id sid tid token lemma pos 43297 1 1 Trancriber Trancriber NNP 43297 1 2 's 's POS 43297 1 3 Note Note NNP 43297 1 4 Text Text NNP 43297 1 5 emphasis emphasis NN 43297 1 6 is be VBZ 43297 1 7 displayed display VBN 43297 1 8 as as IN 43297 1 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1 10 Italic Italic NNP 43297 1 11 _ _ NNP 43297 1 12 and and CC 43297 1 13 = = SYM 43297 1 14 Bold=. Bold=. . 43297 2 1 Whole whole JJ 43297 2 2 and and CC 43297 2 3 fractional fractional JJ 43297 2 4 parts part NNS 43297 2 5 are be VBP 43297 2 6 displayed display VBN 43297 2 7 as as IN 43297 2 8 8 8 CD 43297 2 9 - - SYM 43297 2 10 1/2 1/2 CD 43297 2 11 . . . 43297 3 1 Although although IN 43297 3 2 in in IN 43297 3 3 general general JJ 43297 3 4 , , , 43297 3 5 subscripts subscript NNS 43297 3 6 are be VBP 43297 3 7 denoted denote VBN 43297 3 8 _ _ NNP 43297 3 9 { { -LRB- 43297 3 10 # # NNP 43297 3 11 } } -RRB- 43297 3 12 . . . 43297 4 1 The the DT 43297 4 2 formulae formula NNS 43297 4 3 for for IN 43297 4 4 the the DT 43297 4 5 minerals mineral NNS 43297 4 6 are be VBP 43297 4 7 presented present VBN 43297 4 8 as as IN 43297 4 9 K2OAl2O3·6SiO2 K2OAl2O3·6SiO2 NNP 43297 4 10 ( ( -LRB- 43297 4 11 Orthoclase Orthoclase NNP 43297 4 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 4 13 where where WRB 43297 4 14 the the DT 43297 4 15 number number NN 43297 4 16 following follow VBG 43297 4 17 the the DT 43297 4 18 element element NN 43297 4 19 would would MD 43297 4 20 normally normally RB 43297 4 21 be be VB 43297 4 22 subscripted subscripte VBN 43297 4 23 . . . 43297 5 1 The the DT 43297 5 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 43297 5 3 Manuals Manuals NNPS 43297 5 4 of of IN 43297 5 5 Science Science NNP 43297 5 6 and and CC 43297 5 7 Literature Literature NNP 43297 5 8 THE the DT 43297 5 9 NATURAL natural JJ 43297 5 10 HISTORY history NN 43297 5 11 OF of IN 43297 5 12 CLAY CLAY NNP 43297 5 13 CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE NNP 43297 5 14 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 43297 5 15 PRESS PRESS NNP 43297 5 16 London London NNP 43297 5 17 : : : 43297 5 18 FETTER FETTER NNP 43297 5 19 LANE LANE NNP 43297 5 20 , , , 43297 5 21 E.C. E.C. NNP 43297 6 1 C. C. NNP 43297 6 2 F. F. NNP 43297 6 3 CLAY CLAY NNP 43297 6 4 , , , 43297 6 5 Manager Manager NNP 43297 6 6 [ [ -LRB- 43297 6 7 Illustration Illustration NNP 43297 6 8 ] ] -RRB- 43297 6 9 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP 43297 6 10 : : : 43297 6 11 100 100 CD 43297 6 12 , , , 43297 6 13 PRINCES PRINCES NNP 43297 6 14 STREET STREET NNP 43297 6 15 London London NNP 43297 6 16 : : : 43297 6 17 WILLIAM WILLIAM NNP 43297 6 18 WESLEY WESLEY NNP 43297 6 19 AND and CC 43297 6 20 SON SON NNP 43297 6 21 , , , 43297 6 22 28 28 CD 43297 6 23 , , , 43297 6 24 ESSEX ESSEX NNP 43297 6 25 STREET STREET NNP 43297 6 26 , , , 43297 6 27 STRAND STRAND NNP 43297 6 28 Berlin Berlin NNP 43297 6 29 : : : 43297 6 30 A. a. NN 43297 6 31 ASHER ASHER NNP 43297 6 32 AND and CC 43297 6 33 CO CO NNP 43297 6 34 . . . 43297 6 35 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 43297 6 36 : : : 43297 6 37 F. F. NNP 43297 6 38 A. a. NN 43297 6 39 BROCKHAUS BROCKHAUS NNP 43297 6 40 New New NNP 43297 6 41 York York NNP 43297 6 42 : : : 43297 6 43 G. G. NNP 43297 6 44 P. P. NNP 43297 6 45 PUTNAM PUTNAM NNP 43297 6 46 'S 's POS 43297 6 47 SONS SONS NNP 43297 6 48 Bombay Bombay NNP 43297 6 49 and and CC 43297 6 50 Calcutta Calcutta NNP 43297 6 51 : : : 43297 6 52 MACMILLAN MACMILLAN NNP 43297 6 53 AND and CC 43297 6 54 CO CO NNP 43297 6 55 . . NNP 43297 6 56 , , , 43297 6 57 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 43297 6 58 _ _ NNP 43297 6 59 All All NNP 43297 6 60 rights right NNS 43297 6 61 reserved reserve VBN 43297 6 62 _ _ NNP 43297 6 63 [ [ -LRB- 43297 6 64 Illustration illustration NN 43297 6 65 ] ] -RRB- 43297 6 66 THE the DT 43297 6 67 NATURAL natural JJ 43297 6 68 HISTORY history NN 43297 6 69 OF of IN 43297 6 70 CLAY clay NN 43297 6 71 BY by IN 43297 6 72 ALFRED ALFRED NNP 43297 6 73 B. B. NNP 43297 6 74 SEARLE SEARLE NNP 43297 6 75 Cantor Cantor NNP 43297 6 76 Lecturer Lecturer NNP 43297 6 77 on on IN 43297 6 78 Brickmaking Brickmaking NNP 43297 6 79 , , , 43297 6 80 Author Author NNP 43297 6 81 of of IN 43297 6 82 _ _ NNP 43297 6 83 British British NNP 43297 6 84 Clays Clays NNP 43297 6 85 , , , 43297 6 86 Shales Shales NNPS 43297 6 87 and and CC 43297 6 88 Sands Sands NNPS 43297 6 89 _ _ NNP 43297 6 90 ; ; : 43297 6 91 _ _ NNP 43297 6 92 The the DT 43297 6 93 Clayworker Clayworker NNP 43297 6 94 's 's POS 43297 6 95 Handbook Handbook NNP 43297 6 96 _ _ NNP 43297 6 97 , , , 43297 6 98 etc etc FW 43297 6 99 . . FW 43297 6 100 , , , 43297 6 101 etc etc FW 43297 6 102 . . . 43297 7 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 43297 7 2 : : : 43297 7 3 at at IN 43297 7 4 the the DT 43297 7 5 University University NNP 43297 7 6 Press Press NNP 43297 7 7 New New NNP 43297 7 8 York York NNP 43297 7 9 : : : 43297 7 10 G. G. NNP 43297 7 11 P. P. NNP 43297 7 12 Putnam Putnam NNP 43297 7 13 's 's POS 43297 7 14 Sons Sons NNPS 43297 7 15 1912 1912 CD 43297 7 16 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 43297 7 17 : : : 43297 7 18 PRINTED print VBN 43297 7 19 BY by IN 43297 7 20 JOHN JOHN NNP 43297 7 21 CLAY CLAY NNP 43297 7 22 , , , 43297 7 23 M.A. M.A. NNP 43297 8 1 AT at IN 43297 8 2 THE the DT 43297 8 3 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 43297 8 4 PRESS PRESS NNP 43297 8 5 _ _ XX 43297 8 6 With with IN 43297 8 7 the the DT 43297 8 8 exception exception NN 43297 8 9 of of IN 43297 8 10 the the DT 43297 8 11 coat coat NN 43297 8 12 of of IN 43297 8 13 arms arm NNS 43297 8 14 at at IN 43297 8 15 the the DT 43297 8 16 foot foot NN 43297 8 17 , , , 43297 8 18 the the DT 43297 8 19 design design NN 43297 8 20 on on IN 43297 8 21 the the DT 43297 8 22 title title NN 43297 8 23 page page NN 43297 8 24 is be VBZ 43297 8 25 a a DT 43297 8 26 reproduction reproduction NN 43297 8 27 of of IN 43297 8 28 one one CD 43297 8 29 used use VBN 43297 8 30 by by IN 43297 8 31 the the DT 43297 8 32 earliest early JJS 43297 8 33 known know VBN 43297 8 34 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 43297 8 35 printer printer NN 43297 8 36 , , , 43297 8 37 John John NNP 43297 8 38 Siberch Siberch NNP 43297 8 39 , , , 43297 8 40 1521 1521 CD 43297 8 41 _ _ NNP 43297 8 42 PREFACE PREFACE NNP 43297 8 43 Both both DT 43297 8 44 as as IN 43297 8 45 raw raw JJ 43297 8 46 materials material NNS 43297 8 47 and and CC 43297 8 48 in in IN 43297 8 49 the the DT 43297 8 50 form form NN 43297 8 51 of of IN 43297 8 52 pottery pottery NN 43297 8 53 , , , 43297 8 54 bricks brick NNS 43297 8 55 , , , 43297 8 56 tiles tile NNS 43297 8 57 , , , 43297 8 58 terra terra NNP 43297 8 59 - - HYPH 43297 8 60 cotta cotta NNP 43297 8 61 and and CC 43297 8 62 many many JJ 43297 8 63 other other JJ 43297 8 64 articles article NNS 43297 8 65 of of IN 43297 8 66 use use NN 43297 8 67 and and CC 43297 8 68 ornament ornament NN 43297 8 69 , , , 43297 8 70 clays clay NNS 43297 8 71 are be VBP 43297 8 72 amongst amongst IN 43297 8 73 the the DT 43297 8 74 most most RBS 43297 8 75 important important JJ 43297 8 76 rock rock NN 43297 8 77 products product NNS 43297 8 78 . . . 43297 9 1 Yet yet RB 43297 9 2 the the DT 43297 9 3 origin origin NN 43297 9 4 of of IN 43297 9 5 the the DT 43297 9 6 substances substance NNS 43297 9 7 we -PRON- PRP 43297 9 8 know know VBP 43297 9 9 as as IN 43297 9 10 ' ' `` 43297 9 11 clay clay NN 43297 9 12 , , , 43297 9 13 ' ' '' 43297 9 14 the the DT 43297 9 15 processes process NNS 43297 9 16 occurring occur VBG 43297 9 17 in in IN 43297 9 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 9 19 formation formation NN 43297 9 20 and and CC 43297 9 21 the the DT 43297 9 22 causes cause NNS 43297 9 23 of of IN 43297 9 24 some some DT 43297 9 25 of of IN 43297 9 26 the the DT 43297 9 27 most most RBS 43297 9 28 important important JJ 43297 9 29 of of IN 43297 9 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 9 31 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 9 32 are be VBP 43297 9 33 of of IN 43297 9 34 such such PDT 43297 9 35 a a DT 43297 9 36 nature nature NN 43297 9 37 that that IN 43297 9 38 it -PRON- PRP 43297 9 39 is be VBZ 43297 9 40 remarkable remarkable JJ 43297 9 41 that that IN 43297 9 42 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 9 43 use use NN 43297 9 44 should should MD 43297 9 45 have have VB 43297 9 46 become become VBN 43297 9 47 so so RB 43297 9 48 extended extended JJ 43297 9 49 in in IN 43297 9 50 the the DT 43297 9 51 arts art NNS 43297 9 52 and and CC 43297 9 53 sciences science NNS 43297 9 54 , , , 43297 9 55 while while IN 43297 9 56 we -PRON- PRP 43297 9 57 know know VBP 43297 9 58 so so RB 43297 9 59 little little JJ 43297 9 60 of of IN 43297 9 61 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 9 62 properties property NNS 43297 9 63 when when WRB 43297 9 64 in in IN 43297 9 65 a a DT 43297 9 66 pure pure JJ 43297 9 67 state state NN 43297 9 68 . . . 43297 10 1 In in IN 43297 10 2 the the DT 43297 10 3 following follow VBG 43297 10 4 pages page NNS 43297 10 5 an an DT 43297 10 6 attempt attempt NN 43297 10 7 has have VBZ 43297 10 8 been be VBN 43297 10 9 made make VBN 43297 10 10 to to TO 43297 10 11 state state NN 43297 10 12 in in IN 43297 10 13 a a DT 43297 10 14 simple simple JJ 43297 10 15 form form NN 43297 10 16 an an DT 43297 10 17 outline outline NN 43297 10 18 of of IN 43297 10 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 43297 10 20 present present JJ 43297 10 21 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 10 22 of of IN 43297 10 23 the the DT 43297 10 24 subject subject NN 43297 10 25 and and CC 43297 10 26 to to TO 43297 10 27 indicate indicate VB 43297 10 28 the the DT 43297 10 29 problems problem NNS 43297 10 30 which which WDT 43297 10 31 still still RB 43297 10 32 lie lie VBP 43297 10 33 before before IN 43297 10 34 us -PRON- PRP 43297 10 35 . . . 43297 11 1 The the DT 43297 11 2 experimental experimental JJ 43297 11 3 solution solution NN 43297 11 4 of of IN 43297 11 5 these these DT 43297 11 6 problems problem NNS 43297 11 7 is be VBZ 43297 11 8 rendered render VBN 43297 11 9 peculiarly peculiarly RB 43297 11 10 difficult difficult JJ 43297 11 11 by by IN 43297 11 12 the the DT 43297 11 13 inertness inertness NN 43297 11 14 of of IN 43297 11 15 the the DT 43297 11 16 materials material NNS 43297 11 17 at at IN 43297 11 18 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 11 19 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 11 20 and and CC 43297 11 21 the the DT 43297 11 22 ease ease NN 43297 11 23 with with IN 43297 11 24 which which WDT 43297 11 25 the the DT 43297 11 26 clay clay NN 43297 11 27 molecule molecule NN 43297 11 28 appears appear VBZ 43297 11 29 to to TO 43297 11 30 break break VB 43297 11 31 down down RP 43297 11 32 into into IN 43297 11 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 11 34 constituent constituent NN 43297 11 35 oxides oxide NNS 43297 11 36 at at IN 43297 11 37 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 11 38 approaching approach VBG 43297 11 39 red red JJ 43297 11 40 heat heat NN 43297 11 41 or or CC 43297 11 42 as as RB 43297 11 43 soon soon RB 43297 11 44 as as IN 43297 11 45 it -PRON- PRP 43297 11 46 begins begin VBZ 43297 11 47 to to TO 43297 11 48 react react VB 43297 11 49 with with IN 43297 11 50 alkaline alkaline NN 43297 11 51 or or CC 43297 11 52 basic basic JJ 43297 11 53 materials material NNS 43297 11 54 . . . 43297 12 1 Another another DT 43297 12 2 serious serious JJ 43297 12 3 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 12 4 is be VBZ 43297 12 5 the the DT 43297 12 6 highly highly RB 43297 12 7 complex complex JJ 43297 12 8 nature nature NN 43297 12 9 of of IN 43297 12 10 that that DT 43297 12 11 property property NN 43297 12 12 known know VBN 43297 12 13 as as IN 43297 12 14 ' ' `` 43297 12 15 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 12 16 ' ' '' 43297 12 17 to to TO 43297 12 18 which which WDT 43297 12 19 many many JJ 43297 12 20 clays clay NNS 43297 12 21 owe owe VBP 43297 12 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 12 23 chief chief JJ 43297 12 24 value value NN 43297 12 25 . . . 43297 13 1 For for IN 43297 13 2 many many JJ 43297 13 3 years year NNS 43297 13 4 this this DT 43297 13 5 has have VBZ 43297 13 6 been be VBN 43297 13 7 regarded regard VBN 43297 13 8 as as IN 43297 13 9 an an DT 43297 13 10 elementary elementary JJ 43297 13 11 property property NN 43297 13 12 such such JJ 43297 13 13 as as IN 43297 13 14 hardness hardness NN 43297 13 15 , , , 43297 13 16 cohesion cohesion NN 43297 13 17 or or CC 43297 13 18 colour colour NN 43297 13 19 , , , 43297 13 20 but but CC 43297 13 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 13 22 is be VBZ 43297 13 23 now now RB 43297 13 24 known know VBN 43297 13 25 to to TO 43297 13 26 be be VB 43297 13 27 of of IN 43297 13 28 so so RB 43297 13 29 elusive elusive JJ 43297 13 30 a a DT 43297 13 31 nature nature NN 43297 13 32 as as IN 43297 13 33 almost almost RB 43297 13 34 to to TO 43297 13 35 defy defy VB 43297 13 36 measurement measurement NN 43297 13 37 with with IN 43297 13 38 any any DT 43297 13 39 degree degree NN 43297 13 40 of of IN 43297 13 41 accuracy accuracy NN 43297 13 42 . . . 43297 14 1 The the DT 43297 14 2 thoroughness thoroughness NN 43297 14 3 with with IN 43297 14 4 which which WDT 43297 14 5 the the DT 43297 14 6 methods method NNS 43297 14 7 of of IN 43297 14 8 physical physical JJ 43297 14 9 chemistry chemistry NN 43297 14 10 have have VBP 43297 14 11 been be VBN 43297 14 12 applied apply VBN 43297 14 13 to to IN 43297 14 14 geological geological JJ 43297 14 15 and and CC 43297 14 16 mineralogical mineralogical JJ 43297 14 17 problems problem NNS 43297 14 18 during during IN 43297 14 19 recent recent JJ 43297 14 20 years year NNS 43297 14 21 has have VBZ 43297 14 22 been be VBN 43297 14 23 of of IN 43297 14 24 very very RB 43297 14 25 great great JJ 43297 14 26 assistance assistance NN 43297 14 27 to to IN 43297 14 28 the the DT 43297 14 29 student student NN 43297 14 30 of of IN 43297 14 31 clay clay NN 43297 14 32 problems problem NNS 43297 14 33 , , , 43297 14 34 as as IN 43297 14 35 will will MD 43297 14 36 be be VB 43297 14 37 seen see VBN 43297 14 38 on on IN 43297 14 39 studying study VBG 43297 14 40 some some DT 43297 14 41 of of IN 43297 14 42 the the DT 43297 14 43 works work NNS 43297 14 44 mentioned mention VBN 43297 14 45 in in IN 43297 14 46 the the DT 43297 14 47 short short JJ 43297 14 48 bibliography bibliography NN 43297 14 49 at at IN 43297 14 50 the the DT 43297 14 51 end end NN 43297 14 52 of of IN 43297 14 53 the the DT 43297 14 54 present present JJ 43297 14 55 volume volume NN 43297 14 56 . . . 43297 15 1 When when WRB 43297 15 2 the the DT 43297 15 3 principles principle NNS 43297 15 4 of of IN 43297 15 5 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN 43297 15 6 , , , 43297 15 7 ionization ionization NN 43297 15 8 , , , 43297 15 9 mass mass NN 43297 15 10 reaction reaction NN 43297 15 11 and and CC 43297 15 12 reactional reactional JJ 43297 15 13 velocity velocity NN 43297 15 14 have have VBP 43297 15 15 been be VBN 43297 15 16 applied apply VBN 43297 15 17 in in IN 43297 15 18 still still RB 43297 15 19 further further JJ 43297 15 20 detail detail NN 43297 15 21 to to IN 43297 15 22 the the DT 43297 15 23 study study NN 43297 15 24 of of IN 43297 15 25 clays clay NNS 43297 15 26 , , , 43297 15 27 our -PRON- PRP$ 43297 15 28 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 15 29 of of IN 43297 15 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 15 31 natural natural JJ 43297 15 32 history history NN 43297 15 33 will will MD 43297 15 34 increase increase VB 43297 15 35 even even RB 43297 15 36 more more RBR 43297 15 37 rapidly rapidly RB 43297 15 38 than than IN 43297 15 39 it -PRON- PRP 43297 15 40 has have VBZ 43297 15 41 done do VBN 43297 15 42 during during IN 43297 15 43 the the DT 43297 15 44 past past JJ 43297 15 45 few few JJ 43297 15 46 years year NNS 43297 15 47 . . . 43297 16 1 No no DT 43297 16 2 industry industry NN 43297 16 3 exercises exercise VBZ 43297 16 4 so so RB 43297 16 5 great great JJ 43297 16 6 a a DT 43297 16 7 fascination fascination NN 43297 16 8 over over IN 43297 16 9 those those DT 43297 16 10 engaged engage VBN 43297 16 11 in in IN 43297 16 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 16 13 as as IN 43297 16 14 do do VBP 43297 16 15 the the DT 43297 16 16 various various JJ 43297 16 17 branches branch NNS 43297 16 18 of of IN 43297 16 19 clayworking clayworke VBG 43297 16 20 ; ; : 43297 16 21 no no DT 43297 16 22 other other JJ 43297 16 23 substance substance NN 43297 16 24 offers offer VBZ 43297 16 25 so so RB 43297 16 26 many many JJ 43297 16 27 problems problem NNS 43297 16 28 of of IN 43297 16 29 such such JJ 43297 16 30 absorbing absorb VBG 43297 16 31 interest interest NN 43297 16 32 to to IN 43297 16 33 the the DT 43297 16 34 artist artist NN 43297 16 35 , , , 43297 16 36 the the DT 43297 16 37 craftsman craftsman NN 43297 16 38 , , , 43297 16 39 the the DT 43297 16 40 geologist geologist NN 43297 16 41 , , , 43297 16 42 the the DT 43297 16 43 chemist chemist NN 43297 16 44 and and CC 43297 16 45 the the DT 43297 16 46 general general JJ 43297 16 47 student student NN 43297 16 48 of of IN 43297 16 49 nature nature NN 43297 16 50 , , , 43297 16 51 whilst whilst IN 43297 16 52 the the DT 43297 16 53 differences difference NNS 43297 16 54 in in IN 43297 16 55 legal legal JJ 43297 16 56 opinion opinion NN 43297 16 57 as as IN 43297 16 58 to to IN 43297 16 59 the the DT 43297 16 60 nature nature NN 43297 16 61 of of IN 43297 16 62 clay clay NN 43297 16 63 could could MD 43297 16 64 themselves -PRON- PRP 43297 16 65 occupy occupy VB 43297 16 66 a a DT 43297 16 67 volume volume NN 43297 16 68 far far RB 43297 16 69 larger large JJR 43297 16 70 than than IN 43297 16 71 the the DT 43297 16 72 present present JJ 43297 16 73 one one CD 43297 16 74 . . . 43297 17 1 A. A. NNP 43297 18 1 B. B. NNP 43297 18 2 S. S. NNP 43297 18 3 The the DT 43297 18 4 White White NNP 43297 18 5 Building Building NNP 43297 18 6 , , , 43297 18 7 Sheffield Sheffield NNP 43297 18 8 . . . 43297 19 1 _ _ NNP 43297 19 2 November November NNP 43297 19 3 1911 1911 CD 43297 19 4 . . . 43297 19 5 _ _ NNP 43297 19 6 CONTENTS CONTENTS NNP 43297 19 7 CHAP CHAP NNP 43297 19 8 . . . 43297 20 1 PAGE page NN 43297 20 2 Table table NN 43297 20 3 of of IN 43297 20 4 clay clay NN 43297 20 5 rocks rock NNS 43297 20 6 viii viii VBP 43297 20 7 I -PRON- PRP 43297 20 8 Introduction introduction NN 43297 20 9 . . . 43297 21 1 The the DT 43297 21 2 chemical chemical JJ 43297 21 3 and and CC 43297 21 4 physical physical JJ 43297 21 5 properties property NNS 43297 21 6 of of IN 43297 21 7 clays clay NNS 43297 21 8 1 1 CD 43297 21 9 II II NNP 43297 21 10 Clay Clay NNP 43297 21 11 and and CC 43297 21 12 associated associate VBN 43297 21 13 rocks rock NNS 43297 21 14 48 48 CD 43297 21 15 III iii CD 43297 21 16 The the DT 43297 21 17 origins origin NNS 43297 21 18 of of IN 43297 21 19 clays clay NNS 43297 21 20 70 70 CD 43297 21 21 IV iv NN 43297 21 22 The the DT 43297 21 23 modes mode NNS 43297 21 24 of of IN 43297 21 25 accumulation accumulation NN 43297 21 26 of of IN 43297 21 27 clays clay NNS 43297 21 28 84 84 CD 43297 21 29 V V NNP 43297 21 30 Some some DT 43297 21 31 clays clay NNS 43297 21 32 of of IN 43297 21 33 commercial commercial JJ 43297 21 34 importance importance NN 43297 21 35 103 103 CD 43297 21 36 VI VI NNP 43297 21 37 Clay Clay NNP 43297 21 38 - - HYPH 43297 21 39 substance substance NN 43297 21 40 : : : 43297 21 41 theoretical theoretical JJ 43297 21 42 and and CC 43297 21 43 actual actual JJ 43297 21 44 135 135 CD 43297 21 45 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 43297 21 46 168 168 CD 43297 21 47 Index Index NNP 43297 21 48 170 170 CD 43297 21 49 LIST LIST NNP 43297 21 50 OF of IN 43297 21 51 ILLUSTRATIONS illustrations JJ 43297 21 52 FIG FIG NNP 43297 21 53 . . . 43297 22 1 1 1 CD 43297 22 2 Quartz quartz NN 43297 22 3 crystals crystal NNS 43297 22 4 9 9 CD 43297 22 5 2 2 CD 43297 22 6 Pyrite Pyrite NNP 43297 22 7 14 14 CD 43297 22 8 3 3 CD 43297 22 9 Marcasite Marcasite NNP 43297 22 10 14 14 CD 43297 22 11 4 4 CD 43297 22 12 Illustrating illustrate VBG 43297 22 13 the the DT 43297 22 14 structure structure NN 43297 22 15 of of IN 43297 22 16 a a DT 43297 22 17 ' ' `` 43297 22 18 clay clay NN 43297 22 19 crumb crumb NN 43297 22 20 ' ' CD 43297 22 21 24 24 CD 43297 22 22 5 5 CD 43297 22 23 Chart Chart NNP 43297 22 24 showing show VBG 43297 22 25 rates rate NNS 43297 22 26 of of IN 43297 22 27 drying dry VBG 43297 22 28 27 27 CD 43297 22 29 6 6 CD 43297 22 30 Seger Seger NNP 43297 22 31 Cones Cones NNP 43297 22 32 indicating indicate VBG 43297 22 33 a a DT 43297 22 34 temperature temperature NN 43297 22 35 of of IN 43297 22 36 1250 1250 CD 43297 22 37 ° ° , 43297 22 38 C. C. NNP 43297 22 39 34 34 CD 43297 22 40 7 7 CD 43297 22 41 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 43297 22 42 's 's POS 43297 22 43 Chart Chart NNP 43297 22 44 36 36 CD 43297 22 45 8 8 CD 43297 22 46 Coal coal NN 43297 22 47 Measures measure NNS 43297 22 48 sequence sequence NN 43297 22 49 in in IN 43297 22 50 North North NNP 43297 22 51 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 22 52 55 55 CD 43297 22 53 9 9 CD 43297 22 54 Lias Lias NNP 43297 22 55 clay clay NN 43297 22 56 being be VBG 43297 22 57 worked work VBN 43297 22 58 for for IN 43297 22 59 the the DT 43297 22 60 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 22 61 of of IN 43297 22 62 hand hand NN 43297 22 63 - - HYPH 43297 22 64 made make VBN 43297 22 65 sand sand NN 43297 22 66 - - HYPH 43297 22 67 faced face VBN 43297 22 68 roofing roofing NN 43297 22 69 tiles tile NNS 43297 22 70 58 58 CD 43297 22 71 10 10 CD 43297 22 72 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 22 73 clay clay NN 43297 22 74 near near IN 43297 22 75 Peterborough Peterborough NNP 43297 22 76 60 60 CD 43297 22 77 11 11 CD 43297 22 78 Cliffs Cliffs NNPS 43297 22 79 of of IN 43297 22 80 Boulder Boulder NNP 43297 22 81 clay clay NN 43297 22 82 at at IN 43297 22 83 Filey Filey NNP 43297 22 84 lying lie VBG 43297 22 85 on on IN 43297 22 86 Calcareous Calcareous NNP 43297 22 87 Crag Crag NNP 43297 22 88 66 66 CD 43297 22 89 12 12 CD 43297 22 90 China China NNP 43297 22 91 clay clay NN 43297 22 92 pit pit NN 43297 22 93 belonging belong VBG 43297 22 94 to to IN 43297 22 95 the the DT 43297 22 96 North North NNP 43297 22 97 Cornwall Cornwall NNP 43297 22 98 China China NNP 43297 22 99 Clay Clay NNP 43297 22 100 Co. Co. NNP 43297 22 101 72 72 CD 43297 22 102 13 13 CD 43297 22 103 Orthoclase Orthoclase NNP 43297 22 104 Felspar Felspar NNP 43297 22 105 75 75 CD 43297 22 106 14 14 CD 43297 22 107 Illustrating illustrate VBG 43297 22 108 the the DT 43297 22 109 successive successive JJ 43297 22 110 deposition deposition NN 43297 22 111 of of IN 43297 22 112 different different JJ 43297 22 113 strata strata NN 43297 22 114 90 90 CD 43297 22 115 15 15 CD 43297 22 116 Lacustrine Lacustrine NNP 43297 22 117 clay clay NN 43297 22 118 at at IN 43297 22 119 Skipsea Skipsea NNP 43297 22 120 92 92 CD 43297 22 121 16 16 CD 43297 22 122 Clay clay NN 43297 22 123 at at IN 43297 22 124 Nostel Nostel NNP 43297 22 125 , , , 43297 22 126 showing show VBG 43297 22 127 Marine Marine NNP 43297 22 128 Band Band NNP 43297 22 129 94 94 CD 43297 22 130 17 17 CD 43297 22 131 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 22 132 and and CC 43297 22 133 Mica Mica NNP 43297 22 134 105 105 CD 43297 22 135 18 18 CD 43297 22 136 Mining mining NN 43297 22 137 best good JJS 43297 22 138 Potter Potter NNP 43297 22 139 's 's POS 43297 22 140 clay clay NN 43297 22 141 in in IN 43297 22 142 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 22 143 111 111 CD 43297 22 144 THE the DT 43297 22 145 CHIEF chief JJ 43297 22 146 CLAY clay NN 43297 22 147 ROCKS rock NNS 43297 22 148 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 149 arranged arrange VBN 43297 22 150 geologically geologically RB 43297 22 151 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 152 + + NFP 43297 22 153 --------------------------------------------------------+ --------------------------------------------------------+ NFP 43297 22 154 { { -LRB- 43297 22 155 |Recent |recent NN 43297 22 156 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 157 _ _ NNP 43297 22 158 alluvial alluvial JJ 43297 22 159 clay clay NN 43297 22 160 _ _ NNP 43297 22 161 , , , 43297 22 162 _ _ NNP 43297 22 163 silt silt NN 43297 22 164 _ _ NNP 43297 22 165 , , , 43297 22 166 _ _ NNP 43297 22 167 brick brick NN 43297 22 168 earths earth VBZ 43297 22 169 _ _ NNP 43297 22 170 , , , 43297 22 171 | | NNP 43297 22 172 { { -LRB- 43297 22 173 | | NNP 43297 22 174 _ _ NNP 43297 22 175 boulder boulder NN 43297 22 176 clay clay NN 43297 22 177 _ _ NNP 43297 22 178 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 179 | | NNP 43297 22 180 { { -LRB- 43297 22 181 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 182 Tertiary Tertiary NNP 43297 22 183 { { -LRB- 43297 22 184 |Pliocene |Pliocene NNP 43297 22 185 } } -RRB- 43297 22 186 | | NNP 43297 22 187 { { -LRB- 43297 22 188 |Miocene |miocene NN 43297 22 189 } } -RRB- 43297 22 190 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 191 _ _ NNP 43297 22 192 brick brick NN 43297 22 193 earths earths NNP 43297 22 194 _ _ NNP 43297 22 195 , , , 43297 22 196 _ _ NNP 43297 22 197 ball ball NN 43297 22 198 clays clay VBZ 43297 22 199 _ _ NNP 43297 22 200 , , , 43297 22 201 | | NNP 43297 22 202 { { -LRB- 43297 22 203 |Oligocene |oligocene NN 43297 22 204 } } -RRB- 43297 22 205 _ _ NNP 43297 22 206 coarse coarse JJ 43297 22 207 pottery pottery NN 43297 22 208 clays clay NNS 43297 22 209 _ _ NNP 43297 22 210 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 211 | | NNP 43297 22 212 { { -LRB- 43297 22 213 |Eocene |Eocene NNP 43297 22 214 } } -RRB- 43297 22 215 | | NNP 43297 22 216 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 217 { { -LRB- 43297 22 218 |Cretaceous |cretaceous JJ 43297 22 219 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 220 _ _ NNP 43297 22 221 cement cement NN 43297 22 222 clays clay NNS 43297 22 223 _ _ NNP 43297 22 224 , , , 43297 22 225 _ _ NNP 43297 22 226 brick brick NN 43297 22 227 clays clay VBZ 43297 22 228 _ _ NNP 43297 22 229 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 230 | | NNP 43297 22 231 { { -LRB- 43297 22 232 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 233 Secondary secondary JJ 43297 22 234 { { -LRB- 43297 22 235 |Oolitic |oolitic JJ 43297 22 236 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 237 _ _ NNP 43297 22 238 brick brick NN 43297 22 239 and and CC 43297 22 240 tile tile NN 43297 22 241 clays clay NNS 43297 22 242 _ _ NNP 43297 22 243 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 244 | | NNP 43297 22 245 { { -LRB- 43297 22 246 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 247 { { -LRB- 43297 22 248 |Triassic |Triassic NNP 43297 22 249 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 250 _ _ NNP 43297 22 251 brick brick NN 43297 22 252 , , , 43297 22 253 tile tile NN 43297 22 254 and and CC 43297 22 255 terra terra NN 43297 22 256 - - HYPH 43297 22 257 cotta cotta NNP 43297 22 258 clays clay NNS 43297 22 259 _ _ NNP 43297 22 260 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 261 | | NNP 43297 22 262 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 263 { { -LRB- 43297 22 264 |Permian |Permian NNP 43297 22 265 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 266 _ _ NNP 43297 22 267 brick brick NN 43297 22 268 , , , 43297 22 269 tile tile NN 43297 22 270 and and CC 43297 22 271 flower flower NN 43297 22 272 - - HYPH 43297 22 273 pot pot NN 43297 22 274 clays clay NNS 43297 22 275 _ _ NNP 43297 22 276 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 277 | | NNP 43297 22 278 { { -LRB- 43297 22 279 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 280 { { -LRB- 43297 22 281 |Carboniferous |carboniferous JJ 43297 22 282 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 283 _ _ NNP 43297 22 284 brick brick NN 43297 22 285 clays clay VBZ 43297 22 286 _ _ NNP 43297 22 287 , , , 43297 22 288 _ _ NNP 43297 22 289 fireclays fireclay VBZ 43297 22 290 _ _ NNP 43297 22 291 , , , 43297 22 292 _ _ NNP 43297 22 293 ganister ganister NN 43297 22 294 _ _ NNP 43297 22 295 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 296 | | NNP 43297 22 297 { { -LRB- 43297 22 298 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 299 Primary Primary NNP 43297 22 300 { { -LRB- 43297 22 301 |Devonian |devonian JJ 43297 22 302 } } -RRB- 43297 22 303 | | NNP 43297 22 304 { { -LRB- 43297 22 305 |Silurian |silurian JJ 43297 22 306 } } -RRB- 43297 22 307 | | JJ 43297 22 308 { { -LRB- 43297 22 309 |Ordovician |Ordovician NNP 43297 22 310 } } -RRB- 43297 22 311 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 312 _ _ NNP 43297 22 313 clay clay NN 43297 22 314 schists schist NNS 43297 22 315 , , , 43297 22 316 slates slate NNS 43297 22 317 and and CC 43297 22 318 clay clay NN 43297 22 319 shales shale NNS 43297 22 320 _ _ NNP 43297 22 321 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 322 | | NNP 43297 22 323 { { -LRB- 43297 22 324 |Cambrian |cambrian JJ 43297 22 325 } } -RRB- 43297 22 326 | | NNP 43297 22 327 { { -LRB- 43297 22 328 |Pre |pre NN 43297 22 329 - - HYPH 43297 22 330 Cambrian Cambrian NNP 43297 22 331 } } -RRB- 43297 22 332 | | NNP 43297 22 333 |--------------------------------------------------------| |--------------------------------------------------------| NNP 43297 22 334 |Igneous |igneous JJ 43297 22 335 Rocks rock NNS 43297 22 336 occur occur VBP 43297 22 337 on on IN 43297 22 338 several several JJ 43297 22 339 horizons horizon NNS 43297 22 340 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 341 _ _ NNP 43297 22 342 china china NNP 43297 22 343 clays clay NNS 43297 22 344 _ _ NNP 43297 22 345 | | NNP 43297 22 346 | | NNP 43297 22 347 _ _ NNP 43297 22 348 and and CC 43297 22 349 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 22 350 _ _ NNP 43297 22 351 ) ) -RRB- 43297 22 352 | | NNP 43297 22 353 + + SYM 43297 22 354 --------------------------------------------------------+ --------------------------------------------------------+ FW 43297 22 355 ( ( -LRB- 43297 22 356 In in IN 43297 22 357 the the DT 43297 22 358 above above JJ 43297 22 359 Table table NN 43297 22 360 only only RB 43297 22 361 the the DT 43297 22 362 clay clay NN 43297 22 363 - - HYPH 43297 22 364 bearing bearing NN 43297 22 365 strata stratum NNS 43297 22 366 are be VBP 43297 22 367 mentioned mention VBN 43297 22 368 . . . 43297 23 1 The the DT 43297 23 2 formations formation NNS 43297 23 3 named name VBN 43297 23 4 consist consist VB 43297 23 5 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 23 6 of of IN 43297 23 7 other other JJ 43297 23 8 rocks rock NNS 43297 23 9 in in IN 43297 23 10 which which WDT 43297 23 11 the the DT 43297 23 12 clays clay NNS 43297 23 13 form form VBP 43297 23 14 strata strata NN 43297 23 15 of of IN 43297 23 16 variable variable JJ 43297 23 17 thickness thickness NN 43297 23 18 . . . 43297 23 19 ) ) -RRB- 43297 24 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 43297 24 2 I -PRON- PRP 43297 24 3 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION VBD 43297 24 4 . . . 43297 25 1 THE the DT 43297 25 2 CHEMICAL CHEMICAL NNP 43297 25 3 AND and CC 43297 25 4 PHYSICAL physical NN 43297 25 5 PROPERTIES property NNS 43297 25 6 OF of IN 43297 25 7 CLAY clay NN 43297 25 8 The the DT 43297 25 9 chief chief JJ 43297 25 10 uses use NNS 43297 25 11 of of IN 43297 25 12 clay clay NN 43297 25 13 have have VBP 43297 25 14 been be VBN 43297 25 15 recognized recognize VBN 43297 25 16 since since IN 43297 25 17 the the DT 43297 25 18 earliest early JJS 43297 25 19 periods period NNS 43297 25 20 of of IN 43297 25 21 civilization civilization NN 43297 25 22 ; ; , 43297 25 23 the the DT 43297 25 24 ancient ancient JJ 43297 25 25 Assyrian assyrian JJ 43297 25 26 and and CC 43297 25 27 Egyptian egyptian JJ 43297 25 28 records record NNS 43297 25 29 contain contain VBP 43297 25 30 numerous numerous JJ 43297 25 31 references reference NNS 43297 25 32 to to IN 43297 25 33 the the DT 43297 25 34 employment employment NN 43297 25 35 of of IN 43297 25 36 clay clay NN 43297 25 37 for for IN 43297 25 38 the the DT 43297 25 39 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 25 40 of of IN 43297 25 41 bricks brick NNS 43297 25 42 and and CC 43297 25 43 for for IN 43297 25 44 fulling full VBG 43297 25 45 or or CC 43297 25 46 whitening whiten VBG 43297 25 47 cloth cloth NN 43297 25 48 . . . 43297 26 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 26 2 are be VBP 43297 26 3 distributed distribute VBN 43297 26 4 so so RB 43297 26 5 widely widely RB 43297 26 6 and and CC 43297 26 7 in in IN 43297 26 8 many many JJ 43297 26 9 cases case NNS 43297 26 10 are be VBP 43297 26 11 so so RB 43297 26 12 readily readily RB 43297 26 13 accessible accessible JJ 43297 26 14 that that IN 43297 26 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 26 16 existence existence NN 43297 26 17 and and CC 43297 26 18 some some DT 43297 26 19 of of IN 43297 26 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 26 21 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 26 22 are be VBP 43297 26 23 known know VBN 43297 26 24 in in IN 43297 26 25 entirely entirely RB 43297 26 26 uncivilized uncivilized JJ 43297 26 27 regions region NNS 43297 26 28 . . . 43297 27 1 The the DT 43297 27 2 use use NN 43297 27 3 of of IN 43297 27 4 certain certain JJ 43297 27 5 white white JJ 43297 27 6 clays clay NNS 43297 27 7 as as IN 43297 27 8 a a DT 43297 27 9 food food NN 43297 27 10 , , , 43297 27 11 or or CC 43297 27 12 at at IN 43297 27 13 any any DT 43297 27 14 rate rate NN 43297 27 15 as as IN 43297 27 16 a a DT 43297 27 17 means means NN 43297 27 18 of of IN 43297 27 19 staving stave VBG 43297 27 20 off off RP 43297 27 21 hunger hunger NN 43297 27 22 , , , 43297 27 23 is be VBZ 43297 27 24 common common JJ 43297 27 25 among among IN 43297 27 26 some some DT 43297 27 27 tribes tribe NNS 43297 27 28 of of IN 43297 27 29 very very RB 43297 27 30 primitive primitive JJ 43297 27 31 peoples people NNS 43297 27 32 . . . 43297 28 1 The the DT 43297 28 2 more more RBR 43297 28 3 important important JJ 43297 28 4 uses use NNS 43297 28 5 of of IN 43297 28 6 clays clay NNS 43297 28 7 for for IN 43297 28 8 building building NN 43297 28 9 and and CC 43297 28 10 other other JJ 43297 28 11 purposes purpose NNS 43297 28 12 are be VBP 43297 28 13 naturally naturally RB 43297 28 14 confined confine VBN 43297 28 15 to to IN 43297 28 16 the the DT 43297 28 17 more more RBR 43297 28 18 civilized civilized JJ 43297 28 19 nations nation NNS 43297 28 20 . . . 43297 29 1 The the DT 43297 29 2 term term NN 43297 29 3 _ _ NNP 43297 29 4 clay clay NN 43297 29 5 _ _ NNP 43297 29 6 ( ( -LRB- 43297 29 7 A.S. A.S. NNP 43297 29 8 _ _ NNP 43297 29 9 cloeg cloeg NN 43297 29 10 _ _ NNP 43297 29 11 ; ; : 43297 29 12 Welsh Welsh NNP 43297 29 13 _ _ NNP 43297 29 14 clai clai NN 43297 29 15 _ _ NNP 43297 29 16 ; ; : 43297 29 17 Dutch Dutch NNP 43297 29 18 _ _ NNP 43297 29 19 kley kley NN 43297 29 20 _ _ NNP 43297 29 21 ) ) -RRB- 43297 29 22 although although IN 43297 29 23 used use VBN 43297 29 24 in in IN 43297 29 25 a a DT 43297 29 26 scientific scientific JJ 43297 29 27 sense sense NN 43297 29 28 to to TO 43297 29 29 include include VB 43297 29 30 a a DT 43297 29 31 variety variety NN 43297 29 32 of of IN 43297 29 33 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 29 34 earths earth NNS 43297 29 35 ( ( -LRB- 43297 29 36 Fr Fr NNP 43297 29 37 . . . 43297 30 1 _ _ NNP 43297 30 2 argile argile NNP 43297 30 3 _ _ NNP 43297 30 4 = = SYM 43297 30 5 clay clay NN 43297 30 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 30 7 used use VBN 43297 30 8 in in IN 43297 30 9 the the DT 43297 30 10 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 30 11 of of IN 43297 30 12 bricks brick NNS 43297 30 13 , , , 43297 30 14 tiles tile NNS 43297 30 15 , , , 43297 30 16 pottery pottery NN 43297 30 17 and and CC 43297 30 18 ceramic ceramic JJ 43297 30 19 products product NNS 43297 30 20 ( ( -LRB- 43297 30 21 Gr Gr NNP 43297 30 22 . . . 43297 31 1 _ _ NNP 43297 31 2 keramos keramos NNP 43297 31 3 _ _ NNP 43297 31 4 = = SYM 43297 31 5 potter potter NN 43297 31 6 's 's POS 43297 31 7 earth earth NN 43297 31 8 ) ) -RRB- 43297 31 9 generally generally RB 43297 31 10 , , , 43297 31 11 is be VBZ 43297 31 12 really really RB 43297 31 13 a a DT 43297 31 14 word word NN 43297 31 15 of of IN 43297 31 16 popular popular JJ 43297 31 17 origin origin NN 43297 31 18 and and CC 43297 31 19 use use NN 43297 31 20 . . . 43297 32 1 Consequently consequently RB 43297 32 2 , , , 43297 32 3 it -PRON- PRP 43297 32 4 is be VBZ 43297 32 5 necessary necessary JJ 43297 32 6 to to TO 43297 32 7 bear bear VB 43297 32 8 in in IN 43297 32 9 mind mind NN 43297 32 10 , , , 43297 32 11 when when WRB 43297 32 12 considering consider VBG 43297 32 13 geological geological JJ 43297 32 14 or or CC 43297 32 15 other other JJ 43297 32 16 problems problem NNS 43297 32 17 of of IN 43297 32 18 a a DT 43297 32 19 scientific scientific JJ 43297 32 20 nature nature NN 43297 32 21 , , , 43297 32 22 that that IN 43297 32 23 this this DT 43297 32 24 term term NN 43297 32 25 has have VBZ 43297 32 26 been be VBN 43297 32 27 incorporated incorporate VBN 43297 32 28 into into IN 43297 32 29 scientific scientific JJ 43297 32 30 terminology terminology NN 43297 32 31 and and CC 43297 32 32 that that IN 43297 32 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 32 34 use use NN 43297 32 35 in in IN 43297 32 36 this this DT 43297 32 37 connection connection NN 43297 32 38 not not RB 43297 32 39 infrequently infrequently RB 43297 32 40 leads lead VBZ 43297 32 41 to to IN 43297 32 42 confusion confusion NN 43297 32 43 . . . 43297 33 1 In in IN 43297 33 2 short short JJ 43297 33 3 , , , 43297 33 4 whilst whilst IN 43297 33 5 almost almost RB 43297 33 6 every every DT 43297 33 7 dictionary dictionary NN 43297 33 8 includes include VBZ 43297 33 9 one one CD 43297 33 10 or or CC 43297 33 11 more more JJR 43297 33 12 definitions definition NNS 43297 33 13 of of IN 43297 33 14 clay clay NN 43297 33 15 , , , 43297 33 16 and and CC 43297 33 17 most most JJS 43297 33 18 text text NN 43297 33 19 - - HYPH 43297 33 20 books book NNS 43297 33 21 on on IN 43297 33 22 geology geology NN 43297 33 23 , , , 43297 33 24 mineralogy mineralogy NN 43297 33 25 , , , 43297 33 26 and and CC 43297 33 27 allied ally VBD 43297 33 28 sciences science NNS 43297 33 29 either either CC 43297 33 30 attempt attempt VBP 43297 33 31 a a DT 43297 33 32 definition definition NN 43297 33 33 or or CC 43297 33 34 assume assume VB 43297 33 35 the the DT 43297 33 36 reader reader NN 43297 33 37 's 's POS 43297 33 38 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 33 39 of of IN 43297 33 40 one one CD 43297 33 41 , , , 43297 33 42 there there EX 43297 33 43 is be VBZ 43297 33 44 no no DT 43297 33 45 entirely entirely RB 43297 33 46 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 33 47 limitation limitation NN 43297 33 48 in in IN 43297 33 49 regard regard NN 43297 33 50 to to IN 43297 33 51 the the DT 43297 33 52 substances substance NNS 43297 33 53 which which WDT 43297 33 54 may may MD 43297 33 55 or or CC 43297 33 56 may may MD 43297 33 57 not not RB 43297 33 58 be be VB 43297 33 59 included include VBN 43297 33 60 under under IN 43297 33 61 the the DT 43297 33 62 term term NN 43297 33 63 . . . 43297 34 1 _ _ NNP 43297 34 2 Clay Clay NNP 43297 34 3 _ _ NNP 43297 34 4 is be VBZ 43297 34 5 a a DT 43297 34 6 popular popular JJ 43297 34 7 term term NN 43297 34 8 for for IN 43297 34 9 a a DT 43297 34 10 variety variety NN 43297 34 11 of of IN 43297 34 12 substances substance NNS 43297 34 13 of of IN 43297 34 14 very very RB 43297 34 15 varied varied JJ 43297 34 16 origins origin NNS 43297 34 17 , , , 43297 34 18 of of IN 43297 34 19 great great JJ 43297 34 20 dissimilarity dissimilarity NN 43297 34 21 in in IN 43297 34 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 34 23 composition composition NN 43297 34 24 and and CC 43297 34 25 in in IN 43297 34 26 many many JJ 43297 34 27 of of IN 43297 34 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 34 29 chemical chemical NN 43297 34 30 and and CC 43297 34 31 physical physical JJ 43297 34 32 properties property NNS 43297 34 33 , , , 43297 34 34 and and CC 43297 34 35 differing differ VBG 43297 34 36 greatly greatly RB 43297 34 37 in in IN 43297 34 38 almost almost RB 43297 34 39 every every DT 43297 34 40 conceivable conceivable JJ 43297 34 41 respect respect NN 43297 34 42 . . . 43297 35 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 35 2 is be VBZ 43297 35 3 commonly commonly RB 43297 35 4 supposed suppose VBN 43297 35 5 that that IN 43297 35 6 all all DT 43297 35 7 clays clay NNS 43297 35 8 are be VBP 43297 35 9 plastic plastic JJ 43297 35 10 , , , 43297 35 11 but but CC 43297 35 12 some some DT 43297 35 13 of of IN 43297 35 14 the the DT 43297 35 15 purest pure JJS 43297 35 16 china china NNP 43297 35 17 clays clay NNS 43297 35 18 are be VBP 43297 35 19 almost almost RB 43297 35 20 devoid devoid JJ 43297 35 21 of of IN 43297 35 22 this this DT 43297 35 23 property property NN 43297 35 24 and and CC 43297 35 25 some some DT 43297 35 26 of of IN 43297 35 27 the the DT 43297 35 28 most most JJS 43297 35 29 impure impure NN 43297 35 30 earths earth NNS 43297 35 31 used use VBN 43297 35 32 for for IN 43297 35 33 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 35 34 possess possess NN 43297 35 35 it -PRON- PRP 43297 35 36 in in IN 43297 35 37 a a DT 43297 35 38 striking striking JJ 43297 35 39 degree degree NN 43297 35 40 . . . 43297 36 1 Shales Shales NNP 43297 36 2 , , , 43297 36 3 on on IN 43297 36 4 the the DT 43297 36 5 one one CD 43297 36 6 hand hand NN 43297 36 7 -- -- : 43297 36 8 whilst whilst IN 43297 36 9 clearly clearly RB 43297 36 10 a a DT 43297 36 11 variety variety NN 43297 36 12 of of IN 43297 36 13 clay clay NN 43297 36 14 -- -- : 43297 36 15 are be VBP 43297 36 16 hard hard JJ 43297 36 17 and and CC 43297 36 18 rock rock NN 43297 36 19 - - HYPH 43297 36 20 like like JJ 43297 36 21 , , , 43297 36 22 requiring require VBG 43297 36 23 to to TO 43297 36 24 be be VB 43297 36 25 reduced reduce VBN 43297 36 26 to to IN 43297 36 27 powder powder NN 43297 36 28 and and CC 43297 36 29 very very RB 43297 36 30 thoroughly thoroughly RB 43297 36 31 mixed mix VBN 43297 36 32 with with IN 43297 36 33 water water NN 43297 36 34 before before IN 43297 36 35 they -PRON- PRP 43297 36 36 become become VBP 43297 36 37 plastic plastic NN 43297 36 38 ; ; : 43297 36 39 many many JJ 43297 36 40 impure impure NN 43297 36 41 surface surface NN 43297 36 42 deposits deposit NNS 43297 36 43 , , , 43297 36 44 on on IN 43297 36 45 the the DT 43297 36 46 other other JJ 43297 36 47 hand hand NN 43297 36 48 , , , 43297 36 49 are be VBP 43297 36 50 so so RB 43297 36 51 highly highly RB 43297 36 52 plastic plastic JJ 43297 36 53 as as IN 43297 36 54 to to TO 43297 36 55 necessitate necessitate VB 43297 36 56 the the DT 43297 36 57 addition addition NN 43297 36 58 of of IN 43297 36 59 other other JJ 43297 36 60 ( ( -LRB- 43297 36 61 sandy sandy NNP 43297 36 62 ) ) -RRB- 43297 36 63 materials material NNS 43297 36 64 before before IN 43297 36 65 they -PRON- PRP 43297 36 66 can can MD 43297 36 67 be be VB 43297 36 68 used use VBN 43297 36 69 for for IN 43297 36 70 the the DT 43297 36 71 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 36 72 of of IN 43297 36 73 bricks brick NNS 43297 36 74 and and CC 43297 36 75 tiles tile NNS 43297 36 76 . . . 43297 37 1 Attempts attempt NNS 43297 37 2 have have VBP 43297 37 3 been be VBN 43297 37 4 made make VBN 43297 37 5 to to TO 43297 37 6 include include VB 43297 37 7 in in IN 43297 37 8 the the DT 43297 37 9 term term NN 43297 37 10 clay clay NN 43297 37 11 ' ' `` 43297 37 12 all all DT 43297 37 13 minerals mineral NNS 43297 37 14 capable capable JJ 43297 37 15 of of IN 43297 37 16 becoming become VBG 43297 37 17 plastic plastic NN 43297 37 18 when when WRB 43297 37 19 moistened moisten VBN 43297 37 20 or or CC 43297 37 21 mixed mix VBN 43297 37 22 with with IN 43297 37 23 a a DT 43297 37 24 suitable suitable JJ 43297 37 25 quantity quantity NN 43297 37 26 of of IN 43297 37 27 water water NN 43297 37 28 , , , 43297 37 29 ' ' '' 43297 37 30 but but CC 43297 37 31 this this DT 43297 37 32 definition definition NN 43297 37 33 is be VBZ 43297 37 34 so so RB 43297 37 35 wide wide JJ 43297 37 36 as as IN 43297 37 37 to to TO 43297 37 38 be be VB 43297 37 39 almost almost RB 43297 37 40 impracticable impracticable JJ 43297 37 41 , , , 43297 37 42 and and CC 43297 37 43 leads lead VBZ 43297 37 44 to to IN 43297 37 45 the the DT 43297 37 46 inclusion inclusion NN 43297 37 47 of of IN 43297 37 48 many many JJ 43297 37 49 substances substance NNS 43297 37 50 which which WDT 43297 37 51 have have VBP 43297 37 52 no no DT 43297 37 53 real real JJ 43297 37 54 connection connection NN 43297 37 55 with with IN 43297 37 56 clays clay NNS 43297 37 57 . . . 43297 38 1 The the DT 43297 38 2 limitation limitation NN 43297 38 3 of of IN 43297 38 4 the the DT 43297 38 5 use use NN 43297 38 6 of of IN 43297 38 7 the the DT 43297 38 8 word word NN 43297 38 9 ' ' `` 43297 38 10 clay clay NN 43297 38 11 ' ' '' 43297 38 12 to to IN 43297 38 13 the the DT 43297 38 14 plastic plastic NN 43297 38 15 or or CC 43297 38 16 potentially potentially RB 43297 38 17 plastic plastic JJ 43297 38 18 materials material NNS 43297 38 19 of of IN 43297 38 20 any any DT 43297 38 21 single single JJ 43297 38 22 geological geological JJ 43297 38 23 epoch epoch NN 43297 38 24 is be VBZ 43297 38 25 also also RB 43297 38 26 impracticable impracticable JJ 43297 38 27 , , , 43297 38 28 for for IN 43297 38 29 clays clay NNS 43297 38 30 appear appear VBP 43297 38 31 to to TO 43297 38 32 have have VB 43297 38 33 been be VBN 43297 38 34 deposited deposit VBN 43297 38 35 in in IN 43297 38 36 almost almost RB 43297 38 37 every every DT 43297 38 38 geological geological JJ 43297 38 39 period period NN 43297 38 40 , , , 43297 38 41 though though IN 43297 38 42 there there EX 43297 38 43 is be VBZ 43297 38 44 some some DT 43297 38 45 difference difference NN 43297 38 46 of of IN 43297 38 47 opinion opinion NN 43297 38 48 as as IN 43297 38 49 to to IN 43297 38 50 the the DT 43297 38 51 time time NN 43297 38 52 of of IN 43297 38 53 the the DT 43297 38 54 formation formation NN 43297 38 55 of of IN 43297 38 56 certain certain JJ 43297 38 57 clays clay NNS 43297 38 58 known know VBN 43297 38 59 as as IN 43297 38 60 _ _ NNP 43297 38 61 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 38 62 _ _ NNP 43297 38 63 . . . 43297 39 1 Clay Clay NNP 43297 39 2 is be VBZ 43297 39 3 not not RB 43297 39 4 infrequently infrequently RB 43297 39 5 termed term VBN 43297 39 6 a a DT 43297 39 7 _ _ NNP 43297 39 8 mineral mineral NN 43297 39 9 _ _ NNP 43297 39 10 , , , 43297 39 11 but but CC 43297 39 12 this this DT 43297 39 13 does do VBZ 43297 39 14 not not RB 43297 39 15 apply apply VB 43297 39 16 at at RB 43297 39 17 all all RB 43297 39 18 accurately accurately RB 43297 39 19 to to IN 43297 39 20 the the DT 43297 39 21 many many JJ 43297 39 22 varieties variety NNS 43297 39 23 of of IN 43297 39 24 earths earth NNS 43297 39 25 known know VBN 43297 39 26 as as IN 43297 39 27 ' ' `` 43297 39 28 common common JJ 43297 39 29 clays clay NNS 43297 39 30 , , , 43297 39 31 ' ' '' 43297 39 32 which which WDT 43297 39 33 , , , 43297 39 34 together together RB 43297 39 35 with with IN 43297 39 36 the the DT 43297 39 37 ' ' `` 43297 39 38 boulder boulder NN 43297 39 39 clays clay NNS 43297 39 40 , , , 43297 39 41 ' ' '' 43297 39 42 contain contain VBP 43297 39 43 many many JJ 43297 39 44 minerals mineral NNS 43297 39 45 and and CC 43297 39 46 so so RB 43297 39 47 can can MD 43297 39 48 not not RB 43297 39 49 , , , 43297 39 50 as as IN 43297 39 51 a a DT 43297 39 52 whole whole NN 43297 39 53 , , , 43297 39 54 be be VB 43297 39 55 included include VBN 43297 39 56 under under IN 43297 39 57 this this DT 43297 39 58 term term NN 43297 39 59 . . . 43297 40 1 Whatever whatever WDT 43297 40 2 may may MD 43297 40 3 be be VB 43297 40 4 the the DT 43297 40 5 legal legal JJ 43297 40 6 significance significance NN 43297 40 7 of of IN 43297 40 8 the the DT 43297 40 9 term term NN 43297 40 10 ' ' POS 43297 40 11 mineral'--which mineral'--which NN 43297 40 12 has have VBZ 43297 40 13 an an DT 43297 40 14 important important JJ 43297 40 15 economic economic JJ 43297 40 16 bearing bearing NN 43297 40 17 on on IN 43297 40 18 account account NN 43297 40 19 of of IN 43297 40 20 minerals mineral NNS 43297 40 21 being be VBG 43297 40 22 taxed tax VBN 43297 40 23 or or CC 43297 40 24 ' ' `` 43297 40 25 reserved reserve VBN 43297 40 26 ' ' '' 43297 40 27 in in IN 43297 40 28 some some DT 43297 40 29 instances instance NNS 43297 40 30 where where WRB 43297 40 31 non non JJ 43297 40 32 - - NNS 43297 40 33 minerals mineral NNS 43297 40 34 ( ( -LRB- 43297 40 35 including include VBG 43297 40 36 brick brick NN 43297 40 37 clay clay NN 43297 40 38 ) ) -RRB- 43297 40 39 are be VBP 43297 40 40 exempt exempt JJ 43297 40 41 -- -- : 43297 40 42 there there EX 43297 40 43 can can MD 43297 40 44 be be VB 43297 40 45 no no DT 43297 40 46 doubt doubt NN 43297 40 47 that that IN 43297 40 48 , , , 43297 40 49 scientifically scientifically RB 43297 40 50 , , , 43297 40 51 clay clay NN 43297 40 52 is be VBZ 43297 40 53 _ _ NNP 43297 40 54 not not RB 43297 40 55 a a DT 43297 40 56 mineral mineral NN 43297 40 57 but but CC 43297 40 58 a a DT 43297 40 59 rock rock NN 43297 40 60 _ _ NNP 43297 40 61 . . . 43297 41 1 Whatever whatever WDT 43297 41 2 mineral mineral NN 43297 41 3 ( ( -LRB- 43297 41 4 if if IN 43297 41 5 any any DT 43297 41 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 41 7 may may MD 43297 41 8 give give VB 43297 41 9 the the DT 43297 41 10 chief chief JJ 43297 41 11 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 41 12 property property NN 43297 41 13 to to IN 43297 41 14 the the DT 43297 41 15 clays clay NNS 43297 41 16 as as IN 43297 41 17 a a DT 43297 41 18 class class NN 43297 41 19 must must MD 43297 41 20 be be VB 43297 41 21 designated designate VBN 43297 41 22 by by IN 43297 41 23 a a DT 43297 41 24 special special JJ 43297 41 25 title title NN 43297 41 26 , , , 43297 41 27 for for IN 43297 41 28 the the DT 43297 41 29 general general JJ 43297 41 30 term term NN 43297 41 31 ' ' `` 43297 41 32 clay clay NN 43297 41 33 ' ' '' 43297 41 34 will will MD 43297 41 35 not not RB 43297 41 36 serve serve VB 43297 41 37 for for IN 43297 41 38 this this DT 43297 41 39 purpose purpose NN 43297 41 40 . . . 43297 42 1 Geologically geologically RB 43297 42 2 , , , 43297 42 3 the the DT 43297 42 4 clays clay NNS 43297 42 5 are be VBP 43297 42 6 sedimentary sedimentary JJ 43297 42 7 rocks rock NNS 43297 42 8 , , , 43297 42 9 some some DT 43297 42 10 being be VBG 43297 42 11 unaltered unaltered JJ 43297 42 12 , , , 43297 42 13 whilst whilst IN 43297 42 14 others other NNS 43297 42 15 -- -- : 43297 42 16 the the DT 43297 42 17 slates slate NNS 43297 42 18 -- -- : 43297 42 19 are be VBP 43297 42 20 notably notably RB 43297 42 21 metamorphosed metamorphose VBN 43297 42 22 and and CC 43297 42 23 can can MD 43297 42 24 seldom seldom RB 43297 42 25 be be VB 43297 42 26 used use VBN 43297 42 27 for for IN 43297 42 28 the the DT 43297 42 29 purposes purpose NNS 43297 42 30 for for IN 43297 42 31 which which WDT 43297 42 32 clays clay NNS 43297 42 33 are be VBP 43297 42 34 employed employ VBN 43297 42 35 . . . 43297 43 1 Most Most JJS 43297 43 2 clays clay NNS 43297 43 3 may may MD 43297 43 4 be be VB 43297 43 5 regarded regard VBN 43297 43 6 as as IN 43297 43 7 a a DT 43297 43 8 mixture mixture NN 43297 43 9 of of IN 43297 43 10 quartz quartz NN 43297 43 11 grains grain NNS 43297 43 12 , , , 43297 43 13 undecomposed undecompose VBD 43297 43 14 rock rock NN 43297 43 15 débris débris NN 43297 43 16 and and CC 43297 43 17 various various JJ 43297 43 18 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 43 19 products product NNS 43297 43 20 of of IN 43297 43 21 rocks rock NNS 43297 43 22 ; ; : 43297 43 23 if if IN 43297 43 24 the the DT 43297 43 25 last last RB 43297 43 26 - - HYPH 43297 43 27 named name VBN 43297 43 28 consists consist VBZ 43297 43 29 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 43 30 of of IN 43297 43 31 certain certain JJ 43297 43 32 hydrous hydrous JJ 43297 43 33 alumino alumino NNP 43297 43 34 - - HYPH 43297 43 35 silicates silicate NNS 43297 43 36 , , , 43297 43 37 they -PRON- PRP 43297 43 38 may may MD 43297 43 39 be be VB 43297 43 40 termed term VBN 43297 43 41 ' ' POS 43297 43 42 clay clay NN 43297 43 43 substance substance NN 43297 43 44 ' ' '' 43297 43 45 ( ( -LRB- 43297 43 46 see see VB 43297 43 47 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 43 48 VI VI NNP 43297 43 49 . . . 43297 44 1 The the DT 43297 44 2 imperfections imperfection NNS 43297 44 3 of of IN 43297 44 4 this this DT 43297 44 5 statement statement NN 43297 44 6 as as IN 43297 44 7 a a DT 43297 44 8 definition definition NN 43297 44 9 are be VBP 43297 44 10 obvious obvious JJ 43297 44 11 when when WRB 43297 44 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 44 13 is be VBZ 43297 44 14 remembered remember VBN 43297 44 15 that that IN 43297 44 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 44 17 may may MD 43297 44 18 include include VB 43297 44 19 a a DT 43297 44 20 mixture mixture NN 43297 44 21 of of IN 43297 44 22 fine fine JJ 43297 44 23 sand sand NN 43297 44 24 and and CC 43297 44 25 clay clay NN 43297 44 26 containing contain VBG 43297 44 27 only only RB 43297 44 28 30 30 CD 43297 44 29 per per NN 43297 44 30 cent cent NN 43297 44 31 . . . 43297 45 1 of of IN 43297 45 2 the the DT 43297 45 3 latter latter JJ 43297 45 4 substance substance NN 43297 45 5 . . . 43297 46 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 46 2 is be VBZ 43297 46 3 , , , 43297 46 4 at at IN 43297 46 5 the the DT 43297 46 6 present present JJ 43297 46 7 time time NN 43297 46 8 , , , 43297 46 9 quite quite RB 43297 46 10 impossible impossible JJ 43297 46 11 to to TO 43297 46 12 construct construct VB 43297 46 13 an an DT 43297 46 14 accurate accurate JJ 43297 46 15 definition definition NN 43297 46 16 of of IN 43297 46 17 the the DT 43297 46 18 term term NN 43297 46 19 ' ' POS 43297 46 20 clay clay NN 43297 46 21 . . . 43297 46 22 ' ' '' 43297 47 1 The the DT 43297 47 2 most most RBS 43297 47 3 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 47 4 hitherto hitherto VBN 43297 47 5 published published JJ 43297 47 6 defines define NNS 43297 47 7 ' ' POS 43297 47 8 clay clay NN 43297 47 9 ' ' '' 43297 47 10 as as IN 43297 47 11 ' ' '' 43297 47 12 a a DT 43297 47 13 solid solid JJ 43297 47 14 rock rock NN 43297 47 15 composed compose VBN 43297 47 16 mainly mainly RB 43297 47 17 of of IN 43297 47 18 hydro hydro NNP 43297 47 19 - - HYPH 43297 47 20 alumino alumino NNP 43297 47 21 - - HYPH 43297 47 22 silicates silicate NNS 43297 47 23 or or CC 43297 47 24 alumino alumino NNP 43297 47 25 - - HYPH 43297 47 26 silicic silicic NN 43297 47 27 acids acid NNS 43297 47 28 , , , 43297 47 29 but but CC 43297 47 30 often often RB 43297 47 31 containing contain VBG 43297 47 32 large large JJ 43297 47 33 proportions proportion NNS 43297 47 34 of of IN 43297 47 35 other other JJ 43297 47 36 materials material NNS 43297 47 37 ; ; : 43297 47 38 the the DT 43297 47 39 whole whole NN 43297 47 40 possessing possess VBG 43297 47 41 the the DT 43297 47 42 property property NN 43297 47 43 of of IN 43297 47 44 becoming become VBG 43297 47 45 plastic plastic NN 43297 47 46 when when WRB 43297 47 47 treated treat VBN 43297 47 48 with with IN 43297 47 49 water water NN 43297 47 50 , , , 43297 47 51 and and CC 43297 47 52 of of IN 43297 47 53 hardening harden VBG 43297 47 54 to to IN 43297 47 55 a a DT 43297 47 56 stone stone NN 43297 47 57 - - HYPH 43297 47 58 like like JJ 43297 47 59 mass mass NN 43297 47 60 when when WRB 43297 47 61 heated heat VBN 43297 47 62 to to IN 43297 47 63 redness redness NN 43297 47 64 . . . 43297 47 65 ' ' '' 43297 48 1 From from IN 43297 48 2 what what WP 43297 48 3 has have VBZ 43297 48 4 already already RB 43297 48 5 been be VBN 43297 48 6 written write VBN 43297 48 7 , , , 43297 48 8 it -PRON- PRP 43297 48 9 will will MD 43297 48 10 be be VB 43297 48 11 understood understand VBN 43297 48 12 that that IN 43297 48 13 there there EX 43297 48 14 is be VBZ 43297 48 15 no no DT 43297 48 16 such such JJ 43297 48 17 entity entity NN 43297 48 18 as as IN 43297 48 19 a a DT 43297 48 20 standard standard JJ 43297 48 21 clay clay NN 43297 48 22 , , , 43297 48 23 for for IN 43297 48 24 the the DT 43297 48 25 varieties variety NNS 43297 48 26 are be VBP 43297 48 27 almost almost RB 43297 48 28 endless endless JJ 43297 48 29 , , , 43297 48 30 and and CC 43297 48 31 the the DT 43297 48 32 differences difference NNS 43297 48 33 between between IN 43297 48 34 them -PRON- PRP 43297 48 35 are be VBP 43297 48 36 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 48 37 so so RB 43297 48 38 slight slight JJ 43297 48 39 as as IN 43297 48 40 to to TO 43297 48 41 be be VB 43297 48 42 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 48 43 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 43297 48 44 . . . 43297 49 1 A a DT 43297 49 2 further further JJ 43297 49 3 consideration consideration NN 43297 49 4 of of IN 43297 49 5 this this DT 43297 49 6 branch branch NN 43297 49 7 of of IN 43297 49 8 the the DT 43297 49 9 subject subject NN 43297 49 10 may may MD 43297 49 11 , , , 43297 49 12 however however RB 43297 49 13 , , , 43297 49 14 conveniently conveniently RB 43297 49 15 be be VB 43297 49 16 deferred defer VBN 43297 49 17 to to IN 43297 49 18 a a DT 43297 49 19 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 49 20 chapter chapter NN 43297 49 21 . . . 43297 50 1 The the DT 43297 50 2 best well RBS 43297 50 3 - - HYPH 43297 50 4 known know VBN 43297 50 5 clays clay NNS 43297 50 6 are be VBP 43297 50 7 the the DT 43297 50 8 surface surface NN 43297 50 9 clays clay NNS 43297 50 10 , , , 43297 50 11 loams loam NNS 43297 50 12 and and CC 43297 50 13 marls marls NNP 43297 50 14 , , , 43297 50 15 the the DT 43297 50 16 shales shale NNS 43297 50 17 and and CC 43297 50 18 other other JJ 43297 50 19 sub sub JJ 43297 50 20 - - JJ 43297 50 21 surface surface NN 43297 50 22 clays clay NNS 43297 50 23 , , , 43297 50 24 and and CC 43297 50 25 the the DT 43297 50 26 pottery pottery NN 43297 50 27 and and CC 43297 50 28 china china NNP 43297 50 29 clays clay NNS 43297 50 30 . . . 43297 51 1 The the DT 43297 51 2 values value NNS 43297 51 3 of of IN 43297 51 4 these these DT 43297 51 5 different different JJ 43297 51 6 materials material NNS 43297 51 7 vary vary VBP 43297 51 8 enormously enormously RB 43297 51 9 , , , 43297 51 10 some some DT 43297 51 11 being be VBG 43297 51 12 almost almost RB 43297 51 13 worthless worthless JJ 43297 51 14 whilst whilst IN 43297 51 15 others other NNS 43297 51 16 are be VBP 43297 51 17 highly highly RB 43297 51 18 valued value VBN 43297 51 19 . . . 43297 52 1 The the DT 43297 52 2 _ _ NNP 43297 52 3 surface surface NN 43297 52 4 clays clay NNS 43297 52 5 _ _ NNP 43297 52 6 are be VBP 43297 52 7 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 52 8 used use VBN 43297 52 9 for for IN 43297 52 10 the the DT 43297 52 11 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 52 12 of of IN 43297 52 13 bricks brick NNS 43297 52 14 and and CC 43297 52 15 tiles tile NNS 43297 52 16 ( ( -LRB- 43297 52 17 though though IN 43297 52 18 some some DT 43297 52 19 are be VBP 43297 52 20 quite quite RB 43297 52 21 unsuitable unsuitable JJ 43297 52 22 for for IN 43297 52 23 this this DT 43297 52 24 purpose purpose NN 43297 52 25 ) ) -RRB- 43297 52 26 and and CC 43297 52 27 form form VB 43297 52 28 the the DT 43297 52 29 soil soil NN 43297 52 30 employed employ VBN 43297 52 31 in in IN 43297 52 32 agriculture agriculture NN 43297 52 33 in in IN 43297 52 34 many many JJ 43297 52 35 districts district NNS 43297 52 36 . . . 43297 53 1 The the DT 43297 53 2 _ _ NNP 43297 53 3 sub sub NN 43297 53 4 - - HYPH 43297 53 5 surface surface NN 43297 53 6 clays clay NNS 43297 53 7 _ _ NNP 43297 53 8 and and CC 43297 53 9 _ _ NNP 43297 53 10 shales shale NNS 43297 53 11 _ _ NNP 43297 53 12 are be VBP 43297 53 13 harder hard JJR 43297 53 14 , , , 43297 53 15 and and CC 43297 53 16 usually usually RB 43297 53 17 require require VBP 43297 53 18 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 53 19 treatment treatment NN 43297 53 20 before before IN 43297 53 21 they -PRON- PRP 43297 53 22 can can MD 43297 53 23 be be VB 43297 53 24 used use VBN 43297 53 25 for for IN 43297 53 26 brick brick NN 43297 53 27 and and CC 43297 53 28 terra terra NN 43297 53 29 - - HYPH 43297 53 30 cotta cotta NNP 43297 53 31 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 53 32 , , , 43297 53 33 or or CC 43297 53 34 for for IN 43297 53 35 the the DT 43297 53 36 production production NN 43297 53 37 of of IN 43297 53 38 refractory refractory JJ 43297 53 39 and and CC 43297 53 40 sanitary sanitary JJ 43297 53 41 articles article NNS 43297 53 42 . . . 43297 54 1 The the DT 43297 54 2 _ _ NNP 43297 54 3 pottery pottery NN 43297 54 4 and and CC 43297 54 5 china china NNP 43297 54 6 clays clay NNS 43297 54 7 _ _ NNP 43297 54 8 are be VBP 43297 54 9 usually usually RB 43297 54 10 more more RBR 43297 54 11 free free JJ 43297 54 12 from from IN 43297 54 13 accessory accessory JJ 43297 54 14 constituents constituent NNS 43297 54 15 , , , 43297 54 16 and and CC 43297 54 17 are be VBP 43297 54 18 regarded regard VBN 43297 54 19 as as IN 43297 54 20 the the DT 43297 54 21 ' ' `` 43297 54 22 purest pure JJS 43297 54 23 ' ' '' 43297 54 24 clays clay NNS 43297 54 25 on on IN 43297 54 26 the the DT 43297 54 27 market market NN 43297 54 28 , , , 43297 54 29 though though IN 43297 54 30 a a DT 43297 54 31 considerable considerable JJ 43297 54 32 amount amount NN 43297 54 33 of of IN 43297 54 34 latitude latitude NN 43297 54 35 must must MD 43297 54 36 be be VB 43297 54 37 allowed allow VBN 43297 54 38 in in IN 43297 54 39 interpreting interpret VBG 43297 54 40 the the DT 43297 54 41 term term NN 43297 54 42 ' ' `` 43297 54 43 pure pure JJ 43297 54 44 . . . 43297 54 45 ' ' '' 43297 55 1 China China NNP 43297 55 2 clays clay NNS 43297 55 3 are be VBP 43297 55 4 by by IN 43297 55 5 no no DT 43297 55 6 means means NN 43297 55 7 pure pure JJ 43297 55 8 in in IN 43297 55 9 the the DT 43297 55 10 state state NN 43297 55 11 in in IN 43297 55 12 which which WDT 43297 55 13 they -PRON- PRP 43297 55 14 occur occur VBP 43297 55 15 , , , 43297 55 16 and and CC 43297 55 17 require require VBP 43297 55 18 careful careful JJ 43297 55 19 treatment treatment NN 43297 55 20 before before IN 43297 55 21 they -PRON- PRP 43297 55 22 can can MD 43297 55 23 be be VB 43297 55 24 sold sell VBN 43297 55 25 . . . 43297 56 1 Further further JJ 43297 56 2 information information NN 43297 56 3 with with IN 43297 56 4 regard regard NN 43297 56 5 to to IN 43297 56 6 the the DT 43297 56 7 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 56 8 of of IN 43297 56 9 certain certain JJ 43297 56 10 clays clay NNS 43297 56 11 will will MD 43297 56 12 be be VB 43297 56 13 found find VBN 43297 56 14 in in IN 43297 56 15 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 56 16 V. V. NNP 43297 56 17 The the DT 43297 56 18 Chemical Chemical NNP 43297 56 19 Properties Properties NNPS 43297 56 20 of of IN 43297 56 21 Clay Clay NNP 43297 56 22 . . . 43297 57 1 The the DT 43297 57 2 chief chief JJ 43297 57 3 constituents constituent NNS 43297 57 4 of of IN 43297 57 5 all all DT 43297 57 6 clays clay NNS 43297 57 7 are be VBP 43297 57 8 alumina alumina NNP 43297 57 9 and and CC 43297 57 10 silica silica NNP 43297 57 11 , , , 43297 57 12 the the DT 43297 57 13 latter latter JJ 43297 57 14 being be VBG 43297 57 15 always always RB 43297 57 16 in in IN 43297 57 17 excess excess NN 43297 57 18 of of IN 43297 57 19 the the DT 43297 57 20 former former JJ 43297 57 21 . . . 43297 58 1 These these DT 43297 58 2 two two CD 43297 58 3 oxides oxide NNS 43297 58 4 are be VBP 43297 58 5 , , , 43297 58 6 apparently apparently RB 43297 58 7 , , , 43297 58 8 combined combine VBN 43297 58 9 to to TO 43297 58 10 form form VB 43297 58 11 a a DT 43297 58 12 hydro hydro NNP 43297 58 13 - - HYPH 43297 58 14 alumino alumino NNP 43297 58 15 - - HYPH 43297 58 16 silicate silicate NN 43297 58 17 or or CC 43297 58 18 alumino alumino JJ 43297 58 19 - - HYPH 43297 58 20 silicic silicic NN 43297 58 21 acid acid NN 43297 58 22 corresponding correspond VBG 43297 58 23 to to IN 43297 58 24 the the DT 43297 58 25 formula formula NN 43297 58 26 H4Al2Si2O9[1 h4al2si2o9[1 NN 43297 58 27 ] ] -RRB- 43297 58 28 , , , 43297 58 29 but but CC 43297 58 30 many many JJ 43297 58 31 clays clay NNS 43297 58 32 contain contain VBP 43297 58 33 a a DT 43297 58 34 much much RB 43297 58 35 larger large JJR 43297 58 36 proportion proportion NN 43297 58 37 of of IN 43297 58 38 silica silica NN 43297 58 39 than than IN 43297 58 40 is be VBZ 43297 58 41 required require VBN 43297 58 42 to to TO 43297 58 43 form form VB 43297 58 44 this this DT 43297 58 45 compound compound NN 43297 58 46 , , , 43297 58 47 and and CC 43297 58 48 other other JJ 43297 58 49 alumino alumino JJ 43297 58 50 - - HYPH 43297 58 51 silicates silicate NNS 43297 58 52 also also RB 43297 58 53 occur occur VBP 43297 58 54 in in IN 43297 58 55 them -PRON- PRP 43297 58 56 in in IN 43297 58 57 varying vary VBG 43297 58 58 proportions proportion NNS 43297 58 59 ( ( -LRB- 43297 58 60 see see VB 43297 58 61 Chapters Chapters NNP 43297 58 62 V V NNP 43297 58 63 and and CC 43297 58 64 VI VI NNP 43297 58 65 ) ) -RRB- 43297 58 66 . . . 43297 59 1 All all DT 43297 59 2 clays clay NNS 43297 59 3 may may MD 43297 59 4 , , , 43297 59 5 apparently apparently RB 43297 59 6 , , , 43297 59 7 be be VB 43297 59 8 regarded regard VBN 43297 59 9 as as IN 43297 59 10 consisting consist VBG 43297 59 11 of of IN 43297 59 12 a a DT 43297 59 13 mixture mixture NN 43297 59 14 of of IN 43297 59 15 one one CD 43297 59 16 or or CC 43297 59 17 more more RBR 43297 59 18 hydrous hydrous JJ 43297 59 19 alumino alumino JJ 43297 59 20 - - HYPH 43297 59 21 silicates silicate NNS 43297 59 22 with with IN 43297 59 23 free free JJ 43297 59 24 silica silica NN 43297 59 25 and and CC 43297 59 26 other other JJ 43297 59 27 non non JJ 43297 59 28 - - JJ 43297 59 29 plastic plastic JJ 43297 59 30 minerals mineral NNS 43297 59 31 or or CC 43297 59 32 rock rock NN 43297 59 33 granules granule NNS 43297 59 34 , , , 43297 59 35 and and CC 43297 59 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 59 37 chemical chemical NN 43297 59 38 properties property NNS 43297 59 39 are be VBP 43297 59 40 largely largely RB 43297 59 41 dependent dependent JJ 43297 59 42 on on IN 43297 59 43 the the DT 43297 59 44 nature nature NN 43297 59 45 and and CC 43297 59 46 proportion proportion NN 43297 59 47 of of IN 43297 59 48 these these DT 43297 59 49 accessory accessory JJ 43297 59 50 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 59 51 . . . 43297 60 1 The the DT 43297 60 2 purest pure JJS 43297 60 3 forms form NNS 43297 60 4 of of IN 43297 60 5 clay clay NNP 43297 60 6 ( ( -LRB- 43297 60 7 china china NNP 43297 60 8 clays clay NNS 43297 60 9 and and CC 43297 60 10 ball ball NN 43297 60 11 clays clay NNS 43297 60 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 60 13 approximate approximate JJ 43297 60 14 to to IN 43297 60 15 the the DT 43297 60 16 formula formula NN 43297 60 17 above above RB 43297 60 18 - - HYPH 43297 60 19 mentioned mention VBN 43297 60 20 , , , 43297 60 21 but but CC 43297 60 22 others other NNS 43297 60 23 differ differ VBP 43297 60 24 widely widely RB 43297 60 25 from from IN 43297 60 26 it -PRON- PRP 43297 60 27 , , , 43297 60 28 as as IN 43297 60 29 will will MD 43297 60 30 be be VB 43297 60 31 seen see VBN 43297 60 32 from from IN 43297 60 33 the the DT 43297 60 34 analyses analysis NNS 43297 60 35 on on IN 43297 60 36 p. p. NN 43297 60 37 16 16 CD 43297 60 38 . . . 43297 61 1 The the DT 43297 61 2 chemical chemical NN 43297 61 3 properties property NNS 43297 61 4 of of IN 43297 61 5 pure pure JJ 43297 61 6 clay clay NN 43297 61 7 are be VBP 43297 61 8 described describe VBN 43297 61 9 more more RBR 43297 61 10 fully fully RB 43297 61 11 in in IN 43297 61 12 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 61 13 VI VI NNP 43297 61 14 . . . 43297 62 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 62 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 62 3 1 1 CD 43297 62 4 : : : 43297 62 5 This this DT 43297 62 6 formula formula NN 43297 62 7 is be VBZ 43297 62 8 commonly commonly RB 43297 62 9 written write VBN 43297 62 10 Al2O33·2SiO2·2H2O al2o33·2sio2·2h2o CD 43297 62 11 , , , 43297 62 12 but but CC 43297 62 13 although although IN 43297 62 14 this this DT 43297 62 15 is be VBZ 43297 62 16 a a DT 43297 62 17 convenient convenient JJ 43297 62 18 arrangement arrangement NN 43297 62 19 , , , 43297 62 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 62 21 must must MD 43297 62 22 not not RB 43297 62 23 be be VB 43297 62 24 understood understand VBN 43297 62 25 to to TO 43297 62 26 mean mean VB 43297 62 27 that that IN 43297 62 28 clays clay NNS 43297 62 29 contain contain VBP 43297 62 30 water water NN 43297 62 31 in in IN 43297 62 32 a a DT 43297 62 33 state state NN 43297 62 34 of of IN 43297 62 35 combination combination NN 43297 62 36 similar similar JJ 43297 62 37 to to IN 43297 62 38 that that DT 43297 62 39 in in IN 43297 62 40 such such JJ 43297 62 41 substances substance NNS 43297 62 42 as as IN 43297 62 43 washing washing NN 43297 62 44 soda soda NN 43297 62 45 -- -- : 43297 62 46 Na2CO3·24H2O Na2CO3·24H2O NNP 43297 62 47 , , , 43297 62 48 or or CC 43297 62 49 zinc zinc NN 43297 62 50 sulphate sulphate NN 43297 62 51 crystals crystal NNS 43297 62 52 -- -- : 43297 62 53 ZnSO4·7H2O ZnSO4·7H2O NNP 43297 62 54 ( ( -LRB- 43297 62 55 see see VB 43297 62 56 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 62 57 VI VI NNP 43297 62 58 ) ) -RRB- 43297 62 59 . . . 43297 62 60 ] ] -RRB- 43297 63 1 Taking take VBG 43297 63 2 china china NNP 43297 63 3 clay clay NN 43297 63 4 , , , 43297 63 5 which which WDT 43297 63 6 has have VBZ 43297 63 7 been be VBN 43297 63 8 carefully carefully RB 43297 63 9 purified purify VBN 43297 63 10 by by IN 43297 63 11 levigation levigation NN 43297 63 12 , , , 43297 63 13 as as IN 43297 63 14 representative representative NN 43297 63 15 of of IN 43297 63 16 the the DT 43297 63 17 composition composition NN 43297 63 18 of of IN 43297 63 19 a a DT 43297 63 20 ' ' `` 43297 63 21 pure pure JJ 43297 63 22 ' ' '' 43297 63 23 clay clay NN 43297 63 24 , , , 43297 63 25 it -PRON- PRP 43297 63 26 will will MD 43297 63 27 be be VB 43297 63 28 found find VBN 43297 63 29 that that IN 43297 63 30 the the DT 43297 63 31 chief chief JJ 43297 63 32 impurities impurity NNS 43297 63 33 in in IN 43297 63 34 clays clay NNS 43297 63 35 are be VBP 43297 63 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 63 37 _ _ NNP 43297 63 38 a a DT 43297 63 39 _ _ NNP 43297 63 40 ) ) -RRB- 43297 63 41 stones stone NNS 43297 63 42 , , , 43297 63 43 gravel gravel NN 43297 63 44 and and CC 43297 63 45 sand sand NN 43297 63 46 -- -- : 43297 63 47 removable removable JJ 43297 63 48 by by IN 43297 63 49 washing wash VBG 43297 63 50 or or CC 43297 63 51 sifting sift VBG 43297 63 52 ; ; : 43297 63 53 ( ( -LRB- 43297 63 54 _ _ NNP 43297 63 55 b b NNP 43297 63 56 _ _ NNP 43297 63 57 ) ) -RRB- 43297 63 58 felspar felspar NNP 43297 63 59 , , , 43297 63 60 mica mica NNP 43297 63 61 and and CC 43297 63 62 other other JJ 43297 63 63 silicates silicate NNS 43297 63 64 and and CC 43297 63 65 free free JJ 43297 63 66 silica silica NN 43297 63 67 -- -- : 43297 63 68 which which WDT 43297 63 69 can can MD 43297 63 70 not not RB 43297 63 71 be be VB 43297 63 72 completely completely RB 43297 63 73 removed remove VBN 43297 63 74 without without IN 43297 63 75 affecting affect VBG 43297 63 76 the the DT 43297 63 77 clay clay NN 43297 63 78 and and CC 43297 63 79 ( ( -LRB- 43297 63 80 _ _ NNP 43297 63 81 c c NNP 43297 63 82 _ _ NNP 43297 63 83 ) ) -RRB- 43297 63 84 lime lime NNP 43297 63 85 , , , 43297 63 86 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 63 87 , , , 43297 63 88 iron iron NN 43297 63 89 , , , 43297 63 90 potash potash NN 43297 63 91 and and CC 43297 63 92 soda soda NN 43297 63 93 compounds compound NNS 43297 63 94 , , , 43297 63 95 together together RB 43297 63 96 with with IN 43297 63 97 minute minute JJ 43297 63 98 quantities quantity NNS 43297 63 99 of of IN 43297 63 100 other other JJ 43297 63 101 oxides oxide NNS 43297 63 102 , , , 43297 63 103 all all DT 43297 63 104 of of IN 43297 63 105 which which WDT 43297 63 106 appear appear VBP 43297 63 107 to to TO 43297 63 108 be be VB 43297 63 109 so so RB 43297 63 110 closely closely RB 43297 63 111 connected connected JJ 43297 63 112 with with IN 43297 63 113 the the DT 43297 63 114 clay clay NN 43297 63 115 as as IN 43297 63 116 to to TO 43297 63 117 be be VB 43297 63 118 incapable incapable JJ 43297 63 119 of of IN 43297 63 120 removal removal NN 43297 63 121 from from IN 43297 63 122 it -PRON- PRP 43297 63 123 by by IN 43297 63 124 any any DT 43297 63 125 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 63 126 methods method NNS 43297 63 127 of of IN 43297 63 128 purification purification NN 43297 63 129 . . . 