34701 583 4 in in IN 34701 583 5 economy economy NN 34701 583 6 under under IN 34701 583 7 these these DT 34701 583 8 conditions condition NNS 34701 583 9 will will MD 34701 583 10 run run VB 34701 583 11 from from IN 34701 583 12 about about IN 34701 583 13 28 28 CD 34701 583 14 to to TO 34701 583 15 30 30 CD 34701 583 16 per per NN 34701 583 17 cent cent NN 34701 583 18 for for IN 34701 583 19 simple simple JJ 34701 583 20 , , , 34701 583 21 and and CC 34701 583 22 from from IN 34701 583 23 20 20 CD 34701 583 24 to to TO 34701 583 25 22 22 CD 34701 583 26 per per NN 34701 583 27 cent cent NN 34701 583 28 for for IN 34701 583 29 compound compound NN 34701 583 30 engines engine NNS 34701 583 31 . . . 34701 584 1 The the DT 34701 584 2 actual actual JJ 34701 584 3 gain gain NN 34701 584 4 will will MD 34701 584 5 depend depend VB 34701 584 6 upon upon IN 34701 584 7 the the DT 34701 584 8 cost cost NN 34701 584 9 and and CC 34701 584 10 operation operation NN 34701 584 11 of of IN 34701 584 12 the the DT 34701 584 13 condenser condenser NN 34701 584 14 which which WDT 34701 584 15 varies vary VBZ 34701 584 16 greatly greatly RB 34701 584 17 in in IN 34701 584 18 different different JJ 34701 584 19 localities locality NNS 34701 584 20 . . . 34701 585 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34701 585 2 V v NN 34701 585 3 TYPES types NN 34701 585 4 OF of IN 34701 585 5 STEAM steam JJ 34701 585 6 ENGINES engines NN 34701 585 7 There there EX 34701 585 8 are be VBP 34701 585 9 various various JJ 34701 585 10 ways way NNS 34701 585 11 of of IN 34701 585 12 classifying classify VBG 34701 585 13 steam steam NN 34701 585 14 engines engine NNS 34701 585 15 according accord VBG 34701 585 16 to to IN 34701 585 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 34701 585 18 construction construction NN 34701 585 19 , , , 34701 585 20 the the DT 34701 585 21 most most RBS 34701 585 22 common common JJ 34701 585 23 , , , 34701 585 24 perhaps perhaps RB 34701 585 25 , , , 34701 585 26 being be VBG 34701 585 27 according accord VBG 34701 585 28 to to IN 34701 585 29 speed speed NN 34701 585 30 . . . 34701 586 1 If if IN 34701 586 2 this this DT 34701 586 3 classification classification NN 34701 586 4 is be VBZ 34701 586 5 employed employ VBN 34701 586 6 , , , 34701 586 7 they -PRON- PRP 34701 586 8 may may MD 34701 586 9 be be VB 34701 586 10 grouped group VBN 34701 586 11 under under IN 34701 586 12 three three CD 34701 586 13 general general JJ 34701 586 14 headings heading NNS 34701 586 15 : : : 34701 586 16 High high JJ 34701 586 17 - - HYPH 34701 586 18 speed speed NN 34701 586 19 , , , 34701 586 20 from from IN 34701 586 21 300 300 CD 34701 586 22 to to TO 34701 586 23 400 400 CD 34701 586 24 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 586 25 per per IN 34701 586 26 minute minute NN 34701 586 27 ; ; : 34701 586 28 moderate moderate JJ 34701 586 29 - - HYPH 34701 586 30 speed speed NN 34701 586 31 , , , 34701 586 32 from from IN 34701 586 33 100 100 CD 34701 586 34 to to IN 34701 586 35 200 200 CD 34701 586 36 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 586 37 ; ; : 34701 586 38 and and CC 34701 586 39 slow slow JJ 34701 586 40 - - HYPH 34701 586 41 speed speed NN 34701 586 42 , , , 34701 586 43 from from IN 34701 586 44 60 60 CD 34701 586 45 to to TO 34701 586 46 90 90 CD 34701 586 47 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 586 48 ; ; : 34701 586 49 all all DT 34701 586 50 depending depend VBG 34701 586 51 , , , 34701 586 52 however however RB 34701 586 53 , , , 34701 586 54 upon upon IN 34701 586 55 the the DT 34701 586 56 length length NN 34701 586 57 of of IN 34701 586 58 stroke stroke NN 34701 586 59 . . . 34701 587 1 This this DT 34701 587 2 classification classification NN 34701 587 3 is be VBZ 34701 587 4 again again RB 34701 587 5 sub sub JJ 34701 587 6 - - HYPH 34701 587 7 divided divided JJ 34701 587 8 according accord VBG 34701 587 9 to to IN 34701 587 10 valve valve NN 34701 587 11 mechanism mechanism NN 34701 587 12 , , , 34701 587 13 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 587 14 and and CC 34701 587 15 vertical vertical JJ 34701 587 16 , , , 34701 587 17 simple simple JJ 34701 587 18 and and CC 34701 587 19 compound compound NN 34701 587 20 , , , 34701 587 21 etc etc FW 34701 587 22 . . . 34701 588 1 The the DT 34701 588 2 different different JJ 34701 588 3 forms form NNS 34701 588 4 of of IN 34701 588 5 engines engine NNS 34701 588 6 shown show VBN 34701 588 7 in in IN 34701 588 8 the the DT 34701 588 9 following follow VBG 34701 588 10 illustrations illustration NNS 34701 588 11 show show VBP 34701 588 12 representative representative JJ 34701 588 13 types type NNS 34701 588 14 in in IN 34701 588 15 common common JJ 34701 588 16 use use NN 34701 588 17 for for IN 34701 588 18 different different JJ 34701 588 19 purposes purpose NNS 34701 588 20 . . . 34701 589 1 The the DT 34701 589 2 Ball Ball NNP 34701 589 3 engine engine NN 34701 589 4 , , , 34701 589 5 as as IN 34701 589 6 shown show VBN 34701 589 7 in in IN 34701 589 8 Fig Fig NNP 34701 589 9 . . . 34701 590 1 42 42 CD 34701 590 2 , , , 34701 590 3 is be VBZ 34701 590 4 a a DT 34701 590 5 typical typical JJ 34701 590 6 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 590 7 single single JJ 34701 590 8 valve valve NN 34701 590 9 high high JJ 34701 590 10 - - HYPH 34701 590 11 speed speed NN 34701 590 12 engine engine NN 34701 590 13 with with IN 34701 590 14 a a DT 34701 590 15 direct direct JJ 34701 590 16 - - HYPH 34701 590 17 connected connected JJ 34701 590 18 dynamo dynamo NN 34701 590 19 . . . 34701 591 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 591 2 is be VBZ 34701 591 3 very very RB 34701 591 4 rigid rigid JJ 34701 591 5 in in IN 34701 591 6 design design NN 34701 591 7 and and CC 34701 591 8 especially especially RB 34701 591 9 compact compact JJ 34701 591 10 for for IN 34701 591 11 the the DT 34701 591 12 power power NN 34701 591 13 developed develop VBD 34701 591 14 . . . 34701 592 1 The the DT 34701 592 2 valve valve NN 34701 592 3 is be VBZ 34701 592 4 of of IN 34701 592 5 the the DT 34701 592 6 double double RB 34701 592 7 - - HYPH 34701 592 8 ported port VBN 34701 592 9 type type NN 34701 592 10 shown show VBN 34701 592 11 in in IN 34701 592 12 Fig Fig NNP 34701 592 13 . . . 34701 593 1 2 2 LS 34701 593 2 , , , 34701 593 3 having have VBG 34701 593 4 a a DT 34701 593 5 cover cover NN 34701 593 6 plate plate NN 34701 593 7 for for IN 34701 593 8 removing remove VBG 34701 593 9 the the DT 34701 593 10 steam steam NN 34701 593 11 pressure pressure NN 34701 593 12 from from IN 34701 593 13 the the DT 34701 593 14 back back NN 34701 593 15 of of IN 34701 593 16 the the DT 34701 593 17 valve valve NN 34701 593 18 . . . 34701 594 1 The the DT 34701 594 2 piston piston NN 34701 594 3 is be VBZ 34701 594 4 hollow hollow JJ 34701 594 5 with with IN 34701 594 6 internal internal JJ 34701 594 7 ribs rib NNS 34701 594 8 similar similar JJ 34701 594 9 to to IN 34701 594 10 that that DT 34701 594 11 shown show VBN 34701 594 12 in in IN 34701 594 13 Fig Fig NNP 34701 594 14 . . . 34701 595 1 29 29 CD 34701 595 2 , , , 34701 595 3 and and CC 34701 595 4 is be VBZ 34701 595 5 provided provide VBN 34701 595 6 with with IN 34701 595 7 spring spring NN 34701 595 8 packing packing NN 34701 595 9 rings ring NNS 34701 595 10 carefully carefully RB 34701 595 11 fitted fit VBN 34701 595 12 in in IN 34701 595 13 place place NN 34701 595 14 . . . 34701 596 1 The the DT 34701 596 2 governor governor NN 34701 596 3 is be VBZ 34701 596 4 of of IN 34701 596 5 the the DT 34701 596 6 shaft shaft NN 34701 596 7 type type NN 34701 596 8 , , , 34701 596 9 having have VBG 34701 596 10 only only RB 34701 596 11 one one CD 34701 596 12 weight weight NN 34701 596 13 instead instead RB 34701 596 14 of of IN 34701 596 15 two two CD 34701 596 16 , , , 34701 596 17 as as IN 34701 596 18 shown show VBN 34701 596 19 in in IN 34701 596 20 Fig Fig NNP 34701 596 21 . . . 34701 597 1 37 37 CD 34701 597 2 . . . 34701 598 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 598 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 598 3 : : : 34701 598 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 598 5 . . . 34701 599 1 42 42 CD 34701 599 2 . . . 34701 600 1 The the DT 34701 600 2 Ball Ball NNP 34701 600 3 Engine Engine NNP 34701 600 4 ] ] -RRB- 34701 600 5 The the DT 34701 600 6 Sturtevant sturtevant JJ 34701 600 7 engine engine NN 34701 600 8 shown show VBN 34701 600 9 in in IN 34701 600 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 600 11 . . . 34701 601 1 43 43 CD 34701 601 2 is be VBZ 34701 601 3 a a DT 34701 601 4 vertical vertical JJ 34701 601 5 high high JJ 34701 601 6 - - HYPH 34701 601 7 speed speed NN 34701 601 8 engine engine NN 34701 601 9 of of IN 34701 601 10 a a DT 34701 601 11 form form NN 34701 601 12 especially especially RB 34701 601 13 adapted adapt VBN 34701 601 14 to to IN 34701 601 15 electrical electrical JJ 34701 601 16 work work NN 34701 601 17 . . . 34701 602 1 Engines engine NNS 34701 602 2 of of IN 34701 602 3 this this DT 34701 602 4 general general JJ 34701 602 5 design design NN 34701 602 6 are be VBP 34701 602 7 made make VBN 34701 602 8 in in IN 34701 602 9 a a DT 34701 602 10 variety variety NN 34701 602 11 of of IN 34701 602 12 sizes size NNS 34701 602 13 , , , 34701 602 14 and and CC 34701 602 15 are be VBP 34701 602 16 often often RB 34701 602 17 used use VBN 34701 602 18 on on IN 34701 602 19 account account NN 34701 602 20 of of IN 34701 602 21 the the DT 34701 602 22 small small JJ 34701 602 23 floor floor NN 34701 602 24 space space NN 34701 602 25 required require VBN 34701 602 26 . . . 34701 603 1 In in IN 34701 603 2 the the DT 34701 603 3 matter matter NN 34701 603 4 of of IN 34701 603 5 detail detail NN 34701 603 6 , , , 34701 603 7 such such JJ 34701 603 8 as as IN 34701 603 9 valves valve NNS 34701 603 10 , , , 34701 603 11 governors governor NNS 34701 603 12 , , , 34701 603 13 etc etc FW 34701 603 14 . . FW 34701 603 15 , , , 34701 603 16 they -PRON- PRP 34701 603 17 do do VBP 34701 603 18 not not RB 34701 603 19 differ differ VB 34701 603 20 materially materially RB 34701 603 21 from from IN 34701 603 22 the the DT 34701 603 23 high high JJ 34701 603 24 - - HYPH 34701 603 25 speed speed NN 34701 603 26 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 603 27 engine engine NN 34701 603 28 . . . 34701 604 1 Fig fig NN 34701 604 2 . . . 34701 605 1 44 44 CD 34701 605 2 illustrates illustrate VBZ 34701 605 3 a a DT 34701 605 4 moderate moderate JJ 34701 605 5 - - HYPH 34701 605 6 speed speed NN 34701 605 7 engine engine NN 34701 605 8 of of IN 34701 605 9 the the DT 34701 605 10 four four CD 34701 605 11 - - HYPH 34701 605 12 valve valve NN 34701 605 13 type type NN 34701 605 14 . . . 34701 606 1 These these DT 34701 606 2 engines engine NNS 34701 606 3 are be VBP 34701 606 4 built build VBN 34701 606 5 either either CC 34701 606 6 with with IN 34701 606 7 flat flat JJ 34701 606 8 valves valve NNS 34701 606 9 , , , 34701 606 10 or or CC 34701 606 11 with with IN 34701 606 12 positively positively RB 34701 606 13 driven drive VBN 34701 606 14 rotary rotary JJ 34701 606 15 or or CC 34701 606 16 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 606 17 valves valve NNS 34701 606 18 , , , 34701 606 19 the the DT 34701 606 20 latter latter JJ 34701 606 21 being be VBG 34701 606 22 used use VBN 34701 606 23 in in IN 34701 606 24 the the DT 34701 606 25 engine engine NN 34701 606 26 shown show VBN 34701 606 27 . . . 34701 607 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 607 2 will will MD 34701 607 3 be be VB 34701 607 4 noticed notice VBN 34701 607 5 that that IN 34701 607 6 the the DT 34701 607 7 drop drop NN 34701 607 8 - - HYPH 34701 607 9 lever lever NN 34701 607 10 and and CC 34701 607 11 dash dash NN 34701 607 12 - - HYPH 34701 607 13 pot pot NN 34701 607 14 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 607 15 is be VBZ 34701 607 16 omitted omit VBN 34701 607 17 , , , 34701 607 18 the the DT 34701 607 19 valves valve NNS 34701 607 20 being be VBG 34701 607 21 both both DT 34701 607 22 opened open VBN 34701 607 23 and and CC 34701 607 24 closed close VBN 34701 607 25 by by IN 34701 607 26 means mean NNS 34701 607 27 of of IN 34701 607 28 the the DT 34701 607 29 wrist wrist NN 34701 607 30 - - HYPH 34701 607 31 plate plate NN 34701 607 32 and and CC 34701 607 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 607 34 connecting connect VBG 34701 607 35 rods rod NNS 34701 607 36 . . . 34701 608 1 This this DT 34701 608 2 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 608 3 is be VBZ 34701 608 4 used use VBN 34701 608 5 on on IN 34701 608 6 account account NN 34701 608 7 of of IN 34701 608 8 the the DT 34701 608 9 higher high JJR 34701 608 10 speed speed NN 34701 608 11 at at IN 34701 608 12 which which WDT 34701 608 13 the the DT 34701 608 14 engine engine NN 34701 608 15 is be VBZ 34701 608 16 run run VBN 34701 608 17 , , , 34701 608 18 the the DT 34701 608 19 regular regular JJ 34701 608 20 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 608 21 valve valve NN 34701 608 22 gear gear NN 34701 608 23 being be VBG 34701 608 24 limited limit VBN 34701 608 25 to to IN 34701 608 26 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 608 27 low low JJ 34701 608 28 speeds speed NNS 34701 608 29 . . . 34701 609 1 All all DT 34701 609 2 engines engine NNS 34701 609 3 of of IN 34701 609 4 this this DT 34701 609 5 make make NN 34701 609 6 are be VBP 34701 609 7 provided provide VBN 34701 609 8 with with IN 34701 609 9 an an DT 34701 609 10 automatic automatic JJ 34701 609 11 system system NN 34701 609 12 of of IN 34701 609 13 lubrication lubrication NN 34701 609 14 . . . 34701 610 1 The the DT 34701 610 2 oil oil NN 34701 610 3 is be VBZ 34701 610 4 pumped pump VBN 34701 610 5 through through IN 34701 610 6 a a DT 34701 610 7 filter filter NN 34701 610 8 to to IN 34701 610 9 a a DT 34701 610 10 central central JJ 34701 610 11 reservoir reservoir NN 34701 610 12 , , , 34701 610 13 seen see VBN 34701 610 14 above above IN 34701 610 15 the the DT 34701 610 16 center center NN 34701 610 17 of of IN 34701 610 18 the the DT 34701 610 19 engine engine NN 34701 610 20 , , , 34701 610 21 and and CC 34701 610 22 from from IN 34701 610 23 here here RB 34701 610 24 delivered deliver VBN 34701 610 25 to to IN 34701 610 26 all all DT 34701 610 27 bearings bearing NNS 34701 610 28 by by IN 34701 610 29 gravity gravity NN 34701 610 30 . . . 34701 611 1 The the DT 34701 611 2 pump pump NN 34701 611 3 is be VBZ 34701 611 4 attached attach VBN 34701 611 5 to to IN 34701 611 6 the the DT 34701 611 7 rocker rocker NN 34701 611 8 arm arm NN 34701 611 9 , , , 34701 611 10 and and CC 34701 611 11 therefore therefore RB 34701 611 12 easily easily RB 34701 611 13 accessible accessible JJ 34701 611 14 for for IN 34701 611 15 repairs repair NNS 34701 611 16 . . . 34701 612 1 The the DT 34701 612 2 standard standard JJ 34701 612 3 Harris Harris NNP 34701 612 4 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 612 5 engine engine NN 34701 612 6 shown show VBN 34701 612 7 in in IN 34701 612 8 Fig Fig NNP 34701 612 9 . . . 34701 613 1 45 45 CD 34701 613 2 , , , 34701 613 3 is be VBZ 34701 613 4 typical typical JJ 34701 613 5 of of IN 34701 613 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 613 7 class class NN 34701 613 8 . . . 34701 614 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 614 2 is be VBZ 34701 614 3 provided provide VBN 34701 614 4 with with IN 34701 614 5 the the DT 34701 614 6 girder girder NN 34701 614 7 type type NN 34701 614 8 of of IN 34701 614 9 frame frame NN 34701 614 10 , , , 34701 614 11 and and CC 34701 614 12 with with IN 34701 614 13 an an DT 34701 614 14 outboard outboard NN 34701 614 15 bearing bearing NN 34701 614 16 mounted mount VBN 34701 614 17 upon upon IN 34701 614 18 a a DT 34701 614 19 stone stone NN 34701 614 20 foundation foundation NN 34701 614 21 . . . 34701 615 1 The the DT 34701 615 2 valve valve NN 34701 615 3 gear gear NN 34701 615 4 is be VBZ 34701 615 5 of of IN 34701 615 6 the the DT 34701 615 7 regular regular JJ 34701 615 8 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 615 9 type type NN 34701 615 10 , , , 34701 615 11 driven drive VBN 34701 615 12 by by IN 34701 615 13 a a DT 34701 615 14 single single JJ 34701 615 15 eccentric eccentric NN 34701 615 16 and and CC 34701 615 17 wrist wrist NN 34701 615 18 - - HYPH 34701 615 19 plate plate NN 34701 615 20 . . . 34701 616 1 The the DT 34701 616 2 dash dash NN 34701 616 3 pots pot NNS 34701 616 4 are be VBP 34701 616 5 mounted mount VBN 34701 616 6 on on IN 34701 616 7 cast cast NN 34701 616 8 - - HYPH 34701 616 9 iron iron NN 34701 616 10 plates plate NNS 34701 616 11 set set VBN 34701 616 12 in in IN 34701 616 13 the the DT 34701 616 14 floor floor NN 34701 616 15 at at IN 34701 616 16 the the DT 34701 616 17 side side NN 34701 616 18 of of IN 34701 616 19 the the DT 34701 616 20 engine engine NN 34701 616 21 , , , 34701 616 22 where where WRB 34701 616 23 they -PRON- PRP 34701 616 24 may may MD 34701 616 25 be be VB 34701 616 26 easily easily RB 34701 616 27 inspected inspect VBN 34701 616 28 . . . 34701 617 1 The the DT 34701 617 2 governor governor NN 34701 617 3 is be VBZ 34701 617 4 similar similar JJ 34701 617 5 in in IN 34701 617 6 construction construction NN 34701 617 7 to to IN 34701 617 8 the the DT 34701 617 9 one one NN 34701 617 10 already already RB 34701 617 11 described describe VBN 34701 617 12 , , , 34701 617 13 and and CC 34701 617 14 shown show VBN 34701 617 15 in in IN 34701 617 16 Fig Fig NNP 34701 617 17 . . . 34701 618 1 27 27 CD 34701 618 2 . . . 34701 619 1 The the DT 34701 619 2 four four CD 34701 619 3 engines engine NNS 34701 619 4 so so RB 34701 619 5 far far RB 34701 619 6 described describe VBN 34701 619 7 are be VBP 34701 619 8 simple simple JJ 34701 619 9 engines engine NNS 34701 619 10 , , , 34701 619 11 the the DT 34701 619 12 expansion expansion NN 34701 619 13 taking take VBG 34701 619 14 place place NN 34701 619 15 in in IN 34701 619 16 a a DT 34701 619 17 single single JJ 34701 619 18 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 619 19 . . . 34701 620 1 Figs fig NNS 34701 620 2 . . . 34701 621 1 46 46 CD 34701 621 2 to to TO 34701 621 3 48 48 CD 34701 621 4 show show VB 34701 621 5 three three CD 34701 621 6 different different JJ 34701 621 7 types type NNS 34701 621 8 of of IN 34701 621 9 the the DT 34701 621 10 compound compound NN 34701 621 11 engine engine NN 34701 621 12 . . . 34701 622 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 622 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 622 3 : : : 34701 622 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 622 5 . . . 34701 623 1 43 43 CD 34701 623 2 . . . 34701 624 1 The the DT 34701 624 2 Sturtevant Sturtevant NNP 34701 624 3 Vertical Vertical NNP 34701 624 4 Engine Engine NNP 34701 624 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 624 6 The the DT 34701 624 7 engine engine NN 34701 624 8 shown show VBN 34701 624 9 in in IN 34701 624 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 624 11 . . . 34701 625 1 46 46 CD 34701 625 2 is be VBZ 34701 625 3 of of IN 34701 625 4 a a DT 34701 625 5 type type NN 34701 625 6 known know VBN 34701 625 7 as as IN 34701 625 8 the the DT 34701 625 9 tandem tandem NN 34701 625 10 compound compound NN 34701 625 11 . . . 34701 626 1 In in IN 34701 626 2 this this DT 34701 626 3 design design NN 34701 626 4 the the DT 34701 626 5 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 626 6 are be VBP 34701 626 7 in in IN 34701 626 8 line line NN 34701 626 9 , , , 34701 626 10 the the DT 34701 626 11 low low JJ 34701 626 12 - - HYPH 34701 626 13 pressure pressure NN 34701 626 14 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 626 15 in in IN 34701 626 16 front front NN 34701 626 17 of of IN 34701 626 18 the the DT 34701 626 19 high high JJ 34701 626 20 - - HYPH 34701 626 21 pressure pressure NN 34701 626 22 , , , 34701 626 23 as as IN 34701 626 24 shown show VBN 34701 626 25 . . . 34701 627 1 There there EX 34701 627 2 is be VBZ 34701 627 3 only only RB 34701 627 4 one one CD 34701 627 5 piston piston NN 34701 627 6 rod rod NN 34701 627 7 , , , 34701 627 8 the the DT 34701 627 9 high high JJ 34701 627 10 - - HYPH 34701 627 11 pressure pressure NN 34701 627 12 and and CC 34701 627 13 low low JJ 34701 627 14 - - HYPH 34701 627 15 pressure pressure NN 34701 627 16 pistons piston NNS 34701 627 17 being be VBG 34701 627 18 mounted mount VBN 34701 627 19 on on IN 34701 627 20 the the DT 34701 627 21 same same JJ 34701 627 22 rod rod NN 34701 627 23 . . . 34701 628 1 The the DT 34701 628 2 general general JJ 34701 628 3 appearance appearance NN 34701 628 4 of of IN 34701 628 5 an an DT 34701 628 6 engine engine NN 34701 628 7 of of IN 34701 628 8 this this DT 34701 628 9 design design NN 34701 628 10 is be VBZ 34701 628 11 the the DT 34701 628 12 same same JJ 34701 628 13 as as IN 34701 628 14 a a DT 34701 628 15 simple simple JJ 34701 628 16 engine engine NN 34701 628 17 , , , 34701 628 18 except except IN 34701 628 19 for for IN 34701 628 20 the the DT 34701 628 21 addition addition NN 34701 628 22 of of IN 34701 628 23 the the DT 34701 628 24 high high JJ 34701 628 25 - - HYPH 34701 628 26 pressure pressure NN 34701 628 27 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 628 28 . . . 34701 629 1 The the DT 34701 629 2 governor governor NN 34701 629 3 is be VBZ 34701 629 4 of of IN 34701 629 5 the the DT 34701 629 6 shaft shaft NN 34701 629 7 type type NN 34701 629 8 and and CC 34701 629 9 operates operate VBZ 34701 629 10 by by IN 34701 629 11 changing change VBG 34701 629 12 the the DT 34701 629 13 cut cut NN 34701 629 14 - - HYPH 34701 629 15 off off NN 34701 629 16 in in IN 34701 629 17 the the DT 34701 629 18 high high JJ 34701 629 19 - - HYPH 34701 629 20 pressure pressure NN 34701 629 21 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 629 22 . . . 34701 630 1 The the DT 34701 630 2 cut cut NN 34701 630 3 - - HYPH 34701 630 4 off off NN 34701 630 5 in in IN 34701 630 6 the the DT 34701 630 7 low low JJ 34701 630 8 pressure pressure NN 34701 630 9 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 630 10 is be VBZ 34701 630 11 adjusted adjust VBN 34701 630 12 by by IN 34701 630 13 hand hand NN 34701 630 14 to to TO 34701 630 15 divide divide VB 34701 630 16 the the DT 34701 630 17 load load NN 34701 630 18 equally equally RB 34701 630 19 between between IN 34701 630 20 the the DT 34701 630 21 two two CD 34701 630 22 cylinders cylinder NNS 34701 630 23 for for IN 34701 630 24 the the DT 34701 630 25 normal normal JJ 34701 630 26 load load NN 34701 630 27 which which WDT 34701 630 28 the the DT 34701 630 29 engine engine NN 34701 630 30 is be VBZ 34701 630 31 to to TO 34701 630 32 carry carry VB 34701 630 33 . . . 34701 631 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 631 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 631 3 : : : 34701 631 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 631 5 . . . 34701 632 1 44 44 CD 34701 632 2 . . . 34701 633 1 Moderate moderate JJ 34701 633 2 Speed speed NN 34701 633 3 Engine Engine NNP 34701 633 4 of of IN 34701 633 5 the the DT 34701 633 6 Four four CD 34701 633 7 - - HYPH 34701 633 8 valve valve NN 34701 633 9 Type type NN 34701 633 10 ] ] -RRB- 34701 633 11 The the DT 34701 633 12 engine engine NN 34701 633 13 shown show VBN 34701 633 14 in in IN 34701 633 15 Fig Fig NNP 34701 633 16 . . . 34701 634 1 47 47 CD 34701 634 2 is be VBZ 34701 634 3 known know VBN 34701 634 4 as as IN 34701 634 5 a a DT 34701 634 6 duplex duplex JJ 34701 634 7 compound compound NN 34701 634 8 . . . 34701 635 1 In in IN 34701 635 2 this this DT 34701 635 3 design design NN 34701 635 4 the the DT 34701 635 5 high high JJ 34701 635 6 - - HYPH 34701 635 7 pressure pressure NN 34701 635 8 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 635 9 is be VBZ 34701 635 10 placed place VBN 34701 635 11 directly directly RB 34701 635 12 below below IN 34701 635 13 the the DT 34701 635 14 low low JJ 34701 635 15 - - HYPH 34701 635 16 pressure pressure NN 34701 635 17 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 635 18 , , , 34701 635 19 as as IN 34701 635 20 indicated indicate VBN 34701 635 21 , , , 34701 635 22 and and CC 34701 635 23 both both DT 34701 635 24 piston piston NN 34701 635 25 rods rod NNS 34701 635 26 are be VBP 34701 635 27 attached attach VBN 34701 635 28 to to IN 34701 635 29 the the DT 34701 635 30 same same JJ 34701 635 31 cross cross NN 34701 635 32 - - NN 34701 635 33 head head NN 34701 635 34 . . . 34701 636 1 The the DT 34701 636 2 remainder remainder NN 34701 636 3 of of IN 34701 636 4 the the DT 34701 636 5 engine engine NN 34701 636 6 is be VBZ 34701 636 7 practically practically RB 34701 636 8 the the DT 34701 636 9 same same JJ 34701 636 10 as as IN 34701 636 11 a a DT 34701 636 12 simple simple JJ 34701 636 13 engine engine NN 34701 636 14 of of IN 34701 636 15 the the DT 34701 636 16 same same JJ 34701 636 17 type type NN 34701 636 18 . . . 34701 637 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 637 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 637 3 : : : 34701 637 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 637 5 . . . 34701 638 1 45 45 CD 34701 638 2 . . . 34701 639 1 The the DT 34701 639 2 Harris Harris NNP 34701 639 3 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 639 4 Engine Engine NNP 34701 639 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 639 6 Fig Fig NNP 34701 639 7 . . . 34701 640 1 48 48 CD 34701 640 2 shows show VBZ 34701 640 3 a a DT 34701 640 4 cross cross JJ 34701 640 5 - - JJ 34701 640 6 compound compound JJ 34701 640 7 engine engine NN 34701 640 8 of of IN 34701 640 9 heavy heavy JJ 34701 640 10 design design NN 34701 640 11 , , , 34701 640 12 built build VBN 34701 640 13 especially especially RB 34701 640 14 for for IN 34701 640 15 rolling roll VBG 34701 640 16 mill mill NN 34701 640 17 work work NN 34701 640 18 . . . 34701 641 1 In in IN 34701 641 2 this this DT 34701 641 3 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 641 4 two two CD 34701 641 5 complete complete JJ 34701 641 6 engines engine NNS 34701 641 7 are be VBP 34701 641 8 used use VBN 34701 641 9 , , , 34701 641 10 except except IN 34701 641 11 for for IN 34701 641 12 the the DT 34701 641 13 main main JJ 34701 641 14 shaft shaft NN 34701 641 15 and and CC 34701 641 16 flywheel flywheel NN 34701 641 17 , , , 34701 641 18 which which WDT 34701 641 19 are be VBP 34701 641 20 common common JJ 34701 641 21 to to IN 34701 641 22 both both DT 34701 641 23 . . . 34701 642 1 The the DT 34701 642 2 engine engine NN 34701 642 3 is be VBZ 34701 642 4 so so RB 34701 642 5 piped pipe VBN 34701 642 6 that that IN 34701 642 7 the the DT 34701 642 8 high high JJ 34701 642 9 - - HYPH 34701 642 10 pressure pressure NN 34701 642 11 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 642 12 exhausts exhaust VBZ 34701 642 13 into into IN 34701 642 14 the the DT 34701 642 15 low low JJ 34701 642 16 - - HYPH 34701 642 17 pressure pressure NN 34701 642 18 , , , 34701 642 19 through through IN 34701 642 20 a a DT 34701 642 21 receiver receiver NN 34701 642 22 , , , 34701 642 23 the the DT 34701 642 24 connection connection NN 34701 642 25 being be VBG 34701 642 26 under under IN 34701 642 27 the the DT 34701 642 28 floor floor NN 34701 642 29 and and CC 34701 642 30 not not RB 34701 642 31 shown show VBN 34701 642 32 in in IN 34701 642 33 the the DT 34701 642 34 illustration illustration NN 34701 642 35 . . . 34701 643 1 One one CD 34701 643 2 of of IN 34701 643 3 the the DT 34701 643 4 advantages advantage NNS 34701 643 5 of of IN 34701 643 6 the the DT 34701 643 7 cross cross JJ 34701 643 8 - - JJ 34701 643 9 compound compound JJ 34701 643 10 engine engine NN 34701 643 11 over over IN 34701 643 12 other other JJ 34701 643 13 forms form NNS 34701 643 14 is be VBZ 34701 643 15 that that IN 34701 643 16 the the DT 34701 643 17 cranks crank NNS 34701 643 18 may may MD 34701 643 19 be be VB 34701 643 20 set set VBN 34701 643 21 90 90 CD 34701 643 22 degrees degree NNS 34701 643 23 apart apart RB 34701 643 24 , , , 34701 643 25 so so IN 34701 643 26 that that IN 34701 643 27 when when WRB 34701 643 28 one one PRP 34701 643 29 is be VBZ 34701 643 30 on on IN 34701 643 31 a a DT 34701 643 32 dead dead JJ 34701 643 33 center center NN 34701 643 34 the the DT 34701 643 35 other other JJ 34701 643 36 is be VBZ 34701 643 37 approximately approximately RB 34701 643 38 at at IN 34701 643 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 643 40 position position NN 34701 643 41 of of IN 34701 643 42 greatest great JJS 34701 643 43 effort effort NN 34701 643 44 . . . 34701 644 1 Selection selection NN 34701 644 2 of of IN 34701 644 3 an an DT 34701 644 4 Engine engine NN 34701 644 5 The the DT 34701 644 6 selection selection NN 34701 644 7 of of IN 34701 644 8 an an DT 34701 644 9 engine engine NN 34701 644 10 depends depend VBZ 34701 644 11 upon upon IN 34701 644 12 a a DT 34701 644 13 number number NN 34701 644 14 of of IN 34701 644 15 conditions condition NNS 34701 644 16 which which WDT 34701 644 17 vary vary VBP 34701 644 18 to to IN 34701 644 19 a a DT 34701 644 20 considerable considerable JJ 34701 644 21 extent extent NN 34701 644 22 in in IN 34701 644 23 different different JJ 34701 644 24 cases case NNS 34701 644 25 . . . 34701 645 1 Among among IN 34701 645 2 these these DT 34701 645 3 may may MD 34701 645 4 be be VB 34701 645 5 mentioned mention VBN 34701 645 6 first first JJ 34701 645 7 cost cost NN 34701 645 8 , , , 34701 645 9 size size NN 34701 645 10 and and CC 34701 645 11 character character NN 34701 645 12 of of IN 34701 645 13 plant plant NN 34701 645 14 , , , 34701 645 15 available available JJ 34701 645 16 space space NN 34701 645 17 , , , 34701 645 18 steam steam NN 34701 645 19 economy economy NN 34701 645 20 , , , 34701 645 21 and and CC 34701 645 22 utilization utilization NN 34701 645 23 of of IN 34701 645 24 the the DT 34701 645 25 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 645 26 steam steam NN 34701 645 27 . . . 34701 646 1 The the DT 34701 646 2 question question NN 34701 646 3 of of IN 34701 646 4 first first JJ 34701 646 5 cost cost NN 34701 646 6 is be VBZ 34701 646 7 usually usually RB 34701 646 8 considered consider VBN 34701 646 9 in in IN 34701 646 10 connection connection NN 34701 646 11 with with IN 34701 646 12 that that DT 34701 646 13 of of IN 34701 646 14 operation operation NN 34701 646 15 , , , 34701 646 16 and and CC 34701 646 17 items item NNS 34701 646 18 such such JJ 34701 646 19 as as IN 34701 646 20 interest interest NN 34701 646 21 and and CC 34701 646 22 depreciation depreciation NN 34701 646 23 are be VBP 34701 646 24 compared compare VBN 34701 646 25 with with IN 34701 646 26 the the DT 34701 646 27 saving saving NN 34701 646 28 made make VBN 34701 646 29 through through IN 34701 646 30 the the DT 34701 646 31 saving saving NN 34701 646 32 in in IN 34701 646 33 steam steam NN 34701 646 34 with with IN 34701 646 35 high high JJ 34701 646 36 priced price VBN 34701 646 37 engines engine NNS 34701 646 38 . . . 34701 647 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 647 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 647 3 : : : 34701 647 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 647 5 . . . 34701 648 1 46 46 CD 34701 648 2 . . . 34701 649 1 The the DT 34701 649 2 Skinner Skinner NNP 34701 649 3 Tandem Tandem NNP 34701 649 4 Engine Engine NNP 34701 649 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 649 6 [ [ -LRB- 34701 649 7 Illustration illustration NN 34701 649 8 : : : 34701 649 9 Fig Fig NNP 34701 649 10 . . . 34701 650 1 47 47 CD 34701 650 2 . . . 34701 651 1 American American NNP 34701 651 2 Ball Ball NNP 34701 651 3 Duplex Duplex NNP 34701 651 4 Compound Compound NNP 34701 651 5 Engine Engine NNP 34701 651 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 651 7 The the DT 34701 651 8 principal principal JJ 34701 651 9 use use NN 34701 651 10 of of IN 34701 651 11 the the DT 34701 651 12 stationary stationary JJ 34701 651 13 engine engine NN 34701 651 14 is be VBZ 34701 651 15 confined confine VBN 34701 651 16 to to IN 34701 651 17 the the DT 34701 651 18 driving driving NN 34701 651 19 of of IN 34701 651 20 electric electric JJ 34701 651 21 generators generator NNS 34701 651 22 and and CC 34701 651 23 the the DT 34701 651 24 furnishing furnishing NN 34701 651 25 of of IN 34701 651 26 motive motive JJ 34701 651 27 power power NN 34701 651 28 in in IN 34701 651 29 shops shop NNS 34701 651 30 and and CC 34701 651 31 factories factory NNS 34701 651 32 . . . 