43297 64 1 To to TO 43297 64 2 give give VB 43297 64 3 a a DT 43297 64 4 detailed detailed JJ 43297 64 5 description description NN 43297 64 6 of of IN 43297 64 7 the the DT 43297 64 8 effect effect NN 43297 64 9 of of IN 43297 64 10 each each DT 43297 64 11 of of IN 43297 64 12 the the DT 43297 64 13 impurities impurity NNS 43297 64 14 just just RB 43297 64 15 referred refer VBD 43297 64 16 to to TO 43297 64 17 would would MD 43297 64 18 necessitate necessitate VB 43297 64 19 a a DT 43297 64 20 much much RB 43297 64 21 larger large JJR 43297 64 22 volume volume NN 43297 64 23 than than IN 43297 64 24 the the DT 43297 64 25 present present NN 43297 64 26 , , , 43297 64 27 but but CC 43297 64 28 a a DT 43297 64 29 few few JJ 43297 64 30 brief brief JJ 43297 64 31 notes note NNS 43297 64 32 on on IN 43297 64 33 the the DT 43297 64 34 more more RBR 43297 64 35 important important JJ 43297 64 36 ones one NNS 43297 64 37 are be VBP 43297 64 38 essential essential JJ 43297 64 39 to to IN 43297 64 40 a a DT 43297 64 41 further further JJ 43297 64 42 consideration consideration NN 43297 64 43 of of IN 43297 64 44 the the DT 43297 64 45 natural natural JJ 43297 64 46 history history NN 43297 64 47 of of IN 43297 64 48 clay clay NN 43297 64 49 . . . 43297 65 1 _ _ NNP 43297 65 2 Stones Stones NNPS 43297 65 3 _ _ NNP 43297 65 4 , , , 43297 65 5 _ _ NNP 43297 65 6 gravel gravel NN 43297 65 7 _ _ NNP 43297 65 8 and and CC 43297 65 9 _ _ NNP 43297 65 10 sand sand NN 43297 65 11 _ _ NNP 43297 65 12 are be VBP 43297 65 13 most most RBS 43297 65 14 noticeable noticeable JJ 43297 65 15 in in IN 43297 65 16 the the DT 43297 65 17 boulder boulder NN 43297 65 18 clays clay NNS 43297 65 19 , , , 43297 65 20 but but CC 43297 65 21 they -PRON- PRP 43297 65 22 occur occur VBP 43297 65 23 in in IN 43297 65 24 clays clay NNS 43297 65 25 of of IN 43297 65 26 most most JJS 43297 65 27 geological geological JJ 43297 65 28 ages age NNS 43297 65 29 , , , 43297 65 30 though though IN 43297 65 31 in in IN 43297 65 32 very very JJ 43297 65 33 varying varying NN 43297 65 34 proportions proportion NNS 43297 65 35 . . . 43297 66 1 Sometimes sometimes RB 43297 66 2 the the DT 43297 66 3 stones stone NNS 43297 66 4 are be VBP 43297 66 5 so so RB 43297 66 6 large large JJ 43297 66 7 that that IN 43297 66 8 they -PRON- PRP 43297 66 9 may may MD 43297 66 10 be be VB 43297 66 11 readily readily RB 43297 66 12 picked pick VBN 43297 66 13 out out RP 43297 66 14 by by IN 43297 66 15 hand hand NN 43297 66 16 ; ; : 43297 66 17 in in IN 43297 66 18 any any DT 43297 66 19 case case NN 43297 66 20 the the DT 43297 66 21 stones stone NNS 43297 66 22 , , , 43297 66 23 gravel gravel NN 43297 66 24 and and CC 43297 66 25 most most JJS 43297 66 26 of of IN 43297 66 27 the the DT 43297 66 28 sand sand NN 43297 66 29 may may MD 43297 66 30 be be VB 43297 66 31 removed remove VBN 43297 66 32 by by IN 43297 66 33 mixing mix VBG 43297 66 34 the the DT 43297 66 35 material material NN 43297 66 36 with with IN 43297 66 37 a a DT 43297 66 38 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 66 39 quantity quantity NN 43297 66 40 of of IN 43297 66 41 water water NN 43297 66 42 and and CC 43297 66 43 passing pass VBG 43297 66 44 the the DT 43297 66 45 ' ' `` 43297 66 46 slip slip NN 43297 66 47 ' ' '' 43297 66 48 through through IN 43297 66 49 a a DT 43297 66 50 fine fine JJ 43297 66 51 sieve sieve NN 43297 66 52 , , , 43297 66 53 or or CC 43297 66 54 by by IN 43297 66 55 allowing allow VBG 43297 66 56 it -PRON- PRP 43297 66 57 to to TO 43297 66 58 remain remain VB 43297 66 59 stationary stationary JJ 43297 66 60 for for IN 43297 66 61 a a DT 43297 66 62 few few JJ 43297 66 63 moments moment NNS 43297 66 64 and and CC 43297 66 65 then then RB 43297 66 66 allowing allow VBG 43297 66 67 the the DT 43297 66 68 supernatant supernatant JJ 43297 66 69 liquid liquid NN 43297 66 70 to to TO 43297 66 71 run run VB 43297 66 72 off off RP 43297 66 73 into into IN 43297 66 74 a a DT 43297 66 75 settling settle VBG 43297 66 76 tank tank NN 43297 66 77 . . . 43297 67 1 Some some DT 43297 67 2 clays clay NNS 43297 67 3 contain contain VBP 43297 67 4 sand sand NN 43297 67 5 grains grain NNS 43297 67 6 which which WDT 43297 67 7 are be VBP 43297 67 8 so so RB 43297 67 9 fine fine JJ 43297 67 10 that that IN 43297 67 11 they -PRON- PRP 43297 67 12 can can MD 43297 67 13 not not RB 43297 67 14 be be VB 43297 67 15 removed remove VBN 43297 67 16 in in IN 43297 67 17 this this DT 43297 67 18 manner manner NN 43297 67 19 and and CC 43297 67 20 the the DT 43297 67 21 clay clay NN 43297 67 22 must must MD 43297 67 23 then then RB 43297 67 24 be be VB 43297 67 25 washed wash VBN 43297 67 26 out out RP 43297 67 27 by by IN 43297 67 28 a a DT 43297 67 29 stream stream NN 43297 67 30 of of IN 43297 67 31 water water NN 43297 67 32 with with IN 43297 67 33 a a DT 43297 67 34 velocity velocity NN 43297 67 35 not not RB 43297 67 36 exceeding exceed VBG 43297 67 37 2 2 CD 43297 67 38 ft ft NN 43297 67 39 . . NN 43297 67 40 per per IN 43297 67 41 hour hour NN 43297 67 42 . . . 43297 68 1 Even even RB 43297 68 2 then then RB 43297 68 3 , , , 43297 68 4 the the DT 43297 68 5 clay clay NN 43297 68 6 so so RB 43297 68 7 removed removed JJ 43297 68 8 may may MD 43297 68 9 be be VB 43297 68 10 found find VBN 43297 68 11 to to TO 43297 68 12 contain contain VB 43297 68 13 minute minute NN 43297 68 14 grains grain NNS 43297 68 15 of of IN 43297 68 16 silt silt NN 43297 68 17 , , , 43297 68 18 much much JJ 43297 68 19 of of IN 43297 68 20 which which WDT 43297 68 21 may may MD 43297 68 22 be be VB 43297 68 23 removed remove VBN 43297 68 24 by by IN 43297 68 25 a a DT 43297 68 26 series series NN 43297 68 27 of of IN 43297 68 28 sedimentations sedimentation NNS 43297 68 29 for for IN 43297 68 30 various various JJ 43297 68 31 periods period NNS 43297 68 32 , , , 43297 68 33 though though IN 43297 68 34 a a DT 43297 68 35 material material NN 43297 68 36 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 68 37 free free JJ 43297 68 38 from from IN 43297 68 39 non non JJ 43297 68 40 - - JJ 43297 68 41 plastic plastic JJ 43297 68 42 granules granule NNS 43297 68 43 may may MD 43297 68 44 be be VB 43297 68 45 unattainable unattainable JJ 43297 68 46 . . . 43297 69 1 Most Most JJS 43297 69 2 of of IN 43297 69 3 the the DT 43297 69 4 sand sand NN 43297 69 5 found find VBD 43297 69 6 associated associate VBN 43297 69 7 with with IN 43297 69 8 clays clay NNS 43297 69 9 is be VBZ 43297 69 10 in in IN 43297 69 11 the the DT 43297 69 12 form form NN 43297 69 13 of of IN 43297 69 14 fragments fragment NNS 43297 69 15 of of IN 43297 69 16 _ _ NNP 43297 69 17 quartz quartz NN 43297 69 18 _ _ NNP 43297 69 19 crystals crystal NNS 43297 69 20 ( ( -LRB- 43297 69 21 fig fig NN 43297 69 22 . . . 43297 70 1 1 1 LS 43297 70 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 70 3 , , , 43297 70 4 though though IN 43297 70 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 70 6 may may MD 43297 70 7 be be VB 43297 70 8 composed compose VBN 43297 70 9 of of IN 43297 70 10 irregular irregular JJ 43297 70 11 particles particle NNS 43297 70 12 of of IN 43297 70 13 other other JJ 43297 70 14 minerals mineral NNS 43297 70 15 or or CC 43297 70 16 of of IN 43297 70 17 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 70 18 silica silica NN 43297 70 19 . . . 43297 71 1 _ _ NNP 43297 71 2 Felspar Felspar NNP 43297 71 3 _ _ NNP 43297 71 4 , , , 43297 71 5 _ _ NNP 43297 71 6 mica mica NNP 43297 71 7 _ _ NNP 43297 71 8 and and CC 43297 71 9 other other JJ 43297 71 10 adventitious adventitious JJ 43297 71 11 silicates silicate NNS 43297 71 12 occur occur VBP 43297 71 13 in in IN 43297 71 14 many many JJ 43297 71 15 natural natural JJ 43297 71 16 clays clay NNS 43297 71 17 in in IN 43297 71 18 so so RB 43297 71 19 fine fine JJ 43297 71 20 a a DT 43297 71 21 state state NN 43297 71 22 of of IN 43297 71 23 division division NN 43297 71 24 that that IN 43297 71 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 71 26 removal removal NN 43297 71 27 would would MD 43297 71 28 be be VB 43297 71 29 unremunerative unremunerative JJ 43297 71 30 . . . 43297 72 1 In in IN 43297 72 2 addition addition NN 43297 72 3 to to IN 43297 72 4 this this DT 43297 72 5 they -PRON- PRP 43297 72 6 act act VBP 43297 72 7 as as IN 43297 72 8 fluxes flux NNS 43297 72 9 when when WRB 43297 72 10 the the DT 43297 72 11 clays clay NNS 43297 72 12 are be VBP 43297 72 13 heated heat VBN 43297 72 14 in in IN 43297 72 15 kilns kiln NNS 43297 72 16 , , , 43297 72 17 binding bind VBG 43297 72 18 the the DT 43297 72 19 less less RBR 43297 72 20 fusible fusible JJ 43297 72 21 particles particle NNS 43297 72 22 together together RB 43297 72 23 and and CC 43297 72 24 forming form VBG 43297 72 25 a a DT 43297 72 26 far far RB 43297 72 27 stronger strong JJR 43297 72 28 mass mass NN 43297 72 29 than than IN 43297 72 30 would would MD 43297 72 31 otherwise otherwise RB 43297 72 32 be be VB 43297 72 33 produced produce VBN 43297 72 34 . . . 43297 73 1 Consequently consequently RB 43297 73 2 , , , 43297 73 3 they -PRON- PRP 43297 73 4 are be VBP 43297 73 5 valuable valuable JJ 43297 73 6 constituents constituent NNS 43297 73 7 in in IN 43297 73 8 clays clay NNS 43297 73 9 used use VBN 43297 73 10 for for IN 43297 73 11 the the DT 43297 73 12 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 73 13 of of IN 43297 73 14 articles article NNS 43297 73 15 in in IN 43297 73 16 which which WDT 43297 73 17 strength strength NN 43297 73 18 or or CC 43297 73 19 imperviousness imperviousness NN 43297 73 20 is be VBZ 43297 73 21 important important JJ 43297 73 22 . . . 43297 74 1 If if IN 43297 74 2 these these DT 43297 74 3 minerals mineral NNS 43297 74 4 are be VBP 43297 74 5 present present JJ 43297 74 6 in in IN 43297 74 7 the the DT 43297 74 8 form form NN 43297 74 9 of of IN 43297 74 10 particles particle NNS 43297 74 11 which which WDT 43297 74 12 are be VBP 43297 74 13 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 74 14 large large JJ 43297 74 15 to to TO 43297 74 16 be be VB 43297 74 17 removed remove VBN 43297 74 18 by by IN 43297 74 19 elutriation elutriation NN 43297 74 20 in in IN 43297 74 21 the the DT 43297 74 22 manner manner NN 43297 74 23 described describe VBN 43297 74 24 on on IN 43297 74 25 the the DT 43297 74 26 previous previous JJ 43297 74 27 page page NN 43297 74 28 , , , 43297 74 29 the the DT 43297 74 30 purification purification NN 43297 74 31 of of IN 43297 74 32 the the DT 43297 74 33 clay clay NN 43297 74 34 is be VBZ 43297 74 35 not not RB 43297 74 36 difficult difficult JJ 43297 74 37 . . . 43297 75 1 Usually usually RB 43297 75 2 , , , 43297 75 3 however however RB 43297 75 4 , , , 43297 75 5 the the DT 43297 75 6 most most RBS 43297 75 7 careful careful JJ 43297 75 8 treatment treatment NN 43297 75 9 fails fail VBZ 43297 75 10 to to TO 43297 75 11 remove remove VB 43297 75 12 all all PDT 43297 75 13 these these DT 43297 75 14 minerals mineral NNS 43297 75 15 ; ; : 43297 75 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 75 17 presence presence NN 43297 75 18 may may MD 43297 75 19 then then RB 43297 75 20 be be VB 43297 75 21 detected detect VBN 43297 75 22 by by IN 43297 75 23 microscopical microscopical JJ 43297 75 24 examination examination NN 43297 75 25 and and CC 43297 75 26 by by IN 43297 75 27 chemical chemical NN 43297 75 28 analysis analysis NN 43297 75 29 . . . 43297 76 1 For for IN 43297 76 2 most most JJS 43297 76 3 of of IN 43297 76 4 the the DT 43297 76 5 purposes purpose NNS 43297 76 6 for for IN 43297 76 7 which which WDT 43297 76 8 clays clay NNS 43297 76 9 are be VBP 43297 76 10 used use VBN 43297 76 11 , , , 43297 76 12 small small JJ 43297 76 13 proportions proportion NNS 43297 76 14 of of IN 43297 76 15 these these DT 43297 76 16 silicates silicate NNS 43297 76 17 are be VBP 43297 76 18 unimportant unimportant JJ 43297 76 19 , , , 43297 76 20 but but CC 43297 76 21 where where WRB 43297 76 22 clays clay NNS 43297 76 23 of of IN 43297 76 24 a a DT 43297 76 25 highly highly RB 43297 76 26 refractory refractory JJ 43297 76 27 nature nature NN 43297 76 28 are be VBP 43297 76 29 required require VBN 43297 76 30 ; ; : 43297 76 31 and and CC 43297 76 32 for for IN 43297 76 33 most most JJS 43297 76 34 of of IN 43297 76 35 the the DT 43297 76 36 purposes purpose NNS 43297 76 37 for for IN 43297 76 38 which which WDT 43297 76 39 china china NNP 43297 76 40 clays clays NNP 43297 76 41 ( ( -LRB- 43297 76 42 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 76 43 ) ) -RRB- 43297 76 44 are be VBP 43297 76 45 employed employ VBN 43297 76 46 , , , 43297 76 47 they -PRON- PRP 43297 76 48 must must MD 43297 76 49 not not RB 43297 76 50 be be VB 43297 76 51 present present JJ 43297 76 52 to to IN 43297 76 53 the the DT 43297 76 54 extent extent NN 43297 76 55 of of IN 43297 76 56 more more JJR 43297 76 57 than than IN 43297 76 58 5 5 CD 43297 76 59 per per NN 43297 76 60 cent cent NN 43297 76 61 . . . 43297 76 62 , , , 43297 76 63 smaller small JJR 43297 76 64 proportions proportion NNS 43297 76 65 being be VBG 43297 76 66 preferable preferable JJ 43297 76 67 . . . 43297 77 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 77 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 77 3 : : : 43297 77 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 77 5 . . . 43297 78 1 1 1 LS 43297 78 2 . . . 43297 79 1 Quartz quartz NN 43297 79 2 crystals crystal NNS 43297 79 3 , , , 43297 79 4 natural natural JJ 43297 79 5 size size NN 43297 79 6 . . . 43297 80 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 80 2 From from IN 43297 80 3 Miers Miers NNP 43297 80 4 ' ' POS 43297 80 5 Mineralogy Mineralogy NNP 43297 80 6 _ _ NNP 43297 80 7 by by IN 43297 80 8 permission permission NN 43297 80 9 of of IN 43297 80 10 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 43297 80 11 & & CC 43297 80 12 Co. Co. NNP 43297 80 13 _ _ NNP 43297 80 14 ) ) -RRB- 43297 80 15 ] ] -RRB- 43297 80 16 _ _ NNP 43297 80 17 Oxides Oxides NNP 43297 80 18 _ _ NNP 43297 80 19 , , , 43297 80 20 _ _ NNP 43297 80 21 sulphides sulphide NNS 43297 80 22 _ _ NNP 43297 80 23 , , , 43297 80 24 _ _ NNP 43297 80 25 sulphates sulphate VBZ 43297 80 26 _ _ NNP 43297 80 27 and and CC 43297 80 28 _ _ NNP 43297 80 29 carbonates carbonate VBZ 43297 80 30 _ _ NNP 43297 80 31 of of IN 43297 80 32 various various JJ 43297 80 33 metals metal NNS 43297 80 34 form form VBP 43297 80 35 the the DT 43297 80 36 third third JJ 43297 80 37 class class NN 43297 80 38 of of IN 43297 80 39 impurities impurity NNS 43297 80 40 in in IN 43297 80 41 clays clay NNS 43297 80 42 . . . 43297 81 1 Of of IN 43297 81 2 these these DT 43297 81 3 , , , 43297 81 4 the the DT 43297 81 5 most most RBS 43297 81 6 important important JJ 43297 81 7 are be VBP 43297 81 8 calcium calcium NN 43297 81 9 oxide oxide NN 43297 81 10 ( ( -LRB- 43297 81 11 lime lime NN 43297 81 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 81 13 , , , 43297 81 14 calcium calcium NN 43297 81 15 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 81 16 ( ( -LRB- 43297 81 17 chalk chalk NN 43297 81 18 and and CC 43297 81 19 limestone limestone NN 43297 81 20 ) ) -RRB- 43297 81 21 , , , 43297 81 22 calcium calcium NN 43297 81 23 sulphate sulphate NN 43297 81 24 ( ( -LRB- 43297 81 25 gypsum gypsum NNP 43297 81 26 and and CC 43297 81 27 selenite selenite NNP 43297 81 28 ) ) -RRB- 43297 81 29 , , , 43297 81 30 the the DT 43297 81 31 corresponding correspond VBG 43297 81 32 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 81 33 , , , 43297 81 34 magnesium magnesium NN 43297 81 35 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 81 36 , , , 43297 81 37 and and CC 43297 81 38 sulphate sulphate VB 43297 81 39 , , , 43297 81 40 the the DT 43297 81 41 various various JJ 43297 81 42 iron iron NN 43297 81 43 oxides oxide NNS 43297 81 44 , , , 43297 81 45 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 81 46 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 81 47 and and CC 43297 81 48 iron iron NN 43297 81 49 sulphides sulphide NNS 43297 81 50 ( ( -LRB- 43297 81 51 pyrite pyrite JJ 43297 81 52 and and CC 43297 81 53 marcasite marcasite NNP 43297 81 54 ) ) -RRB- 43297 81 55 ( ( -LRB- 43297 81 56 p. p. NN 43297 81 57 13 13 CD 43297 81 58 ) ) -RRB- 43297 81 59 . . . 43297 82 1 Potash potash NN 43297 82 2 and and CC 43297 82 3 soda soda NN 43297 82 4 compounds compound NNS 43297 82 5 are be VBP 43297 82 6 commonly commonly RB 43297 82 7 present present JJ 43297 82 8 as as IN 43297 82 9 constituents constituent NNS 43297 82 10 of of IN 43297 82 11 the the DT 43297 82 12 felspar felspar NNP 43297 82 13 , , , 43297 82 14 mica mica NNP 43297 82 15 , , , 43297 82 16 or or CC 43297 82 17 other other JJ 43297 82 18 silicates silicate NNS 43297 82 19 present present JJ 43297 82 20 , , , 43297 82 21 and and CC 43297 82 22 need need VBP 43297 82 23 no no DT 43297 82 24 further further JJ 43297 82 25 description description NN 43297 82 26 , , , 43297 82 27 though though IN 43297 82 28 small small JJ 43297 82 29 proportions proportion NNS 43297 82 30 of of IN 43297 82 31 _ _ NNP 43297 82 32 soluble soluble JJ 43297 82 33 salts_--chiefly salts_--chiefly NNP 43297 82 34 sodium sodium NN 43297 82 35 , , , 43297 82 36 potassium potassium NN 43297 82 37 , , , 43297 82 38 calcium calcium NN 43297 82 39 and and CC 43297 82 40 magnesium magnesium NN 43297 82 41 sulphates sulphate NNS 43297 82 42 -- -- : 43297 82 43 occur occur VBP 43297 82 44 in in IN 43297 82 45 most most JJS 43297 82 46 clays clay NNS 43297 82 47 and and CC 43297 82 48 may may MD 43297 82 49 cause cause VB 43297 82 50 a a DT 43297 82 51 white white JJ 43297 82 52 scum scum NN 43297 82 53 on on IN 43297 82 54 bricks brick NNS 43297 82 55 and and CC 43297 82 56 terra terra NNP 43297 82 57 - - HYPH 43297 82 58 cotta cotta NNP 43297 82 59 made make VBN 43297 82 60 from from IN 43297 82 61 them -PRON- PRP 43297 82 62 . . . 43297 83 1 _ _ NNP 43297 83 2 Lime Lime NNP 43297 83 3 and and CC 43297 83 4 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 83 5 compounds compound NNS 43297 83 6 _ _ NNP 43297 83 7 may may MD 43297 83 8 occur occur VB 43297 83 9 as as IN 43297 83 10 silicates silicate NNS 43297 83 11 ( ( -LRB- 43297 83 12 varieties variety NNS 43297 83 13 of of IN 43297 83 14 felspar felspar NNP 43297 83 15 , , , 43297 83 16 mica mica NNP 43297 83 17 , , , 43297 83 18 etc etc FW 43297 83 19 . . . 43297 84 1 ) ) -RRB- 43297 84 2 , , , 43297 84 3 but but CC 43297 84 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 84 5 most most RBS 43297 84 6 important important JJ 43297 84 7 occurrence occurrence NN 43297 84 8 is be VBZ 43297 84 9 as as IN 43297 84 10 chalk chalk NN 43297 84 11 or or CC 43297 84 12 limestone limestone NN 43297 84 13 . . . 43297 85 1 _ _ NNP 43297 85 2 Chalk Chalk NNP 43297 85 3 _ _ NNP 43297 85 4 is be VBZ 43297 85 5 a a DT 43297 85 6 constant constant JJ 43297 85 7 constituent constituent NN 43297 85 8 of of IN 43297 85 9 malms[2 malms[2 NNP 43297 85 10 ] ] -RRB- 43297 85 11 and and CC 43297 85 12 of of IN 43297 85 13 many many JJ 43297 85 14 marls marl NNS 43297 85 15 , , , 43297 85 16 but but CC 43297 85 17 the the DT 43297 85 18 latter latter JJ 43297 85 19 may may MD 43297 85 20 contain contain VB 43297 85 21 limestone limestone NN 43297 85 22 particles particle NNS 43297 85 23 . . . 43297 86 1 _ _ NNP 43297 86 2 Limestone Limestone NNP 43297 86 3 _ _ NNP 43297 86 4 occurs occur VBZ 43297 86 5 in in IN 43297 86 6 many many JJ 43297 86 7 marls marl NNS 43297 86 8 and and CC 43297 86 9 to to IN 43297 86 10 a a DT 43297 86 11 smaller small JJR 43297 86 12 extent extent NN 43297 86 13 in in IN 43297 86 14 other other JJ 43297 86 15 clays clay NNS 43297 86 16 . . . 43297 87 1 In in IN 43297 87 2 the the DT 43297 87 3 boulder boulder NN 43297 87 4 clays clay VBZ 43297 87 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 87 6 frequently frequently RB 43297 87 7 forms form VBZ 43297 87 8 a a DT 43297 87 9 large large JJ 43297 87 10 portion portion NN 43297 87 11 of of IN 43297 87 12 the the DT 43297 87 13 stony stony NNP 43297 87 14 material material NN 43297 87 15 . . . 43297 88 1 If if IN 43297 88 2 the the DT 43297 88 3 grains grain NNS 43297 88 4 are be VBP 43297 88 5 very very RB 43297 88 6 small small JJ 43297 88 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 88 8 as as IN 43297 88 9 in in IN 43297 88 10 chalk chalk NN 43297 88 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 88 12 , , , 43297 88 13 the the DT 43297 88 14 lime lime NNP 43297 88 15 compounds compound NNS 43297 88 16 act act VBP 43297 88 17 as as IN 43297 88 18 a a DT 43297 88 19 flux flux NN 43297 88 20 , , , 43297 88 21 reducing reduce VBG 43297 88 22 the the DT 43297 88 23 heat heat NN 43297 88 24 - - HYPH 43297 88 25 resisting resist VBG 43297 88 26 power power NN 43297 88 27 of of IN 43297 88 28 the the DT 43297 88 29 clay clay NN 43297 88 30 and and CC 43297 88 31 increasing increase VBG 43297 88 32 the the DT 43297 88 33 amount amount NN 43297 88 34 of of IN 43297 88 35 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 88 36 ; ; : 43297 88 37 they -PRON- PRP 43297 88 38 produce produce VBP 43297 88 39 in in IN 43297 88 40 extreme extreme JJ 43297 88 41 cases case NNS 43297 88 42 a a DT 43297 88 43 slag slag NN 43297 88 44 - - HYPH 43297 88 45 like like JJ 43297 88 46 mass mass NN 43297 88 47 when when WRB 43297 88 48 the the DT 43297 88 49 clay clay NN 43297 88 50 is be VBZ 43297 88 51 intensely intensely RB 43297 88 52 heated heated JJ 43297 88 53 . . . 43297 89 1 If if IN 43297 89 2 , , , 43297 89 3 on on IN 43297 89 4 the the DT 43297 89 5 contrary contrary NN 43297 89 6 , , , 43297 89 7 the the DT 43297 89 8 grains grain NNS 43297 89 9 are be VBP 43297 89 10 larger large JJR 43297 89 11 ( ( -LRB- 43297 89 12 as as IN 43297 89 13 frequently frequently RB 43297 89 14 occurs occur VBZ 43297 89 15 with with IN 43297 89 16 limestone limestone NN 43297 89 17 ) ) -RRB- 43297 89 18 , , , 43297 89 19 they -PRON- PRP 43297 89 20 are be VBP 43297 89 21 converted convert VBN 43297 89 22 into into IN 43297 89 23 lime lime NN 43297 89 24 or or CC 43297 89 25 magnesia magnesia NN 43297 89 26 when when WRB 43297 89 27 the the DT 43297 89 28 clay clay NN 43297 89 29 is be VBZ 43297 89 30 ' ' `` 43297 89 31 burned burn VBN 43297 89 32 ' ' '' 43297 89 33 in in IN 43297 89 34 a a DT 43297 89 35 kiln kiln NN 43297 89 36 , , , 43297 89 37 and and CC 43297 89 38 the the DT 43297 89 39 lime lime NN 43297 89 40 , , , 43297 89 41 on on IN 43297 89 42 exposure exposure NN 43297 89 43 to to TO 43297 89 44 weather weather NN 43297 89 45 , , , 43297 89 46 absorbs absorb VBZ 43297 89 47 moisture moisture NN 43297 89 48 ( ( -LRB- 43297 89 49 _ _ NNP 43297 89 50 i.e i.e NNP 43297 89 51 . . . 43297 90 1 slakes slakes NNP 43297 90 2 _ _ NNP 43297 90 3 ) ) -RRB- 43297 90 4 , , , 43297 90 5 swells swell NNS 43297 90 6 , , , 43297 90 7 and and CC 43297 90 8 may may MD 43297 90 9 disintegrate disintegrate VB 43297 90 10 the the DT 43297 90 11 articles article NNS 43297 90 12 made make VBN 43297 90 13 from from IN 43297 90 14 the the DT 43297 90 15 clay clay NN 43297 90 16 . . . 43297 91 1 Limestone Limestone NNP 43297 91 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 91 3 except except IN 43297 91 4 when when WRB 43297 91 5 in in IN 43297 91 6 a a DT 43297 91 7 very very RB 43297 91 8 finely finely RB 43297 91 9 divided divide VBN 43297 91 10 state state NN 43297 91 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 91 12 is be VBZ 43297 91 13 almost almost RB 43297 91 14 invariably invariably RB 43297 91 15 objectionable objectionable JJ 43297 91 16 in in IN 43297 91 17 clays clay NNS 43297 91 18 , , , 43297 91 19 but but CC 43297 91 20 chalk chalk NN 43297 91 21 is be VBZ 43297 91 22 frequently frequently RB 43297 91 23 a a DT 43297 91 24 valuable valuable JJ 43297 91 25 constituent constituent NN 43297 91 26 . . . 43297 92 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 92 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 92 3 2 2 CD 43297 92 4 : : : 43297 92 5 A a DT 43297 92 6 _ _ NNP 43297 92 7 malm malm NN 43297 92 8 _ _ NNP 43297 92 9 is be VBZ 43297 92 10 a a DT 43297 92 11 natural natural JJ 43297 92 12 mixture mixture NN 43297 92 13 of of IN 43297 92 14 clay clay NN 43297 92 15 and and CC 43297 92 16 chalk chalk NN 43297 92 17 ( ( -LRB- 43297 92 18 p. p. NN 43297 93 1 68 68 LS 43297 93 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 93 3 . . . 43297 93 4 ] ] -RRB- 43297 94 1 Chalk Chalk NNP 43297 94 2 is be VBZ 43297 94 3 added add VBN 43297 94 4 to to TO 43297 94 5 clay clay VB 43297 94 6 in in IN 43297 94 7 the the DT 43297 94 8 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 94 9 of of IN 43297 94 10 malm malm NN 43297 94 11 - - HYPH 43297 94 12 bricks brick NNS 43297 94 13 to to TO 43297 94 14 produce produce VB 43297 94 15 a a DT 43297 94 16 more more RBR 43297 94 17 pleasing pleasing JJ 43297 94 18 colour colour NN 43297 94 19 than than IN 43297 94 20 would would MD 43297 94 21 be be VB 43297 94 22 obtained obtain VBN 43297 94 23 from from IN 43297 94 24 the the DT 43297 94 25 clay clay NN 43297 94 26 alone alone RB 43297 94 27 , , , 43297 94 28 to to TO 43297 94 29 reduce reduce VB 43297 94 30 the the DT 43297 94 31 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 94 32 of of IN 43297 94 33 the the DT 43297 94 34 clay clay NN 43297 94 35 to to IN 43297 94 36 convenient convenient JJ 43297 94 37 limits limit NNS 43297 94 38 and and CC 43297 94 39 , , , 43297 94 40 less less RBR 43297 94 41 frequently frequently RB 43297 94 42 , , , 43297 94 43 to to TO 43297 94 44 form form VB 43297 94 45 a a DT 43297 94 46 more more RBR 43297 94 47 vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 94 48 material material NN 43297 94 49 . . . 43297 95 1 Chalk chalk VB 43297 95 2 , , , 43297 95 3 on on IN 43297 95 4 heating heating NN 43297 95 5 , , , 43297 95 6 combines combine VBZ 43297 95 7 with with IN 43297 95 8 iron iron NN 43297 95 9 oxide oxide NN 43297 95 10 and and CC 43297 95 11 clay clay NN 43297 95 12 , , , 43297 95 13 forming form VBG 43297 95 14 a a DT 43297 95 15 white white JJ 43297 95 16 silicate silicate NN 43297 95 17 , , , 43297 95 18 so so IN 43297 95 19 that that IN 43297 95 20 some some DT 43297 95 21 clays clay NNS 43297 95 22 which which WDT 43297 95 23 would would MD 43297 95 24 , , , 43297 95 25 alone alone RB 43297 95 26 , , , 43297 95 27 form form VB 43297 95 28 a a DT 43297 95 29 red red JJ 43297 95 30 brick brick NN 43297 95 31 , , , 43297 95 32 will will MD 43297 95 33 , , , 43297 95 34 if if IN 43297 95 35 mixed mix VBN 43297 95 36 with with IN 43297 95 37 chalk chalk NN 43297 95 38 , , , 43297 95 39 form form VB 43297 95 40 a a DT 43297 95 41 white white JJ 43297 95 42 one one CD 43297 95 43 . . . 43297 96 1 Lime Lime NNP 43297 96 2 compounds compound NNS 43297 96 3 have have VBP 43297 96 4 the the DT 43297 96 5 serious serious JJ 43297 96 6 objection objection NN 43297 96 7 of of IN 43297 96 8 acting act VBG 43297 96 9 as as IN 43297 96 10 very very RB 43297 96 11 rapid rapid JJ 43297 96 12 and and CC 43297 96 13 powerful powerful JJ 43297 96 14 fluxes flux NNS 43297 96 15 , , , 43297 96 16 so so IN 43297 96 17 that that IN 43297 96 18 when when WRB 43297 96 19 clays clay NNS 43297 96 20 containing contain VBG 43297 96 21 them -PRON- PRP 43297 96 22 are be VBP 43297 96 23 heated heat VBN 43297 96 24 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 96 25 to to TO 43297 96 26 start start VB 43297 96 27 partial partial JJ 43297 96 28 fusion fusion NN 43297 96 29 , , , 43297 96 30 a a DT 43297 96 31 very very RB 43297 96 32 slight slight JJ 43297 96 33 additional additional JJ 43297 96 34 rise rise NN 43297 96 35 in in IN 43297 96 36 temperature temperature NN 43297 96 37 may may MD 43297 96 38 easily easily RB 43297 96 39 reduce reduce VB 43297 96 40 the the DT 43297 96 41 whole whole NN 43297 96 42 to to IN 43297 96 43 a a DT 43297 96 44 shapeless shapeless NN 43297 96 45 , , , 43297 96 46 slag slag NN 43297 96 47 - - HYPH 43297 96 48 like like JJ 43297 96 49 mass mass NN 43297 96 50 . . . 43297 97 1 Magnesia Magnesia NNP 43297 97 2 compounds compound NNS 43297 97 3 act act VBP 43297 97 4 much much RB 43297 97 5 more more RBR 43297 97 6 slowly slowly RB 43297 97 7 in in IN 43297 97 8 this this DT 43297 97 9 respect respect NN 43297 97 10 and and CC 43297 97 11 so so RB 43297 97 12 are be VBP 43297 97 13 less less RBR 43297 97 14 harmful harmful JJ 43297 97 15 . . . 43297 98 1 _ _ NNP 43297 98 2 Gypsum_--a Gypsum_--a NNP 43297 98 3 calcium calcium NN 43297 98 4 sulphate sulphate NN 43297 98 5 -- -- : 43297 98 6 occurs occur VBZ 43297 98 7 naturally naturally RB 43297 98 8 in in IN 43297 98 9 many many JJ 43297 98 10 sub sub JJ 43297 98 11 - - HYPH 43297 98 12 surface surface NN 43297 98 13 clays clay NNS 43297 98 14 , , , 43297 98 15 often often RB 43297 98 16 in in IN 43297 98 17 well well RB 43297 98 18 - - HYPH 43297 98 19 defined define VBN 43297 98 20 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 98 21 masses masse NNS 43297 98 22 . . . 43297 99 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 99 2 reduces reduce VBZ 43297 99 3 the the DT 43297 99 4 heat heat NN 43297 99 5 - - HYPH 43297 99 6 resisting resist VBG 43297 99 7 power power NN 43297 99 8 of of IN 43297 99 9 the the DT 43297 99 10 clays clay NNS 43297 99 11 containing contain VBG 43297 99 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 99 13 and and CC 43297 99 14 may may MD 43297 99 15 , , , 43297 99 16 under under IN 43297 99 17 some some DT 43297 99 18 conditions condition NNS 43297 99 19 , , , 43297 99 20 rise rise VB 43297 99 21 to to IN 43297 99 22 the the DT 43297 99 23 surface surface NN 43297 99 24 of of IN 43297 99 25 the the DT 43297 99 26 articles article NNS 43297 99 27 made make VBN 43297 99 28 from from IN 43297 99 29 the the DT 43297 99 30 clay clay NN 43297 99 31 , , , 43297 99 32 in in IN 43297 99 33 the the DT 43297 99 34 form form NN 43297 99 35 of of IN 43297 99 36 a a DT 43297 99 37 white white JJ 43297 99 38 efflorescence efflorescence NN 43297 99 39 or or CC 43297 99 40 scum scum NN 43297 99 41 , , , 43297 99 42 such such JJ 43297 99 43 as as IN 43297 99 44 is be VBZ 43297 99 45 seen see VBN 43297 99 46 on on IN 43297 99 47 some some DT 43297 99 48 brick brick NN 43297 99 49 walls wall NNS 43297 99 50 . . . 43297 100 1 _ _ NNP 43297 100 2 Iron Iron NNP 43297 100 3 compounds compound NNS 43297 100 4 _ _ NNP 43297 100 5 are be VBP 43297 100 6 highly highly RB 43297 100 7 important important JJ 43297 100 8 because because IN 43297 100 9 they -PRON- PRP 43297 100 10 exercise exercise VBP 43297 100 11 a a DT 43297 100 12 powerful powerful JJ 43297 100 13 influence influence NN 43297 100 14 on on IN 43297 100 15 the the DT 43297 100 16 colour colour NN 43297 100 17 of of IN 43297 100 18 the the DT 43297 100 19 burned burn VBN 43297 100 20 clays clay NNS 43297 100 21 . . . 43297 101 1 The the DT 43297 101 2 red red JJ 43297 101 3 oxide oxide NN 43297 101 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 101 5 ferric ferric JJ 43297 101 6 oxide oxide NN 43297 101 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 101 8 is be VBZ 43297 101 9 the the DT 43297 101 10 most most RBS 43297 101 11 useful useful JJ 43297 101 12 form form NN 43297 101 13 in in IN 43297 101 14 burned burn VBN 43297 101 15 clay clay NN 43297 101 16 , , , 43297 101 17 but but CC 43297 101 18 in in IN 43297 101 19 the the DT 43297 101 20 raw raw JJ 43297 101 21 material material NN 43297 101 22 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 101 23 oxide oxide NN 43297 101 24 and and CC 43297 101 25 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 101 26 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 101 27 may may MD 43297 101 28 also also RB 43297 101 29 occur occur VB 43297 101 30 , , , 43297 101 31 though though IN 43297 101 32 they -PRON- PRP 43297 101 33 are be VBP 43297 101 34 converted convert VBN 43297 101 35 into into IN 43297 101 36 the the DT 43297 101 37 red red JJ 43297 101 38 oxide oxide NN 43297 101 39 on on IN 43297 101 40 heating heating NN 43297 101 41 . . . 43297 102 1 The the DT 43297 102 2 red red JJ 43297 102 3 iron iron NN 43297 102 4 oxide oxide NN 43297 102 5 , , , 43297 102 6 which which WDT 43297 102 7 is be VBZ 43297 102 8 closely closely RB 43297 102 9 related related JJ 43297 102 10 to to IN 43297 102 11 ' ' `` 43297 102 12 iron iron NN 43297 102 13 rust rust NN 43297 102 14 , , , 43297 102 15 ' ' '' 43297 102 16 occurs occur VBZ 43297 102 17 in in RB 43297 102 18 so so RB 43297 102 19 finely finely RB 43297 102 20 divided divide VBN 43297 102 21 a a DT 43297 102 22 state state NN 43297 102 23 that that WDT 43297 102 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 102 25 particles particle NNS 43297 102 26 appear appear VBP 43297 102 27 to to TO 43297 102 28 be be VB 43297 102 29 almost almost RB 43297 102 30 as as RB 43297 102 31 small small JJ 43297 102 32 as as IN 43297 102 33 those those DT 43297 102 34 of of IN 43297 102 35 the the DT 43297 102 36 finest fine JJS 43297 102 37 clays clay NNS 43297 102 38 . . . 43297 103 1 Hence hence RB 43297 103 2 attempts attempt VBZ 43297 103 3 to to TO 43297 103 4 improve improve VB 43297 103 5 the the DT 43297 103 6 colour colour NN 43297 103 7 of of IN 43297 103 8 terra terra NNP 43297 103 9 - - HYPH 43297 103 10 cotta cotta NNP 43297 103 11 and and CC 43297 103 12 bricks brick NNS 43297 103 13 by by IN 43297 103 14 the the DT 43297 103 15 addition addition NN 43297 103 16 of of IN 43297 103 17 commercial commercial JJ 43297 103 18 ' ' `` 43297 103 19 iron iron NN 43297 103 20 oxide oxide NN 43297 103 21 ' ' '' 43297 103 22 are be VBP 43297 103 23 seldom seldom RB 43297 103 24 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 103 25 , , , 43297 103 26 the the DT 43297 103 27 finest fine JJS 43297 103 28 material material NN 43297 103 29 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 103 30 being be VBG 43297 103 31 far far RB 43297 103 32 coarser coarser NN 43297 103 33 than than IN 43297 103 34 that that DT 43297 103 35 occurring occur VBG 43297 103 36 in in IN 43297 103 37 clays clay NNS 43297 103 38 . . . 43297 104 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 104 2 is be VBZ 43297 104 3 a a DT 43297 104 4 curious curious JJ 43297 104 5 fact fact NN 43297 104 6 that that IN 43297 104 7 red red JJ 43297 104 8 iron iron NN 43297 104 9 oxide oxide NN 43297 104 10 does do VBZ 43297 104 11 not not RB 43297 104 12 appear appear VB 43297 104 13 to to TO 43297 104 14 form form VB 43297 104 15 any any DT 43297 104 16 compound compound NN 43297 104 17 with with IN 43297 104 18 the the DT 43297 104 19 other other JJ 43297 104 20 constituents constituent NNS 43297 104 21 of of IN 43297 104 22 clay clay NN 43297 104 23 under under IN 43297 104 24 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 104 25 conditions condition NNS 43297 104 26 of of IN 43297 104 27 firing firing NN 43297 104 28 , , , 43297 104 29 and and CC 43297 104 30 although although IN 43297 104 31 a a DT 43297 104 32 ' ' `` 43297 104 33 base base NN 43297 104 34 ' ' '' 43297 104 35 and and CC 43297 104 36 capable capable JJ 43297 104 37 of of IN 43297 104 38 reducing reduce VBG 43297 104 39 the the DT 43297 104 40 heat heat NN 43297 104 41 - - HYPH 43297 104 42 resisting resist VBG 43297 104 43 power power NN 43297 104 44 of of IN 43297 104 45 clays clay NNS 43297 104 46 , , , 43297 104 47 it -PRON- PRP 43297 104 48 does do VBZ 43297 104 49 not not RB 43297 104 50 appear appear VB 43297 104 51 to to TO 43297 104 52 do do VB 43297 104 53 so so RB 43297 104 54 as as RB 43297 104 55 long long RB 43297 104 56 as as IN 43297 104 57 the the DT 43297 104 58 conditions condition NNS 43297 104 59 in in IN 43297 104 60 the the DT 43297 104 61 kiln kiln NN 43297 104 62 are be VBP 43297 104 63 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 104 64 oxidizing oxidizing JJ 43297 104 65 . . . 43297 105 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 105 2 is be VBZ 43297 105 3 this this DT 43297 105 4 which which WDT 43297 105 5 enables enable VBZ 43297 105 6 red red JJ 43297 105 7 bricks brick NNS 43297 105 8 and and CC 43297 105 9 other other JJ 43297 105 10 articles article NNS 43297 105 11 to to TO 43297 105 12 be be VB 43297 105 13 obtained obtain VBN 43297 105 14 with with IN 43297 105 15 remarkable remarkable JJ 43297 105 16 uniformity uniformity NN 43297 105 17 of of IN 43297 105 18 colour colour NN 43297 105 19 combined combine VBN 43297 105 20 with with IN 43297 105 21 great great JJ 43297 105 22 physical physical JJ 43297 105 23 strength strength NN 43297 105 24 . . . 43297 106 1 In in IN 43297 106 2 a a DT 43297 106 3 reducing reduce VBG 43297 106 4 atmosphere atmosphere NN 43297 106 5 , , , 43297 106 6 on on IN 43297 106 7 the the DT 43297 106 8 contrary contrary JJ 43297 106 9 , , , 43297 106 10 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 106 11 oxide oxide NN 43297 106 12 readily readily RB 43297 106 13 forms form NNS 43297 106 14 and and CC 43297 106 15 attacks attack NNS 43297 106 16 the the DT 43297 106 17 clay clay NN 43297 106 18 , , , 43297 106 19 forming form VBG 43297 106 20 a a DT 43297 106 21 dark dark JJ 43297 106 22 grey grey JJ 43297 106 23 vitreous vitreous JJ 43297 106 24 mass mass NN 43297 106 25 . . . 43297 107 1 If if IN 43297 107 2 the the DT 43297 107 3 iron iron NN 43297 107 4 particles particle NNS 43297 107 5 are be VBP 43297 107 6 separated separate VBN 43297 107 7 from from IN 43297 107 8 each each DT 43297 107 9 other other JJ 43297 107 10 they -PRON- PRP 43297 107 11 will will MD 43297 107 12 , , , 43297 107 13 on on IN 43297 107 14 reduction reduction NN 43297 107 15 , , , 43297 107 16 form form VBP 43297 107 17 small small JJ 43297 107 18 slag slag NN 43297 107 19 - - HYPH 43297 107 20 like like JJ 43297 107 21 spots spot NNS 43297 107 22 , , , 43297 107 23 but but CC 43297 107 24 if if IN 43297 107 25 they -PRON- PRP 43297 107 26 are be VBP 43297 107 27 in in IN 43297 107 28 an an DT 43297 107 29 extremely extremely RB 43297 107 30 fine fine JJ 43297 107 31 state state NN 43297 107 32 of of IN 43297 107 33 division division NN 43297 107 34 and and CC 43297 107 35 well well RB 43297 107 36 distributed distribute VBN 43297 107 37 , , , 43297 107 38 the the DT 43297 107 39 brick brick NN 43297 107 40 or or CC 43297 107 41 other other JJ 43297 107 42 article article NN 43297 107 43 will will MD 43297 107 44 become become VB 43297 107 45 slightly slightly RB 43297 107 46 glossy glossy JJ 43297 107 47 and and CC 43297 107 48 of of IN 43297 107 49 an an DT 43297 107 50 uniform uniform JJ 43297 107 51 black black JJ 43297 107 52 - - HYPH 43297 107 53 grey grey JJ 43297 107 54 tint tint NN 43297 107 55 . . . 43297 108 1 The the DT 43297 108 2 famous famous JJ 43297 108 3 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 108 4 ' ' '' 43297 108 5 blue blue JJ 43297 108 6 ' ' '' 43297 108 7 bricks brick NNS 43297 108 8 owe owe VBP 43297 108 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 108 10 colour colour NN 43297 108 11 to to IN 43297 108 12 this this DT 43297 108 13 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 108 14 ; ; : 43297 108 15 they -PRON- PRP 43297 108 16 are be VBP 43297 108 17 not not RB 43297 108 18 really really RB 43297 108 19 ' ' `` 43297 108 20 blue blue JJ 43297 108 21 ' ' '' 43297 108 22 in in IN 43297 108 23 colour colour NN 43297 108 24 . . . 43297 109 1 The the DT 43297 109 2 effect effect NN 43297 109 3 of of IN 43297 109 4 chalk chalk NN 43297 109 5 on on IN 43297 109 6 the the DT 43297 109 7 colour colour NN 43297 109 8 of of IN 43297 109 9 red red JJ 43297 109 10 - - HYPH 43297 109 11 burning burn VBG 43297 109 12 clays clay NNS 43297 109 13 has have VBZ 43297 109 14 already already RB 43297 109 15 been be VBN 43297 109 16 mentioned mention VBN 43297 109 17 . . . 43297 110 1 _ _ NNP 43297 110 2 Iron Iron NNP 43297 110 3 pyrite pyrite NNP 43297 110 4 _ _ NNP 43297 110 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 110 6 fig fig NN 43297 110 7 . . . 43297 111 1 2 2 LS 43297 111 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 111 3 and and CC 43297 111 4 _ _ NNP 43297 111 5 marcasite marcasite NN 43297 111 6 _ _ NNP 43297 111 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 111 8 fig fig NN 43297 111 9 . . . 43297 112 1 3)--both 3)--both CD 43297 112 2 of of IN 43297 112 3 which which WDT 43297 112 4 are be VBP 43297 112 5 forms form NNS 43297 112 6 of of IN 43297 112 7 iron iron NN 43297 112 8 sulphide sulphide NN 43297 112 9 -- -- : 43297 112 10 occur occur VB 43297 112 11 in in IN 43297 112 12 many many JJ 43297 112 13 clays clay NNS 43297 112 14 , , , 43297 112 15 particularly particularly RB 43297 112 16 those those DT 43297 112 17 of of IN 43297 112 18 the the DT 43297 112 19 Coal Coal NNP 43297 112 20 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 112 21 . . . 43297 113 1 _ _ NNP 43297 113 2 Mundic Mundic NNP 43297 113 3 _ _ NNP 43297 113 4 is be VBZ 43297 113 5 another another DT 43297 113 6 form form NN 43297 113 7 of of IN 43297 113 8 pyrites pyrite NNS 43297 113 9 which which WDT 43297 113 10 resembles resemble VBZ 43297 113 11 roots root NNS 43297 113 12 or or CC 43297 113 13 twigs twig NNS 43297 113 14 , , , 43297 113 15 but but CC 43297 113 16 when when WRB 43297 113 17 broken break VBN 43297 113 18 show show VBP 43297 113 19 a a DT 43297 113 20 brassy brassy JJ 43297 113 21 fracture fracture NN 43297 113 22 . . . 43297 114 1 When when WRB 43297 114 2 in in IN 43297 114 3 pieces piece NNS 43297 114 4 of of IN 43297 114 5 observable observable JJ 43297 114 6 size size NN 43297 114 7 the the DT 43297 114 8 pyrite pyrite NNP 43297 114 9 may may MD 43297 114 10 be be VB 43297 114 11 readily readily RB 43297 114 12 distinguished distinguish VBN 43297 114 13 by by IN 43297 114 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 114 15 resemblance resemblance NN 43297 114 16 to to IN 43297 114 17 polished polished JJ 43297 114 18 brass brass NN 43297 114 19 and and CC 43297 114 20 the the DT 43297 114 21 marcasite marcasite NN 43297 114 22 by by IN 43297 114 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 114 24 tin tin JJ 43297 114 25 - - HYPH 43297 114 26 white white JJ 43297 114 27 metallic metallic NNP 43297 114 28 lustre lustre NNP 43297 114 29 and and CC 43297 114 30 both both DT 43297 114 31 by by IN 43297 114 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 114 33 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 114 34 cubic cubic NN 43297 114 35 , , , 43297 114 36 root root NN 43297 114 37 - - HYPH 43297 114 38 like like JJ 43297 114 39 and and CC 43297 114 40 spherical spherical JJ 43297 114 41 forms form NNS 43297 114 42 ; ; : 43297 114 43 the the DT 43297 114 44 latter latter JJ 43297 114 45 only only RB 43297 114 46 show show VB 43297 114 47 a a DT 43297 114 48 brass brass NN 43297 114 49 - - HYPH 43297 114 50 like like JJ 43297 114 51 sheen sheen NN 43297 114 52 when when WRB 43297 114 53 broken break VBN 43297 114 54 . . . 43297 115 1 Even even RB 43297 115 2 when when WRB 43297 115 3 only only RB 43297 115 4 a a DT 43297 115 5 small small JJ 43297 115 6 proportion proportion NN 43297 115 7 of of IN 43297 115 8 mundic mundic JJ 43297 115 9 , , , 43297 115 10 pyrite pyrite JJ 43297 115 11 or or CC 43297 115 12 marcasite marcasite NN 43297 115 13 is be VBZ 43297 115 14 present present JJ 43297 115 15 , , , 43297 115 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 115 17 is be VBZ 43297 115 18 highly highly RB 43297 115 19 objectionable objectionable JJ 43297 115 20 for for IN 43297 115 21 several several JJ 43297 115 22 reasons reason NNS 43297 115 23 . . . 43297 116 1 In in IN 43297 116 2 the the DT 43297 116 3 first first JJ 43297 116 4 place place NN 43297 116 5 , , , 43297 116 6 half half PDT 43297 116 7 the the DT 43297 116 8 sulphur sulphur NNP 43297 116 9 present present NN 43297 116 10 is be VBZ 43297 116 11 given give VBN 43297 116 12 off off RP 43297 116 13 at at IN 43297 116 14 a a DT 43297 116 15 dark dark JJ 43297 116 16 red red JJ 43297 116 17 heat heat NN 43297 116 18 and and CC 43297 116 19 is be VBZ 43297 116 20 liable liable JJ 43297 116 21 to to TO 43297 116 22 cause cause VB 43297 116 23 troublesome troublesome JJ 43297 116 24 defects defect NNS 43297 116 25 on on IN 43297 116 26 the the DT 43297 116 27 goods good NNS 43297 116 28 . . . 43297 117 1 Secondly secondly RB 43297 117 2 , , , 43297 117 3 because because IN 43297 117 4 the the DT 43297 117 5 remaining remain VBG 43297 117 6 sulphur sulphur NN 43297 117 7 and and CC 43297 117 8 iron iron NN 43297 117 9 are be VBP 43297 117 10 not not RB 43297 117 11 readily readily RB 43297 117 12 oxidized oxidize VBN 43297 117 13 , , , 43297 117 14 so so IN 43297 117 15 that that IN 43297 117 16 there there EX 43297 117 17 is be VBZ 43297 117 18 a a DT 43297 117 19 great great JJ 43297 117 20 tendency tendency NN 43297 117 21 to to TO 43297 117 22 form form VB 43297 117 23 slag slag NN 43297 117 24 - - HYPH 43297 117 25 spots spot NNS 43297 117 26 of of IN 43297 117 27 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 117 28 silicate silicate NN 43297 117 29 , , , 43297 117 30 owing owe VBG 43297 117 31 to to IN 43297 117 32 the the DT 43297 117 33 iron iron NN 43297 117 34 attacking attack VBG 43297 117 35 the the DT 43297 117 36 clay clay NN 43297 117 37 at at IN 43297 117 38 the the DT 43297 117 39 same same JJ 43297 117 40 moment moment NN 43297 117 41 as as IN 43297 117 42 it -PRON- PRP 43297 117 43 parts part VBZ 43297 117 44 with with IN 43297 117 45 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 117 46 remaining remain VBG 43297 117 47 sulphur sulphur NN 43297 117 48 . . . 43297 118 1 For for IN 43297 118 2 this this DT 43297 118 3 reason reason NN 43297 118 4 , , , 43297 118 5 clays clay NNS 43297 118 6 containing contain VBG 43297 118 7 any any DT 43297 118 8 iron iron NN 43297 118 9 sulphide sulphide NN 43297 118 10 seldom seldom RB 43297 118 11 burn burn VBP 43297 118 12 red red JJ 43297 118 13 , , , 43297 118 14 but but CC 43297 118 15 form form NN 43297 118 16 products product NNS 43297 118 17 of of IN 43297 118 18 a a DT 43297 118 19 buff buff JJ 43297 118 20 colour colour NN 43297 118 21 with with IN 43297 118 22 black black JJ 43297 118 23 spots spot NNS 43297 118 24 scattered scatter VBN 43297 118 25 irregularly irregularly RB 43297 118 26 over over IN 43297 118 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 118 28 surface surface NN 43297 118 29 and and CC 43297 118 30 throughout throughout IN 43297 118 31 the the DT 43297 118 32 mass mass NN 43297 118 33 -- -- : 43297 118 34 an an DT 43297 118 35 appearance appearance NN 43297 118 36 readily readily RB 43297 118 37 observable observable JJ 43297 118 38 on on IN 43297 118 39 most most RBS 43297 118 40 hard hard RB 43297 118 41 - - HYPH 43297 118 42 fired fire VBN 43297 118 43 firebricks firebrick NNS 43297 118 44 . . . 43297 119 1 If if IN 43297 119 2 chalcopyrite chalcopyrite JJ 43297 119 3 ( ( -LRB- 43297 119 4 copper copper NN 43297 119 5 - - HYPH 43297 119 6 iron iron NN 43297 119 7 sulphide sulphide NN 43297 119 8 ) ) -RRB- 43297 119 9 is be VBZ 43297 119 10 present present JJ 43297 119 11 the the DT 43297 119 12 spots spot NNS 43297 119 13 may may MD 43297 119 14 be be VB 43297 119 15 bright bright JJ 43297 119 16 green green JJ 43297 119 17 in in IN 43297 119 18 colour colour NN 43297 119 19 . . . 43297 120 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 120 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 120 3 : : : 43297 120 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 120 5 . . . 43297 121 1 2 2 LS 43297 121 2 . . . 43297 122 1 Pyrite Pyrite NNP 43297 122 2 . . . 43297 122 3 ] ] -RRB- 43297 123 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 123 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 123 3 : : : 43297 123 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 123 5 . . . 43297 124 1 3 3 LS 43297 124 2 . . . 43297 125 1 Marcasite Marcasite NNP 43297 125 2 . . . 43297 125 3 ] ] -RRB- 43297 126 1 Slightly slightly RB 43297 126 2 magnified magnify VBN 43297 126 3 . . . 43297 127 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 127 2 _ _ NNP 43297 127 3 From from IN 43297 127 4 Miers Miers NNP 43297 127 5 ' ' POS 43297 127 6 _ _ NNP 43297 127 7 Mineralogy Mineralogy NNP 43297 127 8 _ _ NNP 43297 127 9 by by IN 43297 127 10 permission permission NN 43297 127 11 of of IN 43297 127 12 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 43297 127 13 & & CC 43297 127 14 Co. Co. NNP 43297 127 15 _ _ NNP 43297 127 16 ) ) -RRB- 43297 127 17 _ _ NNP 43297 127 18 Carbon Carbon NNP 43297 127 19 _ _ NNP 43297 127 20 , , , 43297 127 21 either either CC 43297 127 22 free free JJ 43297 127 23 or or CC 43297 127 24 as as IN 43297 127 25 hydrocarbons hydrocarbon NNS 43297 127 26 ( ( -LRB- 43297 127 27 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 127 28 vegetable vegetable JJ 43297 127 29 matter matter NN 43297 127 30 ) ) -RRB- 43297 127 31 or or CC 43297 127 32 in in IN 43297 127 33 other other JJ 43297 127 34 forms form NNS 43297 127 35 , , , 43297 127 36 is be VBZ 43297 127 37 a a DT 43297 127 38 constituent constituent NN 43297 127 39 of of IN 43297 127 40 most most JJS 43297 127 41 clays clay NNS 43297 127 42 , , , 43297 127 43 though though IN 43297 127 44 seldom seldom RB 43297 127 45 reported report VBN 43297 127 46 in in IN 43297 127 47 analyses analysis NNS 43297 127 48 . . . 43297 128 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 128 2 presence presence NN 43297 128 3 exercises exercise VBZ 43297 128 4 an an DT 43297 128 5 important important JJ 43297 128 6 influence influence NN 43297 128 7 in in IN 43297 128 8 several several JJ 43297 128 9 respects respect NNS 43297 128 10 . . . 43297 129 1 On on IN 43297 129 2 heating heat VBG 43297 129 3 the the DT 43297 129 4 clay clay NN 43297 129 5 , , , 43297 129 6 with with IN 43297 129 7 an an DT 43297 129 8 ample ample JJ 43297 129 9 supply supply NN 43297 129 10 of of IN 43297 129 11 air air NN 43297 129 12 , , , 43297 129 13 the the DT 43297 129 14 carbonaceous carbonaceous JJ 43297 129 15 matter matter NN 43297 129 16 may may MD 43297 129 17 distil distil VB 43297 129 18 off off RP 43297 129 19 ( ( -LRB- 43297 129 20 as as IN 43297 129 21 shale shale JJ 43297 129 22 oil oil NN 43297 129 23 ) ) -RRB- 43297 129 24 , , , 43297 129 25 but but CC 43297 129 26 more more RBR 43297 129 27 usually usually RB 43297 129 28 it -PRON- PRP 43297 129 29 decomposes decompose VBZ 43297 129 30 and and CC 43297 129 31 burns burn VBZ 43297 129 32 out out RP 43297 129 33 leaving leave VBG 43297 129 34 pores pore NNS 43297 129 35 in in IN 43297 129 36 the the DT 43297 129 37 material material NN 43297 129 38 . . . 43297 130 1 If if IN 43297 130 2 the the DT 43297 130 3 air air NN 43297 130 4 - - HYPH 43297 130 5 supply supply NN 43297 130 6 is be VBZ 43297 130 7 insufficient insufficient JJ 43297 130 8 and and CC 43297 130 9 the the DT 43297 130 10 heating heating NN 43297 130 11 is be VBZ 43297 130 12 so so RB 43297 130 13 rapid rapid JJ 43297 130 14 and and CC 43297 130 15 intense intense JJ 43297 130 16 that that IN 43297 130 17 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 130 18 commences commence NNS 43297 130 19 before before IN 43297 130 20 the the DT 43297 130 21 carbon carbon NN 43297 130 22 is be VBZ 43297 130 23 all all DT 43297 130 24 burned burn VBN 43297 130 25 away away RB 43297 130 26 , , , 43297 130 27 the the DT 43297 130 28 pores pore NNS 43297 130 29 become become VBP 43297 130 30 filled fill VBN 43297 130 31 with with IN 43297 130 32 the the DT 43297 130 33 fused fuse VBN 43297 130 34 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 130 35 of of IN 43297 130 36 the the DT 43297 130 37 clay clay NN 43297 130 38 , , , 43297 130 39 air air NN 43297 130 40 can can MD 43297 130 41 no no RB 43297 130 42 longer longer RB 43297 130 43 reach reach VB 43297 130 44 the the DT 43297 130 45 carbon carbon NN 43297 130 46 particles particle NNS 43297 130 47 and and CC 43297 130 48 a a DT 43297 130 49 black black JJ 43297 130 50 ' ' `` 43297 130 51 core core NN 43297 130 52 ' ' '' 43297 130 53 or or CC 43297 130 54 heart heart NN 43297 130 55 is be VBZ 43297 130 56 produced produce VBN 43297 130 57 . . . 43297 131 1 Under under IN 43297 131 2 peculiarly peculiarly JJ 43297 131 3 disadvantageous disadvantageous JJ 43297 131 4 conditions condition NNS 43297 131 5 the the DT 43297 131 6 material material NN 43297 131 7 may may MD 43297 131 8 also also RB 43297 131 9 swell swell VB 43297 131 10 greatly greatly RB 43297 131 11 . . . 43297 132 1 This this DT 43297 132 2 is be VBZ 43297 132 3 a a DT 43297 132 4 serious serious JJ 43297 132 5 defect defect NN 43297 132 6 in in IN 43297 132 7 many many JJ 43297 132 8 classes class NNS 43297 132 9 of of IN 43297 132 10 clay clay NN 43297 132 11 used use VBN 43297 132 12 for for IN 43297 132 13 brickmaking brickmaking NN 43297 132 14 , , , 43297 132 15 and and CC 43297 132 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 132 17 causes cause NNS 43297 132 18 and and CC 43297 132 19 prevention prevention NN 43297 132 20 have have VBP 43297 132 21 been be VBN 43297 132 22 exhaustively exhaustively RB 43297 132 23 studied study VBN 43297 132 24 by by IN 43297 132 25 Orton Orton NNP 43297 132 26 and and CC 43297 132 27 Griffiths Griffiths NNP 43297 132 28 ( ( -LRB- 43297 132 29 1)[3 1)[3 NNP 43297 132 30 ] ] -RRB- 43297 132 31 but but CC 43297 132 32 , , , 43297 132 33 beyond beyond IN 43297 132 34 the the DT 43297 132 35 brief brief JJ 43297 132 36 summary summary NN 43297 132 37 given give VBN 43297 132 38 above above RB 43297 132 39 , , , 43297 132 40 these these DT 43297 132 41 are be VBP 43297 132 42 beyond beyond IN 43297 132 43 the the DT 43297 132 44 scope scope NN 43297 132 45 of of IN 43297 132 46 the the DT 43297 132 47 present present JJ 43297 132 48 work work NN 43297 132 49 . . . 43297 133 1 _ _ NNP 43297 133 2 Water Water NNP 43297 133 3 _ _ NNP 43297 133 4 is be VBZ 43297 133 5 an an DT 43297 133 6 essential essential JJ 43297 133 7 constituent constituent NN 43297 133 8 of of IN 43297 133 9 all all DT 43297 133 10 unburned unburned JJ 43297 133 11 clays clay NNS 43297 133 12 , , , 43297 133 13 though though IN 43297 133 14 the the DT 43297 133 15 proportion proportion NN 43297 133 16 in in IN 43297 133 17 which which WDT 43297 133 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 133 19 occurs occur VBZ 43297 133 20 varies varie NNS 43297 133 21 within within IN 43297 133 22 such such JJ 43297 133 23 wide wide JJ 43297 133 24 limits limit NNS 43297 133 25 that that WDT 43297 133 26 no no DT 43297 133 27 definite definite JJ 43297 133 28 standard standard NN 43297 133 29 can can MD 43297 133 30 be be VB 43297 133 31 stated state VBN 43297 133 32 . . . 43297 134 1 This this DT 43297 134 2 water water NN 43297 134 3 is be VBZ 43297 134 4 found find VBN 43297 134 5 in in IN 43297 134 6 two two CD 43297 134 7 conditions condition NNS 43297 134 8 : : : 43297 134 9 ( ( -LRB- 43297 134 10 _ _ NNP 43297 134 11 a a DT 43297 134 12 _ _ NNP 43297 134 13 ) ) -RRB- 43297 134 14 as as IN 43297 134 15 moisture moisture NN 43297 134 16 or or CC 43297 134 17 mechanically mechanically RB 43297 134 18 mixed mixed JJ 43297 134 19 with with IN 43297 134 20 the the DT 43297 134 21 clay clay NN 43297 134 22 particles particle NNS 43297 134 23 and and CC 43297 134 24 ( ( -LRB- 43297 134 25 _ _ NNP 43297 134 26 b b NNP 43297 134 27 _ _ NNP 43297 134 28 ) ) -RRB- 43297 134 29 in in IN 43297 134 30 a a DT 43297 134 31 state state NN 43297 134 32 of of IN 43297 134 33 chemical chemical NN 43297 134 34 combination combination NN 43297 134 35 . . . 43297 135 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 135 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 135 3 3 3 CD 43297 135 4 : : : 43297 135 5 References reference NNS 43297 135 6 to to IN 43297 135 7 original original JJ 43297 135 8 papers paper NNS 43297 135 9 , , , 43297 135 10 etc etc FW 43297 135 11 . . . 43297 136 1 will will MD 43297 136 2 be be VB 43297 136 3 found find VBN 43297 136 4 in in IN 43297 136 5 the the DT 43297 136 6 appendix appendix NNP 43297 136 7 . . . 43297 136 8 ] ] -RRB- 43297 137 1 ANALYSES analysis NNS 43297 137 2 OF of IN 43297 137 3 TYPICAL typical JJ 43297 137 4 CLAYS clay NNS 43297 137 5 _ _ NNP 43297 137 6 The the DT 43297 137 7 samples sample NNS 43297 137 8 were be VBD 43297 137 9 all all DT 43297 137 10 dried dry VBN 43297 137 11 at at IN 43297 137 12 105 105 CD 43297 137 13 ° ° NNS 43297 137 14 C. C. NNP 43297 137 15 _ _ NNP 43297 137 16 + + NNP 43297 137 17 -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ NNP 43297 137 18 | | NNP 43297 137 19 Clay Clay NNP 43297 137 20 | | NNP 43297 137 21 China China NNP 43297 137 22 | | NNP 43297 137 23 Ball Ball NNP 43297 137 24 |Fireclay |Fireclay NNP 43297 137 25 | | NNP 43297 137 26 Brick Brick NNP 43297 137 27 |Boulder| |boulder| NN 43297 137 28 Marl Marl NNP 43297 137 29 | | HYPH 43297 137 30 | | NNP 43297 137 31 | | NNP 43297 137 32 Clay Clay NNP 43297 137 33 | | NNP 43297 137 34 Clay Clay NNP 43297 137 35 | | NNP 43297 137 36 | | NNP 43297 137 37 Clay Clay NNP 43297 137 38 | | NNP 43297 137 39 Clay Clay NNP 43297 137 40 | | NNP 43297 137 41 | | NNP 43297 137 42 + + CD 43297 137 43 -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ NNP 43297 137 44 | | NNP 43297 137 45 Locality Locality NNP 43297 137 46 |Cornwall| |cornwall| NN 43297 137 47 Dorset|Yorkshire|Midlands| dorset|yorkshire|midlands| NN 43297 137 48 Lancs.|Suffolk| lancs.|suffolk| JJ 43297 137 49 + + SYM 43297 137 50 -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ FW 43297 137 51 |Ultimate |Ultimate NNP 43297 137 52 Analysis analysis NN 43297 137 53 : : : 43297 137 54 | | NNP 43297 137 55 | | CD 43297 137 56 | | CD 43297 137 57 | | CD 43297 137 58 | | CD 43297 137 59 | | CD 43297 137 60 | | NNP 43297 137 61 | | NNP 43297 137 62 Silica Silica NNP 43297 137 63 | | NNP 43297 137 64 47·1 47·1 NNP 43297 137 65 | | CD 43297 137 66 49·1 49·1 CD 43297 137 67 | | NNP 43297 137 68 68·9 68·9 NNP 43297 137 69 | | NNP 43297 137 70 57·7 57·7 NNP 43297 137 71 | | NNP 43297 137 72 63·7 63·7 NNP 43297 137 73 | | NNP 43297 137 74 43·7 43·7 NNP 43297 137 75 | | NNP 43297 137 76 | | NNP 43297 137 77 Alumina Alumina NNP 43297 137 78 | | NNP 43297 137 79 39·1 39·1 NNP 43297 137 80 | | NNP 43297 137 81 33·7 33·7 NNP 43297 137 82 | | NNP 43297 137 83 19·3 19·3 NNP 43297 137 84 | | NNP 43297 137 85 24·3 24·3 CD 43297 137 86 | | NNP 43297 137 87 20·4 20·4 CD 43297 137 88 | | NNP 43297 137 89 15·5 15·5 NNP 43297 137 90 | | NNP 43297 137 91 | | NNP 43297 137 92 Ferric Ferric NNP 43297 137 93 oxide oxide NN 43297 137 94 | | CD 43297 137 95 · · NFP 43297 137 96 6 6 CD 43297 137 97 | | CD 43297 137 98 1·2 1·2 CD 43297 137 99 | | CD 43297 137 100 1·0 1·0 CD 43297 137 101 | | CD 43297 137 102 5·0 5·0 CD 43297 137 103 | | CD 43297 137 104 3·0 3·0 CD 43297 137 105 | | CD 43297 137 106 5·2 5·2 CD 43297 137 107 | | CD 43297 137 108 | | NNP 43297 137 109 Titanium Titanium NNP 43297 137 110 oxide oxide NN 43297 137 111 | | NNP 43297 137 112 -- -- : 43297 137 113 | | CD 43297 137 114 · · NFP 43297 137 115 2 2 CD 43297 137 116 | | CD 43297 137 117 1·8 1·8 CD 43297 137 118 | | CD 43297 137 119 · · NFP 43297 137 120 1 1 CD 43297 137 121 | | CD 43297 137 122 · · SYM 43297 137 123 2 2 CD 43297 137 124 | | CD 43297 137 125 -- -- : 43297 137 126 | | CD 43297 137 127 | | NNP 43297 137 128 Lime Lime NNP 43297 137 129 | | NNP 43297 137 130 · · NFP 43297 137 131 4 4 CD 43297 137 132 | | CD 43297 137 133 · · NFP 43297 137 134 8 8 CD 43297 137 135 | | CD 43297 137 136 · · NFP 43297 137 137 9 9 CD 43297 137 138 | | CD 43297 137 139 3·7 3·7 CD 43297 137 140 | | CD 43297 137 141 4·3 4·3 CD 43297 137 142 | | CD 43297 137 143 16·3 16·3 CD 43297 137 144 | | NNP 43297 137 145 | | NNP 43297 137 146 Magnesia Magnesia NNP 43297 137 147 | | NNP 43297 137 148 · · SYM 43297 137 149 2 2 CD 43297 137 150 | | CD 43297 137 151 · · NFP 43297 137 152 3 3 CD 43297 137 153 | | CD 43297 137 154 · · NFP 43297 137 155 3 3 CD 43297 137 156 | | CD 43297 137 157 2·5 2·5 CD 43297 137 158 | | CD 43297 137 159 2·7 2·7 CD 43297 137 160 | | CD 43297 137 161 2·1 2·1 CD 43297 137 162 | | CD 43297 137 163 | | CD 43297 137 164 Potash Potash NNP 43297 137 165 and and CC 43297 137 166 Soda Soda NNP 43297 137 167 | | NNP 43297 137 168 · · NFP 43297 137 169 3 3 CD 43297 137 170 | | CD 43297 137 171 2·5 2·5 CD 43297 137 172 | | CD 43297 137 173 · · NFP 43297 137 174 9 9 CD 43297 137 175 | | CD 43297 137 176 2·8 2·8 CD 43297 137 177 | | CD 43297 137 178 2·9 2·9 CD 43297 137 179 | | CD 43297 137 180 · · NFP 43297 137 181 7 7 CD 43297 137 182 | | CD 43297 137 183 | | NNP 43297 137 184 Carbon Carbon NNP 43297 137 185 | | NNP 43297 137 186 2·6 2·6 CD 43297 137 187 | | CD 43297 137 188 4·3 4·3 CD 43297 137 189 | | CD 43297 137 190 1·8 1·8 CD 43297 137 191 | | CD 43297 137 192 1·6 1·6 CD 43297 137 193 | | CD 43297 137 194 · · NFP 43297 137 195 4 4 CD 43297 137 196 | | CD 43297 137 197 1·6 1·6 CD 43297 137 198 | | CD 43297 137 199 | | NNP 43297 137 200 Water Water NNP 43297 137 201 | | NNP 43297 137 202 9·3 9·3 CD 43297 137 203 | | CD 43297 137 204 7·7 7·7 CD 43297 137 205 | | CD 43297 137 206 4·8 4·8 CD 43297 137 207 | | CD 43297 137 208 2·0 2·0 CD 43297 137 209 | | CD 43297 137 210 2·2 2·2 CD 43297 137 211 | | CD 43297 137 212 2·4 2·4 CD 43297 137 213 | | CD 43297 137 214 | | NNP 43297 137 215 Other other JJ 43297 137 216 Matter Matter NNP 43297 137 217 | | NNS 43297 137 218 · · NFP 43297 137 219 4 4 CD 43297 137 220 | | CD 43297 137 221 · · SYM 43297 137 222 2 2 CD 43297 137 223 | | CD 43297 137 224 · · NFP 43297 137 225 3 3 CD 43297 137 226 | | CD 43297 137 227 · · NFP 43297 137 228 3 3 CD 43297 137 229 | | CD 43297 137 230 · · SYM 43297 137 231 2 2 CD 43297 137 232 | | CD 43297 137 233 12·5 12·5 CD 43297 137 234 | | CD 43297 137 235 + + CC 43297 137 236 -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ NNP 43297 137 237 | | NNP 43297 137 238 Total total JJ 43297 137 239 | | NNP 43297 137 240 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 241 | | CD 43297 137 242 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 243 | | CD 43297 137 244 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 245 | | CD 43297 137 246 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 247 | | CD 43297 137 248 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 249 | | CD 43297 137 250 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 251 | | CD 43297 137 252 + + CD 43297 137 253 -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ NN 43297 137 254 |Proximate |Proximate NNP 43297 137 255 Analysis:| Analysis:| NNP 43297 137 256 | | NNP 43297 137 257 | | NNP 43297 137 258 | | CD 43297 137 259 | | CD 43297 137 260 | | CD 43297 137 261 | | CD 43297 137 262 | | NNP 43297 137 263 Gravel Gravel NNP 43297 137 264 and and CC 43297 137 265 Sand Sand NNP 43297 137 266 | | NNP 43297 137 267 -- -- : 43297 137 268 | | NNP 43297 137 269 8·4 8·4 CD 43297 137 270 | | CD 43297 137 271 4·6 4·6 CD 43297 137 272 | | CD 43297 137 273 22·1 22·1 CD 43297 137 274 | | CD 43297 137 275 23·1 23·1 CD 43297 137 276 | | CD 43297 137 277 9·2 9·2 CD 43297 137 278 | | CD 43297 137 279 | | NNP 43297 137 280 Silt Silt NNP 43297 137 281 | | NNP 43297 137 282 -- -- : 43297 137 283 | | CD 43297 137 284 4·8 4·8 CD 43297 137 285 | | CD 43297 137 286 9·0 9·0 CD 43297 137 287 | | CD 43297 137 288 3·1 3·1 CD 43297 137 289 | | CD 43297 137 290 8·4 8·4 CD 43297 137 291 | | CD 43297 137 292 16·0 16·0 NNP 43297 137 293 | | NNP 43297 137 294 | | NNS 43297 137 295 Felspar- Felspar- NNP 43297 137 296 and and CC 43297 137 297 mica-| mica-| NNP 43297 137 298 | | NNP 43297 137 299 | | NNP 43297 137 300 | | CD 43297 137 301 | | CD 43297 137 302 | | CD 43297 137 303 | | CD 43297 137 304 | | CD 43297 137 305 dust dust NN 43297 137 306 | | CD 43297 137 307 5·2 5·2 CD 43297 137 308 | | NNP 43297 137 309 15·4 15·4 NNP 43297 137 310 | | NNP 43297 137 311 10·3 10·3 NNP 43297 137 312 | | CD 43297 137 313 24·3 24·3 NNP 43297 137 314 | | CD 43297 137 315 18·5 18·5 CD 43297 137 316 | | CD 43297 137 317 8·9 8·9 CD 43297 137 318 | | CD 43297 137 319 | | NNP 43297 137 320 Silica Silica NNP 43297 137 321 - - HYPH 43297 137 322 dust dust NN 43297 137 323 | | CD 43297 137 324 3·1 3·1 CD 43297 137 325 | | CD 43297 137 326 4·0 4·0 CD 43297 137 327 | | CD 43297 137 328 38·0 38·0 CD 43297 137 329 | | CD 43297 137 330 3·1 3·1 CD 43297 137 331 | | CD 43297 137 332 12·6 12·6 CD 43297 137 333 | | CD 43297 137 334 2·0 2·0 CD 43297 137 335 | | CD 43297 137 336 | | CD 43297 137 337 Free free JJ 43297 137 338 calcium calcium NN 43297 137 339 | | CD 43297 137 340 | | NNP 43297 137 341 | | CD 43297 137 342 | | CD 43297 137 343 | | CD 43297 137 344 | | CD 43297 137 345 | | CD 43297 137 346 | | CD 43297 137 347 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 137 348 | | CD 43297 137 349 -- -- : 43297 137 350 | | JJ 43297 137 351 -- -- : 43297 137 352 | | NNP 43297 137 353 -- -- : 43297 137 354 | | CD 43297 137 355 2·1 2·1 CD 43297 137 356 | | NNS 43297 137 357 · · NFP 43297 137 358 2 2 CD 43297 137 359 | | CD 43297 137 360 28·4 28·4 CD 43297 137 361 | | CD 43297 137 362 | | CD 43297 137 363 Free Free NNP 43297 137 364 iron iron NN 43297 137 365 oxide oxide NN 43297 137 366 | | CD 43297 137 367 | | CD 43297 137 368 | | CD 43297 137 369 | | CD 43297 137 370 | | CD 43297 137 371 | | CD 43297 137 372 | | CD 43297 137 373 | | NNS 43297 137 374 and and CC 43297 137 375 pyrites pyrite VBZ 43297 137 376 | | CD 43297 137 377 · · SYM 43297 137 378 4 4 CD 43297 137 379 | | CD 43297 137 380 · · NFP 43297 137 381 9 9 CD 43297 137 382 | | CD 43297 137 383 · · NFP 43297 137 384 7 7 CD 43297 137 385 | | CD 43297 137 386 4·2 4·2 CD 43297 137 387 | | CD 43297 137 388 1·6 1·6 CD 43297 137 389 | | CD 43297 137 390 3·9 3·9 CD 43297 137 391 | | CD 43297 137 392 | | NNS 43297 137 393 ' ' POS 43297 137 394 True true JJ 43297 137 395 clay clay NN 43297 137 396 ' ' '' 43297 137 397 | | NNP 43297 137 398 91·3 91·3 CD 43297 137 399 | | NNP 43297 137 400 66·5 66·5 CD 43297 137 401 | | NNP 43297 137 402 37·4 37·4 NNP 43297 137 403 | | CD 43297 137 404 41·1 41·1 CD 43297 137 405 | | NNP 43297 137 406 35·6 35·6 NNP 43297 137 407 | | NNP 43297 137 408 31·6 31·6 NNP 43297 137 409 | | CD 43297 137 410 + + CC 43297 137 411 -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ NNP 43297 137 412 | | NNP 43297 137 413 Total total JJ 43297 137 414 | | NNP 43297 137 415 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 416 | | CD 43297 137 417 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 418 | | CD 43297 137 419 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 420 | | CD 43297 137 421 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 422 | | CD 43297 137 423 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 424 | | CD 43297 137 425 100·0 100·0 CD 43297 137 426 | | CD 43297 137 427 + + SYM 43297 137 428 -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ -------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------+-------+-------+ . 43297 137 429 For for IN 43297 137 430 other other JJ 43297 137 431 analyses analyse VBZ 43297 137 432 the the DT 43297 137 433 books book NNS 43297 137 434 in in IN 43297 137 435 the the DT 43297 137 436 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 43297 137 437 at at IN 43297 137 438 the the DT 43297 137 439 end end NN 43297 137 440 of of IN 43297 137 441 the the DT 43297 137 442 present present JJ 43297 137 443 volume volume NN 43297 137 444 should should MD 43297 137 445 be be VB 43297 137 446 consulted consult VBN 43297 137 447 , , , 43297 137 448 particularly particularly RB 43297 137 449 No no UH 43297 137 450 . . . 43297 138 1 2 2 LS 43297 138 2 , , , 43297 138 3 _ _ NNP 43297 138 4 i.e. i.e. FW 43297 138 5 _ _ NNP 43297 138 6 _ _ NNP 43297 138 7 British British NNP 43297 138 8 Clays Clays NNP 43297 138 9 , , , 43297 138 10 Shales Shales NNP 43297 138 11 and and CC 43297 138 12 Sands Sands NNPS 43297 138 13 _ _ NNP 43297 138 14 . . . 43297 139 1 The the DT 43297 139 2 amount amount NN 43297 139 3 of of IN 43297 139 4 mechanically mechanically RB 43297 139 5 mixed mix VBN 43297 139 6 water water NN 43297 139 7 will will MD 43297 139 8 naturally naturally RB 43297 139 9 vary vary VB 43297 139 10 with with IN 43297 139 11 the the DT 43297 139 12 conditions condition NNS 43297 139 13 to to TO 43297 139 14 which which WDT 43297 139 15 the the DT 43297 139 16 clay clay NN 43297 139 17 has have VBZ 43297 139 18 been be VBN 43297 139 19 subjected subject VBN 43297 139 20 ; ; : 43297 139 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 139 22 will will MD 43297 139 23 be be VB 43297 139 24 greatest great JJS 43297 139 25 in in IN 43297 139 26 wet wet JJ 43297 139 27 situations situation NNS 43297 139 28 and and CC 43297 139 29 will will MD 43297 139 30 diminish diminish VB 43297 139 31 as as IN 43297 139 32 the the DT 43297 139 33 clay clay NN 43297 139 34 is be VBZ 43297 139 35 allowed allow VBN 43297 139 36 to to TO 43297 139 37 dry dry VB 43297 139 38 . . . 43297 140 1 The the DT 43297 140 2 ' ' `` 43297 140 3 combined combine VBN 43297 140 4 water water NN 43297 140 5 , , , 43297 140 6 ' ' '' 43297 140 7 on on IN 43297 140 8 the the DT 43297 140 9 contrary contrary NN 43297 140 10 , , , 43297 140 11 appears appear VBZ 43297 140 12 to to TO 43297 140 13 be be VB 43297 140 14 a a DT 43297 140 15 function function NN 43297 140 16 of of IN 43297 140 17 the the DT 43297 140 18 true true JJ 43297 140 19 clay clay NN 43297 140 20 present present NN 43297 140 21 in in IN 43297 140 22 the the DT 43297 140 23 material material NN 43297 140 24 , , , 43297 140 25 and and CC 43297 140 26 reaches reach VBZ 43297 140 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 140 28 highest high JJS 43297 140 29 proportions proportion NNS 43297 140 30 in in IN 43297 140 31 the the DT 43297 140 32 china china NNP 43297 140 33 clays clay NNS 43297 140 34 and and CC 43297 140 35 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 140 36 , , , 43297 140 37 which which WDT 43297 140 38 contain contain VBP 43297 140 39 approximately approximately RB 43297 140 40 13 13 CD 43297 140 41 per per NN 43297 140 42 cent cent NN 43297 140 43 . . . 43297 141 1 On on IN 43297 141 2 heating heat VBG 43297 141 3 a a DT 43297 141 4 clay clay NN 43297 141 5 to to IN 43297 141 6 105 105 CD 43297 141 7 ° ° NNS 43297 141 8 C. C. NNP 43297 141 9 the the DT 43297 141 10 moisture moisture NN 43297 141 11 or or CC 43297 141 12 mechanically mechanically RB 43297 141 13 mixed mixed JJ 43297 141 14 water water NN 43297 141 15 is be VBZ 43297 141 16 evaporated evaporate VBN 43297 141 17 , , , 43297 141 18 but but CC 43297 141 19 the the DT 43297 141 20 combined combined JJ 43297 141 21 water water NN 43297 141 22 remains remain VBZ 43297 141 23 unaffected[4 unaffected[4 NNP 43297 141 24 ] ] -RRB- 43297 141 25 until until IN 43297 141 26 the the DT 43297 141 27 temperature temperature NN 43297 141 28 is be VBZ 43297 141 29 raised raise VBN 43297 141 30 to to IN 43297 141 31 more more JJR 43297 141 32 than than IN 43297 141 33 600 600 CD 43297 141 34 ° ° NNS 43297 141 35 C. C. NNP 43297 141 36 , , , 43297 141 37 when when WRB 43297 141 38 it -PRON- PRP 43297 141 39 is be VBZ 43297 141 40 driven drive VBN 43297 141 41 off off RP 43297 141 42 and and CC 43297 141 43 the the DT 43297 141 44 clay clay NN 43297 141 45 is be VBZ 43297 141 46 converted convert VBN 43297 141 47 into into IN 43297 141 48 a a DT 43297 141 49 hard hard JJ 43297 141 50 stone stone NN 43297 141 51 - - HYPH 43297 141 52 like like JJ 43297 141 53 mass mass NN 43297 141 54 with with IN 43297 141 55 properties property NNS 43297 141 56 entirely entirely RB 43297 141 57 different different JJ 43297 141 58 from from IN 43297 141 59 those those DT 43297 141 60 it -PRON- PRP 43297 141 61 previously previously RB 43297 141 62 possessed possess VBD 43297 141 63 ( ( -LRB- 43297 141 64 see see VB 43297 141 65 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 141 66 VI VI NNP 43297 141 67 ) ) -RRB- 43297 141 68 . . . 43297 142 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 142 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 142 3 4 4 CD 43297 142 4 : : : 43297 142 5 Strictly strictly RB 43297 142 6 , , , 43297 142 7 there there EX 43297 142 8 is be VBZ 43297 142 9 a a DT 43297 142 10 slight slight JJ 43297 142 11 loss loss NN 43297 142 12 at at IN 43297 142 13 lower low JJR 43297 142 14 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 142 15 , , , 43297 142 16 but but CC 43297 142 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 142 18 is be VBZ 43297 142 19 too too RB 43297 142 20 small small JJ 43297 142 21 to to TO 43297 142 22 be be VB 43297 142 23 important important JJ 43297 142 24 . . . 43297 142 25 ] ] -RRB- 43297 143 1 The the DT 43297 143 2 Physical physical JJ 43297 143 3 Characters Characters NNPS 43297 143 4 of of IN 43297 143 5 Clays clay NNS 43297 143 6 . . . 43297 144 1 The the DT 43297 144 2 physical physical JJ 43297 144 3 characters character NNS 43297 144 4 of of IN 43297 144 5 clays clay NNS 43297 144 6 are be VBP 43297 144 7 of of IN 43297 144 8 far far RB 43297 144 9 more more JJR 43297 144 10 interest interest NN 43297 144 11 and and CC 43297 144 12 importance importance NN 43297 144 13 than than IN 43297 144 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 144 15 chemical chemical JJ 43297 144 16 ones one NNS 43297 144 17 , , , 43297 144 18 though though IN 43297 144 19 the the DT 43297 144 20 two two CD 43297 144 21 are be VBP 43297 144 22 naturally naturally RB 43297 144 23 connected connect VBN 43297 144 24 in in IN 43297 144 25 many many JJ 43297 144 26 ways way NNS 43297 144 27 , , , 43297 144 28 and and CC 43297 144 29 just just RB 43297 144 30 as as IN 43297 144 31 the the DT 43297 144 32 chemical chemical JJ 43297 144 33 composition composition NN 43297 144 34 of of IN 43297 144 35 clays clay NNS 43297 144 36 is be VBZ 43297 144 37 a a DT 43297 144 38 subject subject NN 43297 144 39 of of IN 43297 144 40 extreme extreme JJ 43297 144 41 complexity complexity NN 43297 144 42 so so RB 43297 144 43 is be VBZ 43297 144 44 a a DT 43297 144 45 study study NN 43297 144 46 of of IN 43297 144 47 many many JJ 43297 144 48 of of IN 43297 144 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 144 50 physical physical JJ 43297 144 51 properties property NNS 43297 144 52 . . . 