34701 652 1 For for IN 34701 652 2 the the DT 34701 652 3 first first JJ 34701 652 4 of of IN 34701 652 5 these these DT 34701 652 6 uses use NNS 34701 652 7 , , , 34701 652 8 in in IN 34701 652 9 cases case NNS 34701 652 10 where where WRB 34701 652 11 floor floor NN 34701 652 12 space space NN 34701 652 13 is be VBZ 34701 652 14 limited limited JJ 34701 652 15 , , , 34701 652 16 as as IN 34701 652 17 in in IN 34701 652 18 office office NN 34701 652 19 buildings building NNS 34701 652 20 , , , 34701 652 21 and and CC 34701 652 22 where where WRB 34701 652 23 the the DT 34701 652 24 power power NN 34701 652 25 does do VBZ 34701 652 26 not not RB 34701 652 27 exceed exceed VB 34701 652 28 about about RB 34701 652 29 100 100 CD 34701 652 30 I. I. NNP 34701 652 31 H. H. NNP 34701 652 32 P. P. NNP 34701 652 33 , , , 34701 652 34 the the DT 34701 652 35 simple simple JJ 34701 652 36 non non JJ 34701 652 37 - - JJ 34701 652 38 condensing condensing JJ 34701 652 39 high high JJ 34701 652 40 - - HYPH 34701 652 41 speed speed NN 34701 652 42 engine engine NN 34701 652 43 is be VBZ 34701 652 44 probably probably RB 34701 652 45 employed employ VBN 34701 652 46 more more JJR 34701 652 47 than than IN 34701 652 48 any any DT 34701 652 49 other other JJ 34701 652 50 type type NN 34701 652 51 . . . 34701 653 1 For for IN 34701 653 2 larger large JJR 34701 653 3 installations installation NNS 34701 653 4 , , , 34701 653 5 a a DT 34701 653 6 saving saving NN 34701 653 7 may may MD 34701 653 8 usually usually RB 34701 653 9 be be VB 34701 653 10 made make VBN 34701 653 11 by by IN 34701 653 12 the the DT 34701 653 13 substitution substitution NN 34701 653 14 of of IN 34701 653 15 the the DT 34701 653 16 moderate moderate JJ 34701 653 17 - - HYPH 34701 653 18 speed speed NN 34701 653 19 four four CD 34701 653 20 - - HYPH 34701 653 21 valve valve NN 34701 653 22 engine engine NN 34701 653 23 . . . 34701 654 1 The the DT 34701 654 2 question question NN 34701 654 3 of of IN 34701 654 4 simple simple JJ 34701 654 5 and and CC 34701 654 6 compound compound NN 34701 654 7 engines engine NNS 34701 654 8 in in IN 34701 654 9 this this DT 34701 654 10 class class NN 34701 654 11 of of IN 34701 654 12 work work NN 34701 654 13 depends depend VBZ 34701 654 14 largely largely RB 34701 654 15 upon upon IN 34701 654 16 the the DT 34701 654 17 use use NN 34701 654 18 made make VBN 34701 654 19 of of IN 34701 654 20 the the DT 34701 654 21 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 654 22 steam steam NN 34701 654 23 . . . 34701 655 1 In in IN 34701 655 2 winter winter NN 34701 655 3 time time NN 34701 655 4 the the DT 34701 655 5 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 655 6 is be VBZ 34701 655 7 nearly nearly RB 34701 655 8 always always RB 34701 655 9 utilized utilize VBN 34701 655 10 in in IN 34701 655 11 the the DT 34701 655 12 heating heating NN 34701 655 13 system system NN 34701 655 14 , , , 34701 655 15 hence hence RB 34701 655 16 steam steam NN 34701 655 17 economy economy NN 34701 655 18 is be VBZ 34701 655 19 not not RB 34701 655 20 of of IN 34701 655 21 great great JJ 34701 655 22 importance importance NN 34701 655 23 , , , 34701 655 24 and and CC 34701 655 25 the the DT 34701 655 26 simple simple JJ 34701 655 27 engine engine NN 34701 655 28 answers answer NNS 34701 655 29 all all DT 34701 655 30 purposes purpose NNS 34701 655 31 at at IN 34701 655 32 a a DT 34701 655 33 smaller small JJR 34701 655 34 first first JJ 34701 655 35 cost cost NN 34701 655 36 . . . 34701 656 1 In in IN 34701 656 2 localities locality NNS 34701 656 3 where where WRB 34701 656 4 the the DT 34701 656 5 heating heating NN 34701 656 6 season season NN 34701 656 7 is be VBZ 34701 656 8 comparatively comparatively RB 34701 656 9 short short JJ 34701 656 10 and and CC 34701 656 11 fuel fuel NN 34701 656 12 high high RB 34701 656 13 , , , 34701 656 14 there there EX 34701 656 15 is be VBZ 34701 656 16 a a DT 34701 656 17 decided decided JJ 34701 656 18 advantage advantage NN 34701 656 19 in in IN 34701 656 20 using use VBG 34701 656 21 compound compound NN 34701 656 22 engines engine NNS 34701 656 23 on on IN 34701 656 24 account account NN 34701 656 25 of of IN 34701 656 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 34701 656 27 greater great JJR 34701 656 28 steam steam NN 34701 656 29 economy economy NN 34701 656 30 when when WRB 34701 656 31 operated operate VBN 34701 656 32 within within IN 34701 656 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 34701 656 34 economical economical JJ 34701 656 35 range range NN 34701 656 36 as as IN 34701 656 37 regards regard VBZ 34701 656 38 load load NN 34701 656 39 . . . 34701 657 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 657 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 657 3 : : : 34701 657 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 657 5 . . . 34701 658 1 48 48 CD 34701 658 2 . . . 34701 659 1 The the DT 34701 659 2 Monarch Monarch NNP 34701 659 3 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 659 4 Engine Engine NNP 34701 659 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 659 6 In in IN 34701 659 7 large large JJ 34701 659 8 central central JJ 34701 659 9 plants plant NNS 34701 659 10 where where WRB 34701 659 11 low low JJ 34701 659 12 cost cost NN 34701 659 13 of of IN 34701 659 14 operation operation NN 34701 659 15 is be VBZ 34701 659 16 always always RB 34701 659 17 of of IN 34701 659 18 first first JJ 34701 659 19 importance importance NN 34701 659 20 , , , 34701 659 21 it -PRON- PRP 34701 659 22 is be VBZ 34701 659 23 common common JJ 34701 659 24 practice practice NN 34701 659 25 to to TO 34701 659 26 use use VB 34701 659 27 the the DT 34701 659 28 best good JJS 34701 659 29 class class NN 34701 659 30 of of IN 34701 659 31 compound compound NN 34701 659 32 condensing condensing NN 34701 659 33 engines engine NNS 34701 659 34 of of IN 34701 659 35 moderate moderate JJ 34701 659 36 or or CC 34701 659 37 low low JJ 34701 659 38 speed speed NN 34701 659 39 . . . 34701 660 1 Those those DT 34701 660 2 equipped equip VBN 34701 660 3 with with IN 34701 660 4 some some DT 34701 660 5 form form NN 34701 660 6 of of IN 34701 660 7 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 660 8 valve valve NN 34701 660 9 gear gear NN 34701 660 10 are be VBP 34701 660 11 frequently frequently RB 34701 660 12 found find VBN 34701 660 13 in in IN 34701 660 14 this this DT 34701 660 15 class class NN 34701 660 16 of of IN 34701 660 17 work work NN 34701 660 18 . . . 34701 661 1 In in IN 34701 661 2 the the DT 34701 661 3 generation generation NN 34701 661 4 of of IN 34701 661 5 power power NN 34701 661 6 for for IN 34701 661 7 shops shop NNS 34701 661 8 and and CC 34701 661 9 factories factory NNS 34701 661 10 , , , 34701 661 11 where where WRB 34701 661 12 there there EX 34701 661 13 is be VBZ 34701 661 14 plenty plenty NN 34701 661 15 of of IN 34701 661 16 floor floor NN 34701 661 17 space space NN 34701 661 18 , , , 34701 661 19 low low JJ 34701 661 20 - - HYPH 34701 661 21 speed speed NN 34701 661 22 engines engine NNS 34701 661 23 of of IN 34701 661 24 the the DT 34701 661 25 Corliss Corliss NNP 34701 661 26 type type NN 34701 661 27 are be VBP 34701 661 28 most most RBS 34701 661 29 commonly commonly RB 34701 661 30 used use VBN 34701 661 31 . . . 34701 662 1 When when WRB 34701 662 2 space space NN 34701 662 3 is be VBZ 34701 662 4 limited limited JJ 34701 662 5 , , , 34701 662 6 very very RB 34701 662 7 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 34701 662 8 results result NNS 34701 662 9 may may MD 34701 662 10 be be VB 34701 662 11 obtained obtain VBN 34701 662 12 by by IN 34701 662 13 using use VBG 34701 662 14 the the DT 34701 662 15 moderate moderate JJ 34701 662 16 - - HYPH 34701 662 17 speed speed NN 34701 662 18 four four CD 34701 662 19 - - HYPH 34701 662 20 valve valve NN 34701 662 21 engine engine NN 34701 662 22 . . . 34701 663 1 In in IN 34701 663 2 deciding decide VBG 34701 663 3 upon upon IN 34701 663 4 an an DT 34701 663 5 engine engine NN 34701 663 6 for for IN 34701 663 7 any any DT 34701 663 8 particular particular JJ 34701 663 9 case case NN 34701 663 10 , , , 34701 663 11 the the DT 34701 663 12 problem problem NN 34701 663 13 must must MD 34701 663 14 be be VB 34701 663 15 studied study VBN 34701 663 16 from from IN 34701 663 17 all all DT 34701 663 18 sides side NNS 34701 663 19 , , , 34701 663 20 and and CC 34701 663 21 one one NN 34701 663 22 be be VB 34701 663 23 chosen choose VBN 34701 663 24 which which WDT 34701 663 25 best good JJS 34701 663 26 answers answer VBZ 34701 663 27 the the DT 34701 663 28 greatest great JJS 34701 663 29 number number NN 34701 663 30 of of IN 34701 663 31 requirements requirement NNS 34701 663 32 . . . 34701 664 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 34701 664 2 VI VI NNP 34701 664 3 STEAM STEAM NNP 34701 664 4 ENGINE engine NN 34701 664 5 TESTING test VBG 34701 664 6 The the DT 34701 664 7 principal principal JJ 34701 664 8 information information NN 34701 664 9 sought seek VBN 34701 664 10 in in IN 34701 664 11 the the DT 34701 664 12 usual usual JJ 34701 664 13 test test NN 34701 664 14 of of IN 34701 664 15 a a DT 34701 664 16 steam steam NN 34701 664 17 engine engine NN 34701 664 18 is be VBZ 34701 664 19 : : : 34701 664 20 1 1 LS 34701 664 21 . . . 34701 665 1 The the DT 34701 665 2 indicated indicate VBN 34701 665 3 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 665 4 developed develop VBD 34701 665 5 under under IN 34701 665 6 certain certain JJ 34701 665 7 standard standard JJ 34701 665 8 conditions condition NNS 34701 665 9 . . . 34701 666 1 2 2 LS 34701 666 2 . . . 34701 667 1 The the DT 34701 667 2 friction friction NN 34701 667 3 of of IN 34701 667 4 the the DT 34701 667 5 engine engine NN 34701 667 6 , , , 34701 667 7 from from IN 34701 667 8 which which WDT 34701 667 9 is be VBZ 34701 667 10 determined determine VBN 34701 667 11 the the DT 34701 667 12 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 667 13 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 667 14 . . . 34701 668 1 3 3 LS 34701 668 2 . . . 34701 669 1 The the DT 34701 669 2 steam steam NN 34701 669 3 consumption consumption NN 34701 669 4 per per IN 34701 669 5 indicated indicate VBN 34701 669 6 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 669 7 . . . 34701 670 1 4 4 LS 34701 670 2 . . . 34701 671 1 The the DT 34701 671 2 general general JJ 34701 671 3 action action NN 34701 671 4 of of IN 34701 671 5 the the DT 34701 671 6 valves valve NNS 34701 671 7 . . . 34701 672 1 5 5 CD 34701 672 2 . . . 34701 673 1 The the DT 34701 673 2 pressure pressure NN 34701 673 3 conditions condition NNS 34701 673 4 in in IN 34701 673 5 the the DT 34701 673 6 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 673 7 at at IN 34701 673 8 different different JJ 34701 673 9 periods period NNS 34701 673 10 of of IN 34701 673 11 the the DT 34701 673 12 stroke stroke NN 34701 673 13 . . . 34701 674 1 The the DT 34701 674 2 ultimate ultimate JJ 34701 674 3 object object NN 34701 674 4 of of IN 34701 674 5 an an DT 34701 674 6 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 674 7 test test NN 34701 674 8 is be VBZ 34701 674 9 to to TO 34701 674 10 determine determine VB 34701 674 11 the the DT 34701 674 12 foot foot NN 34701 674 13 - - HYPH 34701 674 14 pounds pound NNS 34701 674 15 of of IN 34701 674 16 work work NN 34701 674 17 delivered deliver VBN 34701 674 18 by by IN 34701 674 19 the the DT 34701 674 20 engine engine NN 34701 674 21 per per IN 34701 674 22 pound pound NN 34701 674 23 of of IN 34701 674 24 coal coal NN 34701 674 25 burned burn VBN 34701 674 26 in in IN 34701 674 27 the the DT 34701 674 28 boiler boiler NN 34701 674 29 furnaces furnace NNS 34701 674 30 . . . 34701 675 1 The the DT 34701 675 2 general general JJ 34701 675 3 method method NN 34701 675 4 of of IN 34701 675 5 finding find VBG 34701 675 6 the the DT 34701 675 7 pounds pound NNS 34701 675 8 of of IN 34701 675 9 dry dry JJ 34701 675 10 steam steam NN 34701 675 11 evaporated evaporate VBN 34701 675 12 per per IN 34701 675 13 pound pound NN 34701 675 14 of of IN 34701 675 15 coal coal NN 34701 675 16 has have VBZ 34701 675 17 been be VBN 34701 675 18 treated treat VBN 34701 675 19 in in IN 34701 675 20 MACHINERY MACHINERY NNP 34701 675 21 'S 's POS 34701 675 22 Reference Reference NNP 34701 675 23 Series Series NNP 34701 675 24 No no UH 34701 675 25 . . . 34701 676 1 67 67 CD 34701 676 2 , , , 34701 676 3 " " `` 34701 676 4 Boilers boiler NNS 34701 676 5 , , , 34701 676 6 " " '' 34701 676 7 under under IN 34701 676 8 the the DT 34701 676 9 head head NN 34701 676 10 of of IN 34701 676 11 " " `` 34701 676 12 Boiler Boiler NNP 34701 676 13 Testing Testing NNP 34701 676 14 . . . 34701 676 15 " " '' 34701 677 1 In in IN 34701 677 2 the the DT 34701 677 3 present present JJ 34701 677 4 case case NN 34701 677 5 it -PRON- PRP 34701 677 6 is be VBZ 34701 677 7 , , , 34701 677 8 therefore therefore RB 34701 677 9 , , , 34701 677 10 only only RB 34701 677 11 necessary necessary JJ 34701 677 12 to to TO 34701 677 13 carry carry VB 34701 677 14 the the DT 34701 677 15 process process NN 34701 677 16 a a DT 34701 677 17 step step NN 34701 677 18 further far RBR 34701 677 19 and and CC 34701 677 20 determine determine VB 34701 677 21 the the DT 34701 677 22 foot foot NN 34701 677 23 - - HYPH 34701 677 24 pounds pound NNS 34701 677 25 of of IN 34701 677 26 work work NN 34701 677 27 developed develop VBN 34701 677 28 per per IN 34701 677 29 pound pound NN 34701 677 30 of of IN 34701 677 31 steam steam NN 34701 677 32 . . . 34701 678 1 The the DT 34701 678 2 apparatus apparatus NN 34701 678 3 used use VBN 34701 678 4 in in IN 34701 678 5 engine engine NN 34701 678 6 testing testing NN 34701 678 7 , , , 34701 678 8 in in IN 34701 678 9 addition addition NN 34701 678 10 to to IN 34701 678 11 that that DT 34701 678 12 used use VBN 34701 678 13 in in IN 34701 678 14 boiler boiler NN 34701 678 15 testing testing NN 34701 678 16 , , , 34701 678 17 consists consist VBZ 34701 678 18 of of IN 34701 678 19 a a DT 34701 678 20 steam steam NN 34701 678 21 engine engine NN 34701 678 22 _ _ NNP 34701 678 23 indicator indicator NN 34701 678 24 _ _ NNP 34701 678 25 and and CC 34701 678 26 reducing reduce VBG 34701 678 27 device device NN 34701 678 28 for for IN 34701 678 29 taking take VBG 34701 678 30 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 678 31 , , , 34701 678 32 and and CC 34701 678 33 a a DT 34701 678 34 _ _ NNP 34701 678 35 planimeter planimeter NN 34701 678 36 _ _ NNP 34701 678 37 for for IN 34701 678 38 measuring measure VBG 34701 678 39 them -PRON- PRP 34701 678 40 afterwards afterwards RB 34701 678 41 . . . 34701 679 1 If if IN 34701 679 2 the the DT 34701 679 3 test test NN 34701 679 4 is be VBZ 34701 679 5 made make VBN 34701 679 6 independently independently RB 34701 679 7 of of IN 34701 679 8 the the DT 34701 679 9 boiler boiler NN 34701 679 10 test test NN 34701 679 11 , , , 34701 679 12 a a DT 34701 679 13 calorimeter calorimeter NN 34701 679 14 for for IN 34701 679 15 measuring measure VBG 34701 679 16 the the DT 34701 679 17 amount amount NN 34701 679 18 of of IN 34701 679 19 moisture moisture NN 34701 679 20 in in IN 34701 679 21 the the DT 34701 679 22 steam steam NN 34701 679 23 should should MD 34701 679 24 be be VB 34701 679 25 added add VBN 34701 679 26 to to IN 34701 679 27 the the DT 34701 679 28 outfit outfit NN 34701 679 29 . . . 34701 680 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 680 2 has have VBZ 34701 680 3 already already RB 34701 680 4 been be VBN 34701 680 5 shown show VBN 34701 680 6 how how WRB 34701 680 7 a a DT 34701 680 8 diagram diagram NN 34701 680 9 may may MD 34701 680 10 be be VB 34701 680 11 made make VBN 34701 680 12 to to TO 34701 680 13 represent represent VB 34701 680 14 graphically graphically RB 34701 680 15 the the DT 34701 680 16 work work NN 34701 680 17 done do VBN 34701 680 18 in in IN 34701 680 19 a a DT 34701 680 20 steam steam NN 34701 680 21 engine engine NN 34701 680 22 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 680 23 during during IN 34701 680 24 one one CD 34701 680 25 stroke stroke NN 34701 680 26 of of IN 34701 680 27 the the DT 34701 680 28 piston piston NN 34701 680 29 . . . 