43297 145 1 Hence hence RB 43297 145 2 only only RB 43297 145 3 a a DT 43297 145 4 few few JJ 43297 145 5 of of IN 43297 145 6 the the DT 43297 145 7 more more RBR 43297 145 8 important important JJ 43297 145 9 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 145 10 can can MD 43297 145 11 be be VB 43297 145 12 mentioned mention VBN 43297 145 13 here here RB 43297 145 14 : : : 43297 145 15 for for IN 43297 145 16 further further JJ 43297 145 17 details detail NNS 43297 145 18 the the DT 43297 145 19 reader reader NN 43297 145 20 must must MD 43297 145 21 consult consult VB 43297 145 22 a a DT 43297 145 23 larger large JJR 43297 145 24 treatise treatise NN 43297 145 25 ( ( -LRB- 43297 145 26 2 2 CD 43297 145 27 ) ) -RRB- 43297 145 28 . . . 43297 146 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 146 2 are be VBP 43297 146 3 moderately moderately RB 43297 146 4 soft soft JJ 43297 146 5 , , , 43297 146 6 solid solid JJ 43297 146 7 bodies body NNS 43297 146 8 , , , 43297 146 9 particularly particularly RB 43297 146 10 when when WRB 43297 146 11 moistened moisten VBN 43297 146 12 , , , 43297 146 13 and and CC 43297 146 14 can can MD 43297 146 15 usually usually RB 43297 146 16 be be VB 43297 146 17 cut cut VBN 43297 146 18 with with IN 43297 146 19 a a DT 43297 146 20 knife knife NN 43297 146 21 , , , 43297 146 22 though though IN 43297 146 23 some some DT 43297 146 24 indurated indurated JJ 43297 146 25 clays clay NNS 43297 146 26 and and CC 43297 146 27 shales shale NNS 43297 146 28 are be VBP 43297 146 29 almost almost RB 43297 146 30 as as RB 43297 146 31 hard hard JJ 43297 146 32 as as IN 43297 146 33 felspar felspar NNS 43297 146 34 . . . 43297 147 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 147 2 apparent apparent JJ 43297 147 3 specific specific JJ 43297 147 4 gravity gravity NN 43297 147 5 varies vary VBZ 43297 147 6 greatly greatly RB 43297 147 7 , , , 43297 147 8 some some DT 43297 147 9 clays clay NNS 43297 147 10 being be VBG 43297 147 11 much much RB 43297 147 12 more more RBR 43297 147 13 porous porous JJ 43297 147 14 than than IN 43297 147 15 others other NNS 43297 147 16 , , , 43297 147 17 but but CC 43297 147 18 the the DT 43297 147 19 true true JJ 43297 147 20 specific specific JJ 43297 147 21 gravity gravity NN 43297 147 22 is be VBZ 43297 147 23 usually usually RB 43297 147 24 between between IN 43297 147 25 2·5 2·5 CD 43297 147 26 and and CC 43297 147 27 2·65 2·65 CD 43297 147 28 ; ; : 43297 147 29 it -PRON- PRP 43297 147 30 is be VBZ 43297 147 31 similar similar JJ 43297 147 32 to to IN 43297 147 33 that that DT 43297 147 34 of of IN 43297 147 35 quartz quartz NN 43297 147 36 and and CC 43297 147 37 slightly slightly RB 43297 147 38 lower low JJR 43297 147 39 than than IN 43297 147 40 that that DT 43297 147 41 of of IN 43297 147 42 felspar felspar NNP 43297 147 43 and and CC 43297 147 44 mica mica NNP 43297 147 45 . . . 43297 148 1 Many many JJ 43297 148 2 clays clay NNS 43297 148 3 appear appear VBP 43297 148 4 to to TO 43297 148 5 be be VB 43297 148 6 devoid devoid JJ 43297 148 7 of of IN 43297 148 8 structure structure NN 43297 148 9 , , , 43297 148 10 but but CC 43297 148 11 those those DT 43297 148 12 obtained obtain VBN 43297 148 13 from from IN 43297 148 14 a a DT 43297 148 15 considerable considerable JJ 43297 148 16 depth depth NN 43297 148 17 below below IN 43297 148 18 the the DT 43297 148 19 surface surface NN 43297 148 20 are be VBP 43297 148 21 frequently frequently RB 43297 148 22 laminated laminate VBN 43297 148 23 and and CC 43297 148 24 have have VB 43297 148 25 a a DT 43297 148 26 structure structure NN 43297 148 27 not not RB 43297 148 28 unlike unlike IN 43297 148 29 that that DT 43297 148 30 of of IN 43297 148 31 mica mica NNP 43297 148 32 . . . 43297 149 1 This this DT 43297 149 2 will will MD 43297 149 3 be be VB 43297 149 4 discussed discuss VBN 43297 149 5 later later RB 43297 149 6 . . . 43297 150 1 Examined examine VBN 43297 150 2 under under IN 43297 150 3 a a DT 43297 150 4 microscope microscope NN 43297 150 5 , , , 43297 150 6 clays clay NNS 43297 150 7 are be VBP 43297 150 8 seen see VBN 43297 150 9 to to TO 43297 150 10 consist consist VB 43297 150 11 of of IN 43297 150 12 grains grain NNS 43297 150 13 of of IN 43297 150 14 a a DT 43297 150 15 variety variety NN 43297 150 16 of of IN 43297 150 17 sizes size NNS 43297 150 18 , , , 43297 150 19 the the DT 43297 150 20 largest large JJS 43297 150 21 of of IN 43297 150 22 which which WDT 43297 150 23 will will MD 43297 150 24 usually usually RB 43297 150 25 be be VB 43297 150 26 found find VBN 43297 150 27 to to TO 43297 150 28 be be VB 43297 150 29 composed compose VBN 43297 150 30 of of IN 43297 150 31 adventitious adventitious JJ 43297 150 32 materials material NNS 43297 150 33 such such JJ 43297 150 34 as as IN 43297 150 35 sand sand NN 43297 150 36 , , , 43297 150 37 quartz quartz NNP 43297 150 38 , , , 43297 150 39 felspar felspar NNP 43297 150 40 , , , 43297 150 41 mica mica NNP 43297 150 42 , , , 43297 150 43 chalk chalk NNP 43297 150 44 and and CC 43297 150 45 limestone limestone NN 43297 150 46 . . . 43297 151 1 The the DT 43297 151 2 smallest small JJS 43297 151 3 particles particle NNS 43297 151 4 -- -- : 43297 151 5 to to TO 43297 151 6 which which WDT 43297 151 7 clays clay NNS 43297 151 8 owe owe VBP 43297 151 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 151 10 chief chief JJ 43297 151 11 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 151 12 -- -- : 43297 151 13 are be VBP 43297 151 14 so so RB 43297 151 15 minute minute JJ 43297 151 16 as as IN 43297 151 17 to to TO 43297 151 18 make make VB 43297 151 19 any any DT 43297 151 20 examination examination NN 43297 151 21 of of IN 43297 151 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 151 23 shape shape NN 43297 151 24 very very RB 43297 151 25 difficult difficult JJ 43297 151 26 , , , 43297 151 27 but but CC 43297 151 28 they -PRON- PRP 43297 151 29 are be VBP 43297 151 30 usually usually RB 43297 151 31 composed compose VBN 43297 151 32 of of IN 43297 151 33 minute minute JJ 43297 151 34 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 151 35 plates plate NNS 43297 151 36 together together RB 43297 151 37 with with IN 43297 151 38 a a DT 43297 151 39 much much RB 43297 151 40 larger large JJR 43297 151 41 proportion proportion NN 43297 151 42 of of IN 43297 151 43 apparently apparently RB 43297 151 44 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 151 45 material material NN 43297 151 46 . . . 43297 152 1 The the DT 43297 152 2 exact exact JJ 43297 152 3 nature nature NN 43297 152 4 of of IN 43297 152 5 both both PDT 43297 152 6 the the DT 43297 152 7 crystals crystal NNS 43297 152 8 and and CC 43297 152 9 the the DT 43297 152 10 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 152 11 material material NN 43297 152 12 is be VBZ 43297 152 13 still still RB 43297 152 14 unknown unknown JJ 43297 152 15 in in IN 43297 152 16 spite spite NN 43297 152 17 of of IN 43297 152 18 many many JJ 43297 152 19 investigations investigation NNS 43297 152 20 ; ; : 43297 152 21 in in IN 43297 152 22 the the DT 43297 152 23 purer purer NN 43297 152 24 clays clay NNS 43297 152 25 both both DT 43297 152 26 forms form NNS 43297 152 27 of of IN 43297 152 28 substance substance NN 43297 152 29 appear appear VBP 43297 152 30 to to TO 43297 152 31 have have VB 43297 152 32 the the DT 43297 152 33 same same JJ 43297 152 34 chemical chemical JJ 43297 152 35 composition composition NN 43297 152 36 , , , 43297 152 37 viz viz NN 43297 152 38 . . . 43297 153 1 that that DT 43297 153 2 of of IN 43297 153 3 _ _ NNP 43297 153 4 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 153 5 _ _ NNP 43297 153 6 ( ( -LRB- 43297 153 7 H4Al2Si2O9 H4Al2Si2O9 NNP 43297 153 8 ) ) -RRB- 43297 153 9 , , , 43297 153 10 which which WDT 43297 153 11 the the DT 43297 153 12 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 153 13 portion portion NN 43297 153 14 closely closely RB 43297 153 15 resembles resemble VBZ 43297 153 16 . . . 43297 154 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 154 2 emit emit VBP 43297 154 3 a a DT 43297 154 4 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 154 5 yet yet CC 43297 154 6 indefinable indefinable JJ 43297 154 7 odour odour NN 43297 154 8 when when WRB 43297 154 9 moist moist NN 43297 154 10 ; ; : 43297 154 11 the the DT 43297 154 12 cause cause NN 43297 154 13 of of IN 43297 154 14 this this DT 43297 154 15 is be VBZ 43297 154 16 very very RB 43297 154 17 imperfectly imperfectly RB 43297 154 18 understood understand VBN 43297 154 19 , , , 43297 154 20 though though IN 43297 154 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 154 22 is be VBZ 43297 154 23 not not RB 43297 154 24 improbably improbably RB 43297 154 25 due due JJ 43297 154 26 to to IN 43297 154 27 decomposing decompose VBG 43297 154 28 organic organic JJ 43297 154 29 matter matter NN 43297 154 30 , , , 43297 154 31 as as IN 43297 154 32 this this DT 43297 154 33 occurs occur VBZ 43297 154 34 in in IN 43297 154 35 most most JJS 43297 154 36 clays clay NNS 43297 154 37 . . . 43297 155 1 The the DT 43297 155 2 colours colour NNS 43297 155 3 of of IN 43297 155 4 freshly freshly RB 43297 155 5 - - HYPH 43297 155 6 dug dig VBN 43297 155 7 clays clay NNS 43297 155 8 are be VBP 43297 155 9 extremely extremely RB 43297 155 10 varied varied JJ 43297 155 11 and and CC 43297 155 12 range range VB 43297 155 13 from from IN 43297 155 14 an an DT 43297 155 15 almost almost RB 43297 155 16 pure pure JJ 43297 155 17 white white NN 43297 155 18 through through IN 43297 155 19 all all DT 43297 155 20 shades shade NNS 43297 155 21 of of IN 43297 155 22 yellow yellow NN 43297 155 23 , , , 43297 155 24 red red JJ 43297 155 25 and and CC 43297 155 26 brown brown JJ 43297 155 27 to to IN 43297 155 28 black black NN 43297 155 29 . . . 43297 156 1 The the DT 43297 156 2 predominating predominate VBG 43297 156 3 colours colour NNS 43297 156 4 are be VBP 43297 156 5 grey grey JJ 43297 156 6 or or CC 43297 156 7 greyish greyish NNP 43297 156 8 brown brown NNP 43297 156 9 and and CC 43297 156 10 a a DT 43297 156 11 peculiar peculiar JJ 43297 156 12 yellow yellow JJ 43297 156 13 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 156 14 of of IN 43297 156 15 some some DT 43297 156 16 surface surface NN 43297 156 17 clays clay NNS 43297 156 18 . . . 43297 157 1 The the DT 43297 157 2 natural natural JJ 43297 157 3 colour colour NN 43297 157 4 of of IN 43297 157 5 a a DT 43297 157 6 clay clay NN 43297 157 7 is be VBZ 43297 157 8 no no DT 43297 157 9 criterion criterion NN 43297 157 10 as as IN 43297 157 11 to to IN 43297 157 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 157 13 purity purity NN 43297 157 14 , , , 43297 157 15 for for IN 43297 157 16 some some DT 43297 157 17 of of IN 43297 157 18 the the DT 43297 157 19 darkest dark JJS 43297 157 20 ball ball NN 43297 157 21 clays clay NNS 43297 157 22 produce produce VBP 43297 157 23 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 157 24 white white JJ 43297 157 25 ware ware NN 43297 157 26 on on IN 43297 157 27 burning burning NN 43297 157 28 , , , 43297 157 29 whilst whilst IN 43297 157 30 some some DT 43297 157 31 of of IN 43297 157 32 the the DT 43297 157 33 paler paler NN 43297 157 34 clays clay NNS 43297 157 35 are be VBP 43297 157 36 useless useless JJ 43297 157 37 to to IN 43297 157 38 the the DT 43297 157 39 potter potter NN 43297 157 40 on on IN 43297 157 41 account account NN 43297 157 42 of of IN 43297 157 43 the the DT 43297 157 44 intensity intensity NN 43297 157 45 of of IN 43297 157 46 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 157 47 colour colour NN 43297 157 48 when when WRB 43297 157 49 they -PRON- PRP 43297 157 50 come come VBP 43297 157 51 out out IN 43297 157 52 of of IN 43297 157 53 the the DT 43297 157 54 kiln kiln NN 43297 157 55 . . . 43297 158 1 The the DT 43297 158 2 colour colour NN 43297 158 3 of of IN 43297 158 4 raw raw JJ 43297 158 5 clays clay NNS 43297 158 6 is be VBZ 43297 158 7 largely largely RB 43297 158 8 due due JJ 43297 158 9 to to IN 43297 158 10 the the DT 43297 158 11 carbonaceous carbonaceous JJ 43297 158 12 matter matter NN 43297 158 13 they -PRON- PRP 43297 158 14 contain contain VBP 43297 158 15 , , , 43297 158 16 and and CC 43297 158 17 as as IN 43297 158 18 this this DT 43297 158 19 burns burn VBZ 43297 158 20 away away RB 43297 158 21 in in IN 43297 158 22 the the DT 43297 158 23 kiln kiln NN 43297 158 24 , , , 43297 158 25 the the DT 43297 158 26 final final JJ 43297 158 27 colour colour NN 43297 158 28 of of IN 43297 158 29 the the DT 43297 158 30 ware ware NN 43297 158 31 bears bear NNS 43297 158 32 no no DT 43297 158 33 relation relation NN 43297 158 34 whatever whatever WDT 43297 158 35 to to IN 43297 158 36 that that DT 43297 158 37 of of IN 43297 158 38 the the DT 43297 158 39 original original JJ 43297 158 40 clay clay NN 43297 158 41 . . . 43297 159 1 The the DT 43297 159 2 colour colour NN 43297 159 3 of of IN 43297 159 4 burned burn VBN 43297 159 5 ware ware NN 43297 159 6 depends depend VBZ 43297 159 7 upon upon IN 43297 159 8 the the DT 43297 159 9 iron iron NN 43297 159 10 compounds compound NNS 43297 159 11 in in IN 43297 159 12 the the DT 43297 159 13 clay clay NN 43297 159 14 -- -- : 43297 159 15 these these DT 43297 159 16 producing produce VBG 43297 159 17 buff buff NN 43297 159 18 , , , 43297 159 19 red red JJ 43297 159 20 , , , 43297 159 21 brown brown JJ 43297 159 22 or or CC 43297 159 23 black black JJ 43297 159 24 ( ( -LRB- 43297 159 25 usually usually RB 43297 159 26 termed term VBN 43297 159 27 ' ' `` 43297 159 28 blue blue JJ 43297 159 29 ' ' '' 43297 159 30 ) ) -RRB- 43297 159 31 articles article NNS 43297 159 32 -- -- : 43297 159 33 on on IN 43297 159 34 the the DT 43297 159 35 presence presence NN 43297 159 36 of of IN 43297 159 37 finely finely RB 43297 159 38 divided divide VBN 43297 159 39 calcium calcium NN 43297 159 40 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 159 41 ( ( -LRB- 43297 159 42 chalk chalk NN 43297 159 43 ) ) -RRB- 43297 159 44 which which WDT 43297 159 45 can can MD 43297 159 46 destroy destroy VB 43297 159 47 the the DT 43297 159 48 colouring colour VBG 43297 159 49 power power NN 43297 159 50 of of IN 43297 159 51 iron iron NN 43297 159 52 compounds compound NNS 43297 159 53 and and CC 43297 159 54 produce produce VB 43297 159 55 white white JJ 43297 159 56 ware ware NN 43297 159 57 , , , 43297 159 58 and and CC 43297 159 59 on on IN 43297 159 60 the the DT 43297 159 61 treatment treatment NN 43297 159 62 the the DT 43297 159 63 clay clay NN 43297 159 64 has have VBZ 43297 159 65 received receive VBN 43297 159 66 in in IN 43297 159 67 the the DT 43297 159 68 kiln kiln NN 43297 159 69 . . . 43297 160 1 A a DT 43297 160 2 clay clay NN 43297 160 3 which which WDT 43297 160 4 is be VBZ 43297 160 5 white white JJ 43297 160 6 when when WRB 43297 160 7 underfired underfired JJ 43297 160 8 will will MD 43297 160 9 usually usually RB 43297 160 10 darken darken VBN 43297 160 11 in in IN 43297 160 12 colour colour NN 43297 160 13 if if IN 43297 160 14 heated heat VBN 43297 160 15 to to IN 43297 160 16 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 160 17 , , , 43297 160 18 and and CC 43297 160 19 one one CD 43297 160 20 which which WDT 43297 160 21 burns burn VBZ 43297 160 22 red red JJ 43297 160 23 in in IN 43297 160 24 an an DT 43297 160 25 oxidizing oxidizing JJ 43297 160 26 atmosphere atmosphere NN 43297 160 27 may may MD 43297 160 28 turn turn VB 43297 160 29 blue blue JJ 43297 160 30 - - HYPH 43297 160 31 grey grey JJ 43297 160 32 or or CC 43297 160 33 black black JJ 43297 160 34 under under IN 43297 160 35 reducing reduce VBG 43297 160 36 conditions condition NNS 43297 160 37 . . . 43297 161 1 The the DT 43297 161 2 extent extent NN 43297 161 3 to to TO 43297 161 4 which which WDT 43297 161 5 the the DT 43297 161 6 carbonaceous carbonaceous JJ 43297 161 7 matter matter NN 43297 161 8 is be VBZ 43297 161 9 burned burn VBN 43297 161 10 out out RP 43297 161 11 also also RB 43297 161 12 determines determine VBZ 43297 161 13 the the DT 43297 161 14 colour colour NN 43297 161 15 of of IN 43297 161 16 the the DT 43297 161 17 fired fire VBN 43297 161 18 ware ware NN 43297 161 19 . . . 43297 162 1 The the DT 43297 162 2 presence presence NN 43297 162 3 of of IN 43297 162 4 adventitious adventitious JJ 43297 162 5 minerals mineral NNS 43297 162 6 in in IN 43297 162 7 the the DT 43297 162 8 clay clay NN 43297 162 9 may may MD 43297 162 10 also also RB 43297 162 11 affect affect VB 43297 162 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 162 13 colour colour NN 43297 162 14 , , , 43297 162 15 particularly particularly RB 43297 162 16 when when WRB 43297 162 17 fired fire VBD 43297 162 18 . . . 43297 163 1 The the DT 43297 163 2 most most RBS 43297 163 3 obvious obvious JJ 43297 163 4 feature feature NN 43297 163 5 in in IN 43297 163 6 a a DT 43297 163 7 piece piece NN 43297 163 8 of of IN 43297 163 9 moist moist JJ 43297 163 10 clay clay NN 43297 163 11 is be VBZ 43297 163 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 163 13 _ _ NNP 43297 163 14 plasticity_[5 plasticity_[5 NNP 43297 163 15 ] ] -RRB- 43297 163 16 or or CC 43297 163 17 ability ability NN 43297 163 18 to to TO 43297 163 19 alter alter VB 43297 163 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 163 21 shape shape NN 43297 163 22 when when WRB 43297 163 23 kneaded knead VBN 43297 163 24 or or CC 43297 163 25 put put VBN 43297 163 26 under under IN 43297 163 27 slight slight JJ 43297 163 28 pressure pressure NN 43297 163 29 and and CC 43297 163 30 to to TO 43297 163 31 retain retain VB 43297 163 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 163 33 new new JJ 43297 163 34 shape shape NN 43297 163 35 after after IN 43297 163 36 the the DT 43297 163 37 pressure pressure NN 43297 163 38 has have VBZ 43297 163 39 been be VBN 43297 163 40 removed remove VBN 43297 163 41 . . . 43297 164 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 164 2 is be VBZ 43297 164 3 this this DT 43297 164 4 property property NN 43297 164 5 which which WDT 43297 164 6 enables enable VBZ 43297 164 7 the the DT 43297 164 8 production production NN 43297 164 9 of of IN 43297 164 10 ornaments ornament NNS 43297 164 11 , , , 43297 164 12 vessels vessel NNS 43297 164 13 of of IN 43297 164 14 various various JJ 43297 164 15 kinds kind NNS 43297 164 16 , , , 43297 164 17 and and CC 43297 164 18 the the DT 43297 164 19 many many JJ 43297 164 20 other other JJ 43297 164 21 articles article NNS 43297 164 22 which which WDT 43297 164 23 are be VBP 43297 164 24 the the DT 43297 164 25 result result NN 43297 164 26 of of IN 43297 164 27 the the DT 43297 164 28 application application NN 43297 164 29 of of IN 43297 164 30 modelling modelling NN 43297 164 31 tools tool NNS 43297 164 32 , , , 43297 164 33 of of IN 43297 164 34 moulding moulding NN 43297 164 35 or or CC 43297 164 36 of of IN 43297 164 37 the the DT 43297 164 38 action action NN 43297 164 39 of of IN 43297 164 40 a a DT 43297 164 41 potter potter NN 43297 164 42 's 's POS 43297 164 43 wheel wheel NN 43297 164 44 . . . 43297 165 1 So so RB 43297 165 2 long long RB 43297 165 3 as as IN 43297 165 4 clay clay NN 43297 165 5 contains contain VBZ 43297 165 6 a a DT 43297 165 7 suitable suitable JJ 43297 165 8 proportion proportion NN 43297 165 9 of of IN 43297 165 10 moisture moisture NN 43297 165 11 it -PRON- PRP 43297 165 12 is be VBZ 43297 165 13 plastic plastic JJ 43297 165 14 and and CC 43297 165 15 may may MD 43297 165 16 be be VB 43297 165 17 made make VBN 43297 165 18 into into IN 43297 165 19 articles article NNS 43297 165 20 of of IN 43297 165 21 any any DT 43297 165 22 desired desire VBN 43297 165 23 shape shape NN 43297 165 24 , , , 43297 165 25 but but CC 43297 165 26 if if IN 43297 165 27 the the DT 43297 165 28 amount amount NN 43297 165 29 of of IN 43297 165 30 moisture moisture NN 43297 165 31 in in IN 43297 165 32 it -PRON- PRP 43297 165 33 is be VBZ 43297 165 34 reduced reduce VBN 43297 165 35 or or CC 43297 165 36 removed remove VBN 43297 165 37 completely completely RB 43297 165 38 , , , 43297 165 39 the the DT 43297 165 40 material material NN 43297 165 41 is be VBZ 43297 165 42 no no DT 43297 165 43 longer long RBR 43297 165 44 plastic plastic NN 43297 165 45 . . . 43297 166 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 166 2 may may MD 43297 166 3 become become VB 43297 166 4 so so RB 43297 166 5 , , , 43297 166 6 however however RB 43297 166 7 , , , 43297 166 8 on on IN 43297 166 9 adding add VBG 43297 166 10 a a DT 43297 166 11 further further JJ 43297 166 12 suitable suitable JJ 43297 166 13 quantity quantity NN 43297 166 14 of of IN 43297 166 15 water water NN 43297 166 16 and and CC 43297 166 17 mixing mixing NN 43297 166 18 , , , 43297 166 19 provided provide VBN 43297 166 20 that that IN 43297 166 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 166 22 has have VBZ 43297 166 23 not not RB 43297 166 24 been be VBN 43297 166 25 excessively excessively RB 43297 166 26 heated heat VBN 43297 166 27 . . . 43297 167 1 If if IN 43297 167 2 , , , 43297 167 3 in in IN 43297 167 4 the the DT 43297 167 5 removal removal NN 43297 167 6 of of IN 43297 167 7 the the DT 43297 167 8 moisture moisture NN 43297 167 9 , , , 43297 167 10 the the DT 43297 167 11 clay clay NN 43297 167 12 has have VBZ 43297 167 13 been be VBN 43297 167 14 heated heat VBN 43297 167 15 to to IN 43297 167 16 600 600 CD 43297 167 17 ° ° , 43297 167 18 C. C. NNP 43297 167 19 or or CC 43297 167 20 more more JJR 43297 167 21 , , , 43297 167 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 167 23 loses lose VBZ 43297 167 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 167 25 power power NN 43297 167 26 of of IN 43297 167 27 becoming become VBG 43297 167 28 plastic plastic NN 43297 167 29 and and CC 43297 167 30 is be VBZ 43297 167 31 converted convert VBN 43297 167 32 into into IN 43297 167 33 a a DT 43297 167 34 material material NN 43297 167 35 more more RBR 43297 167 36 closely closely RB 43297 167 37 resembling resemble VBG 43297 167 38 stone stone NN 43297 167 39 . . . 43297 168 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 168 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 43297 168 3 5 5 CD 43297 168 4 : : : 43297 168 5 A a DT 43297 168 6 plastic plastic JJ 43297 168 7 substance substance NN 43297 168 8 is be VBZ 43297 168 9 one one CD 43297 168 10 with with IN 43297 168 11 the the DT 43297 168 12 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 168 13 of of IN 43297 168 14 ' ' `` 43297 168 15 a a DT 43297 168 16 fluid fluid NN 43297 168 17 of of IN 43297 168 18 so so RB 43297 168 19 great great JJ 43297 168 20 a a DT 43297 168 21 viscosity viscosity NN 43297 168 22 that that IN 43297 168 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 168 24 does do VBZ 43297 168 25 not not RB 43297 168 26 lose lose VB 43297 168 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 168 28 shape shape NN 43297 168 29 under under IN 43297 168 30 the the DT 43297 168 31 influence influence NN 43297 168 32 of of IN 43297 168 33 gravitation gravitation NN 43297 168 34 . . . 43297 168 35 ' ' '' 43297 168 36 ] ] -RRB- 43297 169 1 The the DT 43297 169 2 causes cause NNS 43297 169 3 of of IN 43297 169 4 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 169 5 appear appear VBP 43297 169 6 to to TO 43297 169 7 be be VB 43297 169 8 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 169 9 numerous numerous JJ 43297 169 10 , , , 43297 169 11 though though IN 43297 169 12 there there EX 43297 169 13 is be VBZ 43297 169 14 no no DT 43297 169 15 generally generally RB 43297 169 16 accepted accept VBN 43297 169 17 explanation explanation NN 43297 169 18 of of IN 43297 169 19 this this DT 43297 169 20 remarkable remarkable JJ 43297 169 21 quality quality NN 43297 169 22 which which WDT 43297 169 23 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 43297 169 24 clays clay NNS 43297 169 25 from from IN 43297 169 26 most most JJS 43297 169 27 other other JJ 43297 169 28 substances substance NNS 43297 169 29 . . . 43297 170 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 170 2 is be VBZ 43297 170 3 true true JJ 43297 170 4 that that IN 43297 170 5 wet wet JJ 43297 170 6 sand sand NN 43297 170 7 , , , 43297 170 8 soap soap NN 43297 170 9 , , , 43297 170 10 wax wax NN 43297 170 11 , , , 43297 170 12 lead lead NN 43297 170 13 and and CC 43297 170 14 some some DT 43297 170 15 other other JJ 43297 170 16 materials material NNS 43297 170 17 possess possess VBP 43297 170 18 a a DT 43297 170 19 certain certain JJ 43297 170 20 amount amount NN 43297 170 21 of of IN 43297 170 22 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 170 23 , , , 43297 170 24 but but CC 43297 170 25 not not RB 43297 170 26 to to IN 43297 170 27 anything anything NN 43297 170 28 like like IN 43297 170 29 the the DT 43297 170 30 same same JJ 43297 170 31 extent extent NN 43297 170 32 as as IN 43297 170 33 clay clay NN 43297 170 34 . . . 43297 171 1 So so RB 43297 171 2 far far RB 43297 171 3 as as IN 43297 171 4 clays clay NNS 43297 171 5 are be VBP 43297 171 6 concerned concern VBN 43297 171 7 , , , 43297 171 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 171 9 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 171 10 appears appear VBZ 43297 171 11 to to TO 43297 171 12 be be VB 43297 171 13 connected connect VBN 43297 171 14 with with IN 43297 171 15 the the DT 43297 171 16 presence presence NN 43297 171 17 of of IN 43297 171 18 combined combined JJ 43297 171 19 water water NN 43297 171 20 as as RB 43297 171 21 well well RB 43297 171 22 as as IN 43297 171 23 of of IN 43297 171 24 mechanically mechanically RB 43297 171 25 mixed mix VBN 43297 171 26 water water NN 43297 171 27 , , , 43297 171 28 for for IN 43297 171 29 if if IN 43297 171 30 either either DT 43297 171 31 of of IN 43297 171 32 these these DT 43297 171 33 are be VBP 43297 171 34 removed remove VBN 43297 171 35 , , , 43297 171 36 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 171 37 -- -- : 43297 171 38 both both DT 43297 171 39 actual actual JJ 43297 171 40 and and CC 43297 171 41 potential potential JJ 43297 171 42 -- -- : 43297 171 43 is be VBZ 43297 171 44 destroyed destroy VBN 43297 171 45 . . . 43297 172 1 The the DT 43297 172 2 part part NN 43297 172 3 played play VBN 43297 172 4 by by IN 43297 172 5 water water NN 43297 172 6 is be VBZ 43297 172 7 not not RB 43297 172 8 , , , 43297 172 9 however however RB 43297 172 10 , , , 43297 172 11 completely completely RB 43297 172 12 known know VBN 43297 172 13 , , , 43297 172 14 for for IN 43297 172 15 the the DT 43297 172 16 many many JJ 43297 172 17 theories theory NNS 43297 172 18 which which WDT 43297 172 19 have have VBP 43297 172 20 been be VBN 43297 172 21 advanced advance VBN 43297 172 22 only only RB 43297 172 23 cover cover VB 43297 172 24 some some DT 43297 172 25 of of IN 43297 172 26 the the DT 43297 172 27 conditions condition NNS 43297 172 28 and and CC 43297 172 29 facts fact NNS 43297 172 30 . . . 43297 173 1 A a DT 43297 173 2 number number NN 43297 173 3 of of IN 43297 173 4 observers observer NNS 43297 173 5 agree agree VBP 43297 173 6 that that IN 43297 173 7 the the DT 43297 173 8 molecular molecular JJ 43297 173 9 constitution constitution NN 43297 173 10 of of IN 43297 173 11 clay clay NN 43297 173 12 is be VBZ 43297 173 13 peculiar peculiar JJ 43297 173 14 and and CC 43297 173 15 that that IN 43297 173 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 173 17 is be VBZ 43297 173 18 to to IN 43297 173 19 this this DT 43297 173 20 that that IN 43297 173 21 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 173 22 is be VBZ 43297 173 23 due due JJ 43297 173 24 . . . 43297 174 1 Yet yet CC 43297 174 2 the the DT 43297 174 3 curious curious JJ 43297 174 4 fact fact NN 43297 174 5 that that IN 43297 174 6 the the DT 43297 174 7 purest pure JJS 43297 174 8 clays clay NNS 43297 174 9 -- -- : 43297 174 10 the the DT 43297 174 11 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 174 12 -- -- : 43297 174 13 are be VBP 43297 174 14 remarkably remarkably RB 43297 174 15 deficient deficient JJ 43297 174 16 in in IN 43297 174 17 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 174 18 shows show VBZ 43297 174 19 that that IN 43297 174 20 molecular molecular JJ 43297 174 21 constitution constitution NN 43297 174 22 is be VBZ 43297 174 23 not not RB 43297 174 24 , , , 43297 174 25 alone alone RB 43297 174 26 , , , 43297 174 27 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 174 28 . . . 43297 175 1 Others other NNS 43297 175 2 hold hold VBP 43297 175 3 that that IN 43297 175 4 the the DT 43297 175 5 remarkably remarkably RB 43297 175 6 small small JJ 43297 175 7 size size NN 43297 175 8 of of IN 43297 175 9 clay clay NN 43297 175 10 particles particle NNS 43297 175 11 enables enable VBZ 43297 175 12 them -PRON- PRP 43297 175 13 to to TO 43297 175 14 pack pack VB 43297 175 15 together together RB 43297 175 16 more more RBR 43297 175 17 closely closely RB 43297 175 18 than than IN 43297 175 19 do do VB 43297 175 20 particles particle NNS 43297 175 21 of of IN 43297 175 22 other other JJ 43297 175 23 materials material NNS 43297 175 24 and and CC 43297 175 25 to to TO 43297 175 26 retain retain VB 43297 175 27 around around IN 43297 175 28 them -PRON- PRP 43297 175 29 a a DT 43297 175 30 film film NN 43297 175 31 of of IN 43297 175 32 water water NN 43297 175 33 which which WDT 43297 175 34 acts act VBZ 43297 175 35 partly partly RB 43297 175 36 as as IN 43297 175 37 a a DT 43297 175 38 lubricant lubricant NN 43297 175 39 , , , 43297 175 40 facilitating facilitate VBG 43297 175 41 the the DT 43297 175 42 change change NN 43297 175 43 of of IN 43297 175 44 shape shape NN 43297 175 45 of of IN 43297 175 46 the the DT 43297 175 47 mass mass NN 43297 175 48 when when WRB 43297 175 49 under under IN 43297 175 50 pressure pressure NN 43297 175 51 , , , 43297 175 52 and and CC 43297 175 53 partly partly RB 43297 175 54 as as IN 43297 175 55 an an DT 43297 175 56 adhesive adhesive NN 43297 175 57 , , , 43297 175 58 causing cause VBG 43297 175 59 the the DT 43297 175 60 particles particle NNS 43297 175 61 to to TO 43297 175 62 adhere adhere VB 43297 175 63 to to IN 43297 175 64 each each DT 43297 175 65 other other JJ 43297 175 66 when when WRB 43297 175 67 the the DT 43297 175 68 pressure pressure NN 43297 175 69 is be VBZ 43297 175 70 removed remove VBN 43297 175 71 . . . 43297 176 1 Zschokke Zschokke NNP 43297 176 2 has have VBZ 43297 176 3 laid lay VBN 43297 176 4 much much JJ 43297 176 5 emphasis emphasis NN 43297 176 6 on on IN 43297 176 7 the the DT 43297 176 8 importance importance NN 43297 176 9 of of IN 43297 176 10 molecular molecular JJ 43297 176 11 attraction attraction NN 43297 176 12 between between IN 43297 176 13 clay clay NN 43297 176 14 and and CC 43297 176 15 water water NN 43297 176 16 as as IN 43297 176 17 a a DT 43297 176 18 cause cause NN 43297 176 19 of of IN 43297 176 20 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 176 21 , , , 43297 176 22 and and CC 43297 176 23 has have VBZ 43297 176 24 suggested suggest VBN 43297 176 25 that that IN 43297 176 26 the the DT 43297 176 27 absorption absorption NN 43297 176 28 of of IN 43297 176 29 the the DT 43297 176 30 water water NN 43297 176 31 effects effect VBZ 43297 176 32 a a DT 43297 176 33 change change NN 43297 176 34 in in IN 43297 176 35 the the DT 43297 176 36 surfaces surface NNS 43297 176 37 of of IN 43297 176 38 the the DT 43297 176 39 clay clay NN 43297 176 40 particles particle NNS 43297 176 41 , , , 43297 176 42 giving give VBG 43297 176 43 them -PRON- PRP 43297 176 44 a a DT 43297 176 45 gelatinous gelatinous JJ 43297 176 46 nature nature NN 43297 176 47 and and CC 43297 176 48 enabling enable VBG 43297 176 49 them -PRON- PRP 43297 176 50 to to TO 43297 176 51 change change VB 43297 176 52 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 176 53 form form NN 43297 176 54 and and CC 43297 176 55 yet yet RB 43297 176 56 keep keep VB 43297 176 57 in in IN 43297 176 58 close close JJ 43297 176 59 contact contact NN 43297 176 60 . . . 43297 177 1 The the DT 43297 177 2 fact fact NN 43297 177 3 that that IN 43297 177 4 mica mica NNP 43297 177 5 , , , 43297 177 6 fluorspar fluorspar NNP 43297 177 7 and and CC 43297 177 8 quartz quartz NNP 43297 177 9 , , , 43297 177 10 when when WRB 43297 177 11 in in IN 43297 177 12 a a DT 43297 177 13 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 177 14 finely finely RB 43297 177 15 divided divide VBN 43297 177 16 state state NN 43297 177 17 , , , 43297 177 18 are be VBP 43297 177 19 also also RB 43297 177 20 slightly slightly RB 43297 177 21 plastic plastic JJ 43297 177 22 , , , 43297 177 23 appears appear VBZ 43297 177 24 to to TO 43297 177 25 be be VB 43297 177 26 opposed oppose VBN 43297 177 27 to to IN 43297 177 28 the the DT 43297 177 29 molecular molecular JJ 43297 177 30 constitution constitution NN 43297 177 31 theory theory NN 43297 177 32 . . . 43297 178 1 Smallness smallness JJ 43297 178 2 of of IN 43297 178 3 grain grain NN 43297 178 4 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 43297 178 5 has have VBZ 43297 178 6 an an DT 43297 178 7 influence influence NN 43297 178 8 on on IN 43297 178 9 the the DT 43297 178 10 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 178 11 of of IN 43297 178 12 clay clay NN 43297 178 13 , , , 43297 178 14 coarse coarse RB 43297 178 15 - - HYPH 43297 178 16 grained grain VBN 43297 178 17 clays clay NNS 43297 178 18 being be VBG 43297 178 19 notably notably RB 43297 178 20 less less RBR 43297 178 21 plastic plastic NN 43297 178 22 than than IN 43297 178 23 others other NNS 43297 178 24 . . . 43297 179 1 Daubrée Daubrée NNP 43297 179 2 pointed point VBD 43297 179 3 out out RP 43297 179 4 that that IN 43297 179 5 felspar felspar NN 43297 179 6 , , , 43297 179 7 when when WRB 43297 179 8 ground ground NN 43297 179 9 with with IN 43297 179 10 water water NN 43297 179 11 , , , 43297 179 12 develops develop VBZ 43297 179 13 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 179 14 to to IN 43297 179 15 a a DT 43297 179 16 small small JJ 43297 179 17 extent extent NN 43297 179 18 , , , 43297 179 19 and and CC 43297 179 20 Olschewsky Olschewsky NNP 43297 179 21 carried carry VBD 43297 179 22 this this DT 43297 179 23 observation observation NN 43297 179 24 further far RBR 43297 179 25 and and CC 43297 179 26 has have VBZ 43297 179 27 suggested suggest VBN 43297 179 28 that that IN 43297 179 29 clays clay NNS 43297 179 30 owe owe VBP 43297 179 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 179 32 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 179 33 to to IN 43297 179 34 prolonged prolong VBN 43297 179 35 contact contact NN 43297 179 36 with with IN 43297 179 37 water water NN 43297 179 38 during during IN 43297 179 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 179 40 removal removal NN 43297 179 41 from from IN 43297 179 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 179 43 place place NN 43297 179 44 of of IN 43297 179 45 formation formation NN 43297 179 46 and and CC 43297 179 47 previous previous JJ 43297 179 48 to to IN 43297 179 49 or or CC 43297 179 50 during during IN 43297 179 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 179 52 deposition deposition NN 43297 179 53 . . . 43297 180 1 A a DT 43297 180 2 further further JJ 43297 180 3 confirmation confirmation NN 43297 180 4 of of IN 43297 180 5 this this DT 43297 180 6 theory theory NN 43297 180 7 is be VBZ 43297 180 8 due due JJ 43297 180 9 to to IN 43297 180 10 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 180 11 ( ( -LRB- 43297 180 12 3 3 CD 43297 180 13 ) ) -RRB- 43297 180 14 who who WP 43297 180 15 showed show VBD 43297 180 16 that that IN 43297 180 17 on on IN 43297 180 18 heating heat VBG 43297 180 19 china china NNP 43297 180 20 clay clay NNP 43297 180 21 with with IN 43297 180 22 water water NN 43297 180 23 under under IN 43297 180 24 very very RB 43297 180 25 considerable considerable JJ 43297 180 26 pressure pressure NN 43297 180 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 180 28 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 180 29 was be VBD 43297 180 30 increased increase VBN 43297 180 31 and and CC 43297 180 32 that that IN 43297 180 33 felspar felspar VBZ 43297 180 34 and and CC 43297 180 35 some some DT 43297 180 36 other other JJ 43297 180 37 non non JJ 43297 180 38 - - JJ 43297 180 39 plastic plastic JJ 43297 180 40 materials material NNS 43297 180 41 developed develop VBD 43297 180 42 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 180 43 under under IN 43297 180 44 these these DT 43297 180 45 conditions condition NNS 43297 180 46 . . . 43297 181 1 Johnson Johnson NNP 43297 181 2 and and CC 43297 181 3 Blake Blake NNP 43297 181 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 181 5 21 21 CD 43297 181 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 181 7 supposed suppose VBD 43297 181 8 that that IN 43297 181 9 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 181 10 is be VBZ 43297 181 11 due due JJ 43297 181 12 to to IN 43297 181 13 the the DT 43297 181 14 clay clay NN 43297 181 15 being be VBG 43297 181 16 composed compose VBN 43297 181 17 of of IN 43297 181 18 extremely extremely RB 43297 181 19 minute minute JJ 43297 181 20 plates plate NNS 43297 181 21 ' ' POS 43297 181 22 bunched bunch VBN 43297 181 23 together together RB 43297 181 24 , , , 43297 181 25 ' ' '' 43297 181 26 a a DT 43297 181 27 view view NN 43297 181 28 which which WDT 43297 181 29 was be VBD 43297 181 30 also also RB 43297 181 31 held hold VBN 43297 181 32 by by IN 43297 181 33 Biedermann Biedermann NNP 43297 181 34 and and CC 43297 181 35 Herzfield Herzfield NNP 43297 181 36 , , , 43297 181 37 Le Le NNP 43297 181 38 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 43297 181 39 and and CC 43297 181 40 others other NNS 43297 181 41 . . . 43297 182 1 Olschewsky Olschewsky NNP 43297 182 2 enlarged enlarge VBD 43297 182 3 this this DT 43297 182 4 theory theory NN 43297 182 5 by by IN 43297 182 6 suggesting suggest VBG 43297 182 7 that that IN 43297 182 8 the the DT 43297 182 9 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 182 10 of of IN 43297 182 11 certain certain JJ 43297 182 12 clays clay NNS 43297 182 13 is be VBZ 43297 182 14 dependent dependent JJ 43297 182 15 on on IN 43297 182 16 the the DT 43297 182 17 large large JJ 43297 182 18 surface surface NN 43297 182 19 and and CC 43297 182 20 the the DT 43297 182 21 interlocking interlocking NN 43297 182 22 of of IN 43297 182 23 irregular irregular JJ 43297 182 24 particles particle NNS 43297 182 25 with with IN 43297 182 26 the the DT 43297 182 27 plates plate NNS 43297 182 28 just just RB 43297 182 29 mentioned mention VBD 43297 182 30 . . . 43297 183 1 These these DT 43297 183 2 theories theory NNS 43297 183 3 of of IN 43297 183 4 interlocking interlock VBG 43297 183 5 are be VBP 43297 183 6 , , , 43297 183 7 however however RB 43297 183 8 , , , 43297 183 9 incomplete incomplete JJ 43297 183 10 , , , 43297 183 11 because because IN 43297 183 12 the the DT 43297 183 13 tensile tensile JJ 43297 183 14 strength strength NN 43297 183 15 of of IN 43297 183 16 clays clay NNS 43297 183 17 should should MD 43297 183 18 accurately accurately RB 43297 183 19 represent represent VB 43297 183 20 the the DT 43297 183 21 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 183 22 if if IN 43297 183 23 interlocking interlock VBG 43297 183 24 were be VBD 43297 183 25 the the DT 43297 183 26 sole sole JJ 43297 183 27 cause cause NN 43297 183 28 . . . 43297 184 1 Zschokke Zschokke NNP 43297 184 2 has have VBZ 43297 184 3 shown show VBN 43297 184 4 that that DT 43297 184 5 tensile tensile JJ 43297 184 6 strength strength NN 43297 184 7 is be VBZ 43297 184 8 only only RB 43297 184 9 one one CD 43297 184 10 factor factor NN 43297 184 11 which which WDT 43297 184 12 must must MD 43297 184 13 be be VB 43297 184 14 determined determine VBN 43297 184 15 in in IN 43297 184 16 any any DT 43297 184 17 attempt attempt NN 43297 184 18 to to TO 43297 184 19 measure measure VB 43297 184 20 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 184 21 . . . 43297 185 1 E. E. NNP 43297 185 2 H. H. NNP 43297 185 3 L. L. NNP 43297 185 4 Schwarz Schwarz NNP 43297 185 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 185 6 35 35 CD 43297 185 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 185 8 has have VBZ 43297 185 9 suggested suggest VBN 43297 185 10 that that IN 43297 185 11 many many JJ 43297 185 12 clays clay NNS 43297 185 13 are be VBP 43297 185 14 composed compose VBN 43297 185 15 of of IN 43297 185 16 small small JJ 43297 185 17 globular globular JJ 43297 185 18 masses masse NNS 43297 185 19 of of IN 43297 185 20 plates plate NNS 43297 185 21 so so RB 43297 185 22 arranged arrange VBD 43297 185 23 as as IN 43297 185 24 to to TO 43297 185 25 form form VB 43297 185 26 an an DT 43297 185 27 open open JJ 43297 185 28 network network NN 43297 185 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 185 30 fig fig NN 43297 185 31 . . . 43297 186 1 4 4 LS 43297 186 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 186 3 which which WDT 43297 186 4 is be VBZ 43297 186 5 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 186 6 strong strong JJ 43297 186 7 not not RB 43297 186 8 to to TO 43297 186 9 be be VB 43297 186 10 destroyed destroy VBN 43297 186 11 by by IN 43297 186 12 pressure pressure NN 43297 186 13 . . . 43297 187 1 In in IN 43297 187 2 the the DT 43297 187 3 presence presence NN 43297 187 4 of of IN 43297 187 5 water water NN 43297 187 6 and and CC 43297 187 7 much much RB 43297 187 8 rubbing rub VBG 43297 187 9 the the DT 43297 187 10 plates plate NNS 43297 187 11 are be VBP 43297 187 12 separated separate VBN 43297 187 13 and and CC 43297 187 14 are be VBP 43297 187 15 made make VBN 43297 187 16 to to TO 43297 187 17 lie lie VB 43297 187 18 flat flat RB 43297 187 19 on on IN 43297 187 20 each each DT 43297 187 21 other other JJ 43297 187 22 , , , 43297 187 23 thereby thereby RB 43297 187 24 giving give VBG 43297 187 25 a a DT 43297 187 26 plastic plastic NN 43297 187 27 and and CC 43297 187 28 impermeable impermeable JJ 43297 187 29 mass mass NN 43297 187 30 . . . 43297 188 1 If if IN 43297 188 2 this this DT 43297 188 3 is be VBZ 43297 188 4 really really RB 43297 188 5 the the DT 43297 188 6 case case NN 43297 188 7 it -PRON- PRP 43297 188 8 would would MD 43297 188 9 explain explain VB 43297 188 10 the the DT 43297 188 11 porosity porosity NN 43297 188 12 and and CC 43297 188 13 large large JJ 43297 188 14 surface surface NN 43297 188 15 of of IN 43297 188 16 some some DT 43297 188 17 clays clay NNS 43297 188 18 and and CC 43297 188 19 might may MD 43297 188 20 account account VB 43297 188 21 for for IN 43297 188 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 188 23 adsorptive adsorptive JJ 43297 188 24 power power NN 43297 188 25 . . . 43297 189 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 189 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 189 3 : : : 43297 189 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 189 5 . . . 43297 190 1 4 4 LS 43297 190 2 . . . 43297 191 1 Illustrating illustrate VBG 43297 191 2 the the DT 43297 191 3 structure structure NN 43297 191 4 of of IN 43297 191 5 a a DT 43297 191 6 ' ' `` 43297 191 7 clay clay NN 43297 191 8 crumb crumb NN 43297 191 9 . . . 43297 191 10 ' ' '' 43297 192 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 192 2 _ _ NNP 43297 192 3 After after IN 43297 192 4 Schwarz Schwarz NNP 43297 192 5 . . . 43297 192 6 _ _ NNP 43297 192 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 192 8 ] ] -RRB- 43297 192 9 A a DT 43297 192 10 theory theory NN 43297 192 11 which which WDT 43297 192 12 was be VBD 43297 192 13 first first RB 43297 192 14 promulgated promulgate VBN 43297 192 15 in in IN 43297 192 16 1850 1850 CD 43297 192 17 by by IN 43297 192 18 Way Way NNP 43297 192 19 ( ( -LRB- 43297 192 20 4 4 CD 43297 192 21 ) ) -RRB- 43297 192 22 , , , 43297 192 23 but but CC 43297 192 24 which which WDT 43297 192 25 has have VBZ 43297 192 26 only only RB 43297 192 27 received receive VBN 43297 192 28 detailed detailed JJ 43297 192 29 attention attention NN 43297 192 30 during during IN 43297 192 31 the the DT 43297 192 32 last last JJ 43297 192 33 few few JJ 43297 192 34 years year NNS 43297 192 35 , , , 43297 192 36 attributes attribute VBZ 43297 192 37 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 192 38 to to IN 43297 192 39 the the DT 43297 192 40 presence presence NN 43297 192 41 of of IN 43297 192 42 colloid colloid NN 43297 192 43 substances substance NNS 43297 192 44 in in IN 43297 192 45 clay clay NN 43297 192 46 or or CC 43297 192 47 to to IN 43297 192 48 the the DT 43297 192 49 fact fact NN 43297 192 50 that that IN 43297 192 51 clay clay NN 43297 192 52 particles particle NNS 43297 192 53 possess possess VBP 43297 192 54 physical physical JJ 43297 192 55 characters character NNS 43297 192 56 analogous analogous JJ 43297 192 57 to to IN 43297 192 58 those those DT 43297 192 59 of of IN 43297 192 60 glue glue NN 43297 192 61 and and CC 43297 192 62 other other JJ 43297 192 63 colloids colloid NNS 43297 192 64 . . . 43297 193 1 These these DT 43297 193 2 colloid colloid NN 43297 193 3 substances substance NNS 43297 193 4 have have VBP 43297 193 5 a a DT 43297 193 6 submicroscopic submicroscopic JJ 43297 193 7 or or CC 43297 193 8 micellian micellian JJ 43297 193 9 structure structure NN 43297 193 10 ; ; : 43297 193 11 they -PRON- PRP 43297 193 12 are be VBP 43297 193 13 web web NN 43297 193 14 - - HYPH 43297 193 15 like like JJ 43297 193 16 , , , 43297 193 17 porous porous JJ 43297 193 18 and and CC 43297 193 19 absorb absorb VB 43297 193 20 water water NN 43297 193 21 eagerly eagerly RB 43297 193 22 . . . 43297 194 1 This this DT 43297 194 2 water water NN 43297 194 3 may may MD 43297 194 4 be be VB 43297 194 5 removed remove VBN 43297 194 6 by by IN 43297 194 7 drying dry VBG 43297 194 8 , , , 43297 194 9 only only RB 43297 194 10 to to TO 43297 194 11 be be VB 43297 194 12 re re VBN 43297 194 13 - - VBN 43297 194 14 absorbed absorb VBN 43297 194 15 on on IN 43297 194 16 cooling cool VBG 43297 194 17 , , , 43297 194 18 but but CC 43297 194 19 if if IN 43297 194 20 the the DT 43297 194 21 heating heating NN 43297 194 22 temperature temperature NN 43297 194 23 is be VBZ 43297 194 24 excessive excessive JJ 43297 194 25 the the DT 43297 194 26 structure structure NN 43297 194 27 of of IN 43297 194 28 the the DT 43297 194 29 colloids colloid NNS 43297 194 30 is be VBZ 43297 194 31 destroyed destroy VBN 43297 194 32 . . . 43297 195 1 This this DT 43297 195 2 colloid colloid NN 43297 195 3 theory theory NN 43297 195 4 explains explain VBZ 43297 195 5 many many JJ 43297 195 6 of of IN 43297 195 7 the the DT 43297 195 8 facts fact NNS 43297 195 9 noted note VBN 43297 195 10 by by IN 43297 195 11 earlier early JJR 43297 195 12 investigators investigator NNS 43297 195 13 such such JJ 43297 195 14 as as IN 43297 195 15 Aron Aron NNP 43297 195 16 , , , 43297 195 17 Bischof Bischof NNP 43297 195 18 , , , 43297 195 19 Seger Seger NNP 43297 195 20 , , , 43297 195 21 Olschewsky Olschewsky NNP 43297 195 22 , , , 43297 195 23 etc etc FW 43297 195 24 . . FW 43297 195 25 , , , 43297 195 26 but but CC 43297 195 27 it -PRON- PRP 43297 195 28 is be VBZ 43297 195 29 not not RB 43297 195 30 entirely entirely RB 43297 195 31 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 195 32 , , , 43297 195 33 though though IN 43297 195 34 Rohland Rohland NNP 43297 195 35 ( ( -LRB- 43297 195 36 5)--to 5)--to CD 43297 195 37 whom whom WP 43297 195 38 the the DT 43297 195 39 present present JJ 43297 195 40 prominence prominence NN 43297 195 41 of of IN 43297 195 42 this this DT 43297 195 43 theory theory NN 43297 195 44 in in IN 43297 195 45 Europe Europe NNP 43297 195 46 is be VBZ 43297 195 47 largely largely RB 43297 195 48 due due JJ 43297 195 49 -- -- : 43297 195 50 persistently persistently RB 43297 195 51 maintains maintain VBZ 43297 195 52 the the DT 43297 195 53 contrary contrary NN 43297 195 54 . . . 43297 196 1 One one CD 43297 196 2 great great JJ 43297 196 3 objection objection NN 43297 196 4 is be VBZ 43297 196 5 the the DT 43297 196 6 fact fact NN 43297 196 7 that that IN 43297 196 8 no no DT 43297 196 9 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 196 10 _ _ NNP 43297 196 11 inorganic inorganic JJ 43297 196 12 _ _ NNP 43297 196 13 colloid colloid NN 43297 196 14 substance substance NN 43297 196 15 has have VBZ 43297 196 16 been be VBN 43297 196 17 isolated isolate VBN 43297 196 18 from from IN 43297 196 19 pure pure JJ 43297 196 20 clay clay NN 43297 196 21 . . . 43297 197 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 197 2 is be VBZ 43297 197 3 possible possible JJ 43297 197 4 that that IN 43297 197 5 some some DT 43297 197 6 of of IN 43297 197 7 the the DT 43297 197 8 so so RB 43297 197 9 - - HYPH 43297 197 10 called call VBN 43297 197 11 ' ' `` 43297 197 12 colloidal colloidal NN 43297 197 13 ' ' '' 43297 197 14 properties property NNS 43297 197 15 of of IN 43297 197 16 clay clay NN 43297 197 17 may may MD 43297 197 18 be be VB 43297 197 19 due due IN 43297 197 20 to to IN 43297 197 21 the the DT 43297 197 22 smallness smallness NN 43297 197 23 of of IN 43297 197 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 197 25 particles particle NNS 43297 197 26 and and CC 43297 197 27 to to IN 43297 197 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 197 29 great great JJ 43297 197 30 porosity porosity NN 43297 197 31 , , , 43297 197 32 as as IN 43297 197 33 suggested suggest VBN 43297 197 34 by by IN 43297 197 35 Olschewsky Olschewsky NNP 43297 197 36 . . . 43297 198 1 Despite despite IN 43297 198 2 the the DT 43297 198 3 present present JJ 43297 198 4 impossibility impossibility NN 43297 198 5 of of IN 43297 198 6 producing produce VBG 43297 198 7 a a DT 43297 198 8 plastic plastic JJ 43297 198 9 material material NN 43297 198 10 from from IN 43297 198 11 artificially artificially RB 43297 198 12 prepared prepare VBN 43297 198 13 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 198 14 hydro hydro NNP 43297 198 15 - - HYPH 43297 198 16 alumino alumino NNP 43297 198 17 - - HYPH 43297 198 18 silicates silicate NNS 43297 198 19 of of IN 43297 198 20 the the DT 43297 198 21 same same JJ 43297 198 22 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 198 23 composition composition NN 43297 198 24 as as IN 43297 198 25 clay clay NN 43297 198 26 , , , 43297 198 27 and and CC 43297 198 28 the the DT 43297 198 29 fact fact NN 43297 198 30 that that IN 43297 198 31 the the DT 43297 198 32 addition addition NN 43297 198 33 of of IN 43297 198 34 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 198 35 substances substance NNS 43297 198 36 does do VBZ 43297 198 37 not not RB 43297 198 38 necessarily necessarily RB 43297 198 39 increase increase VB 43297 198 40 the the DT 43297 198 41 true true JJ 43297 198 42 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 198 43 of of IN 43297 198 44 clay clay NN 43297 198 45 , , , 43297 198 46 it -PRON- PRP 43297 198 47 can can MD 43297 198 48 not not RB 43297 198 49 be be VB 43297 198 50 denied deny VBN 43297 198 51 that that IN 43297 198 52 the the DT 43297 198 53 presence presence NN 43297 198 54 of of IN 43297 198 55 colloids colloid NNS 43297 198 56 has have VBZ 43297 198 57 an an DT 43297 198 58 important important JJ 43297 198 59 influence influence NN 43297 198 60 on on IN 43297 198 61 it -PRON- PRP 43297 198 62 . . . 43297 199 1 The the DT 43297 199 2 addition addition NN 43297 199 3 of of IN 43297 199 4 starches starch NNS 43297 199 5 , , , 43297 199 6 glue glue NN 43297 199 7 , , , 43297 199 8 gums gum NNS 43297 199 9 and and CC 43297 199 10 similar similar JJ 43297 199 11 substances substance NNS 43297 199 12 whilst whilst IN 43297 199 13 apparently apparently RB 43297 199 14 increasing increase VBG 43297 199 15 the the DT 43297 199 16 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 199 17 of of IN 43297 199 18 clay clay NN 43297 199 19 does do VBZ 43297 199 20 not not RB 43297 199 21 do do VB 43297 199 22 so so RB 43297 199 23 in in IN 43297 199 24 reality reality NN 43297 199 25 . . . 43297 200 1 The the DT 43297 200 2 addition addition NN 43297 200 3 of of IN 43297 200 4 1 1 CD 43297 200 5 per per NN 43297 200 6 cent cent NN 43297 200 7 . . . 43297 201 1 of of IN 43297 201 2 tannin tannin NNP 43297 201 3 , , , 43297 201 4 on on IN 43297 201 5 the the DT 43297 201 6 contrary contrary NN 43297 201 7 , , , 43297 201 8 has have VBZ 43297 201 9 been be VBN 43297 201 10 found find VBN 43297 201 11 by by IN 43297 201 12 Ries Ries NNP 43297 201 13 ( ( -LRB- 43297 201 14 6 6 CD 43297 201 15 ) ) -RRB- 43297 201 16 to to TO 43297 201 17 increase increase VB 43297 201 18 both both DT 43297 201 19 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 201 20 and and CC 43297 201 21 binding bind VBG 43297 201 22 power power NN 43297 201 23 . . . 43297 202 1 Plasticity plasticity NN 43297 202 2 appears appear VBZ 43297 202 3 to to TO 43297 202 4 be be VB 43297 202 5 composed compose VBN 43297 202 6 of of IN 43297 202 7 a a DT 43297 202 8 number number NN 43297 202 9 of of IN 43297 202 10 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 202 11 so so IN 43297 202 12 that that IN 43297 202 13 it -PRON- PRP 43297 202 14 is be VBZ 43297 202 15 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 202 16 likely likely JJ 43297 202 17 that that IN 43297 202 18 any any DT 43297 202 19 single single JJ 43297 202 20 cause cause NN 43297 202 21 can can MD 43297 202 22 be be VB 43297 202 23 assigned assign VBN 43297 202 24 to to IN 43297 202 25 it -PRON- PRP 43297 202 26 . . . 43297 203 1 On on IN 43297 203 2 the the DT 43297 203 3 contrary contrary NN 43297 203 4 , , , 43297 203 5 a a DT 43297 203 6 study study NN 43297 203 7 of of IN 43297 203 8 the the DT 43297 203 9 binding bind VBG 43297 203 10 power power NN 43297 203 11 , , , 43297 203 12 tensile tensile JJ 43297 203 13 strength strength NN 43297 203 14 , , , 43297 203 15 extensibility extensibility NN 43297 203 16 , , , 43297 203 17 adsorption adsorption NN 43297 203 18 , , , 43297 203 19 texture texture NN 43297 203 20 and and CC 43297 203 21 molecular molecular JJ 43297 203 22 constitution constitution NN 43297 203 23 of of IN 43297 203 24 clays clay NNS 43297 203 25 suggests suggest VBZ 43297 203 26 very very RB 43297 203 27 strongly strongly RB 43297 203 28 that that IN 43297 203 29 all all PDT 43297 203 30 these these DT 43297 203 31 properties property NNS 43297 203 32 are be VBP 43297 203 33 involved involve VBN 43297 203 34 in in IN 43297 203 35 the the DT 43297 203 36 production production NN 43297 203 37 of of IN 43297 203 38 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 203 39 and and CC 43297 203 40 that that IN 43297 203 41 it -PRON- PRP 43297 203 42 is be VBZ 43297 203 43 due due JJ 43297 203 44 to to IN 43297 203 45 the the DT 43297 203 46 chemical chemical NN 43297 203 47 as as RB 43297 203 48 well well RB 43297 203 49 as as IN 43297 203 50 the the DT 43297 203 51 physical physical JJ 43297 203 52 nature nature NN 43297 203 53 of of IN 43297 203 54 clay clay NN 43297 203 55 . . . 43297 204 1 No no DT 43297 204 2 clay clay NN 43297 204 3 is be VBZ 43297 204 4 entirely entirely RB 43297 204 5 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 204 6 -- -- : 43297 204 7 or or CC 43297 204 8 it -PRON- PRP 43297 204 9 would would MD 43297 204 10 be be VB 43297 204 11 elastic elastic JJ 43297 204 12 and and CC 43297 204 13 not not RB 43297 204 14 plastic plastic NN 43297 204 15 -- -- : 43297 204 16 but but CC 43297 204 17 all all DT 43297 204 18 appear appear VBP 43297 204 19 to to TO 43297 204 20 contain contain VB 43297 204 21 both both DT 43297 204 22 colloidal colloidal NN 43297 204 23 and and CC 43297 204 24 non non JJ 43297 204 25 - - JJ 43297 204 26 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 204 27 ( ( -LRB- 43297 204 28 including include VBG 43297 204 29 plate plate NN 43297 204 30 - - HYPH 43297 204 31 like like JJ 43297 204 32 ) ) -RRB- 43297 204 33 particles particle NNS 43297 204 34 , , , 43297 204 35 and and CC 43297 204 36 it -PRON- PRP 43297 204 37 is be VBZ 43297 204 38 not not RB 43297 204 39 improbable improbable JJ 43297 204 40 that that IN 43297 204 41 materials material NNS 43297 204 42 in in IN 43297 204 43 both both PDT 43297 204 44 these these DT 43297 204 45 states state NNS 43297 204 46 are be VBP 43297 204 47 required require VBN 43297 204 48 , , , 43297 204 49 the the DT 43297 204 50 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 204 51 matter matter NN 43297 204 52 acting act VBG 43297 204 53 as as IN 43297 204 54 a a DT 43297 204 55 cement cement NN 43297 204 56 . . . 43297 205 1 Ries rie NNS 43297 205 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 205 3 6 6 CD 43297 205 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 205 5 has have VBZ 43297 205 6 , , , 43297 205 7 in in IN 43297 205 8 fact fact NN 43297 205 9 , , , 43297 205 10 pointed point VBD 43297 205 11 out out RP 43297 205 12 that that IN 43297 205 13 colloids colloid NNS 43297 205 14 alone alone RB 43297 205 15 lack lack VBP 43297 205 16 cohesiveness cohesiveness NN 43297 205 17 and and CC 43297 205 18 solidity solidity NN 43297 205 19 , , , 43297 205 20 and and CC 43297 205 21 a a DT 43297 205 22 fine fine JJ 43297 205 23 mineral mineral NN 43297 205 24 aggregate aggregate NN 43297 205 25 is be VBZ 43297 205 26 necessary necessary JJ 43297 205 27 to to TO 43297 205 28 change change VB 43297 205 29 them -PRON- PRP 43297 205 30 into into IN 43297 205 31 a a DT 43297 205 32 plastic plastic JJ 43297 205 33 mass mass JJ 43297 205 34 resembling resembling NN 43297 205 35 clay clay NN 43297 205 36 . . . 43297 206 1 The the DT 43297 206 2 relative relative JJ 43297 206 3 proportions proportion NNS 43297 206 4 of of IN 43297 206 5 the the DT 43297 206 6 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 206 7 material material NN 43297 206 8 and and CC 43297 206 9 the the DT 43297 206 10 sizes size NNS 43297 206 11 of of IN 43297 206 12 the the DT 43297 206 13 non non JJ 43297 206 14 - - JJ 43297 206 15 plastic plastic JJ 43297 206 16 grains grain NNS 43297 206 17 will will MD 43297 206 18 exercise exercise VB 43297 206 19 an an DT 43297 206 20 important important JJ 43297 206 21 influence influence NN 43297 206 22 on on IN 43297 206 23 all all PDT 43297 206 24 the the DT 43297 206 25 physical physical JJ 43297 206 26 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 206 27 mentioned mention VBN 43297 206 28 above above RB 43297 206 29 , , , 43297 206 30 and and CC 43297 206 31 therefore therefore RB 43297 206 32 on on IN 43297 206 33 the the DT 43297 206 34 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 206 35 . . . 43297 207 1 The the DT 43297 207 2 manner manner NN 43297 207 3 in in IN 43297 207 4 which which WDT 43297 207 5 slightly slightly RB 43297 207 6 plastic plastic JJ 43297 207 7 clays clay NNS 43297 207 8 become become VBP 43297 207 9 highly highly RB 43297 207 10 plastic plastic NN 43297 207 11 in in IN 43297 207 12 nature nature NN 43297 207 13 is be VBZ 43297 207 14 by by IN 43297 207 15 no no DT 43297 207 16 means means NN 43297 207 17 certainly certainly RB 43297 207 18 known know VBN 43297 207 19 . . . 43297 208 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 208 2 has have VBZ 43297 208 3 long long RB 43297 208 4 been be VBN 43297 208 5 understood understand VBN 43297 208 6 that that IN 43297 208 7 the the DT 43297 208 8 increase increase NN 43297 208 9 of of IN 43297 208 10 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 208 11 is be VBZ 43297 208 12 due due JJ 43297 208 13 to to IN 43297 208 14 changes change NNS 43297 208 15 undergone undergo VBN 43297 208 16 by by IN 43297 208 17 the the DT 43297 208 18 clay clay NN 43297 208 19 during during IN 43297 208 20 transportation transportation NN 43297 208 21 . . . 43297 209 1 The the DT 43297 209 2 most most RBS 43297 209 3 illuminating illuminating JJ 43297 209 4 suggestion suggestion NN 43297 209 5 is be VBZ 43297 209 6 that that DT 43297 209 7 made make VBN 43297 209 8 by by IN 43297 209 9 Acheson Acheson NNP 43297 209 10 in in IN 43297 209 11 1902 1902 CD 43297 209 12 , , , 43297 209 13 who who WP 43297 209 14 concluded conclude VBD 43297 209 15 that that IN 43297 209 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 209 17 is be VBZ 43297 209 18 due due JJ 43297 209 19 to to IN 43297 209 20 impurities impurity NNS 43297 209 21 in in IN 43297 209 22 the the DT 43297 209 23 water water NN 43297 209 24 used use VBN 43297 209 25 in in IN 43297 209 26 transporting transport VBG 43297 209 27 the the DT 43297 209 28 clay clay NN 43297 209 29 or or CC 43297 209 30 remaining remain VBG 43297 209 31 in in IN 43297 209 32 contact contact NN 43297 209 33 with with IN 43297 209 34 it -PRON- PRP 43297 209 35 during during IN 43297 209 36 and and CC 43297 209 37 after after IN 43297 209 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 209 39 deposition deposition NN 43297 209 40 . . . 43297 210 1 These these DT 43297 210 2 impurities impurity NNS 43297 210 3 may may MD 43297 210 4 be be VB 43297 210 5 considered consider VBN 43297 210 6 as as IN 43297 210 7 derived derive VBN 43297 210 8 from from IN 43297 210 9 the the DT 43297 210 10 washings washing NNS 43297 210 11 of of IN 43297 210 12 forests forest NNS 43297 210 13 , , , 43297 210 14 and and CC 43297 210 15 after after IN 43297 210 16 many many JJ 43297 210 17 experiments experiment NNS 43297 210 18 with with IN 43297 210 19 plant plant NN 43297 210 20 extracts extract VBZ 43297 210 21 Acheson Acheson NNP 43297 210 22 believed believe VBD 43297 210 23 the the DT 43297 210 24 most most RBS 43297 210 25 important important JJ 43297 210 26 substance substance NN 43297 210 27 in in IN 43297 210 28 this this DT 43297 210 29 connection connection NN 43297 210 30 to to TO 43297 210 31 be be VB 43297 210 32 tannin tannin NN 43297 210 33 or or CC 43297 210 34 gallo gallo NN 43297 210 35 - - HYPH 43297 210 36 tannic tannic NN 43297 210 37 acid acid NN 43297 210 38 , , , 43297 210 39 a a DT 43297 210 40 dilute dilute NN 43297 210 41 solution solution NN 43297 210 42 of of IN 43297 210 43 which which WDT 43297 210 44 he -PRON- PRP 43297 210 45 found find VBD 43297 210 46 increased increase VBD 43297 210 47 the the DT 43297 210 48 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 210 49 of of IN 43297 210 50 china china NNP 43297 210 51 clay clay NNP 43297 210 52 by by IN 43297 210 53 300 300 CD 43297 210 54 per per NN 43297 210 55 cent cent NN 43297 210 56 . . . 43297 211 1 From from IN 43297 211 2 this this DT 43297 211 3 he -PRON- PRP 43297 211 4 further further RB 43297 211 5 argued argue VBD 43297 211 6 that that IN 43297 211 7 the the DT 43297 211 8 use use NN 43297 211 9 of of IN 43297 211 10 chopped chopped JJ 43297 211 11 straw straw NN 43297 211 12 by by IN 43297 211 13 the the DT 43297 211 14 Israelites Israelites NNPS 43297 211 15 in in IN 43297 211 16 Egypt Egypt NNP 43297 211 17 in in IN 43297 211 18 the the DT 43297 211 19 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 211 20 of of IN 43297 211 21 bricks brick NNS 43297 211 22 was be VBD 43297 211 23 unconsciously unconsciously RB 43297 211 24 based base VBN 43297 211 25 on on IN 43297 211 26 the the DT 43297 211 27 tannin tannin NN 43297 211 28 content content NN 43297 211 29 of of IN 43297 211 30 the the DT 43297 211 31 straw straw NN 43297 211 32 increasing increase VBG 43297 211 33 the the DT 43297 211 34 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 211 35 of of IN 43297 211 36 the the DT 43297 211 37 material material NN 43297 211 38 . . . 43297 212 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 212 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 212 3 : : : 43297 212 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 212 5 . . . 43297 213 1 5 5 CD 43297 213 2 . . . 43297 214 1 Chart chart NN 43297 214 2 showing show VBG 43297 214 3 rates rate NNS 43297 214 4 of of IN 43297 214 5 drying dry VBG 43297 214 6 . . . 43297 215 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 215 2 _ _ NNP 43297 215 3 After after IN 43297 215 4 Bleininger Bleininger NNP 43297 215 5 . . . 43297 215 6 _ _ NNP 43297 215 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 215 8 ] ] -RRB- 43297 215 9 Beadle Beadle NNP 43297 215 10 has have VBZ 43297 215 11 stated state VBN 43297 215 12 that that IN 43297 215 13 2 2 CD 43297 215 14 per per NN 43297 215 15 cent cent NN 43297 215 16 . . . 43297 216 1 of of IN 43297 216 2 dissolved dissolve VBN 43297 216 3 cellulose cellulose NNP 43297 216 4 will will MD 43297 216 5 increase increase VB 43297 216 6 the the DT 43297 216 7 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 216 8 of of IN 43297 216 9 china china NNP 43297 216 10 clay clay NNP 43297 216 11 and and CC 43297 216 12 make make VB 43297 216 13 it -PRON- PRP 43297 216 14 equal equal JJ 43297 216 15 to to IN 43297 216 16 that that DT 43297 216 17 of of IN 43297 216 18 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 216 19 clay clay NN 43297 216 20 . . . 43297 217 1 Plasticity plasticity NN 43297 217 2 is be VBZ 43297 217 3 diminished diminish VBN 43297 217 4 by by IN 43297 217 5 heating heat VBG 43297 217 6 clays clay NNS 43297 217 7 , , , 43297 217 8 and and CC 43297 217 9 whilst whilst IN 43297 217 10 much much JJ 43297 217 11 of of IN 43297 217 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 217 13 may may MD 43297 217 14 be be VB 43297 217 15 recovered recover VBN 43297 217 16 if if IN 43297 217 17 the the DT 43297 217 18 temperature temperature NN 43297 217 19 has have VBZ 43297 217 20 not not RB 43297 217 21 risen rise VBN 43297 217 22 above above IN 43297 217 23 400 400 CD 43297 217 24 ° ° NNS 43297 217 25 C. C. NNP 43297 217 26 it -PRON- PRP 43297 217 27 can can MD 43297 217 28 not not RB 43297 217 29 be be VB 43297 217 30 completely completely RB 43297 217 31 restored restore VBN 43297 217 32 . . . 43297 218 1 Moreover moreover RB 43297 218 2 , , , 43297 218 3 a a DT 43297 218 4 clay clay NN 43297 218 5 which which WDT 43297 218 6 has have VBZ 43297 218 7 once once RB 43297 218 8 been be VBN 43297 218 9 heated heat VBN 43297 218 10 to to IN 43297 218 11 a a DT 43297 218 12 temperature temperature NN 43297 218 13 above above IN 43297 218 14 100 100 CD 43297 218 15 ° ° NNS 43297 218 16 C. C. NNP 43297 218 17 dries dry NNS 43297 218 18 in in IN 43297 218 19 a a DT 43297 218 20 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 218 21 different different JJ 43297 218 22 manner manner NN 43297 218 23 to to IN 43297 218 24 a a DT 43297 218 25 raw raw JJ 43297 218 26 clay clay NN 43297 218 27 . . . 43297 219 1 This this DT 43297 219 2 is be VBZ 43297 219 3 well well RB 43297 219 4 shown show VBN 43297 219 5 in in IN 43297 219 6 fig fig NN 43297 219 7 . . . 43297 220 1 5 5 CD 43297 220 2 in in IN 43297 220 3 which which WDT 43297 220 4 are be VBP 43297 220 5 summarized summarize VBN 43297 220 6 the the DT 43297 220 7 results result NNS 43297 220 8 obtained obtain VBN 43297 220 9 by by IN 43297 220 10 A. a. NN 43297 220 11 V. V. NNP 43297 220 12 Bleininger Bleininger NNP 43297 220 13 on on IN 43297 220 14 a a DT 43297 220 15 sample sample NN 43297 220 16 of of IN 43297 220 17 ball ball NN 43297 220 18 clay clay NN 43297 220 19 from from IN 43297 220 20 Dorset Dorset NNP 43297 220 21 before before IN 43297 220 22 heating heating NN 43297 220 23 and and CC 43297 220 24 after after IN 43297 220 25 portions portion NNS 43297 220 26 of of IN 43297 220 27 it -PRON- PRP 43297 220 28 had have VBD 43297 220 29 been be VBN 43297 220 30 heated heat VBN 43297 220 31 for for IN 43297 220 32 16 16 CD 43297 220 33 hours hour NNS 43297 220 34 to to IN 43297 220 35 200 200 CD 43297 220 36 ° ° NNS 43297 220 37 , , , 43297 220 38 250 250 CD 43297 220 39 ° ° NNS 43297 220 40 , , , 43297 220 41 300 300 CD 43297 220 42 ° ° NNS 43297 220 43 , , , 43297 220 44 350 350 CD 43297 220 45 ° ° NNS 43297 220 46 and and CC 43297 220 47 400 400 CD 43297 220 48 ° ° , 43297 220 49 C. C. NNP 43297 220 50 respectively respectively RB 43297 220 51 . . . 43297 221 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 221 2 is be VBZ 43297 221 3 not not RB 43297 221 4 impossible impossible JJ 43297 221 5 that that IN 43297 221 6 if if IN 43297 221 7 subjected subject VBN 43297 221 8 to to IN 43297 221 9 the the DT 43297 221 10 influence influence NN 43297 221 11 of of IN 43297 221 12 water water NN 43297 221 13 for for IN 43297 221 14 a a DT 43297 221 15 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 221 16 long long JJ 43297 221 17 time time NN 43297 221 18 the the DT 43297 221 19 whole whole NN 43297 221 20 of of IN 43297 221 21 the the DT 43297 221 22 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 221 23 of of IN 43297 221 24 a a DT 43297 221 25 heated heat VBN 43297 221 26 clay clay NN 43297 221 27 may may MD 43297 221 28 be be VB 43297 221 29 restored restore VBN 43297 221 30 , , , 43297 221 31 providing provide VBG 43297 221 32 that that IN 43297 221 33 the the DT 43297 221 34 temperature temperature NN 43297 221 35 has have VBZ 43297 221 36 not not RB 43297 221 37 been be VBN 43297 221 38 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 221 39 to to TO 43297 221 40 cause cause VB 43297 221 41 a a DT 43297 221 42 destruction destruction NN 43297 221 43 of of IN 43297 221 44 the the DT 43297 221 45 clay clay NN 43297 221 46 molecule molecule NN 43297 221 47 , , , 43297 221 48 but but CC 43297 221 49 as as IN 43297 221 50 this this DT 43297 221 51 resumption resumption NN 43297 221 52 requires require VBZ 43297 221 53 a a DT 43297 221 54 certain certain JJ 43297 221 55 amount amount NN 43297 221 56 of of IN 43297 221 57 time time NN 43297 221 58 , , , 43297 221 59 Bleininger Bleininger NNP 43297 221 60 has have VBZ 43297 221 61 proposed propose VBN 43297 221 62 to to TO 43297 221 63 use use VB 43297 221 64 the the DT 43297 221 65 reduction reduction NN 43297 221 66 in in IN 43297 221 67 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 221 68 effected effect VBN 43297 221 69 by by IN 43297 221 70 the the DT 43297 221 71 heating heating NN 43297 221 72 to to TO 43297 221 73 enable enable VB 43297 221 74 excessively excessively RB 43297 221 75 plastic plastic JJ 43297 221 76 clays clay NNS 43297 221 77 to to TO 43297 221 78 be be VB 43297 221 79 worked work VBN 43297 221 80 without without IN 43297 221 81 the the DT 43297 221 82 necessity necessity NN 43297 221 83 of of IN 43297 221 84 adding add VBG 43297 221 85 non non JJ 43297 221 86 - - JJ 43297 221 87 plastic plastic JJ 43297 221 88 material material NN 43297 221 89 to to IN 43297 221 90 them -PRON- PRP 43297 221 91 . . . 43297 222 1 If if IN 43297 222 2 any any DT 43297 222 3 destruction destruction NN 43297 222 4 of of IN 43297 222 5 the the DT 43297 222 6 clay clay NN 43297 222 7 - - HYPH 43297 222 8 molecules molecule NNS 43297 222 9 has have VBZ 43297 222 10 occurred occur VBN 43297 222 11 , , , 43297 222 12 the the DT 43297 222 13 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 222 14 of of IN 43297 222 15 that that DT 43297 222 16 portion portion NN 43297 222 17 of of IN 43297 222 18 the the DT 43297 222 19 clay clay NN 43297 222 20 can can MD 43297 222 21 never never RB 43297 222 22 be be VB 43297 222 23 restored restore VBN 43297 222 24 . . . 43297 223 1 The the DT 43297 223 2 _ _ NNP 43297 223 3 binding bind VBG 43297 223 4 power power NN 43297 223 5 _ _ NNP 43297 223 6 of of IN 43297 223 7 clays clay NNS 43297 223 8 is be VBZ 43297 223 9 a a DT 43297 223 10 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 223 11 closely closely RB 43297 223 12 connected connect VBN 43297 223 13 with with IN 43297 223 14 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 223 15 and and CC 43297 223 16 occasionally occasionally RB 43297 223 17 confused confuse VBD 43297 223 18 with with IN 43297 223 19 it -PRON- PRP 43297 223 20 . . . 43297 224 1 All all DT 43297 224 2 plastic plastic NN 43297 224 3 clays clay NNS 43297 224 4 have have VBP 43297 224 5 the the DT 43297 224 6 power power NN 43297 224 7 of of IN 43297 224 8 remaining remain VBG 43297 224 9 plastic plastic NN 43297 224 10 when when WRB 43297 224 11 mixed mix VBN 43297 224 12 with with IN 43297 224 13 materials material NNS 43297 224 14 such such JJ 43297 224 15 as as IN 43297 224 16 sand sand NN 43297 224 17 , , , 43297 224 18 brick brick NN 43297 224 19 - - HYPH 43297 224 20 dust dust NN 43297 224 21 ( ( -LRB- 43297 224 22 ' ' `` 43297 224 23 grog grog NNP 43297 224 24 ' ' '' 43297 224 25 ) ) -RRB- 43297 224 26 and and CC 43297 224 27 other other JJ 43297 224 28 materials material NNS 43297 224 29 which which WDT 43297 224 30 are be VBP 43297 224 31 quite quite RB 43297 224 32 devoid devoid JJ 43297 224 33 of of IN 43297 224 34 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 224 35 . . . 43297 225 1 The the DT 43297 225 2 extent extent NN 43297 225 3 to to TO 43297 225 4 which which WDT 43297 225 5 a a DT 43297 225 6 clay clay NN 43297 225 7 can can MD 43297 225 8 thus thus RB 43297 225 9 bind bind VB 43297 225 10 other other JJ 43297 225 11 materials material NNS 43297 225 12 together together RB 43297 225 13 into into IN 43297 225 14 a a DT 43297 225 15 plastic plastic JJ 43297 225 16 mass mass NN 43297 225 17 depends depend VBZ 43297 225 18 , , , 43297 225 19 apparently apparently RB 43297 225 20 , , , 43297 225 21 on on IN 43297 225 22 the the DT 43297 225 23 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 225 24 of of IN 43297 225 25 the the DT 43297 225 26 clay clay NN 43297 225 27 itself -PRON- PRP 43297 225 28 and and CC 43297 225 29 on on IN 43297 225 30 the the DT 43297 225 31 size size NN 43297 225 32 and and CC 43297 225 33 nature nature NN 43297 225 34 of of IN 43297 225 35 the the DT 43297 225 36 particles particle NNS 43297 225 37 of of IN 43297 225 38 the the DT 43297 225 39 added add VBN 43297 225 40 material material NN 43297 225 41 ; ; : 43297 225 42 the the DT 43297 225 43 more more RBR 43297 225 44 plastic plastic NN 43297 225 45 the the DT 43297 225 46 clay clay NN 43297 225 47 the the DT 43297 225 48 larger large JJR 43297 225 49 will will MD 43297 225 50 be be VB 43297 225 51 the the DT 43297 225 52 amount amount NN 43297 225 53 of of IN 43297 225 54 material material NN 43297 225 55 it -PRON- PRP 43297 225 56 can can MD 43297 225 57 thus thus RB 43297 225 58 ' ' `` 43297 225 59 bind bind VB 43297 225 60 , , , 43297 225 61 ' ' '' 43297 225 62 and and CC 43297 225 63 the the DT 43297 225 64 finer fine JJR 43297 225 65 the the DT 43297 225 66 latter latter JJ 43297 225 67 the the DT 43297 225 68 more more RBR 43297 225 69 easily easily RB 43297 225 70 will will MD 43297 225 71 it -PRON- PRP 43297 225 72 form form VB 43297 225 73 a a DT 43297 225 74 strong strong JJ 43297 225 75 material material NN 43297 225 76 when when WRB 43297 225 77 mixed mix VBN 43297 225 78 with with IN 43297 225 79 a a DT 43297 225 80 plastic plastic JJ 43297 225 81 clay clay NN 43297 225 82 . . . 