34701 681 1 The the DT 34701 681 2 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 681 3 shown show VBN 34701 681 4 thus thus RB 34701 681 5 far far RB 34701 681 6 have have VBP 34701 681 7 been be VBN 34701 681 8 theoretical theoretical JJ 34701 681 9 or or CC 34701 681 10 ideal ideal JJ 34701 681 11 cards card NNS 34701 681 12 constructed construct VBN 34701 681 13 from from IN 34701 681 14 assumed assumed JJ 34701 681 15 relations relation NNS 34701 681 16 of of IN 34701 681 17 the the DT 34701 681 18 pressure pressure NN 34701 681 19 acting act VBG 34701 681 20 and and CC 34701 681 21 the the DT 34701 681 22 distance distance NN 34701 681 23 moved move VBD 34701 681 24 through through RB 34701 681 25 by by IN 34701 681 26 the the DT 34701 681 27 piston piston NN 34701 681 28 . . . 34701 682 1 An an DT 34701 682 2 indicator indicator NN 34701 682 3 is be VBZ 34701 682 4 a a DT 34701 682 5 device device NN 34701 682 6 for for IN 34701 682 7 making make VBG 34701 682 8 a a DT 34701 682 9 diagram diagram NN 34701 682 10 of of IN 34701 682 11 what what WP 34701 682 12 actually actually RB 34701 682 13 takes take VBZ 34701 682 14 place place NN 34701 682 15 in in IN 34701 682 16 an an DT 34701 682 17 engine engine NN 34701 682 18 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 682 19 under under IN 34701 682 20 working working NN 34701 682 21 conditions condition NNS 34701 682 22 . . . 34701 683 1 Such such PDT 34701 683 2 a a DT 34701 683 3 diagram diagram NN 34701 683 4 shows show VBZ 34701 683 5 the the DT 34701 683 6 points point NNS 34701 683 7 of of IN 34701 683 8 admission admission NN 34701 683 9 , , , 34701 683 10 cut cut VBN 34701 683 11 - - HYPH 34701 683 12 off off RP 34701 683 13 , , , 34701 683 14 and and CC 34701 683 15 release release VB 34701 683 16 , , , 34701 683 17 and and CC 34701 683 18 indicates indicate VBZ 34701 683 19 accurately accurately RB 34701 683 20 the the DT 34701 683 21 pressures pressure NNS 34701 683 22 acting act VBG 34701 683 23 upon upon IN 34701 683 24 both both DT 34701 683 25 sides side NNS 34701 683 26 of of IN 34701 683 27 the the DT 34701 683 28 piston piston NN 34701 683 29 at at IN 34701 683 30 all all DT 34701 683 31 points point NNS 34701 683 32 of of IN 34701 683 33 the the DT 34701 683 34 stroke stroke NN 34701 683 35 . . . 34701 684 1 A a DT 34701 684 2 common common JJ 34701 684 3 form form NN 34701 684 4 of of IN 34701 684 5 steam steam NN 34701 684 6 engine engine NN 34701 684 7 indicator indicator NN 34701 684 8 is be VBZ 34701 684 9 shown show VBN 34701 684 10 in in IN 34701 684 11 Fig Fig NNP 34701 684 12 . . . 34701 685 1 49 49 CD 34701 685 2 . . . 34701 686 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 686 2 consists consist VBZ 34701 686 3 of of IN 34701 686 4 a a DT 34701 686 5 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 686 6 _ _ NNP 34701 686 7 C C NNP 34701 686 8 _ _ NNP 34701 686 9 which which WDT 34701 686 10 is be VBZ 34701 686 11 placed place VBN 34701 686 12 in in IN 34701 686 13 communication communication NN 34701 686 14 at at IN 34701 686 15 _ _ NNP 34701 686 16 E E NNP 34701 686 17 _ _ NNP 34701 686 18 with with IN 34701 686 19 one one CD 34701 686 20 end end NN 34701 686 21 of of IN 34701 686 22 the the DT 34701 686 23 engine engine NN 34701 686 24 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 686 25 by by IN 34701 686 26 a a DT 34701 686 27 proper proper JJ 34701 686 28 pipe pipe NN 34701 686 29 connection connection NN 34701 686 30 , , , 34701 686 31 provided provide VBN 34701 686 32 with with IN 34701 686 33 a a DT 34701 686 34 quick quick JJ 34701 686 35 opening opening NN 34701 686 36 and and CC 34701 686 37 closing closing NN 34701 686 38 cock cock NN 34701 686 39 or or CC 34701 686 40 valve valve NN 34701 686 41 . . . 34701 687 1 The the DT 34701 687 2 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 687 3 _ _ NNP 34701 687 4 C C NNP 34701 687 5 _ _ NNP 34701 687 6 contains contain VBZ 34701 687 7 a a DT 34701 687 8 piston piston NN 34701 687 9 , , , 34701 687 10 above above IN 34701 687 11 which which WDT 34701 687 12 is be VBZ 34701 687 13 placed place VBN 34701 687 14 a a DT 34701 687 15 coil coil NN 34701 687 16 spring spring NN 34701 687 17 of of IN 34701 687 18 such such JJ 34701 687 19 strength strength NN 34701 687 20 that that WDT 34701 687 21 a a DT 34701 687 22 given give VBN 34701 687 23 pressure pressure NN 34701 687 24 per per IN 34701 687 25 square square JJ 34701 687 26 inch inch NN 34701 687 27 acting act VBG 34701 687 28 upon upon IN 34701 687 29 the the DT 34701 687 30 lower low JJR 34701 687 31 side side NN 34701 687 32 of of IN 34701 687 33 the the DT 34701 687 34 piston piston NN 34701 687 35 will will MD 34701 687 36 compress compress VB 34701 687 37 the the DT 34701 687 38 spring spring NN 34701 687 39 a a DT 34701 687 40 definite definite JJ 34701 687 41 and and CC 34701 687 42 known know VBN 34701 687 43 amount amount NN 34701 687 44 . . . 34701 688 1 Extending extend VBG 34701 688 2 through through IN 34701 688 3 the the DT 34701 688 4 cap cap NN 34701 688 5 or or CC 34701 688 6 head head NN 34701 688 7 of of IN 34701 688 8 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 688 9 _ _ NNP 34701 688 10 C C NNP 34701 688 11 _ _ NNP 34701 688 12 is be VBZ 34701 688 13 a a DT 34701 688 14 stem stem NN 34701 688 15 attached attach VBN 34701 688 16 to to IN 34701 688 17 the the DT 34701 688 18 piston piston NN 34701 688 19 below below RB 34701 688 20 , , , 34701 688 21 and and CC 34701 688 22 connected connect VBN 34701 688 23 by by IN 34701 688 24 suitable suitable JJ 34701 688 25 levers lever NNS 34701 688 26 with with IN 34701 688 27 a a DT 34701 688 28 pencil pencil NN 34701 688 29 point point NN 34701 688 30 _ _ NNP 34701 688 31 P P NNP 34701 688 32 _ _ NNP 34701 688 33 . . . 34701 689 1 The the DT 34701 689 2 arrangement arrangement NN 34701 689 3 of of IN 34701 689 4 the the DT 34701 689 5 levers lever NNS 34701 689 6 is be VBZ 34701 689 7 such such JJ 34701 689 8 that that IN 34701 689 9 a a DT 34701 689 10 certain certain JJ 34701 689 11 rise rise NN 34701 689 12 of of IN 34701 689 13 the the DT 34701 689 14 piston piston NN 34701 689 15 causes cause VBZ 34701 689 16 the the DT 34701 689 17 point point NN 34701 689 18 _ _ NNP 34701 689 19 P P NNP 34701 689 20 _ _ NNP 34701 689 21 to to TO 34701 689 22 move move VB 34701 689 23 upward upward RB 34701 689 24 in in IN 34701 689 25 a a DT 34701 689 26 vertical vertical JJ 34701 689 27 line line NN 34701 689 28 a a DT 34701 689 29 proportional proportional JJ 34701 689 30 amount amount NN 34701 689 31 . . . 34701 690 1 The the DT 34701 690 2 springs spring NNS 34701 690 3 used use VBN 34701 690 4 above above IN 34701 690 5 the the DT 34701 690 6 piston piston NN 34701 690 7 vary vary VBP 34701 690 8 in in IN 34701 690 9 strength strength NN 34701 690 10 , , , 34701 690 11 and and CC 34701 690 12 are be VBP 34701 690 13 designated designate VBN 34701 690 14 as as IN 34701 690 15 20-pound 20-pound CD 34701 690 16 , , , 34701 690 17 40-pound 40-pound CD 34701 690 18 , , , 34701 690 19 60-pound 60-pound CD 34701 690 20 , , , 34701 690 21 etc etc FW 34701 690 22 . . . 34701 691 1 A a DT 34701 691 2 20-pound 20-pound CD 34701 691 3 spring spring NN 34701 691 4 is be VBZ 34701 691 5 of of IN 34701 691 6 such such JJ 34701 691 7 strength strength NN 34701 691 8 that that WDT 34701 691 9 a a DT 34701 691 10 pressure pressure NN 34701 691 11 of of IN 34701 691 12 20 20 CD 34701 691 13 pounds pound NNS 34701 691 14 per per IN 34701 691 15 square square JJ 34701 691 16 inch inch NN 34701 691 17 , , , 34701 691 18 acting act VBG 34701 691 19 beneath beneath IN 34701 691 20 the the DT 34701 691 21 piston piston NN 34701 691 22 in in IN 34701 691 23 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 691 24 _ _ NNP 34701 691 25 C C NNP 34701 691 26 _ _ NNP 34701 691 27 , , , 34701 691 28 will will MD 34701 691 29 raise raise VB 34701 691 30 the the DT 34701 691 31 pencil pencil NN 34701 691 32 point point NN 34701 691 33 1 1 CD 34701 691 34 inch inch NN 34701 691 35 . . . 34701 692 1 With with IN 34701 692 2 a a DT 34701 692 3 40-pound 40-pound CD 34701 692 4 spring spring NN 34701 692 5 , , , 34701 692 6 a a DT 34701 692 7 pressure pressure NN 34701 692 8 of of IN 34701 692 9 40 40 CD 34701 692 10 pounds pound NNS 34701 692 11 per per IN 34701 692 12 square square JJ 34701 692 13 inch inch NN 34701 692 14 will will MD 34701 692 15 be be VB 34701 692 16 required require VBN 34701 692 17 to to TO 34701 692 18 raise raise VB 34701 692 19 the the DT 34701 692 20 pencil pencil NN 34701 692 21 1 1 CD 34701 692 22 inch inch NN 34701 692 23 , , , 34701 692 24 and and CC 34701 692 25 so so RB 34701 692 26 on on RB 34701 692 27 for for IN 34701 692 28 the the DT 34701 692 29 other other JJ 34701 692 30 strengths strength NNS 34701 692 31 of of IN 34701 692 32 spring spring NN 34701 692 33 . . . 34701 693 1 The the DT 34701 693 2 hollow hollow JJ 34701 693 3 drum drum NN 34701 693 4 _ _ NNP 34701 693 5 D D NNP 34701 693 6 _ _ NNP 34701 693 7 rotates rotate VBZ 34701 693 8 back back RB 34701 693 9 and and CC 34701 693 10 forth forth RB 34701 693 11 upon upon IN 34701 693 12 a a DT 34701 693 13 vertical vertical JJ 34701 693 14 stem stem NN 34701 693 15 at at IN 34701 693 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 693 17 center center NN 34701 693 18 , , , 34701 693 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 693 20 motion motion NN 34701 693 21 being be VBG 34701 693 22 produced produce VBN 34701 693 23 by by IN 34701 693 24 the the DT 34701 693 25 string string NN 34701 693 26 _ _ NNP 34701 693 27 H H NNP 34701 693 28 _ _ NNP 34701 693 29 , , , 34701 693 30 which which WDT 34701 693 31 is be VBZ 34701 693 32 attached attach VBN 34701 693 33 by by IN 34701 693 34 means mean NNS 34701 693 35 of of IN 34701 693 36 a a DT 34701 693 37 suitable suitable JJ 34701 693 38 reducing reduce VBG 34701 693 39 motion motion NN 34701 693 40 to to IN 34701 693 41 the the DT 34701 693 42 cross cross NN 34701 693 43 - - NN 34701 693 44 head head NN 34701 693 45 of of IN 34701 693 46 the the DT 34701 693 47 engine engine NN 34701 693 48 . . . 34701 694 1 The the DT 34701 694 2 return return NN 34701 694 3 motion motion NN 34701 694 4 to to IN 34701 694 5 the the DT 34701 694 6 drum drum NN 34701 694 7 is be VBZ 34701 694 8 obtained obtain VBN 34701 694 9 from from IN 34701 694 10 a a DT 34701 694 11 coil coil NN 34701 694 12 spring spring NN 34701 694 13 contained contain VBN 34701 694 14 within within IN 34701 694 15 it -PRON- PRP 34701 694 16 and and CC 34701 694 17 not not RB 34701 694 18 shown show VBN 34701 694 19 . . . 34701 695 1 The the DT 34701 695 2 paper paper NN 34701 695 3 upon upon IN 34701 695 4 which which WDT 34701 695 5 the the DT 34701 695 6 diagram diagram NN 34701 695 7 is be VBZ 34701 695 8 to to TO 34701 695 9 be be VB 34701 695 10 drawn draw VBN 34701 695 11 is be VBZ 34701 695 12 wound wind VBN 34701 695 13 around around IN 34701 695 14 the the DT 34701 695 15 drum drum NN 34701 695 16 _ _ NNP 34701 695 17 D D NNP 34701 695 18 _ _ NNP 34701 695 19 , , , 34701 695 20 and and CC 34701 695 21 held hold VBN 34701 695 22 in in IN 34701 695 23 place place NN 34701 695 24 by by IN 34701 695 25 the the DT 34701 695 26 spring spring NN 34701 695 27 clip clip NN 34701 695 28 _ _ NNP 34701 695 29 F F NNP 34701 695 30 _ _ NNP 34701 695 31 . . . 34701 696 1 In in IN 34701 696 2 taking take VBG 34701 696 3 an an DT 34701 696 4 indicator indicator NN 34701 696 5 card card NN 34701 696 6 , , , 34701 696 7 the the DT 34701 696 8 length length NN 34701 696 9 of of IN 34701 696 10 stroke stroke NN 34701 696 11 must must MD 34701 696 12 be be VB 34701 696 13 reduced reduce VBN 34701 696 14 to to TO 34701 696 15 come come VB 34701 696 16 within within IN 34701 696 17 the the DT 34701 696 18 limits limit NNS 34701 696 19 of of IN 34701 696 20 the the DT 34701 696 21 drum drum NN 34701 696 22 , , , 34701 696 23 that that RB 34701 696 24 is is RB 34701 696 25 , , , 34701 696 26 it -PRON- PRP 34701 696 27 must must MD 34701 696 28 be be VB 34701 696 29 somewhat somewhat RB 34701 696 30 less less JJR 34701 696 31 than than IN 34701 696 32 the the DT 34701 696 33 circumference circumference NN 34701 696 34 of of IN 34701 696 35 drum drum NNP 34701 696 36 _ _ NNP 34701 696 37 D D NNP 34701 696 38 _ _ NNP 34701 696 39 . . . 34701 697 1 In in IN 34701 697 2 practice practice NN 34701 697 3 , , , 34701 697 4 the the DT 34701 697 5 diagram diagram NN 34701 697 6 is be VBZ 34701 697 7 commonly commonly RB 34701 697 8 made make VBN 34701 697 9 from from IN 34701 697 10 3 3 CD 34701 697 11 to to IN 34701 697 12 4 4 CD 34701 697 13 inches inch NNS 34701 697 14 in in IN 34701 697 15 length length NN 34701 697 16 . . . 34701 698 1 There there EX 34701 698 2 are be VBP 34701 698 3 a a DT 34701 698 4 number number NN 34701 698 5 of of IN 34701 698 6 devices device NNS 34701 698 7 in in IN 34701 698 8 use use NN 34701 698 9 for for IN 34701 698 10 reproducing reproduce VBG 34701 698 11 the the DT 34701 698 12 stroke stroke NN 34701 698 13 of of IN 34701 698 14 the the DT 34701 698 15 engine engine NN 34701 698 16 on on IN 34701 698 17 a a DT 34701 698 18 smaller small JJR 34701 698 19 scale scale NN 34701 698 20 . . . 34701 699 1 The the DT 34701 699 2 most most RBS 34701 699 3 accurate accurate JJ 34701 699 4 consists consist VBZ 34701 699 5 of of IN 34701 699 6 a a DT 34701 699 7 series series NN 34701 699 8 of of IN 34701 699 9 pulleys pulley NNS 34701 699 10 over over IN 34701 699 11 which which WDT 34701 699 12 the the DT 34701 699 13 cord cord NN 34701 699 14 passes pass VBZ 34701 699 15 on on IN 34701 699 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 699 17 way way NN 34701 699 18 from from IN 34701 699 19 the the DT 34701 699 20 cross cross NN 34701 699 21 - - NN 34701 699 22 head head NN 34701 699 23 to to IN 34701 699 24 the the DT 34701 699 25 indicator indicator NN 34701 699 26 drum drum NN 34701 699 27 . . . 34701 700 1 The the DT 34701 700 2 indicator indicator NN 34701 700 3 is be VBZ 34701 700 4 connected connect VBN 34701 700 5 with with IN 34701 700 6 the the DT 34701 700 7 engine engine NN 34701 700 8 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 700 9 by by IN 34701 700 10 means mean NNS 34701 700 11 of of IN 34701 700 12 special special JJ 34701 700 13 openings opening NNS 34701 700 14 tapped tap VBN 34701 700 15 close close RB 34701 700 16 to to IN 34701 700 17 the the DT 34701 700 18 heads head NNS 34701 700 19 and and CC 34701 700 20 either either CC 34701 700 21 plugged plug VBN 34701 700 22 or or CC 34701 700 23 closed close VBN 34701 700 24 by by IN 34701 700 25 means mean NNS 34701 700 26 of of IN 34701 700 27 stop stop NN 34701 700 28 - - HYPH 34701 700 29 cocks cock NNS 34701 700 30 when when WRB 34701 700 31 not not RB 34701 700 32 in in IN 34701 700 33 use use NN 34701 700 34 . . . 34701 701 1 In in IN 34701 701 2 some some DT 34701 701 3 cases case NNS 34701 701 4 two two CD 34701 701 5 indicators indicator NNS 34701 701 6 are be VBP 34701 701 7 used use VBN 34701 701 8 , , , 34701 701 9 one one CD 34701 701 10 being be VBG 34701 701 11 connected connect VBN 34701 701 12 to to IN 34701 701 13 each each DT 34701 701 14 end end NN 34701 701 15 of of IN 34701 701 16 the the DT 34701 701 17 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 701 18 , , , 34701 701 19 while while IN 34701 701 20 in in IN 34701 701 21 others other NNS 34701 701 22 a a DT 34701 701 23 single single JJ 34701 701 24 indicator indicator NN 34701 701 25 is be VBZ 34701 701 26 made make VBN 34701 701 27 to to TO 34701 701 28 answer answer VB 34701 701 29 the the DT 34701 701 30 purpose purpose NN 34701 701 31 by by IN 34701 701 32 being be VBG 34701 701 33 so so RB 34701 701 34 piped pipe VBN 34701 701 35 that that IN 34701 701 36 it -PRON- PRP 34701 701 37 can can MD 34701 701 38 be be VB 34701 701 39 connected connect VBN 34701 701 40 with with IN 34701 701 41 either either DT 34701 701 42 end end NN 34701 701 43 by by IN 34701 701 44 means mean NNS 34701 701 45 of of IN 34701 701 46 a a DT 34701 701 47 three three CD 34701 701 48 - - HYPH 34701 701 49 way way NN 34701 701 50 cock cock NN 34701 701 51 . . . 34701 702 1 After after IN 34701 702 2 the the DT 34701 702 3 indicator indicator NN 34701 702 4 is be VBZ 34701 702 5 connected connect VBN 34701 702 6 and and CC 34701 702 7 the the DT 34701 702 8 cord cord NN 34701 702 9 adjusted adjust VBN 34701 702 10 to to TO 34701 702 11 give give VB 34701 702 12 the the DT 34701 702 13 proper proper JJ 34701 702 14 motion motion NN 34701 702 15 to to IN 34701 702 16 the the DT 34701 702 17 drum drum NN 34701 702 18 , , , 34701 702 19 a a DT 34701 702 20 card card NN 34701 702 21 is be VBZ 34701 702 22 attached attach VBN 34701 702 23 , , , 34701 702 24 after after IN 34701 702 25 which which WDT 34701 702 26 the the DT 34701 702 27 three three CD 34701 702 28 - - HYPH 34701 702 29 way way NN 34701 702 30 cock cock NN 34701 702 31 is be VBZ 34701 702 32 opened open VBN 34701 702 33 and and CC 34701 702 34 steam steam NN 34701 702 35 allowed allow VBN 34701 702 36 to to TO 34701 702 37 blow blow VB 34701 702 38 through through IN 34701 702 39 the the DT 34701 702 40 indicator indicator NN 34701 702 41 to to TO 34701 702 42 warm warm VB 34701 702 43 it -PRON- PRP 34701 702 44 up up RP 34701 702 45 . . . 34701 703 1 The the DT 34701 703 2 cock cock NN 34701 703 3 is be VBZ 34701 703 4 now now RB 34701 703 5 closed close VBN 34701 703 6 and and CC 34701 703 7 the the DT 34701 703 8 pencil pencil NN 34701 703 9 pressed press VBD 34701 703 10 against against IN 34701 703 11 the the DT 34701 703 12 drum drum NN 34701 703 13 to to TO 34701 703 14 get get VB 34701 703 15 the the DT 34701 703 16 so so RB 34701 703 17 - - HYPH 34701 703 18 called call VBN 34701 703 19 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34701 703 20 line line NN 34701 703 21 . . . 34701 704 1 The the DT 34701 704 2 cock cock NN 34701 704 3 is be VBZ 34701 704 4 again again RB 34701 704 5 opened open VBN 34701 704 6 , , , 34701 704 7 and and CC 34701 704 8 the the DT 34701 704 9 pencil pencil NN 34701 704 10 pressed press VBD 34701 704 11 lightly lightly RB 34701 704 12 against against IN 34701 704 13 the the DT 34701 704 14 drum drum NN 34701 704 15 during during IN 34701 704 16 one one CD 34701 704 17 complete complete JJ 34701 704 18 revolution revolution NN 34701 704 19 of of IN 34701 704 20 the the DT 34701 704 21 engine engine NN 34701 704 22 . . . 34701 705 1 The the DT 34701 705 2 cock cock NN 34701 705 3 is be VBZ 34701 705 4 then then RB 34701 705 5 thrown throw VBN 34701 705 6 over over RP 34701 705 7 to to TO 34701 705 8 connect connect VB 34701 705 9 the the DT 34701 705 10 indicator indicator NN 34701 705 11 with with IN 34701 705 12 the the DT 34701 705 13 other other JJ 34701 705 14 end end NN 34701 705 15 of of IN 34701 705 16 the the DT 34701 705 17 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 705 18 and and CC 34701 705 19 the the DT 34701 705 20 operation operation NN 34701 705 21 is be VBZ 34701 705 22 repeated repeat VBN 34701 705 23 . . . 34701 706 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 706 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 706 3 : : : 34701 706 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 706 5 . . . 34701 707 1 49 49 CD 34701 707 2 . . . 34701 708 1 Steam Steam NNP 34701 708 2 Engine Engine NNP 34701 708 3 Indicator Indicator NNP 34701 708 4 ] ] -RRB- 34701 708 5 The the DT 34701 708 6 indicator indicator NN 34701 708 7 card card NN 34701 708 8 obtained obtain VBN 34701 708 9 in in IN 34701 708 10 this this DT 34701 708 11 way way NN 34701 708 12 is be VBZ 34701 708 13 shown show VBN 34701 708 14 in in IN 34701 708 15 Fig Fig NNP 34701 708 16 . . . 34701 709 1 50 50 CD 34701 709 2 . . . 34701 710 1 It -PRON- PRP 34701 710 2 is be VBZ 34701 710 3 sometimes sometimes RB 34701 710 4 preferred prefer VBN 34701 710 5 to to TO 34701 710 6 take take VB 34701 710 7 the the DT 34701 710 8 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 710 9 of of IN 34701 710 10 the the DT 34701 710 11 two two CD 34701 710 12 ends end NNS 34701 710 13 on on IN 34701 710 14 separate separate JJ 34701 710 15 cards card NNS 34701 710 16 , , , 34701 710 17 but but CC 34701 710 18 it -PRON- PRP 34701 710 19 is be VBZ 34701 710 20 simpler simple JJR 34701 710 21 to to TO 34701 710 22 take take VB 34701 710 23 them -PRON- PRP 34701 710 24 both both DT 34701 710 25 on on IN 34701 710 26 the the DT 34701 710 27 same same JJ 34701 710 28 one one NN 34701 710 29 , , , 34701 710 30 and and CC 34701 710 31 also also RB 34701 710 32 easier easy JJR 34701 710 33 to to TO 34701 710 34 compare compare VB 34701 710 35 the the DT 34701 710 36 working working NN 34701 710 37 of of IN 34701 710 38 the the DT 34701 710 39 two two CD 34701 710 40 ends end NNS 34701 710 41 of of IN 34701 710 42 the the DT 34701 710 43 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 710 44 . . . 34701 711 1 The the DT 34701 711 2 analysis analysis NN 34701 711 3 of of IN 34701 711 4 a a DT 34701 711 5 card card NN 34701 711 6 for for IN 34701 711 7 practical practical JJ 34701 711 8 purposes purpose NNS 34701 711 9 is be VBZ 34701 711 10 shown show VBN 34701 711 11 in in IN 34701 711 12 Fig Fig NNP 34701 711 13 . . . 34701 712 1 51 51 CD 34701 712 2 . . . 34701 713 1 Suppose suppose VB 34701 713 2 , , , 34701 713 3 for for IN 34701 713 4 example example NN 34701 713 5 , , , 34701 713 6 that that IN 34701 713 7 the the DT 34701 713 8 length length NN 34701 713 9 of of IN 34701 713 10 the the DT 34701 713 11 diagram diagram NN 34701 713 12 measures measure VBZ 34701 713 13 3.6 3.6 CD 34701 713 14 inches inch NNS 34701 713 15 ; ; : 34701 713 16 the the DT 34701 713 17 distance distance NN 34701 713 18 to to IN 34701 713 19 the the DT 34701 713 20 point point NN 34701 713 21 of of IN 34701 713 22 cut cut NN 34701 713 23 - - HYPH 34701 713 24 off off NN 34701 713 25 is be VBZ 34701 713 26 1.2 1.2 CD 34701 713 27 inch inch NN 34701 713 28 ; ; : 34701 713 29 and and CC 34701 713 30 the the DT 34701 713 31 distance distance NN 34701 713 32 to to IN 34701 713 33 the the DT 34701 713 34 point point NN 34701 713 35 of of IN 34701 713 36 release release NN 34701 713 37 is be VBZ 34701 713 38 3.3 3.3 CD 34701 713 39 inches inch NNS 34701 713 40 . . . 34701 714 1 Then then RB 34701 714 2 , , , 34701 714 3 by by IN 34701 714 4 dividing divide VBG 34701 714 5 1.2 1.2 CD 34701 714 6 by by IN 34701 714 7 3.6 3.6 CD 34701 714 8 , , , 34701 714 9 the the DT 34701 714 10 cut cut NN 34701 714 11 - - HYPH 34701 714 12 off off NN 34701 714 13 is be VBZ 34701 714 14 found find VBN 34701 714 15 to to TO 34701 714 16 occur occur VB 34701 714 17 at at IN 34701 714 18 1.2 1.2 CD 34701 714 19 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 714 20 3.6 3.6 CD 34701 714 21 = = SYM 34701 714 22 1/3 1/3 CD 34701 714 23 of of IN 34701 714 24 the the DT 34701 714 25 stroke stroke NN 34701 714 26 . . . 34701 715 1 Release Release NNP 34701 715 2 occurs occur VBZ 34701 715 3 at at IN 34701 715 4 3.3 3.3 CD 34701 715 5 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 715 6 3.6 3.6 CD 34701 715 7 = = SYM 34701 715 8 0.92 0.92 CD 34701 715 9 of of IN 34701 715 10 the the DT 34701 715 11 stroke stroke NN 34701 715 12 . . . 34701 716 1 Compression compression NN 34701 716 2 begins begin VBZ 34701 716 3 at at IN 34701 716 4 ( ( -LRB- 34701 716 5 3.6 3.6 CD 34701 716 6 - - SYM 34701 716 7 0.5 0.5 CD 34701 716 8 ) ) -RRB- 34701 716 9 ÷ ÷ NNP 34701 716 10 3.6 3.6 CD 34701 716 11 = = SYM 34701 716 12 0.86 0.86 CD 34701 716 13 of of IN 34701 716 14 the the DT 34701 716 15 stroke stroke NN 34701 716 16 . . . 34701 717 1 The the DT 34701 717 2 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 717 3 shown show VBN 34701 717 4 in in IN 34701 717 5 Figs Figs NNP 34701 717 6 . . . 34701 718 1 50 50 CD 34701 718 2 and and CC 34701 718 3 51 51 CD 34701 718 4 are be VBP 34701 718 5 from from IN 34701 718 6 non non JJ 34701 718 7 - - JJ 34701 718 8 condensing condensing JJ 34701 718 9 engines engine NNS 34701 718 10 , , , 34701 718 11 and and CC 34701 718 12 the the DT 34701 718 13 back back JJ 34701 718 14 - - HYPH 34701 718 15 pressure pressure NN 34701 718 16 line line NN 34701 718 17 is be VBZ 34701 718 18 therefore therefore RB 34701 718 19 above above IN 34701 718 20 the the DT 34701 718 21 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34701 718 22 line line NN 34701 718 23 , , , 34701 718 24 as as IN 34701 718 25 indicated indicate VBN 34701 718 26 . . . 34701 719 1 The the DT 34701 719 2 indicator indicator NN 34701 719 3 diagram diagram NN 34701 719 4 gives give VBZ 34701 719 5 a a DT 34701 719 6 means means NN 34701 719 7 of of IN 34701 719 8 determining determine VBG 34701 719 9 the the DT 34701 719 10 mean mean NN 34701 719 11 effective effective JJ 34701 719 12 pressure pressure NN 34701 719 13 , , , 34701 719 14 from from IN 34701 719 15 which which WDT 34701 719 16 the the DT 34701 719 17 power power NN 34701 719 18 of of IN 34701 719 19 the the DT 34701 719 20 engine engine NN 34701 719 21 can can MD 34701 719 22 be be VB 34701 719 23 found find VBN 34701 719 24 from from IN 34701 719 25 the the DT 34701 719 26 previously previously RB 34701 719 27 given give VBN 34701 719 28 equation equation NN 34701 719 29 _ _ NNP 34701 719 30 APLN APLN NNP 34701 719 31 _ _ NNP 34701 719 32 I. I. NNP 34701 719 33 H. H. NNP 34701 719 34 P. P. NNP 34701 719 35 = = SYM 34701 719 36 ------ ------ : 34701 719 37 . . . 34701 720 1 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 720 2 The the DT 34701 720 3 method method NN 34701 720 4 of of IN 34701 720 5 determining determine VBG 34701 720 6 the the DT 34701 720 7 mean mean NN 34701 720 8 effective effective JJ 34701 720 9 pressure pressure NN 34701 720 10 is be VBZ 34701 720 11 as as IN 34701 720 12 follows follow VBZ 34701 720 13 : : : 34701 720 14 First first RB 34701 720 15 measure measure VB 34701 720 16 the the DT 34701 720 17 area area NN 34701 720 18 of of IN 34701 720 19 the the DT 34701 720 20 card card NN 34701 720 21 in in IN 34701 720 22 square square JJ 34701 720 23 inches inch NNS 34701 720 24 , , , 34701 720 25 by by IN 34701 720 26 means mean NNS 34701 720 27 of of IN 34701 720 28 a a DT 34701 720 29 planimeter planimeter NN 34701 720 30 ( ( -LRB- 34701 720 31 an an DT 34701 720 32 instrument instrument NN 34701 720 33 described describe VBN 34701 720 34 later later RB 34701 720 35 ) ) -RRB- 34701 720 36 , , , 34701 720 37 and and CC 34701 720 38 divide divide VB 34701 720 39 this this DT 34701 720 40 area area NN 34701 720 41 by by IN 34701 720 42 the the DT 34701 720 43 length length NN 34701 720 44 in in IN 34701 720 45 inches inch NNS 34701 720 46 . . . 34701 721 1 This this DT 34701 721 2 gives give VBZ 34701 721 3 the the DT 34701 721 4 mean mean JJ 34701 721 5 ordinate ordinate NN 34701 721 6 ; ; : 34701 721 7 the the DT 34701 721 8 mean mean JJ 34701 721 9 ordinate ordinate NN 34701 721 10 , , , 34701 721 11 in in IN 34701 721 12 turn turn NN 34701 721 13 , , , 34701 721 14 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 721 15 by by IN 34701 721 16 the the DT 34701 721 17 strength strength NN 34701 721 18 of of IN 34701 721 19 spring spring NN 34701 721 20 used use VBN 34701 721 21 , , , 34701 721 22 will will MD 34701 721 23 give give VB 34701 721 24 the the DT 34701 721 25 mean mean NN 34701 721 26 effective effective JJ 34701 721 27 pressure pressure NN 34701 721 28 in in IN 34701 721 29 pounds pound NNS 34701 721 30 per per IN 34701 721 31 square square JJ 34701 721 32 inch inch NN 34701 721 33 . . . 34701 722 1 For for IN 34701 722 2 example example NN 34701 722 3 , , , 34701 722 4 suppose suppose VBP 34701 722 5 that that IN 34701 722 6 the the DT 34701 722 7 card card NN 34701 722 8 shown show VBN 34701 722 9 in in IN 34701 722 10 Fig Fig NNP 34701 722 11 . . . 34701 723 1 51 51 CD 34701 723 2 is be VBZ 34701 723 3 taken take VBN 34701 723 4 with with IN 34701 723 5 a a DT 34701 723 6 60-pound 60-pound CD 34701 723 7 spring spring NN 34701 723 8 , , , 34701 723 9 and and CC 34701 723 10 that that IN 34701 723 11 the the DT 34701 723 12 area area NN 34701 723 13 , , , 34701 723 14 as as IN 34701 723 15 measured measure VBN 34701 723 16 by by IN 34701 723 17 a a DT 34701 723 18 planimeter planimeter NN 34701 723 19 , , , 34701 723 20 is be VBZ 34701 723 21 found find VBN 34701 723 22 to to TO 34701 723 23 be be VB 34701 723 24 2.6 2.6 CD 34701 723 25 square square JJ 34701 723 26 inches inch NNS 34701 723 27 . . . 34701 724 1 Dividing divide VBG 34701 724 2 the the DT 34701 724 3 area area NN 34701 724 4 by by IN 34701 724 5 the the DT 34701 724 6 length length NN 34701 724 7 gives give VBZ 34701 724 8 2.6 2.6 CD 34701 724 9 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 724 10 3.6 3.6 CD 34701 724 11 = = SYM 34701 724 12 0.722 0.722 CD 34701 724 13 inch inch NN 34701 724 14 as as IN 34701 724 15 the the DT 34701 724 16 mean mean JJ 34701 724 17 ordinate ordinate NN 34701 724 18 , , , 34701 724 19 and and CC 34701 724 20 this this DT 34701 724 21 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 724 22 by by IN 34701 724 23 the the DT 34701 724 24 strength strength NN 34701 724 25 of of IN 34701 724 26 spring spring NN 34701 724 27 gives give VBZ 34701 724 28 a a DT 34701 724 29 mean mean JJ 34701 724 30 effective effective JJ 34701 724 31 pressure pressure NN 34701 724 32 of of IN 34701 724 33 0.722 0.722 CD 34701 724 34 × × CD 34701 724 35 60 60 CD 34701 724 36 = = SYM 34701 724 37 43.3 43.3 CD 34701 724 38 pounds pound NNS 34701 724 39 per per IN 34701 724 40 square square JJ 34701 724 41 inch inch NN 34701 724 42 . . . 34701 725 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 725 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 725 3 : : : 34701 725 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 725 5 . . . 34701 726 1 50 50 CD 34701 726 2 . . . 34701 727 1 A a DT 34701 727 2 Typical Typical NNP 34701 727 3 Indicator Indicator NNP 34701 727 4 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 727 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 727 6 In in IN 34701 727 7 practice practice NN 34701 727 8 , , , 34701 727 9 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 727 10 taken take VBN 34701 727 11 from from IN 34701 727 12 the the DT 34701 727 13 two two CD 34701 727 14 ends end NNS 34701 727 15 of of IN 34701 727 16 the the DT 34701 727 17 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 727 18 usually usually RB 34701 727 19 vary vary VBP 34701 727 20 more more RBR 34701 727 21 or or CC 34701 727 22 less less RBR 34701 727 23 , , , 34701 727 24 due due IN 34701 727 25 to to IN 34701 727 26 inequalities inequality NNS 34701 727 27 in in IN 34701 727 28 the the DT 34701 727 29 valve valve NN 34701 727 30 action action NN 34701 727 31 . . . 34701 728 1 Again again RB 34701 728 2 , , , 34701 728 3 the the DT 34701 728 4 effective effective JJ 34701 728 5 area area NN 34701 728 6 of of IN 34701 728 7 the the DT 34701 728 8 piston piston NN 34701 728 9 on on IN 34701 728 10 the the DT 34701 728 11 crank crank NN 34701 728 12 end end NN 34701 728 13 is be VBZ 34701 728 14 less less JJR 34701 728 15 than than IN 34701 728 16 that that DT 34701 728 17 on on IN 34701 728 18 the the DT 34701 728 19 head head NN 34701 728 20 end end NN 34701 728 21 , , , 34701 728 22 by by IN 34701 728 23 an an DT 34701 728 24 amount amount NN 34701 728 25 equal equal JJ 34701 728 26 to to IN 34701 728 27 the the DT 34701 728 28 area area NN 34701 728 29 of of IN 34701 728 30 the the DT 34701 728 31 piston piston NN 34701 728 32 rod rod NN 34701 728 33 . . . 34701 729 1 For for IN 34701 729 2 these these DT 34701 729 3 reasons reason NNS 34701 729 4 it -PRON- PRP 34701 729 5 is be VBZ 34701 729 6 customary customary JJ 34701 729 7 to to TO 34701 729 8 compute compute VB 34701 729 9 the the DT 34701 729 10 mean mean NN 34701 729 11 effective effective JJ 34701 729 12 pressure pressure NN 34701 729 13 of of IN 34701 729 14 all all PDT 34701 729 15 the the DT 34701 729 16 cards card NNS 34701 729 17 separately separately RB 34701 729 18 , , , 34701 729 19 and and CC 34701 729 20 take take VB 34701 729 21 , , , 34701 729 22 for for IN 34701 729 23 use use NN 34701 729 24 in in IN 34701 729 25 the the DT 34701 729 26 formula formula NN 34701 729 27 , , , 34701 729 28 the the DT 34701 729 29 average average NN 34701 729 30 of of IN 34701 729 31 the the DT 34701 729 32 various various JJ 34701 729 33 computations computation NNS 34701 729 34 . . . 