43297 226 1 Rohland Rohland NNP 43297 226 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 226 3 5 5 CD 43297 226 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 226 5 has have VBZ 43297 226 6 shown show VBN 43297 226 7 that that IN 43297 226 8 the the DT 43297 226 9 binding bind VBG 43297 226 10 power power NN 43297 226 11 of of IN 43297 226 12 clay clay NN 43297 226 13 is be VBZ 43297 226 14 not not RB 43297 226 15 alone alone JJ 43297 226 16 due due JJ 43297 226 17 to to IN 43297 226 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 226 19 cohesion cohesion NN 43297 226 20 , , , 43297 226 21 but but CC 43297 226 22 that that IN 43297 226 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 226 24 is be VBZ 43297 226 25 closely closely RB 43297 226 26 associated associate VBN 43297 226 27 with with IN 43297 226 28 the the DT 43297 226 29 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 226 30 nature nature NN 43297 226 31 of of IN 43297 226 32 plastic plastic JJ 43297 226 33 clays clay NNS 43297 226 34 : : : 43297 226 35 ' ' `` 43297 226 36 fat fat NN 43297 226 37 ' ' '' 43297 226 38 clays clay NNS 43297 226 39 being be VBG 43297 226 40 those those DT 43297 226 41 which which WDT 43297 226 42 are be VBP 43297 226 43 highly highly RB 43297 226 44 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 226 45 , , , 43297 226 46 highly highly RB 43297 226 47 plastic plastic NN 43297 226 48 and and CC 43297 226 49 possessing possess VBG 43297 226 50 great great JJ 43297 226 51 binding bind VBG 43297 226 52 power power NN 43297 226 53 , , , 43297 226 54 whilst whilst IN 43297 226 55 ' ' `` 43297 226 56 lean lean JJ 43297 226 57 ' ' '' 43297 226 58 clays clay NNS 43297 226 59 are be VBP 43297 226 60 those those DT 43297 226 61 deficient deficient JJ 43297 226 62 in in IN 43297 226 63 these these DT 43297 226 64 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 226 65 . . . 43297 227 1 The the DT 43297 227 2 fact fact NN 43297 227 3 that that IN 43297 227 4 , , , 43297 227 5 as as IN 43297 227 6 a a DT 43297 227 7 general general JJ 43297 227 8 rule rule NN 43297 227 9 , , , 43297 227 10 the the DT 43297 227 11 dark dark JJ 43297 227 12 coloured coloured JJ 43297 227 13 clays clay NNS 43297 227 14 possess possess VBP 43297 227 15 the the DT 43297 227 16 most most RBS 43297 227 17 binding binding JJ 43297 227 18 power power NN 43297 227 19 , , , 43297 227 20 confirms confirm VBZ 43297 227 21 this this DT 43297 227 22 suggestion suggestion NN 43297 227 23 , , , 43297 227 24 as as IN 43297 227 25 the the DT 43297 227 26 dark dark JJ 43297 227 27 colour colour NN 43297 227 28 is be VBZ 43297 227 29 largely largely RB 43297 227 30 due due JJ 43297 227 31 to to IN 43297 227 32 organic organic JJ 43297 227 33 materials material NNS 43297 227 34 , , , 43297 227 35 probably probably RB 43297 227 36 in in IN 43297 227 37 a a DT 43297 227 38 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 227 39 state state NN 43297 227 40 . . . 43297 228 1 The the DT 43297 228 2 _ _ NNP 43297 228 3 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 228 4 _ _ NNP 43297 228 5 which which WDT 43297 228 6 all all DT 43297 228 7 clays clay NNS 43297 228 8 undergo undergo VBP 43297 228 9 on on IN 43297 228 10 drying drying NN 43297 228 11 and and CC 43297 228 12 when when WRB 43297 228 13 heated heat VBN 43297 228 14 is be VBZ 43297 228 15 another another DT 43297 228 16 important important JJ 43297 228 17 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 228 18 . . . 43297 229 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 229 2 is be VBZ 43297 229 3 due due JJ 43297 229 4 to to IN 43297 229 5 the the DT 43297 229 6 fact fact NN 43297 229 7 that that IN 43297 229 8 as as IN 43297 229 9 water water NN 43297 229 10 is be VBZ 43297 229 11 removed remove VBN 43297 229 12 the the DT 43297 229 13 solid solid JJ 43297 229 14 particles particle NNS 43297 229 15 approach approach VBP 43297 229 16 closer close RBR 43297 229 17 to to IN 43297 229 18 each each DT 43297 229 19 other other JJ 43297 229 20 , , , 43297 229 21 the the DT 43297 229 22 volume volume NN 43297 229 23 of of IN 43297 229 24 the the DT 43297 229 25 whole whole JJ 43297 229 26 mass mass NN 43297 229 27 being be VBG 43297 229 28 thereby thereby RB 43297 229 29 reduced reduce VBN 43297 229 30 . . . 43297 230 1 In in IN 43297 230 2 a a DT 43297 230 3 wet wet JJ 43297 230 4 piece piece NN 43297 230 5 of of IN 43297 230 6 clay clay NN 43297 230 7 each each DT 43297 230 8 particle particle NN 43297 230 9 is be VBZ 43297 230 10 surrounded surround VBN 43297 230 11 by by IN 43297 230 12 a a DT 43297 230 13 film film NN 43297 230 14 of of IN 43297 230 15 water water NN 43297 230 16 , , , 43297 230 17 the the DT 43297 230 18 thickness thickness NN 43297 230 19 of of IN 43297 230 20 which which WDT 43297 230 21 depends depend VBZ 43297 230 22 on on IN 43297 230 23 the the DT 43297 230 24 nature nature NN 43297 230 25 of of IN 43297 230 26 the the DT 43297 230 27 clay clay NN 43297 230 28 . . . 43297 231 1 As as IN 43297 231 2 this this DT 43297 231 3 water water NN 43297 231 4 evaporates evaporate VBZ 43297 231 5 from from IN 43297 231 6 the the DT 43297 231 7 surface surface NN 43297 231 8 of of IN 43297 231 9 the the DT 43297 231 10 clay clay NN 43297 231 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 231 12 place place NN 43297 231 13 is be VBZ 43297 231 14 taken take VBN 43297 231 15 by by IN 43297 231 16 water water NN 43297 231 17 from from IN 43297 231 18 the the DT 43297 231 19 interior interior NNP 43297 231 20 which which WDT 43297 231 21 rises rise VBZ 43297 231 22 to to IN 43297 231 23 the the DT 43297 231 24 surface surface NN 43297 231 25 by by IN 43297 231 26 capillary capillary JJ 43297 231 27 attraction attraction NN 43297 231 28 . . . 43297 232 1 So so RB 43297 232 2 long long RB 43297 232 3 as as IN 43297 232 4 there there EX 43297 232 5 is be VBZ 43297 232 6 any any DT 43297 232 7 water water NN 43297 232 8 between between IN 43297 232 9 the the DT 43297 232 10 particles particle NNS 43297 232 11 of of IN 43297 232 12 clay clay NN 43297 232 13 there there EX 43297 232 14 will will MD 43297 232 15 be be VB 43297 232 16 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 232 17 when when WRB 43297 232 18 this this DT 43297 232 19 water water NN 43297 232 20 is be VBZ 43297 232 21 removed remove VBN 43297 232 22 , , , 43297 232 23 but but CC 43297 232 24 a a DT 43297 232 25 stage stage NN 43297 232 26 is be VBZ 43297 232 27 eventually eventually RB 43297 232 28 reached reach VBN 43297 232 29 when when WRB 43297 232 30 the the DT 43297 232 31 particles particle NNS 43297 232 32 of of IN 43297 232 33 clay clay NN 43297 232 34 are be VBP 43297 232 35 in in IN 43297 232 36 contact contact NN 43297 232 37 with with IN 43297 232 38 each each DT 43297 232 39 other other JJ 43297 232 40 and and CC 43297 232 41 no no DT 43297 232 42 more more JJR 43297 232 43 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 232 44 can can MD 43297 232 45 occur occur VB 43297 232 46 . . . 43297 233 1 That that IN 43297 233 2 this this DT 43297 233 3 cessation cessation NN 43297 233 4 of of IN 43297 233 5 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 233 6 may may MD 43297 233 7 take take VB 43297 233 8 place place NN 43297 233 9 before before IN 43297 233 10 all all PDT 43297 233 11 the the DT 43297 233 12 water water NN 43297 233 13 has have VBZ 43297 233 14 been be VBN 43297 233 15 removed remove VBN 43297 233 16 from from IN 43297 233 17 the the DT 43297 233 18 clay clay NN 43297 233 19 is be VBZ 43297 233 20 easily easily RB 43297 233 21 understood understand VBN 43297 233 22 when when WRB 43297 233 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 233 24 is be VBZ 43297 233 25 remembered remember VBN 43297 233 26 that that IN 43297 233 27 whilst whilst IN 43297 233 28 the the DT 43297 233 29 clay clay NN 43297 233 30 particles particle NNS 43297 233 31 may may MD 43297 233 32 be be VB 43297 233 33 in in IN 43297 233 34 contact contact NN 43297 233 35 , , , 43297 233 36 yet yet CC 43297 233 37 there there EX 43297 233 38 are be VBP 43297 233 39 still still RB 43297 233 40 places place NNS 43297 233 41 ( ( -LRB- 43297 233 42 pores pore NNS 43297 233 43 ) ) -RRB- 43297 233 44 where where WRB 43297 233 45 the the DT 43297 233 46 contact contact NN 43297 233 47 is be VBZ 43297 233 48 incomplete incomplete JJ 43297 233 49 , , , 43297 233 50 and and CC 43297 233 51 in in IN 43297 233 52 these these DT 43297 233 53 pores pore NNS 43297 233 54 water water NN 43297 233 55 may may MD 43297 233 56 be be VB 43297 233 57 retained retain VBN 43297 233 58 . . . 43297 234 1 The the DT 43297 234 2 amount amount NN 43297 234 3 of of IN 43297 234 4 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 234 5 clays clay NNS 43297 234 6 undergo undergo VBP 43297 234 7 on on IN 43297 234 8 drying drying NN 43297 234 9 depends depend VBZ 43297 234 10 partly partly RB 43297 234 11 on on IN 43297 234 12 the the DT 43297 234 13 proportion proportion NN 43297 234 14 of of IN 43297 234 15 water water NN 43297 234 16 added add VBN 43297 234 17 to to IN 43297 234 18 them -PRON- PRP 43297 234 19 and and CC 43297 234 20 partly partly RB 43297 234 21 on on IN 43297 234 22 the the DT 43297 234 23 sizes size NNS 43297 234 24 of of IN 43297 234 25 the the DT 43297 234 26 different different JJ 43297 234 27 particles particle NNS 43297 234 28 of of IN 43297 234 29 clay clay NN 43297 234 30 , , , 43297 234 31 sand sand NN 43297 234 32 , , , 43297 234 33 etc etc FW 43297 234 34 . . . 43297 235 1 present present JJ 43297 235 2 . . . 43297 236 1 An an DT 43297 236 2 average average JJ 43297 236 3 reduction reduction NN 43297 236 4 in in IN 43297 236 5 volume volume NN 43297 236 6 of of IN 43297 236 7 12 12 CD 43297 236 8 to to TO 43297 236 9 38 38 CD 43297 236 10 per per NN 43297 236 11 cent cent NN 43297 236 12 . . . 43297 237 1 may may MD 43297 237 2 be be VB 43297 237 3 regarded regard VBN 43297 237 4 as as IN 43297 237 5 normal normal JJ 43297 237 6 , , , 43297 237 7 but but CC 43297 237 8 coarse coarse JJ 43297 237 9 loams loam NNS 43297 237 10 may may MD 43297 237 11 shrink shrink VB 43297 237 12 only only RB 43297 237 13 1 1 CD 43297 237 14 per per NN 43297 237 15 cent cent NN 43297 237 16 . . . 43297 238 1 and and CC 43297 238 2 very very RB 43297 238 3 finely finely RB 43297 238 4 ground ground VBP 43297 238 5 , , , 43297 238 6 highly highly RB 43297 238 7 plastic plastic JJ 43297 238 8 ball ball NN 43297 238 9 clays clay NNS 43297 238 10 may may MD 43297 238 11 shrink shrink VB 43297 238 12 as as RB 43297 238 13 much much JJ 43297 238 14 as as IN 43297 238 15 50 50 CD 43297 238 16 per per NN 43297 238 17 cent cent NN 43297 238 18 . . . 43297 238 19 , , , 43297 238 20 though though IN 43297 238 21 this this DT 43297 238 22 is be VBZ 43297 238 23 unusual unusual JJ 43297 238 24 . . . 43297 239 1 As as IN 43297 239 2 all all DT 43297 239 3 coagulated coagulate VBN 43297 239 4 colloids colloid NNS 43297 239 5 , , , 43297 239 6 which which WDT 43297 239 7 have have VBP 43297 239 8 absorbed absorb VBN 43297 239 9 water water NN 43297 239 10 , , , 43297 239 11 shrink shrink VB 43297 239 12 on on IN 43297 239 13 drying drying NN 43297 239 14 , , , 43297 239 15 this this DT 43297 239 16 behaviour behaviour NN 43297 239 17 of of IN 43297 239 18 clay clay NN 43297 239 19 appears appear VBZ 43297 239 20 to to TO 43297 239 21 confirm confirm VB 43297 239 22 the the DT 43297 239 23 view view NN 43297 239 24 as as IN 43297 239 25 to to IN 43297 239 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 239 27 partially partially RB 43297 239 28 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 239 29 nature nature NN 43297 239 30 held hold VBN 43297 239 31 by by IN 43297 239 32 some some DT 43297 239 33 investigators investigator NNS 43297 239 34 . . . 43297 240 1 When when WRB 43297 240 2 a a DT 43297 240 3 piece piece NN 43297 240 4 of of IN 43297 240 5 dry dry JJ 43297 240 6 clay clay NN 43297 240 7 is be VBZ 43297 240 8 heated heat VBN 43297 240 9 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 240 10 a a DT 43297 240 11 further further JJ 43297 240 12 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 240 13 ( ( -LRB- 43297 240 14 technically technically RB 43297 240 15 known know VBN 43297 240 16 as as IN 43297 240 17 _ _ NNP 43297 240 18 kiln kiln NNP 43297 240 19 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 240 20 _ _ NNP 43297 240 21 ) ) -RRB- 43297 240 22 occurs occur VBZ 43297 240 23 . . . 43297 241 1 This this DT 43297 241 2 begins begin VBZ 43297 241 3 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 241 4 below below IN 43297 241 5 a a DT 43297 241 6 red red JJ 43297 241 7 heat heat NN 43297 241 8 and and CC 43297 241 9 increases increase NNS 43297 241 10 in in IN 43297 241 11 rough rough JJ 43297 241 12 proportion proportion NN 43297 241 13 to to IN 43297 241 14 the the DT 43297 241 15 temperature temperature NN 43297 241 16 and and CC 43297 241 17 the the DT 43297 241 18 duration duration NN 43297 241 19 of of IN 43297 241 20 the the DT 43297 241 21 heating heating NN 43297 241 22 . . . 43297 242 1 Prolonged prolonged JJ 43297 242 2 heating heating NN 43297 242 3 at at IN 43297 242 4 a a DT 43297 242 5 lower low JJR 43297 242 6 temperature temperature NN 43297 242 7 will will MD 43297 242 8 effect effect VB 43297 242 9 the the DT 43297 242 10 same same JJ 43297 242 11 amount amount NN 43297 242 12 of of IN 43297 242 13 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 242 14 as as IN 43297 242 15 a a DT 43297 242 16 short short JJ 43297 242 17 exposure exposure NN 43297 242 18 to to IN 43297 242 19 a a DT 43297 242 20 higher high JJR 43297 242 21 temperature temperature NN 43297 242 22 , , , 43297 242 23 but but CC 43297 242 24 though though IN 43297 242 25 the the DT 43297 242 26 greater great JJR 43297 242 27 part part NN 43297 242 28 of of IN 43297 242 29 the the DT 43297 242 30 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 242 31 occurs occur VBZ 43297 242 32 in in IN 43297 242 33 a a DT 43297 242 34 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 242 35 short short JJ 43297 242 36 time time NN 43297 242 37 , , , 43297 242 38 continued continued JJ 43297 242 39 heating heating NN 43297 242 40 will will MD 43297 242 41 be be VB 43297 242 42 accompanied accompany VBN 43297 242 43 by by IN 43297 242 44 a a DT 43297 242 45 further further JJ 43297 242 46 reduction reduction NN 43297 242 47 in in IN 43297 242 48 volume volume NN 43297 242 49 . . . 43297 243 1 This this DT 43297 243 2 is be VBZ 43297 243 3 due due JJ 43297 243 4 to to IN 43297 243 5 the the DT 43297 243 6 fact fact NN 43297 243 7 that that IN 43297 243 8 clays clay NNS 43297 243 9 have have VBP 43297 243 10 no no DT 43297 243 11 definite definite JJ 43297 243 12 melting melting NN 43297 243 13 point point NN 43297 243 14 , , , 43297 243 15 but but CC 43297 243 16 undergo undergo VBP 43297 243 17 partial partial JJ 43297 243 18 fusion fusion NN 43297 243 19 at at IN 43297 243 20 all all DT 43297 243 21 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 243 22 above above IN 43297 243 23 950 950 CD 43297 243 24 ° ° , 43297 243 25 C. C. NNP 43297 243 26 or or CC 43297 243 27 , , , 43297 243 28 in in IN 43297 243 29 some some DT 43297 243 30 cases case NNS 43297 243 31 , , , 43297 243 32 at at IN 43297 243 33 even even RB 43297 243 34 lower low JJR 43297 243 35 ones one NNS 43297 243 36 . . . 43297 244 1 As as IN 43297 244 2 a a DT 43297 244 3 portion portion NN 43297 244 4 of of IN 43297 244 5 the the DT 43297 244 6 material material NN 43297 244 7 fuses fuse NNS 43297 244 8 , , , 43297 244 9 it -PRON- PRP 43297 244 10 fills fill VBZ 43297 244 11 up up RP 43297 244 12 the the DT 43297 244 13 pores pore NNS 43297 244 14 in in IN 43297 244 15 the the DT 43297 244 16 mass mass NN 43297 244 17 and and CC 43297 244 18 attacks attack VBZ 43297 244 19 the the DT 43297 244 20 unfused unfused JJ 43297 244 21 material material NN 43297 244 22 , , , 43297 244 23 this this DT 43297 244 24 process process NN 43297 244 25 being be VBG 43297 244 26 continued continue VBN 43297 244 27 until until IN 43297 244 28 either either CC 43297 244 29 the the DT 43297 244 30 heating heating NN 43297 244 31 is be VBZ 43297 244 32 stopped stop VBN 43297 244 33 or or CC 43297 244 34 the the DT 43297 244 35 whole whole JJ 43297 244 36 material material NN 43297 244 37 is be VBZ 43297 244 38 reduced reduce VBN 43297 244 39 to to IN 43297 244 40 a a DT 43297 244 41 viscous viscous JJ 43297 244 42 slag slag NN 43297 244 43 . . . 43297 245 1 The the DT 43297 245 2 reduction reduction NN 43297 245 3 in in IN 43297 245 4 the the DT 43297 245 5 volume volume NN 43297 245 6 of of IN 43297 245 7 commercial commercial JJ 43297 245 8 articles article NNS 43297 245 9 made make VBN 43297 245 10 of of IN 43297 245 11 clay clay NN 43297 245 12 and and CC 43297 245 13 placed place VBN 43297 245 14 in in IN 43297 245 15 kilns kilns NNP 43297 245 16 varies vary VBZ 43297 245 17 greatly greatly RB 43297 245 18 . . . 43297 246 1 With with IN 43297 246 2 bricks brick NNS 43297 246 3 , , , 43297 246 4 terra terra NNP 43297 246 5 - - HYPH 43297 246 6 cotta cotta NNP 43297 246 7 and and CC 43297 246 8 pottery pottery NN 43297 246 9 it -PRON- PRP 43297 246 10 must must MD 43297 246 11 not not RB 43297 246 12 , , , 43297 246 13 usually usually RB 43297 246 14 , , , 43297 246 15 exceed exceed VB 43297 246 16 40 40 CD 43297 246 17 per per NN 43297 246 18 cent cent NN 43297 246 19 . . . 43297 247 1 or or CC 43297 247 2 the the DT 43297 247 3 warping warping NN 43297 247 4 and and CC 43297 247 5 cracking cracking NN 43297 247 6 which which WDT 43297 247 7 occur occur VBP 43297 247 8 will will MD 43297 247 9 be be VB 43297 247 10 so so RB 43297 247 11 great great JJ 43297 247 12 as as IN 43297 247 13 to to TO 43297 247 14 make make VB 43297 247 15 the the DT 43297 247 16 articles article NNS 43297 247 17 useless useless JJ 43297 247 18 . . . 43297 248 1 The the DT 43297 248 2 fineness fineness NN 43297 248 3 of of IN 43297 248 4 the the DT 43297 248 5 particles particle NNS 43297 248 6 exercises exercise VBZ 43297 248 7 an an DT 43297 248 8 important important JJ 43297 248 9 influence influence NN 43297 248 10 on on IN 43297 248 11 the the DT 43297 248 12 kiln kiln NN 43297 248 13 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 248 14 of of IN 43297 248 15 a a DT 43297 248 16 clay clay NN 43297 248 17 , , , 43297 248 18 and and CC 43297 248 19 the the DT 43297 248 20 latter latter JJ 43297 248 21 is be VBZ 43297 248 22 frequently frequently RB 43297 248 23 reduced reduce VBN 43297 248 24 in in IN 43297 248 25 commercial commercial JJ 43297 248 26 clayworking clayworke VBG 43297 248 27 by by IN 43297 248 28 adding add VBG 43297 248 29 burned burn VBN 43297 248 30 clay clay NN 43297 248 31 ground ground NN 43297 248 32 to to IN 43297 248 33 a a DT 43297 248 34 coarse coarse JJ 43297 248 35 powder powder NN 43297 248 36 to to IN 43297 248 37 the the DT 43297 248 38 plastic plastic JJ 43297 248 39 clay clay NN 43297 248 40 before before IN 43297 248 41 it -PRON- PRP 43297 248 42 is be VBZ 43297 248 43 used use VBN 43297 248 44 . . . 43297 249 1 Sand sand NN 43297 249 2 is be VBZ 43297 249 3 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 249 4 added add VBN 43297 249 5 for for IN 43297 249 6 the the DT 43297 249 7 same same JJ 43297 249 8 purpose purpose NN 43297 249 9 , , , 43297 249 10 though though IN 43297 249 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 249 12 more more RBR 43297 249 13 frequent frequent JJ 43297 249 14 use use NN 43297 249 15 is be VBZ 43297 249 16 to to TO 43297 249 17 reduce reduce VB 43297 249 18 the the DT 43297 249 19 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 249 20 in in IN 43297 249 21 drying drying NN 43297 249 22 . . . 43297 250 1 Quartz Quartz NNP 43297 250 2 and and CC 43297 250 3 other other JJ 43297 250 4 forms form NNS 43297 250 5 of of IN 43297 250 6 free free JJ 43297 250 7 silica silica NN 43297 250 8 expand expand VB 43297 250 9 on on IN 43297 250 10 heating heating NN 43297 250 11 , , , 43297 250 12 so so IN 43297 250 13 that that IN 43297 250 14 clays clay NNS 43297 250 15 containing contain VBG 43297 250 16 them -PRON- PRP 43297 250 17 in in IN 43297 250 18 large large JJ 43297 250 19 quantities quantity NNS 43297 250 20 shrink shrink VBP 43297 250 21 very very RB 43297 250 22 slightly slightly RB 43297 250 23 or or CC 43297 250 24 may may MD 43297 250 25 even even RB 43297 250 26 expand expand VB 43297 250 27 . . . 43297 251 1 As as IN 43297 251 2 clays clay NNS 43297 251 3 shrink shrink VBP 43297 251 4 equally equally RB 43297 251 5 in in IN 43297 251 6 all all DT 43297 251 7 directions direction NNS 43297 251 8 it -PRON- PRP 43297 251 9 is be VBZ 43297 251 10 usual usual JJ 43297 251 11 to to TO 43297 251 12 state state VB 43297 251 13 the the DT 43297 251 14 contraction contraction NN 43297 251 15 in in IN 43297 251 16 linear linear JJ 43297 251 17 instead instead RB 43297 251 18 of of IN 43297 251 19 volume volume NN 43297 251 20 form form NN 43297 251 21 . . . 43297 252 1 Thus thus RB 43297 252 2 instead instead RB 43297 252 3 of of IN 43297 252 4 stating state VBG 43297 252 5 that that IN 43297 252 6 a a DT 43297 252 7 certain certain JJ 43297 252 8 clay clay NN 43297 252 9 when when WRB 43297 252 10 moulded mould VBN 43297 252 11 into into IN 43297 252 12 bricks brick NNS 43297 252 13 , , , 43297 252 14 dried dry VBN 43297 252 15 and and CC 43297 252 16 burned burn VBN 43297 252 17 , , , 43297 252 18 shrinks shrink VBZ 43297 252 19 18 18 CD 43297 252 20 per per IN 43297 252 21 cent cent NN 43297 252 22 . . . 43297 253 1 by by IN 43297 253 2 volume volume NN 43297 253 3 , , , 43297 253 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 253 5 is be VBZ 43297 253 6 customary customary JJ 43297 253 7 to to TO 43297 253 8 state state VB 43297 253 9 that that IN 43297 253 10 it -PRON- PRP 43297 253 11 shrinks shrink VBZ 43297 253 12 3/4 3/4 CD 43297 253 13 in in IN 43297 253 14 . . . 43297 254 1 per per IN 43297 254 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 254 3 linear linear NNP 43297 254 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 254 5 foot foot NN 43297 254 6 . . . 43297 255 1 For for IN 43297 255 2 many many JJ 43297 255 3 purposes purpose NNS 43297 255 4 , , , 43297 255 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 255 6 is be VBZ 43297 255 7 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 255 8 to to TO 43297 255 9 regard regard VB 43297 255 10 the the DT 43297 255 11 linear linear JJ 43297 255 12 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 255 13 as as IN 43297 255 14 one one CD 43297 255 15 - - HYPH 43297 255 16 third third NN 43297 255 17 the the DT 43297 255 18 volume volume NN 43297 255 19 - - HYPH 43297 255 20 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 255 21 , , , 43297 255 22 but but CC 43297 255 23 this this DT 43297 255 24 is be VBZ 43297 255 25 not not RB 43297 255 26 strictly strictly RB 43297 255 27 accurate accurate JJ 43297 255 28 . . . 43297 256 1 The the DT 43297 256 2 _ _ NNP 43297 256 3 fusibility fusibility NN 43297 256 4 _ _ NNP 43297 256 5 of of IN 43297 256 6 clays clay NNS 43297 256 7 is be VBZ 43297 256 8 a a DT 43297 256 9 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 256 10 which which WDT 43297 256 11 has have VBZ 43297 256 12 been be VBN 43297 256 13 very very RB 43297 256 14 imperfectly imperfectly RB 43297 256 15 studied study VBN 43297 256 16 . . . 43297 257 1 Most Most JJS 43297 257 2 clayworkers clayworker NNS 43297 257 3 and and CC 43297 257 4 investigators investigator NNS 43297 257 5 employ employ VBP 43297 257 6 the the DT 43297 257 7 term term NN 43297 257 8 ' ' `` 43297 257 9 fusibility fusibility NN 43297 257 10 ' ' '' 43297 257 11 in in IN 43297 257 12 a a DT 43297 257 13 special special JJ 43297 257 14 sense sense NN 43297 257 15 which which WDT 43297 257 16 is be VBZ 43297 257 17 apt apt JJ 43297 257 18 to to TO 43297 257 19 be be VB 43297 257 20 misleading mislead VBG 43297 257 21 . . . 43297 258 1 Owing owe VBG 43297 258 2 to to IN 43297 258 3 the the DT 43297 258 4 extremely extremely RB 43297 258 5 high high JJ 43297 258 6 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 258 7 to to TO 43297 258 8 which which WDT 43297 258 9 refractory refractory JJ 43297 258 10 clays clay NNS 43297 258 11 can can MD 43297 258 12 be be VB 43297 258 13 heated heat VBN 43297 258 14 without without IN 43297 258 15 even even RB 43297 258 16 losing lose VBG 43297 258 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 258 18 shape shape NN 43297 258 19 , , , 43297 258 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 258 21 is be VBZ 43297 258 22 almost almost RB 43297 258 23 impossible impossible JJ 43297 258 24 to to TO 43297 258 25 fuse fuse VB 43297 258 26 them -PRON- PRP 43297 258 27 completely completely RB 43297 258 28 . . . 43297 259 1 In in IN 43297 259 2 addition addition NN 43297 259 3 to to IN 43297 259 4 this this DT 43297 259 5 , , , 43297 259 6 clays clay NNS 43297 259 7 are be VBP 43297 259 8 not not RB 43297 259 9 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 259 10 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 43297 259 11 materials material NNS 43297 259 12 and and CC 43297 259 13 some some DT 43297 259 14 of of IN 43297 259 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 259 16 constituents constituent NNS 43297 259 17 melt melt VBP 43297 259 18 at at IN 43297 259 19 lower low JJR 43297 259 20 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 259 21 than than IN 43297 259 22 others other NNS 43297 259 23 . . . 43297 260 1 For for IN 43297 260 2 this this DT 43297 260 3 reason reason NN 43297 260 4 a a DT 43297 260 5 clay clay NN 43297 260 6 may may MD 43297 260 7 show show VB 43297 260 8 signs sign NNS 43297 260 9 of of IN 43297 260 10 fusion fusion NN 43297 260 11 at at IN 43297 260 12 1100 1100 CD 43297 260 13 ° ° , 43297 260 14 C. C. NNP 43297 260 15 , , , 43297 260 16 but but CC 43297 260 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 260 18 may may MD 43297 260 19 be be VB 43297 260 20 heated heat VBN 43297 260 21 for for IN 43297 260 22 some some DT 43297 260 23 hours hour NNS 43297 260 24 at at IN 43297 260 25 1800 1800 CD 43297 260 26 ° ° , 43297 260 27 C. C. NNP 43297 260 28 and and CC 43297 260 29 yet yet RB 43297 260 30 not not RB 43297 260 31 be be VB 43297 260 32 completely completely RB 43297 260 33 melted melt VBN 43297 260 34 ! ! . 43297 261 1 Consequently consequently RB 43297 261 2 no no DT 43297 261 3 single single JJ 43297 261 4 ' ' '' 43297 261 5 fusing fusing NN 43297 261 6 point point NN 43297 261 7 ' ' '' 43297 261 8 can can MD 43297 261 9 be be VB 43297 261 10 stated state VBN 43297 261 11 . . . 43297 262 1 In in IN 43297 262 2 practice practice NN 43297 262 3 , , , 43297 262 4 a a DT 43297 262 5 suggestion suggestion NN 43297 262 6 made make VBD 43297 262 7 many many JJ 43297 262 8 years year NNS 43297 262 9 ago ago RB 43297 262 10 by by IN 43297 262 11 Seger Seger NNP 43297 262 12 ( ( -LRB- 43297 262 13 7 7 CD 43297 262 14 ) ) -RRB- 43297 262 15 is be VBZ 43297 262 16 used use VBN 43297 262 17 ; ; : 43297 262 18 the the DT 43297 262 19 clay clay NN 43297 262 20 to to TO 43297 262 21 be be VB 43297 262 22 tested test VBN 43297 262 23 is be VBZ 43297 262 24 made make VBN 43297 262 25 into into IN 43297 262 26 a a DT 43297 262 27 small small JJ 43297 262 28 tetrahedron tetrahedron NN 43297 262 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 262 30 fig fig NN 43297 262 31 . . . 43297 263 1 6 6 CD 43297 263 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 263 3 , , , 43297 263 4 heated heat VBN 43297 263 5 slowly slowly RB 43297 263 6 until until IN 43297 263 7 it -PRON- PRP 43297 263 8 bends bend VBZ 43297 263 9 over over RB 43297 263 10 and and CC 43297 263 11 the the DT 43297 263 12 point point NN 43297 263 13 of of IN 43297 263 14 the the DT 43297 263 15 test test NN 43297 263 16 - - HYPH 43297 263 17 piece piece NN 43297 263 18 is be VBZ 43297 263 19 almost almost RB 43297 263 20 on on IN 43297 263 21 a a DT 43297 263 22 level level NN 43297 263 23 with with IN 43297 263 24 the the DT 43297 263 25 base base NN 43297 263 26 . . . 43297 264 1 The the DT 43297 264 2 temperature temperature NN 43297 264 3 at at IN 43297 264 4 which which WDT 43297 264 5 this this DT 43297 264 6 occurs occur VBZ 43297 264 7 is be VBZ 43297 264 8 termed term VBN 43297 264 9 the the DT 43297 264 10 ' ' `` 43297 264 11 fusing fusing NN 43297 264 12 point point NN 43297 264 13 ' ' '' 43297 264 14 though though IN 43297 264 15 it -PRON- PRP 43297 264 16 really really RB 43297 264 17 only only RB 43297 264 18 indicates indicate VBZ 43297 264 19 the the DT 43297 264 20 heat heat NN 43297 264 21 - - HYPH 43297 264 22 treatment treatment NN 43297 264 23 which which WDT 43297 264 24 is be VBZ 43297 264 25 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 264 26 to to TO 43297 264 27 soften soften VB 43297 264 28 the the DT 43297 264 29 material material NN 43297 264 30 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 264 31 to to TO 43297 264 32 cause cause VB 43297 264 33 it -PRON- PRP 43297 264 34 to to TO 43297 264 35 bend bend VB 43297 264 36 in in IN 43297 264 37 the the DT 43297 264 38 manner manner NN 43297 264 39 described describe VBN 43297 264 40 . . . 43297 265 1 In in IN 43297 265 2 spite spite NN 43297 265 3 of of IN 43297 265 4 the the DT 43297 265 5 apparent apparent JJ 43297 265 6 crudeness crudeness NN 43297 265 7 of of IN 43297 265 8 the the DT 43297 265 9 test test NN 43297 265 10 this this DT 43297 265 11 ' ' `` 43297 265 12 softening softening JJ 43297 265 13 point point NN 43297 265 14 ' ' '' 43297 265 15 appears appear VBZ 43297 265 16 to to TO 43297 265 17 be be VB 43297 265 18 fairly fairly RB 43297 265 19 constant constant JJ 43297 265 20 for for IN 43297 265 21 most most JJS 43297 265 22 refractory refractory JJ 43297 265 23 clays clay NNS 43297 265 24 . . . 43297 266 1 The the DT 43297 266 2 bending bending NN 43297 266 3 of of IN 43297 266 4 a a DT 43297 266 5 test test NN 43297 266 6 - - HYPH 43297 266 7 piece piece NN 43297 266 8 in in IN 43297 266 9 this this DT 43297 266 10 manner manner NN 43297 266 11 is be VBZ 43297 266 12 the the DT 43297 266 13 result result NN 43297 266 14 of of IN 43297 266 15 the the DT 43297 266 16 action action NN 43297 266 17 of of IN 43297 266 18 all all DT 43297 266 19 fluxes[6 fluxes[6 NNPS 43297 266 20 ] ] -RRB- 43297 266 21 in in IN 43297 266 22 the the DT 43297 266 23 clay clay NN 43297 266 24 , , , 43297 266 25 and and CC 43297 266 26 as as IN 43297 266 27 this this DT 43297 266 28 depends depend VBZ 43297 266 29 on on IN 43297 266 30 the the DT 43297 266 31 size size NN 43297 266 32 of of IN 43297 266 33 grain grain NN 43297 266 34 and and CC 43297 266 35 the the DT 43297 266 36 duration duration NN 43297 266 37 of of IN 43297 266 38 the the DT 43297 266 39 heating heating NN 43297 266 40 above above IN 43297 266 41 incipient incipient JJ 43297 266 42 fusion fusion NN 43297 266 43 and and CC 43297 266 44 does do VBZ 43297 266 45 not not RB 43297 266 46 give give VB 43297 266 47 a a DT 43297 266 48 direct direct JJ 43297 266 49 measure measure NN 43297 266 50 of of IN 43297 266 51 temperature temperature NN 43297 266 52 , , , 43297 266 53 nor nor CC 43297 266 54 is be VBZ 43297 266 55 the the DT 43297 266 56 softening soften VBG 43297 266 57 effect effect NN 43297 266 58 under under IN 43297 266 59 one one CD 43297 266 60 rate rate NN 43297 266 61 of of IN 43297 266 62 rise rise NN 43297 266 63 in in IN 43297 266 64 temperature temperature NN 43297 266 65 the the DT 43297 266 66 same same JJ 43297 266 67 as as IN 43297 266 68 that that DT 43297 266 69 at at IN 43297 266 70 another another DT 43297 266 71 rate rate NN 43297 266 72 . . . 43297 267 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 43297 267 2 a a DT 43297 267 3 study study NN 43297 267 4 of of IN 43297 267 5 the the DT 43297 267 6 behaviour behaviour NN 43297 267 7 of of IN 43297 267 8 various various JJ 43297 267 9 clays clay NNS 43297 267 10 heated heat VBN 43297 267 11 simultaneously simultaneously RB 43297 267 12 is be VBZ 43297 267 13 valuable valuable JJ 43297 267 14 and and CC 43297 267 15 the the DT 43297 267 16 method method NN 43297 267 17 forms form VBZ 43297 267 18 a a DT 43297 267 19 convenient convenient JJ 43297 267 20 means mean NNS 43297 267 21 of of IN 43297 267 22 comparing compare VBG 43297 267 23 different different JJ 43297 267 24 materials material NNS 43297 267 25 . . . 43297 268 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 268 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 268 3 6 6 CD 43297 268 4 : : : 43297 268 5 For for IN 43297 268 6 fluxing flux VBG 43297 268 7 materials material NNS 43297 268 8 see see VB 43297 268 9 p. p. NN 43297 269 1 8 8 LS 43297 269 2 . . . 43297 269 3 ] ] -RRB- 43297 270 1 The the DT 43297 270 2 temperature temperature NN 43297 270 3 may may MD 43297 270 4 be be VB 43297 270 5 measured measure VBN 43297 270 6 by by IN 43297 270 7 means mean NNS 43297 270 8 of of IN 43297 270 9 a a DT 43297 270 10 pyrometer pyrometer NN 43297 270 11 , , , 43297 270 12 but but CC 43297 270 13 for for IN 43297 270 14 the the DT 43297 270 15 reason reason NN 43297 270 16 just just RB 43297 270 17 stated state VBD 43297 270 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 270 19 is be VBZ 43297 270 20 more more RBR 43297 270 21 convenient convenient JJ 43297 270 22 and and CC 43297 270 23 in in IN 43297 270 24 some some DT 43297 270 25 respects respect NNS 43297 270 26 more more RBR 43297 270 27 accurate accurate JJ 43297 270 28 to to TO 43297 270 29 use use VB 43297 270 30 standard standard JJ 43297 270 31 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 270 32 known know VBN 43297 270 33 as as IN 43297 270 34 Seger Seger NNP 43297 270 35 Cones Cones NNP 43297 270 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 270 37 fig fig NN 43297 270 38 . . . 43297 271 1 6 6 LS 43297 271 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 271 3 , , , 43297 271 4 and and CC 43297 271 5 to to TO 43297 271 6 state state VB 43297 271 7 the the DT 43297 271 8 softening softening JJ 43297 271 9 point point NN 43297 271 10 in in IN 43297 271 11 terms term NNS 43297 271 12 of of IN 43297 271 13 the the DT 43297 271 14 ' ' `` 43297 271 15 cone cone NN 43297 271 16 ' ' '' 43297 271 17 which which WDT 43297 271 18 behaves behave VBZ 43297 271 19 like like IN 43297 271 20 the the DT 43297 271 21 clay clay NN 43297 271 22 being be VBG 43297 271 23 tested test VBN 43297 271 24 . . . 43297 272 1 A a DT 43297 272 2 medium medium JJ 43297 272 3 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 272 4 will will MD 43297 272 5 not not RB 43297 272 6 soften soften VB 43297 272 7 below below IN 43297 272 8 Seger Seger NNP 43297 272 9 Cone Cone NNP 43297 272 10 26 26 CD 43297 272 11 ( ( -LRB- 43297 272 12 1650 1650 CD 43297 272 13 ° ° , 43297 272 14 C. C. NNP 43297 272 15 ) ) -RRB- 43297 272 16 and and CC 43297 272 17 a a DT 43297 272 18 really really RB 43297 272 19 good good JJ 43297 272 20 one one NN 43297 272 21 will will MD 43297 272 22 have have VB 43297 272 23 a a DT 43297 272 24 softening softening JJ 43297 272 25 point point NN 43297 272 26 of of IN 43297 272 27 cone cone NN 43297 272 28 34 34 CD 43297 272 29 or or CC 43297 272 30 35 35 CD 43297 272 31 ( ( -LRB- 43297 272 32 1750 1750 CD 43297 272 33 ° ° NNS 43297 272 34 to to IN 43297 272 35 1800 1800 CD 43297 272 36 ° ° , 43297 272 37 C. C. NNP 43297 272 38 ) ) -RRB- 43297 272 39 . . . 43297 273 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 273 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 273 3 : : : 43297 273 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 273 5 . . . 43297 274 1 6 6 CD 43297 274 2 . . . 43297 275 1 Seger Seger NNP 43297 275 2 Cones Cones NNP 43297 275 3 indicating indicate VBG 43297 275 4 a a DT 43297 275 5 temperature temperature NN 43297 275 6 of of IN 43297 275 7 1250 1250 CD 43297 275 8 ° ° , 43297 275 9 C. C. NNP 43297 275 10 ] ] -RRB- 43297 275 11 The the DT 43297 275 12 _ _ NNP 43297 275 13 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 275 14 _ _ NNP 43297 275 15 of of IN 43297 275 16 a a DT 43297 275 17 clay clay NN 43297 275 18 , , , 43297 275 19 or or CC 43297 275 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 275 21 resistance resistance NN 43297 275 22 to to IN 43297 275 23 high high JJ 43297 275 24 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 275 25 , , , 43297 275 26 is be VBZ 43297 275 27 an an DT 43297 275 28 important important JJ 43297 275 29 requirement requirement NN 43297 275 30 in in IN 43297 275 31 bricks brick NNS 43297 275 32 required require VBN 43297 275 33 for for IN 43297 275 34 furnace furnace JJ 43297 275 35 linings lining NNS 43297 275 36 , , , 43297 275 37 in in IN 43297 275 38 crucibles crucible NNS 43297 275 39 , , , 43297 275 40 gas gas NN 43297 275 41 retorts retort NNS 43297 275 42 and and CC 43297 275 43 other other JJ 43297 275 44 articles article NNS 43297 275 45 used use VBN 43297 275 46 in in IN 43297 275 47 the the DT 43297 275 48 metallurgical metallurgical JJ 43297 275 49 and and CC 43297 275 50 other other JJ 43297 275 51 industries industry NNS 43297 275 52 . . . 43297 276 1 The the DT 43297 276 2 term term NN 43297 276 3 is be VBZ 43297 276 4 much much RB 43297 276 5 abused abused JJ 43297 276 6 and and CC 43297 276 7 is be VBZ 43297 276 8 frequently frequently RB 43297 276 9 understood understand VBN 43297 276 10 to to TO 43297 276 11 mean mean VB 43297 276 12 resistance resistance NN 43297 276 13 to to IN 43297 276 14 the the DT 43297 276 15 cutting cut VBG 43297 276 16 action action NN 43297 276 17 of of IN 43297 276 18 flue flue JJ 43297 276 19 gases gas NNS 43297 276 20 and and CC 43297 276 21 flame flame NN 43297 276 22 , , , 43297 276 23 the the DT 43297 276 24 corrosive corrosive JJ 43297 276 25 action action NN 43297 276 26 of of IN 43297 276 27 slags slag NNS 43297 276 28 , , , 43297 276 29 and and CC 43297 276 30 the the DT 43297 276 31 strains strain NNS 43297 276 32 set set VBN 43297 276 33 up up RP 43297 276 34 by by IN 43297 276 35 the the DT 43297 276 36 repeated repeat VBN 43297 276 37 changes change NNS 43297 276 38 in in IN 43297 276 39 temperature temperature NN 43297 276 40 . . . 43297 277 1 This this DT 43297 277 2 is be VBZ 43297 277 3 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 43297 277 4 , , , 43297 277 5 for for IN 43297 277 6 the the DT 43297 277 7 term term NN 43297 277 8 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 277 9 has have VBZ 43297 277 10 a a DT 43297 277 11 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 277 12 definite definite JJ 43297 277 13 meaning meaning NN 43297 277 14 and and CC 43297 277 15 should should MD 43297 277 16 be be VB 43297 277 17 employed employ VBN 43297 277 18 exclusively exclusively RB 43297 277 19 to to TO 43297 277 20 denote denote VB 43297 277 21 that that IN 43297 277 22 a a DT 43297 277 23 given give VBN 43297 277 24 clay clay NN 43297 277 25 is be VBZ 43297 277 26 capable capable JJ 43297 277 27 of of IN 43297 277 28 retaining retain VBG 43297 277 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 277 30 shape shape NN 43297 277 31 at at IN 43297 277 32 a a DT 43297 277 33 given give VBN 43297 277 34 temperature temperature NN 43297 277 35 or or CC 43297 277 36 under under IN 43297 277 37 given give VBN 43297 277 38 conditions condition NNS 43297 277 39 when when WRB 43297 277 40 heated heat VBN 43297 277 41 alone alone RB 43297 277 42 and and CC 43297 277 43 without without IN 43297 277 44 being be VBG 43297 277 45 subjected subject VBN 43297 277 46 to to IN 43297 277 47 any any DT 43297 277 48 pressure pressure NN 43297 277 49 . . . 43297 278 1 In in IN 43297 278 2 Great Great NNP 43297 278 3 Britain Britain NNP 43297 278 4 there there EX 43297 278 5 is be VBZ 43297 278 6 no no DT 43297 278 7 officially officially RB 43297 278 8 recognized recognize VBN 43297 278 9 standard standard NN 43297 278 10 of of IN 43297 278 11 minimum minimum JJ 43297 278 12 refractoriness[7 refractoriness[7 NNP 43297 278 13 ] ] -RRB- 43297 278 14 , , , 43297 278 15 but but CC 43297 278 16 where where WRB 43297 278 17 one one PRP 43297 278 18 is be VBZ 43297 278 19 required require VBN 43297 278 20 the the DT 43297 278 21 suggested suggest VBN 43297 278 22 minimum minimum NN 43297 278 23 of of IN 43297 278 24 Seger Seger NNP 43297 278 25 Cone Cone NNP 43297 278 26 26 26 CD 43297 278 27 ( ( -LRB- 43297 278 28 1650 1650 CD 43297 278 29 ° ° , 43297 278 30 C. C. NNP 43297 278 31 ) ) -RRB- 43297 278 32 made make VBN 43297 278 33 by by IN 43297 278 34 E. E. NNP 43297 278 35 Cramer Cramer NNP 43297 278 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 278 37 8) 8) CD 43297 278 38 is be VBZ 43297 278 39 usually usually RB 43297 278 40 employed employ VBN 43297 278 41 . . . 43297 279 1 This this DT 43297 279 2 is be VBZ 43297 279 3 the the DT 43297 279 4 recognized recognize VBN 43297 279 5 minimum minimum NN 43297 279 6 in in IN 43297 279 7 Germany Germany NNP 43297 279 8 for for IN 43297 279 9 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 279 10 , , , 43297 279 11 and and CC 43297 279 12 though though IN 43297 279 13 objections objection NNS 43297 279 14 may may MD 43297 279 15 be be VB 43297 279 16 urged urge VBN 43297 279 17 against against IN 43297 279 18 the the DT 43297 279 19 use use NN 43297 279 20 of of IN 43297 279 21 Seger Seger NNP 43297 279 22 Cones Cones NNP 43297 279 23 as as IN 43297 279 24 a a DT 43297 279 25 standard standard NN 43297 279 26 , , , 43297 279 27 equally equally RB 43297 279 28 forcible forcible JJ 43297 279 29 ones one NNS 43297 279 30 may may MD 43297 279 31 be be VB 43297 279 32 brought bring VBN 43297 279 33 against against IN 43297 279 34 making make VBG 43297 279 35 a a DT 43297 279 36 temperature temperature NN 43297 279 37 - - HYPH 43297 279 38 scale scale VB 43297 279 39 the the DT 43297 279 40 basis basis NN 43297 279 41 of of IN 43297 279 42 measurement measurement NN 43297 279 43 . . . 43297 280 1 Under under IN 43297 280 2 present present JJ 43297 280 3 circumstances circumstance NNS 43297 280 4 , , , 43297 280 5 however however RB 43297 280 6 , , , 43297 280 7 it -PRON- PRP 43297 280 8 is be VBZ 43297 280 9 necessary necessary JJ 43297 280 10 to to TO 43297 280 11 adopt adopt VB 43297 280 12 one one CD 43297 280 13 or or CC 43297 280 14 other other JJ 43297 280 15 of of IN 43297 280 16 these these DT 43297 280 17 . . . 43297 281 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 281 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 43297 281 3 7 7 CD 43297 281 4 : : : 43297 281 5 See see VB 43297 281 6 _ _ NNP 43297 281 7 Refractory Refractory NNP 43297 281 8 Clays Clays NNPS 43297 281 9 _ _ NNP 43297 281 10 , , , 43297 281 11 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 281 12 V. V. NNP 43297 281 13 ] ] -RRB- 43297 281 14 Various various JJ 43297 281 15 attempts attempt NNS 43297 281 16 have have VBP 43297 281 17 been be VBN 43297 281 18 made make VBN 43297 281 19 to to TO 43297 281 20 ascertain ascertain VB 43297 281 21 the the DT 43297 281 22 relationship relationship NN 43297 281 23 ( ( -LRB- 43297 281 24 if if IN 43297 281 25 any any DT 43297 281 26 ) ) -RRB- 43297 281 27 between between IN 43297 281 28 the the DT 43297 281 29 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 281 30 of of IN 43297 281 31 clays clay NNS 43297 281 32 and and CC 43297 281 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 281 34 chemical chemical JJ 43297 281 35 composition composition NN 43297 281 36 . . . 43297 282 1 If if IN 43297 282 2 attention attention NN 43297 282 3 is be VBZ 43297 282 4 confined confine VBN 43297 282 5 strictly strictly RB 43297 282 6 to to IN 43297 282 7 the the DT 43297 282 8 more more RBR 43297 282 9 refractory refractory JJ 43297 282 10 clays clay NNS 43297 282 11 , , , 43297 282 12 some some DT 43297 282 13 kind kind NN 43297 282 14 of of IN 43297 282 15 relationship relationship NN 43297 282 16 does do VBZ 43297 282 17 appear appear VB 43297 282 18 to to TO 43297 282 19 exist exist VB 43297 282 20 . . . 43297 283 1 Thus thus RB 43297 283 2 Richter Richter NNP 43297 283 3 found find VBD 43297 283 4 that that IN 43297 283 5 the the DT 43297 283 6 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 283 7 of of IN 43297 283 8 clay clay NN 43297 283 9 is be VBZ 43297 283 10 influenced influence VBN 43297 283 11 by by IN 43297 283 12 certain certain JJ 43297 283 13 oxides oxide NNS 43297 283 14 in in IN 43297 283 15 the the DT 43297 283 16 following follow VBG 43297 283 17 order order NN 43297 283 18 : : : 43297 283 19 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 283 20 , , , 43297 283 21 lime lime NN 43297 283 22 , , , 43297 283 23 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 283 24 oxide oxide NN 43297 283 25 , , , 43297 283 26 soda soda NN 43297 283 27 and and CC 43297 283 28 potash potash NN 43297 283 29 , , , 43297 283 30 but but CC 43297 283 31 this this DT 43297 283 32 only only RB 43297 283 33 applies apply VBZ 43297 283 34 to to IN 43297 283 35 clays clay NNS 43297 283 36 containing contain VBG 43297 283 37 less less JJR 43297 283 38 than than IN 43297 283 39 3 3 CD 43297 283 40 per per NN 43297 283 41 cent cent NN 43297 283 42 . . . 43297 284 1 of of IN 43297 284 2 all all PDT 43297 284 3 these these DT 43297 284 4 oxides oxide NNS 43297 284 5 . . . 43297 285 1 Cramer cramer NN 43297 285 2 , , , 43297 285 3 in in IN 43297 285 4 1895 1895 CD 43297 285 5 , , , 43297 285 6 found find VBD 43297 285 7 that that IN 43297 285 8 free free JJ 43297 285 9 silica silica NN 43297 285 10 also also RB 43297 285 11 interfered interfere VBD 43297 285 12 with with IN 43297 285 13 the the DT 43297 285 14 action action NN 43297 285 15 of of IN 43297 285 16 these these DT 43297 285 17 oxides oxide NNS 43297 285 18 and and CC 43297 285 19 more more RBR 43297 285 20 recently recently RB 43297 285 21 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 43297 285 22 ( ( -LRB- 43297 285 23 9 9 CD 43297 285 24 ) ) -RRB- 43297 285 25 has have VBZ 43297 285 26 devised devise VBN 43297 285 27 a a DT 43297 285 28 chart chart NN 43297 285 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 285 30 fig fig NN 43297 285 31 . . . 43297 286 1 7 7 LS 43297 286 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 286 3 , , , 43297 286 4 on on IN 43297 286 5 the the DT 43297 286 6 upright upright JJ 43297 286 7 sides side NNS 43297 286 8 of of IN 43297 286 9 which which WDT 43297 286 10 are be VBP 43297 286 11 plotted plot VBN 43297 286 12 the the DT 43297 286 13 equivalents equivalent NNS 43297 286 14 of of IN 43297 286 15 the the DT 43297 286 16 lime lime NN 43297 286 17 , , , 43297 286 18 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 286 19 and and CC 43297 286 20 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 286 21 , , , 43297 286 22 whilst whilst IN 43297 286 23 the the DT 43297 286 24 silica silica NN 43297 286 25 equivalents equivalent NNS 43297 286 26 are be VBP 43297 286 27 plotted plot VBN 43297 286 28 on on IN 43297 286 29 the the DT 43297 286 30 horizontal horizontal JJ 43297 286 31 base base NN 43297 286 32 . . . 43297 287 1 In in IN 43297 287 2 each each DT 43297 287 3 case case NN 43297 287 4 the the DT 43297 287 5 ' ' `` 43297 287 6 molecular molecular JJ 43297 287 7 formula formula NN 43297 287 8 ' ' '' 43297 287 9 of of IN 43297 287 10 the the DT 43297 287 11 clay clay NN 43297 287 12 is be VBZ 43297 287 13 calculated calculate VBN 43297 287 14 from from IN 43297 287 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 287 16 percentage percentage NN 43297 287 17 composition composition NN 43297 287 18 , , , 43297 287 19 and and CC 43297 287 20 this this DT 43297 287 21 ' ' `` 43297 287 22 formula formula NN 43297 287 23 ' ' '' 43297 287 24 is be VBZ 43297 287 25 reduced reduce VBN 43297 287 26 so so IN 43297 287 27 as as IN 43297 287 28 to to TO 43297 287 29 have have VB 43297 287 30 one one CD 43297 287 31 ' ' `` 43297 287 32 molecule molecule NN 43297 287 33 ' ' '' 43297 287 34 of of IN 43297 287 35 alumina alumina NNP 43297 287 36 , , , 43297 287 37 thereby thereby RB 43297 287 38 fixing fix VBG 43297 287 39 the the DT 43297 287 40 alumina alumina NNP 43297 287 41 as as IN 43297 287 42 a a DT 43297 287 43 constant constant JJ 43297 287 44 and and CC 43297 287 45 reducing reduce VBG 43297 287 46 the the DT 43297 287 47 number number NN 43297 287 48 of of IN 43297 287 49 variables variable NNS 43297 287 50 to to IN 43297 287 51 two two CD 43297 287 52 -- -- : 43297 287 53 the the DT 43297 287 54 metallic metallic JJ 43297 287 55 oxides oxide NNS 43297 287 56 and and CC 43297 287 57 the the DT 43297 287 58 silica silica NN 43297 287 59 . . . 43297 288 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 43297 288 2 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 43297 288 3 's 's POS 43297 288 4 chart chart NN 43297 288 5 is be VBZ 43297 288 6 only only RB 43297 288 7 applicable applicable JJ 43297 288 8 to to IN 43297 288 9 the the DT 43297 288 10 more more RBR 43297 288 11 refractory refractory JJ 43297 288 12 clays clay NNS 43297 288 13 and and CC 43297 288 14 can can MD 43297 288 15 not not RB 43297 288 16 be be VB 43297 288 17 relied rely VBN 43297 288 18 upon upon IN 43297 288 19 even even RB 43297 288 20 for for IN 43297 288 21 these these DT 43297 288 22 , , , 43297 288 23 though though IN 43297 288 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 288 25 is be VBZ 43297 288 26 extremely extremely RB 43297 288 27 useful useful JJ 43297 288 28 for for IN 43297 288 29 comparing compare VBG 43297 288 30 clays clay NNS 43297 288 31 from from IN 43297 288 32 identical identical JJ 43297 288 33 or or CC 43297 288 34 similar similar JJ 43297 288 35 geological geological JJ 43297 288 36 formations formation NNS 43297 288 37 . . . 43297 289 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 289 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 289 3 : : : 43297 289 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 289 5 . . . 43297 290 1 7 7 LS 43297 290 2 . . . 43297 291 1 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 43297 291 2 's 's POS 43297 291 3 Chart Chart NNP 43297 291 4 . . . 43297 291 5 ] ] -RRB- 43297 292 1 Attempts attempt NNS 43297 292 2 to to TO 43297 292 3 express express VB 43297 292 4 the the DT 43297 292 5 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 292 6 of of IN 43297 292 7 clays clay NNS 43297 292 8 by by IN 43297 292 9 means mean NNS 43297 292 10 of of IN 43297 292 11 formulae formulae NNP 43297 292 12 proving prove VBG 43297 292 13 abortive abortive NN 43297 292 14 , , , 43297 292 15 there there EX 43297 292 16 only only RB 43297 292 17 remains remain VBZ 43297 292 18 the the DT 43297 292 19 direct direct JJ 43297 292 20 test test NN 43297 292 21 of of IN 43297 292 22 heating heat VBG 43297 292 23 a a DT 43297 292 24 clay clay NN 43297 292 25 under under IN 43297 292 26 definite definite JJ 43297 292 27 conditions condition NNS 43297 292 28 in in IN 43297 292 29 the the DT 43297 292 30 manner manner NN 43297 292 31 previously previously RB 43297 292 32 described describe VBN 43297 292 33 . . . 43297 293 1 _ _ NNP 43297 293 2 Vitrification Vitrification NNP 43297 293 3 _ _ NNP 43297 293 4 is be VBZ 43297 293 5 closely closely RB 43297 293 6 connected connect VBN 43297 293 7 with with IN 43297 293 8 the the DT 43297 293 9 fusibility fusibility NN 43297 293 10 and and CC 43297 293 11 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 293 12 of of IN 43297 293 13 clays clay NNS 43297 293 14 , , , 43297 293 15 and and CC 43297 293 16 , , , 43297 293 17 as as IN 43297 293 18 a a DT 43297 293 19 term term NN 43297 293 20 , , , 43297 293 21 indicates indicate VBZ 43297 293 22 the the DT 43297 293 23 amount amount NN 43297 293 24 of of IN 43297 293 25 fusion fusion NN 43297 293 26 which which WDT 43297 293 27 has have VBZ 43297 293 28 occurred occur VBN 43297 293 29 under under IN 43297 293 30 certain certain JJ 43297 293 31 conditions condition NNS 43297 293 32 of of IN 43297 293 33 heating heating NN 43297 293 34 . . . 43297 294 1 As as IN 43297 294 2 already already RB 43297 294 3 mentioned mention VBN 43297 294 4 , , , 43297 294 5 all all DT 43297 294 6 clays clay NNS 43297 294 7 , , , 43297 294 8 on on IN 43297 294 9 being be VBG 43297 294 10 subjected subject VBN 43297 294 11 to to IN 43297 294 12 a a DT 43297 294 13 high high JJ 43297 294 14 temperature temperature NN 43297 294 15 , , , 43297 294 16 undergo undergo VBP 43297 294 17 partial partial JJ 43297 294 18 fusion fusion NN 43297 294 19 , , , 43297 294 20 the the DT 43297 294 21 more more RBR 43297 294 22 powerful powerful JJ 43297 294 23 bases basis NNS 43297 294 24 attacking attack VBG 43297 294 25 the the DT 43297 294 26 finest fine JJS 43297 294 27 particles particle NNS 43297 294 28 of of IN 43297 294 29 clay clay NN 43297 294 30 and and CC 43297 294 31 silica silica NN 43297 294 32 , , , 43297 294 33 forming form VBG 43297 294 34 molten molten JJ 43297 294 35 silicates silicate NNS 43297 294 36 , , , 43297 294 37 and and CC 43297 294 38 then then RB 43297 294 39 slowly slowly RB 43297 294 40 attacking attack VBG 43297 294 41 the the DT 43297 294 42 more more RBR 43297 294 43 refractory refractory JJ 43297 294 44 portion portion NN 43297 294 45 ; ; : 43297 294 46 this this DT 43297 294 47 slow slow JJ 43297 294 48 fusion fusion NN 43297 294 49 and and CC 43297 294 50 solution solution NN 43297 294 51 continues continue VBZ 43297 294 52 until until IN 43297 294 53 the the DT 43297 294 54 whole whole NN 43297 294 55 of of IN 43297 294 56 the the DT 43297 294 57 material material NN 43297 294 58 is be VBZ 43297 294 59 melted melt VBN 43297 294 60 . . . 43297 295 1 If if IN 43297 295 2 the the DT 43297 295 3 heating heating NN 43297 295 4 is be VBZ 43297 295 5 stopped stop VBN 43297 295 6 before before IN 43297 295 7 the the DT 43297 295 8 fusion fusion NN 43297 295 9 has have VBZ 43297 295 10 begun begin VBN 43297 295 11 , , , 43297 295 12 the the DT 43297 295 13 clay clay NN 43297 295 14 will will MD 43297 295 15 be be VB 43297 295 16 porous porous JJ 43297 295 17 and and CC 43297 295 18 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 295 19 soft soft JJ 43297 295 20 , , , 43297 295 21 but but CC 43297 295 22 as as IN 43297 295 23 more more JJR 43297 295 24 and and CC 43297 295 25 more more JJR 43297 295 26 material material JJ 43297 295 27 fuses fuse NNS 43297 295 28 , , , 43297 295 29 the the DT 43297 295 30 mass mass NN 43297 295 31 ( ( -LRB- 43297 295 32 on on IN 43297 295 33 cooling cooling NN 43297 295 34 ) ) -RRB- 43297 295 35 becomes become VBZ 43297 295 36 harder hard JJR 43297 295 37 and and CC 43297 295 38 less less RBR 43297 295 39 porous porous JJ 43297 295 40 , , , 43297 295 41 as as IN 43297 295 42 the the DT 43297 295 43 fused fuse VBN 43297 295 44 material material NN 43297 295 45 occupies occupy VBZ 43297 295 46 the the DT 43297 295 47 pores pore NNS 43297 295 48 and and CC 43297 295 49 sets set NNS 43297 295 50 to to IN 43297 295 51 a a DT 43297 295 52 dense dense JJ 43297 295 53 , , , 43297 295 54 firm firm JJ 43297 295 55 glassy glassy NNP 43297 295 56 mass mass NNP 43297 295 57 . . . 43297 296 1 The the DT 43297 296 2 amount amount NN 43297 296 3 of of IN 43297 296 4 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 296 5 , , , 43297 296 6 or or CC 43297 296 7 partial partial JJ 43297 296 8 fusion fusion NN 43297 296 9 , , , 43297 296 10 which which WDT 43297 296 11 occurs occur VBZ 43297 296 12 is be VBZ 43297 296 13 , , , 43297 296 14 therefore therefore RB 43297 296 15 , , , 43297 296 16 of of IN 43297 296 17 great great JJ 43297 296 18 importance importance NN 43297 296 19 in in IN 43297 296 20 some some DT 43297 296 21 industries industry NNS 43297 296 22 , , , 43297 296 23 as as IN 43297 296 24 by by IN 43297 296 25 stopping stop VBG 43297 296 26 it -PRON- PRP 43297 296 27 at at IN 43297 296 28 an an DT 43297 296 29 appropriate appropriate JJ 43297 296 30 stage stage NN 43297 296 31 articles article NNS 43297 296 32 of of IN 43297 296 33 any any DT 43297 296 34 desired desire VBN 43297 296 35 degree degree NN 43297 296 36 of of IN 43297 296 37 porosity porosity NN 43297 296 38 , , , 43297 296 39 translucency translucency NN 43297 296 40 or or CC 43297 296 41 strength strength NN 43297 296 42 may may MD 43297 296 43 be be VB 43297 296 44 obtained obtain VBN 43297 296 45 . . . 43297 297 1 Thus thus RB 43297 297 2 for for IN 43297 297 3 common common JJ 43297 297 4 bricks brick NNS 43297 297 5 , , , 43297 297 6 only only RB 43297 297 7 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 297 8 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 297 9 is be VBZ 43297 297 10 permitted permit VBN 43297 297 11 to to TO 43297 297 12 bind bind VB 43297 297 13 the the DT 43297 297 14 particles particle NNS 43297 297 15 firmly firmly RB 43297 297 16 together together RB 43297 297 17 , , , 43297 297 18 but but CC 43297 297 19 in in IN 43297 297 20 engineering engineering NN 43297 297 21 bricks brick NNS 43297 297 22 -- -- : 43297 297 23 where where WRB 43297 297 24 much much RB 43297 297 25 greater great JJR 43297 297 26 strength strength NN 43297 297 27 is be VBZ 43297 297 28 required require VBN 43297 297 29 -- -- : 43297 297 30 the the DT 43297 297 31 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 297 32 is be VBZ 43297 297 33 more more RBR 43297 297 34 complete complete JJ 43297 297 35 . . . 43297 298 1 Porcelain porcelain NN 43297 298 2 and and CC 43297 298 3 earthenware earthenware NN 43297 298 4 may may MD 43297 298 5 be be VB 43297 298 6 similarly similarly RB 43297 298 7 distinguished distinguish VBN 43297 298 8 . . . 43297 299 1 The the DT 43297 299 2 extent extent NN 43297 299 3 to to TO 43297 299 4 which which WDT 43297 299 5 a a DT 43297 299 6 given give VBN 43297 299 7 clay clay NN 43297 299 8 will will MD 43297 299 9 vitrify vitrify VB 43297 299 10 depends depend VBZ 43297 299 11 on on IN 43297 299 12 the the DT 43297 299 13 amount amount NN 43297 299 14 of of IN 43297 299 15 fluxing flux VBG 43297 299 16 material material NN 43297 299 17 ( ( -LRB- 43297 299 18 metallic metallic JJ 43297 299 19 compounds compound NNS 43297 299 20 , , , 43297 299 21 and and CC 43297 299 22 oxides oxide NNS 43297 299 23 other other JJ 43297 299 24 than than IN 43297 299 25 ferric ferric JJ 43297 299 26 oxide oxide NN 43297 299 27 and and CC 43297 299 28 alumina alumina NNP 43297 299 29 ) ) -RRB- 43297 299 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 299 31 contains contain VBZ 43297 299 32 , , , 43297 299 33 on on IN 43297 299 34 the the DT 43297 299 35 smallness smallness NN 43297 299 36 of of IN 43297 299 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 299 38 particles particle NNS 43297 299 39 and and CC 43297 299 40 on on IN 43297 299 41 the the DT 43297 299 42 duration duration NN 43297 299 43 and and CC 43297 299 44 intensity intensity NN 43297 299 45 of of IN 43297 299 46 the the DT 43297 299 47 heating heating NN 43297 299 48 . . . 43297 300 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 300 2 containing contain VBG 43297 300 3 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 300 4 and and CC 43297 300 5 lime lime NN 43297 300 6 compounds compound NNS 43297 300 7 vitrify vitrify VB 43297 300 8 with with IN 43297 300 9 great great JJ 43297 300 10 rapidity rapidity NN 43297 300 11 when when WRB 43297 300 12 once once IN 43297 300 13 the the DT 43297 300 14 necessary necessary JJ 43297 300 15 temperature temperature NN 43297 300 16 has have VBZ 43297 300 17 been be VBN 43297 300 18 reached reach VBN 43297 300 19 , , , 43297 300 20 so so IN 43297 300 21 that that IN 43297 300 22 unless unless IN 43297 300 23 great great JJ 43297 300 24 care care NN 43297 300 25 is be VBZ 43297 300 26 exercised exercise VBN 43297 300 27 the the DT 43297 300 28 action action NN 43297 300 29 will will MD 43297 300 30 proceed proceed VB 43297 300 31 too too RB 43297 300 32 far far RB 43297 300 33 and and CC 43297 300 34 the the DT 43297 300 35 goods good NNS 43297 300 36 will will MD 43297 300 37 be be VB 43297 300 38 warped warped JJ 43297 300 39 and and CC 43297 300 40 twisted twist VBN 43297 300 41 or or CC 43297 300 42 may may MD 43297 300 43 even even RB 43297 300 44 form form VB 43297 300 45 a a DT 43297 300 46 rough rough JJ 43297 300 47 slag slag NN 43297 300 48 . . . 43297 301 1 Refractory refractory JJ 43297 301 2 clays clay NNS 43297 301 3 , , , 43297 301 4 on on IN 43297 301 5 the the DT 43297 301 6 contrary contrary NN 43297 301 7 , , , 43297 301 8 vitrify vitrify VB 43297 301 9 more more RBR 43297 301 10 slowly slowly RB 43297 301 11 and and CC 43297 301 12 at at IN 43297 301 13 much much RB 43297 301 14 higher high JJR 43297 301 15 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 301 16 so so IN 43297 301 17 that that IN 43297 301 18 accidental accidental JJ 43297 301 19 overheatings overheating NNS 43297 301 20 of of IN 43297 301 21 them -PRON- PRP 43297 301 22 are be VBP 43297 301 23 far far RB 43297 301 24 less less RBR 43297 301 25 common common JJ 43297 301 26 . . . 43297 302 1 The the DT 43297 302 2 difference difference NN 43297 302 3 between between IN 43297 302 4 the the DT 43297 302 5 temperature temperature NN 43297 302 6 at at IN 43297 302 7 which which WDT 43297 302 8 sintering sintering NN 43297 302 9 or or CC 43297 302 10 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 302 11 occurs occur VBZ 43297 302 12 and and CC 43297 302 13 that that IN 43297 302 14 at at IN 43297 302 15 which which WDT 43297 302 16 the the DT 43297 302 17 clay clay NN 43297 302 18 melts melt NNS 43297 302 19 completely completely RB 43297 302 20 -- -- : 43297 302 21 usually usually RB 43297 302 22 termed term VBN 43297 302 23 the the DT 43297 302 24 ' ' `` 43297 302 25 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 302 26 range'--varies range'--varie NNS 43297 302 27 with with IN 43297 302 28 the the DT 43297 302 29 nature nature NN 43297 302 30 of of IN 43297 302 31 the the DT 43297 302 32 clay clay NN 43297 302 33 . . . 43297 303 1 In in IN 43297 303 2 some some DT 43297 303 3 cases case NNS 43297 303 4 the the DT 43297 303 5 clay clay NN 43297 303 6 melts melt NNS 43297 303 7 as as RB 43297 303 8 soon soon RB 43297 303 9 as as IN 43297 303 10 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 303 11 becomes become VBZ 43297 303 12 noticeable noticeable JJ 43297 303 13 , , , 43297 303 14 in in IN 43297 303 15 others other NNS 43297 303 16 the the DT 43297 303 17 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 303 18 occurs occur VBZ 43297 303 19 at at IN 43297 303 20 a a DT 43297 303 21 dull dull JJ 43297 303 22 red red JJ 43297 303 23 heat heat NN 43297 303 24 , , , 43297 303 25 but but CC 43297 303 26 the the DT 43297 303 27 material material NN 43297 303 28 does do VBZ 43297 303 29 not not RB 43297 303 30 lose lose VB 43297 303 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 303 32 shape shape NN 43297 303 33 until until IN 43297 303 34 after after IN 43297 303 35 a a DT 43297 303 36 prolonged prolonged JJ 43297 303 37 heating heating NN 43297 303 38 at at IN 43297 303 39 the the DT 43297 303 40 highest high JJS 43297 303 41 temperature temperature NN 43297 303 42 of of IN 43297 303 43 a a DT 43297 303 44 firebrick firebrick JJ 43297 303 45 kiln kiln NN 43297 303 46 or or CC 43297 303 47 testing testing NN 43297 303 48 furnace furnace NN 43297 303 49 . . . 43297 304 1 Calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 304 2 clays clay NNS 43297 304 3 have have VBP 43297 304 4 the the DT 43297 304 5 melting melt VBG 43297 304 6 and and CC 43297 304 7 sintering sinter VBG 43297 304 8 points point NNS 43297 304 9 close close RB 43297 304 10 together together RB 43297 304 11 , , , 43297 304 12 so so IN 43297 304 13 that that IN 43297 304 14 it -PRON- PRP 43297 304 15 is be VBZ 43297 304 16 almost almost RB 43297 304 17 impossible impossible JJ 43297 304 18 to to TO 43297 304 19 produce produce VB 43297 304 20 vitrified vitrified JJ 43297 304 21 and and CC 43297 304 22 impervious impervious JJ 43297 304 23 ware ware NN 43297 304 24 from from IN 43297 304 25 them -PRON- PRP 43297 304 26 , , , 43297 304 27 as as IN 43297 304 28 they -PRON- PRP 43297 304 29 lose lose VBP 43297 304 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 304 31 shape shape NN 43297 304 32 too too RB 43297 304 33 readily readily RB 43297 304 34 . . . 43297 305 1 If if IN 43297 305 2 , , , 43297 305 3 however however RB 43297 305 4 , , , 43297 305 5 the the DT 43297 305 6 difference difference NN 43297 305 7 between between IN 43297 305 8 the the DT 43297 305 9 sintering sinter VBG 43297 305 10 and and CC 43297 305 11 fusing fuse VBG 43297 305 12 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 305 13 can can MD 43297 305 14 be be VB 43297 305 15 enlarged enlarge VBN 43297 305 16 -- -- : 43297 305 17 that that RB 43297 305 18 is is RB 43297 305 19 , , , 43297 305 20 if if IN 43297 305 21 the the DT 43297 305 22 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 305 23 range range NN 43297 305 24 can can MD 43297 305 25 be be VB 43297 305 26 extended extend VBN 43297 305 27 -- -- : 43297 305 28 more more RBR 43297 305 29 impervious impervious JJ 43297 305 30 ware ware NN 43297 305 31 can can MD 43297 305 32 be be VB 43297 305 33 made make VBN 43297 305 34 . . . 43297 306 1 The the DT 43297 306 2 easiest easy JJS 43297 306 3 means mean NNS 43297 306 4 of of IN 43297 306 5 extending extend VBG 43297 306 6 the the DT 43297 306 7 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 306 8 range range NN 43297 306 9 consists consist VBZ 43297 306 10 in in IN 43297 306 11 regulating regulate VBG 43297 306 12 the the DT 43297 306 13 proportion proportion NN 43297 306 14 of of IN 43297 306 15 large large JJ 43297 306 16 and and CC 43297 306 17 small small JJ 43297 306 18 particles particle NNS 43297 306 19 . . . 43297 307 1 The the DT 43297 307 2 former former JJ 43297 307 3 increase increase NN 43297 307 4 and and CC 43297 307 5 the the DT 43297 307 6 latter latter JJ 43297 307 7 diminish diminish NN 43297 307 8 the the DT 43297 307 9 range range NN 43297 307 10 . . . 43297 308 1 Basic basic JJ 43297 308 2 compounds compound NNS 43297 308 3 and and CC 43297 308 4 fluxes flux NNS 43297 308 5 cause cause VBP 43297 308 6 a a DT 43297 308 7 lowering lowering NN 43297 308 8 of of IN 43297 308 9 the the DT 43297 308 10 melting melting NN 43297 308 11 - - HYPH 43297 308 12 point point NN 43297 308 13 and and CC 43297 308 14 a a DT 43297 308 15 shortening shortening NN 43297 308 16 of of IN 43297 308 17 the the DT 43297 308 18 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 308 19 range range NN 43297 308 20 . . . 43297 309 1 The the DT 43297 309 2 _ _ NNP 43297 309 3 porosity porosity NN 43297 309 4 _ _ NNP 43297 309 5 of of IN 43297 309 6 raw raw JJ 43297 309 7 clay clay NN 43297 309 8 is be VBZ 43297 309 9 usually usually RB 43297 309 10 of of IN 43297 309 11 small small JJ 43297 309 12 importance importance NN 43297 309 13 , , , 43297 309 14 but but CC 43297 309 15 the the DT 43297 309 16 porosity porosity NN 43297 309 17 of of IN 43297 309 18 fired fire VBN 43297 309 19 clay clay NN 43297 309 20 or or CC 43297 309 21 ware ware NN 43297 309 22 is be VBZ 43297 309 23 often often RB 43297 309 24 a a DT 43297 309 25 serious serious JJ 43297 309 26 factor factor NN 43297 309 27 in in IN 43297 309 28 determining determine VBG 43297 309 29 the the DT 43297 309 30 suitability suitability NN 43297 309 31 of of IN 43297 309 32 certain certain JJ 43297 309 33 articles article NNS 43297 309 34 for for IN 43297 309 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 309 36 intended intend VBN 43297 309 37 purposes purpose NNS 43297 309 38 . . . 43297 310 1 In in IN 43297 310 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 310 3 natural natural JJ 43297 310 4 state state NN 43297 310 5 , , , 43297 310 6 clay clay NN 43297 310 7 does do VBZ 43297 310 8 not not RB 43297 310 9 readily readily RB 43297 310 10 absorb absorb VB 43297 310 11 much much JJ 43297 310 12 water water NN 43297 310 13 ; ; : 43297 310 14 on on IN 43297 310 15 the the DT 43297 310 16 contrary contrary NN 43297 310 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 310 18 becomes become VBZ 43297 310 19 pasty pasty JJ 43297 310 20 and and CC 43297 310 21 impervious impervious JJ 43297 310 22 unless unless IN 43297 310 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 310 24 is be VBZ 43297 310 25 disturbed disturb VBN 43297 310 26 and and CC 43297 310 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 310 28 texture texture NN 43297 310 29 destroyed destroy VBN 43297 310 30 , , , 43297 310 31 when when WRB 43297 310 32 it -PRON- PRP 43297 310 33 may may MD 43297 310 34 be be VB 43297 310 35 mixed mix VBN 43297 310 36 with with IN 43297 310 37 water water NN 43297 310 38 to to TO 43297 310 39 form form VB 43297 310 40 a a DT 43297 310 41 paste paste NN 43297 310 42 or or CC 43297 310 43 , , , 43297 310 44 with with IN 43297 310 45 more more JJR 43297 310 46 water water NN 43297 310 47 , , , 43297 310 48 a a DT 43297 310 49 thin thin JJ 43297 310 50 ' ' `` 43297 310 51 cream cream NN 43297 310 52 ' ' '' 43297 310 53 or or CC 43297 310 54 ' ' `` 43297 310 55 slurry slurry VB 43297 310 56 . . . 43297 310 57 ' ' '' 43297 311 1 When when WRB 43297 311 2 heated heat VBN 43297 311 3 moderately moderately RB 43297 311 4 , , , 43297 311 5 clay clay NN 43297 311 6 forms form VBZ 43297 311 7 a a DT 43297 311 8 porous porous JJ 43297 311 9 material material NN 43297 311 10 and and CC 43297 311 11 , , , 43297 311 12 unless unless IN 43297 311 13 the the DT 43297 311 14 heating heating NN 43297 311 15 is be VBZ 43297 311 16 excessive excessive JJ 43297 311 17 , , , 43297 311 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 311 19 will will MD 43297 311 20 absorb absorb VB 43297 311 21 about about RB 43297 311 22 one one CD 43297 311 23 - - HYPH 43297 311 24 eighth eighth JJ 43297 311 25 of of IN 43297 311 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 311 27 weight weight NN 43297 311 28 of of IN 43297 311 29 water water NN 43297 311 30 . . . 43297 312 1 Further further JJ 43297 312 2 heating heating NN 43297 312 3 at at IN 43297 312 4 a a DT 43297 312 5 higher high JJR 43297 312 6 temperature temperature NN 43297 312 7 reduces reduce VBZ 43297 312 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 312 9 porosity porosity NN 43297 312 10 -- -- : 43297 312 11 the the DT 43297 312 12 more more RBR 43297 312 13 easily easily RB 43297 312 14 fused fuse VBN 43297 312 15 material material NN 43297 312 16 filling fill VBG 43297 312 17 some some DT 43297 312 18 of of IN 43297 312 19 the the DT 43297 312 20 pores pore NNS 43297 312 21 -- -- : 43297 312 22 until until IN 43297 312 23 a a DT 43297 312 24 stage stage NN 43297 312 25 is be VBZ 43297 312 26 reached reach VBN 43297 312 27 when when WRB 43297 312 28 the the DT 43297 312 29 material material NN 43297 312 30 is be VBZ 43297 312 31 completely completely RB 43297 312 32 vitrified vitrified JJ 43297 312 33 and and CC 43297 312 34 is be VBZ 43297 312 35 no no DT 43297 312 36 longer long RBR 43297 312 37 porous porous JJ 43297 312 38 . . . 43297 313 1 Porosity porosity NN 43297 313 2 may may MD 43297 313 3 thus thus RB 43297 313 4 be be VB 43297 313 5 regarded regard VBN 43297 313 6 as as IN 43297 313 7 the the DT 43297 313 8 opposite opposite NN 43297 313 9 of of IN 43297 313 10 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 313 11 ; ; : 43297 313 12 porous porous JJ 43297 313 13 goods good NNS 43297 313 14 being be VBG 43297 313 15 relatively relatively RB 43297 313 16 light light JJ 43297 313 17 and and CC 43297 313 18 soft soft JJ 43297 313 19 whilst whilst IN 43297 313 20 vitrified vitrified JJ 43297 313 21 ones one NNS 43297 313 22 are be VBP 43297 313 23 dense dense JJ 43297 313 24 and and CC 43297 313 25 hard hard JJ 43297 313 26 . . . 43297 314 1 For for IN 43297 314 2 some some DT 43297 314 3 purposes purpose NNS 43297 314 4 , , , 43297 314 5 porosity porosity NN 43297 314 6 is be VBZ 43297 314 7 an an DT 43297 314 8 important important JJ 43297 314 9 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 314 10 : : : 43297 314 11 for for IN 43297 314 12 example example NN 43297 314 13 , , , 43297 314 14 building build VBG 43297 314 15 bricks brick NNS 43297 314 16 which which WDT 43297 314 17 are be VBP 43297 314 18 moderately moderately RB 43297 314 19 porous porous JJ 43297 314 20 are be VBP 43297 314 21 preferable preferable JJ 43297 314 22 to to IN 43297 314 23 those those DT 43297 314 24 which which WDT 43297 314 25 are be VBP 43297 314 26 vitrified vitrify VBN 43297 314 27 . . . 43297 315 1 The the DT 43297 315 2 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 315 3 of of IN 43297 315 4 porous porous JJ 43297 315 5 blocks block NNS 43297 315 6 for for IN 43297 315 7 the the DT 43297 315 8 construction construction NN 43297 315 9 of of IN 43297 315 10 light light JJ 43297 315 11 , , , 43297 315 12 sound sound JJ 43297 315 13 - - HYPH 43297 315 14 proof proof JJ 43297 315 15 partitions partition NNS 43297 315 16 , , , 43297 315 17 etc etc FW 43297 315 18 . . . 