34701 730 1 The the DT 34701 730 2 corrected correct VBN 34701 730 3 value value NN 34701 730 4 of of IN 34701 730 5 the the DT 34701 730 6 piston piston NN 34701 730 7 area area NN 34701 730 8 is be VBZ 34701 730 9 , , , 34701 730 10 as as IN 34701 730 11 already already RB 34701 730 12 stated state VBN 34701 730 13 , , , 34701 730 14 equal equal JJ 34701 730 15 to to IN 34701 730 16 ( ( -LRB- 34701 730 17 2_A 2_a CD 34701 730 18 _ _ NNP 34701 730 19 - - HYPH 34701 730 20 _ _ NNP 34701 730 21 a_)/2 a_)/2 NN 34701 730 22 , , , 34701 730 23 in in IN 34701 730 24 which which WDT 34701 730 25 _ _ NNP 34701 730 26 A A NNP 34701 730 27 _ _ NNP 34701 730 28 is be VBZ 34701 730 29 the the DT 34701 730 30 area area NN 34701 730 31 of of IN 34701 730 32 the the DT 34701 730 33 piston piston NN 34701 730 34 , , , 34701 730 35 and and CC 34701 730 36 _ _ NNP 34701 730 37 a a DT 34701 730 38 _ _ NNP 34701 730 39 the the DT 34701 730 40 area area NN 34701 730 41 of of IN 34701 730 42 the the DT 34701 730 43 piston piston NN 34701 730 44 rod rod NN 34701 730 45 . . . 34701 731 1 Substituting substitute VBG 34701 731 2 these these DT 34701 731 3 values value NNS 34701 731 4 for for IN 34701 731 5 _ _ NNP 34701 731 6 A A NNP 34701 731 7 _ _ NNP 34701 731 8 and and CC 34701 731 9 _ _ NNP 34701 731 10 P P NNP 34701 731 11 _ _ NNP 34701 731 12 in in IN 34701 731 13 the the DT 34701 731 14 formula formula NN 34701 731 15 , , , 34701 731 16 together together RB 34701 731 17 with with IN 34701 731 18 the the DT 34701 731 19 length length NN 34701 731 20 of of IN 34701 731 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 731 22 and and CC 34701 731 23 average average JJ 34701 731 24 number number NN 34701 731 25 of of IN 34701 731 26 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 731 27 per per IN 34701 731 28 minute minute NN 34701 731 29 , , , 34701 731 30 the the DT 34701 731 31 indicated indicate VBN 34701 731 32 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 731 33 is be VBZ 34701 731 34 easily easily RB 34701 731 35 computed compute VBN 34701 731 36 . . . 34701 732 1 In in IN 34701 732 2 making make VBG 34701 732 3 an an DT 34701 732 4 ordinary ordinary JJ 34701 732 5 test test NN 34701 732 6 , , , 34701 732 7 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 732 8 are be VBP 34701 732 9 taken take VBN 34701 732 10 from from IN 34701 732 11 both both DT 34701 732 12 ends end NNS 34701 732 13 of of IN 34701 732 14 the the DT 34701 732 15 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 732 16 at at IN 34701 732 17 10-minute 10-minute CD 34701 732 18 intervals interval NNS 34701 732 19 for for IN 34701 732 20 several several JJ 34701 732 21 hours hour NNS 34701 732 22 , , , 34701 732 23 depending depend VBG 34701 732 24 upon upon IN 34701 732 25 the the DT 34701 732 26 accuracy accuracy NN 34701 732 27 required require VBN 34701 732 28 . . . 34701 733 1 The the DT 34701 733 2 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 733 3 of of IN 34701 733 4 the the DT 34701 733 5 engine engine NN 34701 733 6 are be VBP 34701 733 7 counted count VBN 34701 733 8 for for IN 34701 733 9 two two CD 34701 733 10 or or CC 34701 733 11 three three CD 34701 733 12 - - HYPH 34701 733 13 minute minute NN 34701 733 14 periods period NNS 34701 733 15 each each DT 34701 733 16 time time NN 34701 733 17 a a DT 34701 733 18 pair pair NN 34701 733 19 of of IN 34701 733 20 cards card NNS 34701 733 21 are be VBP 34701 733 22 taken take VBN 34701 733 23 , , , 34701 733 24 or or CC 34701 733 25 still still RB 34701 733 26 better well RBR 34701 733 27 , , , 34701 733 28 an an DT 34701 733 29 automatic automatic JJ 34701 733 30 counter counter NN 34701 733 31 is be VBZ 34701 733 32 used use VBN 34701 733 33 for for IN 34701 733 34 the the DT 34701 733 35 run run NN 34701 733 36 , , , 34701 733 37 from from IN 34701 733 38 which which WDT 34701 733 39 the the DT 34701 733 40 average average JJ 34701 733 41 number number NN 34701 733 42 of of IN 34701 733 43 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 733 44 per per IN 34701 733 45 minute minute NN 34701 733 46 may may MD 34701 733 47 be be VB 34701 733 48 determined determine VBN 34701 733 49 . . . 34701 734 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 734 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 734 3 : : : 34701 734 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 734 5 . . . 34701 735 1 51 51 CD 34701 735 2 . . . 34701 736 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 736 2 for for IN 34701 736 3 Illustrating Illustrating NNP 34701 736 4 Method Method NNP 34701 736 5 of of IN 34701 736 6 Computation Computation NNP 34701 736 7 ] ] -RRB- 34701 736 8 The the DT 34701 736 9 friction friction NN 34701 736 10 of of IN 34701 736 11 the the DT 34701 736 12 engine engine NN 34701 736 13 is be VBZ 34701 736 14 determined determine VBN 34701 736 15 by by IN 34701 736 16 taking take VBG 34701 736 17 a a DT 34701 736 18 pair pair NN 34701 736 19 of of IN 34701 736 20 cards card NNS 34701 736 21 while while IN 34701 736 22 " " `` 34701 736 23 running run VBG 34701 736 24 light light NN 34701 736 25 , , , 34701 736 26 " " '' 34701 736 27 that that RB 34701 736 28 is is RB 34701 736 29 , , , 34701 736 30 with with IN 34701 736 31 the the DT 34701 736 32 belt belt NN 34701 736 33 thrown throw VBN 34701 736 34 off off RP 34701 736 35 , , , 34701 736 36 or or CC 34701 736 37 the the DT 34701 736 38 engine engine NN 34701 736 39 uncoupled uncouple VBN 34701 736 40 , , , 34701 736 41 from from IN 34701 736 42 the the DT 34701 736 43 dynamo dynamo NN 34701 736 44 , , , 34701 736 45 if if IN 34701 736 46 part part NN 34701 736 47 of of IN 34701 736 48 a a DT 34701 736 49 direct direct JJ 34701 736 50 - - HYPH 34701 736 51 connected connected JJ 34701 736 52 outfit outfit NN 34701 736 53 . . . 34701 737 1 The the DT 34701 737 2 friction friction NN 34701 737 3 load load NN 34701 737 4 is be VBZ 34701 737 5 then then RB 34701 737 6 computed compute VBN 34701 737 7 in in IN 34701 737 8 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 737 9 from from IN 34701 737 10 the the DT 34701 737 11 indicator indicator NN 34701 737 12 cards card NNS 34701 737 13 , , , 34701 737 14 and and CC 34701 737 15 subtracted subtract VBD 34701 737 16 from from IN 34701 737 17 the the DT 34701 737 18 indicated indicate VBN 34701 737 19 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 737 20 when when WRB 34701 737 21 loaded load VBN 34701 737 22 . . . 34701 738 1 Thus thus RB 34701 738 2 we -PRON- PRP 34701 738 3 obtain obtain VBP 34701 738 4 the the DT 34701 738 5 delivered deliver VBN 34701 738 6 or or CC 34701 738 7 brake brake NN 34701 738 8 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 738 9 . . . 34701 739 1 The the DT 34701 739 2 delivered deliver VBN 34701 739 3 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 739 4 divided divide VBN 34701 739 5 by by IN 34701 739 6 the the DT 34701 739 7 indicated indicate VBN 34701 739 8 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 739 9 gives give VBZ 34701 739 10 the the DT 34701 739 11 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 739 12 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 739 13 . . . 34701 740 1 This this DT 34701 740 2 may may MD 34701 740 3 be be VB 34701 740 4 expressed express VBN 34701 740 5 in in IN 34701 740 6 the the DT 34701 740 7 form form NN 34701 740 8 of of IN 34701 740 9 an an DT 34701 740 10 equation equation NN 34701 740 11 as as IN 34701 740 12 follows follow VBZ 34701 740 13 : : : 34701 740 14 I. I. NNP 34701 740 15 H. H. NNP 34701 740 16 P. P. NNP 34701 740 17 - - HYPH 34701 740 18 friction friction NN 34701 740 19 loss loss NN 34701 740 20 ------------------------ ------------------------ NFP 34701 740 21 = = SYM 34701 740 22 mechanical mechanical JJ 34701 740 23 efficiency efficiency NN 34701 740 24 . . . 34701 741 1 I. I. NNP 34701 741 2 H. H. NNP 34701 741 3 P. P. NNP 34701 741 4 Planimeter Planimeter NNP 34701 741 5 The the DT 34701 741 6 planimeter planimeter NN 34701 741 7 is be VBZ 34701 741 8 an an DT 34701 741 9 instrument instrument NN 34701 741 10 for for IN 34701 741 11 measuring measure VBG 34701 741 12 areas area NNS 34701 741 13 in in IN 34701 741 14 general general JJ 34701 741 15 , , , 34701 741 16 and and CC 34701 741 17 especially especially RB 34701 741 18 for for IN 34701 741 19 measuring measure VBG 34701 741 20 the the DT 34701 741 21 areas area NNS 34701 741 22 of of IN 34701 741 23 indicator indicator NN 34701 741 24 cards card NNS 34701 741 25 . . . 34701 742 1 Some some DT 34701 742 2 forms form NNS 34701 742 3 give give VBP 34701 742 4 the the DT 34701 742 5 mean mean NN 34701 742 6 effective effective JJ 34701 742 7 pressure pressure NN 34701 742 8 directly directly RB 34701 742 9 , , , 34701 742 10 without without IN 34701 742 11 computations computation NNS 34701 742 12 , , , 34701 742 13 by by IN 34701 742 14 changing change VBG 34701 742 15 the the DT 34701 742 16 scale scale NN 34701 742 17 to to TO 34701 742 18 correspond correspond VB 34701 742 19 with with IN 34701 742 20 the the DT 34701 742 21 spring spring NN 34701 742 22 used use VBN 34701 742 23 in in IN 34701 742 24 the the DT 34701 742 25 indicator indicator NN 34701 742 26 . . . 34701 743 1 A a DT 34701 743 2 planimeter planimeter NN 34701 743 3 of of IN 34701 743 4 this this DT 34701 743 5 type type NN 34701 743 6 is be VBZ 34701 743 7 shown show VBN 34701 743 8 in in IN 34701 743 9 Fig Fig NNP 34701 743 10 . . . 34701 744 1 52 52 CD 34701 744 2 . . . 34701 745 1 The the DT 34701 745 2 method method NN 34701 745 3 of of IN 34701 745 4 manipulating manipulate VBG 34701 745 5 this this DT 34701 745 6 instrument instrument NN 34701 745 7 is be VBZ 34701 745 8 as as IN 34701 745 9 follows follow VBZ 34701 745 10 . . . 34701 746 1 Set set VB 34701 746 2 the the DT 34701 746 3 arm arm NN 34701 746 4 _ _ NNP 34701 746 5 BD BD NNP 34701 746 6 _ _ NNP 34701 746 7 equal equal JJ 34701 746 8 to to IN 34701 746 9 the the DT 34701 746 10 length length NN 34701 746 11 of of IN 34701 746 12 the the DT 34701 746 13 card card NN 34701 746 14 _ _ NNP 34701 746 15 EF EF NNP 34701 746 16 _ _ NNP 34701 746 17 , , , 34701 746 18 by by IN 34701 746 19 means mean NNS 34701 746 20 of of IN 34701 746 21 the the DT 34701 746 22 thumb thumb NN 34701 746 23 screw screw NN 34701 746 24 _ _ NNP 34701 746 25 S S NNP 34701 746 26 _ _ NNP 34701 746 27 , , , 34701 746 28 and and CC 34701 746 29 set set VBD 34701 746 30 the the DT 34701 746 31 wheel wheel NN 34701 746 32 at at IN 34701 746 33 zero zero CD 34701 746 34 on on IN 34701 746 35 the the DT 34701 746 36 scale scale NN 34701 746 37 , , , 34701 746 38 which which WDT 34701 746 39 must must MD 34701 746 40 correspond correspond VB 34701 746 41 to to IN 34701 746 42 the the DT 34701 746 43 spring spring NN 34701 746 44 used use VBN 34701 746 45 in in IN 34701 746 46 the the DT 34701 746 47 indicator indicator NN 34701 746 48 . . . 34701 747 1 Next next RB 34701 747 2 , , , 34701 747 3 place place VB 34701 747 4 the the DT 34701 747 5 point point NN 34701 747 6 _ _ NNP 34701 747 7 D D NNP 34701 747 8 _ _ NNP 34701 747 9 at at IN 34701 747 10 about about IN 34701 747 11 the the DT 34701 747 12 middle middle NN 34701 747 13 of of IN 34701 747 14 the the DT 34701 747 15 area area NN 34701 747 16 to to TO 34701 747 17 be be VB 34701 747 18 measured measure VBN 34701 747 19 , , , 34701 747 20 and and CC 34701 747 21 set set VBN 34701 747 22 point point NN 34701 747 23 _ _ NNP 34701 747 24 C C NNP 34701 747 25 _ _ NNP 34701 747 26 so so IN 34701 747 27 that that IN 34701 747 28 the the DT 34701 747 29 arm arm NN 34701 747 30 _ _ NNP 34701 747 31 CB CB NNP 34701 747 32 _ _ NNP 34701 747 33 shall shall MD 34701 747 34 be be VB 34701 747 35 approximately approximately RB 34701 747 36 at at IN 34701 747 37 right right JJ 34701 747 38 angles angle NNS 34701 747 39 with with IN 34701 747 40 _ _ NNP 34701 747 41 BD BD NNP 34701 747 42 _ _ NNP 34701 747 43 . . . 34701 748 1 Then then RB 34701 748 2 move move VB 34701 748 3 _ _ NNP 34701 748 4 D D NNP 34701 748 5 _ _ NNP 34701 748 6 to to IN 34701 748 7 the the DT 34701 748 8 upper upper JJ 34701 748 9 left left JJ 34701 748 10 - - HYPH 34701 748 11 hand hand NN 34701 748 12 corner corner NN 34701 748 13 of of IN 34701 748 14 the the DT 34701 748 15 diagram diagram NN 34701 748 16 , , , 34701 748 17 and and CC 34701 748 18 with with IN 34701 748 19 the the DT 34701 748 20 left left JJ 34701 748 21 hand hand NN 34701 748 22 move move NN 34701 748 23 _ _ NNP 34701 748 24 C C NNP 34701 748 25 _ _ NNP 34701 748 26 either either CC 34701 748 27 to to IN 34701 748 28 the the DT 34701 748 29 right right NN 34701 748 30 or or CC 34701 748 31 left leave VBD 34701 748 32 until until IN 34701 748 33 the the DT 34701 748 34 wheel wheel NN 34701 748 35 comes come VBZ 34701 748 36 back back RB 34701 748 37 exactly exactly RB 34701 748 38 to to IN 34701 748 39 the the DT 34701 748 40 zero zero CD 34701 748 41 point point NN 34701 748 42 on on IN 34701 748 43 the the DT 34701 748 44 scale scale NN 34701 748 45 ; ; : 34701 748 46 then then RB 34701 748 47 press press VB 34701 748 48 the the DT 34701 748 49 point point NN 34701 748 50 firmly firmly RB 34701 748 51 into into IN 34701 748 52 the the DT 34701 748 53 paper paper NN 34701 748 54 . . . 34701 749 1 Now now RB 34701 749 2 , , , 34701 749 3 go go VB 34701 749 4 around around IN 34701 749 5 the the DT 34701 749 6 outline outline NN 34701 749 7 of of IN 34701 749 8 the the DT 34701 749 9 diagram diagram NN 34701 749 10 with with IN 34701 749 11 point point NN 34701 749 12 _ _ NNP 34701 749 13 D D NNP 34701 749 14 _ _ NNP 34701 749 15 from from IN 34701 749 16 left left NN 34701 749 17 to to IN 34701 749 18 right right NN 34701 749 19 , , , 34701 749 20 finishing finish VBG 34701 749 21 exactly exactly RB 34701 749 22 at at IN 34701 749 23 the the DT 34701 749 24 starting starting NN 34701 749 25 point point NN 34701 749 26 . . . 34701 750 1 The the DT 34701 750 2 mean mean NN 34701 750 3 effective effective JJ 34701 750 4 pressure pressure NN 34701 750 5 may may MD 34701 750 6 now now RB 34701 750 7 be be VB 34701 750 8 read read VBN 34701 750 9 from from IN 34701 750 10 the the DT 34701 750 11 scale scale NN 34701 750 12 opposite opposite IN 34701 750 13 the the DT 34701 750 14 edge edge NN 34701 750 15 of of IN 34701 750 16 the the DT 34701 750 17 wheel wheel NN 34701 750 18 . . . 34701 751 1 When when WRB 34701 751 2 very very RB 34701 751 3 accurate accurate JJ 34701 751 4 results result NNS 34701 751 5 are be VBP 34701 751 6 required require VBN 34701 751 7 , , , 34701 751 8 the the DT 34701 751 9 tracer tracer NN 34701 751 10 point point NN 34701 751 11 _ _ NNP 34701 751 12 D D NNP 34701 751 13 _ _ NNP 34701 751 14 may may MD 34701 751 15 be be VB 34701 751 16 passed pass VBN 34701 751 17 over over IN 34701 751 18 the the DT 34701 751 19 diagram diagram NN 34701 751 20 several several JJ 34701 751 21 times time NNS 34701 751 22 , , , 34701 751 23 and and CC 34701 751 24 the the DT 34701 751 25 reading reading NN 34701 751 26 divided divide VBN 34701 751 27 by by IN 34701 751 28 the the DT 34701 751 29 number number NN 34701 751 30 of of IN 34701 751 31 times time NNS 34701 751 32 it -PRON- PRP 34701 751 33 is be VBZ 34701 751 34 thus thus RB 34701 751 35 passed pass VBN 34701 751 36 around around RB 34701 751 37 . . . 