43297 316 1 has have VBZ 43297 316 2 increased increase VBN 43297 316 3 rapidly rapidly RB 43297 316 4 of of IN 43297 316 5 late late RB 43297 316 6 . . . 43297 317 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 317 2 are be VBP 43297 317 3 made make VBN 43297 317 4 by by IN 43297 317 5 adding add VBG 43297 317 6 sawdust sawdust NNP 43297 317 7 or or CC 43297 317 8 other other JJ 43297 317 9 combustible combustible JJ 43297 317 10 material material NN 43297 317 11 to to IN 43297 317 12 the the DT 43297 317 13 clay clay NN 43297 317 14 . . . 43297 318 1 The the DT 43297 318 2 added add VBN 43297 318 3 substances substance NNS 43297 318 4 burn burn VBP 43297 318 5 out out RP 43297 318 6 on on IN 43297 318 7 firing fire VBG 43297 318 8 the the DT 43297 318 9 goods good NNS 43297 318 10 in in IN 43297 318 11 a a DT 43297 318 12 kiln kiln NN 43297 318 13 . . . 43297 319 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 319 2 which which WDT 43297 319 3 are be VBP 43297 319 4 porous porous JJ 43297 319 5 can can MD 43297 319 6 be be VB 43297 319 7 dried dry VBN 43297 319 8 more more RBR 43297 319 9 readily readily RB 43297 319 10 and and CC 43297 319 11 with with IN 43297 319 12 less less JJR 43297 319 13 risk risk NN 43297 319 14 of of IN 43297 319 15 cracking crack VBG 43297 319 16 than than IN 43297 319 17 those those DT 43297 319 18 which which WDT 43297 319 19 are be VBP 43297 319 20 more more RBR 43297 319 21 dense dense JJ 43297 319 22 . . . 43297 320 1 For for IN 43297 320 2 this this DT 43297 320 3 reason reason NN 43297 320 4 , , , 43297 320 5 some some DT 43297 320 6 clayworkers clayworker NNS 43297 320 7 mix mix VBP 43297 320 8 non non JJ 43297 320 9 - - JJ 43297 320 10 plastic plastic JJ 43297 320 11 material material NN 43297 320 12 such such JJ 43297 320 13 as as IN 43297 320 14 sand sand NN 43297 320 15 or or CC 43297 320 16 burned burn VBD 43297 320 17 clay clay NN 43297 320 18 with with IN 43297 320 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 320 20 raw raw JJ 43297 320 21 material material NN 43297 320 22 . . . 43297 321 1 The the DT 43297 321 2 _ _ NNP 43297 321 3 impermeability impermeability NN 43297 321 4 _ _ NNP 43297 321 5 of of IN 43297 321 6 plastic plastic JJ 43297 321 7 clay clay NN 43297 321 8 to to IN 43297 321 9 water water NN 43297 321 10 is be VBZ 43297 321 11 a a DT 43297 321 12 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 321 13 which which WDT 43297 321 14 is be VBZ 43297 321 15 important important JJ 43297 321 16 for for IN 43297 321 17 many many JJ 43297 321 18 purposes purpose NNS 43297 321 19 . . . 43297 322 1 The the DT 43297 322 2 _ _ NNP 43297 322 3 absorptive absorptive JJ 43297 322 4 power power NN 43297 322 5 _ _ NNP 43297 322 6 of of IN 43297 322 7 clays clay NNS 43297 322 8 is be VBZ 43297 322 9 closely closely RB 43297 322 10 related related JJ 43297 322 11 to to IN 43297 322 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 322 13 porosity porosity NN 43297 322 14 so so RB 43297 322 15 far far RB 43297 322 16 as as IN 43297 322 17 pure pure JJ 43297 322 18 water water NN 43297 322 19 is be VBZ 43297 322 20 concerned concern VBN 43297 322 21 , , , 43297 322 22 but but CC 43297 322 23 if if IN 43297 322 24 the the DT 43297 322 25 water water NN 43297 322 26 contains contain VBZ 43297 322 27 certain certain JJ 43297 322 28 salts salt NNS 43297 322 29 in in IN 43297 322 30 solution solution NN 43297 322 31 a a DT 43297 322 32 selective selective JJ 43297 322 33 absorption absorption NN 43297 322 34 occurs occur VBZ 43297 322 35 , , , 43297 322 36 the the DT 43297 322 37 bases basis NNS 43297 322 38 being be VBG 43297 322 39 retained retain VBN 43297 322 40 by by IN 43297 322 41 the the DT 43297 322 42 clay clay NN 43297 322 43 in in IN 43297 322 44 such such PDT 43297 322 45 a a DT 43297 322 46 manner manner NN 43297 322 47 that that IN 43297 322 48 they -PRON- PRP 43297 322 49 can can MD 43297 322 50 not not RB 43297 322 51 be be VB 43297 322 52 removed remove VBN 43297 322 53 by by IN 43297 322 54 washing wash VBG 43297 322 55 . . . 43297 323 1 The the DT 43297 323 2 selective selective JJ 43297 323 3 action action NN 43297 323 4 is be VBZ 43297 323 5 known know VBN 43297 323 6 as as IN 43297 323 7 _ _ NNP 43297 323 8 adsorption adsorption NN 43297 323 9 _ _ NNP 43297 323 10 and and CC 43297 323 11 is be VBZ 43297 323 12 most most RBS 43297 323 13 noticeable noticeable JJ 43297 323 14 in in IN 43297 323 15 highly highly RB 43297 323 16 plastic plastic JJ 43297 323 17 clays clay NNS 43297 323 18 . . . 43297 324 1 Bourry Bourry NNP 43297 324 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 324 3 10 10 CD 43297 324 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 324 5 has have VBZ 43297 324 6 shown show VBN 43297 324 7 that that IN 43297 324 8 the the DT 43297 324 9 slightly slightly RB 43297 324 10 plastic plastic JJ 43297 324 11 china china NNP 43297 324 12 clays clay NNS 43297 324 13 only only RB 43297 324 14 exercise exercise VBP 43297 324 15 a a DT 43297 324 16 small small JJ 43297 324 17 power power NN 43297 324 18 of of IN 43297 324 19 adsorbing adsorb VBG 43297 324 20 calcium calcium NN 43297 324 21 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 324 22 from from IN 43297 324 23 solution solution NN 43297 324 24 , , , 43297 324 25 but but CC 43297 324 26 highly highly RB 43297 324 27 plastic plastic JJ 43297 324 28 clays clay NNS 43297 324 29 may may MD 43297 324 30 adsorb adsorb VB 43297 324 31 20 20 CD 43297 324 32 per per NN 43297 324 33 cent cent NN 43297 324 34 . . . 43297 325 1 of of IN 43297 325 2 it -PRON- PRP 43297 325 3 . . . 43297 326 1 The the DT 43297 326 2 alkaline alkaline NN 43297 326 3 chlorides chloride NNS 43297 326 4 and and CC 43297 326 5 sulphates sulphate NNS 43297 326 6 do do VBP 43297 326 7 not not RB 43297 326 8 appear appear VB 43297 326 9 to to TO 43297 326 10 be be VB 43297 326 11 adsorbed adsorb VBN 43297 326 12 in in IN 43297 326 13 this this DT 43297 326 14 manner manner NN 43297 326 15 , , , 43297 326 16 but but CC 43297 326 17 the the DT 43297 326 18 carbonates carbonate NNS 43297 326 19 are be VBP 43297 326 20 readily readily RB 43297 326 21 removed remove VBN 43297 326 22 from from IN 43297 326 23 solution solution NN 43297 326 24 . . . 43297 327 1 All all DT 43297 327 2 calcium calcium NN 43297 327 3 and and CC 43297 327 4 magnesium magnesium NN 43297 327 5 compounds compound NNS 43297 327 6 appear appear VBP 43297 327 7 to to TO 43297 327 8 be be VB 43297 327 9 adsorbed adsorb VBN 43297 327 10 , , , 43297 327 11 though though IN 43297 327 12 in in IN 43297 327 13 variable variable JJ 43297 327 14 quantities quantity NNS 43297 327 15 , , , 43297 327 16 the the DT 43297 327 17 reaction reaction NN 43297 327 18 being be VBG 43297 327 19 complicated complicate VBN 43297 327 20 when when WRB 43297 327 21 several several JJ 43297 327 22 soluble soluble JJ 43297 327 23 salts salt NNS 43297 327 24 are be VBP 43297 327 25 present present JJ 43297 327 26 . . . 43297 328 1 Ries rie NNS 43297 328 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 328 3 6 6 CD 43297 328 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 328 5 has have VBZ 43297 328 6 found find VBN 43297 328 7 that that IN 43297 328 8 gallo gallo NN 43297 328 9 - - HYPH 43297 328 10 tannic tannic NN 43297 328 11 acid acid NN 43297 328 12 is be VBZ 43297 328 13 adsorbed adsorb VBN 43297 328 14 readily readily RB 43297 328 15 and and CC 43297 328 16 increases increase VBZ 43297 328 17 the the DT 43297 328 18 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 328 19 of of IN 43297 328 20 clay clay NN 43297 328 21 . . . 43297 329 1 Ashley Ashley NNP 43297 329 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 329 3 11 11 CD 43297 329 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 329 5 has have VBZ 43297 329 6 endeavoured endeavour VBN 43297 329 7 to to TO 43297 329 8 measure measure VB 43297 329 9 the the DT 43297 329 10 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 329 11 of of IN 43297 329 12 clays clay NNS 43297 329 13 by by IN 43297 329 14 determining determine VBG 43297 329 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 329 16 adsorption adsorption NN 43297 329 17 capacity capacity NN 43297 329 18 for for IN 43297 329 19 various various JJ 43297 329 20 aniline aniline NN 43297 329 21 dyes dye NNS 43297 329 22 , , , 43297 329 23 but but CC 43297 329 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 43297 329 25 untimely untimely JJ 43297 329 26 decease decease NN 43297 329 27 prevented prevent VBD 43297 329 28 the the DT 43297 329 29 investigation investigation NN 43297 329 30 being be VBG 43297 329 31 completed complete VBN 43297 329 32 . . . 43297 330 1 There there EX 43297 330 2 is be VBZ 43297 330 3 reason reason NN 43297 330 4 to to TO 43297 330 5 suppose suppose VB 43297 330 6 that that IN 43297 330 7 the the DT 43297 330 8 relation relation NN 43297 330 9 between between IN 43297 330 10 adsorption adsorption NN 43297 330 11 and and CC 43297 330 12 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 330 13 is be VBZ 43297 330 14 extremely extremely RB 43297 330 15 close close JJ 43297 330 16 in in IN 43297 330 17 many many JJ 43297 330 18 clays clay NNS 43297 330 19 and and CC 43297 330 20 that that IN 43297 330 21 the the DT 43297 330 22 former former JJ 43297 330 23 may may NN 43297 330 24 , , , 43297 330 25 to to IN 43297 330 26 an an DT 43297 330 27 important important JJ 43297 330 28 extent extent NN 43297 330 29 , , , 43297 330 30 be be VB 43297 330 31 used use VBN 43297 330 32 as as IN 43297 330 33 a a DT 43297 330 34 measure measure NN 43297 330 35 of of IN 43297 330 36 the the DT 43297 330 37 latter latter JJ 43297 330 38 . . . 43297 331 1 In in IN 43297 331 2 some some DT 43297 331 3 clays clay NNS 43297 331 4 , , , 43297 331 5 however however RB 43297 331 6 , , , 43297 331 7 this this DT 43297 331 8 relationship relationship NN 43297 331 9 does do VBZ 43297 331 10 not not RB 43297 331 11 exist exist VB 43297 331 12 . . . 43297 332 1 Sand sand NN 43297 332 2 and and CC 43297 332 3 burned burn VBD 43297 332 4 clay clay NN 43297 332 5 only only RB 43297 332 6 show show NN 43297 332 7 faint faint JJ 43297 332 8 adsorption adsorption NN 43297 332 9 phenomena phenomenon NNS 43297 332 10 ; ; , 43297 332 11 felspar felspar NNP 43297 332 12 shows show VBZ 43297 332 13 them -PRON- PRP 43297 332 14 to to IN 43297 332 15 a a DT 43297 332 16 slight slight JJ 43297 332 17 and and CC 43297 332 18 almost almost RB 43297 332 19 negligible negligible JJ 43297 332 20 extent extent NN 43297 332 21 and and CC 43297 332 22 most most JJS 43297 332 23 of of IN 43297 332 24 the the DT 43297 332 25 other other JJ 43297 332 26 non non JJ 43297 332 27 - - JJ 43297 332 28 plastic plastic JJ 43297 332 29 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 332 30 of of IN 43297 332 31 clays clay NNS 43297 332 32 are be VBP 43297 332 33 non non JJ 43297 332 34 - - JJ 43297 332 35 adsorptive adsorptive JJ 43297 332 36 . . . 43297 333 1 Selective selective JJ 43297 333 2 adsorption adsorption NN 43297 333 3 being be VBG 43297 333 4 an an DT 43297 333 5 important important JJ 43297 333 6 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 333 7 of of IN 43297 333 8 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 333 9 substances substance NNS 43297 333 10 , , , 43297 333 11 the the DT 43297 333 12 possession possession NN 43297 333 13 of of IN 43297 333 14 this this DT 43297 333 15 power power NN 43297 333 16 by by IN 43297 333 17 plastic plastic NN 43297 333 18 clays clay NNS 43297 333 19 supports support VBZ 43297 333 20 the the DT 43297 333 21 claim claim NN 43297 333 22 that that IN 43297 333 23 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 333 24 is be VBZ 43297 333 25 due due JJ 43297 333 26 , , , 43297 333 27 at at IN 43297 333 28 least least JJS 43297 333 29 in in IN 43297 333 30 part part NN 43297 333 31 , , , 43297 333 32 to to IN 43297 333 33 the the DT 43297 333 34 presence presence NN 43297 333 35 of of IN 43297 333 36 colloids colloid NNS 43297 333 37 . . . 43297 334 1 The the DT 43297 334 2 addition addition NN 43297 334 3 of of IN 43297 334 4 small small JJ 43297 334 5 quantities quantity NNS 43297 334 6 of of IN 43297 334 7 a a DT 43297 334 8 solution solution NN 43297 334 9 of of IN 43297 334 10 certain certain JJ 43297 334 11 substances substance NNS 43297 334 12 to to IN 43297 334 13 a a DT 43297 334 14 stiff stiff JJ 43297 334 15 clay clay NN 43297 334 16 paste paste NN 43297 334 17 usually usually RB 43297 334 18 reduces reduce VBZ 43297 334 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 334 20 stiffness stiffness NN 43297 334 21 , , , 43297 334 22 and and CC 43297 334 23 in in IN 43297 334 24 some some DT 43297 334 25 cases case NNS 43297 334 26 turns turn VBZ 43297 334 27 it -PRON- PRP 43297 334 28 into into IN 43297 334 29 a a DT 43297 334 30 liquid liquid NN 43297 334 31 . . . 43297 335 1 The the DT 43297 335 2 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 335 3 are be VBP 43297 335 4 particularly particularly RB 43297 335 5 powerful powerful JJ 43297 335 6 in in IN 43297 335 7 this this DT 43297 335 8 respect respect NN 43297 335 9 and and CC 43297 335 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 335 11 action action NN 43297 335 12 may may MD 43297 335 13 be be VB 43297 335 14 strikingly strikingly RB 43297 335 15 illustrated illustrate VBN 43297 335 16 by by IN 43297 335 17 mixing mix VBG 43297 335 18 a a DT 43297 335 19 few few JJ 43297 335 20 drops drop NNS 43297 335 21 of of IN 43297 335 22 caustic caustic JJ 43297 335 23 soda soda NN 43297 335 24 with with IN 43297 335 25 a a DT 43297 335 26 stiff stiff JJ 43297 335 27 clay clay NN 43297 335 28 paste paste NN 43297 335 29 . . . 43297 336 1 In in IN 43297 336 2 a a DT 43297 336 3 few few JJ 43297 336 4 moments moment NNS 43297 336 5 the the DT 43297 336 6 mixture mixture NN 43297 336 7 will will MD 43297 336 8 be be VB 43297 336 9 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 336 10 liquid liquid JJ 43297 336 11 to to TO 43297 336 12 pour pour VB 43297 336 13 readily readily RB 43297 336 14 , , , 43297 336 15 but but CC 43297 336 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 336 17 may may MD 43297 336 18 be be VB 43297 336 19 rendered render VBN 43297 336 20 quite quite RB 43297 336 21 stiff stiff JJ 43297 336 22 again again RB 43297 336 23 by by IN 43297 336 24 adding add VBG 43297 336 25 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 336 26 acid acid NN 43297 336 27 to to TO 43297 336 28 neutralize neutralize VB 43297 336 29 the the DT 43297 336 30 alkali alkali JJ 43297 336 31 previously previously RB 43297 336 32 used use VBN 43297 336 33 . . . 43297 337 1 Weber Weber NNP 43297 337 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 337 3 12 12 CD 43297 337 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 337 5 has have VBZ 43297 337 6 utilized utilize VBN 43297 337 7 this this DT 43297 337 8 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 337 9 to to IN 43297 337 10 great great JJ 43297 337 11 advantage advantage NN 43297 337 12 in in IN 43297 337 13 the the DT 43297 337 14 production production NN 43297 337 15 of of IN 43297 337 16 sanitary sanitary JJ 43297 337 17 ware ware NN 43297 337 18 and and CC 43297 337 19 crucibles crucible NNS 43297 337 20 for for IN 43297 337 21 glass glass NN 43297 337 22 - - HYPH 43297 337 23 making making NN 43297 337 24 by by IN 43297 337 25 a a DT 43297 337 26 process process NN 43297 337 27 of of IN 43297 337 28 casting cast VBG 43297 337 29 which which WDT 43297 337 30 he -PRON- PRP 43297 337 31 has have VBZ 43297 337 32 patented patent VBN 43297 337 33 . . . 43297 338 1 The the DT 43297 338 2 effect effect NN 43297 338 3 of of IN 43297 338 4 adding add VBG 43297 338 5 water water NN 43297 338 6 to to IN 43297 338 7 a a DT 43297 338 8 dry dry JJ 43297 338 9 clay clay NN 43297 338 10 is be VBZ 43297 338 11 curious curious JJ 43297 338 12 . . . 43297 339 1 At at IN 43297 339 2 first first RB 43297 339 3 the the DT 43297 339 4 particles particle NNS 43297 339 5 in in IN 43297 339 6 contact contact NN 43297 339 7 with with IN 43297 339 8 the the DT 43297 339 9 water water NN 43297 339 10 become become VBP 43297 339 11 sticky sticky JJ 43297 339 12 and and CC 43297 339 13 plastic plastic NN 43297 339 14 , , , 43297 339 15 and and CC 43297 339 16 if if IN 43297 339 17 the the DT 43297 339 18 proportion proportion NN 43297 339 19 of of IN 43297 339 20 water water NN 43297 339 21 added add VBN 43297 339 22 is be VBZ 43297 339 23 suitable suitable JJ 43297 339 24 and and CC 43297 339 25 the the DT 43297 339 26 mixing mixing NN 43297 339 27 is be VBZ 43297 339 28 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 339 29 thorough thorough JJ 43297 339 30 a a DT 43297 339 31 plastic plastic JJ 43297 339 32 mass mass NN 43297 339 33 will will MD 43297 339 34 be be VB 43297 339 35 produced produce VBN 43297 339 36 , , , 43297 339 37 the the DT 43297 339 38 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 339 39 of of IN 43297 339 40 which which WDT 43297 339 41 will will MD 43297 339 42 depend depend VB 43297 339 43 on on IN 43297 339 44 the the DT 43297 339 45 nature nature NN 43297 339 46 of of IN 43297 339 47 the the DT 43297 339 48 clay clay NN 43297 339 49 used use VBN 43297 339 50 . . . 43297 340 1 This this DT 43297 340 2 process process NN 43297 340 3 of of IN 43297 340 4 mixing mix VBG 43297 340 5 clay clay NN 43297 340 6 with with IN 43297 340 7 a a DT 43297 340 8 limited limited JJ 43297 340 9 amount amount NN 43297 340 10 of of IN 43297 340 11 water water NN 43297 340 12 is be VBZ 43297 340 13 known know VBN 43297 340 14 as as IN 43297 340 15 ' ' `` 43297 340 16 tempering tempering NN 43297 340 17 . . . 43297 340 18 ' ' '' 43297 341 1 The the DT 43297 341 2 proportion proportion NN 43297 341 3 of of IN 43297 341 4 water water NN 43297 341 5 required require VBN 43297 341 6 to to TO 43297 341 7 make make VB 43297 341 8 a a DT 43297 341 9 paste paste NN 43297 341 10 of of IN 43297 341 11 suitable suitable JJ 43297 341 12 consistency consistency NN 43297 341 13 for for IN 43297 341 14 modelling modelling NN 43297 341 15 appears appear NNS 43297 341 16 to to TO 43297 341 17 be be VB 43297 341 18 constant constant JJ 43297 341 19 for for IN 43297 341 20 each each DT 43297 341 21 clay clay NN 43297 341 22 . . . 43297 342 1 If if IN 43297 342 2 , , , 43297 342 3 however however RB 43297 342 4 , , , 43297 342 5 a a DT 43297 342 6 larger large JJR 43297 342 7 proportion proportion NN 43297 342 8 of of IN 43297 342 9 water water NN 43297 342 10 is be VBZ 43297 342 11 added add VBN 43297 342 12 the the DT 43297 342 13 particles particle NNS 43297 342 14 of of IN 43297 342 15 clay clay NN 43297 342 16 will will MD 43297 342 17 be be VB 43297 342 18 separated separate VBN 43297 342 19 so so RB 43297 342 20 widely widely RB 43297 342 21 from from IN 43297 342 22 each each DT 43297 342 23 other other JJ 43297 342 24 that that IN 43297 342 25 they -PRON- PRP 43297 342 26 lose lose VBP 43297 342 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 342 28 cohesion cohesion NN 43297 342 29 , , , 43297 342 30 and and CC 43297 342 31 instead instead RB 43297 342 32 of of IN 43297 342 33 a a DT 43297 342 34 plastic plastic JJ 43297 342 35 mass mass NN 43297 342 36 , , , 43297 342 37 the the DT 43297 342 38 material material NN 43297 342 39 will will MD 43297 342 40 form form VB 43297 342 41 a a DT 43297 342 42 liquid liquid NN 43297 342 43 of of IN 43297 342 44 cream cream NN 43297 342 45 - - HYPH 43297 342 46 like like JJ 43297 342 47 consistency consistency NN 43297 342 48 . . . 43297 343 1 If if IN 43297 343 2 a a DT 43297 343 3 piece piece NN 43297 343 4 of of IN 43297 343 5 stiff stiff JJ 43297 343 6 clay clay NN 43297 343 7 paste paste NN 43297 343 8 is be VBZ 43297 343 9 suspended suspend VBN 43297 343 10 in in IN 43297 343 11 a a DT 43297 343 12 large large JJ 43297 343 13 volume volume NN 43297 343 14 of of IN 43297 343 15 water water NN 43297 343 16 without without IN 43297 343 17 stirring stirring NN 43297 343 18 , , , 43297 343 19 disintegration disintegration NN 43297 343 20 will will MD 43297 343 21 still still RB 43297 343 22 occur occur VB 43297 343 23 ( ( -LRB- 43297 343 24 though though IN 43297 343 25 a a DT 43297 343 26 much much RB 43297 343 27 longer long JJR 43297 343 28 time time NN 43297 343 29 will will MD 43297 343 30 be be VB 43297 343 31 required require VBN 43297 343 32 ) ) -RRB- 43297 343 33 and and CC 43297 343 34 the the DT 43297 343 35 clay clay NN 43297 343 36 will will MD 43297 343 37 be be VB 43297 343 38 deposited deposit VBN 43297 343 39 as as IN 43297 343 40 a a DT 43297 343 41 sediment sediment NN 43297 343 42 at at IN 43297 343 43 the the DT 43297 343 44 bottom bottom NN 43297 343 45 of of IN 43297 343 46 the the DT 43297 343 47 vessel vessel NN 43297 343 48 . . . 43297 344 1 The the DT 43297 344 2 leaner lean JJR 43297 344 3 the the DT 43297 344 4 clay clay NN 43297 344 5 or or CC 43297 344 6 the the DT 43297 344 7 larger large JJR 43297 344 8 the the DT 43297 344 9 proportion proportion NN 43297 344 10 of of IN 43297 344 11 non non JJ 43297 344 12 - - JJ 43297 344 13 plastic plastic JJ 43297 344 14 material material NN 43297 344 15 it -PRON- PRP 43297 344 16 contains contain VBZ 43297 344 17 , , , 43297 344 18 the the DT 43297 344 19 more more RBR 43297 344 20 rapidly rapidly RB 43297 344 21 will will MD 43297 344 22 this this DT 43297 344 23 disintegration disintegration NN 43297 344 24 take take VB 43297 344 25 place place NN 43297 344 26 . . . 43297 345 1 A a DT 43297 345 2 highly highly RB 43297 345 3 plastic plastic JJ 43297 345 4 clay clay NN 43297 345 5 will will MD 43297 345 6 become become VB 43297 345 7 almost almost RB 43297 345 8 impervious impervious JJ 43297 345 9 and and CC 43297 345 10 will will MD 43297 345 11 retain retain VB 43297 345 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 345 13 shape shape NN 43297 345 14 indefinitely indefinitely RB 43297 345 15 . . . 43297 346 1 If if IN 43297 346 2 a a DT 43297 346 3 mixture mixture NN 43297 346 4 of of IN 43297 346 5 clay clay NN 43297 346 6 and and CC 43297 346 7 water water NN 43297 346 8 in in IN 43297 346 9 the the DT 43297 346 10 form form NN 43297 346 11 of of IN 43297 346 12 a a DT 43297 346 13 cream cream NN 43297 346 14 or or CC 43297 346 15 slurry slurry NN 43297 346 16 be be VB 43297 346 17 allowed allow VBN 43297 346 18 to to TO 43297 346 19 rest rest VB 43297 346 20 , , , 43297 346 21 the the DT 43297 346 22 larger large JJR 43297 346 23 and and CC 43297 346 24 less less JJR 43297 346 25 plastic plastic JJ 43297 346 26 particles particle NNS 43297 346 27 will will MD 43297 346 28 settle settle VB 43297 346 29 , , , 43297 346 30 but but CC 43297 346 31 many many JJ 43297 346 32 of of IN 43297 346 33 the the DT 43297 346 34 particles particle NNS 43297 346 35 of of IN 43297 346 36 true true JJ 43297 346 37 clay clay NN 43297 346 38 will will MD 43297 346 39 remain remain VB 43297 346 40 suspended suspend VBN 43297 346 41 for for IN 43297 346 42 several several JJ 43297 346 43 hours hour NNS 43297 346 44 and and CC 43297 346 45 some some DT 43297 346 46 of of IN 43297 346 47 them -PRON- PRP 43297 346 48 for for IN 43297 346 49 several several JJ 43297 346 50 days day NNS 43297 346 51 . . . 43297 347 1 Some some DT 43297 347 2 particles particle NNS 43297 347 3 of of IN 43297 347 4 clay clay NN 43297 347 5 are be VBP 43297 347 6 so so RB 43297 347 7 small small JJ 43297 347 8 that that IN 43297 347 9 it -PRON- PRP 43297 347 10 is be VBZ 43297 347 11 doubtful doubtful JJ 43297 347 12 if if IN 43297 347 13 they -PRON- PRP 43297 347 14 would would MD 43297 347 15 ever ever RB 43297 347 16 settle settle VB 43297 347 17 completely completely RB 43297 347 18 unless unless IN 43297 347 19 some some DT 43297 347 20 coagulant coagulant NN 43297 347 21 were be VBD 43297 347 22 added add VBN 43297 347 23 , , , 43297 347 24 and and CC 43297 347 25 as as IN 43297 347 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 347 27 readily readily RB 43297 347 28 pass pass VBP 43297 347 29 through through RP 43297 347 30 all all DT 43297 347 31 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 347 32 filtering filtering NN 43297 347 33 media medium NNS 43297 347 34 it -PRON- PRP 43297 347 35 is be VBZ 43297 347 36 extremely extremely RB 43297 347 37 difficult difficult JJ 43297 347 38 to to TO 43297 347 39 collect collect VB 43297 347 40 them -PRON- PRP 43297 347 41 in in IN 43297 347 42 a a DT 43297 347 43 pure pure JJ 43297 347 44 state state NN 43297 347 45 . . . 43297 348 1 These these DT 43297 348 2 turbid turbid JJ 43297 348 3 suspensions suspension NNS 43297 348 4 of of IN 43297 348 5 clay clay NN 43297 348 6 may may MD 43297 348 7 be be VB 43297 348 8 rapidly rapidly RB 43297 348 9 cleared clear VBN 43297 348 10 by by IN 43297 348 11 the the DT 43297 348 12 addition addition NN 43297 348 13 of of IN 43297 348 14 sodium sodium NN 43297 348 15 chloride chloride NN 43297 348 16 which which WDT 43297 348 17 increases increase VBZ 43297 348 18 the the DT 43297 348 19 surface surface NN 43297 348 20 tension tension NN 43297 348 21 of of IN 43297 348 22 the the DT 43297 348 23 solution solution NN 43297 348 24 . . . 43297 349 1 The the DT 43297 349 2 fine fine JJ 43297 349 3 particles particle NNS 43297 349 4 behave behave VBP 43297 349 5 in in IN 43297 349 6 the the DT 43297 349 7 same same JJ 43297 349 8 way way NN 43297 349 9 as as IN 43297 349 10 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 349 11 substances substance NNS 43297 349 12 , , , 43297 349 13 _ _ NNP 43297 349 14 i.e. i.e. FW 43297 349 15 _ _ NNP 43297 349 16 as as IN 43297 349 17 if if IN 43297 349 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 349 19 possessed possess VBD 43297 349 20 an an DT 43297 349 21 electrostatic electrostatic JJ 43297 349 22 charge charge NN 43297 349 23 . . . 43297 350 1 Hence hence RB 43297 350 2 the the DT 43297 350 3 addition addition NN 43297 350 4 of of IN 43297 350 5 a a DT 43297 350 6 salt salt NN 43297 350 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 350 8 electrolyte electrolyte NNP 43297 350 9 ) ) -RRB- 43297 350 10 , , , 43297 350 11 whose whose WP$ 43297 350 12 ions ion NNS 43297 350 13 annul annul VBP 43297 350 14 the the DT 43297 350 15 opposite opposite JJ 43297 350 16 charges charge NNS 43297 350 17 of of IN 43297 350 18 the the DT 43297 350 19 electric electric JJ 43297 350 20 double double JJ 43297 350 21 layer layer NN 43297 350 22 assumed assume VBN 43297 350 23 by by IN 43297 350 24 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 43297 350 25 to to TO 43297 350 26 be be VB 43297 350 27 present present JJ 43297 350 28 , , , 43297 350 29 enables enable VBZ 43297 350 30 the the DT 43297 350 31 particles particle NNS 43297 350 32 to to TO 43297 350 33 coagulate coagulate VB 43297 350 34 in in IN 43297 350 35 accordance accordance NN 43297 350 36 with with IN 43297 350 37 the the DT 43297 350 38 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 350 39 laws law NNS 43297 350 40 of of IN 43297 350 41 surface surface NN 43297 350 42 tension tension NN 43297 350 43 ( ( -LRB- 43297 350 44 14 14 CD 43297 350 45 ) ) -RRB- 43297 350 46 . . . 43297 351 1 _ _ NNP 43297 351 2 Exposure Exposure NNP 43297 351 3 _ _ NNP 43297 351 4 to to IN 43297 351 5 the the DT 43297 351 6 action action NN 43297 351 7 of of IN 43297 351 8 air air NN 43297 351 9 and and CC 43297 351 10 frost frost NN 43297 351 11 has have VBZ 43297 351 12 a a DT 43297 351 13 marked marked JJ 43297 351 14 effect effect NN 43297 351 15 on on IN 43297 351 16 many many JJ 43297 351 17 clays clay NNS 43297 351 18 . . . 43297 352 1 When when WRB 43297 352 2 freshly freshly RB 43297 352 3 dug dig VBD 43297 352 4 these these DT 43297 352 5 may may MD 43297 352 6 be be VB 43297 352 7 hard hard JJ 43297 352 8 and and CC 43297 352 9 difficult difficult JJ 43297 352 10 to to TO 43297 352 11 crush crush VB 43297 352 12 , , , 43297 352 13 but but CC 43297 352 14 after after IN 43297 352 15 exposure exposure NN 43297 352 16 they -PRON- PRP 43297 352 17 break break VBP 43297 352 18 up up RP 43297 352 19 readily readily RB 43297 352 20 into into IN 43297 352 21 small small JJ 43297 352 22 fragments fragment NNS 43297 352 23 . . . 43297 353 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 353 2 differ differ VBP 43297 353 3 greatly greatly RB 43297 353 4 in in IN 43297 353 5 the the DT 43297 353 6 extent extent NN 43297 353 7 to to TO 43297 353 8 which which WDT 43297 353 9 they -PRON- PRP 43297 353 10 are be VBP 43297 353 11 affected affect VBN 43297 353 12 by by IN 43297 353 13 exposure exposure NN 43297 353 14 ; ; : 43297 353 15 some some DT 43297 353 16 are be VBP 43297 353 17 completely completely RB 43297 353 18 disintegrated disintegrate VBN 43297 353 19 by by IN 43297 353 20 standing stand VBG 43297 353 21 48 48 CD 43297 353 22 hours hour NNS 43297 353 23 in in IN 43297 353 24 the the DT 43297 353 25 open open JJ 43297 353 26 air air NN 43297 353 27 , , , 43297 353 28 whilst whilst IN 43297 353 29 others other NNS 43297 353 30 are be VBP 43297 353 31 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 353 32 affected affect VBN 43297 353 33 by by IN 43297 353 34 exposure exposure NN 43297 353 35 in in IN 43297 353 36 bleak bleak JJ 43297 353 37 places place NNS 43297 353 38 through through IN 43297 353 39 several several JJ 43297 353 40 years year NNS 43297 353 41 of of IN 43297 353 42 storm storm NN 43297 353 43 , , , 43297 353 44 sunshine sunshine NN 43297 353 45 and and CC 43297 353 46 frost frost NN 43297 353 47 . . . 43297 354 1 Usually usually RB 43297 354 2 , , , 43297 354 3 however however RB 43297 354 4 , , , 43297 354 5 the the DT 43297 354 6 effect effect NN 43297 354 7 of of IN 43297 354 8 a a DT 43297 354 9 couple couple NN 43297 354 10 of of IN 43297 354 11 nights night NNS 43297 354 12 exposure exposure NN 43297 354 13 to to IN 43297 354 14 hard hard JJ 43297 354 15 frost frost NN 43297 354 16 will will MD 43297 354 17 produce produce VB 43297 354 18 a a DT 43297 354 19 marked marked JJ 43297 354 20 disintegration disintegration NN 43297 354 21 of of IN 43297 354 22 the the DT 43297 354 23 material material NN 43297 354 24 . . . 43297 355 1 This this DT 43297 355 2 process process NN 43297 355 3 of of IN 43297 355 4 exposure exposure NN 43297 355 5 is be VBZ 43297 355 6 known know VBN 43297 355 7 as as IN 43297 355 8 ' ' `` 43297 355 9 weathering weathering NN 43297 355 10 ' ' '' 43297 355 11 and and CC 43297 355 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 355 13 effects effect NNS 43297 355 14 are be VBP 43297 355 15 so so RB 43297 355 16 important important JJ 43297 355 17 that that IN 43297 355 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 355 19 is be VBZ 43297 355 20 employed employ VBN 43297 355 21 whenever whenever WRB 43297 355 22 possible possible JJ 43297 355 23 for for IN 43297 355 24 clays clay NNS 43297 355 25 requiring require VBG 43297 355 26 to to TO 43297 355 27 be be VB 43297 355 28 crushed crush VBN 43297 355 29 before before IN 43297 355 30 use use NN 43297 355 31 . . . 43297 356 1 All all DT 43297 356 2 clays clay NNS 43297 356 3 are be VBP 43297 356 4 rendered render VBN 43297 356 5 more more RBR 43297 356 6 workable workable JJ 43297 356 7 by by IN 43297 356 8 exposure exposure NN 43297 356 9 , , , 43297 356 10 but but CC 43297 356 11 some some DT 43297 356 12 of of IN 43297 356 13 them -PRON- PRP 43297 356 14 are be VBP 43297 356 15 damaged damage VBN 43297 356 16 by by IN 43297 356 17 the the DT 43297 356 18 oxidation oxidation NN 43297 356 19 of of IN 43297 356 20 some some DT 43297 356 21 impurities impurity NNS 43297 356 22 ( ( -LRB- 43297 356 23 _ _ NNP 43297 356 24 e.g. e.g. NNP 43297 356 25 _ _ NNP 43297 356 26 pyrites pyrite VBZ 43297 356 27 ) ) -RRB- 43297 356 28 in in IN 43297 356 29 them -PRON- PRP 43297 356 30 , , , 43297 356 31 though though IN 43297 356 32 in in IN 43297 356 33 other other JJ 43297 356 34 clays clay NNS 43297 356 35 this this DT 43297 356 36 very very JJ 43297 356 37 oxidation oxidation NN 43297 356 38 , , , 43297 356 39 if if IN 43297 356 40 followed follow VBN 43297 356 41 by by IN 43297 356 42 the the DT 43297 356 43 leaching leaching JJ 43297 356 44 action action NN 43297 356 45 of of IN 43297 356 46 rain rain NN 43297 356 47 , , , 43297 356 48 effects effect VBZ 43297 356 49 an an DT 43297 356 50 important important JJ 43297 356 51 purification purification NN 43297 356 52 of of IN 43297 356 53 the the DT 43297 356 54 material material NN 43297 356 55 . . . 43297 357 1 Weathering Weathering NNP 43297 357 2 appears appear VBZ 43297 357 3 to to TO 43297 357 4 have have VB 43297 357 5 no no DT 43297 357 6 effect effect NN 43297 357 7 on on IN 43297 357 8 the the DT 43297 357 9 chemical chemical JJ 43297 357 10 composition composition NN 43297 357 11 of of IN 43297 357 12 the the DT 43297 357 13 particles particle NNS 43297 357 14 of of IN 43297 357 15 true true JJ 43297 357 16 clay clay NN 43297 357 17 in in IN 43297 357 18 the the DT 43297 357 19 material material NN 43297 357 20 , , , 43297 357 21 though though IN 43297 357 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 357 23 may may MD 43297 357 24 decompose decompose VB 43297 357 25 the the DT 43297 357 26 impurities impurity NNS 43297 357 27 present present JJ 43297 357 28 . . . 43297 358 1 On on IN 43297 358 2 the the DT 43297 358 3 clay clay NN 43297 358 4 itself -PRON- PRP 43297 358 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 358 6 action action NN 43297 358 7 is be VBZ 43297 358 8 largely largely RB 43297 358 9 physical physical JJ 43297 358 10 and and CC 43297 358 11 consists consist VBZ 43297 358 12 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 358 13 in in IN 43297 358 14 separating separate VBG 43297 358 15 the the DT 43297 358 16 particles particle NNS 43297 358 17 slightly slightly RB 43297 358 18 from from IN 43297 358 19 each each DT 43297 358 20 other other JJ 43297 358 21 , , , 43297 358 22 thereby thereby RB 43297 358 23 enabling enable VBG 43297 358 24 water water NN 43297 358 25 to to TO 43297 358 26 penetrate penetrate VB 43297 358 27 the the DT 43297 358 28 material material NN 43297 358 29 more more RBR 43297 358 30 readily readily RB 43297 358 31 and and CC 43297 358 32 facilitating facilitate VBG 43297 358 33 the the DT 43297 358 34 production production NN 43297 358 35 of of IN 43297 358 36 a a DT 43297 358 37 plastic plastic JJ 43297 358 38 paste paste NN 43297 358 39 . . . 43297 359 1 The the DT 43297 359 2 disintegrating disintegrate VBG 43297 359 3 action action NN 43297 359 4 of of IN 43297 359 5 the the DT 43297 359 6 weather weather NN 43297 359 7 on on IN 43297 359 8 some some DT 43297 359 9 ' ' `` 43297 359 10 clays clay NNS 43297 359 11 ' ' '' 43297 359 12 is be VBZ 43297 359 13 so so RB 43297 359 14 complete complete JJ 43297 359 15 that that IN 43297 359 16 they -PRON- PRP 43297 359 17 require require VBP 43297 359 18 no no DT 43297 359 19 crushing crushing NN 43297 359 20 but but CC 43297 359 21 can can MD 43297 359 22 be be VB 43297 359 23 converted convert VBN 43297 359 24 into into IN 43297 359 25 a a DT 43297 359 26 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 43297 359 27 paste paste NN 43297 359 28 by by IN 43297 359 29 simply simply RB 43297 359 30 kneading knead VBG 43297 359 31 them -PRON- PRP 43297 359 32 with with IN 43297 359 33 a a DT 43297 359 34 suitable suitable JJ 43297 359 35 proportion proportion NN 43297 359 36 of of IN 43297 359 37 water water NN 43297 359 38 . . . 43297 360 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 360 2 is be VBZ 43297 360 3 possible possible JJ 43297 360 4 that that IN 43297 360 5 on on IN 43297 360 6 exposure exposure NN 43297 360 7 to to IN 43297 360 8 the the DT 43297 360 9 heat heat NN 43297 360 10 of of IN 43297 360 11 the the DT 43297 360 12 sun sun NN 43297 360 13 's 's POS 43297 360 14 rays ray NNS 43297 360 15 -- -- : 43297 360 16 particularly particularly RB 43297 360 17 in in IN 43297 360 18 tropical tropical JJ 43297 360 19 climates climate NNS 43297 360 20 -- -- : 43297 360 21 some some DT 43297 360 22 chemical chemical JJ 43297 360 23 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 360 24 of of IN 43297 360 25 the the DT 43297 360 26 clay clay NN 43297 360 27 may may MD 43297 360 28 occur occur VB 43297 360 29 , , , 43297 360 30 but but CC 43297 360 31 compared compare VBN 43297 360 32 with with IN 43297 360 33 the the DT 43297 360 34 purely purely RB 43297 360 35 physical physical JJ 43297 360 36 action action NN 43297 360 37 of of IN 43297 360 38 weathering weather VBG 43297 360 39 the the DT 43297 360 40 amount amount NN 43297 360 41 of of IN 43297 360 42 such such JJ 43297 360 43 chemical chemical JJ 43297 360 44 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 360 45 must must MD 43297 360 46 be be VB 43297 360 47 relatively relatively RB 43297 360 48 unimportant unimportant JJ 43297 360 49 in in IN 43297 360 50 most most JJS 43297 360 51 cases case NNS 43297 360 52 . . . 43297 361 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 361 2 may may MD 43297 361 3 , , , 43297 361 4 however however RB 43297 361 5 , , , 43297 361 6 account account VBP 43297 361 7 for for IN 43297 361 8 the the DT 43297 361 9 presence presence NN 43297 361 10 of of IN 43297 361 11 free free JJ 43297 361 12 silica silica NNP 43297 361 13 and and CC 43297 361 14 free free JJ 43297 361 15 alumina alumina NNP 43297 361 16 in in IN 43297 361 17 some some DT 43297 361 18 clays clay NNS 43297 361 19 . . . 43297 362 1 The the DT 43297 362 2 action action NN 43297 362 3 of of IN 43297 362 4 the the DT 43297 362 5 weather weather NN 43297 362 6 on on IN 43297 362 7 rocks rock NNS 43297 362 8 , , , 43297 362 9 resulting result VBG 43297 362 10 in in IN 43297 362 11 the the DT 43297 362 12 formation formation NN 43297 362 13 of of IN 43297 362 14 clays clay NNS 43297 362 15 , , , 43297 362 16 is be VBZ 43297 362 17 described describe VBN 43297 362 18 in in IN 43297 362 19 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 362 20 III III NNP 43297 362 21 . . . 43297 363 1 _ _ NNP 43297 363 2 Heat Heat NNP 43297 363 3 _ _ NNP 43297 363 4 effects effect NNS 43297 363 5 remarkable remarkable JJ 43297 363 6 changes change NNS 43297 363 7 in in IN 43297 363 8 the the DT 43297 363 9 physical physical JJ 43297 363 10 character character NN 43297 363 11 of of IN 43297 363 12 clays clay NNS 43297 363 13 ; ; : 43297 363 14 the the DT 43297 363 15 most most RBS 43297 363 16 important important JJ 43297 363 17 of of IN 43297 363 18 these these DT 43297 363 19 have have VBP 43297 363 20 already already RB 43297 363 21 been be VBN 43297 363 22 noted note VBN 43297 363 23 . . . 43297 364 1 At at IN 43297 364 2 a a DT 43297 364 3 gentle gentle JJ 43297 364 4 heat heat NN 43297 364 5 , , , 43297 364 6 the the DT 43297 364 7 clay clay NN 43297 364 8 is be VBZ 43297 364 9 dried dry VBN 43297 364 10 and and CC 43297 364 11 retains retain NNS 43297 364 12 most most JJS 43297 364 13 of of IN 43297 364 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 364 15 power power NN 43297 364 16 of of IN 43297 364 17 becoming become VBG 43297 364 18 plastic plastic NN 43297 364 19 when when WRB 43297 364 20 moistened moisten VBN 43297 364 21 ; ; : 43297 364 22 very very RB 43297 364 23 little little JJ 43297 364 24 , , , 43297 364 25 if if IN 43297 364 26 any any DT 43297 364 27 , , , 43297 364 28 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 364 29 occurs occur VBZ 43297 364 30 . . . 43297 365 1 At at IN 43297 365 2 a a DT 43297 365 3 higher high JJR 43297 365 4 temperature temperature NN 43297 365 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 365 6 loses lose VBZ 43297 365 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 365 8 ' ' `` 43297 365 9 combined combine VBN 43297 365 10 water water NN 43297 365 11 , , , 43297 365 12 ' ' '' 43297 365 13 the the DT 43297 365 14 clay clay NN 43297 365 15 molecule molecule NN 43297 365 16 apparently apparently RB 43297 365 17 dissociating dissociate VBG 43297 365 18 , , , 43297 365 19 and and CC 43297 365 20 a a DT 43297 365 21 hard hard JJ 43297 365 22 stony stony NN 43297 365 23 mass mass NN 43297 365 24 -- -- : 43297 365 25 consisting consist VBG 43297 365 26 of of IN 43297 365 27 particles particle NNS 43297 365 28 of of IN 43297 365 29 free free JJ 43297 365 30 silica silica NN 43297 365 31 and and CC 43297 365 32 free free NNP 43297 365 33 alumina alumina NNP 43297 365 34 cemented cement VBN 43297 365 35 together together RB 43297 365 36 by by IN 43297 365 37 the the DT 43297 365 38 more more RBR 43297 365 39 easily easily RB 43297 365 40 fusible fusible JJ 43297 365 41 impurities impurity NNS 43297 365 42 present present JJ 43297 365 43 -- -- : 43297 365 44 is be VBZ 43297 365 45 formed form VBN 43297 365 46 . . . 43297 366 1 If if IN 43297 366 2 the the DT 43297 366 3 heating heating NN 43297 366 4 is be VBZ 43297 366 5 continued continue VBN 43297 366 6 the the DT 43297 366 7 hardness hardness NN 43297 366 8 of of IN 43297 366 9 the the DT 43297 366 10 material material NN 43297 366 11 is be VBZ 43297 366 12 increased increase VBN 43297 366 13 owing owe VBG 43297 366 14 to to IN 43297 366 15 more more RBR 43297 366 16 molten molten JJ 43297 366 17 silicate silicate NN 43297 366 18 having have VBG 43297 366 19 been be VBN 43297 366 20 produced produce VBN 43297 366 21 from from IN 43297 366 22 the the DT 43297 366 23 impurities impurity NNS 43297 366 24 present present JJ 43297 366 25 , , , 43297 366 26 and and CC 43297 366 27 on on IN 43297 366 28 cooling cooling NN 43297 366 29 , , , 43297 366 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 366 31 tensile tensile JJ 43297 366 32 strength strength NN 43297 366 33 and and CC 43297 366 34 resistance resistance NN 43297 366 35 to to IN 43297 366 36 crushing crushing NN 43297 366 37 will will MD 43297 366 38 be be VB 43297 366 39 found find VBN 43297 366 40 to to TO 43297 366 41 be be VB 43297 366 42 enormously enormously RB 43297 366 43 greater great JJR 43297 366 44 than than IN 43297 366 45 those those DT 43297 366 46 of of IN 43297 366 47 the the DT 43297 366 48 original original JJ 43297 366 49 clay clay NN 43297 366 50 . . . 43297 367 1 All all DT 43297 367 2 potential potential JJ 43297 367 3 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 367 4 is be VBZ 43297 367 5 destroyed destroy VBN 43297 367 6 by by IN 43297 367 7 heating heat VBG 43297 367 8 to to IN 43297 367 9 700 700 CD 43297 367 10 ° ° , 43297 367 11 C. C. NNP 43297 367 12 and and CC 43297 367 13 no no DT 43297 367 14 method method NN 43297 367 15 of of IN 43297 367 16 restoring restore VBG 43297 367 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 367 18 has have VBZ 43297 367 19 yet yet RB 43297 367 20 been be VBN 43297 367 21 devised devise VBN 43297 367 22 . . . 43297 368 1 As as IN 43297 368 2 clays clay NNS 43297 368 3 are be VBP 43297 368 4 abundant abundant JJ 43297 368 5 , , , 43297 368 6 this this DT 43297 368 7 is be VBZ 43297 368 8 not not RB 43297 368 9 a a DT 43297 368 10 serious serious JJ 43297 368 11 disadvantage disadvantage NN 43297 368 12 for for IN 43297 368 13 the the DT 43297 368 14 specially specially RB 43297 368 15 desired desire VBN 43297 368 16 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 368 17 of of IN 43297 368 18 bricks brick NNS 43297 368 19 , , , 43297 368 20 terra terra NNP 43297 368 21 - - HYPH 43297 368 22 cotta cotta NNP 43297 368 23 , , , 43297 368 24 pottery pottery NN 43297 368 25 and and CC 43297 368 26 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 368 27 are be VBP 43297 368 28 all all DT 43297 368 29 such such JJ 43297 368 30 as as IN 43297 368 31 to to TO 43297 368 32 be be VB 43297 368 33 incompatible incompatible JJ 43297 368 34 with with IN 43297 368 35 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 368 36 . . . 43297 369 1 The the DT 43297 369 2 latter latter JJ 43297 369 3 is be VBZ 43297 369 4 extremely extremely RB 43297 369 5 valuable valuable JJ 43297 369 6 in in IN 43297 369 7 the the DT 43297 369 8 shaping shaping NN 43297 369 9 of of IN 43297 369 10 the the DT 43297 369 11 wares ware NNS 43297 369 12 mentioned mention VBN 43297 369 13 , , , 43297 369 14 but but CC 43297 369 15 after after IN 43297 369 16 the the DT 43297 369 17 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 369 18 is be VBZ 43297 369 19 completed complete VBN 43297 369 20 , , , 43297 369 21 the the DT 43297 369 22 destruction destruction NN 43297 369 23 of of IN 43297 369 24 the the DT 43297 369 25 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 369 26 is be VBZ 43297 369 27 an an DT 43297 369 28 essential essential JJ 43297 369 29 feature feature NN 43297 369 30 of of IN 43297 369 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 369 32 usefulness usefulness NN 43297 369 33 . . . 43297 370 1 If if IN 43297 370 2 the the DT 43297 370 3 heating heating NN 43297 370 4 is be VBZ 43297 370 5 very very RB 43297 370 6 prolonged prolonged JJ 43297 370 7 or or CC 43297 370 8 is be VBZ 43297 370 9 repeated repeat VBN 43297 370 10 several several JJ 43297 370 11 times time NNS 43297 370 12 , , , 43297 370 13 clays clay NNS 43297 370 14 change change VBP 43297 370 15 other other JJ 43297 370 16 of of IN 43297 370 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 370 18 physical physical JJ 43297 370 19 characters character NNS 43297 370 20 and and CC 43297 370 21 become become VBP 43297 370 22 brittle brittle JJ 43297 370 23 and and CC 43297 370 24 liable liable JJ 43297 370 25 to to TO 43297 370 26 crack crack VB 43297 370 27 under under IN 43297 370 28 sudden sudden JJ 43297 370 29 changes change NNS 43297 370 30 of of IN 43297 370 31 temperature temperature NN 43297 370 32 . . . 43297 371 1 This this DT 43297 371 2 is be VBZ 43297 371 3 partly partly RB 43297 371 4 due due JJ 43297 371 5 to to IN 43297 371 6 the the DT 43297 371 7 further further JJ 43297 371 8 fusion fusion NN 43297 371 9 ( ( -LRB- 43297 371 10 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 371 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 371 12 which which WDT 43297 371 13 occurs occur VBZ 43297 371 14 and and CC 43297 371 15 partly partly RB 43297 371 16 to to IN 43297 371 17 the the DT 43297 371 18 formation formation NN 43297 371 19 of of IN 43297 371 20 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 371 21 silicates silicate NNS 43297 371 22 , , , 43297 371 23 notably notably RB 43297 371 24 _ _ NNP 43297 371 25 Sillimanite Sillimanite NNP 43297 371 26 _ _ NNP 43297 371 27 ( ( -LRB- 43297 371 28 13 13 CD 43297 371 29 ) ) -RRB- 43297 371 30 . . . 43297 372 1 The the DT 43297 372 2 extent extent NN 43297 372 3 to to TO 43297 372 4 which which WDT 43297 372 5 clays clay NNS 43297 372 6 are be VBP 43297 372 7 ordinarily ordinarily RB 43297 372 8 heated heated JJ 43297 372 9 and and CC 43297 372 10 the the DT 43297 372 11 conditions condition NNS 43297 372 12 under under IN 43297 372 13 which which WDT 43297 372 14 they -PRON- PRP 43297 372 15 are be VBP 43297 372 16 cooled cool VBN 43297 372 17 do do VBP 43297 372 18 not not RB 43297 372 19 usually usually RB 43297 372 20 induce induce VB 43297 372 21 the the DT 43297 372 22 formation formation NN 43297 372 23 of of IN 43297 372 24 crystals crystal NNS 43297 372 25 ; ; : 43297 372 26 the the DT 43297 372 27 object object NN 43297 372 28 of of IN 43297 372 29 the the DT 43297 372 30 clayworker clayworker NN 43297 372 31 being be VBG 43297 372 32 to to TO 43297 372 33 produce produce VB 43297 372 34 a a DT 43297 372 35 homogeneous homogeneous JJ 43297 372 36 mass mass NN 43297 372 37 , , , 43297 372 38 the the DT 43297 372 39 particles particle NNS 43297 372 40 of of IN 43297 372 41 which which WDT 43297 372 42 are be VBP 43297 372 43 securely securely RB 43297 372 44 held hold VBN 43297 372 45 together together RB 43297 372 46 . . . 43297 373 1 The the DT 43297 373 2 result result NN 43297 373 3 is be VBZ 43297 373 4 that that IN 43297 373 5 burned burn VBN 43297 373 6 clay clay NN 43297 373 7 products product NNS 43297 373 8 are be VBP 43297 373 9 usually usually RB 43297 373 10 composed compose VBN 43297 373 11 of of IN 43297 373 12 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 373 13 particles particle NNS 43297 373 14 cemented cement VBN 43297 373 15 by by IN 43297 373 16 a a DT 43297 373 17 glass glass NN 43297 373 18 - - HYPH 43297 373 19 like like JJ 43297 373 20 material material NN 43297 373 21 formed form VBN 43297 373 22 by by IN 43297 373 23 the the DT 43297 373 24 fusion fusion NN 43297 373 25 of of IN 43297 373 26 some some DT 43297 373 27 of of IN 43297 373 28 the the DT 43297 373 29 mineral mineral NN 43297 373 30 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 373 31 of of IN 43297 373 32 the the DT 43297 373 33 original original JJ 43297 373 34 substance substance NN 43297 373 35 . . . 43297 374 1 The the DT 43297 374 2 silicates silicate NNS 43297 374 3 formed form VBN 43297 374 4 are be VBP 43297 374 5 , , , 43297 374 6 therefore therefore RB 43297 374 7 , , , 43297 374 8 in in IN 43297 374 9 a a DT 43297 374 10 condition condition NN 43297 374 11 of of IN 43297 374 12 solid solid JJ 43297 374 13 , , , 43297 374 14 super super JJ 43297 374 15 - - JJ 43297 374 16 cooled cooled JJ 43297 374 17 solution solution NN 43297 374 18 in in IN 43297 374 19 which which WDT 43297 374 20 the the DT 43297 374 21 tendency tendency NN 43297 374 22 to to TO 43297 374 23 crystallize crystallize VB 43297 374 24 is be VBZ 43297 374 25 restrained restrain VBN 43297 374 26 by by IN 43297 374 27 viscosity viscosity NN 43297 374 28 . . . 43297 375 1 On on IN 43297 375 2 raising raise VBG 43297 375 3 the the DT 43297 375 4 temperature temperature NN 43297 375 5 of of IN 43297 375 6 firing firing NN 43297 375 7 or or CC 43297 375 8 on on IN 43297 375 9 prolonging prolong VBG 43297 375 10 the the DT 43297 375 11 heating heating NN 43297 375 12 at at IN 43297 375 13 the the DT 43297 375 14 previous previous JJ 43297 375 15 maximum maximum NN 43297 375 16 temperature temperature NN 43297 375 17 the the DT 43297 375 18 viscosity viscosity NN 43297 375 19 of of IN 43297 375 20 the the DT 43297 375 21 fused fuse VBN 43297 375 22 portion portion NN 43297 375 23 is be VBZ 43297 375 24 diminished diminish VBN 43297 375 25 and and CC 43297 375 26 crystallization crystallization NN 43297 375 27 may may MD 43297 375 28 then then RB 43297 375 29 occur occur VB 43297 375 30 . . . 43297 376 1 The the DT 43297 376 2 facility facility NN 43297 376 3 with with IN 43297 376 4 which which WDT 43297 376 5 crystallization crystallization NN 43297 376 6 occurs occur VBZ 43297 376 7 varies vary VBZ 43297 376 8 greatly greatly RB 43297 376 9 with with IN 43297 376 10 the the DT 43297 376 11 composition composition NN 43297 376 12 of of IN 43297 376 13 the the DT 43297 376 14 fused fuse VBN 43297 376 15 material material NN 43297 376 16 , , , 43297 376 17 those those DT 43297 376 18 silicates silicate NNS 43297 376 19 which which WDT 43297 376 20 are be VBP 43297 376 21 rich rich JJ 43297 376 22 in in IN 43297 376 23 lime lime NN 43297 376 24 and and CC 43297 376 25 magnesia magnesia NN 43297 376 26 crystallizing crystallize VBG 43297 376 27 more more RBR 43297 376 28 readily readily RB 43297 376 29 than than IN 43297 376 30 those those DT 43297 376 31 containing contain VBG 43297 376 32 potash potash NN 43297 376 33 or or CC 43297 376 34 soda soda NN 43297 376 35 . . . 43297 377 1 Vogt Vogt NNP 43297 377 2 has have VBZ 43297 377 3 stated state VBN 43297 377 4 that that IN 43297 377 5 small small JJ 43297 377 6 quantities quantity NNS 43297 377 7 of of IN 43297 377 8 alumina alumina NNP 43297 377 9 promote promote VBP 43297 377 10 the the DT 43297 377 11 formation formation NN 43297 377 12 of of IN 43297 377 13 a a DT 43297 377 14 glassy glassy JJ 43297 377 15 structure structure NN 43297 377 16 , , , 43297 377 17 and and CC 43297 377 18 Morozewicz Morozewicz NNP 43297 377 19 has have VBZ 43297 377 20 shown show VBN 43297 377 21 that that IN 43297 377 22 a a DT 43297 377 23 large large JJ 43297 377 24 excess excess NN 43297 377 25 of of IN 43297 377 26 this this DT 43297 377 27 substance substance NN 43297 377 28 must must MD 43297 377 29 be be VB 43297 377 30 present present JJ 43297 377 31 if if IN 43297 377 32 crystallization crystallization NN 43297 377 33 is be VBZ 43297 377 34 to to TO 43297 377 35 occur occur VB 43297 377 36 . . . 43297 378 1 The the DT 43297 378 2 study study NN 43297 378 3 of of IN 43297 378 4 the the DT 43297 378 5 reactions reaction NNS 43297 378 6 which which WDT 43297 378 7 occur occur VBP 43297 378 8 when when WRB 43297 378 9 clays clay NNS 43297 378 10 are be VBP 43297 378 11 heated heat VBN 43297 378 12 is be VBZ 43297 378 13 , , , 43297 378 14 however however RB 43297 378 15 , , , 43297 378 16 extremely extremely RB 43297 378 17 complex complex JJ 43297 378 18 , , , 43297 378 19 not not RB 43297 378 20 only only RB 43297 378 21 on on IN 43297 378 22 account account NN 43297 378 23 of of IN 43297 378 24 the the DT 43297 378 25 variety variety NN 43297 378 26 of of IN 43297 378 27 substances substance NNS 43297 378 28 present present JJ 43297 378 29 , , , 43297 378 30 but but CC 43297 378 31 also also RB 43297 378 32 on on IN 43297 378 33 account account NN 43297 378 34 of of IN 43297 378 35 the the DT 43297 378 36 high high JJ 43297 378 37 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 378 38 at at IN 43297 378 39 which which WDT 43297 378 40 it -PRON- PRP 43297 378 41 is be VBZ 43297 378 42 necessary necessary JJ 43297 378 43 to to TO 43297 378 44 work work VB 43297 378 45 , , , 43297 378 46 so so IN 43297 378 47 that that IN 43297 378 48 for for IN 43297 378 49 a a DT 43297 378 50 further further JJ 43297 378 51 consideration consideration NN 43297 378 52 of of IN 43297 378 53 it -PRON- PRP 43297 378 54 the the DT 43297 378 55 reader reader NN 43297 378 56 should should MD 43297 378 57 consult consult VB 43297 378 58 special special JJ 43297 378 59 treatises treatise NNS 43297 378 60 on on IN 43297 378 61 the the DT 43297 378 62 fusion fusion NN 43297 378 63 of of IN 43297 378 64 silicates silicate NNS 43297 378 65 . . . 43297 379 1 This this DT 43297 379 2 subject subject NN 43297 379 3 has have VBZ 43297 379 4 now now RB 43297 379 5 become become VBN 43297 379 6 an an DT 43297 379 7 important important JJ 43297 379 8 branch branch NN 43297 379 9 of of IN 43297 379 10 physical physical JJ 43297 379 11 chemistry chemistry NN 43297 379 12 . . . 43297 380 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 43297 380 2 II II NNP 43297 380 3 CLAY clay NN 43297 380 4 AND and CC 43297 380 5 ASSOCIATED ASSOCIATED NNP 43297 380 6 ROCKS ROCKS NNP 43297 380 7 Clay Clay NNP 43297 380 8 , , , 43297 380 9 as as IN 43297 380 10 already already RB 43297 380 11 mentioned mention VBN 43297 380 12 , , , 43297 380 13 is be VBZ 43297 380 14 geologically geologically RB 43297 380 15 a a DT 43297 380 16 rock rock NN 43297 380 17 and and CC 43297 380 18 not not RB 43297 380 19 a a DT 43297 380 20 mineral mineral NN 43297 380 21 , , , 43297 380 22 and and CC 43297 380 23 belongs belong VBZ 43297 380 24 to to IN 43297 380 25 the the DT 43297 380 26 important important JJ 43297 380 27 group group NN 43297 380 28 of of IN 43297 380 29 sedimentary sedimentary JJ 43297 380 30 rocks rock NNS 43297 380 31 which which WDT 43297 380 32 have have VBP 43297 380 33 been be VBN 43297 380 34 derived derive VBN 43297 380 35 from from IN 43297 380 36 the the DT 43297 380 37 igneous igneous JJ 43297 380 38 or or CC 43297 380 39 primary primary JJ 43297 380 40 ones one NNS 43297 380 41 by by IN 43297 380 42 processes process NNS 43297 380 43 of of IN 43297 380 44 weathering weathering NN 43297 380 45 , , , 43297 380 46 suspension suspension NN 43297 380 47 in in IN 43297 380 48 water water NN 43297 380 49 and and CC 43297 380 50 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 380 51 deposition deposition NN 43297 380 52 or or CC 43297 380 53 sedimentation sedimentation NN 43297 380 54 . . . 43297 381 1 Whatever whatever WDT 43297 381 2 may may MD 43297 381 3 be be VB 43297 381 4 the the DT 43297 381 5 primary primary JJ 43297 381 6 origin origin NN 43297 381 7 of of IN 43297 381 8 clay clay NN 43297 381 9 , , , 43297 381 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 381 11 chief chief JJ 43297 381 12 occurrence occurrence NN 43297 381 13 is be VBZ 43297 381 14 in in IN 43297 381 15 geological geological JJ 43297 381 16 formations formation NNS 43297 381 17 which which WDT 43297 381 18 have have VBP 43297 381 19 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 43297 381 20 been be VBN 43297 381 21 formed form VBN 43297 381 22 by by IN 43297 381 23 aqueous aqueous JJ 43297 381 24 action action NN 43297 381 25 . . . 43297 382 1 The the DT 43297 382 2 materials material NNS 43297 382 3 resulting result VBG 43297 382 4 from from IN 43297 382 5 the the DT 43297 382 6 exposure exposure NN 43297 382 7 of of IN 43297 382 8 primary primary JJ 43297 382 9 rocks rock NNS 43297 382 10 to to IN 43297 382 11 the the DT 43297 382 12 action action NN 43297 382 13 of of IN 43297 382 14 the the DT 43297 382 15 elements element NNS 43297 382 16 have have VBP 43297 382 17 been be VBN 43297 382 18 carried carry VBN 43297 382 19 away away RP 43297 382 20 by by IN 43297 382 21 water water NN 43297 382 22 -- -- : 43297 382 23 often often RB 43297 382 24 for for IN 43297 382 25 long long JJ 43297 382 26 distances distance NNS 43297 382 27 -- -- : 43297 382 28 and and CC 43297 382 29 after after IN 43297 382 30 undergoing undergo VBG 43297 382 31 various various JJ 43297 382 32 purifications purification NNS 43297 382 33 have have VBP 43297 382 34 been be VBN 43297 382 35 deposited deposit VBN 43297 382 36 where where WRB 43297 382 37 the the DT 43297 382 38 speed speed NN 43297 382 39 of of IN 43297 382 40 the the DT 43297 382 41 water water NN 43297 382 42 has have VBZ 43297 382 43 been be VBN 43297 382 44 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 382 45 reduced reduce VBN 43297 382 46 . . . 43297 383 1 In in IN 43297 383 2 some some DT 43297 383 3 cases case NNS 43297 383 4 they -PRON- PRP 43297 383 5 have have VBP 43297 383 6 again again RB 43297 383 7 been be VBN 43297 383 8 transported transport VBN 43297 383 9 and and CC 43297 383 10 re re VBN 43297 383 11 - - VBN 43297 383 12 deposited deposit VBN 43297 383 13 and and CC 43297 383 14 not not RB 43297 383 15 infrequently infrequently RB 43297 383 16 clay clay NN 43297 383 17 deposits deposit NNS 43297 383 18 are be VBP 43297 383 19 found find VBN 43297 383 20 which which WDT 43297 383 21 show show VBP 43297 383 22 signs sign NNS 43297 383 23 of of IN 43297 383 24 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 383 25 immersion immersion NN 43297 383 26 at at IN 43297 383 27 considerable considerable JJ 43297 383 28 depths depth NNS 43297 383 29 and and CC 43297 383 30 have have VBP 43297 383 31 every every DT 43297 383 32 appearance appearance NN 43297 383 33 of of IN 43297 383 34 having have VBG 43297 383 35 been be VBN 43297 383 36 subjected subject VBN 43297 383 37 to to IN 43297 383 38 enormous enormous JJ 43297 383 39 pressures pressure NNS 43297 383 40 and and CC 43297 383 41 possibly possibly RB 43297 383 42 to to IN 43297 383 43 high high JJ 43297 383 44 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 383 45 . . . 43297 384 1 Some some DT 43297 384 2 clays clay NNS 43297 384 3 have have VBP 43297 384 4 only only RB 43297 384 5 been be VBN 43297 384 6 carried carry VBN 43297 384 7 by by IN 43297 384 8 small small JJ 43297 384 9 streams stream NNS 43297 384 10 and and CC 43297 384 11 for for IN 43297 384 12 short short JJ 43297 384 13 distances distance NNS 43297 384 14 ; ; : 43297 384 15 these these DT 43297 384 16 are be VBP 43297 384 17 seldom seldom RB 43297 384 18 highly highly RB 43297 384 19 plastic plastic JJ 43297 384 20 and and CC 43297 384 21 resemble resemble VB 43297 384 22 the the DT 43297 384 23 lean lean JJ 43297 384 24 china china NNP 43297 384 25 clays clay NNS 43297 384 26 and and CC 43297 384 27 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 384 28 . . . 43297 385 1 Others other NNS 43297 385 2 have have VBP 43297 385 3 been be VBN 43297 385 4 carried carry VBN 43297 385 5 by by IN 43297 385 6 rapidly rapidly RB 43297 385 7 moving move VBG 43297 385 8 rivers river NNS 43297 385 9 and and CC 43297 385 10 have have VBP 43297 385 11 been be VBN 43297 385 12 discharged discharge VBN 43297 385 13 into into IN 43297 385 14 lakes lake NNS 43297 385 15 or or CC 43297 385 16 into into IN 43297 385 17 the the DT 43297 385 18 sea sea NN 43297 385 19 ; ; : 43297 385 20 they -PRON- PRP 43297 385 21 have have VBP 43297 385 22 thus thus RB 43297 385 23 undergone undergo VBN 43297 385 24 a a DT 43297 385 25 process process NN 43297 385 26 of of IN 43297 385 27 gradual gradual JJ 43297 385 28 purification purification NN 43297 385 29 by by IN 43297 385 30 elutriation elutriation NN 43297 385 31 , , , 43297 385 32 the the DT 43297 385 33 sand sand NN 43297 385 34 and and CC 43297 385 35 other other JJ 43297 385 36 heavier heavy JJR 43297 385 37 particles particle NNS 43297 385 38 being be VBG 43297 385 39 first first RB 43297 385 40 deposited deposit VBN 43297 385 41 and and CC 43297 385 42 the the DT 43297 385 43 far far RB 43297 385 44 smaller small JJR 43297 385 45 particles particle NNS 43297 385 46 of of IN 43297 385 47 clay clay NN 43297 385 48 being be VBG 43297 385 49 carried carry VBN 43297 385 50 a a DT 43297 385 51 greater great JJR 43297 385 52 distance distance NN 43297 385 53 towards towards IN 43297 385 54 the the DT 43297 385 55 centre centre NN 43297 385 56 of of IN 43297 385 57 the the DT 43297 385 58 lake lake NN 43297 385 59 or or CC 43297 385 60 the the DT 43297 385 61 quieter quieter NN 43297 385 62 portions portion NNS 43297 385 63 of of IN 43297 385 64 the the DT 43297 385 65 ocean ocean NN 43297 385 66 . . . 43297 386 1 The the DT 43297 386 2 nature nature NN 43297 386 3 of of IN 43297 386 4 such such JJ 43297 386 5 deposits deposit NNS 43297 386 6 will will MD 43297 386 7 , , , 43297 386 8 naturally naturally RB 43297 386 9 , , , 43297 386 10 differ differ VB 43297 386 11 greatly greatly RB 43297 386 12 from from IN 43297 386 13 each each DT 43297 386 14 other other JJ 43297 386 15 , , , 43297 386 16 the the DT 43297 386 17 materials material NNS 43297 386 18 at at IN 43297 386 19 first first RB 43297 386 20 associated associate VBN 43297 386 21 with with IN 43297 386 22 the the DT 43297 386 23 clay clay NN 43297 386 24 , , , 43297 386 25 or or CC 43297 386 26 becoming become VBG 43297 386 27 mixed mixed JJ 43297 386 28 with with IN 43297 386 29 it -PRON- PRP 43297 386 30 at at IN 43297 386 31 a a DT 43297 386 32 later later JJ 43297 386 33 stage stage NN 43297 386 34 , , , 43297 386 35 exercising exercise VBG 43297 386 36 an an DT 43297 386 37 important important JJ 43297 386 38 influence influence NN 43297 386 39 on on IN 43297 386 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 386 41 texture texture NN 43297 386 42 , , , 43297 386 43 composition composition NN 43297 386 44 and and CC 43297 386 45 properties property NNS 43297 386 46 . . . 43297 387 1 If if IN 43297 387 2 the the DT 43297 387 3 transporting transport VBG 43297 387 4 stream stream NN 43297 387 5 flows flow VBZ 43297 387 6 through through IN 43297 387 7 valleys valley NNS 43297 387 8 whose whose WP$ 43297 387 9 sides side NNS 43297 387 10 are be VBP 43297 387 11 formed form VBN 43297 387 12 of of IN 43297 387 13 limestone limestone NN 43297 387 14 , , , 43297 387 15 chalk chalk NN 43297 387 16 , , , 43297 387 17 sandstone sandstone NN 43297 387 18 or or CC 43297 387 19 other other JJ 43297 387 20 materials material NNS 43297 387 21 , , , 43297 387 22 these these DT 43297 387 23 will will MD 43297 387 24 become become VB 43297 387 25 mixed mixed JJ 43297 387 26 with with IN 43297 387 27 the the DT 43297 387 28 clay clay NN 43297 387 29 , , , 43297 387 30 and and CC 43297 387 31 to to TO 43297 387 32 so so RB 43297 387 33 great great JJ 43297 387 34 an an DT 43297 387 35 extent extent NN 43297 387 36 has have VBZ 43297 387 37 the the DT 43297 387 38 mixing mixing NN 43297 387 39 occurred occur VBD 43297 387 40 that that IN 43297 387 41 very very RB 43297 387 42 few few JJ 43297 387 43 clays clay NNS 43297 387 44 occur occur VBP 43297 387 45 in in IN 43297 387 46 a a DT 43297 387 47 state state NN 43297 387 48 even even RB 43297 387 49 approximating approximate VBG 43297 387 50 to to IN 43297 387 51 purity purity NN 43297 387 52 . . . 43297 388 1 The the DT 43297 388 2 majority majority NN 43297 388 3 of of IN 43297 388 4 clays clay NNS 43297 388 5 are be VBP 43297 388 6 contaminated contaminate VBN 43297 388 7 with with IN 43297 388 8 iron iron NN 43297 388 9 oxide oxide NN 43297 388 10 , , , 43297 388 11 lime lime NN 43297 388 12 compounds compound NNS 43297 388 13 and and CC 43297 388 14 free free JJ 43297 388 15 silica silica NN 43297 388 16 in in IN 43297 388 17 such such PDT 43297 388 18 a a DT 43297 388 19 fine fine JJ 43297 388 20 state state NN 43297 388 21 of of IN 43297 388 22 division division NN 43297 388 23 that that IN 43297 388 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 388 25 is be VBZ 43297 388 26 impossible impossible JJ 43297 388 27 to to TO 43297 388 28 purify purify VB 43297 388 29 them -PRON- PRP 43297 388 30 completely completely RB 43297 388 31 without without IN 43297 388 32 destroying destroy VBG 43297 388 33 the the DT 43297 388 34 nature nature NN 43297 388 35 of of IN 43297 388 36 the the DT 43297 388 37 clay clay NN 43297 388 38 . . . 43297 389 1 In in IN 43297 389 2 addition addition NN 43297 389 3 to to IN 43297 389 4 this this DT 43297 389 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 389 6 must must MD 43297 389 7 be be VB 43297 389 8 remembered remember VBN 43297 389 9 that that IN 43297 389 10 the the DT 43297 389 11 land land NN 43297 389 12 is be VBZ 43297 389 13 continually continually RB 43297 389 14 rising rise VBG 43297 389 15 or or CC 43297 389 16 sinking sink VBG 43297 389 17 owing owing NN 43297 389 18 to to IN 43297 389 19 internal internal JJ 43297 389 20 changes change NNS 43297 389 21 in in IN 43297 389 22 the the DT 43297 389 23 interior interior NN 43297 389 24 of of IN 43297 389 25 the the DT 43297 389 26 earth earth NN 43297 389 27 , , , 43297 389 28 and and CC 43297 389 29 that that IN 43297 389 30 these these DT 43297 389 31 subterranean subterranean JJ 43297 389 32 changes change NNS 43297 389 33 bring bring VBP 43297 389 34 about about RP 43297 389 35 tilting tilting NN 43297 389 36 , , , 43297 389 37 folding folding NN 43297 389 38 , , , 43297 389 39 overturning overturning NN 43297 389 40 and and CC 43297 389 41 other other JJ 43297 389 42 secondary secondary JJ 43297 389 43 changes change NNS 43297 389 44 , , , 43297 389 45 which which WDT 43297 389 46 , , , 43297 389 47 later later RB 43297 389 48 , , , 43297 389 49 cause cause VB 43297 389 50 a a DT 43297 389 51 fresh fresh JJ 43297 389 52 set set NN 43297 389 53 of of IN 43297 389 54 materials material NNS 43297 389 55 to to TO 43297 389 56 be be VB 43297 389 57 mixed mix VBN 43297 389 58 with with IN 43297 389 59 the the DT 43297 389 60 clays clay NNS 43297 389 61 . . . 43297 390 1 Further further RB 43297 390 2 than than IN 43297 390 3 this this DT 43297 390 4 , , , 43297 390 5 the the DT 43297 390 6 action action NN 43297 390 7 of of IN 43297 390 8 the the DT 43297 390 9 weather weather NN 43297 390 10 , , , 43297 390 11 of of IN 43297 390 12 rivers river NNS 43297 390 13 and and CC 43297 390 14 of of IN 43297 390 15 the the DT 43297 390 16 sea sea NN 43297 390 17 never never RB 43297 390 18 ceases cease VBZ 43297 390 19 , , , 43297 390 20 so so IN 43297 390 21 that that IN 43297 390 22 a a DT 43297 390 23 process process NN 43297 390 24 of of IN 43297 390 25 re re NN 43297 390 26 - - JJ 43297 390 27 mixing mixing JJ 43297 390 28 and and CC 43297 390 29 re re NN 43297 390 30 - - JJ 43297 390 31 sorting sorting NN 43297 390 32 of of IN 43297 390 33 materials material NNS 43297 390 34 is be VBZ 43297 390 35 continuously continuously RB 43297 390 36 taking take VBG 43297 390 37 place place NN 43297 390 38 , , , 43297 390 39 and and CC 43297 390 40 has have VBZ 43297 390 41 been be VBN 43297 390 42 doing do VBG 43297 390 43 so so RB 43297 390 44 for for IN 43297 390 45 countless countless JJ 43297 390 46 ages age NNS 43297 390 47 . . . 43297 391 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 391 2 is be VBZ 43297 391 3 , , , 43297 391 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 391 5 , , , 43297 391 6 a a DT 43297 391 7 legitimate legitimate JJ 43297 391 8 cause cause NN 43297 391 9 for for IN 43297 391 10 wonder wonder NN 43297 391 11 that that IN 43297 391 12 such such JJ 43297 391 13 enormous enormous JJ 43297 391 14 deposits deposit NNS 43297 391 15 of of IN 43297 391 16 clays clay NNS 43297 391 17 of of IN 43297 391 18 so so RB 43297 391 19 uniform uniform VB 43297 391 20 a a DT 43297 391 21 character character NN 43297 391 22 should should MD 43297 391 23 occur occur VB 43297 391 24 throughout throughout IN 43297 391 25 the the DT 43297 391 26 length length NN 43297 391 27 and and CC 43297 391 28 breadth breadth NN 43297 391 29 of of IN 43297 391 30 Europe Europe NNP 43297 391 31 , , , 43297 391 32 and and CC 43297 391 33 practically practically RB 43297 391 34 throughout throughout IN 43297 391 35 the the DT 43297 391 36 world world NN 43297 391 37 . . . 43297 392 1 For for IN 43297 392 2 although although IN 43297 392 3 the the DT 43297 392 4 composition composition NN 43297 392 5 of of IN 43297 392 6 many many JJ 43297 392 7 of of IN 43297 392 8 these these DT 43297 392 9 beds bed NNS 43297 392 10 is be VBZ 43297 392 11 of of IN 43297 392 12 a a DT 43297 392 13 most most RBS 43297 392 14 highly highly RB 43297 392 15 complex complex JJ 43297 392 16 nature nature NN 43297 392 17 , , , 43297 392 18 the the DT 43297 392 19 general general JJ 43297 392 20 properties property NNS 43297 392 21 such such JJ 43297 392 22 as as IN 43297 392 23 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 392 24 , , , 43297 392 25 behaviour behaviour VB 43297 392 26 on on IN 43297 392 27 heating heating NN 43297 392 28 , , , 43297 392 29 etc etc FW 43297 392 30 . . FW 43297 392 31 , , , 43297 392 32 remain remain VBP 43297 392 33 remarkably remarkably RB 43297 392 34 constant constant JJ 43297 392 35 over over IN 43297 392 36 large large JJ 43297 392 37 areas area NNS 43297 392 38 of of IN 43297 392 39 country country NN 43297 392 40 , , , 43297 392 41 and and CC 43297 392 42 the the DT 43297 392 43 clays clay NNS 43297 392 44 of of IN 43297 392 45 each each DT 43297 392 46 geological geological JJ 43297 392 47 formation formation NN 43297 392 48 are be VBP 43297 392 49 so so RB 43297 392 50 much much RB 43297 392 51 alike alike RB 43297 392 52 in in IN 43297 392 53 different different JJ 43297 392 54 parts part NNS 43297 392 55 of of IN 43297 392 56 the the DT 43297 392 57 world world NN 43297 392 58 as as IN 43297 392 59 to to TO 43297 392 60 be be VB 43297 392 61 readily readily RB 43297 392 62 recognized recognize VBN 43297 392 63 by by IN 43297 392 64 anyone anyone NN 43297 392 65 familiar familiar JJ 43297 392 66 with with IN 43297 392 67 the the DT 43297 392 68 material material NN 43297 392 69 of of IN 43297 392 70 the the DT 43297 392 71 same same JJ 43297 392 72 formations formation NNS 43297 392 73 in in IN 43297 392 74 this this DT 43297 392 75 country country NN 43297 392 76 . . . 43297 393 1 Considerable considerable JJ 43297 393 2 differences difference NNS 43297 393 3 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 43297 393 4 exist exist VBP 43297 393 5 , , , 43297 393 6 but but CC 43297 393 7 these these DT 43297 393 8 are be VBP 43297 393 9 insignificant insignificant JJ 43297 393 10 in in IN 43297 393 11 comparison comparison NN 43297 393 12 with with IN 43297 393 13 the the DT 43297 393 14 vastly vastly RB 43297 393 15 different different JJ 43297 393 16 circumstances circumstance NNS 43297 393 17 under under IN 43297 393 18 which which WDT 43297 393 19 the the DT 43297 393 20 deposits deposit NNS 43297 393 21 were be VBD 43297 393 22 accumulated accumulate VBN 43297 393 23 . . . 43297 394 1 Leaving leave VBG 43297 394 2 the the DT 43297 394 3 consideration consideration NN 43297 394 4 of of IN 43297 394 5 the the DT 43297 394 6 modes mode NNS 43297 394 7 of of IN 43297 394 8 formation formation NN 43297 394 9 of of IN 43297 394 10 the the DT 43297 394 11 various various JJ 43297 394 12 clay clay NN 43297 394 13 deposits deposit NNS 43297 394 14 to to IN 43297 394 15 later later JJ 43297 394 16 chapters chapter NNS 43297 394 17 ( ( -LRB- 43297 394 18 III III NNP 43297 394 19 and and CC 43297 394 20 IV IV NNP 43297 394 21 ) ) -RRB- 43297 394 22 , , , 43297 394 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 394 24 is be VBZ 43297 394 25 convenient convenient JJ 43297 394 26 here here RB 43297 394 27 to to TO 43297 394 28 enumerate enumerate VB 43297 394 29 some some DT 43297 394 30 of of IN 43297 394 31 the the DT 43297 394 32 chief chief JJ 43297 394 33 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 394 34 of of IN 43297 394 35 the the DT 43297 394 36 different different JJ 43297 394 37 clay clay NN 43297 394 38 deposits deposit NNS 43297 394 39 and and CC 43297 394 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 394 41 associated associate VBN 43297 394 42 rocks rock NNS 43297 394 43 . . . 43297 395 1 In in IN 43297 395 2 this this DT 43297 395 3 connection connection NN 43297 395 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 395 5 is be VBZ 43297 395 6 not not RB 43297 395 7 proposed propose VBN 43297 395 8 to to TO 43297 395 9 enter enter VB 43297 395 10 into into IN 43297 395 11 minute minute JJ 43297 395 12 details detail NNS 43297 395 13 , , , 43297 395 14 but but CC 43297 395 15 rather rather RB 43297 395 16 to to TO 43297 395 17 indicate indicate VB 43297 395 18 in in IN 43297 395 19 broad broad JJ 43297 395 20 outline outline NN 43297 395 21 the the DT 43297 395 22 chief chief JJ 43297 395 23 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 395 24 of of IN 43297 395 25 the the DT 43297 395 26 clays clay NNS 43297 395 27 from from IN 43297 395 28 the the DT 43297 395 29 different different JJ 43297 395 30 deposits deposit NNS 43297 395 31 . . . 43297 396 1 This this DT 43297 396 2 general general JJ 43297 396 3 view view NN 43297 396 4 is be VBZ 43297 396 5 the the DT 43297 396 6 more more RBR 43297 396 7 necessary necessary JJ 43297 396 8 as as IN 43297 396 9 clay clay NN 43297 396 10 occurs occur VBZ 43297 396 11 in in IN 43297 396 12 each each DT 43297 396 13 main main JJ 43297 396 14 geological geological JJ 43297 396 15 division division NN 43297 396 16 of of IN 43297 396 17 the the DT 43297 396 18 sedimentary sedimentary JJ 43297 396 19 rocks rock NNS 43297 396 20 and and CC 43297 396 21 in in IN 43297 396 22 almost almost RB 43297 396 23 every every DT 43297 396 24 sub sub NN 43297 396 25 - - NN 43297 396 26 division division NN 43297 396 27 in in IN 43297 396 28 various various JJ 43297 396 29 parts part NNS 43297 396 30 of of IN 43297 396 31 the the DT 43297 396 32 world world NN 43297 396 33 . . . 43297 397 1 The the DT 43297 397 2 = = SYM 43297 397 3 Precambrian Precambrian NNP 43297 397 4 , , , 43297 397 5 Cambrian cambrian JJ 43297 397 6 , , , 43297 397 7 Silurian silurian JJ 43297 397 8 and and CC 43297 397 9 Devonian= devonian= IN 43297 397 10 ' ' `` 43297 397 11 clays clay NNS 43297 397 12 ' ' '' 43297 397 13 are be VBP 43297 397 14 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 397 15 in in IN 43297 397 16 the the DT 43297 397 17 form form NN 43297 397 18 of of IN 43297 397 19 shales shale NNS 43297 397 20 or or CC 43297 397 21 slates slate NNS 43297 397 22 , , , 43297 397 23 the the DT 43297 397 24 latter latter JJ 43297 397 25 being be VBG 43297 397 26 clays clay NNS 43297 397 27 which which WDT 43297 397 28 have have VBP 43297 397 29 undergone undergo VBN 43297 397 30 a a DT 43297 397 31 metamorphic metamorphic JJ 43297 397 32 change change NN 43297 397 33 ; ; : 43297 397 34 the the DT 43297 397 35 latter latter NN 43297 397 36 resulted result VBD 43297 397 37 in in IN 43297 397 38 the the DT 43297 397 39 production production NN 43297 397 40 of of IN 43297 397 41 a a DT 43297 397 42 hard hard JJ 43297 397 43 and and CC 43297 397 44 partially partially RB 43297 397 45 crystalline crystalline JJ 43297 397 46 material material NN 43297 397 47 with with IN 43297 397 48 but but CC 43297 397 49 little little JJ 43297 397 50 potential potential JJ 43297 397 51 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 397 52 and and CC 43297 397 53 therefore therefore RB 43297 397 54 of of IN 43297 397 55 small small JJ 43297 397 56 importance importance NN 43297 397 57 for for IN 43297 397 58 the the DT 43297 397 59 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 397 60 purposes purpose NNS 43297 397 61 of of IN 43297 397 62 clay clay NN 43297 397 63 working working NN 43297 397 64 . . . 43297 398 1 _ _ NNP 43297 398 2 Slates Slates NNPS 43297 398 3 _ _ NNP 43297 398 4 are be VBP 43297 398 5 distinguished distinguish VBN 43297 398 6 from from IN 43297 398 7 shales shale NNS 43297 398 8 by by IN 43297 398 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 398 10 splitting splitting NN 43297 398 11 into into IN 43297 398 12 thin thin JJ 43297 398 13 leaves leave NNS 43297 398 14 which which WDT 43297 398 15 are be VBP 43297 398 16 not not RB 43297 398 17 in in IN 43297 398 18 the the DT 43297 398 19 plane plane NN 43297 398 20 of of IN 43297 398 21 original original JJ 43297 398 22 deposition deposition NN 43297 398 23 , , , 43297 398 24 but but CC 43297 398 25 are be VBP 43297 398 26 due due JJ 43297 398 27 to to IN 43297 398 28 the the DT 43297 398 29 deposited deposit VBN 43297 398 30 material material NN 43297 398 31 being be VBG 43297 398 32 subjected subject VBN 43297 398 33 to to IN 43297 398 34 great great JJ 43297 398 35 lateral lateral JJ 43297 398 36 pressure pressure NN 43297 398 37 . . . 43297 399 1 The the DT 43297 399 2 re re NN 43297 399 3 - - NN 43297 399 4 arrangement arrangement NN 43297 399 5 of of IN 43297 399 6 the the DT 43297 399 7 particles particle NNS 43297 399 8 thus thus RB 43297 399 9 produced produce VBD 43297 399 10 has have VBZ 43297 399 11 imparted impart VBN 43297 399 12 to to IN 43297 399 13 the the DT 43297 399 14 material material NN 43297 399 15 a a DT 43297 399 16 cleavage cleavage NN 43297 399 17 quite quite RB 43297 399 18 independent independent JJ 43297 399 19 of of IN 43297 399 20 the the DT 43297 399 21 original original JJ 43297 399 22 lamination lamination NN 43297 399 23 . . . 43297 400 1 The the DT 43297 400 2 shales shale NNS 43297 400 3 in in IN 43297 400 4 these these DT 43297 400 5 formations formation NNS 43297 400 6 are be VBP 43297 400 7 occasionally occasionally RB 43297 400 8 soft soft JJ 43297 400 9 and and CC 43297 400 10 friable friable JJ 43297 400 11 and and CC 43297 400 12 are be VBP 43297 400 13 then then RB 43297 400 14 termed term VBN 43297 400 15 _ _ NNP 43297 400 16 marls marls NNP 43297 400 17 _ _ NNP 43297 400 18 , , , 43297 400 19 but but CC 43297 400 20 this this DT 43297 400 21 name name NN 43297 400 22 is be VBZ 43297 400 23 misleading misleading JJ 43297 400 24 as as IN 43297 400 25 they -PRON- PRP 43297 400 26 contain contain VBP 43297 400 27 no no DT 43297 400 28 appreciable appreciable JJ 43297 400 29 proportion proportion NN 43297 400 30 of of IN 43297 400 31 finely finely RB 43297 400 32 divided divide VBN 43297 400 33 calcium calcium NN 43297 400 34 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 400 35 as as IN 43297 400 36 do do VBP 43297 400 37 the the DT 43297 400 38 true true JJ 43297 400 39 marls[8 marls[8 NNP 43297 400 40 ] ] -RRB- 43297 400 41 . . . 43297 401 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 401 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 401 3 8 8 CD 43297 401 4 : : : 43297 401 5 Readers reader NNS 43297 401 6 desiring desire VBG 43297 401 7 more more RBR 43297 401 8 detailed detailed JJ 43297 401 9 information information NN 43297 401 10 on on IN 43297 401 11 the the DT 43297 401 12 occurrence occurrence NN 43297 401 13 of of IN 43297 401 14 the the DT 43297 401 15 clays clay NNS 43297 401 16 mentioned mention VBN 43297 401 17 in in IN 43297 401 18 this this DT 43297 401 19 chapter chapter NN 43297 401 20 should should MD 43297 401 21 refer refer VB 43297 401 22 to to IN 43297 401 23 the the DT 43297 401 24 author author NN 43297 401 25 's 's POS 43297 401 26 _ _ NNP 43297 401 27 British British NNP 43297 401 28 Clays Clays NNP 43297 401 29 _ _ NNP 43297 401 30 ( ( -LRB- 43297 401 31 No no UH 43297 401 32 . . . 43297 402 1 2 2 CD 43297 402 2 in in IN 43297 402 3 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 43297 402 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 402 5 . . . 43297 402 6 ] ] -RRB- 43297 403 1 The the DT 43297 403 2 clays clay NNS 43297 403 3 in in IN 43297 403 4 the the DT 43297 403 5 = = -RRB- 43297 403 6 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 43297 403 7 Limestone= Limestone= NNS 43297 403 8 are be VBP 43297 403 9 not not RB 43297 403 10 , , , 43297 403 11 as as IN 43297 403 12 a a DT 43297 403 13 whole whole NN 43297 403 14 , , , 43297 403 15 of of IN 43297 403 16 much much JJ 43297 403 17 importance importance NN 43297 403 18 , , , 43297 403 19 but but CC 43297 403 20 the the DT 43297 403 21 occurrence occurrence NN 43297 403 22 in in IN 43297 403 23 this this DT 43297 403 24 formation formation NN 43297 403 25 of of IN 43297 403 26 pockets pocket NNS 43297 403 27 of of IN 43297 403 28 white white JJ 43297 403 29 refractory refractory JJ 43297 403 30 clays clay NNS 43297 403 31 in in IN 43297 403 32 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 403 33 , , , 43297 403 34 North North NNP 43297 403 35 Wales Wales NNP 43297 403 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 403 37 Mold Mold NNP 43297 403 38 ) ) -RRB- 43297 403 39 and and CC 43297 403 40 Derbyshire Derbyshire NNP 43297 403 41 is be VBZ 43297 403 42 interesting interesting JJ 43297 403 43 , , , 43297 403 44 especially especially RB 43297 403 45 as as IN 43297 403 46 these these DT 43297 403 47 are be VBP 43297 403 48 used use VBN 43297 403 49 for for IN 43297 403 50 the the DT 43297 403 51 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 403 52 of of IN 43297 403 53 firebricks firebrick NNS 43297 403 54 and and CC 43297 403 55 furnace furnace VB 43297 403 56 linings lining NNS 43297 403 57 . . . 43297 404 1 These these DT 43297 404 2 clays clay NNS 43297 404 3 are be VBP 43297 404 4 highly highly RB 43297 404 5 silicious silicious JJ 43297 404 6 and and CC 43297 404 7 in in IN 43297 404 8 composition composition NN 43297 404 9 are be VBP 43297 404 10 intermediate intermediate JJ 43297 404 11 between between IN 43297 404 12 the the DT 43297 404 13 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 43297 404 14 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 404 15 and and CC 43297 404 16 ganister ganister NN 43297 404 17 . . . 43297 405 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 405 2 origin origin NN 43297 405 3 is be VBZ 43297 405 4 uncertain uncertain JJ 43297 405 5 , , , 43297 405 6 but but CC 43297 405 7 it -PRON- PRP 43297 405 8 is be VBZ 43297 405 9 generally generally RB 43297 405 10 considered consider VBN 43297 405 11 that that IN 43297 405 12 they -PRON- PRP 43297 405 13 have have VBP 43297 405 14 been be VBN 43297 405 15 produced produce VBN 43297 405 16 by by IN 43297 405 17 the the DT 43297 405 18 action action NN 43297 405 19 of of IN 43297 405 20 the the DT 43297 405 21 weather weather NN 43297 405 22 and and CC 43297 405 23 streams stream VBZ 43297 405 24 on on IN 43297 405 25 the the DT 43297 405 26 shales shale NNS 43297 405 27 and and CC 43297 405 28 grits grit NNS 43297 405 29 of of IN 43297 405 30 the the DT 43297 405 31 Coal Coal NNP 43297 405 32 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 405 33 which which WDT 43297 405 34 formerly formerly RB 43297 405 35 occupied occupy VBD 43297 405 36 the the DT 43297 405 37 higher high JJR 43297 405 38 ground ground NN 43297 405 39 around around IN 43297 405 40 them -PRON- PRP 43297 405 41 , , , 43297 405 42 though though IN 43297 405 43 Maw Maw NNP 43297 405 44 ( ( -LRB- 43297 405 45 16 16 CD 43297 405 46 ) ) -RRB- 43297 405 47 states state VBZ 43297 405 48 that that IN 43297 405 49 ' ' `` 43297 405 50 it -PRON- PRP 43297 405 51 is be VBZ 43297 405 52 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 405 53 open open JJ 43297 405 54 to to IN 43297 405 55 question question NN 43297 405 56 that that IN 43297 405 57 they -PRON- PRP 43297 405 58 are be VBP 43297 405 59 the the DT 43297 405 60 remnants remnant NNS 43297 405 61 of of IN 43297 405 62 the the DT 43297 405 63 subaerial subaerial JJ 43297 405 64 dissolution dissolution NN 43297 405 65 of of IN 43297 405 66 the the DT 43297 405 67 limestone limestone NN 43297 405 68 ' ' '' 43297 405 69 ( ( -LRB- 43297 405 70 see see VB 43297 405 71 ' ' `` 43297 405 72 Fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 405 73 , , , 43297 405 74 ' ' '' 43297 405 75 Chapter chapter NN 43297 405 76 V V NNP 43297 405 77 ) ) -RRB- 43297 405 78 . . . 43297 406 1 In in IN 43297 406 2 the the DT 43297 406 3 = = SYM 43297 406 4 Upper Upper NNP 43297 406 5 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP 43297 406 6 System= System= VBZ 43297 406 7 the the DT 43297 406 8 clays clay NNS 43297 406 9 are be VBP 43297 406 10 highly highly RB 43297 406 11 important important JJ 43297 406 12 because because IN 43297 406 13 of of IN 43297 406 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 406 15 general general JJ 43297 406 16 refractory refractory JJ 43297 406 17 nature nature NN 43297 406 18 , , , 43297 406 19 though though IN 43297 406 20 they -PRON- PRP 43297 406 21 differ differ VBP 43297 406 22 greatly greatly RB 43297 406 23 in in IN 43297 406 24 this this DT 43297 406 25 respect respect NN 43297 406 26 , , , 43297 406 27 some some DT 43297 406 28 red red JJ 43297 406 29 - - HYPH 43297 406 30 burning burn VBG 43297 406 31 shales shale NNS 43297 406 32 of of IN 43297 406 33 this this DT 43297 406 34 formation formation NN 43297 406 35 having have VBG 43297 406 36 no no DT 43297 406 37 greater great JJR 43297 406 38 power power NN 43297 406 39 to to TO 43297 406 40 resist resist VB 43297 406 41 heat heat NN 43297 406 42 than than IN 43297 406 43 have have VB 43297 406 44 some some DT 43297 406 45 of of IN 43297 406 46 the the DT 43297 406 47 surface surface NN 43297 406 48 clays clay NNS 43297 406 49 . . . 43297 407 1 Those those DT 43297 407 2 of of IN 43297 407 3 the the DT 43297 407 4 Coal Coal NNP 43297 407 5 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 407 6 are be VBP 43297 407 7 of of IN 43297 407 8 two two CD 43297 407 9 main main JJ 43297 407 10 kinds kind NNS 43297 407 11 -- -- : 43297 407 12 shales shale NNS 43297 407 13 , , , 43297 407 14 or or CC 43297 407 15 laminated laminate VBN 43297 407 16 rocks rock NNS 43297 407 17 which which WDT 43297 407 18 readily readily RB 43297 407 19 split split VBD 43297 407 20 along along IN 43297 407 21 the the DT 43297 407 22 planes plane NNS 43297 407 23 of of IN 43297 407 24 deposition deposition NN 43297 407 25 , , , 43297 407 26 and and CC 43297 407 27 unstratified unstratified JJ 43297 407 28 underclays underclay NNS 43297 407 29 . . . 43297 408 1 The the DT 43297 408 2 _ _ NNP 43297 408 3 shales shale NNS 43297 408 4 _ _ NNP 43297 408 5 usually usually RB 43297 408 6 occur occur VBP 43297 408 7 above above IN 43297 408 8 the the DT 43297 408 9 seams seam NNS 43297 408 10 of of IN 43297 408 11 coal coal NN 43297 408 12 and and CC 43297 408 13 are be VBP 43297 408 14 either either DT 43297 408 15 of of IN 43297 408 16 lacustrine lacustrine NN 43297 408 17 or or CC 43297 408 18 marine marine JJ 43297 408 19 origin origin NN 43297 408 20 , , , 43297 408 21 differences difference NNS 43297 408 22 in in IN 43297 408 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 408 24 fossils fossil NNS 43297 408 25 and and CC 43297 408 26 lithological lithological JJ 43297 408 27 character character NN 43297 408 28 supporting support VBG 43297 408 29 one one CD 43297 408 30 origin origin NN 43297 408 31 for for IN 43297 408 32 some some DT 43297 408 33 deposits deposit NNS 43297 408 34 and and CC 43297 408 35 the the DT 43297 408 36 other other JJ 43297 408 37 for for IN 43297 408 38 the the DT 43297 408 39 remainder remainder NN 43297 408 40 . . . 43297 409 1 Some some DT 43297 409 2 of of IN 43297 409 3 them -PRON- PRP 43297 409 4 are be VBP 43297 409 5 fairly fairly RB 43297 409 6 uniform uniform JJ 43297 409 7 in in IN 43297 409 8 composition composition NN 43297 409 9 , , , 43297 409 10 but but CC 43297 409 11 others other NNS 43297 409 12 vary vary VBP 43297 409 13 so so RB 43297 409 14 greatly greatly RB 43297 409 15 in in IN 43297 409 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 409 17 physical physical JJ 43297 409 18 characters character NNS 43297 409 19 , , , 43297 409 20 that that IN 43297 409 21 they -PRON- PRP 43297 409 22 are be VBP 43297 409 23 divided divide VBN 43297 409 24 by by IN 43297 409 25 miners miner NNS 43297 409 26 into into IN 43297 409 27 ' ' `` 43297 409 28 binds bind NNS 43297 409 29 ' ' '' 43297 409 30 or or CC 43297 409 31 relatively relatively RB 43297 409 32 pure pure JJ 43297 409 33 shales shale NNS 43297 409 34 , , , 43297 409 35 ' ' '' 43297 409 36 rock rock NN 43297 409 37 - - HYPH 43297 409 38 binds bind NNS 43297 409 39 , , , 43297 409 40 ' ' '' 43297 409 41 or or CC 43297 409 42 sandy sandy JJ 43297 409 43 shales shale NNS 43297 409 44 , , , 43297 409 45 and and CC 43297 409 46 sandstones sandstone NNS 43297 409 47 . . . 43297 410 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 410 2 also also RB 43297 410 3 vary vary VBP 43297 410 4 greatly greatly RB 43297 410 5 in in IN 43297 410 6 thickness thickness NN 43297 410 7 in in IN 43297 410 8 different different JJ 43297 410 9 localities locality NNS 43297 410 10 , , , 43297 410 11 and and CC 43297 410 12 whilst whilst IN 43297 410 13 they -PRON- PRP 43297 410 14 form form VBP 43297 410 15 the the DT 43297 410 16 main main JJ 43297 410 17 feature feature NN 43297 410 18 in in IN 43297 410 19 some some DT 43297 410 20 districts district NNS 43297 410 21 , , , 43297 410 22 in in IN 43297 410 23 others other NNS 43297 410 24 they -PRON- PRP 43297 410 25 are be VBP 43297 410 26 replaced replace VBN 43297 410 27 by by IN 43297 410 28 sandstones sandstone NNS 43297 410 29 . . . 43297 411 1 The the DT 43297 411 2 _ _ NNP 43297 411 3 underclays underclay NNS 43297 411 4 _ _ NNP 43297 411 5 are be VBP 43297 411 6 so so RB 43297 411 7 called call VBN 43297 411 8 from from IN 43297 411 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 411 10 usually usually RB 43297 411 11 lying lie VBG 43297 411 12 beneath beneath IN 43297 411 13 the the DT 43297 411 14 coal coal NN 43297 411 15 seams seam VBZ 43297 411 16 . . . 43297 412 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 412 2 are be VBP 43297 412 3 not not RB 43297 412 4 noticeably noticeably RB 43297 412 5 stratified stratified JJ 43297 412 6 and and CC 43297 412 7 vary vary VBP 43297 412 8 greatly greatly RB 43297 412 9 in in IN 43297 412 10 character character NN 43297 412 11 from from IN 43297 412 12 soft soft JJ 43297 412 13 unctuous unctuous JJ 43297 412 14 materials material NNS 43297 412 15 to to IN 43297 412 16 hard hard JJ 43297 412 17 , , , 43297 412 18 sandy sandy JJ 43297 412 19 rocks rock NNS 43297 412 20 . . . 43297 413 1 In in IN 43297 413 2 composition composition NN 43297 413 3 they -PRON- PRP 43297 413 4 vary vary VBP 43297 413 5 enormously enormously RB 43297 413 6 , , , 43297 413 7 the the DT 43297 413 8 percentage percentage NN 43297 413 9 of of IN 43297 413 10 silica silica NN 43297 413 11 ranging range VBG 43297 413 12 from from IN 43297 413 13 50 50 CD 43297 413 14 per per NN 43297 413 15 cent cent NN 43297 413 16 . . . 43297 413 17 , , , 43297 413 18 or or CC 43297 413 19 less less RBR 43297 413 20 , , , 43297 413 21 to to IN 43297 413 22 as as RB 43297 413 23 high high JJ 43297 413 24 as as IN 43297 413 25 97 97 CD 43297 413 26 per per NN 43297 413 27 cent cent NN 43297 413 28 . . . 43297 414 1 The the DT 43297 414 2 mode mode NN 43297 414 3 of of IN 43297 414 4 formation formation NN 43297 414 5 of of IN 43297 414 6 the the DT 43297 414 7 underclays underclay NNS 43297 414 8 is be VBZ 43297 414 9 not not RB 43297 414 10 certainly certainly RB 43297 414 11 known know VBN 43297 414 12 . . . 43297 415 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 415 2 do do VBP 43297 415 3 not not RB 43297 415 4 appear appear VB 43297 415 5 to to TO 43297 415 6 be be VB 43297 415 7 soils soil NNS 43297 415 8 or or CC 43297 415 9 of of IN 43297 415 10 terrestrial terrestrial JJ 43297 415 11 origin origin NN 43297 415 12 , , , 43297 415 13 but but CC 43297 415 14 according accord VBG 43297 415 15 to to IN 43297 415 16 Arber Arber NNP 43297 415 17 ( ( -LRB- 43297 415 18 24 24 CD 43297 415 19 ) ) -RRB- 43297 415 20 correspond correspond VBP 43297 415 21 closely closely RB 43297 415 22 to to IN 43297 415 23 the the DT 43297 415 24 black black JJ 43297 415 25 oozes ooze NNS 43297 415 26 of of IN 43297 415 27 marine marine JJ 43297 415 28 and and CC 43297 415 29 semi semi JJ 43297 415 30 - - JJ 43297 415 31 marine marine JJ 43297 415 32 estuarine estuarine NN 43297 415 33 deposits deposit NNS 43297 415 34 of of IN 43297 415 35 tropical tropical JJ 43297 415 36 swamps swamp NNS 43297 415 37 , , , 43297 415 38 or or CC 43297 415 39 to to IN 43297 415 40 the the DT 43297 415 41 muds mud NNS 43297 415 42 surrounding surround VBG 43297 415 43 the the DT 43297 415 44 stumps stump NNS 43297 415 45 of of IN 43297 415 46 trees tree NNS 43297 415 47 in in IN 43297 415 48 the the DT 43297 415 49 buried bury VBN 43297 415 50 forests forest NNS 43297 415 51 of of IN 43297 415 52 our -PRON- PRP$ 43297 415 53 coast coast NN 43297 415 54 - - HYPH 43297 415 55 lines line NNS 43297 415 56 . . . 43297 416 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 416 2 thus thus RB 43297 416 3 appear appear VBP 43297 416 4 to to TO 43297 416 5 be be VB 43297 416 6 quite quite RB 43297 416 7 distinct distinct JJ 43297 416 8 from from IN 43297 416 9 the the DT 43297 416 10 shales shale NNS 43297 416 11 above above IN 43297 416 12 them -PRON- PRP 43297 416 13 , , , 43297 416 14 both both CC 43297 416 15 in in IN 43297 416 16 origin origin NN 43297 416 17 and and CC 43297 416 18 physical physical JJ 43297 416 19 characters character NNS 43297 416 20 . . . 43297 417 1 The the DT 43297 417 2 more more RBR 43297 417 3 silicious silicious JJ 43297 417 4 portions portion NNS 43297 417 5 , , , 43297 417 6 known know VBN 43297 417 7 as as IN 43297 417 8 _ _ NNP 43297 417 9 Ganister_[9 Ganister_[9 NNP 43297 417 10 ] ] -RRB- 43297 417 11 , , , 43297 417 12 possess possess VBP 43297 417 13 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 417 14 few few JJ 43297 417 15 of of IN 43297 417 16 the the DT 43297 417 17 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 417 18 of of IN 43297 417 19 clay clay NN 43297 417 20 though though IN 43297 417 21 used use VBN 43297 417 22 , , , 43297 417 23 like like IN 43297 417 24 all all PDT 43297 417 25 the the DT 43297 417 26 more more RBR 43297 417 27 refractory refractory JJ 43297 417 28 clays clay NNS 43297 417 29 of of IN 43297 417 30 the the DT 43297 417 31 Coal Coal NNP 43297 417 32 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 417 33 , , , 43297 417 34 for for IN 43297 417 35 all all DT 43297 417 36 purposes purpose NNS 43297 417 37 for for IN 43297 417 38 which which WDT 43297 417 39 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 417 40 is be VBZ 43297 417 41 employed employ VBN 43297 417 42 . . . 43297 418 1 The the DT 43297 418 2 term term NN 43297 418 3 _ _ NNP 43297 418 4 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 418 5 _ _ NNP 43297 418 6 is be VBZ 43297 418 7 , , , 43297 418 8 in in IN 43297 418 9 fact fact NN 43297 418 10 , , , 43297 418 11 frequently frequently RB 43297 418 12 applied apply VBD 43297 418 13 to to IN 43297 418 14 all all PDT 43297 418 15 the the DT 43297 418 16 refractory refractory JJ 43297 418 17 deposits deposit NNS 43297 418 18 in in IN 43297 418 19 the the DT 43297 418 20 Coal Coal NNP 43297 418 21 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 418 22 , , , 43297 418 23 without without IN 43297 418 24 much much JJ 43297 418 25 regard regard NN 43297 418 26 to to IN 43297 418 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 418 28 composition composition NN 43297 418 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 418 30 see see VB 43297 418 31 Chapter chapter NN 43297 418 32 V V NNP 43297 418 33 ) ) -RRB- 43297 418 34 . . . 43297 419 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 419 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 419 3 9 9 CD 43297 419 4 : : : 43297 419 5 The the DT 43297 419 6 Dinas Dinas NNP 43297 419 7 rock rock NN 43297 419 8 used use VBN 43297 419 9 in in IN 43297 419 10 the the DT 43297 419 11 Vale Vale NNP 43297 419 12 of of IN 43297 419 13 Neath Neath NNP 43297 419 14 ( ( -LRB- 43297 419 15 Wales Wales NNP 43297 419 16 ) ) -RRB- 43297 419 17 is be VBZ 43297 419 18 an an DT 43297 419 19 even even RB 43297 419 20 more more RBR 43297 419 21 silicious silicious JJ 43297 419 22 material material NN 43297 419 23 found find VBN 43297 419 24 in in IN 43297 419 25 the the DT 43297 419 26 Millstone Millstone NNP 43297 419 27 Grit Grit NNP 43297 419 28 immediately immediately RB 43297 419 29 below below IN 43297 419 30 the the DT 43297 419 31 Coal Coal NNP 43297 419 32 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 419 33 . . . 43297 420 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 420 2 is be VBZ 43297 420 3 largely largely RB 43297 420 4 employed employ VBN 43297 420 5 for for IN 43297 420 6 firebricks firebrick NNS 43297 420 7 . . . 43297 420 8 ] ] -RRB- 43297 421 1 Valuable Valuable NNP 43297 421 2 Coal Coal NNP 43297 421 3 Measure Measure NNP 43297 421 4 clays clay NNS 43297 421 5 occur occur VBP 43297 421 6 in in IN 43297 421 7 enormous enormous JJ 43297 421 8 quantities quantity NNS 43297 421 9 in in IN 43297 421 10 Northumberland Northumberland NNP 43297 421 11 , , , 43297 421 12 Durham Durham NNP 43297 421 13 , , , 43297 421 14 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 43297 421 15 , , , 43297 421 16 Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire NNP 43297 421 17 , , , 43297 421 18 Derbyshire Derbyshire NNP 43297 421 19 , , , 43297 421 20 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 421 21 , , , 43297 421 22 near near IN 43297 421 23 Stourbridge Stourbridge NNP 43297 421 24 , , , 43297 421 25 in in IN 43297 421 26 Warwickshire Warwickshire NNP 43297 421 27 , , , 43297 421 28 Shropshire Shropshire NNP 43297 421 29 , , , 43297 421 30 North North NNP 43297 421 31 and and CC 43297 421 32 South South NNP 43297 421 33 Wales Wales NNP 43297 421 34 and and CC 43297 421 35 South South NNP 43297 421 36 West West NNP 43297 421 37 Scotland Scotland NNP 43297 421 38 . . . 43297 422 1 In in IN 43297 422 2 Ireland Ireland NNP 43297 422 3 , , , 43297 422 4 on on IN 43297 422 5 the the DT 43297 422 6 contrary contrary NN 43297 422 7 , , , 43297 422 8 the the DT 43297 422 9 Coal Coal NNP 43297 422 10 Measure Measure NNP 43297 422 11 clays clay NNS 43297 422 12 are be VBP 43297 422 13 of of IN 43297 422 14 little little JJ 43297 422 15 value value NN 43297 422 16 except except IN 43297 422 17 in in IN 43297 422 18 the the DT 43297 422 19 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 43297 422 20 of of IN 43297 422 21 Coal Coal NNP 43297 422 22 Island Island NNP 43297 422 23 , , , 43297 422 24 co. co. NNP 43297 422 25 Tyrone Tyrone NNP 43297 422 26 . . . 43297 423 1 The the DT 43297 423 2 position position NN 43297 423 3 of of IN 43297 423 4 the the DT 43297 423 5 ' ' `` 43297 423 6 Sagger Sagger NNP 43297 423 7 Marls Marls NNP 43297 423 8 ' ' '' 43297 423 9 of of IN 43297 423 10 North North NNP 43297 423 11 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 423 12 ( ( -LRB- 43297 423 13 Keele Keele NNP 43297 423 14 Series Series NNP 43297 423 15 and and CC 43297 423 16 Etruria Etruria NNP 43297 423 17 Marls Marls NNP 43297 423 18 ) ) -RRB- 43297 423 19 , , , 43297 423 20 relative relative JJ 43297 423 21 to to IN 43297 423 22 the the DT 43297 423 23 ' ' `` 43297 423 24 Farewell Farewell NNP 43297 423 25 Rock Rock NNP 43297 423 26 ' ' '' 43297 423 27 or or CC 43297 423 28 Millstone Millstone NNP 43297 423 29 Grit Grit NNP 43297 423 30 , , , 43297 423 31 is be VBZ 43297 423 32 shown show VBN 43297 423 33 in in IN 43297 423 34 fig fig NN 43297 423 35 . . . 43297 424 1 8 8 CD 43297 424 2 in in IN 43297 424 3 which which WDT 43297 424 4 the the DT 43297 424 5 horizontal horizontal JJ 43297 424 6 lines line NNS 43297 424 7 represent represent VBP 43297 424 8 coal coal NN 43297 424 9 - - HYPH 43297 424 10 seams seam NNS 43297 424 11 and and CC 43297 424 12 ironstone ironstone NN 43297 424 13 veins vein NNS 43297 424 14 . . . 43297 425 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 425 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 425 3 : : : 43297 425 4 + + CC 43297 425 5 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NNP 43297 425 6 | | NNP 43297 425 7 _ _ NNP 43297 425 8 Keele Keele NNP 43297 425 9 Series Series NNP 43297 425 10 _ _ NNP 43297 425 11 | | NNP 43297 425 12 | | NNP 43297 425 13 | | CD 43297 425 14 + + CC 43297 425 15 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NN 43297 425 16 Newcastle Newcastle NNP 43297 425 17 | | NNP 43297 425 18 | | NNP 43297 425 19 + + CC 43297 425 20 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NNP 43297 425 21 Coal Coal NNP 43297 425 22 | | NNP 43297 425 23 | | NNP 43297 425 24 | | NNP 43297 425 25 | | CD 43297 425 26 | | NNP 43297 425 27 _ _ NNP 43297 425 28 Etruria Etruria NNP 43297 425 29 | | NNP 43297 425 30 | | NNP 43297 425 31 Marls Marls NNP 43297 425 32 _ _ NNP 43297 425 33 | | NNP 43297 425 34 | | NNP 43297 425 35 | | NNP 43297 425 36 Top Top NNP 43297 425 37 Red Red NNP 43297 425 38 Mine Mine NNP 43297 425 39 + + CC 43297 425 40 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NNP 43297 425 41 | | NNP 43297 425 42 | | NNP 43297 425 43 | | NNP 43297 425 44 | | NNP 43297 425 45 Gubbin Gubbin NNP 43297 425 46 Ironstone Ironstone NNP 43297 425 47 + + SYM 43297 425 48 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NNP 43297 425 49 | | NNP 43297 425 50 | | NNP 43297 425 51 | | CD 43297 425 52 | | CD 43297 425 53 | | CD 43297 425 54 | | CD 43297 425 55 | | CD 43297 425 56 | | CD 43297 425 57 + + NNS 43297 425 58 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NN 43297 425 59 Knowles Knowles NNP 43297 425 60 Coal Coal NNP 43297 425 61 | | NNP 43297 425 62 | | NNP 43297 425 63 | | CD 43297 425 64 | | CD 43297 425 65 Burnwood Burnwood NNP 43297 425 66 Ironstone ironstone NN 43297 425 67 + + SYM 43297 425 68 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NNP 43297 425 69 | | NNP 43297 425 70 | | NNP 43297 425 71 | | CD 43297 425 72 | | CD 43297 425 73 + + CC 43297 425 74 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ : 43297 425 75 Mossfield Mossfield NNP 43297 425 76 Coal Coal NNP 43297 425 77 + + SYM 43297 425 78 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NN 43297 425 79 5 5 CD 43297 425 80 ft ft NN 43297 425 81 . . . 43297 425 82 Coal Coal NNP 43297 425 83 | | NNP 43297 425 84 | | NNP 43297 425 85 | | CD 43297 425 86 | | CD 43297 425 87 | | CD 43297 425 88 | | CD 43297 425 89 | | CD 43297 425 90 | | CD 43297 425 91 + + CC 43297 425 92 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ . 43297 425 93 Hard hard JJ 43297 425 94 mine mine NN 43297 425 95 Coal Coal NNP 43297 425 96 | | NNP 43297 425 97 | | NNP 43297 425 98 | | CD 43297 425 99 | | CD 43297 425 100 + + CC 43297 425 101 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NN 43297 425 102 Cockshead Cockshead NNP 43297 425 103 Coal Coal NNP 43297 425 104 | | NNP 43297 425 105 | | NNP 43297 425 106 | | CD 43297 425 107 | | CD 43297 425 108 + + CC 43297 425 109 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NN 43297 425 110 Crabtree Crabtree NNP 43297 425 111 Coal Coal NNP 43297 425 112 + + SYM 43297 425 113 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NNP 43297 425 114 | | NNP 43297 425 115 _ _ NNP 43297 425 116 Millstone Millstone NNP 43297 425 117 Grit Grit NNP 43297 425 118 _ _ NNP 43297 425 119 | | NNP 43297 425 120 | | NNP 43297 425 121 | | CD 43297 425 122 + + CC 43297 425 123 ---------------------+ ---------------------+ NN 43297 425 124 Fig fig NN 43297 425 125 . . . 43297 426 1 8 8 LS 43297 426 2 . . . 43297 427 1 Coal coal NN 43297 427 2 Measures measure NNS 43297 427 3 sequence sequence NN 43297 427 4 in in IN 43297 427 5 North North NNP 43297 427 6 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 427 7 . . . 43297 427 8 ] ] -RRB- 43297 428 1 The the DT 43297 428 2 dissimilarities dissimilarity NNS 43297 428 3 in in IN 43297 428 4 the the DT 43297 428 5 fossils fossil NNS 43297 428 6 of of IN 43297 428 7 the the DT 43297 428 8 Coal Coal NNP 43297 428 9 Measure Measure NNP 43297 428 10 clays clay NNS 43297 428 11 and and CC 43297 428 12 shales shale NNS 43297 428 13 in in IN 43297 428 14 the the DT 43297 428 15 Northern northern JJ 43297 428 16 and and CC 43297 428 17 Southern Southern NNP 43297 428 18 Hemispheres hemisphere NNS 43297 428 19 suggest suggest VBP 43297 428 20 that that IN 43297 428 21 there there EX 43297 428 22 is be VBZ 43297 428 23 a a DT 43297 428 24 considerable considerable JJ 43297 428 25 difference difference NN 43297 428 26 in in IN 43297 428 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 428 28 formation formation NN 43297 428 29 , , , 43297 428 30 but but CC 43297 428 31 the the DT 43297 428 32 number number NN 43297 428 33 of of IN 43297 428 34 clays clay NNS 43297 428 35 and and CC 43297 428 36 shales shale NNS 43297 428 37 which which WDT 43297 428 38 have have VBP 43297 428 39 been be VBN 43297 428 40 examined examine VBN 43297 428 41 is be VBZ 43297 428 42 too too RB 43297 428 43 small small JJ 43297 428 44 for for IN 43297 428 45 any any DT 43297 428 46 accurate accurate JJ 43297 428 47 conclusion conclusion NN 43297 428 48 to to TO 43297 428 49 be be VB 43297 428 50 drawn draw VBN 43297 428 51 . . . 43297 429 1 For for IN 43297 429 2 many many JJ 43297 429 3 industrial industrial JJ 43297 429 4 purposes purpose NNS 43297 429 5 , , , 43297 429 6 particularly particularly RB 43297 429 7 for for IN 43297 429 8 the the DT 43297 429 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 429 10 of of IN 43297 429 11 refractory refractory JJ 43297 429 12 goods good NNS 43297 429 13 , , , 43297 429 14 the the DT 43297 429 15 clays clay NNS 43297 429 16 and and CC 43297 429 17 shales shale NNS 43297 429 18 of of IN 43297 429 19 the the DT 43297 429 20 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP 43297 429 21 System System NNP 43297 429 22 are be VBP 43297 429 23 highly highly RB 43297 429 24 important important JJ 43297 429 25 . . . 43297 430 1 The the DT 43297 430 2 less less RBR 43297 430 3 valuable valuable JJ 43297 430 4 burn burn NN 43297 430 5 to to IN 43297 430 6 a a DT 43297 430 7 reddish reddish JJ 43297 430 8 colour colour NN 43297 430 9 , , , 43297 430 10 often often RB 43297 430 11 spoiled spoil VBD 43297 430 12 with with IN 43297 430 13 many many JJ 43297 430 14 grey grey JJ 43297 430 15 spots spot NNS 43297 430 16 of of IN 43297 430 17 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 430 18 silicate silicate NN 43297 430 19 derived derive VBN 43297 430 20 from from IN 43297 430 21 the the DT 43297 430 22 pyrites pyrite NNS 43297 430 23 in in IN 43297 430 24 the the DT 43297 430 25 clay clay NN 43297 430 26 , , , 43297 430 27 but but CC 43297 430 28 the the DT 43297 430 29 purer purer NN 43297 430 30 varieties variety NNS 43297 430 31 burn burn VBP 43297 430 32 to to IN 43297 430 33 a a DT 43297 430 34 delicate delicate JJ 43297 430 35 primrose primrose NN 43297 430 36 or or CC 43297 430 37 pale pale JJ 43297 430 38 buff buff NN 43297 430 39 tint tint NN 43297 430 40 and and CC 43297 430 41 are be VBP 43297 430 42 amongst amongst IN 43297 430 43 the the DT 43297 430 44 most most JJS 43297 430 45 heat heat NN 43297 430 46 - - HYPH 43297 430 47 resisting resist VBG 43297 430 48 materials material NNS 43297 430 49 known know VBN 43297 430 50 . . . 43297 431 1 The the DT 43297 431 2 Coal Coal NNP 43297 431 3 Measure measure NN 43297 431 4 clays clay NNS 43297 431 5 of of IN 43297 431 6 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 43297 431 7 are be VBP 43297 431 8 particularly particularly RB 43297 431 9 esteemed esteemed JJ 43297 431 10 for for IN 43297 431 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 431 12 refractory refractory JJ 43297 431 13 properties property NNS 43297 431 14 ; ; , 43297 431 15 for for IN 43297 431 16 the the DT 43297 431 17 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 431 18 of of IN 43297 431 19 glazed glazed JJ 43297 431 20 bricks brick NNS 43297 431 21 and and CC 43297 431 22 for for IN 43297 431 23 blocks block NNS 43297 431 24 for for IN 43297 431 25 architectural architectural JJ 43297 431 26 purposes purpose NNS 43297 431 27 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 431 28 ambiguously ambiguously RB 43297 431 29 termed term VBD 43297 431 30 ' ' '' 43297 431 31 glazed glaze VBN 43297 431 32 terra terra NNP 43297 431 33 - - HYPH 43297 431 34 cotta cotta NNP 43297 431 35 . . . 43297 431 36 ' ' '' 43297 432 1 The the DT 43297 432 2 inferior inferior JJ 43297 432 3 qualities quality NNS 43297 432 4 are be VBP 43297 432 5 largely largely RB 43297 432 6 used use VBN 43297 432 7 for for IN 43297 432 8 the the DT 43297 432 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 432 10 of of IN 43297 432 11 red red JJ 43297 432 12 engineering engineering NN 43297 432 13 bricks brick NNS 43297 432 14 , , , 43297 432 15 some some DT 43297 432 16 of of IN 43297 432 17 them -PRON- PRP 43297 432 18 competing compete VBG 43297 432 19 successfully successfully RB 43297 432 20 with with IN 43297 432 21 the the DT 43297 432 22 more more RBR 43297 432 23 widely widely RB 43297 432 24 known know VBN 43297 432 25 ' ' '' 43297 432 26 blue blue JJ 43297 432 27 bricks brick NNS 43297 432 28 ' ' '' 43297 432 29 of of IN 43297 432 30 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 432 31 . . . 43297 433 1 The the DT 43297 433 2 Coal Coal NNP 43297 433 3 Measure measure NN 43297 433 4 clays clay NNS 43297 433 5 of of IN 43297 433 6 Shropshire Shropshire NNP 43297 433 7 are be VBP 43297 433 8 noted note VBN 43297 433 9 for for IN 43297 433 10 the the DT 43297 433 11 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 433 12 of of IN 43297 433 13 red red JJ 43297 433 14 roofing roofing NN 43297 433 15 tiles tile NNS 43297 433 16 , , , 43297 433 17 especially especially RB 43297 433 18 in in IN 43297 433 19 the the DT 43297 433 20 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 43297 433 21 of of IN 43297 433 22 Broseley Broseley NNP 43297 433 23 . . . 43297 434 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 434 2 , , , 43297 434 3 the the DT 43297 434 4 Coal Coal NNP 43297 434 5 Measure Measure NNP 43297 434 6 clays clay NNS 43297 434 7 are be VBP 43297 434 8 usually usually RB 43297 434 9 poor poor JJ 43297 434 10 , , , 43297 434 11 but but CC 43297 434 12 are be VBP 43297 434 13 occasionally occasionally RB 43297 434 14 of of IN 43297 434 15 good good JJ 43297 434 16 quality quality NN 43297 434 17 . . . 43297 435 1 The the DT 43297 435 2 shales shale NNS 43297 435 3 produce produce VBP 43297 435 4 heavy heavy JJ 43297 435 5 , , , 43297 435 6 cold cold JJ 43297 435 7 clays clay NNS 43297 435 8 and and CC 43297 435 9 the the DT 43297 435 10 yellow yellow JJ 43297 435 11 subsoil subsoil NN 43297 435 12 produces produce VBZ 43297 435 13 soils soil NNS 43297 435 14 of of IN 43297 435 15 a a DT 43297 435 16 light light JJ 43297 435 17 , , , 43297 435 18 hungry hungry JJ 43297 435 19 character character NN 43297 435 20 so so IN 43297 435 21 that that IN 43297 435 22 the the DT 43297 435 23 two two CD 43297 435 24 should should MD 43297 435 25 , , , 43297 435 26 if if IN 43297 435 27 possible possible JJ 43297 435 28 , , , 43297 435 29 be be VB 43297 435 30 mixed mix VBN 43297 435 31 together together RB 43297 435 32 . . . 43297 436 1 = = NFP 43297 436 2 Permian permian JJ 43297 436 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 436 4 are be VBP 43297 436 5 of of IN 43297 436 6 little little JJ 43297 436 7 value value NN 43297 436 8 except except IN 43297 436 9 for for IN 43297 436 10 the the DT 43297 436 11 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 436 12 of of IN 43297 436 13 red red JJ 43297 436 14 building building NN 43297 436 15 bricks brick NNS 43297 436 16 . . . 43297 437 1 The the DT 43297 437 2 Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire NNP 43297 437 3 Permian permian JJ 43297 437 4 clays clay NNS 43297 437 5 make make VBP 43297 437 6 excellent excellent JJ 43297 437 7 roofing roofing NN 43297 437 8 tiles tile NNS 43297 437 9 , , , 43297 437 10 flower flower NN 43297 437 11 pots pot NNS 43297 437 12 and and CC 43297 437 13 red red JJ 43297 437 14 bricks brick NNS 43297 437 15 . . . 43297 438 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 438 2 , , , 43297 438 3 the the DT 43297 438 4 Permian permian JJ 43297 438 5 clays clay NNS 43297 438 6 are be VBP 43297 438 7 a a DT 43297 438 8 free free JJ 43297 438 9 working work VBG 43297 438 10 loam loam NN 43297 438 11 yielding yield VBG 43297 438 12 large large JJ 43297 438 13 crops crop NNS 43297 438 14 of of IN 43297 438 15 most most JJS 43297 438 16 of of IN 43297 438 17 the the DT 43297 438 18 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 438 19 farm farm NN 43297 438 20 products product NNS 43297 438 21 . . . 43297 439 1 = = NFP 43297 439 2 Triassic triassic NN 43297 439 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 439 4 are be VBP 43297 439 5 of of IN 43297 439 6 great great JJ 43297 439 7 importance importance NN 43297 439 8 in in IN 43297 439 9 the the DT 43297 439 10 Midlands midland NNS 43297 439 11 , , , 43297 439 12 those those DT 43297 439 13 upper upper JJ 43297 439 14 portions portion NNS 43297 439 15 of of IN 43297 439 16 them -PRON- PRP 43297 439 17 known know VBN 43297 439 18 as as IN 43297 439 19 the the DT 43297 439 20 Keuper Keuper NNP 43297 439 21 Marls Marls NNP 43297 439 22 being be VBG 43297 439 23 much much RB 43297 439 24 used use VBN 43297 439 25 for for IN 43297 439 26 the the DT 43297 439 27 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 439 28 of of IN 43297 439 29 bricks brick NNS 43297 439 30 . . . 43297 440 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 440 2 are be VBP 43297 440 3 specially specially RB 43297 440 4 known know VBN 43297 440 5 amongst amongst IN 43297 440 6 clayworkers clayworker NNS 43297 440 7 as as IN 43297 440 8 the the DT 43297 440 9 material material NN 43297 440 10 from from IN 43297 440 11 which which WDT 43297 440 12 the the DT 43297 440 13 Midland Midland NNP 43297 440 14 red red JJ 43297 440 15 bricks brick NNS 43297 440 16 of of IN 43297 440 17 Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire NNP 43297 440 18 and and CC 43297 440 19 Leicestershire Leicestershire NNP 43297 440 20 and and CC 43297 440 21 the the DT 43297 440 22 Somersetshire Somersetshire NNP 43297 440 23 tiles tile NNS 43297 440 24 are be VBP 43297 440 25 prepared prepare VBN 43297 440 26 . . . 43297 441 1 = = NFP 43297 441 2 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 43297 441 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 441 4 are be VBP 43297 441 5 an an DT 43297 441 6 important important JJ 43297 441 7 group group NN 43297 441 8 , , , 43297 441 9 of of IN 43297 441 10 marine marine JJ 43297 441 11 origin origin NN 43297 441 12 , , , 43297 441 13 occurring occur VBG 43297 441 14 in in IN 43297 441 15 close close JJ 43297 441 16 association association NN 43297 441 17 with with IN 43297 441 18 limestone limestone NN 43297 441 19 . . . 43297 442 1 For for IN 43297 442 2 this this DT 43297 442 3 reason reason NN 43297 442 4 they -PRON- PRP 43297 442 5 form form VBP 43297 442 6 a a DT 43297 442 7 valuable valuable JJ 43297 442 8 source source NN 43297 442 9 of of IN 43297 442 10 material material NN 43297 442 11 for for IN 43297 442 12 the the DT 43297 442 13 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 442 14 of of IN 43297 442 15 Portland Portland NNP 43297 442 16 cement cement NN 43297 442 17 , , , 43297 442 18 but but CC 43297 442 19 are be VBP 43297 442 20 of of IN 43297 442 21 less less JJR 43297 442 22 value value NN 43297 442 23 to to IN 43297 442 24 the the DT 43297 442 25 brick brick NN 43297 442 26 and and CC 43297 442 27 tile tile NN 43297 442 28 manufacturer manufacturer NN 43297 442 29 . . . 43297 443 1 The the DT 43297 443 2 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 43297 443 3 System System NNP 43297 443 4 contains contain VBZ 43297 443 5 so so RB 43297 443 6 large large JJ 43297 443 7 a a DT 43297 443 8 variety variety NN 43297 443 9 of of IN 43297 443 10 clays clay NNS 43297 443 11 , , , 43297 443 12 of of IN 43297 443 13 such such JJ 43297 443 14 widely widely RB 43297 443 15 different different JJ 43297 443 16 ages age NNS 43297 443 17 and and CC 43297 443 18 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 443 19 , , , 43297 443 20 that that IN 43297 443 21 no no DT 43297 443 22 general general JJ 43297 443 23 description description NN 43297 443 24 of of IN 43297 443 25 them -PRON- PRP 43297 443 26 can can MD 43297 443 27 be be VB 43297 443 28 given give VBN 43297 443 29 in in IN 43297 443 30 the the DT 43297 443 31 present present JJ 43297 443 32 volume volume NN 43297 443 33 . . . 43297 444 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 444 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 444 3 : : : 43297 444 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 444 5 . . . 43297 445 1 9 9 CD 43297 445 2 . . . 43297 446 1 Lias lia NNS 43297 446 2 clay clay NN 43297 446 3 being be VBG 43297 446 4 worked work VBN 43297 446 5 for for IN 43297 446 6 the the DT 43297 446 7 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 446 8 of of IN 43297 446 9 hand hand NN 43297 446 10 - - HYPH 43297 446 11 made make VBN 43297 446 12 sand sand NN 43297 446 13 - - HYPH 43297 446 14 faced face VBN 43297 446 15 roofing roofing NN 43297 446 16 tiles tile NNS 43297 446 17 . . . 43297 447 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 447 2 _ _ NNP 43297 447 3 By by IN 43297 447 4 courtesy courtesy NN 43297 447 5 of of IN 43297 447 6 Messrs Messrs NNP 43297 447 7 Webb Webb NNP 43297 447 8 Bros. Bros. NNPS 43297 447 9 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 43297 447 10 , , , 43297 447 11 Cheltenham Cheltenham NNP 43297 447 12 . . . 43297 447 13 _ _ NNP 43297 447 14 ) ) -RRB- 43297 447 15 ] ] -RRB- 43297 447 16 The the DT 43297 447 17 ' ' `` 43297 447 18 _ _ NNP 43297 447 19 Lias Lias NNP 43297 447 20 clays_'--the clays_'--the NN 43297 447 21 lowest low JJS 43297 447 22 of of IN 43297 447 23 the the DT 43297 447 24 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 43297 447 25 formation formation NN 43297 447 26 -- -- : 43297 447 27 are be VBP 43297 447 28 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 447 29 dark dark JJ 43297 447 30 , , , 43297 447 31 bituminous bituminous JJ 43297 447 32 shales shale NNS 43297 447 33 , , , 43297 447 34 including include VBG 43297 447 35 the the DT 43297 447 36 ' ' `` 43297 447 37 alum alum NNP 43297 447 38 shales shales NNP 43297 447 39 , , , 43297 447 40 ' ' '' 43297 447 41 and and CC 43297 447 42 are be VBP 43297 447 43 often often RB 43297 447 44 seriously seriously RB 43297 447 45 contaminated contaminate VBN 43297 447 46 with with IN 43297 447 47 pyrites pyrite NNS 43297 447 48 and and CC 43297 447 49 ironstone ironstone NN 43297 447 50 . . . 43297 448 1 When when WRB 43297 448 2 carefully carefully RB 43297 448 3 selected select VBN 43297 448 4 they -PRON- PRP 43297 448 5 may may MD 43297 448 6 be be VB 43297 448 7 used use VBN 43297 448 8 to to TO 43297 448 9 advantage advantage VB 43297 448 10 in in IN 43297 448 11 the the DT 43297 448 12 production production NN 43297 448 13 of of IN 43297 448 14 most most JJS 43297 448 15 red red JJ 43297 448 16 articles article NNS 43297 448 17 such such JJ 43297 448 18 as as IN 43297 448 19 bricks brick NNS 43297 448 20 , , , 43297 448 21 tiles tile NNS 43297 448 22 , , , 43297 448 23 chimney chimney NN 43297 448 24 pots pot NNS 43297 448 25 , , , 43297 448 26 etc etc FW 43297 448 27 . . . 43297 449 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 449 2 shrink shrink VBP 43297 449 3 less less RBR 43297 449 4 in in IN 43297 449 5 the the DT 43297 449 6 kiln kiln NN 43297 449 7 than than IN 43297 449 8 do do VB 43297 449 9 most most JJS 43297 449 10 clays clay NNS 43297 449 11 , , , 43297 449 12 and and CC 43297 449 13 are be VBP 43297 449 14 easily easily RB 43297 449 15 fusible fusible JJ 43297 449 16 on on IN 43297 449 17 account account NN 43297 449 18 of of IN 43297 449 19 the the DT 43297 449 20 lime lime NN 43297 449 21 they -PRON- PRP 43297 449 22 contain contain VBP 43297 449 23 , , , 43297 449 24 but but CC 43297 449 25 on on IN 43297 449 26 the the DT 43297 449 27 whole whole NN 43297 449 28 this this DT 43297 449 29 formation formation NN 43297 449 30 is be VBZ 43297 449 31 of of IN 43297 449 32 great great JJ 43297 449 33 value value NN 43297 449 34 for for IN 43297 449 35 the the DT 43297 449 36 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 449 37 of of IN 43297 449 38 the the DT 43297 449 39 articles article NNS 43297 449 40 just just RB 43297 449 41 mentioned mention VBN 43297 449 42 . . . 43297 450 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 450 2 , , , 43297 450 3 the the DT 43297 450 4 Lias Lias NNP 43297 450 5 clays clay NNS 43297 450 6 are be VBP 43297 450 7 laid lay VBN 43297 450 8 down down RP 43297 450 9 for for IN 43297 450 10 grass grass NN 43297 450 11 , , , 43297 450 12 but but CC 43297 450 13 the the DT 43297 450 14 lighter light JJR 43297 450 15 soils soil NNS 43297 450 16 are be VBP 43297 450 17 useful useful JJ 43297 450 18 for for IN 43297 450 19 arable arable JJ 43297 450 20 purposes purpose NNS 43297 450 21 . . . 43297 451 1 The the DT 43297 451 2 ' ' `` 43297 451 3 _ _ NNP 43297 451 4 Oolitic oolitic JJ 43297 451 5 clays clay NNS 43297 451 6 _ _ NNP 43297 451 7 , , , 43297 451 8 ' ' '' 43297 451 9 which which WDT 43297 451 10 are be VBP 43297 451 11 also also RB 43297 451 12 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 43297 451 13 , , , 43297 451 14 usually usually RB 43297 451 15 contain contain VBP 43297 451 16 limestone limestone NN 43297 451 17 in in IN 43297 451 18 the the DT 43297 451 19 form form NN 43297 451 20 of of IN 43297 451 21 nodules nodule NNS 43297 451 22 , , , 43297 451 23 but but CC 43297 451 24 are be VBP 43297 451 25 nevertheless nevertheless RB 43297 451 26 important important JJ 43297 451 27 . . . 43297 452 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 452 2 form form VBP 43297 452 3 a a DT 43297 452 4 broad broad JJ 43297 452 5 belt belt NN 43297 452 6 above above IN 43297 452 7 the the DT 43297 452 8 Lias Lias NNPS 43297 452 9 from from IN 43297 452 10 Dorset Dorset NNP 43297 452 11 to to IN 43297 452 12 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 43297 452 13 , , , 43297 452 14 and and CC 43297 452 15 include include VBP 43297 452 16 the the DT 43297 452 17 blue blue JJ 43297 452 18 clays clay NNS 43297 452 19 of of IN 43297 452 20 the the DT 43297 452 21 Purbeck Purbeck NNP 43297 452 22 beds bed NNS 43297 452 23 , , , 43297 452 24 stiff stiff JJ 43297 452 25 blue blue JJ 43297 452 26 bituminous bituminous JJ 43297 452 27 Kimeridge Kimeridge NNP 43297 452 28 clays clay NNS 43297 452 29 , , , 43297 452 30 the the DT 43297 452 31 irregular irregular JJ 43297 452 32 , , , 43297 452 33 sandy sandy NNP 43297 452 34 Coral Coral NNP 43297 452 35 Rag Rag NNP 43297 452 36 clays clay NNS 43297 452 37 , , , 43297 452 38 the the DT 43297 452 39 famous famous JJ 43297 452 40 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 452 41 clay clay NN 43297 452 42 ( ( -LRB- 43297 452 43 from from IN 43297 452 44 which which WDT 43297 452 45 the the DT 43297 452 46 Peterborough Peterborough NNP 43297 452 47 and and CC 43297 452 48 Fletton Fletton NNP 43297 452 49 bricks brick NNS 43297 452 50 are be VBP 43297 452 51 made make VBN 43297 452 52 ) ) -RRB- 43297 452 53 , , , 43297 452 54 the the DT 43297 452 55 Kellaways Kellaways NNP 43297 452 56 blue blue JJ 43297 452 57 clay clay NN 43297 452 58 , , , 43297 452 59 and and CC 43297 452 60 the the DT 43297 452 61 Fuller Fuller NNP 43297 452 62 's 's POS 43297 452 63 Earth Earth NNP 43297 452 64 deposits deposit NNS 43297 452 65 . . . 43297 453 1 The the DT 43297 453 2 ' ' `` 43297 453 3 _ _ NNP 43297 453 4 Kimeridge Kimeridge NNP 43297 453 5 clays clay VBZ 43297 453 6 _ _ NNP 43297 453 7 ' ' `` 43297 453 8 are be VBP 43297 453 9 dark dark JJ 43297 453 10 , , , 43297 453 11 stiff stiff JJ 43297 453 12 laminated laminate VBN 43297 453 13 clays clay NNS 43297 453 14 , , , 43297 453 15 closely closely RB 43297 453 16 resembling resemble VBG 43297 453 17 gault gault NN 43297 453 18 , , , 43297 453 19 and and CC 43297 453 20 are be VBP 43297 453 21 much much RB 43297 453 22 used use VBN 43297 453 23 in in IN 43297 453 24 the the DT 43297 453 25 West West NNP 43297 453 26 and and CC 43297 453 27 Midlands Midlands NNP 43297 453 28 for for IN 43297 453 29 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 453 30 . . . 43297 454 1 A a DT 43297 454 2 well well RB 43297 454 3 - - HYPH 43297 454 4 known know VBN 43297 454 5 deposit deposit NN 43297 454 6 of of IN 43297 454 7 this this DT 43297 454 8 character character NN 43297 454 9 has have VBZ 43297 454 10 long long RB 43297 454 11 been be VBN 43297 454 12 used use VBN 43297 454 13 at at IN 43297 454 14 Pickering Pickering NNP 43297 454 15 in in IN 43297 454 16 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 43297 454 17 , , , 43297 454 18 but but CC 43297 454 19 the the DT 43297 454 20 most most RBS 43297 454 21 typical typical JJ 43297 454 22 deposits deposit NNS 43297 454 23 are be VBP 43297 454 24 in in IN 43297 454 25 Huntingdonshire Huntingdonshire NNP 43297 454 26 . . . 43297 455 1 The the DT 43297 455 2 Kimeridge Kimeridge NNP 43297 455 3 clays clay NNS 43297 455 4 contain contain VBP 43297 455 5 a a DT 43297 455 6 bituminous bituminous JJ 43297 455 7 shale shale NN 43297 455 8 , , , 43297 455 9 or or CC 43297 455 10 Sapropelic Sapropelic NNP 43297 455 11 Coal Coal NNP 43297 455 12 , , , 43297 455 13 which which WDT 43297 455 14 evolves evolve VBZ 43297 455 15 a a DT 43297 455 16 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 455 17 odour odour NN 43297 455 18 on on IN 43297 455 19 burning burning NN 43297 455 20 . . . 43297 456 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 456 2 , , , 43297 456 3 the the DT 43297 456 4 Kimeridge Kimeridge NNP 43297 456 5 clays clay NNS 43297 456 6 resemble resemble VBP 43297 456 7 gault gault NN 43297 456 8 and and CC 43297 456 9 are be VBP 43297 456 10 difficult difficult JJ 43297 456 11 to to TO 43297 456 12 work work VB 43297 456 13 as as IN 43297 456 14 arable arable JJ 43297 456 15 land land NN 43297 456 16 , , , 43297 456 17 though though IN 43297 456 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 456 19 form form VBP 43297 456 20 first first JJ 43297 456 21 - - HYPH 43297 456 22 rate rate NN 43297 456 23 pasturage pasturage NN 43297 456 24 . . . 43297 457 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 457 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 457 3 : : : 43297 457 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 457 5 . . . 43297 458 1 10 10 CD 43297 458 2 . . . 43297 459 1 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 459 2 clay clay NN 43297 459 3 near near IN 43297 459 4 Peterborough Peterborough NNP 43297 459 5 . . . 43297 460 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 460 2 _ _ NNP 43297 460 3 By by IN 43297 460 4 courtesy courtesy NN 43297 460 5 of of IN 43297 460 6 Messrs Messrs NNP 43297 460 7 Ruston Ruston NNP 43297 460 8 , , , 43297 460 9 Proctor Proctor NNP 43297 460 10 & & CC 43297 460 11 Co. Co. NNP 43297 460 12 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 43297 460 13 _ _ NNP 43297 460 14 ) ) -RRB- 43297 460 15 ] ] -RRB- 43297 460 16 The the DT 43297 460 17 ' ' `` 43297 460 18 _ _ NNP 43297 460 19 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 460 20 clays clay NNS 43297 460 21 _ _ IN 43297 460 22 ' ' `` 43297 460 23 are be VBP 43297 460 24 valuable valuable JJ 43297 460 25 for for IN 43297 460 26 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 460 27 when when WRB 43297 460 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 460 29 use use NN 43297 460 30 is be VBZ 43297 460 31 understood understand VBN 43297 460 32 , , , 43297 460 33 but but CC 43297 460 34 to to IN 43297 460 35 the the DT 43297 460 36 uninitiated uninitiated JJ 43297 460 37 they -PRON- PRP 43297 460 38 are be VBP 43297 460 39 very very RB 43297 460 40 troublesome troublesome JJ 43297 460 41 . . . 43297 461 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 461 2 colour colour NN 43297 461 3 is be VBZ 43297 461 4 dark dark JJ 43297 461 5 blue blue JJ 43297 461 6 or or CC 43297 461 7 grey grey JJ 43297 461 8 and and CC 43297 461 9 they -PRON- PRP 43297 461 10 are be VBP 43297 461 11 usually usually RB 43297 461 12 stiff stiff JJ 43297 461 13 or or CC 43297 461 14 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 461 15 shaly shaly NN 43297 461 16 in in IN 43297 461 17 texture texture NN 43297 461 18 with with IN 43297 461 19 layers layer NNS 43297 461 20 of of IN 43297 461 21 variable variable JJ 43297 461 22 composition composition NN 43297 461 23 . . . 43297 462 1 The the DT 43297 462 2 closely closely RB 43297 462 3 associated associate VBN 43297 462 4 Cornbrash Cornbrash NNP 43297 462 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 462 6 limestone limestone NN 43297 462 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 462 8 is be VBZ 43297 462 9 a a DT 43297 462 10 source source NN 43297 462 11 of of IN 43297 462 12 trouble trouble NN 43297 462 13 unless unless IN 43297 462 14 great great JJ 43297 462 15 care care NN 43297 462 16 is be VBZ 43297 462 17 taken take VBN 43297 462 18 in in IN 43297 462 19 the the DT 43297 462 20 selection selection NN 43297 462 21 of of IN 43297 462 22 the the DT 43297 462 23 material material NN 43297 462 24 . . . 43297 463 1 ' ' `` 43297 463 2 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 463 3 clays clay NNS 43297 463 4 ' ' '' 43297 463 5 are be VBP 43297 463 6 not not RB 43297 463 7 infrequently infrequently RB 43297 463 8 traversed traverse VBN 43297 463 9 by by IN 43297 463 10 seams seam NNS 43297 463 11 of of IN 43297 463 12 poor poor JJ 43297 463 13 coal coal NN 43297 463 14 or or CC 43297 463 15 by by IN 43297 463 16 oil oil NN 43297 463 17 - - HYPH 43297 463 18 shales shale NNS 43297 463 19 . . . 43297 464 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 464 2 , , , 43297 464 3 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 464 4 clay clay NN 43297 464 5 is be VBZ 43297 464 6 difficult difficult JJ 43297 464 7 to to TO 43297 464 8 work work VB 43297 464 9 and and CC 43297 464 10 , , , 43297 464 11 while while IN 43297 464 12 much much JJ 43297 464 13 of of IN 43297 464 14 it -PRON- PRP 43297 464 15 is be VBZ 43297 464 16 valuable valuable JJ 43297 464 17 , , , 43297 464 18 large large JJ 43297 464 19 portions portion NNS 43297 464 20 are be VBP 43297 464 21 poor poor JJ 43297 464 22 and and CC 43297 464 23 cold cold JJ 43297 464 24 . . . 43297 465 1 When when WRB 43297 465 2 well well RB 43297 465 3 exposed expose VBN 43297 465 4 to to TO 43297 465 5 frost frost VB 43297 465 6 it -PRON- PRP 43297 465 7 is be VBZ 43297 465 8 made make VBN 43297 465 9 much much RB 43297 465 10 lighter light JJR 43297 465 11 , , , 43297 465 12 but but CC 43297 465 13 even even RB 43297 465 14 then then RB 43297 465 15 is be VBZ 43297 465 16 not not RB 43297 465 17 very very RB 43297 465 18 suitable suitable JJ 43297 465 19 for for IN 43297 465 20 wheat wheat NN 43297 465 21 and and CC 43297 465 22 autumn autumn NN 43297 465 23 sown sown NN 43297 465 24 crops crop NNS 43297 465 25 . . . 43297 466 1 The the DT 43297 466 2 ' ' `` 43297 466 3 _ _ NNP 43297 466 4 Kellaway Kellaway NNP 43297 466 5 blue blue JJ 43297 466 6 clays clay NNS 43297 466 7 _ _ NNP 43297 466 8 ' ' '' 43297 466 9 are be VBP 43297 466 10 often often RB 43297 466 11 included include VBN 43297 466 12 in in IN 43297 466 13 the the DT 43297 466 14 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 466 15 clays clay NNS 43297 466 16 , , , 43297 466 17 though though IN 43297 466 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 466 19 form form VBP 43297 466 20 irregular irregular JJ 43297 466 21 bands band NNS 43297 466 22 above above IN 43297 466 23 them -PRON- PRP 43297 466 24 and and CC 43297 466 25 are be VBP 43297 466 26 of of IN 43297 466 27 fresh fresh JJ 43297 466 28 - - HYPH 43297 466 29 water water NN 43297 466 30 origin origin NN 43297 466 31 , , , 43297 466 32 whilst whilst IN 43297 466 33 the the DT 43297 466 34 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 466 35 clays clay NNS 43297 466 36 are be VBP 43297 466 37 marine marine JJ 43297 466 38 deposits deposit NNS 43297 466 39 . . . 43297 467 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 467 2 are be VBP 43297 467 3 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 467 4 used use VBN 43297 467 5 commercially commercially RB 43297 467 6 for for IN 43297 467 7 domestic domestic JJ 43297 467 8 firebricks firebrick NNS 43297 467 9 near near IN 43297 467 10 Oundle Oundle NNP 43297 467 11 and and CC 43297 467 12 Stamford Stamford NNP 43297 467 13 . . . 43297 468 1 = = NFP 43297 468 2 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 43297 468 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 468 4 occur occur VB 43297 468 5 , , , 43297 468 6 as as IN 43297 468 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 468 8 name name NN 43297 468 9 implies imply VBZ 43297 468 10 , , , 43297 468 11 in in IN 43297 468 12 association association NN 43297 468 13 with with IN 43297 468 14 chalk chalk NN 43297 468 15 . . . 43297 469 1 The the DT 43297 469 2 chief chief JJ 43297 469 3 clay clay NN 43297 469 4 in in IN 43297 469 5 this this DT 43297 469 6 System system NN 43297 469 7 is be VBZ 43297 469 8 the the DT 43297 469 9 _ _ NNP 43297 469 10 gault gault NN 43297 469 11 _ _ NNP 43297 469 12 , , , 43297 469 13 a a DT 43297 469 14 stiff stiff JJ 43297 469 15 , , , 43297 469 16 black black JJ 43297 469 17 , , , 43297 469 18 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 469 19 clay clay NN 43297 469 20 of of IN 43297 469 21 marine marine JJ 43297 469 22 origin origin NNP 43297 469 23 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 469 24 used use VBD 43297 469 25 for for IN 43297 469 26 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 469 27 . . . 43297 470 1 When when WRB 43297 470 2 used use VBN 43297 470 3 alone alone RB 43297 470 4 , , , 43297 470 5 gault gault NN 43297 470 6 burns burn NNS 43297 470 7 to to IN 43297 470 8 a a DT 43297 470 9 reddish reddish JJ 43297 470 10 colour colour NN 43297 470 11 , , , 43297 470 12 due due IN 43297 470 13 to to IN 43297 470 14 the the DT 43297 470 15 iron iron NN 43297 470 16 present present NN 43297 470 17 , , , 43297 470 18 but but CC 43297 470 19 if if IN 43297 470 20 , , , 43297 470 21 as as IN 43297 470 22 is be VBZ 43297 470 23 more more RBR 43297 470 24 usual usual JJ 43297 470 25 , , , 43297 470 26 it -PRON- PRP 43297 470 27 is be VBZ 43297 470 28 mixed mix VBN 43297 470 29 with with IN 43297 470 30 chalk chalk NN 43297 470 31 , , , 43297 470 32 it -PRON- PRP 43297 470 33 burns burn VBZ 43297 470 34 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 470 35 white white JJ 43297 470 36 . . . 43297 471 1 Some some DT 43297 471 2 gaults gault NNS 43297 471 3 contain contain VBP 43297 471 4 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 471 5 chalk chalk NN 43297 471 6 to to TO 43297 471 7 render render VB 43297 471 8 the the DT 43297 471 9 addition addition NN 43297 471 10 of of IN 43297 471 11 a a DT 43297 471 12 further further JJ 43297 471 13 quantity quantity NN 43297 471 14 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 43297 471 15 . . . 43297 472 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 472 2 , , , 43297 472 3 the the DT 43297 472 4 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 43297 472 5 clays clay NNS 43297 472 6 form form VBP 43297 472 7 good good JJ 43297 472 8 arable arable JJ 43297 472 9 soil soil NN 43297 472 10 where where WRB 43297 472 11 they -PRON- PRP 43297 472 12 are be VBP 43297 472 13 not not RB 43297 472 14 too too RB 43297 472 15 exposed expose VBN 43297 472 16 , , , 43297 472 17 but but CC 43297 472 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 472 19 suffer suffer VBP 43297 472 20 from from IN 43297 472 21 drought drought NN 43297 472 22 . . . 43297 473 1 The the DT 43297 473 2 ' ' `` 43297 473 3 _ _ NNP 43297 473 4 Wealden Wealden NNP 43297 473 5 clay clay NN 43297 473 6 _ _ NNP 43297 473 7 ' ' '' 43297 473 8 is be VBZ 43297 473 9 a a DT 43297 473 10 stiff stiff JJ 43297 473 11 yellowish yellowish JJ 43297 473 12 grey grey NN 43297 473 13 or or CC 43297 473 14 blue blue JJ 43297 473 15 clay clay NN 43297 473 16 extensively extensively RB 43297 473 17 used use VBN 43297 473 18 for for IN 43297 473 19 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 473 20 in in IN 43297 473 21 Kent Kent NNP 43297 473 22 , , , 43297 473 23 Sussex Sussex NNP 43297 473 24 and and CC 43297 473 25 Surrey Surrey NNP 43297 473 26 . . . 43297 474 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 474 2 has have VBZ 43297 474 3 been be VBN 43297 474 4 subdivided subdivide VBN 43297 474 5 by by IN 43297 474 6 geologists geologist NNS 43297 474 7 into into IN 43297 474 8 a a DT 43297 474 9 number number NN 43297 474 10 of of IN 43297 474 11 other other JJ 43297 474 12 clays clay NNS 43297 474 13 , , , 43297 474 14 such such JJ 43297 474 15 as as IN 43297 474 16 the the DT 43297 474 17 Wadhurst Wadhurst NNP 43297 474 18 , , , 43297 474 19 Fairlight Fairlight NNP 43297 474 20 , , , 43297 474 21 etc etc FW 43297 474 22 . . FW 43297 474 23 , , , 43297 474 24 but but CC 43297 474 25 the the DT 43297 474 26 differences difference NNS 43297 474 27 between between IN 43297 474 28 them -PRON- PRP 43297 474 29 lie lie VBP 43297 474 30 more more RBR 43297 474 31 in in IN 43297 474 32 the the DT 43297 474 33 fossils fossil NNS 43297 474 34 occurring occur VBG 43297 474 35 in in IN 43297 474 36 them -PRON- PRP 43297 474 37 than than IN 43297 474 38 in in IN 43297 474 39 the the DT 43297 474 40 characters character NNS 43297 474 41 of of IN 43297 474 42 the the DT 43297 474 43 clays clay NNS 43297 474 44 themselves -PRON- PRP 43297 474 45 . . . 43297 475 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 475 2 are be VBP 43297 475 3 usually usually RB 43297 475 4 contaminated contaminate VBN 43297 475 5 with with IN 43297 475 6 ironstone ironstone NN 43297 475 7 , , , 43297 475 8 gypsum gypsum NN 43297 475 9 and and CC 43297 475 10 some some DT 43297 475 11 limestone limestone NN 43297 475 12 . . . 43297 476 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 476 2 , , , 43297 476 3 the the DT 43297 476 4 Wealden Wealden NNP 43297 476 5 clay clay NN 43297 476 6 produces produce VBZ 43297 476 7 stiff stiff JJ 43297 476 8 , , , 43297 476 9 yellowish yellowish JJ 43297 476 10 soils soil NNS 43297 476 11 of of IN 43297 476 12 a a DT 43297 476 13 wet wet JJ 43297 476 14 and and CC 43297 476 15 poor poor JJ 43297 476 16 character character NN 43297 476 17 , , , 43297 476 18 but but CC 43297 476 19 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 476 20 loams loam VBZ 43297 476 21 of of IN 43297 476 22 a a DT 43297 476 23 highly highly RB 43297 476 24 productive productive JJ 43297 476 25 nature nature NN 43297 476 26 occur occur VBP 43297 476 27 . . . 43297 477 1 The the DT 43297 477 2 = = NFP 43297 477 3 Tertiary tertiary JJ 43297 477 4 clays= clays= NN 43297 477 5 include include VBP 43297 477 6 all all PDT 43297 477 7 those those DT 43297 477 8 deposited deposit VBN 43297 477 9 after after IN 43297 477 10 the the DT 43297 477 11 Chalk Chalk NNP 43297 477 12 and and CC 43297 477 13 previous previous JJ 43297 477 14 to to IN 43297 477 15 the the DT 43297 477 16 close close NN 43297 477 17 of of IN 43297 477 18 the the DT 43297 477 19 Glacial glacial JJ 43297 477 20 period period NN 43297 477 21 . . . 43297 478 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 478 2 are be VBP 43297 478 3 usually usually RB 43297 478 4 mixed mix VBN 43297 478 5 with with IN 43297 478 6 sand sand NN 43297 478 7 and and CC 43297 478 8 gravel gravel NN 43297 478 9 , , , 43297 478 10 and and CC 43297 478 11 though though IN 43297 478 12 the the DT 43297 478 13 deposits deposit NNS 43297 478 14 are be VBP 43297 478 15 often often RB 43297 478 16 thin thin JJ 43297 478 17 and and CC 43297 478 18 irregular irregular JJ 43297 478 19 they -PRON- PRP 43297 478 20 are be VBP 43297 478 21 the the DT 43297 478 22 most most RBS 43297 478 23 generally generally RB 43297 478 24 important important JJ 43297 478 25 of of IN 43297 478 26 all all DT 43297 478 27 clays clay NNS 43297 478 28 . . . 43297 479 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 479 2 vary vary VBP 43297 479 3 greatly greatly RB 43297 479 4 in in IN 43297 479 5 character character NN 43297 479 6 ; ; , 43297 479 7 some some DT 43297 479 8 , , , 43297 479 9 like like IN 43297 479 10 the the DT 43297 479 11 London London NNP 43297 479 12 clay clay NN 43297 479 13 , , , 43297 479 14 being be VBG 43297 479 15 almost almost RB 43297 479 16 useless useless JJ 43297 479 17 unless unless IN 43297 479 18 mixed mix VBN 43297 479 19 with with IN 43297 479 20 other other JJ 43297 479 21 materials material NNS 43297 479 22 , , , 43297 479 23 whilst whilst IN 43297 479 24 others other NNS 43297 479 25 like like IN 43297 479 26 the the DT 43297 479 27 ball ball NN 43297 479 28 clays clay NNS 43297 479 29 of of IN 43297 479 30 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 479 31 and and CC 43297 479 32 Dorset Dorset NNP 43297 479 33 are be VBP 43297 479 34 amongst amongst IN 43297 479 35 the the DT 43297 479 36 purest pure JJS 43297 479 37 and and CC 43297 479 38 most most RBS 43297 479 39 valuable valuable JJ 43297 479 40 of of IN 43297 479 41 the the DT 43297 479 42 plastic plastic NN 43297 479 43 clays clay NNS 43297 479 44 . . . 43297 480 1 The the DT 43297 480 2 Tertiary Tertiary NNP 43297 480 3 clays clay NNS 43297 480 4 are be VBP 43297 480 5 divided divide VBN 43297 480 6 by by IN 43297 480 7 geologists geologist NNS 43297 480 8 into into IN 43297 480 9 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 43297 480 10 , , , 43297 480 11 Miocene Miocene NNP 43297 480 12 and and CC 43297 480 13 Eocene Eocene NNP 43297 480 14 formations formation NNS 43297 480 15 ; ; : 43297 480 16 of of IN 43297 480 17 these these DT 43297 480 18 the the DT 43297 480 19 first first JJ 43297 480 20 are be VBP 43297 480 21 commercially commercially RB 43297 480 22 unimportant unimportant JJ 43297 480 23 and and CC 43297 480 24 the the DT 43297 480 25 second second JJ 43297 480 26 do do VBP 43297 480 27 not not RB 43297 480 28 exist exist VB 43297 480 29 in in IN 43297 480 30 Great Great NNP 43297 480 31 Britain Britain NNP 43297 480 32 . . . 43297 481 1 At at IN 43297 481 2 one one CD 43297 481 3 time time NN 43297 481 4 the the DT 43297 481 5 Bovey Bovey NNP 43297 481 6 Tracey Tracey NNP 43297 481 7 clays clay NNS 43297 481 8 were be VBD 43297 481 9 considered consider VBN 43297 481 10 to to TO 43297 481 11 be be VB 43297 481 12 Miocene Miocene NNP 43297 481 13 , , , 43297 481 14 but but CC 43297 481 15 they -PRON- PRP 43297 481 16 have have VBP 43297 481 17 recently recently RB 43297 481 18 been be VBN 43297 481 19 classed class VBN 43297 481 20 as as IN 43297 481 21 Oligocene Oligocene NNP 43297 481 22 by by IN 43297 481 23 Clement Clement NNP 43297 481 24 Reid Reid NNP 43297 481 25 . . . 43297 482 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 482 2 , , , 43297 482 3 the the DT 43297 482 4 most most RBS 43297 482 5 important important JJ 43297 482 6 of of IN 43297 482 7 the the DT 43297 482 8 Tertiary tertiary JJ 43297 482 9 formations formation NNS 43297 482 10 is be VBZ 43297 482 11 the the DT 43297 482 12 Eocene Eocene NNP 43297 482 13 , , , 43297 482 14 particularly particularly RB 43297 482 15 near near IN 43297 482 16 London London NNP 43297 482 17 , , , 43297 482 18 though though IN 43297 482 19 it -PRON- PRP 43297 482 20 is be VBZ 43297 482 21 much much RB 43297 482 22 covered cover VBN 43297 482 23 by by IN 43297 482 24 sand sand NN 43297 482 25 or or CC 43297 482 26 gravel gravel NN 43297 482 27 . . . 43297 483 1 The the DT 43297 483 2 _ _ NNP 43297 483 3 London London NNP 43297 483 4 clay clay NN 43297 483 5 _ _ NNP 43297 483 6 , , , 43297 483 7 which which WDT 43297 483 8 produces produce VBZ 43297 483 9 a a DT 43297 483 10 heavy heavy JJ 43297 483 11 brown brown JJ 43297 483 12 soil soil NN 43297 483 13 , , , 43297 483 14 is be VBZ 43297 483 15 of of IN 43297 483 16 slight slight JJ 43297 483 17 value value NN 43297 483 18 , , , 43297 483 19 though though IN 43297 483 20 when when WRB 43297 483 21 properly properly RB 43297 483 22 drained drain VBD 43297 483 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 483 24 produces produce VBZ 43297 483 25 good good JJ 43297 483 26 crops crop NNS 43297 483 27 of of IN 43297 483 28 wheat wheat NN 43297 483 29 , , , 43297 483 30 beans bean NNS 43297 483 31 , , , 43297 483 32 and and CC 43297 483 33 cabbages cabbage NNS 43297 483 34 and and CC 43297 483 35 other other JJ 43297 483 36 market market NN 43297 483 37 - - HYPH 43297 483 38 garden garden NN 43297 483 39 produce produce NN 43297 483 40 . . . 43297 484 1 For for IN 43297 484 2 this this DT 43297 484 3 purpose purpose NN 43297 484 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 484 5 is be VBZ 43297 484 6 greatly greatly RB 43297 484 7 improved improve VBN 43297 484 8 by by IN 43297 484 9 the the DT 43297 484 10 addition addition NN 43297 484 11 of of IN 43297 484 12 lime lime NN 43297 484 13 and and CC 43297 484 14 of of IN 43297 484 15 town town NN 43297 484 16 manure manure NN 43297 484 17 . . . 43297 485 1 The the DT 43297 485 2 South South NNP 43297 485 3 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 43297 485 4 Eocene Eocene NNP 43297 485 5 beds bed NNS 43297 485 6 of of IN 43297 485 7 clay clay NN 43297 485 8 are be VBP 43297 485 9 cold cold JJ 43297 485 10 , , , 43297 485 11 wet wet JJ 43297 485 12 and and CC 43297 485 13 of of IN 43297 485 14 small small JJ 43297 485 15 agricultural agricultural JJ 43297 485 16 value value NN 43297 485 17 . . . 43297 486 1 The the DT 43297 486 2 Eocene Eocene NNP 43297 486 3 clays clay NNS 43297 486 4 are be VBP 43297 486 5 composed compose VBN 43297 486 6 of of IN 43297 486 7 a a DT 43297 486 8 variety variety NN 43297 486 9 of of IN 43297 486 10 clays clay NNS 43297 486 11 , , , 43297 486 12 many many DT 43297 486 13 of of IN 43297 486 14 which which WDT 43297 486 15 are be VBP 43297 486 16 only only RB 43297 486 17 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 43297 486 18 by by IN 43297 486 19 the the DT 43297 486 20 different different JJ 43297 486 21 fossils fossil NNS 43297 486 22 they -PRON- PRP 43297 486 23 contain contain VBP 43297 486 24 . . . 