34701 752 1 With with IN 34701 752 2 short short JJ 34701 752 3 cards card NNS 34701 752 4 , , , 34701 752 5 3 3 CD 34701 752 6 inches inch NNS 34701 752 7 and and CC 34701 752 8 under under RB 34701 752 9 in in IN 34701 752 10 length length NN 34701 752 11 , , , 34701 752 12 it -PRON- PRP 34701 752 13 is be VBZ 34701 752 14 best good JJS 34701 752 15 to to TO 34701 752 16 make make VB 34701 752 17 the the DT 34701 752 18 arm arm NN 34701 752 19 _ _ NNP 34701 752 20 BD BD NNP 34701 752 21 _ _ NNP 34701 752 22 twice twice PDT 34701 752 23 the the DT 34701 752 24 length length NN 34701 752 25 of of IN 34701 752 26 the the DT 34701 752 27 card card NN 34701 752 28 , , , 34701 752 29 and and CC 34701 752 30 go go VB 34701 752 31 around around IN 34701 752 32 the the DT 34701 752 33 diagram diagram NN 34701 752 34 twice twice RB 34701 752 35 , , , 34701 752 36 taking take VBG 34701 752 37 the the DT 34701 752 38 reading reading NN 34701 752 39 directly directly RB 34701 752 40 from from IN 34701 752 41 the the DT 34701 752 42 scale scale NN 34701 752 43 as as IN 34701 752 44 in in IN 34701 752 45 the the DT 34701 752 46 first first JJ 34701 752 47 case case NN 34701 752 48 . . . 34701 753 1 Determining determine VBG 34701 753 2 Steam Steam NNP 34701 753 3 Consumption consumption NN 34701 753 4 When when WRB 34701 753 5 it -PRON- PRP 34701 753 6 is be VBZ 34701 753 7 desired desire VBN 34701 753 8 to to TO 34701 753 9 determine determine VB 34701 753 10 accurately accurately RB 34701 753 11 the the DT 34701 753 12 water water NN 34701 753 13 rate rate NN 34701 753 14 of of IN 34701 753 15 an an DT 34701 753 16 engine engine NN 34701 753 17 , , , 34701 753 18 a a DT 34701 753 19 boiler boiler NN 34701 753 20 test test NN 34701 753 21 should should MD 34701 753 22 be be VB 34701 753 23 carried carry VBN 34701 753 24 on on IN 34701 753 25 simultaneously simultaneously RB 34701 753 26 with with IN 34701 753 27 the the DT 34701 753 28 test test NN 34701 753 29 upon upon IN 34701 753 30 the the DT 34701 753 31 engine engine NN 34701 753 32 , , , 34701 753 33 from from IN 34701 753 34 which which WDT 34701 753 35 the the DT 34701 753 36 pounds pound NNS 34701 753 37 of of IN 34701 753 38 dry dry JJ 34701 753 39 steam steam NN 34701 753 40 supplied supply VBN 34701 753 41 may may MD 34701 753 42 be be VB 34701 753 43 determined determine VBN 34701 753 44 as as IN 34701 753 45 described describe VBN 34701 753 46 in in IN 34701 753 47 MACHINERY MACHINERY NNP 34701 753 48 'S 's POS 34701 753 49 Reference Reference NNP 34701 753 50 Series Series NNP 34701 753 51 No no UH 34701 753 52 . . . 34701 754 1 67 67 CD 34701 754 2 , , , 34701 754 3 " " `` 34701 754 4 Boilers boiler NNS 34701 754 5 . . . 34701 754 6 " " '' 34701 755 1 Knowing know VBG 34701 755 2 the the DT 34701 755 3 average average JJ 34701 755 4 weight weight NN 34701 755 5 of of IN 34701 755 6 steam steam NN 34701 755 7 supplied supply VBN 34701 755 8 per per IN 34701 755 9 hour hour NN 34701 755 10 for for IN 34701 755 11 the the DT 34701 755 12 run run NN 34701 755 13 , , , 34701 755 14 and and CC 34701 755 15 the the DT 34701 755 16 average average JJ 34701 755 17 indicated indicate VBD 34701 755 18 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 755 19 developed develop VBN 34701 755 20 during during IN 34701 755 21 the the DT 34701 755 22 same same JJ 34701 755 23 period period NN 34701 755 24 , , , 34701 755 25 the the DT 34701 755 26 water water NN 34701 755 27 rate rate NN 34701 755 28 of of IN 34701 755 29 the the DT 34701 755 30 engine engine NN 34701 755 31 is be VBZ 34701 755 32 easily easily RB 34701 755 33 computed compute VBN 34701 755 34 . . . 34701 756 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 34701 756 2 the the DT 34701 756 3 average average JJ 34701 756 4 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 756 5 condensation condensation NN 34701 756 6 for for IN 34701 756 7 a a DT 34701 756 8 given give VBN 34701 756 9 type type NN 34701 756 10 and and CC 34701 756 11 make make NN 34701 756 12 is be VBZ 34701 756 13 known know VBN 34701 756 14 for for IN 34701 756 15 certain certain JJ 34701 756 16 standard standard JJ 34701 756 17 conditions condition NNS 34701 756 18 . . . 34701 757 1 In in IN 34701 757 2 this this DT 34701 757 3 case case NN 34701 757 4 an an DT 34701 757 5 approximation approximation NN 34701 757 6 may may MD 34701 757 7 be be VB 34701 757 8 made make VBN 34701 757 9 from from IN 34701 757 10 an an DT 34701 757 11 indicator indicator NN 34701 757 12 diagram diagram NN 34701 757 13 which which WDT 34701 757 14 represents represent VBZ 34701 757 15 the the DT 34701 757 16 average average JJ 34701 757 17 operation operation NN 34701 757 18 of of IN 34701 757 19 the the DT 34701 757 20 engine engine NN 34701 757 21 during during IN 34701 757 22 the the DT 34701 757 23 test test NN 34701 757 24 . . . 34701 758 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 758 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 758 3 : : : 34701 758 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 758 5 . . . 34701 759 1 52 52 CD 34701 759 2 . . . 34701 760 1 General General NNP 34701 760 2 Construction Construction NNP 34701 760 3 of of IN 34701 760 4 Planimeter Planimeter NNP 34701 760 5 ] ] -RRB- 34701 760 6 A a DT 34701 760 7 diagram diagram NN 34701 760 8 shows show VBZ 34701 760 9 by by IN 34701 760 10 direct direct JJ 34701 760 11 measurement measurement NN 34701 760 12 the the DT 34701 760 13 pressure pressure NN 34701 760 14 and and CC 34701 760 15 volume volume NN 34701 760 16 at at IN 34701 760 17 any any DT 34701 760 18 point point NN 34701 760 19 of of IN 34701 760 20 the the DT 34701 760 21 stroke stroke NN 34701 760 22 , , , 34701 760 23 and and CC 34701 760 24 the the DT 34701 760 25 weight weight NN 34701 760 26 of of IN 34701 760 27 steam steam NN 34701 760 28 per per IN 34701 760 29 cubic cubic JJ 34701 760 30 foot foot NN 34701 760 31 for for IN 34701 760 32 any any DT 34701 760 33 given give VBN 34701 760 34 pressure pressure NN 34701 760 35 may may MD 34701 760 36 be be VB 34701 760 37 taken take VBN 34701 760 38 directly directly RB 34701 760 39 from from IN 34701 760 40 a a DT 34701 760 41 steam steam NN 34701 760 42 table table NN 34701 760 43 . . . 34701 761 1 The the DT 34701 761 2 method method NN 34701 761 3 , , , 34701 761 4 then then RB 34701 761 5 , , , 34701 761 6 of of IN 34701 761 7 finding find VBG 34701 761 8 the the DT 34701 761 9 weight weight NN 34701 761 10 of of IN 34701 761 11 steam steam NN 34701 761 12 at at IN 34701 761 13 any any DT 34701 761 14 point point NN 34701 761 15 in in IN 34701 761 16 the the DT 34701 761 17 stroke stroke NN 34701 761 18 is be VBZ 34701 761 19 to to TO 34701 761 20 find find VB 34701 761 21 the the DT 34701 761 22 volume volume NN 34701 761 23 in in IN 34701 761 24 cubic cubic JJ 34701 761 25 feet foot NNS 34701 761 26 , , , 34701 761 27 including include VBG 34701 761 28 the the DT 34701 761 29 clearance clearance NN 34701 761 30 and and CC 34701 761 31 piston piston NN 34701 761 32 displacement displacement NN 34701 761 33 to to IN 34701 761 34 the the DT 34701 761 35 given give VBN 34701 761 36 point point NN 34701 761 37 , , , 34701 761 38 which which WDT 34701 761 39 must must MD 34701 761 40 be be VB 34701 761 41 taken take VBN 34701 761 42 at at IN 34701 761 43 cut cut NN 34701 761 44 - - HYPH 34701 761 45 off off RP 34701 761 46 or or CC 34701 761 47 later later RB 34701 761 48 , , , 34701 761 49 and and CC 34701 761 50 to to TO 34701 761 51 multiply multiply VB 34701 761 52 this this DT 34701 761 53 by by IN 34701 761 54 the the DT 34701 761 55 weight weight NN 34701 761 56 per per IN 34701 761 57 cubic cubic JJ 34701 761 58 foot foot NN 34701 761 59 corresponding correspond VBG 34701 761 60 to to IN 34701 761 61 the the DT 34701 761 62 pressure pressure NN 34701 761 63 at at IN 34701 761 64 the the DT 34701 761 65 given give VBN 34701 761 66 point point NN 34701 761 67 measured measure VBN 34701 761 68 on on IN 34701 761 69 the the DT 34701 761 70 diagram diagram NN 34701 761 71 . . . 34701 762 1 As as IN 34701 762 2 this this DT 34701 762 3 includes include VBZ 34701 762 4 the the DT 34701 762 5 steam steam NN 34701 762 6 used use VBN 34701 762 7 for for IN 34701 762 8 compression compression NN 34701 762 9 , , , 34701 762 10 it -PRON- PRP 34701 762 11 must must MD 34701 762 12 be be VB 34701 762 13 corrected correct VBN 34701 762 14 , , , 34701 762 15 as as IN 34701 762 16 follows follow VBZ 34701 762 17 , , , 34701 762 18 to to TO 34701 762 19 obtain obtain VB 34701 762 20 the the DT 34701 762 21 actual actual JJ 34701 762 22 weight weight NN 34701 762 23 used use VBN 34701 762 24 per per IN 34701 762 25 stroke stroke NN 34701 762 26 . . . 34701 763 1 Take take VB 34701 763 2 some some DT 34701 763 3 convenient convenient JJ 34701 763 4 point point NN 34701 763 5 on on IN 34701 763 6 the the DT 34701 763 7 compression compression NN 34701 763 8 curve curve NN 34701 763 9 , , , 34701 763 10 as as IN 34701 763 11 _ _ NNP 34701 763 12 Q Q NNP 34701 763 13 _ _ NNP 34701 763 14 , , , 34701 763 15 in in IN 34701 763 16 Fig Fig NNP 34701 763 17 . . . 34701 764 1 53 53 LS 34701 764 2 ; ; : 34701 764 3 measure measure VB 34701 764 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 34701 764 5 absolute absolute JJ 34701 764 6 pressure pressure NN 34701 764 7 from from IN 34701 764 8 the the DT 34701 764 9 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 764 10 line line NN 34701 764 11 _ _ NNP 34701 764 12 OX OX NNP 34701 764 13 _ _ NNP 34701 764 14 and and CC 34701 764 15 compute compute VB 34701 764 16 the the DT 34701 764 17 weight weight NN 34701 764 18 of of IN 34701 764 19 steam steam NN 34701 764 20 to to IN 34701 764 21 this this DT 34701 764 22 point point NN 34701 764 23 . . . 34701 765 1 Subtract subtract VB 34701 765 2 this this DT 34701 765 3 weight weight NN 34701 765 4 from from IN 34701 765 5 that that DT 34701 765 6 computed compute VBD 34701 765 7 above above RB 34701 765 8 for for IN 34701 765 9 the the DT 34701 765 10 given give VBN 34701 765 11 point point NN 34701 765 12 on on IN 34701 765 13 the the DT 34701 765 14 expansion expansion NN 34701 765 15 line line NN 34701 765 16 , , , 34701 765 17 and and CC 34701 765 18 the the DT 34701 765 19 result result NN 34701 765 20 will will MD 34701 765 21 be be VB 34701 765 22 the the DT 34701 765 23 weight weight NN 34701 765 24 of of IN 34701 765 25 steam steam NN 34701 765 26 used use VBN 34701 765 27 per per IN 34701 765 28 stroke stroke NN 34701 765 29 . . . 34701 766 1 The the DT 34701 766 2 best good JJS 34701 766 3 point point NN 34701 766 4 on on IN 34701 766 5 the the DT 34701 766 6 expansion expansion NN 34701 766 7 line line NN 34701 766 8 to to TO 34701 766 9 use use VB 34701 766 10 for for IN 34701 766 11 this this DT 34701 766 12 purpose purpose NN 34701 766 13 is be VBZ 34701 766 14 just just RB 34701 766 15 before before IN 34701 766 16 release release NN 34701 766 17 , , , 34701 766 18 both both CC 34701 766 19 because because IN 34701 766 20 the the DT 34701 766 21 maximum maximum JJ 34701 766 22 amount amount NN 34701 766 23 of of IN 34701 766 24 leakage leakage NN 34701 766 25 has have VBZ 34701 766 26 taken take VBN 34701 766 27 place place NN 34701 766 28 , , , 34701 766 29 and and CC 34701 766 30 also also RB 34701 766 31 because because IN 34701 766 32 of of IN 34701 766 33 the the DT 34701 766 34 re re NN 34701 766 35 - - NN 34701 766 36 evaporation evaporation NN 34701 766 37 of of IN 34701 766 38 a a DT 34701 766 39 portion portion NN 34701 766 40 of of IN 34701 766 41 the the DT 34701 766 42 steam steam NN 34701 766 43 condensed condense VBN 34701 766 44 during during IN 34701 766 45 admission admission NN 34701 766 46 . . . 34701 767 1 The the DT 34701 767 2 actual actual JJ 34701 767 3 computation computation NN 34701 767 4 of of IN 34701 767 5 the the DT 34701 767 6 steam steam NN 34701 767 7 consumption consumption NN 34701 767 8 from from IN 34701 767 9 an an DT 34701 767 10 indicator indicator NN 34701 767 11 diagram diagram NN 34701 767 12 is be VBZ 34701 767 13 best well RBS 34701 767 14 shown show VBN 34701 767 15 by by IN 34701 767 16 a a DT 34701 767 17 practical practical JJ 34701 767 18 illustration illustration NN 34701 767 19 . . . 34701 768 1 _ _ NNP 34701 768 2 Example_--Let Example_--Let NNP 34701 768 3 Fig Fig NNP 34701 768 4 . . . 34701 769 1 53 53 CD 34701 769 2 represent represent VBP 34701 769 3 a a DT 34701 769 4 diagram diagram NN 34701 769 5 taken take VBN 34701 769 6 from from IN 34701 769 7 the the DT 34701 769 8 head head NN 34701 769 9 end end NN 34701 769 10 of of IN 34701 769 11 a a DT 34701 769 12 16 16 CD 34701 769 13 × × CD 34701 769 14 30-inch 30-inch CD 34701 769 15 non non JJ 34701 769 16 - - JJ 34701 769 17 condensing condensing JJ 34701 769 18 engine engine NN 34701 769 19 , , , 34701 769 20 running run VBG 34701 769 21 at at IN 34701 769 22 a a DT 34701 769 23 speed speed NN 34701 769 24 of of IN 34701 769 25 150 150 CD 34701 769 26 revolutions revolution NNS 34701 769 27 per per IN 34701 769 28 minute minute NN 34701 769 29 ; ; : 34701 769 30 the the DT 34701 769 31 card card NN 34701 769 32 is be VBZ 34701 769 33 taken take VBN 34701 769 34 with with IN 34701 769 35 a a DT 34701 769 36 60-pound 60-pound CD 34701 769 37 spring spring NN 34701 769 38 ; ; : 34701 769 39 the the DT 34701 769 40 clearance clearance NN 34701 769 41 of of IN 34701 769 42 the the DT 34701 769 43 engine engine NN 34701 769 44 is be VBZ 34701 769 45 6 6 CD 34701 769 46 per per NN 34701 769 47 cent cent NN 34701 769 48 ; ; : 34701 769 49 the the DT 34701 769 50 average average JJ 34701 769 51 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 769 52 condensation condensation NN 34701 769 53 is be VBZ 34701 769 54 20 20 CD 34701 769 55 per per NN 34701 769 56 cent cent NN 34701 769 57 of of IN 34701 769 58 the the DT 34701 769 59 total total JJ 34701 769 60 steam steam NN 34701 769 61 consumption consumption NN 34701 769 62 ; ; : 34701 769 63 the the DT 34701 769 64 diameter diameter NN 34701 769 65 of of IN 34701 769 66 the the DT 34701 769 67 piston piston NN 34701 769 68 rod rod NN 34701 769 69 is be VBZ 34701 769 70 3 3 CD 34701 769 71 inches inch NNS 34701 769 72 . . . 34701 770 1 [ [ -LRB- 34701 770 2 Illustration illustration NN 34701 770 3 : : : 34701 770 4 Fig Fig NNP 34701 770 5 . . . 34701 771 1 53 53 CD 34701 771 2 . . . 34701 772 1 Diagram Diagram NNP 34701 772 2 for for IN 34701 772 3 Calculating Calculating NNP 34701 772 4 Steam Steam NNP 34701 772 5 Consumption Consumption NNP 34701 772 6 ] ] -RRB- 34701 772 7 Measuring measure VBG 34701 772 8 the the DT 34701 772 9 card card NN 34701 772 10 with with IN 34701 772 11 a a DT 34701 772 12 planimeter planimeter NN 34701 772 13 shows show VBZ 34701 772 14 the the DT 34701 772 15 mean mean NN 34701 772 16 effective effective JJ 34701 772 17 pressure pressure NN 34701 772 18 to to TO 34701 772 19 be be VB 34701 772 20 48.2 48.2 CD 34701 772 21 pounds pound NNS 34701 772 22 . . . 34701 773 1 The the DT 34701 773 2 area area NN 34701 773 3 of of IN 34701 773 4 the the DT 34701 773 5 piston piston NN 34701 773 6 is be VBZ 34701 773 7 201 201 CD 34701 773 8 square square JJ 34701 773 9 inches inch NNS 34701 773 10 ; ; : 34701 773 11 the the DT 34701 773 12 area area NN 34701 773 13 of of IN 34701 773 14 the the DT 34701 773 15 piston piston NN 34701 773 16 rod rod NN 34701 773 17 is be VBZ 34701 773 18 7 7 CD 34701 773 19 square square JJ 34701 773 20 inches inch NNS 34701 773 21 ; ; : 34701 773 22 hence hence RB 34701 773 23 , , , 34701 773 24 the the DT 34701 773 25 average average JJ 34701 773 26 piston piston NN 34701 773 27 area area NN 34701 773 28 = = NFP 34701 773 29 ( ( -LRB- 34701 773 30 ( ( -LRB- 34701 773 31 2 2 CD 34701 773 32 × × CD 34701 773 33 201 201 CD 34701 773 34 ) ) -RRB- 34701 773 35 - - HYPH 34701 773 36 7)/2 7)/2 CD 34701 773 37 = = SYM 34701 773 38 198 198 CD 34701 773 39 square square JJ 34701 773 40 inches inch NNS 34701 773 41 , , , 34701 773 42 approximately approximately RB 34701 773 43 . . . 34701 774 1 Then then RB 34701 774 2 198 198 CD 34701 774 3 × × CD 34701 774 4 48.2 48.2 CD 34701 774 5 × × CD 34701 774 6 2.5 2.5 CD 34701 774 7 × × NN 34701 774 8 300 300 CD 34701 774 9 I. i. NN 34701 774 10 H. H. NNP 34701 774 11 P. P. NNP 34701 774 12 = = SYM 34701 774 13 ---------------------- ---------------------- NFP 34701 774 14 = = SYM 34701 774 15 217 217 CD 34701 774 16 . . . 34701 775 1 33,000 33,000 CD 34701 775 2 In in IN 34701 775 3 Fig Fig NNP 34701 775 4 . . . 