43297 487 1 The the DT 43297 487 2 most most RBS 43297 487 3 important important JJ 43297 487 4 are be VBP 43297 487 5 the the DT 43297 487 6 Reading reading NN 43297 487 7 clays clay NNS 43297 487 8 , , , 43297 487 9 the the DT 43297 487 10 London London NNP 43297 487 11 clay clay NN 43297 487 12 and and CC 43297 487 13 the the DT 43297 487 14 Bagshot Bagshot NNP 43297 487 15 clays clay NNS 43297 487 16 . . . 43297 488 1 The the DT 43297 488 2 _ _ NNP 43297 488 3 Reading Reading NNP 43297 488 4 clays clay NNS 43297 488 5 _ _ NNP 43297 488 6 extend extend VBP 43297 488 7 over over IN 43297 488 8 a a DT 43297 488 9 considerable considerable JJ 43297 488 10 area area NN 43297 488 11 in in IN 43297 488 12 the the DT 43297 488 13 South South NNP 43297 488 14 of of IN 43297 488 15 England England NNP 43297 488 16 and and CC 43297 488 17 are be VBP 43297 488 18 most most RBS 43297 488 19 valuable valuable JJ 43297 488 20 near near IN 43297 488 21 the the DT 43297 488 22 town town NN 43297 488 23 from from IN 43297 488 24 which which WDT 43297 488 25 they -PRON- PRP 43297 488 26 derive derive VBP 43297 488 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 488 28 name name NN 43297 488 29 . . . 43297 489 1 The the DT 43297 489 2 best good JJS 43297 489 3 qualities quality NNS 43297 489 4 are be VBP 43297 489 5 mottled mottle VBN 43297 489 6 in in IN 43297 489 7 a a DT 43297 489 8 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 489 9 manner manner NN 43297 489 10 and and CC 43297 489 11 are be VBP 43297 489 12 particularly particularly RB 43297 489 13 suitable suitable JJ 43297 489 14 for for IN 43297 489 15 the the DT 43297 489 16 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 489 17 of of IN 43297 489 18 roofing roof VBG 43297 489 19 tiles tile NNS 43297 489 20 and and CC 43297 489 21 small small JJ 43297 489 22 terra terra NN 43297 489 23 - - HYPH 43297 489 24 cotta cotta NNP 43297 489 25 -- -- : 43297 489 26 an an DT 43297 489 27 industry industry NN 43297 489 28 for for IN 43297 489 29 which which WDT 43297 489 30 Reading reading NN 43297 489 31 is be VBZ 43297 489 32 famous famous JJ 43297 489 33 . . . 43297 490 1 The the DT 43297 490 2 _ _ NNP 43297 490 3 London London NNP 43297 490 4 clay clay NN 43297 490 5 _ _ NNP 43297 490 6 is be VBZ 43297 490 7 always always RB 43297 490 8 a a DT 43297 490 9 treacherous treacherous JJ 43297 490 10 material material NN 43297 490 11 and and CC 43297 490 12 is be VBZ 43297 490 13 best well RBS 43297 490 14 avoided avoid VBN 43297 490 15 in in IN 43297 490 16 the the DT 43297 490 17 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 490 18 of of IN 43297 490 19 bricks brick NNS 43297 490 20 and and CC 43297 490 21 other other JJ 43297 490 22 articles article NNS 43297 490 23 except except IN 43297 490 24 under under IN 43297 490 25 highly highly RB 43297 490 26 skilled skilled JJ 43297 490 27 technical technical JJ 43297 490 28 advice advice NN 43297 490 29 . . . 43297 491 1 The the DT 43297 491 2 _ _ NNP 43297 491 3 Bagshot Bagshot NNP 43297 491 4 clays clay NNS 43297 491 5 _ _ NNP 43297 491 6 in in IN 43297 491 7 Dorsetshire Dorsetshire NNP 43297 491 8 are be VBP 43297 491 9 famous famous JJ 43297 491 10 for for IN 43297 491 11 the the DT 43297 491 12 ball ball NN 43297 491 13 and and CC 43297 491 14 pipe pipe NN 43297 491 15 clays clay NNS 43297 491 16 shipped ship VBN 43297 491 17 from from IN 43297 491 18 Poole Poole NNP 43297 491 19 , , , 43297 491 20 whilst whilst IN 43297 491 21 at at IN 43297 491 22 Bovey Bovey NNP 43297 491 23 Tracey Tracey NNP 43297 491 24 and and CC 43297 491 25 in in IN 43297 491 26 several several JJ 43297 491 27 parts part NNS 43297 491 28 of of IN 43297 491 29 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 491 30 equally equally RB 43297 491 31 valuable valuable JJ 43297 491 32 ball ball NN 43297 491 33 clays clay NNS 43297 491 34 are be VBP 43297 491 35 found find VBN 43297 491 36 and and CC 43297 491 37 are be VBP 43297 491 38 shipped ship VBN 43297 491 39 from from IN 43297 491 40 Teignmouth Teignmouth NNP 43297 491 41 . . . 43297 492 1 These these DT 43297 492 2 _ _ NNP 43297 492 3 ball ball NN 43297 492 4 clays clay NNS 43297 492 5 _ _ NNP 43297 492 6 are be VBP 43297 492 7 of of IN 43297 492 8 variable variable JJ 43297 492 9 composition composition NN 43297 492 10 and and CC 43297 492 11 colour colour NN 43297 492 12 and and CC 43297 492 13 require require VB 43297 492 14 careful careful JJ 43297 492 15 selection selection NN 43297 492 16 and and CC 43297 492 17 testing testing NN 43297 492 18 . . . 43297 493 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 493 2 are be VBP 43297 493 3 closely closely RB 43297 493 4 associated associate VBN 43297 493 5 with with IN 43297 493 6 sands sand NNS 43297 493 7 , , , 43297 493 8 but but CC 43297 493 9 the the DT 43297 493 10 lower low JJR 43297 493 11 beds bed NNS 43297 493 12 of of IN 43297 493 13 clay clay NN 43297 493 14 are be VBP 43297 493 15 remarkably remarkably RB 43297 493 16 stiff stiff JJ 43297 493 17 , , , 43297 493 18 plastic plastic JJ 43297 493 19 and and CC 43297 493 20 white white JJ 43297 493 21 - - HYPH 43297 493 22 burning burning NN 43297 493 23 . . . 43297 494 1 The the DT 43297 494 2 colour colour NN 43297 494 3 of of IN 43297 494 4 the the DT 43297 494 5 raw raw JJ 43297 494 6 clay clay NN 43297 494 7 varies vary VBZ 43297 494 8 from from IN 43297 494 9 a a DT 43297 494 10 pale pale JJ 43297 494 11 yellow yellow NN 43297 494 12 to to IN 43297 494 13 a a DT 43297 494 14 dark dark JJ 43297 494 15 brown brown NN 43297 494 16 or or CC 43297 494 17 even even RB 43297 494 18 to to IN 43297 494 19 black black JJ 43297 494 20 , , , 43297 494 21 but but CC 43297 494 22 this this DT 43297 494 23 is be VBZ 43297 494 24 little little JJ 43297 494 25 or or CC 43297 494 26 no no DT 43297 494 27 criterion criterion NN 43297 494 28 of of IN 43297 494 29 the the DT 43297 494 30 colour colour NN 43297 494 31 of of IN 43297 494 32 goods good NNS 43297 494 33 made make VBD 43297 494 34 therefrom therefrom JJ 43297 494 35 , , , 43297 494 36 as as IN 43297 494 37 the the DT 43297 494 38 colour colour NN 43297 494 39 is be VBZ 43297 494 40 due due JJ 43297 494 41 to to IN 43297 494 42 carbonaceous carbonaceous JJ 43297 494 43 matters matter NNS 43297 494 44 , , , 43297 494 45 4 4 CD 43297 494 46 per per NN 43297 494 47 cent cent NN 43297 494 48 . . . 43297 495 1 or or CC 43297 495 2 more more JJR 43297 495 3 carbon carbon NN 43297 495 4 being be VBG 43297 495 5 usually usually RB 43297 495 6 present present JJ 43297 495 7 . . . 43297 496 1 The the DT 43297 496 2 ' ' `` 43297 496 3 blue blue NN 43297 496 4 ' ' '' 43297 496 5 and and CC 43297 496 6 ' ' `` 43297 496 7 black black JJ 43297 496 8 ' ' '' 43297 496 9 ball ball NN 43297 496 10 clays clay NNS 43297 496 11 are be VBP 43297 496 12 the the DT 43297 496 13 most most RBS 43297 496 14 valued value VBN 43297 496 15 by by IN 43297 496 16 potters potter NNS 43297 496 17 , , , 43297 496 18 but but CC 43297 496 19 the the DT 43297 496 20 quality quality NN 43297 496 21 is be VBZ 43297 496 22 usually usually RB 43297 496 23 ascertained ascertain VBN 43297 496 24 by by IN 43297 496 25 a a DT 43297 496 26 burning burn VBG 43297 496 27 test test NN 43297 496 28 . . . 43297 497 1 The the DT 43297 497 2 value value NN 43297 497 3 of of IN 43297 497 4 these these DT 43297 497 5 ball ball NN 43297 497 6 clays clay NNS 43297 497 7 both both DT 43297 497 8 in in IN 43297 497 9 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 497 10 and and CC 43297 497 11 Dorset Dorset NNP 43297 497 12 is be VBZ 43297 497 13 due due JJ 43297 497 14 to to IN 43297 497 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 497 16 comparative comparative JJ 43297 497 17 freedom freedom NN 43297 497 18 from from IN 43297 497 19 iron iron NN 43297 497 20 and and CC 43297 497 21 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 497 22 and and CC 43297 497 23 to to IN 43297 497 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 497 25 remarkable remarkable JJ 43297 497 26 unctuousness unctuousness NN 43297 497 27 and and CC 43297 497 28 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 497 29 . . . 43297 498 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 498 2 are be VBP 43297 498 3 , , , 43297 498 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 498 5 , , , 43297 498 6 largely largely RB 43297 498 7 used use VBN 43297 498 8 in in IN 43297 498 9 the the DT 43297 498 10 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 498 11 of of IN 43297 498 12 all all DT 43297 498 13 kinds kind NNS 43297 498 14 of of IN 43297 498 15 earthenware earthenware NN 43297 498 16 of of IN 43297 498 17 which which WDT 43297 498 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 498 19 form form VBP 43297 498 20 the the DT 43297 498 21 foundation foundation NN 43297 498 22 material material NN 43297 498 23 . . . 43297 499 1 In in IN 43297 499 2 composition composition NN 43297 499 3 , , , 43297 499 4 ball ball NN 43297 499 5 clays clay NNS 43297 499 6 appear appear VBP 43297 499 7 to to TO 43297 499 8 consist consist VB 43297 499 9 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 499 10 of of IN 43297 499 11 a a DT 43297 499 12 hydro hydro NNP 43297 499 13 - - HYPH 43297 499 14 alumino alumino NNP 43297 499 15 - - HYPH 43297 499 16 silicate silicate NN 43297 499 17 corresponding corresponding NN 43297 499 18 to to IN 43297 499 19 the the DT 43297 499 20 formula formula NN 43297 499 21 H4Al2Si2O9 H4Al2Si2O9 NNS 43297 499 22 , , , 43297 499 23 and and CC 43297 499 24 in in IN 43297 499 25 this this DT 43297 499 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 499 27 very very RB 43297 499 28 closely closely RB 43297 499 29 resemble resemble VBP 43297 499 30 the the DT 43297 499 31 china china NNP 43297 499 32 clays clays NNP 43297 499 33 ( ( -LRB- 43297 499 34 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 499 35 ) ) -RRB- 43297 499 36 . . . 43297 500 1 The the DT 43297 500 2 latter latter JJ 43297 500 3 are be VBP 43297 500 4 , , , 43297 500 5 however however RB 43297 500 6 , , , 43297 500 7 but but CC 43297 500 8 slightly slightly RB 43297 500 9 plastic plastic NN 43297 500 10 whilst whilst IN 43297 500 11 the the DT 43297 500 12 ball ball NN 43297 500 13 clays clay NNS 43297 500 14 are be VBP 43297 500 15 amongst amongst IN 43297 500 16 the the DT 43297 500 17 most most RBS 43297 500 18 plastic plastic NN 43297 500 19 clays clay NNS 43297 500 20 known know VBN 43297 500 21 . . . 43297 501 1 The the DT 43297 501 2 china china NNP 43297 501 3 clays clay NNS 43297 501 4 are be VBP 43297 501 5 also also RB 43297 501 6 much much RB 43297 501 7 more more RBR 43297 501 8 refractory refractory JJ 43297 501 9 than than IN 43297 501 10 the the DT 43297 501 11 ball ball NN 43297 501 12 clays clay NNS 43297 501 13 owing owe VBG 43297 501 14 to to IN 43297 501 15 the the DT 43297 501 16 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 501 17 larger large JJR 43297 501 18 proportion proportion NN 43297 501 19 of of IN 43297 501 20 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 501 21 in in IN 43297 501 22 the the DT 43297 501 23 latter latter JJ 43297 501 24 . . . 43297 502 1 _ _ NNP 43297 502 2 Pipe Pipe NNP 43297 502 3 clays clay NNS 43297 502 4 _ _ NNP 43297 502 5 are be VBP 43297 502 6 an an DT 43297 502 7 inferior inferior JJ 43297 502 8 quality quality NN 43297 502 9 of of IN 43297 502 10 ball ball NN 43297 502 11 clay clay NN 43297 502 12 ; ; : 43297 502 13 they -PRON- PRP 43297 502 14 contain contain VBP 43297 502 15 rather rather RB 43297 502 16 more more JJR 43297 502 17 iron iron NN 43297 502 18 and and CC 43297 502 19 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 502 20 and and CC 43297 502 21 considerably considerably RB 43297 502 22 more more JJR 43297 502 23 silica silica NN 43297 502 24 . . . 43297 503 1 For for IN 43297 503 2 this this DT 43297 503 3 reason reason NN 43297 503 4 they -PRON- PRP 43297 503 5 can can MD 43297 503 6 only only RB 43297 503 7 be be VB 43297 503 8 used use VBN 43297 503 9 for for IN 43297 503 10 cheaper cheap JJR 43297 503 11 wares ware NNS 43297 503 12 where where WRB 43297 503 13 colour colour NN 43297 503 14 is be VBZ 43297 503 15 of of IN 43297 503 16 less less JJR 43297 503 17 importance importance NN 43297 503 18 and and CC 43297 503 19 where where WRB 43297 503 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 503 21 excessive excessive JJ 43297 503 22 contraction contraction NN 43297 503 23 can can MD 43297 503 24 be be VB 43297 503 25 neutralized neutralize VBN 43297 503 26 by by IN 43297 503 27 the the DT 43297 503 28 addition addition NN 43297 503 29 of of IN 43297 503 30 other other JJ 43297 503 31 substances substance NNS 43297 503 32 such such JJ 43297 503 33 as as IN 43297 503 34 flint flint NN 43297 503 35 . . . 43297 504 1 The the DT 43297 504 2 = = SYM 43297 504 3 Boulder Boulder NNP 43297 504 4 clays= clays= NN 43297 504 5 occur occur VB 43297 504 6 in in IN 43297 504 7 a a DT 43297 504 8 blanket blanket NN 43297 504 9 - - HYPH 43297 504 10 like like JJ 43297 504 11 covering covering NN 43297 504 12 of of IN 43297 504 13 Drift Drift NNP 43297 504 14 which which WDT 43297 504 15 lies lie VBZ 43297 504 16 over over IN 43297 504 17 the the DT 43297 504 18 greater great JJR 43297 504 19 part part NN 43297 504 20 of of IN 43297 504 21 Northern Northern NNP 43297 504 22 and and CC 43297 504 23 Central Central NNP 43297 504 24 England England NNP 43297 504 25 , , , 43297 504 26 and and CC 43297 504 27 over over IN 43297 504 28 a a DT 43297 504 29 considerable considerable JJ 43297 504 30 portion portion NN 43297 504 31 of of IN 43297 504 32 Scotland Scotland NNP 43297 504 33 and and CC 43297 504 34 Ireland Ireland NNP 43297 504 35 . . . 43297 505 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 505 2 are be VBP 43297 505 3 a a DT 43297 505 4 product product NN 43297 505 5 of of IN 43297 505 6 the the DT 43297 505 7 Ice Ice NNP 43297 505 8 Age Age NNP 43297 505 9 and and CC 43297 505 10 , , , 43297 505 11 whilst whilst IN 43297 505 12 varying vary VBG 43297 505 13 greatly greatly RB 43297 505 14 in in IN 43297 505 15 character character NN 43297 505 16 , , , 43297 505 17 may may MD 43297 505 18 usually usually RB 43297 505 19 be be VB 43297 505 20 distinguished distinguish VBN 43297 505 21 by by IN 43297 505 22 the the DT 43297 505 23 occurrence occurrence NN 43297 505 24 in in IN 43297 505 25 them -PRON- PRP 43297 505 26 of of IN 43297 505 27 rounded rounded JJ 43297 505 28 stones stone NNS 43297 505 29 and and CC 43297 505 30 gravel gravel NN 43297 505 31 , , , 43297 505 32 some some DT 43297 505 33 of of IN 43297 505 34 the the DT 43297 505 35 former former JJ 43297 505 36 bearing bearing NN 43297 505 37 clear clear JJ 43297 505 38 indications indication NNS 43297 505 39 of of IN 43297 505 40 glacial glacial JJ 43297 505 41 action action NN 43297 505 42 . . . 43297 506 1 The the DT 43297 506 2 boulder boulder NN 43297 506 3 clays clay NNS 43297 506 4 are be VBP 43297 506 5 largely largely RB 43297 506 6 used use VBN 43297 506 7 for for IN 43297 506 8 the the DT 43297 506 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 506 10 of of IN 43297 506 11 building build VBG 43297 506 12 bricks brick NNS 43297 506 13 , , , 43297 506 14 but but CC 43297 506 15 the the DT 43297 506 16 strata strata NN 43297 506 17 in in IN 43297 506 18 which which WDT 43297 506 19 they -PRON- PRP 43297 506 20 occur occur VBP 43297 506 21 are be VBP 43297 506 22 so so RB 43297 506 23 irregular irregular JJ 43297 506 24 that that IN 43297 506 25 very very RB 43297 506 26 careful careful JJ 43297 506 27 supervision supervision NN 43297 506 28 of of IN 43297 506 29 the the DT 43297 506 30 digging digging NN 43297 506 31 is be VBZ 43297 506 32 necessary necessary JJ 43297 506 33 . . . 43297 507 1 In in IN 43297 507 2 some some DT 43297 507 3 localities locality NNS 43297 507 4 these these DT 43297 507 5 clays clay NNS 43297 507 6 form form VBP 43297 507 7 beds bed NNS 43297 507 8 12 12 CD 43297 507 9 ft ft NN 43297 507 10 . . . 43297 507 11 or or CC 43297 507 12 more more JJR 43297 507 13 in in IN 43297 507 14 thickness thickness NN 43297 507 15 and and CC 43297 507 16 relatively relatively RB 43297 507 17 free free JJ 43297 507 18 from from IN 43297 507 19 gravel gravel NN 43297 507 20 ; ; : 43297 507 21 in in IN 43297 507 22 other other JJ 43297 507 23 districts district NNS 43297 507 24 the the DT 43297 507 25 clay clay NN 43297 507 26 is be VBZ 43297 507 27 interspersed intersperse VBN 43297 507 28 with with IN 43297 507 29 lenticular lenticular JJ 43297 507 30 deposits deposit NNS 43297 507 31 of of IN 43297 507 32 gravel gravel NN 43297 507 33 or or CC 43297 507 34 sand sand NN 43297 507 35 ( ( -LRB- 43297 507 36 commonly commonly RB 43297 507 37 known know VBN 43297 507 38 as as IN 43297 507 39 ' ' `` 43297 507 40 pockets pocket NNS 43297 507 41 ' ' '' 43297 507 42 ) ) -RRB- 43297 507 43 , , , 43297 507 44 and and CC 43297 507 45 if if IN 43297 507 46 these these DT 43297 507 47 are be VBP 43297 507 48 mixed mix VBN 43297 507 49 with with IN 43297 507 50 the the DT 43297 507 51 clay clay NN 43297 507 52 considerable considerable JJ 43297 507 53 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 507 54 in in IN 43297 507 55 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 507 56 may may MD 43297 507 57 be be VB 43297 507 58 experienced experience VBN 43297 507 59 . . . 43297 508 1 The the DT 43297 508 2 total total JJ 43297 508 3 thickness thickness NN 43297 508 4 of of IN 43297 508 5 the the DT 43297 508 6 drift drift NN 43297 508 7 deposits deposit NNS 43297 508 8 is be VBZ 43297 508 9 often often RB 43297 508 10 very very RB 43297 508 11 great great JJ 43297 508 12 , , , 43297 508 13 as as IN 43297 508 14 in in IN 43297 508 15 the the DT 43297 508 16 cliffs cliff NNS 43297 508 17 at at IN 43297 508 18 Filey Filey NNP 43297 508 19 ( ( -LRB- 43297 508 20 fig fig NN 43297 508 21 . . . 43297 509 1 11 11 LS 43297 509 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 509 3 which which WDT 43297 509 4 are be VBP 43297 509 5 200 200 CD 43297 509 6 ft ft NN 43297 509 7 . . NN 43297 509 8 high high JJ 43297 509 9 . . . 43297 510 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 510 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 510 3 : : : 43297 510 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 510 5 . . . 43297 511 1 11 11 CD 43297 511 2 . . . 43297 512 1 Cliffs cliff NNS 43297 512 2 of of IN 43297 512 3 Boulder Boulder NNP 43297 512 4 clay clay NN 43297 512 5 at at IN 43297 512 6 Filey Filey NNP 43297 512 7 lying lie VBG 43297 512 8 on on IN 43297 512 9 Calcareous Calcareous NNP 43297 512 10 Crag Crag NNP 43297 512 11 . . . 43297 512 12 ] ] -RRB- 43297 513 1 The the DT 43297 513 2 boulder boulder NN 43297 513 3 clays clay NNS 43297 513 4 -- -- : 43297 513 5 considered consider VBN 43297 513 6 apart apart RB 43297 513 7 from from IN 43297 513 8 the the DT 43297 513 9 stones stone NNS 43297 513 10 , , , 43297 513 11 gravel gravel NN 43297 513 12 and and CC 43297 513 13 sandy sandy JJ 43297 513 14 materials material NNS 43297 513 15 occurring occur VBG 43297 513 16 with with IN 43297 513 17 them -PRON- PRP 43297 513 18 -- -- : 43297 513 19 are be VBP 43297 513 20 usually usually RB 43297 513 21 red red JJ 43297 513 22 - - HYPH 43297 513 23 burning burn VBG 43297 513 24 , , , 43297 513 25 stiff stiff JJ 43297 513 26 and and CC 43297 513 27 very very RB 43297 513 28 plastic plastic JJ 43297 513 29 , , , 43297 513 30 but but CC 43297 513 31 the the DT 43297 513 32 gravel gravel NN 43297 513 33 , , , 43297 513 34 sand sand NN 43297 513 35 and and CC 43297 513 36 crushed crush VBD 43297 513 37 stones stone NNS 43297 513 38 mixed mix VBN 43297 513 39 with with IN 43297 513 40 them -PRON- PRP 43297 513 41 in in IN 43297 513 42 the the DT 43297 513 43 formation formation NN 43297 513 44 of of IN 43297 513 45 the the DT 43297 513 46 material material NN 43297 513 47 usually usually RB 43297 513 48 render render VBP 43297 513 49 them -PRON- PRP 43297 513 50 of of IN 43297 513 51 medium medium JJ 43297 513 52 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 513 53 . . . 43297 514 1 By by IN 43297 514 2 careful careful JJ 43297 514 3 washing washing NN 43297 514 4 , , , 43297 514 5 most most JJS 43297 514 6 boulder boulder NN 43297 514 7 clays clay NNS 43297 514 8 may may MD 43297 514 9 be be VB 43297 514 10 purified purify VBN 43297 514 11 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 514 12 to to TO 43297 514 13 enable enable VB 43297 514 14 coarse coarse JJ 43297 514 15 brown brown JJ 43297 514 16 pottery pottery NN 43297 514 17 to to TO 43297 514 18 be be VB 43297 514 19 made make VBN 43297 514 20 from from IN 43297 514 21 them -PRON- PRP 43297 514 22 . . . 43297 515 1 Clean clean JJ 43297 515 2 deposits deposit NNS 43297 515 3 of of IN 43297 515 4 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 515 5 size size NN 43297 515 6 to to TO 43297 515 7 be be VB 43297 515 8 worked work VBN 43297 515 9 without without IN 43297 515 10 any any DT 43297 515 11 purification purification NN 43297 515 12 are be VBP 43297 515 13 occasionally occasionally RB 43297 515 14 found find VBN 43297 515 15 . . . 43297 516 1 Usually usually RB 43297 516 2 , , , 43297 516 3 however however RB 43297 516 4 , , , 43297 516 5 the the DT 43297 516 6 boulder boulder NN 43297 516 7 clay clay NN 43297 516 8 formation formation NN 43297 516 9 is be VBZ 43297 516 10 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 516 11 treacherous treacherous JJ 43297 516 12 as as IN 43297 516 13 it -PRON- PRP 43297 516 14 is be VBZ 43297 516 15 difficult difficult JJ 43297 516 16 to to TO 43297 516 17 ascertain ascertain VB 43297 516 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 516 19 nature nature NN 43297 516 20 ; ; : 43297 516 21 boreholes borehole NNS 43297 516 22 are be VBP 43297 516 23 apt apt JJ 43297 516 24 to to TO 43297 516 25 be be VB 43297 516 26 quite quite RB 43297 516 27 misleading misleading JJ 43297 516 28 as as IN 43297 516 29 the the DT 43297 516 30 formation formation NN 43297 516 31 is be VBZ 43297 516 32 so so RB 43297 516 33 irregular irregular JJ 43297 516 34 in in IN 43297 516 35 character character NN 43297 516 36 . . . 43297 517 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 517 2 , , , 43297 517 3 drift drift NN 43297 517 4 or or CC 43297 517 5 boulder boulder NN 43297 517 6 clays clay NNS 43297 517 7 are be VBP 43297 517 8 poor poor JJ 43297 517 9 soils soil NNS 43297 517 10 , , , 43297 517 11 but but CC 43297 517 12 by by IN 43297 517 13 judicious judicious JJ 43297 517 14 management management NN 43297 517 15 and and CC 43297 517 16 careful careful JJ 43297 517 17 mixing mixing NN 43297 517 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 517 19 may may MD 43297 517 20 be be VB 43297 517 21 made make VBN 43297 517 22 more more RBR 43297 517 23 fertile fertile JJ 43297 517 24 . . . 43297 518 1 Where where WRB 43297 518 2 it -PRON- PRP 43297 518 3 contains contain VBZ 43297 518 4 chalk chalk JJ 43297 518 5 -- -- : 43297 518 6 as as IN 43297 518 7 in in IN 43297 518 8 Norfolk Norfolk NNP 43297 518 9 and and CC 43297 518 10 Suffolk Suffolk NNP 43297 518 11 -- -- : 43297 518 12 boulder boulder NN 43297 518 13 drift drift NN 43297 518 14 forms form VBZ 43297 518 15 an an DT 43297 518 16 excellent excellent JJ 43297 518 17 arable arable JJ 43297 518 18 soil soil NN 43297 518 19 . . . 43297 519 1 = = NFP 43297 519 2 Pleistocene Pleistocene NNP 43297 519 3 or or CC 43297 519 4 Recent recent JJ 43297 519 5 clays= clays= NN 43297 519 6 are be VBP 43297 519 7 amongst amongst IN 43297 519 8 the the DT 43297 519 9 most most RBS 43297 519 10 important important JJ 43297 519 11 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 519 12 materials material NNS 43297 519 13 in in IN 43297 519 14 the the DT 43297 519 15 South South NNP 43297 519 16 of of IN 43297 519 17 England England NNP 43297 519 18 . . . 43297 520 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 520 2 are be VBP 43297 520 3 of of IN 43297 520 4 remarkably remarkably RB 43297 520 5 varied varied JJ 43297 520 6 character character NN 43297 520 7 , , , 43297 520 8 having have VBG 43297 520 9 been be VBN 43297 520 10 derived derive VBN 43297 520 11 from from IN 43297 520 12 a a DT 43297 520 13 number number NN 43297 520 14 of of IN 43297 520 15 other other JJ 43297 520 16 formations formation NNS 43297 520 17 . . . 43297 521 1 Usually usually RB 43297 521 2 the the DT 43297 521 3 deposits deposit NNS 43297 521 4 are be VBP 43297 521 5 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 521 6 shallow shallow JJ 43297 521 7 and and CC 43297 521 8 irregular irregular JJ 43297 521 9 in in IN 43297 521 10 form form NN 43297 521 11 , , , 43297 521 12 but but CC 43297 521 13 beds bed NNS 43297 521 14 of of IN 43297 521 15 considerable considerable JJ 43297 521 16 thickness thickness NN 43297 521 17 occur occur VBP 43297 521 18 in in IN 43297 521 19 some some DT 43297 521 20 localities locality NNS 43297 521 21 . . . 43297 522 1 Agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 522 2 , , , 43297 522 3 they -PRON- PRP 43297 522 4 are be VBP 43297 522 5 of of IN 43297 522 6 considerable considerable JJ 43297 522 7 importance importance NN 43297 522 8 . . . 43297 523 1 Most Most JJS 43297 523 2 of of IN 43297 523 3 the the DT 43297 523 4 = = SYM 43297 523 5 brick brick NN 43297 523 6 earths= earths= VBN 43297 523 7 used use VBN 43297 523 8 in in IN 43297 523 9 the the DT 43297 523 10 south south JJ 43297 523 11 - - HYPH 43297 523 12 east east NN 43297 523 13 of of IN 43297 523 14 England England NNP 43297 523 15 are be VBP 43297 523 16 of of IN 43297 523 17 Recent recent JJ 43297 523 18 formation formation NN 43297 523 19 , , , 43297 523 20 those those DT 43297 523 21 of of IN 43297 523 22 the the DT 43297 523 23 Thames Thames NNP 43297 523 24 Valley Valley NNP 43297 523 25 being be VBG 43297 523 26 of of IN 43297 523 27 special special JJ 43297 523 28 importance importance NN 43297 523 29 in in IN 43297 523 30 this this DT 43297 523 31 connection connection NN 43297 523 32 , , , 43297 523 33 particularly particularly RB 43297 523 34 where where WRB 43297 523 35 they -PRON- PRP 43297 523 36 are be VBP 43297 523 37 associated associate VBN 43297 523 38 with with IN 43297 523 39 chalk chalk NN 43297 523 40 ; ; : 43297 523 41 thus thus RB 43297 523 42 forming form VBG 43297 523 43 natural natural JJ 43297 523 44 _ _ NNP 43297 523 45 marls marl NNS 43297 523 46 _ _ NNP 43297 523 47 or or CC 43297 523 48 enabling enable VBG 43297 523 49 artificial artificial JJ 43297 523 50 marls marl NNS 43297 523 51 to to TO 43297 523 52 be be VB 43297 523 53 produced produce VBN 43297 523 54 . . . 43297 524 1 The the DT 43297 524 2 brick brick NN 43297 524 3 earths earth VBZ 43297 524 4 -- -- : 43297 524 5 in in IN 43297 524 6 the the DT 43297 524 7 sense sense NN 43297 524 8 in in IN 43297 524 9 which which WDT 43297 524 10 this this DT 43297 524 11 term term NN 43297 524 12 is be VBZ 43297 524 13 used use VBN 43297 524 14 in in IN 43297 524 15 the the DT 43297 524 16 south south NN 43297 524 17 -- -- : 43297 524 18 comprise comprise VB 43297 524 19 three three CD 43297 524 20 important important JJ 43297 524 21 types type NNS 43297 524 22 of of IN 43297 524 23 clay clay NN 43297 524 24 : : : 43297 524 25 ( ( -LRB- 43297 524 26 _ _ NNP 43297 524 27 a a DT 43297 524 28 _ _ NNP 43297 524 29 ) ) -RRB- 43297 524 30 _ _ NNP 43297 524 31 Plastic Plastic NNP 43297 524 32 clays clay NNS 43297 524 33 _ _ NNP 43297 524 34 not not RB 43297 524 35 particularly particularly RB 43297 524 36 differentiated differentiate VBN 43297 524 37 from from IN 43297 524 38 those those DT 43297 524 39 already already RB 43297 524 40 described describe VBN 43297 524 41 , , , 43297 524 42 ( ( -LRB- 43297 524 43 _ _ NNP 43297 524 44 b b NNP 43297 524 45 _ _ NNP 43297 524 46 ) ) -RRB- 43297 524 47 _ _ NNP 43297 524 48 Loams Loams NNP 43297 524 49 _ _ NNP 43297 524 50 or or CC 43297 524 51 sandy sandy JJ 43297 524 52 clays clay NNS 43297 524 53 which which WDT 43297 524 54 are be VBP 43297 524 55 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 524 56 plastic plastic NN 43297 524 57 for for IN 43297 524 58 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 524 59 use use NN 43297 524 60 , , , 43297 524 61 have have VBP 43297 524 62 the the DT 43297 524 63 advantage advantage NN 43297 524 64 of of IN 43297 524 65 shrinking shrink VBG 43297 524 66 but but CC 43297 524 67 slightly slightly RB 43297 524 68 in in IN 43297 524 69 drying drying NN 43297 524 70 , , , 43297 524 71 and and CC 43297 524 72 are be VBP 43297 524 73 largely largely RB 43297 524 74 used use VBN 43297 524 75 in in IN 43297 524 76 the the DT 43297 524 77 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 524 78 of of IN 43297 524 79 red red JJ 43297 524 80 facing face VBG 43297 524 81 bricks brick NNS 43297 524 82 and and CC 43297 524 83 as as IN 43297 524 84 light light JJ 43297 524 85 soils soil NNS 43297 524 86 , , , 43297 524 87 and and CC 43297 524 88 ( ( -LRB- 43297 524 89 _ _ NNP 43297 524 90 c c NNP 43297 524 91 _ _ NNP 43297 524 92 ) ) -RRB- 43297 524 93 _ _ NNP 43297 524 94 Marls Marls NNP 43297 524 95 _ _ NNP 43297 524 96 or or CC 43297 524 97 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 524 98 clays clay NNS 43297 524 99 , , , 43297 524 100 used use VBN 43297 524 101 for for IN 43297 524 102 the the DT 43297 524 103 production production NN 43297 524 104 of of IN 43297 524 105 light light NN 43297 524 106 coloured coloured JJ 43297 524 107 or or CC 43297 524 108 white white JJ 43297 524 109 bricks brick NNS 43297 524 110 , , , 43297 524 111 the the DT 43297 524 112 chalk chalk NN 43297 524 113 they -PRON- PRP 43297 524 114 contain contain VBP 43297 524 115 combining combine VBG 43297 524 116 with with IN 43297 524 117 any any DT 43297 524 118 iron iron NN 43297 524 119 compounds compound NNS 43297 524 120 present present JJ 43297 524 121 and and CC 43297 524 122 , , , 43297 524 123 at at IN 43297 524 124 the the DT 43297 524 125 same same JJ 43297 524 126 time time NN 43297 524 127 , , , 43297 524 128 reducing reduce VBG 43297 524 129 the the DT 43297 524 130 contractility contractility NN 43297 524 131 of of IN 43297 524 132 the the DT 43297 524 133 clay clay NN 43297 524 134 . . . 43297 525 1 On on IN 43297 525 2 burning burn VBG 43297 525 3 , , , 43297 525 4 they -PRON- PRP 43297 525 5 form form VBP 43297 525 6 a a DT 43297 525 7 cement cement NN 43297 525 8 which which WDT 43297 525 9 binds bind VBZ 43297 525 10 the the DT 43297 525 11 particles particle NNS 43297 525 12 into into IN 43297 525 13 a a DT 43297 525 14 strong strong JJ 43297 525 15 mass mass NN 43297 525 16 . . . 43297 526 1 These these DT 43297 526 2 are be VBP 43297 526 3 the the DT 43297 526 4 ' ' `` 43297 526 5 true true JJ 43297 526 6 marls marl NNS 43297 526 7 ' ' POS 43297 526 8 or or CC 43297 526 9 ' ' `` 43297 526 10 malms malm NNS 43297 526 11 ' ' POS 43297 526 12 composed compose VBN 43297 526 13 of of IN 43297 526 14 clay clay NN 43297 526 15 and and CC 43297 526 16 chalk chalk NN 43297 526 17 and and CC 43297 526 18 must must MD 43297 526 19 not not RB 43297 526 20 be be VB 43297 526 21 confused confuse VBN 43297 526 22 with with IN 43297 526 23 the the DT 43297 526 24 so so RB 43297 526 25 - - HYPH 43297 526 26 called call VBN 43297 526 27 marls marl NNS 43297 526 28 of of IN 43297 526 29 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 526 30 and and CC 43297 526 31 elsewhere elsewhere RB 43297 526 32 which which WDT 43297 526 33 are be VBP 43297 526 34 almost almost RB 43297 526 35 free free JJ 43297 526 36 from from IN 43297 526 37 lime lime JJ 43297 526 38 compounds compound NNS 43297 526 39 . . . 43297 527 1 There there EX 43297 527 2 is be VBZ 43297 527 3 , , , 43297 527 4 at at IN 43297 527 5 present present NN 43297 527 6 , , , 43297 527 7 no no DT 43297 527 8 definition definition NN 43297 527 9 of of IN 43297 527 10 ' ' `` 43297 527 11 marl marl NNP 43297 527 12 ' ' '' 43297 527 13 which which WDT 43297 527 14 is be VBZ 43297 527 15 quite quite RB 43297 527 16 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 527 17 ; ; : 43297 527 18 a a DT 43297 527 19 maker maker NN 43297 527 20 of of IN 43297 527 21 London London NNP 43297 527 22 stock stock NN 43297 527 23 bricks brick NNS 43297 527 24 understanding understand VBG 43297 527 25 by by IN 43297 527 26 this this DT 43297 527 27 term term NN 43297 527 28 a a DT 43297 527 29 clay clay NN 43297 527 30 containing contain VBG 43297 527 31 at at RB 43297 527 32 least least JJS 43297 527 33 10 10 CD 43297 527 34 per per NN 43297 527 35 cent cent NN 43297 527 36 . . . 43297 528 1 of of IN 43297 528 2 chalk chalk NNP 43297 528 3 ; ; : 43297 528 4 a a DT 43297 528 5 maker maker NN 43297 528 6 of of IN 43297 528 7 white white JJ 43297 528 8 Suffolk Suffolk NNP 43297 528 9 bricks brick VBZ 43297 528 10 a a DT 43297 528 11 material material NN 43297 528 12 containing contain VBG 43297 528 13 at at IN 43297 528 14 least least JJS 43297 528 15 twice twice RB 43297 528 16 this this DT 43297 528 17 amount amount NN 43297 528 18 ; ; : 43297 528 19 an an DT 43297 528 20 agriculturalist agriculturalist NN 43297 528 21 any any DT 43297 528 22 soil soil NN 43297 528 23 , , , 43297 528 24 not not RB 43297 528 25 obviously obviously RB 43297 528 26 sandy sandy JJ 43297 528 27 , , , 43297 528 28 which which WDT 43297 528 29 will will MD 43297 528 30 make make VB 43297 528 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 43297 528 32 clay clay NN 43297 528 33 land land NN 43297 528 34 less less RBR 43297 528 35 sticky sticky JJ 43297 528 36 ; ; : 43297 528 37 and and CC 43297 528 38 many many JJ 43297 528 39 geologists geologist NNS 43297 528 40 any any DT 43297 528 41 friable friable JJ 43297 528 42 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 528 43 earths earth NNS 43297 528 44 . . . 43297 529 1 A a DT 43297 529 2 general general JJ 43297 529 3 consensus consensus NN 43297 529 4 of of IN 43297 529 5 opinion opinion NN 43297 529 6 is be VBZ 43297 529 7 , , , 43297 529 8 however however RB 43297 529 9 , , , 43297 529 10 being be VBG 43297 529 11 gradually gradually RB 43297 529 12 reached reach VBN 43297 529 13 that that IN 43297 529 14 the the DT 43297 529 15 term term NN 43297 529 16 ' ' `` 43297 529 17 marl marl NN 43297 529 18 ' ' '' 43297 529 19 should should MD 43297 529 20 be be VB 43297 529 21 limited limit VBN 43297 529 22 , , , 43297 529 23 as as RB 43297 529 24 far far RB 43297 529 25 as as IN 43297 529 26 possible possible JJ 43297 529 27 , , , 43297 529 28 to to IN 43297 529 29 clays clay NNS 43297 529 30 containing contain VBG 43297 529 31 calcium calcium NN 43297 529 32 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 529 33 in in IN 43297 529 34 a a DT 43297 529 35 finely finely RB 43297 529 36 divided divide VBN 43297 529 37 state state NN 43297 529 38 . . . 43297 530 1 = = NFP 43297 530 2 Alluvial alluvial JJ 43297 530 3 deposits=--which deposits=--which NNS 43297 530 4 are be VBP 43297 530 5 also also RB 43297 530 6 of of IN 43297 530 7 Recent recent JJ 43297 530 8 formation formation NN 43297 530 9 , , , 43297 530 10 though though IN 43297 530 11 still still RB 43297 530 12 of of IN 43297 530 13 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 530 14 age age NN 43297 530 15 for for IN 43297 530 16 skeletons skeleton NNS 43297 530 17 of of IN 43297 530 18 mammoths mammoth NNS 43297 530 19 to to TO 43297 530 20 be be VB 43297 530 21 found find VBN 43297 530 22 in in IN 43297 530 23 them -PRON- PRP 43297 530 24 -- -- : 43297 530 25 are be VBP 43297 530 26 of of IN 43297 530 27 so so RB 43297 530 28 variable variable JJ 43297 530 29 a a DT 43297 530 30 nature nature NN 43297 530 31 as as IN 43297 530 32 to to TO 43297 530 33 render render VB 43297 530 34 any any DT 43297 530 35 brief brief JJ 43297 530 36 , , , 43297 530 37 general general JJ 43297 530 38 description description NN 43297 530 39 impossible impossible JJ 43297 530 40 . . . 43297 531 1 Many many JJ 43297 531 2 of of IN 43297 531 3 them -PRON- PRP 43297 531 4 are be VBP 43297 531 5 so so RB 43297 531 6 contaminated contaminate VBN 43297 531 7 with with IN 43297 531 8 sand sand NN 43297 531 9 and and CC 43297 531 10 crushed crush VBD 43297 531 11 limestone limestone NN 43297 531 12 as as IN 43297 531 13 to to TO 43297 531 14 be be VB 43297 531 15 useless useless JJ 43297 531 16 for for IN 43297 531 17 manufacturing manufacture VBG 43297 531 18 purposes purpose NNS 43297 531 19 and and CC 43297 531 20 of of IN 43297 531 21 small small JJ 43297 531 22 value value NN 43297 531 23 agriculturally agriculturally RB 43297 531 24 , , , 43297 531 25 but but CC 43297 531 26 others other NNS 43297 531 27 are be VBP 43297 531 28 important important JJ 43297 531 29 in in IN 43297 531 30 both both PDT 43297 531 31 these these DT 43297 531 32 respects respect NNS 43297 531 33 . . . 43297 532 1 Further further JJ 43297 532 2 details detail NNS 43297 532 3 of of IN 43297 532 4 the the DT 43297 532 5 occurrence occurrence NN 43297 532 6 of of IN 43297 532 7 clays clay NNS 43297 532 8 in in IN 43297 532 9 the the DT 43297 532 10 various various JJ 43297 532 11 formations formation NNS 43297 532 12 described describe VBN 43297 532 13 will will MD 43297 532 14 be be VB 43297 532 15 found find VBN 43297 532 16 in in IN 43297 532 17 the the DT 43297 532 18 _ _ NNP 43297 532 19 Maps Maps NNPS 43297 532 20 and and CC 43297 532 21 Memoirs Memoirs NNPS 43297 532 22 of of IN 43297 532 23 the the DT 43297 532 24 Geological Geological NNP 43297 532 25 Survey Survey NNP 43297 532 26 _ _ NNP 43297 532 27 and and CC 43297 532 28 in in IN 43297 532 29 the the DT 43297 532 30 author author NN 43297 532 31 's 's POS 43297 532 32 _ _ NNP 43297 532 33 British British NNP 43297 532 34 Clays Clays NNP 43297 532 35 _ _ NNP 43297 532 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 532 37 2 2 CD 43297 532 38 ) ) -RRB- 43297 532 39 . . . 43297 533 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 43297 533 2 III III NNP 43297 533 3 THE the DT 43297 533 4 ORIGINS origin NNS 43297 533 5 OF of IN 43297 533 6 CLAYS clay NNS 43297 533 7 The the DT 43297 533 8 terms term NNS 43297 533 9 ' ' POS 43297 533 10 primary primary JJ 43297 533 11 ' ' '' 43297 533 12 and and CC 43297 533 13 ' ' `` 43297 533 14 residual residual JJ 43297 533 15 ' ' '' 43297 533 16 are be VBP 43297 533 17 applied apply VBN 43297 533 18 to to IN 43297 533 19 those those DT 43297 533 20 clays clay NNS 43297 533 21 which which WDT 43297 533 22 are be VBP 43297 533 23 found find VBN 43297 533 24 overlying overlying NN 43297 533 25 or or CC 43297 533 26 in in IN 43297 533 27 close close JJ 43297 533 28 association association NN 43297 533 29 with with IN 43297 533 30 the the DT 43297 533 31 rocks rock NNS 43297 533 32 from from IN 43297 533 33 which which WDT 43297 533 34 they -PRON- PRP 43297 533 35 have have VBP 43297 533 36 been be VBN 43297 533 37 derived derive VBN 43297 533 38 , , , 43297 533 39 and and CC 43297 533 40 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 533 41 them -PRON- PRP 43297 533 42 from from IN 43297 533 43 the the DT 43297 533 44 ' ' `` 43297 533 45 secondary secondary JJ 43297 533 46 ' ' '' 43297 533 47 or or CC 43297 533 48 ' ' `` 43297 533 49 transported transport VBN 43297 533 50 ' ' '' 43297 533 51 clays clay NNS 43297 533 52 which which WDT 43297 533 53 have have VBP 43297 533 54 been be VBN 43297 533 55 carried carry VBN 43297 533 56 some some DT 43297 533 57 distance distance NN 43297 533 58 away away RB 43297 533 59 from from IN 43297 533 60 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 533 61 place place NN 43297 533 62 of of IN 43297 533 63 origin origin NN 43297 533 64 . . . 43297 534 1 = = NFP 43297 534 2 Residual residual JJ 43297 534 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 534 4 may may MD 43297 534 5 be be VB 43297 534 6 formed form VBN 43297 534 7 by by IN 43297 534 8 the the DT 43297 534 9 simple simple JJ 43297 534 10 removal removal NN 43297 534 11 of of IN 43297 534 12 other other JJ 43297 534 13 materials material NNS 43297 534 14 , , , 43297 534 15 the the DT 43297 534 16 clay clay NN 43297 534 17 remaining remain VBG 43297 534 18 behind behind RB 43297 534 19 , , , 43297 534 20 as as IN 43297 534 21 in in IN 43297 534 22 the the DT 43297 534 23 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 534 24 of of IN 43297 534 25 some some DT 43297 534 26 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 534 27 limestones limestone NNS 43297 534 28 , , , 43297 534 29 in in IN 43297 534 30 which which WDT 43297 534 31 the the DT 43297 534 32 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 534 33 matter matter NN 43297 534 34 has have VBZ 43297 534 35 been be VBN 43297 534 36 removed remove VBN 43297 534 37 by by IN 43297 534 38 solution solution NN 43297 534 39 whilst whilst IN 43297 534 40 the the DT 43297 534 41 clay clay NN 43297 534 42 is be VBZ 43297 534 43 unaffected unaffected JJ 43297 534 44 . . . 43297 535 1 Such such PDT 43297 535 2 a a DT 43297 535 3 clay clay NN 43297 535 4 is be VBZ 43297 535 5 not not RB 43297 535 6 a a DT 43297 535 7 primary primary JJ 43297 535 8 one one NN 43297 535 9 as as IN 43297 535 10 it -PRON- PRP 43297 535 11 has have VBZ 43297 535 12 probably probably RB 43297 535 13 been be VBN 43297 535 14 derived derive VBN 43297 535 15 from from IN 43297 535 16 some some DT 43297 535 17 distant distant JJ 43297 535 18 source source NN 43297 535 19 and and CC 43297 535 20 , , , 43297 535 21 having have VBG 43297 535 22 been be VBN 43297 535 23 deposited deposit VBN 43297 535 24 along along IN 43297 535 25 with with IN 43297 535 26 the the DT 43297 535 27 limestone limestone NN 43297 535 28 ooze ooze NN 43297 535 29 , , , 43297 535 30 has have VBZ 43297 535 31 formed form VBN 43297 535 32 an an DT 43297 535 33 intimate intimate JJ 43297 535 34 mixture mixture NN 43297 535 35 from from IN 43297 535 36 which which WDT 43297 535 37 the the DT 43297 535 38 limestone limestone NN 43297 535 39 has have VBZ 43297 535 40 , , , 43297 535 41 at at IN 43297 535 42 a a DT 43297 535 43 later later RB 43297 535 44 geological geological JJ 43297 535 45 epoch epoch NN 43297 535 46 , , , 43297 535 47 been be VBN 43297 535 48 removed remove VBN 43297 535 49 in in IN 43297 535 50 the the DT 43297 535 51 manner manner NN 43297 535 52 indicated indicate VBD 43297 535 53 . . . 43297 536 1 Residual residual JJ 43297 536 2 clays clay NNS 43297 536 3 are be VBP 43297 536 4 seldom seldom RB 43297 536 5 pure pure JJ 43297 536 6 , , , 43297 536 7 being be VBG 43297 536 8 often often RB 43297 536 9 rich rich JJ 43297 536 10 in in IN 43297 536 11 iron iron NN 43297 536 12 compounds compound NNS 43297 536 13 , , , 43297 536 14 though though IN 43297 536 15 the the DT 43297 536 16 white white JJ 43297 536 17 clays clay NNS 43297 536 18 of of IN 43297 536 19 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 536 20 and and CC 43297 536 21 Derbyshire Derbyshire NNP 43297 536 22 are be VBP 43297 536 23 highly highly RB 43297 536 24 refractory refractory JJ 43297 536 25 . . . 43297 537 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 537 2 is be VBZ 43297 537 3 seldom seldom RB 43297 537 4 necessary necessary JJ 43297 537 5 to to TO 43297 537 6 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 537 7 residual residual JJ 43297 537 8 clays clay NNS 43297 537 9 from from IN 43297 537 10 other other JJ 43297 537 11 secondary secondary JJ 43297 537 12 or or CC 43297 537 13 transported transport VBN 43297 537 14 ones one NNS 43297 537 15 ( ( -LRB- 43297 537 16 Chapters Chapters NNPS 43297 537 17 II II NNP 43297 537 18 and and CC 43297 537 19 IV IV NNP 43297 537 20 ) ) -RRB- 43297 537 21 . . . 43297 538 1 = = NFP 43297 538 2 Primary primary JJ 43297 538 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 538 4 , , , 43297 538 5 on on IN 43297 538 6 the the DT 43297 538 7 contrary contrary NN 43297 538 8 , , , 43297 538 9 have have VBP 43297 538 10 been be VBN 43297 538 11 derived derive VBN 43297 538 12 from from IN 43297 538 13 rocks rock NNS 43297 538 14 which which WDT 43297 538 15 have have VBP 43297 538 16 undergone undergo VBN 43297 538 17 chemical chemical JJ 43297 538 18 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 538 19 , , , 43297 538 20 one one CD 43297 538 21 of of IN 43297 538 22 the the DT 43297 538 23 products product NNS 43297 538 24 being be VBG 43297 538 25 clay clay NN 43297 538 26 . . . 43297 539 1 The the DT 43297 539 2 most most RBS 43297 539 3 important important JJ 43297 539 4 primary primary JJ 43297 539 5 clays clay NNS 43297 539 6 are be VBP 43297 539 7 the the DT 43297 539 8 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 539 9 , , , 43297 539 10 which which WDT 43297 539 11 are be VBP 43297 539 12 derived derive VBN 43297 539 13 from from IN 43297 539 14 the the DT 43297 539 15 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 539 16 of of IN 43297 539 17 felspar felspar NN 43297 539 18 , , , 43297 539 19 but but CC 43297 539 20 other other JJ 43297 539 21 primary primary JJ 43297 539 22 clays clay NNS 43297 539 23 derived derive VBN 43297 539 24 from from IN 43297 539 25 other other JJ 43297 539 26 minerals mineral NNS 43297 539 27 are be VBP 43297 539 28 known know VBN 43297 539 29 , , , 43297 539 30 though though IN 43297 539 31 less less RBR 43297 539 32 frequently frequently RB 43297 539 33 mentioned mention VBN 43297 539 34 . . . 43297 540 1 The the DT 43297 540 2 _ _ NNP 43297 540 3 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 540 4 _ _ NNP 43297 540 5 are be VBP 43297 540 6 primary primary JJ 43297 540 7 clays[10 clays[10 NN 43297 540 8 ] ] -RRB- 43297 540 9 formed form VBN 43297 540 10 by by IN 43297 540 11 the the DT 43297 540 12 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 540 13 of of IN 43297 540 14 felspar felspar NNS 43297 540 15 and and CC 43297 540 16 occur occur VB 43297 540 17 in in IN 43297 540 18 many many JJ 43297 540 19 parts part NNS 43297 540 20 of of IN 43297 540 21 the the DT 43297 540 22 world world NN 43297 540 23 . . . 43297 541 1 In in IN 43297 541 2 Great Great NNP 43297 541 3 Britain Britain NNP 43297 541 4 the the DT 43297 541 5 most most RBS 43297 541 6 important important JJ 43297 541 7 are be VBP 43297 541 8 the the DT 43297 541 9 china china NNP 43297 541 10 clays clay NNS 43297 541 11 found find VBN 43297 541 12 in in IN 43297 541 13 Devon Devon NNP 43297 541 14 and and CC 43297 541 15 Cornwall Cornwall NNP 43297 541 16 , , , 43297 541 17 which which WDT 43297 541 18 occur occur VBP 43297 541 19 in in IN 43297 541 20 association association NN 43297 541 21 with with IN 43297 541 22 the the DT 43297 541 23 granite granite NN 43297 541 24 from from IN 43297 541 25 which which WDT 43297 541 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 541 27 have have VBP 43297 541 28 been be VBN 43297 541 29 formed form VBN 43297 541 30 . . . 43297 542 1 The the DT 43297 542 2 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 542 3 in in IN 43297 542 4 Germany Germany NNP 43297 542 5 are be VBP 43297 542 6 , , , 43297 542 7 apparently apparently RB 43297 542 8 , , , 43297 542 9 of of IN 43297 542 10 similar similar JJ 43297 542 11 origin origin NN 43297 542 12 , , , 43297 542 13 though though IN 43297 542 14 some some DT 43297 542 15 are be VBP 43297 542 16 derived derive VBN 43297 542 17 from from IN 43297 542 18 porphyry porphyry NN 43297 542 19 and and CC 43297 542 20 not not RB 43297 542 21 from from IN 43297 542 22 granite granite NN 43297 542 23 ; ; : 43297 542 24 they -PRON- PRP 43297 542 25 are be VBP 43297 542 26 the the DT 43297 542 27 chief chief JJ 43297 542 28 material material NN 43297 542 29 used use VBN 43297 542 30 in in IN 43297 542 31 the the DT 43297 542 32 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 542 33 of of IN 43297 542 34 Dresden Dresden NNP 43297 542 35 , , , 43297 542 36 Meissen Meissen NNP 43297 542 37 , , , 43297 542 38 Berlin Berlin NNP 43297 542 39 and and CC 43297 542 40 other other JJ 43297 542 41 porcelains porcelain NNS 43297 542 42 . . . 43297 543 1 The the DT 43297 543 2 French french JJ 43297 543 3 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 543 4 from from IN 43297 543 5 St St NNP 43297 543 6 Yrieux Yrieux NNP 43297 543 7 and and CC 43297 543 8 Limousin Limousin NNP 43297 543 9 are be VBP 43297 543 10 said say VBN 43297 543 11 by by IN 43297 543 12 Granger Granger NNP 43297 543 13 ( ( -LRB- 43297 543 14 17 17 CD 43297 543 15 ) ) -RRB- 43297 543 16 to to TO 43297 543 17 be be VB 43297 543 18 derived derive VBN 43297 543 19 from from IN 43297 543 20 gneiss gneiss NNP 43297 543 21 amphibole amphibole NN 43297 543 22 . . . 43297 544 1 The the DT 43297 544 2 American american JJ 43297 544 3 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 544 4 have have VBP 43297 544 5 , , , 43297 544 6 according accord VBG 43297 544 7 to to IN 43297 544 8 Ries Ries NNP 43297 544 9 ( ( -LRB- 43297 544 10 6 6 CD 43297 544 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 544 12 , , , 43297 544 13 been be VBN 43297 544 14 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 544 15 formed form VBN 43297 544 16 from from IN 43297 544 17 the the DT 43297 544 18 weathering weathering NN 43297 544 19 of of IN 43297 544 20 pegmatite pegmatite JJ 43297 544 21 veins vein NNS 43297 544 22 , , , 43297 544 23 but but CC 43297 544 24 the the DT 43297 544 25 origin origin NN 43297 544 26 of of IN 43297 544 27 some some DT 43297 544 28 important important JJ 43297 544 29 deposits deposit NNS 43297 544 30 in in IN 43297 544 31 Texas Texas NNP 43297 544 32 and and CC 43297 544 33 Indiana Indiana NNP 43297 544 34 has have VBZ 43297 544 35 not not RB 43297 544 36 yet yet RB 43297 544 37 been be VBN 43297 544 38 fully fully RB 43297 544 39 explained explain VBN 43297 544 40 . . . 43297 545 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 545 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 43297 545 3 10 10 CD 43297 545 4 : : : 43297 545 5 Some some DT 43297 545 6 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 545 7 in in IN 43297 545 8 central central JJ 43297 545 9 Europe Europe NNP 43297 545 10 appear appear VBP 43297 545 11 to to TO 43297 545 12 have have VB 43297 545 13 been be VBN 43297 545 14 transported transport VBN 43297 545 15 and and CC 43297 545 16 of of IN 43297 545 17 secondary secondary JJ 43297 545 18 origin origin NN 43297 545 19 . . . 43297 545 20 ] ] -RRB- 43297 546 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 546 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 546 3 : : : 43297 546 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 546 5 . . . 43297 547 1 12 12 CD 43297 547 2 . . . 43297 548 1 China China NNP 43297 548 2 clay clay NN 43297 548 3 pit pit NN 43297 548 4 belonging belong VBG 43297 548 5 to to IN 43297 548 6 the the DT 43297 548 7 North North NNP 43297 548 8 Cornwall Cornwall NNP 43297 548 9 China China NNP 43297 548 10 Clay Clay NNP 43297 548 11 Co. Co. NNP 43297 548 12 ( ( -LRB- 43297 548 13 _ _ NNP 43297 548 14 By by IN 43297 548 15 courtesy courtesy NN 43297 548 16 of of IN 43297 548 17 W. W. NNP 43297 548 18 H. H. NNP 43297 548 19 Patchell Patchell NNP 43297 548 20 Esq Esq NNP 43297 548 21 . . . 43297 548 22 _ _ NNP 43297 548 23 ) ) -RRB- 43297 548 24 ] ] -RRB- 43297 548 25 The the DT 43297 548 26 corresponding corresponding JJ 43297 548 27 material material NN 43297 548 28 used use VBN 43297 548 29 by by IN 43297 548 30 the the DT 43297 548 31 Chinese Chinese NNPS 43297 548 32 for for IN 43297 548 33 the the DT 43297 548 34 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 548 35 of of IN 43297 548 36 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 548 37 bears bear VBZ 43297 548 38 a a DT 43297 548 39 name name NN 43297 548 40 which which WDT 43297 548 41 is be VBZ 43297 548 42 really really RB 43297 548 43 that that DT 43297 548 44 of of IN 43297 548 45 the the DT 43297 548 46 place place NN 43297 548 47 from from IN 43297 548 48 whence whence NN 43297 548 49 it -PRON- PRP 43297 548 50 was be VBD 43297 548 51 originally originally RB 43297 548 52 obtained obtain VBN 43297 548 53 ; ; : 43297 548 54 the the DT 43297 548 55 term term NN 43297 548 56 _ _ NNP 43297 548 57 Kao Kao NNP 43297 548 58 - - HYPH 43297 548 59 ling ling NNP 43297 548 60 _ _ NNP 43297 548 61 indicates indicate VBZ 43297 548 62 merely merely RB 43297 548 63 a a DT 43297 548 64 high high JJ 43297 548 65 ridge ridge NN 43297 548 66 . . . 43297 549 1 According accord VBG 43297 549 2 to to IN 43297 549 3 Richthofen Richthofen NNP 43297 549 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 549 5 18 18 CD 43297 549 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 549 7 the the DT 43297 549 8 rock rock NN 43297 549 9 from from IN 43297 549 10 which which WDT 43297 549 11 Chinese chinese JJ 43297 549 12 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 549 13 is be VBZ 43297 549 14 made make VBN 43297 549 15 is be VBZ 43297 549 16 not not RB 43297 549 17 a a DT 43297 549 18 true true JJ 43297 549 19 kaolin kaolin NN 43297 549 20 , , , 43297 549 21 but but CC 43297 549 22 is be VBZ 43297 549 23 allied ally VBN 43297 549 24 to to IN 43297 549 25 the the DT 43297 549 26 _ _ NNP 43297 549 27 jades jades NNPS 43297 549 28 _ _ NNP 43297 549 29 . . . 43297 550 1 The the DT 43297 550 2 term term NN 43297 550 3 ' ' `` 43297 550 4 kaolin kaolin NN 43297 550 5 ' ' '' 43297 550 6 is be VBZ 43297 550 7 therefore therefore RB 43297 550 8 a a DT 43297 550 9 misnomer misnomer NN 43297 550 10 when when WRB 43297 550 11 applied apply VBN 43297 550 12 to to IN 43297 550 13 white white JJ 43297 550 14 - - HYPH 43297 550 15 burning burn VBG 43297 550 16 , , , 43297 550 17 primary primary JJ 43297 550 18 clays clay NNS 43297 550 19 generally generally RB 43297 550 20 , , , 43297 550 21 but but CC 43297 550 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 550 23 use use NN 43297 550 24 has have VBZ 43297 550 25 become become VBN 43297 550 26 so so RB 43297 550 27 firmly firmly RB 43297 550 28 established establish VBN 43297 550 29 as as IN 43297 550 30 to to TO 43297 550 31 render render VB 43297 550 32 it -PRON- PRP 43297 550 33 permanent permanent JJ 43297 550 34 . . . 43297 551 1 Kaolins Kaolins NNP 43297 551 2 are be VBP 43297 551 3 seldom seldom RB 43297 551 4 found find VBN 43297 551 5 in in IN 43297 551 6 a a DT 43297 551 7 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 551 8 pure pure JJ 43297 551 9 state state NN 43297 551 10 to to TO 43297 551 11 be be VB 43297 551 12 used use VBN 43297 551 13 direct direct JJ 43297 551 14 , , , 43297 551 15 but but CC 43297 551 16 must must MD 43297 551 17 be be VB 43297 551 18 freed free VBN 43297 551 19 from from IN 43297 551 20 large large JJ 43297 551 21 amounts amount NNS 43297 551 22 of of IN 43297 551 23 undecomposed undecomposed JJ 43297 551 24 rock rock NN 43297 551 25 , , , 43297 551 26 quartz quartz NNP 43297 551 27 , , , 43297 551 28 mica mica NNP 43297 551 29 , , , 43297 551 30 etc etc FW 43297 551 31 . . FW 43297 551 32 , , , 43297 551 33 by by IN 43297 551 34 a a DT 43297 551 35 process process NN 43297 551 36 of of IN 43297 551 37 washing washing NN 43297 551 38 and and CC 43297 551 39 sedimentation sedimentation NN 43297 551 40 . . . 43297 552 1 When when WRB 43297 552 2 purified purify VBN 43297 552 3 in in IN 43297 552 4 this this DT 43297 552 5 manner manner NN 43297 552 6 , , , 43297 552 7 the the DT 43297 552 8 best good JJS 43297 552 9 qualities quality NNS 43297 552 10 of of IN 43297 552 11 china china NNP 43297 552 12 clay clay NNP 43297 552 13 yield yield NNP 43297 552 14 , , , 43297 552 15 on on IN 43297 552 16 analysis analysis NN 43297 552 17 , , , 43297 552 18 alumina alumina NNP 43297 552 19 , , , 43297 552 20 silica silica NNP 43297 552 21 and and CC 43297 552 22 water water NN 43297 552 23 in in IN 43297 552 24 the the DT 43297 552 25 proportions proportion NNS 43297 552 26 indicated indicate VBN 43297 552 27 by by IN 43297 552 28 the the DT 43297 552 29 formula formula NN 43297 552 30 H4Al2Si2O9 H4Al2Si2O9 VBZ 43297 552 31 together together RB 43297 552 32 with with IN 43297 552 33 about about RB 43297 552 34 5 5 CD 43297 552 35 per per NN 43297 552 36 cent cent NN 43297 552 37 . . . 43297 553 1 of of IN 43297 553 2 mica mica NNP 43297 553 3 and and CC 43297 553 4 other other JJ 43297 553 5 impurities impurity NNS 43297 553 6 . . . 43297 554 1 Some some DT 43297 554 2 high high JJ 43297 554 3 class class NN 43297 554 4 commercial commercial JJ 43297 554 5 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 554 6 contain contain VBP 43297 554 7 over over IN 43297 554 8 30 30 CD 43297 554 9 per per NN 43297 554 10 cent cent NN 43297 554 11 . . . 43297 555 1 of of IN 43297 555 2 mica mica NNP 43297 555 3 and and CC 43297 555 4 10 10 CD 43297 555 5 per per NN 43297 555 6 cent cent NN 43297 555 7 . . . 43297 556 1 of of IN 43297 556 2 quartz quartz NNP 43297 556 3 . . . 43297 557 1 The the DT 43297 557 2 chief chief JJ 43297 557 3 constituents constituent NNS 43297 557 4 of of IN 43297 557 5 rocks rock NNS 43297 557 6 which which WDT 43297 557 7 take take VBP 43297 557 8 part part NN 43297 557 9 in in IN 43297 557 10 the the DT 43297 557 11 production production NN 43297 557 12 of of IN 43297 557 13 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 557 14 appear appear VBP 43297 557 15 to to TO 43297 557 16 be be VB 43297 557 17 the the DT 43297 557 18 felspars felspar NNS 43297 557 19 , , , 43297 557 20 but but CC 43297 557 21 the the DT 43297 557 22 natural natural JJ 43297 557 23 processes process NNS 43297 557 24 by by IN 43297 557 25 which which WDT 43297 557 26 these these DT 43297 557 27 felspars felspar NNS 43297 557 28 are be VBP 43297 557 29 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 557 30 are be VBP 43297 557 31 by by IN 43297 557 32 no no DT 43297 557 33 means means NN 43297 557 34 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 557 35 understood understand VBN 43297 557 36 . . . 43297 558 1 Some some DT 43297 558 2 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 558 3 appear appear VBP 43297 558 4 to to TO 43297 558 5 have have VB 43297 558 6 been be VBN 43297 558 7 formed form VBN 43297 558 8 by by IN 43297 558 9 weathering weather VBG 43297 558 10 and and CC 43297 558 11 others other NNS 43297 558 12 by by IN 43297 558 13 subaerial subaerial JJ 43297 558 14 action action NN 43297 558 15 . . . 43297 559 1 Thus thus RB 43297 559 2 Collins Collins NNP 43297 559 3 ( ( -LRB- 43297 559 4 19 19 CD 43297 559 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 559 6 has have VBZ 43297 559 7 stated state VBN 43297 559 8 very very RB 43297 559 9 emphatically emphatically RB 43297 559 10 that that IN 43297 559 11 the the DT 43297 559 12 kaolinization kaolinization NN 43297 559 13 of of IN 43297 559 14 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 559 15 felspar felspar NNS 43297 559 16 has have VBZ 43297 559 17 been be VBN 43297 559 18 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 559 19 effected effect VBN 43297 559 20 by by IN 43297 559 21 fluorine fluorine NN 43297 559 22 and and CC 43297 559 23 other other JJ 43297 559 24 substances substance NNS 43297 559 25 rising rise VBG 43297 559 26 from from IN 43297 559 27 below below RB 43297 559 28 and and CC 43297 559 29 not not RB 43297 559 30 by by IN 43297 559 31 carbonic carbonic JJ 43297 559 32 acid acid NN 43297 559 33 and and CC 43297 559 34 water water NN 43297 559 35 acting act VBG 43297 559 36 from from IN 43297 559 37 above above RB 43297 559 38 . . . 43297 560 1 Ries rie NNS 43297 560 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 560 3 6 6 CD 43297 560 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 560 5 and and CC 43297 560 6 other other JJ 43297 560 7 American american JJ 43297 560 8 observers observer NNS 43297 560 9 are be VBP 43297 560 10 equally equally RB 43297 560 11 convinced convinced JJ 43297 560 12 that that IN 43297 560 13 certain certain JJ 43297 560 14 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 560 15 they -PRON- PRP 43297 560 16 have have VBP 43297 560 17 examined examine VBN 43297 560 18 are be VBP 43297 560 19 the the DT 43297 560 20 result result NN 43297 560 21 of of IN 43297 560 22 ' ' `` 43297 560 23 weathering weathering NN 43297 560 24 . . . 43297 560 25 ' ' '' 43297 561 1 German german JJ 43297 561 2 and and CC 43297 561 3 French french JJ 43297 561 4 investigators investigator NNS 43297 561 5 are be VBP 43297 561 6 divided divide VBN 43297 561 7 in in IN 43297 561 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 561 9 opinions opinion NNS 43297 561 10 , , , 43297 561 11 and and CC 43297 561 12 Fuchs Fuchs NNP 43297 561 13 has have VBZ 43297 561 14 found find VBN 43297 561 15 that that IN 43297 561 16 the the DT 43297 561 17 Passau Passau NNP 43297 561 18 ( ( -LRB- 43297 561 19 Saxony Saxony NNP 43297 561 20 ) ) -RRB- 43297 561 21 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 561 22 is be VBZ 43297 561 23 derived derive VBN 43297 561 24 from from IN 43297 561 25 a a DT 43297 561 26 special special JJ 43297 561 27 mineral mineral NN 43297 561 28 , , , 43297 561 29 not not RB 43297 561 30 unlike unlike IN 43297 561 31 a a DT 43297 561 32 soda soda NN 43297 561 33 - - HYPH 43297 561 34 lime lime NN 43297 561 35 felspar felspar VBZ 43297 561 36 deficient deficient RB 43297 561 37 in in IN 43297 561 38 silica silica NNP 43297 561 39 , , , 43297 561 40 to to TO 43297 561 41 which which WDT 43297 561 42 he -PRON- PRP 43297 561 43 has have VBZ 43297 561 44 given give VBN 43297 561 45 the the DT 43297 561 46 name name NN 43297 561 47 ' ' `` 43297 561 48 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 561 49 spar spar NNS 43297 561 50 . . . 43297 561 51 ' ' '' 43297 562 1 The the DT 43297 562 2 _ _ NNP 43297 562 3 felspars felspar NNS 43297 562 4 _ _ NNP 43297 562 5 form form VBP 43297 562 6 a a DT 43297 562 7 class class NN 43297 562 8 of of IN 43297 562 9 minerals mineral NNS 43297 562 10 whose whose WP$ 43297 562 11 chief chief JJ 43297 562 12 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 562 13 is be VBZ 43297 562 14 the the DT 43297 562 15 combination combination NN 43297 562 16 of of IN 43297 562 17 an an DT 43297 562 18 alkaline alkaline NN 43297 562 19 or or CC 43297 562 20 alkaline alkaline NN 43297 562 21 - - HYPH 43297 562 22 earth earth NN 43297 562 23 base base NN 43297 562 24 with with IN 43297 562 25 silica silica NNP 43297 562 26 and and CC 43297 562 27 alumina alumina NNP 43297 562 28 . . . 43297 563 1 Orthoclase Orthoclase NNP 43297 563 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 563 3 K2OAl2O3·6SiO2)--the K2OAl2O3·6SiO2)--the NNP 43297 563 4 chief chief JJ 43297 563 5 potassium potassium NN 43297 563 6 felspar felspar VBZ 43297 563 7 -- -- : 43297 563 8 is be VBZ 43297 563 9 typical typical JJ 43297 563 10 of of IN 43297 563 11 the the DT 43297 563 12 whole whole JJ 43297 563 13 class class NN 43297 563 14 . . . 43297 564 1 When when WRB 43297 564 2 treated treat VBN 43297 564 3 with with IN 43297 564 4 water water NN 43297 564 5 under under IN 43297 564 6 suitable suitable JJ 43297 564 7 conditions condition NNS 43297 564 8 , , , 43297 564 9 the the DT 43297 564 10 felspar felspar NN 43297 564 11 appears appear VBZ 43297 564 12 to to TO 43297 564 13 become become VB 43297 564 14 hydrolysed hydrolysed JJ 43297 564 15 and and CC 43297 564 16 some some DT 43297 564 17 of of IN 43297 564 18 the the DT 43297 564 19 water water NN 43297 564 20 enters enter VBZ 43297 564 21 into into IN 43297 564 22 combination combination NN 43297 564 23 , , , 43297 564 24 the the DT 43297 564 25 potash potash NN 43297 564 26 being be VBG 43297 564 27 removed remove VBN 43297 564 28 by by IN 43297 564 29 solution solution NN 43297 564 30 . . . 43297 565 1 Attempts attempt NNS 43297 565 2 to to TO 43297 565 3 effect effect VB 43297 565 4 this this DT 43297 565 5 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 565 6 artificially artificially RB 43297 565 7 have have VBP 43297 565 8 proved prove VBN 43297 565 9 abortive abortive JJ 43297 565 10 though though IN 43297 565 11 several several JJ 43297 565 12 investigators investigator NNS 43297 565 13 appear appear VBP 43297 565 14 to to TO 43297 565 15 have have VB 43297 565 16 effected effect VBN 43297 565 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 565 18 to to IN 43297 565 19 a a DT 43297 565 20 limited limited JJ 43297 565 21 extent extent NN 43297 565 22 by by IN 43297 565 23 electrolysis electrolysis NN 43297 565 24 or or CC 43297 565 25 by by IN 43297 565 26 heating heat VBG 43297 565 27 under under IN 43297 565 28 great great JJ 43297 565 29 pressure pressure NN 43297 565 30 ( ( -LRB- 43297 565 31 3 3 CD 43297 565 32 ) ) -RRB- 43297 565 33 . . . 43297 566 1 The the DT 43297 566 2 effect effect NN 43297 566 3 on on IN 43297 566 4 felspars felspar NNS 43297 566 5 of of IN 43297 566 6 waters water NNS 43297 566 7 containing contain VBG 43297 566 8 carbon carbon NN 43297 566 9 dioxide dioxide NN 43297 566 10 in in IN 43297 566 11 solution solution NN 43297 566 12 has have VBZ 43297 566 13 been be VBN 43297 566 14 studied study VBN 43297 566 15 by by IN 43297 566 16 Forschammer Forschammer NNP 43297 566 17 , , , 43297 566 18 Vogt Vogt NNP 43297 566 19 , , , 43297 566 20 and and CC 43297 566 21 others other NNS 43297 566 22 , , , 43297 566 23 and and CC 43297 566 24 they -PRON- PRP 43297 566 25 have have VBP 43297 566 26 concluded conclude VBN 43297 566 27 that that IN 43297 566 28 kaolinization kaolinization NN 43297 566 29 may may MD 43297 566 30 occur occur VB 43297 566 31 with with IN 43297 566 32 this this DT 43297 566 33 agent agent NN 43297 566 34 though though IN 43297 566 35 it -PRON- PRP 43297 566 36 does do VBZ 43297 566 37 not not RB 43297 566 38 appear appear VB 43297 566 39 to to TO 43297 566 40 be be VB 43297 566 41 the the DT 43297 566 42 chief chief JJ 43297 566 43 cause cause NN 43297 566 44 in in IN 43297 566 45 the the DT 43297 566 46 formation formation NN 43297 566 47 of of IN 43297 566 48 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 566 49 china china NNP 43297 566 50 clays clay NNS 43297 566 51 . . . 43297 567 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 567 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 567 3 : : : 43297 567 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 567 5 . . . 43297 568 1 13 13 CD 43297 568 2 . . . 43297 569 1 Orthoclase Orthoclase NNP 43297 569 2 Felspar Felspar NNP 43297 569 3 , , , 43297 569 4 natural natural JJ 43297 569 5 size size NN 43297 569 6 . . . 43297 570 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 570 2 _ _ NNP 43297 570 3 From from IN 43297 570 4 Miers Miers NNP 43297 570 5 _ _ NNP 43297 570 6 ' ' '' 43297 570 7 Mineralogy Mineralogy NNP 43297 570 8 _ _ NNP 43297 570 9 by by IN 43297 570 10 permission permission NN 43297 570 11 of of IN 43297 570 12 Macmillan Macmillan NNP 43297 570 13 & & CC 43297 570 14 Co. Co. NNP 43297 570 15 _ _ NNP 43297 570 16 ) ) -RRB- 43297 570 17 ] ] -RRB- 43297 570 18 The the DT 43297 570 19 probable probable JJ 43297 570 20 effect effect NN 43297 570 21 of of IN 43297 570 22 fluoric fluoric JJ 43297 570 23 vapours vapour NNS 43297 570 24 has have VBZ 43297 570 25 been be VBN 43297 570 26 studied study VBN 43297 570 27 by by IN 43297 570 28 Collins Collins NNP 43297 570 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 570 30 19 19 CD 43297 570 31 ) ) -RRB- 43297 570 32 who who WP 43297 570 33 confirmed confirm VBD 43297 570 34 von von NNP 43297 570 35 Buch Buch NNP 43297 570 36 's 's POS 43297 570 37 observation observation NN 43297 570 38 that that IN 43297 570 39 fluorides fluoride VBZ 43297 570 40 ( ( -LRB- 43297 570 41 particularly particularly RB 43297 570 42 lepidolite lepidolite JJ 43297 570 43 and and CC 43297 570 44 tourmaline tourmaline NN 43297 570 45 ) ) -RRB- 43297 570 46 are be VBP 43297 570 47 constantly constantly RB 43297 570 48 associated associate VBN 43297 570 49 with with IN 43297 570 50 china china NNP 43297 570 51 clay clay NNP 43297 570 52 ; ; : 43297 570 53 he -PRON- PRP 43297 570 54 found find VBD 43297 570 55 by by IN 43297 570 56 direct direct JJ 43297 570 57 experiment experiment NN 43297 570 58 that that IN 43297 570 59 felspar felspar NN 43297 570 60 is be VBZ 43297 570 61 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 570 62 by by IN 43297 570 63 hydrofluoric hydrofluoric NN 43297 570 64 acid acid NN 43297 570 65 at at IN 43297 570 66 the the DT 43297 570 67 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 570 68 temperature temperature NN 43297 570 69 without without IN 43297 570 70 the the DT 43297 570 71 other other JJ 43297 570 72 constituents constituent NNS 43297 570 73 of of IN 43297 570 74 the the DT 43297 570 75 granite granite NN 43297 570 76 in in IN 43297 570 77 which which WDT 43297 570 78 it -PRON- PRP 43297 570 79 occurs occur VBZ 43297 570 80 being be VBG 43297 570 81 affected affect VBN 43297 570 82 . . . 43297 571 1 This this DT 43297 571 2 theory theory NN 43297 571 3 is be VBZ 43297 571 4 confirmed confirm VBN 43297 571 5 by by IN 43297 571 6 the the DT 43297 571 7 great great JJ 43297 571 8 depths depth NNS 43297 571 9 of of IN 43297 571 10 the the DT 43297 571 11 kaolin kaolin JJ 43297 571 12 deposits deposit NNS 43297 571 13 in in IN 43297 571 14 Cornwall Cornwall NNP 43297 571 15 and and CC 43297 571 16 in in IN 43297 571 17 Zettlitz Zettlitz NNP 43297 571 18 ( ( -LRB- 43297 571 19 Bohemia Bohemia NNP 43297 571 20 ) ) -RRB- 43297 571 21 which which WDT 43297 571 22 appear appear VBP 43297 571 23 to to TO 43297 571 24 be be VB 43297 571 25 too too RB 43297 571 26 great great JJ 43297 571 27 to to TO 43297 571 28 render render VB 43297 571 29 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 571 30 any any DT 43297 571 31 theory theory NN 43297 571 32 of of IN 43297 571 33 simple simple JJ 43297 571 34 weathering weathering NN 43297 571 35 though though IN 43297 571 36 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 571 37 in in IN 43297 571 38 other other JJ 43297 571 39 localities locality NNS 43297 571 40 , , , 43297 571 41 especially especially RB 43297 571 42 in in IN 43297 571 43 America America NNP 43297 571 44 , , , 43297 571 45 appear appear VB 43297 571 46 to to TO 43297 571 47 be be VB 43297 571 48 largely largely RB 43297 571 49 the the DT 43297 571 50 result result NN 43297 571 51 of of IN 43297 571 52 weathering weathering NN 43297 571 53 . . . 43297 572 1 According accord VBG 43297 572 2 to to IN 43297 572 3 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 572 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 572 5 36 36 CD 43297 572 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 572 7 the the DT 43297 572 8 product product NN 43297 572 9 of of IN 43297 572 10 the the DT 43297 572 11 action action NN 43297 572 12 of of IN 43297 572 13 hydrofluoric hydrofluoric NN 43297 572 14 acid acid NN 43297 572 15 ' ' '' 43297 572 16 has have VBZ 43297 572 17 not not RB 43297 572 18 the the DT 43297 572 19 remotest remotest NN 43297 572 20 resemblance resemblance NN 43297 572 21 to to IN 43297 572 22 china china NNP 43297 572 23 clay clay NNP 43297 572 24 . . . 43297 572 25 ' ' '' 43297 573 1 Kaolin Kaolin NNP 43297 573 2 , , , 43297 573 3 when when WRB 43297 573 4 carefully carefully RB 43297 573 5 freed free VBN 43297 573 6 from from IN 43297 573 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 573 8 impurities impurity NNS 43297 573 9 , , , 43297 573 10 as as RB 43297 573 11 far far RB 43297 573 12 as as IN 43297 573 13 this this DT 43297 573 14 is be VBZ 43297 573 15 possible possible JJ 43297 573 16 , , , 43297 573 17 is be VBZ 43297 573 18 peculiarly peculiarly RB 43297 573 19 resistant resistant JJ 43297 573 20 to to IN 43297 573 21 the the DT 43297 573 22 action action NN 43297 573 23 of of IN 43297 573 24 water water NN 43297 573 25 . . . 43297 574 1 This this DT 43297 574 2 resistance resistance NN 43297 574 3 may may MD 43297 574 4 be be VB 43297 574 5 due due IN 43297 574 6 to to IN 43297 574 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 574 8 highly highly RB 43297 574 9 complex complex JJ 43297 574 10 constitution constitution NN 43297 574 11 , , , 43297 574 12 as as IN 43297 574 13 the the DT 43297 574 14 simpler simple JJR 43297 574 15 hydro hydro NNP 43297 574 16 - - HYPH 43297 574 17 alumino alumino NNP 43297 574 18 - - HYPH 43297 574 19 silicates silicate NNS 43297 574 20 , , , 43297 574 21 such such JJ 43297 574 22 as as IN 43297 574 23 collyrite collyrite NN 43297 574 24 , , , 43297 574 25 show show VB 43297 574 26 an an DT 43297 574 27 acid acid JJ 43297 574 28 reaction reaction NN 43297 574 29 when when WRB 43297 574 30 ground ground NN 43297 574 31 with with IN 43297 574 32 water water NN 43297 574 33 . . . 43297 575 1 Rohland Rohland NNP 43297 575 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 575 3 5 5 CD 43297 575 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 575 5 , , , 43297 575 6 therefore therefore RB 43297 575 7 , , , 43297 575 8 suggests suggest VBZ 43297 575 9 that that IN 43297 575 10 kaolinization kaolinization NNP 43297 575 11 is be VBZ 43297 575 12 effected effect VBN 43297 575 13 by by IN 43297 575 14 water water NN 43297 575 15 first first RB 43297 575 16 hydrolysing hydrolyse VBG 43297 575 17 the the DT 43297 575 18 felspar felspar NNS 43297 575 19 and and CC 43297 575 20 forming form VBG 43297 575 21 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 575 22 silica silica NN 43297 575 23 and and CC 43297 575 24 sodium sodium NN 43297 575 25 or or CC 43297 575 26 potassium potassium NN 43297 575 27 hydroxides hydroxide NNS 43297 575 28 which which WDT 43297 575 29 are be VBP 43297 575 30 removed remove VBN 43297 575 31 whilst whilst IN 43297 575 32 the the DT 43297 575 33 complex complex JJ 43297 575 34 alumino alumino JJ 43297 575 35 - - HYPH 43297 575 36 silicate silicate NN 43297 575 37 remains remain VBZ 43297 575 38 in in IN 43297 575 39 the the DT 43297 575 40 form form NN 43297 575 41 of of IN 43297 575 42 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 575 43 . . . 