34701 776 1 53 53 CD 34701 776 2 , , , 34701 776 3 _ _ NNP 34701 776 4 GH GH NNP 34701 776 5 _ _ NNP 34701 776 6 is be VBZ 34701 776 7 the the DT 34701 776 8 atmospheric atmospheric JJ 34701 776 9 line line NN 34701 776 10 ; ; : 34701 776 11 _ _ NNP 34701 776 12 OX OX NNP 34701 776 13 _ _ NNP 34701 776 14 is be VBZ 34701 776 15 the the DT 34701 776 16 line line NN 34701 776 17 of of IN 34701 776 18 vacuum vacuum NN 34701 776 19 or or CC 34701 776 20 zero zero CD 34701 776 21 pressure pressure NN 34701 776 22 , , , 34701 776 23 drawn draw VBN 34701 776 24 so so IN 34701 776 25 that that IN 34701 776 26 _ _ NNP 34701 776 27 GO GO NNP 34701 776 28 _ _ NNP 34701 776 29 = = SYM 34701 776 30 14.7 14.7 CD 34701 776 31 pounds pound NNS 34701 776 32 on on IN 34701 776 33 the the DT 34701 776 34 scale scale NN 34701 776 35 ; ; : 34701 776 36 and and CC 34701 776 37 _ _ NNP 34701 776 38 OY OY NNP 34701 776 39 _ _ NNP 34701 776 40 is be VBZ 34701 776 41 the the DT 34701 776 42 clearance clearance NN 34701 776 43 line line NN 34701 776 44 , , , 34701 776 45 so so RB 34701 776 46 drawn draw VBN 34701 776 47 that that IN 34701 776 48 _ _ NNP 34701 776 49 ON ON NNP 34701 776 50 _ _ NNP 34701 776 51 = = SYM 34701 776 52 0.06 0.06 CD 34701 776 53 _ _ NNP 34701 776 54 NX NX NNP 34701 776 55 _ _ NNP 34701 776 56 . . . 34701 777 1 The the DT 34701 777 2 line line NN 34701 777 3 _ _ NNP 34701 777 4 PQ PQ NNP 34701 777 5 _ _ NNP 34701 777 6 is be VBZ 34701 777 7 drawn draw VBN 34701 777 8 from from IN 34701 777 9 _ _ NNP 34701 777 10 OX OX NNP 34701 777 11 _ _ NNP 34701 777 12 to to IN 34701 777 13 some some DT 34701 777 14 point point NN 34701 777 15 on on IN 34701 777 16 the the DT 34701 777 17 compression compression NN 34701 777 18 line line NN 34701 777 19 , , , 34701 777 20 as as IN 34701 777 21 at at IN 34701 777 22 _ _ NNP 34701 777 23 Q Q NNP 34701 777 24 _ _ NNP 34701 777 25 . . . 34701 778 1 From from IN 34701 778 2 _ _ NNP 34701 778 3 C C NNP 34701 778 4 _ _ NNP 34701 778 5 , , , 34701 778 6 a a DT 34701 778 7 point point NN 34701 778 8 on on IN 34701 778 9 the the DT 34701 778 10 expansion expansion NN 34701 778 11 line line NN 34701 778 12 , , , 34701 778 13 just just RB 34701 778 14 before before IN 34701 778 15 release release NN 34701 778 16 , , , 34701 778 17 the the DT 34701 778 18 line line NN 34701 778 19 _ _ NNP 34701 778 20 CF CF NNP 34701 778 21 _ _ NNP 34701 778 22 is be VBZ 34701 778 23 drawn draw VBN 34701 778 24 perpendicular perpendicular JJ 34701 778 25 to to IN 34701 778 26 _ _ NNP 34701 778 27 OX OX NNP 34701 778 28 _ _ NNP 34701 778 29 . . . 34701 779 1 The the DT 34701 779 2 following follow VBG 34701 779 3 dimensions dimension NNS 34701 779 4 are be VBP 34701 779 5 now now RB 34701 779 6 carefully carefully RB 34701 779 7 measured measure VBN 34701 779 8 from from IN 34701 779 9 the the DT 34701 779 10 actual actual JJ 34701 779 11 diagram diagram NN 34701 779 12 ( ( -LRB- 34701 779 13 not not RB 34701 779 14 the the DT 34701 779 15 one one CD 34701 779 16 shown show VBN 34701 779 17 in in IN 34701 779 18 the the DT 34701 779 19 illustration illustration NN 34701 779 20 ) ) -RRB- 34701 779 21 , , , 34701 779 22 with with IN 34701 779 23 the the DT 34701 779 24 results result NNS 34701 779 25 given give VBN 34701 779 26 : : : 34701 779 27 _ _ NNP 34701 779 28 OX OX NNP 34701 779 29 _ _ NNP 34701 779 30 = = SYM 34701 779 31 3.71 3.71 CD 34701 779 32 _ _ NNP 34701 779 33 OP OP NNP 34701 779 34 _ _ NNP 34701 779 35 = = SYM 34701 779 36 0.42 0.42 CD 34701 779 37 _ _ NNP 34701 779 38 NX NX NNP 34701 779 39 _ _ NNP 34701 779 40 = = SYM 34701 779 41 3.50 3.50 CD 34701 779 42 _ _ NNP 34701 779 43 CF CF NNP 34701 779 44 _ _ NNP 34701 779 45 = = SYM 34701 779 46 0.81 0.81 CD 34701 779 47 _ _ NNP 34701 779 48 OF of IN 34701 779 49 _ _ NNP 34701 779 50 = = SYM 34701 779 51 3.20 3.20 CD 34701 779 52 _ _ NNP 34701 779 53 QP QP NNP 34701 779 54 _ _ NNP 34701 779 55 = = SYM 34701 779 56 0.81 0.81 CD 34701 779 57 On on IN 34701 779 58 the the DT 34701 779 59 indicator indicator NN 34701 779 60 diagram diagram NN 34701 779 61 , , , 34701 779 62 being be VBG 34701 779 63 taken take VBN 34701 779 64 with with IN 34701 779 65 a a DT 34701 779 66 60-pound 60-pound CD 34701 779 67 spring spring NN 34701 779 68 , , , 34701 779 69 all all DT 34701 779 70 vertical vertical JJ 34701 779 71 distances distance NNS 34701 779 72 represent represent VBP 34701 779 73 pounds pound NNS 34701 779 74 per per IN 34701 779 75 square square JJ 34701 779 76 inch inch NN 34701 779 77 , , , 34701 779 78 in in IN 34701 779 79 the the DT 34701 779 80 ratio ratio NN 34701 779 81 of of IN 34701 779 82 60 60 CD 34701 779 83 pounds pound NNS 34701 779 84 per per IN 34701 779 85 inch inch NN 34701 779 86 of of IN 34701 779 87 height height NN 34701 779 88 . . . 34701 780 1 The the DT 34701 780 2 stroke stroke NN 34701 780 3 of of IN 34701 780 4 the the DT 34701 780 5 engine engine NN 34701 780 6 is be VBZ 34701 780 7 30 30 CD 34701 780 8 inches inch NNS 34701 780 9 or or CC 34701 780 10 2.5 2.5 CD 34701 780 11 feet foot NNS 34701 780 12 . . . 34701 781 1 The the DT 34701 781 2 length length NN 34701 781 3 of of IN 34701 781 4 the the DT 34701 781 5 diagram diagram NN 34701 781 6 _ _ NNP 34701 781 7 NX NX NNP 34701 781 8 _ _ NNP 34701 781 9 is be VBZ 34701 781 10 3.5 3.5 CD 34701 781 11 inches inch NNS 34701 781 12 ; ; : 34701 781 13 hence hence RB 34701 781 14 , , , 34701 781 15 each each DT 34701 781 16 inch inch NN 34701 781 17 in in IN 34701 781 18 length length NN 34701 781 19 represents represent VBZ 34701 781 20 2.5/3.5 2.5/3.5 CD 34701 781 21 = = SYM 34701 781 22 0.71 0.71 CD 34701 781 23 feet foot NNS 34701 781 24 . . . 34701 782 1 From from IN 34701 782 2 the the DT 34701 782 3 above above JJ 34701 782 4 it -PRON- PRP 34701 782 5 is be VBZ 34701 782 6 evident evident JJ 34701 782 7 that that IN 34701 782 8 vertical vertical JJ 34701 782 9 distances distance NNS 34701 782 10 in in IN 34701 782 11 Fig Fig NNP 34701 782 12 . . . 34701 783 1 53 53 CD 34701 783 2 must must MD 34701 783 3 be be VB 34701 783 4 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 783 5 by by IN 34701 783 6 60 60 CD 34701 783 7 to to TO 34701 783 8 reduce reduce VB 34701 783 9 them -PRON- PRP 34701 783 10 to to IN 34701 783 11 pounds pound NNS 34701 783 12 pressure pressure NN 34701 783 13 per per IN 34701 783 14 square square JJ 34701 783 15 inch inch NN 34701 783 16 , , , 34701 783 17 and and CC 34701 783 18 that that IN 34701 783 19 horizontal horizontal JJ 34701 783 20 distances distance NNS 34701 783 21 must must MD 34701 783 22 be be VB 34701 783 23 multiplied multiply VBN 34701 783 24 by by IN 34701 783 25 0.71 0.71 CD 34701 783 26 to to TO 34701 783 27 reduce reduce VB 34701 783 28 them -PRON- PRP 34701 783 29 to to IN 34701 783 30 feet foot NNS 34701 783 31 . . . 34701 784 1 Making make VBG 34701 784 2 these these DT 34701 784 3 reductions reduction NNS 34701 784 4 gives give VBZ 34701 784 5 : : : 34701 784 6 _ _ NNP 34701 784 7 OX OX NNP 34701 784 8 _ _ NNP 34701 784 9 = = SYM 34701 784 10 2.63 2.63 CD 34701 784 11 feet foot NNS 34701 784 12 . . . 34701 785 1 _ _ NNP 34701 785 2 OP OP NNP 34701 785 3 _ _ NNP 34701 785 4 = = SYM 34701 785 5 0.30 0.30 CD 34701 785 6 foot foot NN 34701 785 7 . . . 34701 786 1 _ _ NNP 34701 786 2 NX NX NNP 34701 786 3 _ _ NNP 34701 786 4 = = SYM 34701 786 5 2.49 2.49 CD 34701 786 6 feet foot NNS 34701 786 7 . . . 34701 787 1 _ _ NNP 34701 787 2 CF CF NNP 34701 787 3 _ _ NNP 34701 787 4 = = SYM 34701 787 5 48.6 48.6 CD 34701 787 6 pounds pound NNS 34701 787 7 . . . 34701 788 1 _ _ NNP 34701 788 2 OF of IN 34701 788 3 _ _ NNP 34701 788 4 = = SYM 34701 788 5 2.27 2.27 CD 34701 788 6 feet foot NNS 34701 788 7 . . . 34701 789 1 _ _ NNP 34701 789 2 QP QP NNP 34701 789 3 _ _ NNP 34701 789 4 = = SYM 34701 789 5 48.6 48.6 CD 34701 789 6 pounds pound NNS 34701 789 7 . . . 34701 790 1 As as IN 34701 790 2 a a DT 34701 790 3 card card NN 34701 790 4 from from IN 34701 790 5 the the DT 34701 790 6 head head NN 34701 790 7 end end NN 34701 790 8 of of IN 34701 790 9 the the DT 34701 790 10 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 790 11 is be VBZ 34701 790 12 taken take VBN 34701 790 13 to to TO 34701 790 14 avoid avoid VB 34701 790 15 corrections correction NNS 34701 790 16 for for IN 34701 790 17 the the DT 34701 790 18 piston piston NN 34701 790 19 rod rod NN 34701 790 20 , , , 34701 790 21 the the DT 34701 790 22 area area NN 34701 790 23 is be VBZ 34701 790 24 201 201 CD 34701 790 25 square square JJ 34701 790 26 inches inch NNS 34701 790 27 or or CC 34701 790 28 1.4 1.4 CD 34701 790 29 square square JJ 34701 790 30 foot foot NN 34701 790 31 . . . 34701 791 1 With with IN 34701 791 2 the the DT 34701 791 3 above above JJ 34701 791 4 data datum NNS 34701 791 5 the the DT 34701 791 6 volume volume NN 34701 791 7 and and CC 34701 791 8 weight weight NN 34701 791 9 of of IN 34701 791 10 the the DT 34701 791 11 steam steam NN 34701 791 12 in in IN 34701 791 13 the the DT 34701 791 14 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 791 15 can can MD 34701 791 16 be be VB 34701 791 17 computed compute VBN 34701 791 18 at at IN 34701 791 19 any any DT 34701 791 20 point point NN 34701 791 21 in in IN 34701 791 22 the the DT 34701 791 23 stroke stroke NN 34701 791 24 . . . 34701 792 1 When when WRB 34701 792 2 the the DT 34701 792 3 piston piston NN 34701 792 4 is be VBZ 34701 792 5 at at IN 34701 792 6 _ _ NNP 34701 792 7 C C NNP 34701 792 8 _ _ NNP 34701 792 9 , , , 34701 792 10 the the DT 34701 792 11 volume volume NN 34701 792 12 is be VBZ 34701 792 13 1.4 1.4 CD 34701 792 14 × × CD 34701 792 15 2.27 2.27 CD 34701 792 16 = = SYM 34701 792 17 3.18 3.18 CD 34701 792 18 cubic cubic JJ 34701 792 19 feet foot NNS 34701 792 20 . . . 34701 793 1 When when WRB 34701 793 2 the the DT 34701 793 3 piston piston NN 34701 793 4 is be VBZ 34701 793 5 at at IN 34701 793 6 _ _ NNP 34701 793 7 Q Q NNP 34701 793 8 _ _ NNP 34701 793 9 , , , 34701 793 10 the the DT 34701 793 11 volume volume NN 34701 793 12 is be VBZ 34701 793 13 1.4 1.4 CD 34701 793 14 × × CD 34701 793 15 0.30 0.30 CD 34701 793 16 = = SYM 34701 793 17 0.42 0.42 CD 34701 793 18 cubic cubic JJ 34701 793 19 foot foot NN 34701 793 20 . . . 34701 794 1 From from IN 34701 794 2 a a DT 34701 794 3 steam steam NN 34701 794 4 table table NN 34701 794 5 the the DT 34701 794 6 weight weight NN 34701 794 7 of of IN 34701 794 8 a a DT 34701 794 9 cubic cubic JJ 34701 794 10 foot foot NN 34701 794 11 of of IN 34701 794 12 steam steam NN 34701 794 13 at at IN 34701 794 14 48.6 48.6 CD 34701 794 15 pounds pound NNS 34701 794 16 absolute absolute JJ 34701 794 17 pressure pressure NN 34701 794 18 is be VBZ 34701 794 19 found find VBN 34701 794 20 to to TO 34701 794 21 be be VB 34701 794 22 0.116 0.116 CD 34701 794 23 pounds pound NNS 34701 794 24 . . . 34701 795 1 Therefore therefore RB 34701 795 2 , , , 34701 795 3 the the DT 34701 795 4 weight weight NN 34701 795 5 of of IN 34701 795 6 steam steam NN 34701 795 7 present present JJ 34701 795 8 when when WRB 34701 795 9 the the DT 34701 795 10 piston piston NN 34701 795 11 is be VBZ 34701 795 12 at at IN 34701 795 13 _ _ NNP 34701 795 14 C C NNP 34701 795 15 _ _ NNP 34701 795 16 is be VBZ 34701 795 17 3.18 3.18 CD 34701 795 18 × × CD 34701 795 19 0.116 0.116 CD 34701 795 20 = = SYM 34701 795 21 0.369 0.369 CD 34701 795 22 pounds pound NNS 34701 795 23 . . . 34701 796 1 The the DT 34701 796 2 weight weight NN 34701 796 3 of of IN 34701 796 4 steam steam NN 34701 796 5 present present JJ 34701 796 6 when when WRB 34701 796 7 the the DT 34701 796 8 piston piston NN 34701 796 9 is be VBZ 34701 796 10 at at IN 34701 796 11 _ _ NNP 34701 796 12 Q Q NNP 34701 796 13 _ _ NNP 34701 796 14 is be VBZ 34701 796 15 0.42 0.42 CD 34701 796 16 × × CD 34701 796 17 0.116 0.116 CD 34701 796 18 = = SYM 34701 796 19 0.049 0.049 CD 34701 796 20 pound pound NN 34701 796 21 . . . 34701 797 1 That that DT 34701 797 2 is be VBZ 34701 797 3 the the DT 34701 797 4 weight weight NN 34701 797 5 of of IN 34701 797 6 steam steam NN 34701 797 7 in in IN 34701 797 8 the the DT 34701 797 9 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 797 10 at at IN 34701 797 11 release release NN 34701 797 12 is be VBZ 34701 797 13 0.369 0.369 CD 34701 797 14 pound pound NN 34701 797 15 , , , 34701 797 16 and and CC 34701 797 17 the the DT 34701 797 18 weight weight NN 34701 797 19 kept keep VBD 34701 797 20 at at IN 34701 797 21 exhaust exhaust NN 34701 797 22 closure closure NN 34701 797 23 for for IN 34701 797 24 compression compression NN 34701 797 25 is be VBZ 34701 797 26 0.049 0.049 CD 34701 797 27 pound pound NN 34701 797 28 . . . 34701 798 1 The the DT 34701 798 2 weight weight NN 34701 798 3 exhausted exhaust VBN 34701 798 4 per per IN 34701 798 5 stroke stroke NN 34701 798 6 is be VBZ 34701 798 7 therefore therefore RB 34701 798 8 0.369 0.369 CD 34701 798 9 - - HYPH 34701 798 10 0.049 0.049 CD 34701 798 11 = = SYM 34701 798 12 0.32 0.32 CD 34701 798 13 pound pound NN 34701 798 14 . . . 34701 799 1 The the DT 34701 799 2 number number NN 34701 799 3 of of IN 34701 799 4 strokes stroke NNS 34701 799 5 per per IN 34701 799 6 hour hour NN 34701 799 7 is be VBZ 34701 799 8 150 150 CD 34701 799 9 × × NNS 34701 799 10 2 2 CD 34701 799 11 × × CD 34701 799 12 60 60 CD 34701 799 13 = = SYM 34701 799 14 18,000 18,000 CD 34701 799 15 , , , 34701 799 16 from from IN 34701 799 17 which which WDT 34701 799 18 the the DT 34701 799 19 steam steam NN 34701 799 20 accounted account VBD 34701 799 21 for for IN 34701 799 22 by by IN 34701 799 23 the the DT 34701 799 24 diagram diagram NN 34701 799 25 is be VBZ 34701 799 26 found find VBN 34701 799 27 to to TO 34701 799 28 be be VB 34701 799 29 18,000 18,000 CD 34701 799 30 × × CD 34701 799 31 0.32 0.32 CD 34701 799 32 = = SYM 34701 799 33 5760 5760 CD 34701 799 34 pounds pound NNS 34701 799 35 , , , 34701 799 36 or or CC 34701 799 37 5760 5760 CD 34701 799 38 ÷ ÷ NN 34701 799 39 217 217 CD 34701 799 40 = = SYM 34701 799 41 26.5 26.5 CD 34701 799 42 pounds pound NNS 34701 799 43 per per IN 34701 799 44 indicated indicate VBN 34701 799 45 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 799 46 per per IN 34701 799 47 hour hour NN 34701 799 48 . . . 34701 800 1 If if IN 34701 800 2 the the DT 34701 800 3 cylinder cylinder NN 34701 800 4 condensation condensation NN 34701 800 5 for for IN 34701 800 6 this this DT 34701 800 7 type type NN 34701 800 8 of of IN 34701 800 9 engine engine NN 34701 800 10 is be VBZ 34701 800 11 20 20 CD 34701 800 12 per per NN 34701 800 13 cent cent NN 34701 800 14 of of IN 34701 800 15 the the DT 34701 800 16 total total JJ 34701 800 17 steam steam NN 34701 800 18 consumption consumption NN 34701 800 19 , , , 34701 800 20 the the DT 34701 800 21 water water NN 34701 800 22 rate rate NN 34701 800 23 will will MD 34701 800 24 be be VB 34701 800 25 26.5 26.5 CD 34701 800 26 ÷ ÷ NNP 34701 800 27 0.8 0.8 CD 34701 800 28 = = SYM 34701 800 29 33.1 33.1 CD 34701 800 30 pounds pound NNS 34701 800 31 per per IN 34701 800 32 indicated indicate VBN 34701 800 33 horsepower horsepower NN 34701 800 34 per per IN 34701 800 35 hour hour NN 34701 800 36 . . . 34701 801 1 In in IN 34701 801 2 the the DT 34701 801 3 present present JJ 34701 801 4 case case NN 34701 801 5 it -PRON- PRP 34701 801 6 has have VBZ 34701 801 7 been be VBN 34701 801 8 assumed assume VBN 34701 801 9 , , , 34701 801 10 for for IN 34701 801 11 simplicity simplicity NN 34701 801 12 , , , 34701 801 13 that that IN 34701 801 14 the the DT 34701 801 15 head- head- NN 34701 801 16 and and CC 34701 801 17 crank crank NN 34701 801 18 - - HYPH 34701 801 19 end end NN 34701 801 20 diagrams diagram NNS 34701 801 21 were be VBD 34701 801 22 exactly exactly RB 34701 801 23 alike alike RB 34701 801 24 , , , 34701 801 25 except except IN 34701 801 26 for for IN 34701 801 27 the the DT 34701 801 28 piston piston NN 34701 801 29 rod rod NN 34701 801 30 . . . 34701 802 1 Ordinarily ordinarily RB 34701 802 2 , , , 34701 802 3 the the DT 34701 802 4 above above JJ 34701 802 5 process process NN 34701 802 6 should should MD 34701 802 7 be be VB 34701 802 8 carried carry VBN 34701 802 9 out out RP 34701 802 10 for for IN 34701 802 11 both both DT 34701 802 12 head head NN 34701 802 13 and and CC 34701 802 14 crank crank NNP 34701 802 15 ends end NNS 34701 802 16 , , , 34701 802 17 and and CC 34701 802 18 the the DT 34701 802 19 results result NNS 34701 802 20 averaged average VBD 34701 802 21 . . .