43297 576 1 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 576 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 576 3 36 36 CD 43297 576 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 576 5 , , , 43297 576 6 on on IN 43297 576 7 the the DT 43297 576 8 contrary contrary NN 43297 576 9 , , , 43297 576 10 believes believe VBZ 43297 576 11 that that IN 43297 576 12 the the DT 43297 576 13 action action NN 43297 576 14 of of IN 43297 576 15 the the DT 43297 576 16 weather weather NN 43297 576 17 on on IN 43297 576 18 felspar felspar NNP 43297 576 19 produces produce VBZ 43297 576 20 secondary secondary JJ 43297 576 21 muscovite muscovite NN 43297 576 22 -- -- : 43297 576 23 a a DT 43297 576 24 form form NN 43297 576 25 of of IN 43297 576 26 mica mica NNP 43297 576 27 -- -- : 43297 576 28 and and CC 43297 576 29 that that IN 43297 576 30 this this DT 43297 576 31 is be VBZ 43297 576 32 , , , 43297 576 33 later later RB 43297 576 34 , , , 43297 576 35 converted convert VBD 43297 576 36 into into IN 43297 576 37 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 576 38 or or CC 43297 576 39 china china NNP 43297 576 40 clay clay NNP 43297 576 41 ( ( -LRB- 43297 576 42 fig fig NN 43297 576 43 . . . 43297 577 1 17 17 CD 43297 577 2 , , , 43297 577 3 p. p. NN 43297 577 4 105 105 CD 43297 577 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 577 6 . . . 43297 578 1 The the DT 43297 578 2 various various JJ 43297 578 3 theories theory NNS 43297 578 4 which which WDT 43297 578 5 have have VBP 43297 578 6 been be VBN 43297 578 7 propounded propound VBN 43297 578 8 may may MD 43297 578 9 be be VB 43297 578 10 summarized summarize VBN 43297 578 11 into into IN 43297 578 12 three three CD 43297 578 13 main main JJ 43297 578 14 classes class NNS 43297 578 15 , , , 43297 578 16 and and CC 43297 578 17 whilst whilst IN 43297 578 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 578 19 is be VBZ 43297 578 20 probable probable JJ 43297 578 21 that that IN 43297 578 22 any any DT 43297 578 23 one one CD 43297 578 24 of of IN 43297 578 25 them -PRON- PRP 43297 578 26 , , , 43297 578 27 or or CC 43297 578 28 any any DT 43297 578 29 one one CD 43297 578 30 combination combination NN 43297 578 31 , , , 43297 578 32 may may MD 43297 578 33 be be VB 43297 578 34 true true JJ 43297 578 35 for for IN 43297 578 36 a a DT 43297 578 37 particular particular JJ 43297 578 38 kaolin kaolin NN 43297 578 39 , , , 43297 578 40 yet yet CC 43297 578 41 the the DT 43297 578 42 whole whole JJ 43297 578 43 process process NN 43297 578 44 of of IN 43297 578 45 kaolinization kaolinization NN 43297 578 46 is be VBZ 43297 578 47 so so RB 43297 578 48 complex complex JJ 43297 578 49 and and CC 43297 578 50 the the DT 43297 578 51 conditions condition NNS 43297 578 52 under under IN 43297 578 53 which which WDT 43297 578 54 it -PRON- PRP 43297 578 55 has have VBZ 43297 578 56 occurred occur VBN 43297 578 57 appear appear VBP 43297 578 58 to to TO 43297 578 59 be be VB 43297 578 60 so so RB 43297 578 61 diverse diverse JJ 43297 578 62 that that IN 43297 578 63 it -PRON- PRP 43297 578 64 is be VBZ 43297 578 65 doubtful doubtful JJ 43297 578 66 if if IN 43297 578 67 any any DT 43297 578 68 simple simple JJ 43297 578 69 theory theory NN 43297 578 70 can can MD 43297 578 71 be be VB 43297 578 72 devised devise VBN 43297 578 73 which which WDT 43297 578 74 will will MD 43297 578 75 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 43297 578 76 meet meet VB 43297 578 77 all all DT 43297 578 78 cases case NNS 43297 578 79 . . . 43297 579 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 579 2 _ _ NNP 43297 579 3 a a DT 43297 579 4 _ _ NNP 43297 579 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 579 6 The the DT 43297 579 7 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 579 8 of of IN 43297 579 9 the the DT 43297 579 10 granite granite NN 43297 579 11 , , , 43297 579 12 and and CC 43297 579 13 particularly particularly RB 43297 579 14 of of IN 43297 579 15 the the DT 43297 579 16 felspar felspar NNS 43297 579 17 within within IN 43297 579 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 579 19 , , , 43297 579 20 may may MD 43297 579 21 be be VB 43297 579 22 ascribed ascribe VBN 43297 579 23 to to TO 43297 579 24 purely purely RB 43297 579 25 chemical chemical VB 43297 579 26 reactions reaction NNS 43297 579 27 in in IN 43297 579 28 which which WDT 43297 579 29 the the DT 43297 579 30 chief chief JJ 43297 579 31 agents agent NNS 43297 579 32 are be VBP 43297 579 33 water water NN 43297 579 34 and and CC 43297 579 35 carbon carbon NN 43297 579 36 dioxide dioxide NN 43297 579 37 . . . 43297 580 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 580 2 _ _ NNP 43297 580 3 b b NNP 43297 580 4 _ _ NNP 43297 580 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 580 6 Other other JJ 43297 580 7 substances substance NNS 43297 580 8 -- -- : 43297 580 9 possibly possibly RB 43297 580 10 of of IN 43297 580 11 an an DT 43297 580 12 organic organic JJ 43297 580 13 nature nature NN 43297 580 14 and and CC 43297 580 15 derived derive VBN 43297 580 16 from from IN 43297 580 17 the the DT 43297 580 18 soil soil NN 43297 580 19 -- -- : 43297 580 20 may may MD 43297 580 21 have have VB 43297 580 22 played play VBN 43297 580 23 an an DT 43297 580 24 important important JJ 43297 580 25 part part NN 43297 580 26 . . . 43297 581 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 581 2 _ _ NNP 43297 581 3 c c NNP 43297 581 4 _ _ NNP 43297 581 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 581 6 Wet Wet NNP 43297 581 7 steam steam NN 43297 581 8 and and CC 43297 581 9 hot hot JJ 43297 581 10 solutions solution NNS 43297 581 11 of of IN 43297 581 12 fluorine fluorine NN 43297 581 13 , , , 43297 581 14 boron boron NN 43297 581 15 or or CC 43297 581 16 sulphur sulphur NN 43297 581 17 compounds compound NNS 43297 581 18 may may MD 43297 581 19 have have VB 43297 581 20 effected effect VBN 43297 581 21 the the DT 43297 581 22 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 581 23 . . . 43297 582 1 The the DT 43297 582 2 recent recent JJ 43297 582 3 progress progress NN 43297 582 4 made make VBN 43297 582 5 in in IN 43297 582 6 the the DT 43297 582 7 application application NN 43297 582 8 of of IN 43297 582 9 the the DT 43297 582 10 laws law NNS 43297 582 11 of of IN 43297 582 12 physical physical JJ 43297 582 13 chemistry chemistry NN 43297 582 14 to to IN 43297 582 15 geological geological JJ 43297 582 16 problems problem NNS 43297 582 17 is be VBZ 43297 582 18 continually continually RB 43297 582 19 throwing throw VBG 43297 582 20 fresh fresh JJ 43297 582 21 light light NN 43297 582 22 on on IN 43297 582 23 this this DT 43297 582 24 interesting interesting JJ 43297 582 25 subject subject NN 43297 582 26 . . . 43297 583 1 Thus thus RB 43297 583 2 , , , 43297 583 3 studies study NNS 43297 583 4 of of IN 43297 583 5 the the DT 43297 583 6 dissociation dissociation NN 43297 583 7 pressures pressure NNS 43297 583 8 and and CC 43297 583 9 transition transition NN 43297 583 10 points point NNS 43297 583 11 between between IN 43297 583 12 the the DT 43297 583 13 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 43297 583 14 and and CC 43297 583 15 the the DT 43297 583 16 hydrous hydrous JJ 43297 583 17 states state NNS 43297 583 18 of of IN 43297 583 19 various various JJ 43297 583 20 substances substance NNS 43297 583 21 and and CC 43297 583 22 the the DT 43297 583 23 effect effect NN 43297 583 24 of of IN 43297 583 25 water water NN 43297 583 26 as as IN 43297 583 27 a a DT 43297 583 28 powerful powerful JJ 43297 583 29 agent agent NN 43297 583 30 of of IN 43297 583 31 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 583 32 ( ( -LRB- 43297 583 33 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN 43297 583 34 ) ) -RRB- 43297 583 35 have have VBP 43297 583 36 shown show VBN 43297 583 37 that that IN 43297 583 38 hydration hydration NN 43297 583 39 is be VBZ 43297 583 40 a a DT 43297 583 41 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 583 42 result result NN 43297 583 43 of of IN 43297 583 44 decompositions decomposition NNS 43297 583 45 occurring occur VBG 43297 583 46 in in IN 43297 583 47 the the DT 43297 583 48 upper upper JJ 43297 583 49 portions portion NNS 43297 583 50 of of IN 43297 583 51 the the DT 43297 583 52 earth earth NN 43297 583 53 's 's POS 43297 583 54 crust crust NN 43297 583 55 and and CC 43297 583 56 not not RB 43297 583 57 in in IN 43297 583 58 the the DT 43297 583 59 lower low JJR 43297 583 60 ones one NNS 43297 583 61 , , , 43297 583 62 and and CC 43297 583 63 that that IN 43297 583 64 it -PRON- PRP 43297 583 65 is be VBZ 43297 583 66 usually usually RB 43297 583 67 checked check VBN 43297 583 68 , , , 43297 583 69 or or CC 43297 583 70 even even RB 43297 583 71 reversed reverse VBN 43297 583 72 , , , 43297 583 73 when when WRB 43297 583 74 the the DT 43297 583 75 substance substance NN 43297 583 76 is be VBZ 43297 583 77 under under IN 43297 583 78 great great JJ 43297 583 79 pressure pressure NN 43297 583 80 . . . 43297 584 1 At at IN 43297 584 2 great great JJ 43297 584 3 depths depth NNS 43297 584 4 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 584 5 and and CC 43297 584 6 other other JJ 43297 584 7 complex complex JJ 43297 584 8 hydrous hydrous JJ 43297 584 9 silicates silicate NNS 43297 584 10 give give VB 43297 584 11 place place NN 43297 584 12 to to IN 43297 584 13 anhydrous anhydrous JJ 43297 584 14 ones one NNS 43297 584 15 such such JJ 43297 584 16 as as IN 43297 584 17 muscovite muscovite NNP 43297 584 18 , , , 43297 584 19 andalusite andalusite NNP 43297 584 20 and and CC 43297 584 21 staurolite staurolite JJ 43297 584 22 . . . 43297 585 1 There there EX 43297 585 2 is be VBZ 43297 585 3 , , , 43297 585 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 585 5 , , , 43297 585 6 good good JJ 43297 585 7 reason reason NN 43297 585 8 to to TO 43297 585 9 believe believe VB 43297 585 10 that that IN 43297 585 11 the the DT 43297 585 12 kaolinization kaolinization NN 43297 585 13 of of IN 43297 585 14 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 585 15 felspar felspar NN 43297 585 16 has have VBZ 43297 585 17 occurred occur VBN 43297 585 18 at at IN 43297 585 19 only only JJ 43297 585 20 moderate moderate JJ 43297 585 21 depths depth NNS 43297 585 22 from from IN 43297 585 23 the the DT 43297 585 24 surface surface NN 43297 585 25 and and CC 43297 585 26 that that IN 43297 585 27 it -PRON- PRP 43297 585 28 has have VBZ 43297 585 29 been be VBN 43297 585 30 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 585 31 produced produce VBN 43297 585 32 by by IN 43297 585 33 the the DT 43297 585 34 action action NN 43297 585 35 of of IN 43297 585 36 water water NN 43297 585 37 containing contain VBG 43297 585 38 acid acid JJ 43297 585 39 gases gas NNS 43297 585 40 in in IN 43297 585 41 solution solution NN 43297 585 42 . . . 43297 586 1 The the DT 43297 586 2 acid acid NN 43297 586 3 in in IN 43297 586 4 the the DT 43297 586 5 water water NN 43297 586 6 may may MD 43297 586 7 have have VB 43297 586 8 been be VBN 43297 586 9 absorbed absorb VBN 43297 586 10 from from IN 43297 586 11 the the DT 43297 586 12 atmosphere atmosphere NN 43297 586 13 , , , 43297 586 14 or or CC 43297 586 15 it -PRON- PRP 43297 586 16 may may MD 43297 586 17 be be VB 43297 586 18 due due IN 43297 586 19 to to IN 43297 586 20 vapours vapour NNS 43297 586 21 rising rise VBG 43297 586 22 from from IN 43297 586 23 below below RB 43297 586 24 through through IN 43297 586 25 the the DT 43297 586 26 felspathic felspathic JJ 43297 586 27 material material NN 43297 586 28 . . . 43297 587 1 In in IN 43297 587 2 Great Great NNP 43297 587 3 Britain Britain NNP 43297 587 4 , , , 43297 587 5 china china NNP 43297 587 6 clay clay NNP 43297 587 7 occurs occur VBZ 43297 587 8 in in IN 43297 587 9 the the DT 43297 587 10 form form NN 43297 587 11 of of IN 43297 587 12 powdery powdery NN 43297 587 13 particles particle NNS 43297 587 14 apparently apparently RB 43297 587 15 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 587 16 , , , 43297 587 17 but but CC 43297 587 18 containing contain VBG 43297 587 19 some some DT 43297 587 20 crystals crystal NNS 43297 587 21 , , , 43297 587 22 scattered scatter VBN 43297 587 23 through through IN 43297 587 24 a a DT 43297 587 25 mass mass NN 43297 587 26 of of IN 43297 587 27 harder hard JJR 43297 587 28 rock rock NN 43297 587 29 , , , 43297 587 30 the the DT 43297 587 31 whole whole JJ 43297 587 32 being be VBG 43297 587 33 known know VBN 43297 587 34 as as IN 43297 587 35 china china NNP 43297 587 36 clay clay NNP 43297 587 37 rock rock NNP 43297 587 38 or or CC 43297 587 39 ' ' `` 43297 587 40 carclazite carclazite JJ 43297 587 41 . . . 43297 587 42 ' ' '' 43297 588 1 The the DT 43297 588 2 softer soft JJR 43297 588 3 portions portion NNS 43297 588 4 of of IN 43297 588 5 this this DT 43297 588 6 china china NNP 43297 588 7 clay clay NNP 43297 588 8 rock rock NNP 43297 588 9 are be VBP 43297 588 10 known know VBN 43297 588 11 as as IN 43297 588 12 ' ' `` 43297 588 13 growan growan NN 43297 588 14 ' ' '' 43297 588 15 and and CC 43297 588 16 the the DT 43297 588 17 china china NNP 43297 588 18 clay clay NN 43297 588 19 in in IN 43297 588 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 588 21 represents represent VBZ 43297 588 22 only only RB 43297 588 23 a a DT 43297 588 24 small small JJ 43297 588 25 proportion proportion NN 43297 588 26 of of IN 43297 588 27 the the DT 43297 588 28 whole whole JJ 43297 588 29 material material NN 43297 588 30 . . . 43297 589 1 The the DT 43297 589 2 finer fine JJR 43297 589 3 particles particle NNS 43297 589 4 of of IN 43297 589 5 clay clay NN 43297 589 6 and and CC 43297 589 7 other other JJ 43297 589 8 materials material NNS 43297 589 9 are be VBP 43297 589 10 removed remove VBN 43297 589 11 by by IN 43297 589 12 treatment treatment NN 43297 589 13 with with IN 43297 589 14 water water NN 43297 589 15 , , , 43297 589 16 whereby whereby WRB 43297 589 17 one one CD 43297 589 18 - - HYPH 43297 589 19 third third NN 43297 589 20 to to IN 43297 589 21 one one CD 43297 589 22 - - HYPH 43297 589 23 eighth eighth NN 43297 589 24 of of IN 43297 589 25 the the DT 43297 589 26 material material NN 43297 589 27 is be VBZ 43297 589 28 separated separate VBN 43297 589 29 . . . 43297 590 1 This this DT 43297 590 2 small small JJ 43297 590 3 proportion proportion NN 43297 590 4 is be VBZ 43297 590 5 then then RB 43297 590 6 subjected subject VBN 43297 590 7 to to IN 43297 590 8 further further JJ 43297 590 9 washing washing NN 43297 590 10 and and CC 43297 590 11 sedimentation sedimentation NN 43297 590 12 in in IN 43297 590 13 order order NN 43297 590 14 to to TO 43297 590 15 obtain obtain VB 43297 590 16 the the DT 43297 590 17 china china NNP 43297 590 18 clay clay NN 43297 590 19 in in IN 43297 590 20 a a DT 43297 590 21 state state NN 43297 590 22 of of IN 43297 590 23 commercial commercial JJ 43297 590 24 purity purity NN 43297 590 25 . . . 43297 591 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 591 2 will will MD 43297 591 3 thus thus RB 43297 591 4 be be VB 43297 591 5 understood understand VBN 43297 591 6 that that IN 43297 591 7 the the DT 43297 591 8 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 591 9 china china NNP 43297 591 10 clays clay NNS 43297 591 11 are be VBP 43297 591 12 not not RB 43297 591 13 ' ' `` 43297 591 14 deposits deposit NNS 43297 591 15 ' ' '' 43297 591 16 in in IN 43297 591 17 the the DT 43297 591 18 usual usual JJ 43297 591 19 acceptation acceptation NN 43297 591 20 of of IN 43297 591 21 that that DT 43297 591 22 term term NN 43297 591 23 , , , 43297 591 24 the the DT 43297 591 25 soft soft JJ 43297 591 26 growan growan NN 43297 591 27 from from IN 43297 591 28 which which WDT 43297 591 29 they -PRON- PRP 43297 591 30 are be VBP 43297 591 31 obtained obtain VBN 43297 591 32 being be VBG 43297 591 33 almost almost RB 43297 591 34 invariably invariably RB 43297 591 35 the the DT 43297 591 36 result result NN 43297 591 37 of of IN 43297 591 38 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 591 39 _ _ NNP 43297 591 40 in in IN 43297 591 41 situ situ VBN 43297 591 42 _ _ NNP 43297 591 43 of of IN 43297 591 44 some some DT 43297 591 45 species specie NNS 43297 591 46 of of IN 43297 591 47 felspar felspar NNS 43297 591 48 in in IN 43297 591 49 disintegrated disintegrate VBN 43297 591 50 granite granite NN 43297 591 51 . . . 43297 592 1 The the DT 43297 592 2 commercial commercial JJ 43297 592 3 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 592 4 of of IN 43297 592 5 France France NNP 43297 592 6 , , , 43297 592 7 Germany Germany NNP 43297 592 8 , , , 43297 592 9 America America NNP 43297 592 10 and and CC 43297 592 11 China China NNP 43297 592 12 very very RB 43297 592 13 closely closely RB 43297 592 14 resemble resemble VBP 43297 592 15 the the DT 43297 592 16 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 592 17 china china NNP 43297 592 18 clays clay NNS 43297 592 19 in in IN 43297 592 20 composition composition NN 43297 592 21 , , , 43297 592 22 but but CC 43297 592 23 when when WRB 43297 592 24 used use VBN 43297 592 25 in in IN 43297 592 26 the the DT 43297 592 27 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 592 28 of of IN 43297 592 29 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 592 30 they -PRON- PRP 43297 592 31 create create VBP 43297 592 32 differences difference NNS 43297 592 33 in in IN 43297 592 34 the the DT 43297 592 35 finished finished JJ 43297 592 36 material material NN 43297 592 37 which which WDT 43297 592 38 are be VBP 43297 592 39 clearly clearly RB 43297 592 40 noticeable noticeable JJ 43297 592 41 , , , 43297 592 42 though though IN 43297 592 43 microscopical microscopical JJ 43297 592 44 examination examination NN 43297 592 45 and and CC 43297 592 46 chemical chemical NN 43297 592 47 analysis analysis NN 43297 592 48 , , , 43297 592 49 at at IN 43297 592 50 present present NN 43297 592 51 , , , 43297 592 52 fail fail VBP 43297 592 53 to to TO 43297 592 54 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 592 55 between between IN 43297 592 56 them -PRON- PRP 43297 592 57 in in IN 43297 592 58 the the DT 43297 592 59 raw raw JJ 43297 592 60 state state NN 43297 592 61 on on IN 43297 592 62 account account NN 43297 592 63 of of IN 43297 592 64 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 592 65 great great JJ 43297 592 66 resistance resistance NN 43297 592 67 to to IN 43297 592 68 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 592 69 chemical chemical NN 43297 592 70 and and CC 43297 592 71 physical physical JJ 43297 592 72 forces force NNS 43297 592 73 . . . 43297 593 1 In in IN 43297 593 2 addition addition NN 43297 593 3 to to IN 43297 593 4 the the DT 43297 593 5 breaking breaking NN 43297 593 6 up up RP 43297 593 7 of of IN 43297 593 8 felspathic felspathic JJ 43297 593 9 rocks rock NNS 43297 593 10 with with IN 43297 593 11 the the DT 43297 593 12 formation formation NN 43297 593 13 of of IN 43297 593 14 china china NNP 43297 593 15 clay clay NNP 43297 593 16 or or CC 43297 593 17 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 593 18 ( ( -LRB- 43297 593 19 kaolinization kaolinization NNP 43297 593 20 ) ) -RRB- 43297 593 21 , , , 43297 593 22 other other JJ 43297 593 23 decompositions decomposition NNS 43297 593 24 which which WDT 43297 593 25 occur occur VBP 43297 593 26 may may MD 43297 593 27 result result VB 43297 593 28 in in IN 43297 593 29 the the DT 43297 593 30 formation formation NN 43297 593 31 of of IN 43297 593 32 clays clay NNS 43297 593 33 , , , 43297 593 34 and and CC 43297 593 35 an an DT 43297 593 36 examination examination NN 43297 593 37 of of IN 43297 593 38 a a DT 43297 593 39 considerable considerable JJ 43297 593 40 number number NN 43297 593 41 of of IN 43297 593 42 clays clay NNS 43297 593 43 by by IN 43297 593 44 J. J. NNP 43297 593 45 M. M. NNP 43297 593 46 van van NNP 43297 593 47 Bemmelen Bemmelen NNP 43297 593 48 ( ( -LRB- 43297 593 49 26 26 CD 43297 593 50 ) ) -RRB- 43297 593 51 has have VBZ 43297 593 52 led lead VBN 43297 593 53 him -PRON- PRP 43297 593 54 to to TO 43297 593 55 suppose suppose VB 43297 593 56 that that IN 43297 593 57 several several JJ 43297 593 58 different different JJ 43297 593 59 clay clay NN 43297 593 60 - - HYPH 43297 593 61 forming form VBG 43297 593 62 forces force NNS 43297 593 63 have have VBP 43297 593 64 been be VBN 43297 593 65 at at IN 43297 593 66 work work NN 43297 593 67 in in IN 43297 593 68 the the DT 43297 593 69 production production NN 43297 593 70 of of IN 43297 593 71 clays clay NNS 43297 593 72 . . . 43297 594 1 He -PRON- PRP 43297 594 2 classifies classify VBZ 43297 594 3 these these DT 43297 594 4 under under IN 43297 594 5 four four CD 43297 594 6 heads head NNS 43297 594 7 : : : 43297 594 8 ( ( -LRB- 43297 594 9 1 1 LS 43297 594 10 ) ) -RRB- 43297 594 11 _ _ NNP 43297 594 12 Kaolinization Kaolinization NNP 43297 594 13 _ _ NNP 43297 594 14 , , , 43297 594 15 or or CC 43297 594 16 the the DT 43297 594 17 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 594 18 of of IN 43297 594 19 felspathic felspathic JJ 43297 594 20 and and CC 43297 594 21 similar similar JJ 43297 594 22 rocks rock NNS 43297 594 23 by by IN 43297 594 24 the the DT 43297 594 25 action action NN 43297 594 26 of of IN 43297 594 27 telluric telluric NN 43297 594 28 water water NN 43297 594 29 containing contain VBG 43297 594 30 active active JJ 43297 594 31 gases gas NNS 43297 594 32 in in IN 43297 594 33 solution solution NN 43297 594 34 . . . 43297 595 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 595 2 2 2 LS 43297 595 3 ) ) -RRB- 43297 595 4 _ _ NNP 43297 595 5 Ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 595 6 weathering weather VBG 43297 595 7 _ _ NNP 43297 595 8 in in IN 43297 595 9 which which WDT 43297 595 10 the the DT 43297 595 11 action action NN 43297 595 12 is be VBZ 43297 595 13 largely largely RB 43297 595 14 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 595 15 , , , 43297 595 16 but but CC 43297 595 17 is be VBZ 43297 595 18 accompanied accompany VBN 43297 595 19 by by IN 43297 595 20 some some DT 43297 595 21 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN 43297 595 22 owing owe VBG 43297 595 23 to to IN 43297 595 24 the the DT 43297 595 25 impurities impurity NNS 43297 595 26 contained contain VBN 43297 595 27 in in IN 43297 595 28 the the DT 43297 595 29 water water NN 43297 595 30 which which WDT 43297 595 31 is be VBZ 43297 595 32 an an DT 43297 595 33 essential essential JJ 43297 595 34 factor factor NN 43297 595 35 . . . 43297 596 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 596 2 3 3 LS 43297 596 3 ) ) -RRB- 43297 596 4 _ _ NNP 43297 596 5 Lateritic lateritic JJ 43297 596 6 action_--or action_--or NNP 43297 596 7 simple simple JJ 43297 596 8 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 596 9 by by IN 43297 596 10 heat heat NN 43297 596 11 -- -- : 43297 596 12 which which WDT 43297 596 13 occurs occur VBZ 43297 596 14 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 596 15 under under IN 43297 596 16 tropical tropical JJ 43297 596 17 conditions condition NNS 43297 596 18 , , , 43297 596 19 but but CC 43297 596 20 may may MD 43297 596 21 also also RB 43297 596 22 occur occur VB 43297 596 23 in in IN 43297 596 24 temperate temperate NN 43297 596 25 climates climate VBZ 43297 596 26 , , , 43297 596 27 and and CC 43297 596 28 has have VBZ 43297 596 29 for for IN 43297 596 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 596 31 main main JJ 43297 596 32 product product NN 43297 596 33 a a DT 43297 596 34 mixture mixture NN 43297 596 35 of of IN 43297 596 36 free free JJ 43297 596 37 silica silica NNP 43297 596 38 and and CC 43297 596 39 alumina alumina NNP 43297 596 40 , , , 43297 596 41 the the DT 43297 596 42 latter latter JJ 43297 596 43 being be VBG 43297 596 44 in in IN 43297 596 45 the the DT 43297 596 46 form form NN 43297 596 47 of of IN 43297 596 48 ( ( -LRB- 43297 596 49 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 596 50 ) ) -RRB- 43297 596 51 ' ' '' 43297 596 52 laterite laterite JJ 43297 596 53 . . . 43297 596 54 ' ' '' 43297 597 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 597 2 may may MD 43297 597 3 not not RB 43297 597 4 improbably improbably RB 43297 597 5 be be VB 43297 597 6 a a DT 43297 597 7 result result NN 43297 597 8 of of IN 43297 597 9 the the DT 43297 597 10 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 597 11 of of IN 43297 597 12 the the DT 43297 597 13 clay clay NN 43297 597 14 molecule molecule NN 43297 597 15 similar similar JJ 43297 597 16 to to IN 43297 597 17 that that DT 43297 597 18 which which WDT 43297 597 19 occurs occur VBZ 43297 597 20 when when WRB 43297 597 21 china china NNP 43297 597 22 clay clay NNP 43297 597 23 is be VBZ 43297 597 24 heated heated JJ 43297 597 25 , , , 43297 597 26 as as IN 43297 597 27 there there EX 43297 597 28 is be VBZ 43297 597 29 no no DT 43297 597 30 temperature temperature NN 43297 597 31 below below IN 43297 597 32 which which WDT 43297 597 33 it -PRON- PRP 43297 597 34 can can MD 43297 597 35 be be VB 43297 597 36 said say VBN 43297 597 37 that that IN 43297 597 38 china china NNP 43297 597 39 clay clay NNP 43297 597 40 does do VBZ 43297 597 41 not not RB 43297 597 42 decompose decompose VB 43297 597 43 into into IN 43297 597 44 free free JJ 43297 597 45 silica silica NNP 43297 597 46 and and CC 43297 597 47 alumina alumina NNP 43297 597 48 ( ( -LRB- 43297 597 49 29 29 CD 43297 597 50 ) ) -RRB- 43297 597 51 . . . 43297 598 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 598 2 4 4 LS 43297 598 3 ) ) -RRB- 43297 598 4 _ _ NNP 43297 598 5 Secondary secondary JJ 43297 598 6 reactions reaction NNS 43297 598 7 _ _ NNP 43297 598 8 in in IN 43297 598 9 which which WDT 43297 598 10 the the DT 43297 598 11 products product NNS 43297 598 12 of of IN 43297 598 13 one one CD 43297 598 14 of of IN 43297 598 15 the the DT 43297 598 16 reactions reaction NNS 43297 598 17 previously previously RB 43297 598 18 described describe VBN 43297 598 19 may may MD 43297 598 20 undergo undergo VB 43297 598 21 further further JJ 43297 598 22 changes change NNS 43297 598 23 , , , 43297 598 24 as as IN 43297 598 25 the the DT 43297 598 26 conversion conversion NN 43297 598 27 of of IN 43297 598 28 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 598 29 clayite clayite NNP 43297 598 30 into into IN 43297 598 31 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 598 32 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 598 33 , , , 43297 598 34 or or CC 43297 598 35 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 598 36 laterite laterite NN 43297 598 37 into into IN 43297 598 38 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 598 39 hydrargillite hydrargillite NNP 43297 598 40 . . . 43297 599 1 Weathering weather VBG 43297 599 2 . . . 43297 600 1 The the DT 43297 600 2 action action NN 43297 600 3 of of IN 43297 600 4 the the DT 43297 600 5 forces force NNS 43297 600 6 conveniently conveniently RB 43297 600 7 classed class VBN 43297 600 8 under under IN 43297 600 9 the the DT 43297 600 10 term term NN 43297 600 11 _ _ NNP 43297 600 12 weathering weather VBG 43297 600 13 _ _ NNP 43297 600 14 are be VBP 43297 600 15 of of IN 43297 600 16 two two CD 43297 600 17 main main JJ 43297 600 18 kinds kind NNS 43297 600 19 : : : 43297 600 20 ( ( -LRB- 43297 600 21 _ _ NNP 43297 600 22 a a DT 43297 600 23 _ _ NNP 43297 600 24 ) ) -RRB- 43297 600 25 The the DT 43297 600 26 _ _ NNP 43297 600 27 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 600 28 grinding grind VBG 43297 600 29 _ _ NNP 43297 600 30 of of IN 43297 600 31 sandstone sandstone NN 43297 600 32 , , , 43297 600 33 quartzite quartzite NNP 43297 600 34 , , , 43297 600 35 limestone limestone NN 43297 600 36 , , , 43297 600 37 and and CC 43297 600 38 other other JJ 43297 600 39 rocks rock NNS 43297 600 40 , , , 43297 600 41 causes cause VBZ 43297 600 42 an an DT 43297 600 43 addition addition NN 43297 600 44 of of IN 43297 600 45 adventitious adventitious JJ 43297 600 46 material material NN 43297 600 47 to to IN 43297 600 48 clay clay NN 43297 600 49 , , , 43297 600 50 the the DT 43297 600 51 proportions proportion NNS 43297 600 52 being be VBG 43297 600 53 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 600 54 so so RB 43297 600 55 large large JJ 43297 600 56 as as IN 43297 600 57 to to TO 43297 600 58 render render VB 43297 600 59 it -PRON- PRP 43297 600 60 necessary necessary JJ 43297 600 61 to to TO 43297 600 62 term term VB 43297 600 63 the the DT 43297 600 64 material material NN 43297 600 65 an an DT 43297 600 66 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 600 67 sand sand NN 43297 600 68 , , , 43297 600 69 rather rather RB 43297 600 70 than than IN 43297 600 71 a a DT 43297 600 72 sandy sandy JJ 43297 600 73 clay clay NN 43297 600 74 . . . 43297 601 1 Some some DT 43297 601 2 of of IN 43297 601 3 these these DT 43297 601 4 grains grain NNS 43297 601 5 of of IN 43297 601 6 mineral mineral NN 43297 601 7 matter matter NN 43297 601 8 are be VBP 43297 601 9 so so RB 43297 601 10 minute minute JJ 43297 601 11 and and CC 43297 601 12 so so RB 43297 601 13 resistant resistant JJ 43297 601 14 to to IN 43297 601 15 the the DT 43297 601 16 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 601 17 chemical chemical JJ 43297 601 18 reagents reagent NNS 43297 601 19 as as IN 43297 601 20 to to TO 43297 601 21 make make VB 43297 601 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 601 23 extremely extremely RB 43297 601 24 difficult difficult JJ 43297 601 25 to to TO 43297 601 26 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 601 27 them -PRON- PRP 43297 601 28 from from IN 43297 601 29 clay clay NN 43297 601 30 . . . 43297 602 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 602 2 _ _ NNP 43297 602 3 b b NNP 43297 602 4 _ _ NNP 43297 602 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 602 6 The the DT 43297 602 7 _ _ NNP 43297 602 8 chemical chemical NN 43297 602 9 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 602 10 _ _ NNP 43297 602 11 due due IN 43297 602 12 to to IN 43297 602 13 the the DT 43297 602 14 action action NN 43297 602 15 of of IN 43297 602 16 very very RB 43297 602 17 dilute dilute JJ 43297 602 18 solutions solution NNS 43297 602 19 . . . 43297 603 1 By by IN 43297 603 2 this this DT 43297 603 3 means mean VBZ 43297 603 4 simple simple JJ 43297 603 5 silicates silicate NNS 43297 603 6 are be VBP 43297 603 7 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 603 8 with with IN 43297 603 9 the the DT 43297 603 10 formation formation NN 43297 603 11 of of IN 43297 603 12 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 603 13 silica silica NN 43297 603 14 which which WDT 43297 603 15 may may MD 43297 603 16 either either CC 43297 603 17 remain remain VB 43297 603 18 in in IN 43297 603 19 solution solution NN 43297 603 20 or or CC 43297 603 21 may may MD 43297 603 22 be be VB 43297 603 23 deposited deposit VBN 43297 603 24 in in IN 43297 603 25 a a DT 43297 603 26 coagulated coagulate VBN 43297 603 27 form form NN 43297 603 28 . . . 43297 604 1 At at IN 43297 604 2 the the DT 43297 604 3 same same JJ 43297 604 4 time time NN 43297 604 5 , , , 43297 604 6 some some DT 43297 604 7 alumino alumino JJ 43297 604 8 - - HYPH 43297 604 9 silicates silicate NNS 43297 604 10 will will MD 43297 604 11 be be VB 43297 604 12 similarly similarly RB 43297 604 13 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 604 14 into into IN 43297 604 15 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 604 16 alumino alumino NNP 43297 604 17 - - HYPH 43297 604 18 silicic silicic NN 43297 604 19 acids acid NNS 43297 604 20 or or CC 43297 604 21 clays clay NNS 43297 604 22 . . . 43297 605 1 The the DT 43297 605 2 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 605 3 results result NNS 43297 605 4 of of IN 43297 605 5 the the DT 43297 605 6 action action NN 43297 605 7 of of IN 43297 605 8 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 605 9 weathering weathering NN 43297 605 10 on on IN 43297 605 11 silicate silicate NN 43297 605 12 rocks rock NNS 43297 605 13 are be VBP 43297 605 14 , , , 43297 605 15 therefore therefore RB 43297 605 16 , , , 43297 605 17 sands sand NNS 43297 605 18 and and CC 43297 605 19 clays clay NNS 43297 605 20 , , , 43297 605 21 the the DT 43297 605 22 latter latter JJ 43297 605 23 being being NN 43297 605 24 in in IN 43297 605 25 some some DT 43297 605 26 ways way NNS 43297 605 27 quite quite RB 43297 605 28 distinct distinct JJ 43297 605 29 in in IN 43297 605 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 605 31 origin origin NN 43297 605 32 and and CC 43297 605 33 physical physical JJ 43297 605 34 properties property NNS 43297 605 35 from from IN 43297 605 36 the the DT 43297 605 37 china china NNP 43297 605 38 clays clay NNS 43297 605 39 . . . 43297 606 1 According accord VBG 43297 606 2 to to IN 43297 606 3 J. J. NNP 43297 606 4 M. M. NNP 43297 606 5 van van NNP 43297 606 6 Bemmelen Bemmelen NNP 43297 606 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 606 8 26 26 CD 43297 606 9 ) ) -RRB- 43297 606 10 such such JJ 43297 606 11 clays clay NNS 43297 606 12 also also RB 43297 606 13 contain contain VBP 43297 606 14 an an DT 43297 606 15 alumino alumino JJ 43297 606 16 - - HYPH 43297 606 17 silicate silicate NN 43297 606 18 soluble soluble JJ 43297 606 19 in in IN 43297 606 20 boiling boil VBG 43297 606 21 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 43297 606 22 acid acid NN 43297 606 23 followed follow VBN 43297 606 24 by by IN 43297 606 25 caustic caustic JJ 43297 606 26 soda soda NN 43297 606 27 , , , 43297 606 28 whereas whereas IN 43297 606 29 pure pure JJ 43297 606 30 china china NNP 43297 606 31 clays clay NNS 43297 606 32 are be VBP 43297 606 33 unaffected unaffected JJ 43297 606 34 by by IN 43297 606 35 this this DT 43297 606 36 treatment treatment NN 43297 606 37 . . . 43297 607 1 The the DT 43297 607 2 variety variety NN 43297 607 3 of of IN 43297 607 4 silicates silicate NNS 43297 607 5 and and CC 43297 607 6 other other JJ 43297 607 7 minerals mineral NNS 43297 607 8 which which WDT 43297 607 9 -- -- : 43297 607 10 in in IN 43297 607 11 a a DT 43297 607 12 partially partially RB 43297 607 13 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 607 14 condition condition NN 43297 607 15 -- -- : 43297 607 16 go go VB 43297 607 17 to to TO 43297 607 18 form form VB 43297 607 19 ' ' `` 43297 607 20 clays clay NNS 43297 607 21 ' ' '' 43297 607 22 is be VBZ 43297 607 23 so so RB 43297 607 24 great great JJ 43297 607 25 that that IN 43297 607 26 the the DT 43297 607 27 complete complete JJ 43297 607 28 separation separation NN 43297 607 29 of of IN 43297 607 30 the the DT 43297 607 31 smallest small JJS 43297 607 32 particles particle NNS 43297 607 33 of of IN 43297 607 34 them -PRON- PRP 43297 607 35 from from IN 43297 607 36 those those DT 43297 607 37 of of IN 43297 607 38 the the DT 43297 607 39 true true JJ 43297 607 40 clay clay NN 43297 607 41 present present NN 43297 607 42 has have VBZ 43297 607 43 never never RB 43297 607 44 been be VBN 43297 607 45 accomplished accomplish VBN 43297 607 46 and and CC 43297 607 47 our -PRON- PRP$ 43297 607 48 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 607 49 of of IN 43297 607 50 the the DT 43297 607 51 mineralogical mineralogical JJ 43297 607 52 constitution constitution NN 43297 607 53 of of IN 43297 607 54 many many JJ 43297 607 55 of of IN 43297 607 56 the the DT 43297 607 57 best well RBS 43297 607 58 known know VBN 43297 607 59 clays clay NNS 43297 607 60 is be VBZ 43297 607 61 far far RB 43297 607 62 from from IN 43297 607 63 complete complete JJ 43297 607 64 . . . 43297 608 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 608 2 is be VBZ 43297 608 3 highly highly RB 43297 608 4 probable probable JJ 43297 608 5 that that IN 43297 608 6 the the DT 43297 608 7 action action NN 43297 608 8 of of IN 43297 608 9 water water NN 43297 608 10 does do VBZ 43297 608 11 not not RB 43297 608 12 cease cease VB 43297 608 13 with with IN 43297 608 14 the the DT 43297 608 15 formation formation NN 43297 608 16 of of IN 43297 608 17 clay clay NN 43297 608 18 , , , 43297 608 19 but but CC 43297 608 20 that that IN 43297 608 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 608 22 slowly slowly RB 43297 608 23 effects effect VBZ 43297 608 24 an an DT 43297 608 25 increase increase NN 43297 608 26 in in IN 43297 608 27 the the DT 43297 608 28 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 608 29 of of IN 43297 608 30 the the DT 43297 608 31 clay clay NN 43297 608 32 . . . 43297 609 1 There there EX 43297 609 2 thus thus RB 43297 609 3 appear appear VBP 43297 609 4 to to TO 43297 609 5 be be VB 43297 609 6 at at RB 43297 609 7 least least RBS 43297 609 8 three three CD 43297 609 9 kinds kind NNS 43297 609 10 of of IN 43297 609 11 primary primary JJ 43297 609 12 clay clay NN 43297 609 13 , , , 43297 609 14 viz viz NN 43297 609 15 . . . 43297 610 1 : : : 43297 610 2 _ _ NNP 43297 610 3 Kaolinic Kaolinic NNP 43297 610 4 _ _ NNP 43297 610 5 or or CC 43297 610 6 _ _ NNP 43297 610 7 china china NNP 43297 610 8 clays clay NNS 43297 610 9 _ _ NNP 43297 610 10 which which WDT 43297 610 11 are be VBP 43297 610 12 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 610 13 derived derive VBN 43297 610 14 from from IN 43297 610 15 felspar felspar NNS 43297 610 16 and and CC 43297 610 17 can can MD 43297 610 18 be be VB 43297 610 19 isolated isolate VBN 43297 610 20 in in IN 43297 610 21 a a DT 43297 610 22 relatively relatively RB 43297 610 23 pure pure JJ 43297 610 24 state state NN 43297 610 25 . . . 43297 611 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 611 2 are be VBP 43297 611 3 highly highly RB 43297 611 4 refractory refractory JJ 43297 611 5 , , , 43297 611 6 but but CC 43297 611 7 only only RB 43297 611 8 slightly slightly RB 43297 611 9 plastic plastic NN 43297 611 10 . . . 43297 612 1 _ _ NNP 43297 612 2 Epigenic Epigenic NNP 43297 612 3 _ _ NNP 43297 612 4 or or CC 43297 612 5 _ _ NNP 43297 612 6 colloidal colloidal NN 43297 612 7 clays clay NNS 43297 612 8 _ _ NNP 43297 612 9 derived derive VBD 43297 612 10 from from IN 43297 612 11 kaolinic kaolinic NNP 43297 612 12 clays clay NNS 43297 612 13 , , , 43297 612 14 as as IN 43297 612 15 a a DT 43297 612 16 secondary secondary JJ 43297 612 17 product product NN 43297 612 18 , , , 43297 612 19 or or CC 43297 612 20 directly directly RB 43297 612 21 from from IN 43297 612 22 felspar felspar NNP 43297 612 23 , , , 43297 612 24 mica mica NNP 43297 612 25 , , , 43297 612 26 augite augite NNP 43297 612 27 and and CC 43297 612 28 other other JJ 43297 612 29 alumino alumino JJ 43297 612 30 - - HYPH 43297 612 31 silicates silicate NNS 43297 612 32 by by IN 43297 612 33 ' ' `` 43297 612 34 weathering weathering NN 43297 612 35 . . . 43297 612 36 ' ' '' 43297 613 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 613 2 are be VBP 43297 613 3 usually usually RB 43297 613 4 less less RBR 43297 613 5 refractory refractory JJ 43297 613 6 and and CC 43297 613 7 much much RB 43297 613 8 more more JJR 43297 613 9 plastic plastic NN 43297 613 10 than than IN 43297 613 11 the the DT 43297 613 12 china china NNP 43297 613 13 clays clay NNS 43297 613 14 and and CC 43297 613 15 contain contain VB 43297 613 16 a a DT 43297 613 17 large large JJ 43297 613 18 percentage percentage NN 43297 613 19 of of IN 43297 613 20 impurities impurity NNS 43297 613 21 -- -- : 43297 613 22 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 613 23 in in IN 43297 613 24 the the DT 43297 613 25 form form NN 43297 613 26 of of IN 43297 613 27 free free JJ 43297 613 28 silica silica NNP 43297 613 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 613 30 sand sand NN 43297 613 31 ) ) -RRB- 43297 613 32 or or CC 43297 613 33 of of IN 43297 613 34 metallic metallic JJ 43297 613 35 oxides oxide NNS 43297 613 36 , , , 43297 613 37 carbonates carbonate NNS 43297 613 38 , , , 43297 613 39 sulphides sulphide NNS 43297 613 40 , , , 43297 613 41 sulphates sulphate NNS 43297 613 42 , , , 43297 613 43 silicates silicate NNS 43297 613 44 , , , 43297 613 45 or or CC 43297 613 46 other other JJ 43297 613 47 compounds compound NNS 43297 613 48 . . . 43297 614 1 Many many JJ 43297 614 2 so so RB 43297 614 3 - - HYPH 43297 614 4 called call VBN 43297 614 5 secondary secondary JJ 43297 614 6 clays clay NNS 43297 614 7 such such JJ 43297 614 8 as as IN 43297 614 9 pipe pipe NN 43297 614 10 clays clay NNS 43297 614 11 , , , 43297 614 12 ball ball NN 43297 614 13 clays clay NNS 43297 614 14 and and CC 43297 614 15 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 614 16 may may MD 43297 614 17 be be VB 43297 614 18 of of IN 43297 614 19 this this DT 43297 614 20 type type NN 43297 614 21 , , , 43297 614 22 though though IN 43297 614 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 614 24 origin origin NN 43297 614 25 is be VBZ 43297 614 26 difficult difficult JJ 43297 614 27 to to TO 43297 614 28 trace trace VB 43297 614 29 owing owe VBG 43297 614 30 to to IN 43297 614 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 614 32 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 614 33 transportation transportation NN 43297 614 34 and and CC 43297 614 35 deposition deposition NN 43297 614 36 . . . 43297 615 1 _ _ NNP 43297 615 2 Lateritic Lateritic NNP 43297 615 3 _ _ NNP 43297 615 4 or or CC 43297 615 5 _ _ NNP 43297 615 6 highly highly RB 43297 615 7 aluminous aluminous JJ 43297 615 8 clays clay NNS 43297 615 9 _ _ NNP 43297 615 10 , , , 43297 615 11 of of IN 43297 615 12 a a DT 43297 615 13 highly highly RB 43297 615 14 refractory refractory JJ 43297 615 15 character character NN 43297 615 16 , , , 43297 615 17 but but CC 43297 615 18 low low JJ 43297 615 19 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 615 20 . . . 43297 616 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 616 2 are be VBP 43297 616 3 usually usually RB 43297 616 4 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 616 5 rich rich JJ 43297 616 6 in in IN 43297 616 7 iron iron NN 43297 616 8 oxide oxide NN 43297 616 9 which which WDT 43297 616 10 materially materially RB 43297 616 11 affects affect VBZ 43297 616 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 616 13 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 616 14 . . . 43297 617 1 Unlike unlike IN 43297 617 2 the the DT 43297 617 3 china china NNP 43297 617 4 clays clay NNS 43297 617 5 , , , 43297 617 6 pure pure JJ 43297 617 7 lateritic lateritic JJ 43297 617 8 clays clay NNS 43297 617 9 are be VBP 43297 617 10 completely completely RB 43297 617 11 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 617 12 by by IN 43297 617 13 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 43297 617 14 acid acid NN 43297 617 15 . . . 43297 618 1 Bauxite bauxite NN 43297 618 2 and and CC 43297 618 3 some some DT 43297 618 4 of of IN 43297 618 5 the the DT 43297 618 6 highly highly RB 43297 618 7 aluminous aluminous JJ 43297 618 8 clays clay NNS 43297 618 9 of of IN 43297 618 10 the the DT 43297 618 11 Coal Coal NNP 43297 618 12 Measures measure NNS 43297 618 13 appear appear VBP 43297 618 14 to to TO 43297 618 15 be be VB 43297 618 16 of of IN 43297 618 17 this this DT 43297 618 18 type type NN 43297 618 19 . . . 43297 619 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 43297 619 2 these these DT 43297 619 3 different different JJ 43297 619 4 types type NNS 43297 619 5 of of IN 43297 619 6 clay clay NN 43297 619 7 are be VBP 43297 619 8 extremely extremely RB 43297 619 9 difficult difficult JJ 43297 619 10 to to TO 43297 619 11 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 619 12 and and CC 43297 619 13 in in IN 43297 619 14 many many JJ 43297 619 15 instances instance NNS 43297 619 16 they -PRON- PRP 43297 619 17 have have VBP 43297 619 18 become become VBN 43297 619 19 mixed mixed JJ 43297 619 20 with with IN 43297 619 21 each each DT 43297 619 22 other other JJ 43297 619 23 and and CC 43297 619 24 with with IN 43297 619 25 other other JJ 43297 619 26 materials material NNS 43297 619 27 during during IN 43297 619 28 the the DT 43297 619 29 actions action NNS 43297 619 30 to to TO 43297 619 31 be be VB 43297 619 32 described describe VBN 43297 619 33 in in IN 43297 619 34 the the DT 43297 619 35 next next JJ 43297 619 36 chapter chapter NN 43297 619 37 , , , 43297 619 38 that that IN 43297 619 39 it -PRON- PRP 43297 619 40 is be VBZ 43297 619 41 often often RB 43297 619 42 almost almost RB 43297 619 43 impossible impossible JJ 43297 619 44 to to TO 43297 619 45 decide decide VB 43297 619 46 whether whether IN 43297 619 47 the the DT 43297 619 48 true true JJ 43297 619 49 clay clay NN 43297 619 50 in in IN 43297 619 51 a a DT 43297 619 52 given give VBN 43297 619 53 specimen speciman NNS 43297 619 54 possessed possess VBD 43297 619 55 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 619 56 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 619 57 _ _ NNP 43297 619 58 ab ab NNP 43297 619 59 initio initio NNP 43297 619 60 _ _ NNP 43297 619 61 or or CC 43297 619 62 whether whether IN 43297 619 63 it -PRON- PRP 43297 619 64 has have VBZ 43297 619 65 gained gain VBN 43297 619 66 them -PRON- PRP 43297 619 67 since since IN 43297 619 68 the the DT 43297 619 69 time time NN 43297 619 70 when when WRB 43297 619 71 it -PRON- PRP 43297 619 72 ceased cease VBD 43297 619 73 to to TO 43297 619 74 be be VB 43297 619 75 a a DT 43297 619 76 primary primary JJ 43297 619 77 clay clay NN 43297 619 78 . . . 43297 620 1 = = NFP 43297 620 2 Secondary secondary JJ 43297 620 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 620 4 are be VBP 43297 620 5 those those DT 43297 620 6 which which WDT 43297 620 7 have have VBP 43297 620 8 been be VBN 43297 620 9 produced produce VBN 43297 620 10 by by IN 43297 620 11 the the DT 43297 620 12 action action NN 43297 620 13 of of IN 43297 620 14 the the DT 43297 620 15 weather weather NN 43297 620 16 and and CC 43297 620 17 other other JJ 43297 620 18 natural natural JJ 43297 620 19 forces force NNS 43297 620 20 on on IN 43297 620 21 primary primary JJ 43297 620 22 clays clay NNS 43297 620 23 , , , 43297 620 24 the the DT 43297 620 25 changes change NNS 43297 620 26 effected effect VBD 43297 620 27 being be VBG 43297 620 28 of of IN 43297 620 29 a a DT 43297 620 30 physical physical NN 43297 620 31 rather rather RB 43297 620 32 than than IN 43297 620 33 a a DT 43297 620 34 chemical chemical NN 43297 620 35 nature nature NN 43297 620 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 620 37 see see VB 43297 620 38 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 620 39 IV IV NNP 43297 620 40 ) ) -RRB- 43297 620 41 . . . 43297 621 1 The the DT 43297 621 2 essential essential JJ 43297 621 3 constituent constituent NN 43297 621 4 of of IN 43297 621 5 secondary secondary JJ 43297 621 6 clays clay NNS 43297 621 7 has have VBZ 43297 621 8 not not RB 43297 621 9 been be VBN 43297 621 10 positively positively RB 43297 621 11 identified identify VBN 43297 621 12 . . . 43297 622 1 In in IN 43297 622 2 so so RB 43297 622 3 far far RB 43297 622 4 as as IN 43297 622 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 622 6 has have VBZ 43297 622 7 been be VBN 43297 622 8 isolated isolate VBN 43297 622 9 it -PRON- PRP 43297 622 10 differs differ VBZ 43297 622 11 from from IN 43297 622 12 the the DT 43297 622 13 true true JJ 43297 622 14 clay clay NN 43297 622 15 in in IN 43297 622 16 the the DT 43297 622 17 primary primary JJ 43297 622 18 clays clay NNS 43297 622 19 in in IN 43297 622 20 several several JJ 43297 622 21 important important JJ 43297 622 22 respects respect NNS 43297 622 23 , , , 43297 622 24 and and CC 43297 622 25 until until IN 43297 622 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 622 27 nature nature NN 43297 622 28 has have VBZ 43297 622 29 been be VBN 43297 622 30 more more RBR 43297 622 31 fully fully RB 43297 622 32 investigated investigate VBN 43297 622 33 great great JJ 43297 622 34 caution caution NN 43297 622 35 must must MD 43297 622 36 be be VB 43297 622 37 exercised exercise VBN 43297 622 38 in in IN 43297 622 39 assigning assign VBG 43297 622 40 a a DT 43297 622 41 definite definite JJ 43297 622 42 name name NN 43297 622 43 to to IN 43297 622 44 it -PRON- PRP 43297 622 45 . . . 43297 623 1 For for IN 43297 623 2 many many JJ 43297 623 3 purposes purpose NNS 43297 623 4 the the DT 43297 623 5 term term NN 43297 623 6 _ _ NNP 43297 623 7 pelinite pelinite NN 43297 623 8 _ _ NNP 43297 623 9 ( ( -LRB- 43297 623 10 p. p. NN 43297 623 11 149 149 CD 43297 623 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 623 13 is be VBZ 43297 623 14 convenient convenient JJ 43297 623 15 , , , 43297 623 16 being be VBG 43297 623 17 analogous analogous JJ 43297 623 18 to to IN 43297 623 19 the the DT 43297 623 20 corresponding correspond VBG 43297 623 21 one one CD 43297 623 22 used use VBN 43297 623 23 for for IN 43297 623 24 material material NN 43297 623 25 in in IN 43297 623 26 china china NNP 43297 623 27 clays clays NNP 43297 623 28 ( ( -LRB- 43297 623 29 _ _ NNP 43297 623 30 clayite clayite NNP 43297 623 31 _ _ NNP 43297 623 32 , , , 43297 623 33 p. p. NN 43297 623 34 107 107 CD 43297 623 35 ) ) -RRB- 43297 623 36 . . . 43297 624 1 These these DT 43297 624 2 terms term NNS 43297 624 3 are be VBP 43297 624 4 purely purely RB 43297 624 5 provisional provisional JJ 43297 624 6 and and CC 43297 624 7 must must MD 43297 624 8 be be VB 43297 624 9 discarded discard VBN 43297 624 10 when when WRB 43297 624 11 the the DT 43297 624 12 true true JJ 43297 624 13 mineralogical mineralogical JJ 43297 624 14 identities identity NNS 43297 624 15 of of IN 43297 624 16 the the DT 43297 624 17 substances substance NNS 43297 624 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 624 19 represent represent VBP 43297 624 20 have have VBP 43297 624 21 been be VBN 43297 624 22 established establish VBN 43297 624 23 . . . 43297 625 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 43297 625 2 IV IV NNP 43297 625 3 THE the DT 43297 625 4 MODES MODES NNP 43297 625 5 OF of IN 43297 625 6 ACCUMULATION ACCUMULATION NNP 43297 625 7 OF of IN 43297 625 8 CLAYS clay NNS 43297 625 9 From from IN 43297 625 10 whatever whatever WDT 43297 625 11 sources source NNS 43297 625 12 clays clay NNS 43297 625 13 may may MD 43297 625 14 have have VB 43297 625 15 been be VBN 43297 625 16 originally originally RB 43297 625 17 derived derive VBN 43297 625 18 , , , 43297 625 19 the the DT 43297 625 20 manner manner NN 43297 625 21 in in IN 43297 625 22 which which WDT 43297 625 23 they -PRON- PRP 43297 625 24 have have VBP 43297 625 25 been be VBN 43297 625 26 accumulated accumulate VBN 43297 625 27 in in IN 43297 625 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 625 29 present present JJ 43297 625 30 positions position NNS 43297 625 31 is be VBZ 43297 625 32 a a DT 43297 625 33 factor factor NN 43297 625 34 of of IN 43297 625 35 great great JJ 43297 625 36 importance importance NN 43297 625 37 both both CC 43297 625 38 in in IN 43297 625 39 regard regard NN 43297 625 40 to to IN 43297 625 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 625 42 chemical chemical JJ 43297 625 43 and and CC 43297 625 44 physical physical JJ 43297 625 45 characters character NNS 43297 625 46 and and CC 43297 625 47 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 625 48 suitability suitability NN 43297 625 49 for for IN 43297 625 50 various various JJ 43297 625 51 purposes purpose NNS 43297 625 52 . . . 43297 626 1 As as IN 43297 626 2 explained explain VBN 43297 626 3 in in IN 43297 626 4 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 626 5 III III NNP 43297 626 6 , , , 43297 626 7 the the DT 43297 626 8 china china NNP 43297 626 9 clays clay NNS 43297 626 10 or or CC 43297 626 11 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 626 12 may may MD 43297 626 13 usually usually RB 43297 626 14 be be VB 43297 626 15 regarded regard VBN 43297 626 16 as as IN 43297 626 17 primary primary JJ 43297 626 18 clays clay NNS 43297 626 19 derived derive VBN 43297 626 20 from from IN 43297 626 21 granitic granitic JJ 43297 626 22 or or CC 43297 626 23 other other JJ 43297 626 24 felspathic felspathic JJ 43297 626 25 or or CC 43297 626 26 felsitic felsitic JJ 43297 626 27 rocks rock NNS 43297 626 28 by by IN 43297 626 29 chemical chemical NN 43297 626 30 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 626 31 . . . 43297 627 1 Such such JJ 43297 627 2 clays clay NNS 43297 627 3 are be VBP 43297 627 4 found find VBN 43297 627 5 near near RB 43297 627 6 to to IN 43297 627 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 627 8 place place NN 43297 627 9 of of IN 43297 627 10 origin origin NN 43297 627 11 , , , 43297 627 12 are be VBP 43297 627 13 usually usually RB 43297 627 14 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 627 15 in in IN 43297 627 16 a a DT 43297 627 17 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 627 18 pure pure JJ 43297 627 19 state state NN 43297 627 20 and and CC 43297 627 21 are be VBP 43297 627 22 generally generally RB 43297 627 23 deficient deficient JJ 43297 627 24 in in IN 43297 627 25 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 627 26 . . . 43297 628 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 628 2 may may MD 43297 628 3 occur occur VB 43297 628 4 in in IN 43297 628 5 beds bed NNS 43297 628 6 of of IN 43297 628 7 small small JJ 43297 628 8 or or CC 43297 628 9 great great JJ 43297 628 10 depth depth NN 43297 628 11 , , , 43297 628 12 but but CC 43297 628 13 these these DT 43297 628 14 are be VBP 43297 628 15 not not RB 43297 628 16 ' ' `` 43297 628 17 accumulations accumulation NNS 43297 628 18 ' ' '' 43297 628 19 in in IN 43297 628 20 the the DT 43297 628 21 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 628 22 meaning meaning NN 43297 628 23 of of IN 43297 628 24 that that DT 43297 628 25 term term NN 43297 628 26 . . . 43297 629 1 Residual residual JJ 43297 629 2 clays clay NNS 43297 629 3 ( ( -LRB- 43297 629 4 p. p. NN 43297 629 5 70 70 CD 43297 629 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 629 7 also also RB 43297 629 8 form form VBP 43297 629 9 a a DT 43297 629 10 distinct distinct JJ 43297 629 11 class class NN 43297 629 12 , , , 43297 629 13 as as IN 43297 629 14 unlike unlike IN 43297 629 15 the the DT 43297 629 16 majority majority NN 43297 629 17 of of IN 43297 629 18 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 629 19 materials material NNS 43297 629 20 they -PRON- PRP 43297 629 21 are be VBP 43297 629 22 left leave VBN 43297 629 23 behind behind RB 43297 629 24 when when WRB 43297 629 25 other other JJ 43297 629 26 substances substance NNS 43297 629 27 are be VBP 43297 629 28 removed remove VBN 43297 629 29 , , , 43297 629 30 usually usually RB 43297 629 31 by by IN 43297 629 32 some some DT 43297 629 33 process process NN 43297 629 34 of of IN 43297 629 35 solution solution NN 43297 629 36 . . . 43297 630 1 In in IN 43297 630 2 many many JJ 43297 630 3 cases case NNS 43297 630 4 , , , 43297 630 5 however however RB 43297 630 6 , , , 43297 630 7 the the DT 43297 630 8 residual residual JJ 43297 630 9 clays clay NNS 43297 630 10 are be VBP 43297 630 11 really really RB 43297 630 12 secondary secondary JJ 43297 630 13 in in IN 43297 630 14 character character NN 43297 630 15 , , , 43297 630 16 having have VBG 43297 630 17 been be VBN 43297 630 18 transported transport VBN 43297 630 19 from from IN 43297 630 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 630 21 place place NN 43297 630 22 of of IN 43297 630 23 origin origin NN 43297 630 24 , , , 43297 630 25 together together RB 43297 630 26 with with IN 43297 630 27 limestone limestone NN 43297 630 28 or or CC 43297 630 29 other other JJ 43297 630 30 minerals mineral NNS 43297 630 31 , , , 43297 630 32 the the DT 43297 630 33 mixture mixture NN 43297 630 34 deposited deposit VBD 43297 630 35 and and CC 43297 630 36 subjected subject VBN 43297 630 37 to to IN 43297 630 38 pressure pressure NN 43297 630 39 and and CC 43297 630 40 possibly possibly RB 43297 630 41 to to TO 43297 630 42 heat heat VB 43297 630 43 , , , 43297 630 44 whereby whereby WRB 43297 630 45 a a DT 43297 630 46 rock rock NN 43297 630 47 - - HYPH 43297 630 48 like like JJ 43297 630 49 mass mass NN 43297 630 50 is be VBZ 43297 630 51 formed form VBN 43297 630 52 . . . 43297 631 1 This this DT 43297 631 2 mass mass NN 43297 631 3 has have VBZ 43297 631 4 then then RB 43297 631 5 been be VBN 43297 631 6 subjected subject VBN 43297 631 7 to to IN 43297 631 8 the the DT 43297 631 9 solvent solvent JJ 43297 631 10 action action NN 43297 631 11 of of IN 43297 631 12 water water NN 43297 631 13 containing contain VBG 43297 631 14 carbon carbon NN 43297 631 15 dioxide dioxide NN 43297 631 16 or or CC 43297 631 17 other other JJ 43297 631 18 substances substance NNS 43297 631 19 which which WDT 43297 631 20 dissolve dissolve VBP 43297 631 21 out out RP 43297 631 22 the the DT 43297 631 23 bulk bulk NN 43297 631 24 of of IN 43297 631 25 the the DT 43297 631 26 associated associated JJ 43297 631 27 minerals mineral NNS 43297 631 28 and and CC 43297 631 29 leave leave VB 43297 631 30 the the DT 43297 631 31 residual residual JJ 43297 631 32 clay clay NN 43297 631 33 behind behind RB 43297 631 34 . . . 43297 632 1 The the DT 43297 632 2 chief chief JJ 43297 632 3 agents agent NNS 43297 632 4 in in IN 43297 632 5 the the DT 43297 632 6 transport transport NN 43297 632 7 and and CC 43297 632 8 accumulation accumulation NN 43297 632 9 of of IN 43297 632 10 clays clay NNS 43297 632 11 are be VBP 43297 632 12 the the DT 43297 632 13 _ _ NNP 43297 632 14 air air NN 43297 632 15 _ _ NNP 43297 632 16 , , , 43297 632 17 in in IN 43297 632 18 the the DT 43297 632 19 form form NN 43297 632 20 of of IN 43297 632 21 wind wind NN 43297 632 22 ; ; : 43297 632 23 _ _ NNP 43297 632 24 water water NN 43297 632 25 _ _ NNP 43297 632 26 , , , 43297 632 27 in in IN 43297 632 28 the the DT 43297 632 29 form form NN 43297 632 30 of of IN 43297 632 31 rain rain NN 43297 632 32 , , , 43297 632 33 streams stream NNS 43297 632 34 , , , 43297 632 35 rivers river NNS 43297 632 36 , , , 43297 632 37 floods flood NNS 43297 632 38 , , , 43297 632 39 lakes lake NNS 43297 632 40 and and CC 43297 632 41 seas sea NNS 43297 632 42 , , , 43297 632 43 or or CC 43297 632 44 in in IN 43297 632 45 the the DT 43297 632 46 form form NN 43297 632 47 of of IN 43297 632 48 ice ice NN 43297 632 49 and and CC 43297 632 50 snow snow NN 43297 632 51 as as IN 43297 632 52 in in IN 43297 632 53 glaciers glacier NNS 43297 632 54 and and CC 43297 632 55 avalanches avalanche NNS 43297 632 56 ; ; : 43297 632 57 _ _ NNP 43297 632 58 earth earth NN 43297 632 59 - - HYPH 43297 632 60 movements movement NNS 43297 632 61 _ _ NNP 43297 632 62 such such JJ 43297 632 63 as as IN 43297 632 64 the the DT 43297 632 65 changes change NNS 43297 632 66 wrought work VBD 43297 632 67 by by IN 43297 632 68 volcanoes volcano NNS 43297 632 69 , , , 43297 632 70 earthquakes earthquake NNS 43297 632 71 and and CC 43297 632 72 the the DT 43297 632 73 less less RBR 43297 632 74 clearly clearly RB 43297 632 75 marked mark VBN 43297 632 76 rising rise VBG 43297 632 77 and and CC 43297 632 78 falling fall VBG 43297 632 79 of of IN 43297 632 80 various various JJ 43297 632 81 portions portion NNS 43297 632 82 of of IN 43297 632 83 the the DT 43297 632 84 earth earth NN 43297 632 85 's 's POS 43297 632 86 crust crust NN 43297 632 87 which which WDT 43297 632 88 result result VBP 43297 632 89 in in IN 43297 632 90 folded fold VBN 43297 632 91 , , , 43297 632 92 twisted twist VBN 43297 632 93 , , , 43297 632 94 sheared shear VBD 43297 632 95 , , , 43297 632 96 cracked crack VBN 43297 632 97 , , , 43297 632 98 inclined inclined JJ 43297 632 99 , , , 43297 632 100 laminated laminated JJ 43297 632 101 and and CC 43297 632 102 other other JJ 43297 632 103 strata strata NN 43297 632 104 . . . 43297 633 1 These these DT 43297 633 2 agents agent NNS 43297 633 3 have have VBP 43297 633 4 first first RB 43297 633 5 moved move VBN 43297 633 6 the the DT 43297 633 7 clay clay NN 43297 633 8 from from IN 43297 633 9 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 633 10 original original JJ 43297 633 11 site site NN 43297 633 12 and and CC 43297 633 13 have have VBP 43297 633 14 later later RB 43297 633 15 deposited deposit VBN 43297 633 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 633 17 with with IN 43297 633 18 other other JJ 43297 633 19 materials material NNS 43297 633 20 in in IN 43297 633 21 the the DT 43297 633 22 form form NN 43297 633 23 of of IN 43297 633 24 strata strata NN 43297 633 25 of of IN 43297 633 26 widely widely RB 43297 633 27 varying vary VBG 43297 633 28 area area NN 43297 633 29 and and CC 43297 633 30 thickness thickness NN 43297 633 31 , , , 43297 633 32 some some DT 43297 633 33 ' ' `` 43297 633 34 clay clay NN 43297 633 35 ' ' '' 43297 633 36 beds bed NNS 43297 633 37 being be VBG 43297 633 38 several several JJ 43297 633 39 hundred hundred CD 43297 633 40 feet foot NNS 43297 633 41 in in IN 43297 633 42 depth depth NN 43297 633 43 and and CC 43297 633 44 occupying occupy VBG 43297 633 45 many many JJ 43297 633 46 square square JJ 43297 633 47 miles mile NNS 43297 633 48 in in IN 43297 633 49 area area NN 43297 633 50 , , , 43297 633 51 whilst whilst IN 43297 633 52 others other NNS 43297 633 53 are be VBP 43297 633 54 in in IN 43297 633 55 the the DT 43297 633 56 form form NN 43297 633 57 of of IN 43297 633 58 thin thin JJ 43297 633 59 ' ' `` 43297 633 60 veins vein NNS 43297 633 61 ' ' '' 43297 633 62 only only RB 43297 633 63 a a DT 43297 633 64 few few JJ 43297 633 65 inches inch NNS 43297 633 66 thick thick JJ 43297 633 67 or or CC 43297 633 68 in in IN 43297 633 69 ' ' `` 43297 633 70 pockets pocket NNS 43297 633 71 ' ' '' 43297 633 72 of of IN 43297 633 73 small small JJ 43297 633 74 area area NN 43297 633 75 and and CC 43297 633 76 depth depth NN 43297 633 77 . . . 43297 634 1 These these DT 43297 634 2 deposits deposit NNS 43297 634 3 have have VBP 43297 634 4 in in IN 43297 634 5 many many JJ 43297 634 6 places place NNS 43297 634 7 been be VBN 43297 634 8 displaced displace VBN 43297 634 9 by by IN 43297 634 10 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 634 11 earth earth NN 43297 634 12 - - HYPH 43297 634 13 movements movement NNS 43297 634 14 and and CC 43297 634 15 have have VBP 43297 634 16 been be VBN 43297 634 17 overlain overlain NN 43297 634 18 by by IN 43297 634 19 other other JJ 43297 634 20 deposits deposit NNS 43297 634 21 so so IN 43297 634 22 as as IN 43297 634 23 to to TO 43297 634 24 render render VB 43297 634 25 them -PRON- PRP 43297 634 26 quite quite RB 43297 634 27 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 43297 634 28 . . . 43297 635 1 Others other NNS 43297 635 2 have have VBP 43297 635 3 been be VBN 43297 635 4 covered cover VBN 43297 635 5 by by IN 43297 635 6 deposits deposit NNS 43297 635 7 several several JJ 43297 635 8 miles mile NNS 43297 635 9 thick thick JJ 43297 635 10 ; ; : 43297 635 11 but but CC 43297 635 12 the the DT 43297 635 13 greater great JJR 43297 635 14 part part NN 43297 635 15 of of IN 43297 635 16 the the DT 43297 635 17 covering covering NN 43297 635 18 has have VBZ 43297 635 19 since since IN 43297 635 20 been be VBN 43297 635 21 removed remove VBN 43297 635 22 by by IN 43297 635 23 glacial glacial JJ 43297 635 24 or or CC 43297 635 25 other other JJ 43297 635 26 forces force NNS 43297 635 27 , , , 43297 635 28 so so IN 43297 635 29 that that IN 43297 635 30 clays clay NNS 43297 635 31 of of IN 43297 635 32 practically practically RB 43297 635 33 all all DT 43297 635 34 geological geological JJ 43297 635 35 ages age NNS 43297 635 36 may may MD 43297 635 37 be be VB 43297 635 38 found find VBN 43297 635 39 within within IN 43297 635 40 the the DT 43297 635 41 relatively relatively RB 43297 635 42 small small JJ 43297 635 43 area area NN 43297 635 44 of of IN 43297 635 45 Great Great NNP 43297 635 46 Britain Britain NNP 43297 635 47 . . . 43297 636 1 The the DT 43297 636 2 Transportation Transportation NNP 43297 636 3 of of IN 43297 636 4 Clays clay NNS 43297 636 5 . . . 43297 637 1 By by IN 43297 637 2 the the DT 43297 637 3 action action NN 43297 637 4 of of IN 43297 637 5 wind wind NN 43297 637 6 or or CC 43297 637 7 rain rain NN 43297 637 8 , , , 43297 637 9 or or CC 43297 637 10 of of IN 43297 637 11 rain rain NN 43297 637 12 following follow VBG 43297 637 13 frost frost NN 43297 637 14 , , , 43297 637 15 the the DT 43297 637 16 finer finer NN 43297 637 17 of of IN 43297 637 18 particles particle NNS 43297 637 19 clay clay NN 43297 637 20 are be VBP 43297 637 21 removed remove VBN 43297 637 22 from from IN 43297 637 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 637 24 primary primary JJ 43297 637 25 site site NN 43297 637 26 and and CC 43297 637 27 as as IN 43297 637 28 the the DT 43297 637 29 rain rain NN 43297 637 30 drops drop VBZ 43297 637 31 collect collect VBP 43297 637 32 into into IN 43297 637 33 streamlets streamlet NNS 43297 637 34 , , , 43297 637 35 these these DT 43297 637 36 unite unite VBP 43297 637 37 to to TO 43297 637 38 form form VB 43297 637 39 streams stream NNS 43297 637 40 and and CC 43297 637 41 rivers river NNS 43297 637 42 and and CC 43297 637 43 the the DT 43297 637 44 clay clay NN 43297 637 45 with with IN 43297 637 46 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 637 47 associated associate VBN 43297 637 48 minerals mineral NNS 43297 637 49 is be VBZ 43297 637 50 carried carry VBN 43297 637 51 along along RP 43297 637 52 by by IN 43297 637 53 the the DT 43297 637 54 water water NN 43297 637 55 . . . 43297 638 1 As as IN 43297 638 2 it -PRON- PRP 43297 638 3 travels travel VBZ 43297 638 4 over over IN 43297 638 5 other other JJ 43297 638 6 rocks rock NNS 43297 638 7 or or CC 43297 638 8 through through IN 43297 638 9 valleys valley NNS 43297 638 10 composed compose VBN 43297 638 11 of of IN 43297 638 12 sandstone sandstone NN 43297 638 13 , , , 43297 638 14 limestone limestone NN 43297 638 15 and and CC 43297 638 16 other other JJ 43297 638 17 materials material NNS 43297 638 18 , , , 43297 638 19 some some DT 43297 638 20 of of IN 43297 638 21 these these DT 43297 638 22 substances substance NNS 43297 638 23 are be VBP 43297 638 24 dislodged dislodge VBN 43297 638 25 , , , 43297 638 26 broken break VBN 43297 638 27 into into IN 43297 638 28 fragments fragment NNS 43297 638 29 of of IN 43297 638 30 various various JJ 43297 638 31 sizes size NNS 43297 638 32 and and CC 43297 638 33 with with IN 43297 638 34 the the DT 43297 638 35 clay clay NN 43297 638 36 are be VBP 43297 638 37 carried carry VBN 43297 638 38 still still RB 43297 638 39 further further RB 43297 638 40 . . . 43297 639 1 In in IN 43297 639 2 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 639 3 journey journey NN 43297 639 4 these these DT 43297 639 5 materials material NNS 43297 639 6 rub rub VBP 43297 639 7 against against IN 43297 639 8 each each DT 43297 639 9 other other JJ 43297 639 10 and and CC 43297 639 11 against against IN 43297 639 12 the the DT 43297 639 13 banks bank NNS 43297 639 14 and and CC 43297 639 15 bed bed NN 43297 639 16 of of IN 43297 639 17 the the DT 43297 639 18 stream stream NN 43297 639 19 , , , 43297 639 20 thereby thereby RB 43297 639 21 undergoing undergo VBG 43297 639 22 a a DT 43297 639 23 prolonged prolonged JJ 43297 639 24 process process NN 43297 639 25 of of IN 43297 639 26 grinding grind VBG 43297 639 27 whereby whereby WRB 43297 639 28 the the DT 43297 639 29 softer soft JJR 43297 639 30 rocks rock NNS 43297 639 31 are be VBP 43297 639 32 reduced reduce VBN 43297 639 33 to to IN 43297 639 34 very very RB 43297 639 35 fine fine JJ 43297 639 36 sand sand NN 43297 639 37 and and CC 43297 639 38 silt silt NN 43297 639 39 which which WDT 43297 639 40 becomes become VBZ 43297 639 41 , , , 43297 639 42 in in IN 43297 639 43 time time NN 43297 639 44 , , , 43297 639 45 very very RB 43297 639 46 intimately intimately RB 43297 639 47 mixed mixed JJ 43297 639 48 with with IN 43297 639 49 the the DT 43297 639 50 clay clay NN 43297 639 51 . . . 43297 640 1 If if IN 43297 640 2 the the DT 43297 640 3 velocity velocity NN 43297 640 4 of of IN 43297 640 5 the the DT 43297 640 6 stream stream NN 43297 640 7 were be VBD 43297 640 8 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 640 9 great great JJ 43297 640 10 , , , 43297 640 11 the the DT 43297 640 12 mixed mix VBN 43297 640 13 materials material NNS 43297 640 14 -- -- : 43297 640 15 derived derive VBN 43297 640 16 from from IN 43297 640 17 as as RB 43297 640 18 many many JJ 43297 640 19 sources source NNS 43297 640 20 as as IN 43297 640 21 there there EX 43297 640 22 are be VBP 43297 640 23 rocks rock NNS 43297 640 24 of of IN 43297 640 25 the the DT 43297 640 26 districts district NNS 43297 640 27 through through IN 43297 640 28 which which WDT 43297 640 29 they -PRON- PRP 43297 640 30 have have VBP 43297 640 31 passed pass VBN 43297 640 32 -- -- : 43297 640 33 would would MD 43297 640 34 be be VB 43297 640 35 discharged discharge VBN 43297 640 36 into into IN 43297 640 37 a a DT 43297 640 38 lake lake NN 43297 640 39 or or CC 43297 640 40 into into IN 43297 640 41 the the DT 43297 640 42 sea sea NN 43297 640 43 . . . 43297 641 1 Here here RB 43297 641 2 the the DT 43297 641 3 velocity velocity NN 43297 641 4 of of IN 43297 641 5 the the DT 43297 641 6 water water NN 43297 641 7 would would MD 43297 641 8 be be VB 43297 641 9 so so RB 43297 641 10 greatly greatly RB 43297 641 11 reduced reduce VBN 43297 641 12 that that IN 43297 641 13 the the DT 43297 641 14 materials material NNS 43297 641 15 would would MD 43297 641 16 gradually gradually RB 43297 641 17 settle settle VB 43297 641 18 , , , 43297 641 19 the the DT 43297 641 20 largest large JJS 43297 641 21 and and CC 43297 641 22 heaviest heavy JJS 43297 641 23 fragments fragment NNS 43297 641 24 being be VBG 43297 641 25 first first RB 43297 641 26 deposited deposit VBN 43297 641 27 and and CC 43297 641 28 the the DT 43297 641 29 finer fine JJR 43297 641 30 ones one NNS 43297 641 31 at at IN 43297 641 32 a a DT 43297 641 33 greater great JJR 43297 641 34 distance distance NN 43297 641 35 . . . 43297 642 1 With with IN 43297 642 2 most most JJS 43297 642 3 streams stream NNS 43297 642 4 and and CC 43297 642 5 rivers river NNS 43297 642 6 , , , 43297 642 7 however however RB 43297 642 8 , , , 43297 642 9 the the DT 43297 642 10 velocity velocity NN 43297 642 11 of of IN 43297 642 12 the the DT 43297 642 13 water water NN 43297 642 14 is be VBZ 43297 642 15 very very RB 43297 642 16 variable variable JJ 43297 642 17 , , , 43297 642 18 and and CC 43297 642 19 a a DT 43297 642 20 certain certain JJ 43297 642 21 amount amount NN 43297 642 22 of of IN 43297 642 23 deposition deposition NN 43297 642 24 therefore therefore RB 43297 642 25 occurs occur VBZ 43297 642 26 along along RP 43297 642 27 the the DT 43297 642 28 course course NN 43297 642 29 , , , 43297 642 30 the the DT 43297 642 31 heavier heavy JJR 43297 642 32 particles particle NNS 43297 642 33 only only RB 43297 642 34 travelling travel VBG 43297 642 35 a a DT 43297 642 36 short short JJ 43297 642 37 distance distance NN 43297 642 38 , , , 43297 642 39 whilst whilst IN 43297 642 40 the the DT 43297 642 41 finer fine JJR 43297 642 42 ones one NNS 43297 642 43 are be VBP 43297 642 44 readily readily RB 43297 642 45 transported transport VBN 43297 642 46 . . . 43297 643 1 If if IN 43297 643 2 the the DT 43297 643 3 velocity velocity NN 43297 643 4 of of IN 43297 643 5 the the DT 43297 643 6 stream stream NN 43297 643 7 increases increase NNS 43297 643 8 , , , 43297 643 9 these these DT 43297 643 10 finer fine JJR 43297 643 11 particles particle NNS 43297 643 12 ( ( -LRB- 43297 643 13 which which WDT 43297 643 14 include include VBP 43297 643 15 the the DT 43297 643 16 clay clay NN 43297 643 17 ) ) -RRB- 43297 643 18 may may MD 43297 643 19 become become VB 43297 643 20 mixed mixed JJ 43297 643 21 with with IN 43297 643 22 other other JJ 43297 643 23 particles particle NNS 43297 643 24 of of IN 43297 643 25 various various JJ 43297 643 26 sizes size NNS 43297 643 27 and and CC 43297 643 28 the the DT 43297 643 29 materials material NNS 43297 643 30 thus thus RB 43297 643 31 undergo undergo VBP 43297 643 32 a a DT 43297 643 33 series series NN 43297 643 34 of of IN 43297 643 35 mixings mixing NNS 43297 643 36 and and CC 43297 643 37 partial partial JJ 43297 643 38 sortings sorting NNS 43297 643 39 until until IN 43297 643 40 they -PRON- PRP 43297 643 41 are be VBP 43297 643 42 discharged discharge VBN 43297 643 43 at at IN 43297 643 44 the the DT 43297 643 45 river river NN 43297 643 46 mouth mouth NN 43297 643 47 or or CC 43297 643 48 are be VBP 43297 643 49 left leave VBN 43297 643 50 along along IN 43297 643 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 643 52 sides side NNS 43297 643 53 by by IN 43297 643 54 a a DT 43297 643 55 gradual gradual JJ 43297 643 56 sinking sinking NN 43297 643 57 of of IN 43297 643 58 the the DT 43297 643 59 water water NN 43297 643 60 level level NN 43297 643 61 . . . 43297 644 1 The the DT 43297 644 2 clay clay NN 43297 644 3 will will MD 43297 644 4 be be VB 43297 644 5 carried carry VBN 43297 644 6 the the DT 43297 644 7 whole whole JJ 43297 644 8 course course NN 43297 644 9 of of IN 43297 644 10 the the DT 43297 644 11 river river NN 43297 644 12 , , , 43297 644 13 unless unless IN 43297 644 14 it -PRON- PRP 43297 644 15 is be VBZ 43297 644 16 deposited deposit VBN 43297 644 17 at at IN 43297 644 18 some some DT 43297 644 19 place place NN 43297 644 20 where where WRB 43297 644 21 the the DT 43297 644 22 velocity velocity NN 43297 644 23 of of IN 43297 644 24 the the DT 43297 644 25 water water NN 43297 644 26 is be VBZ 43297 644 27 reduced reduce VBN 43297 644 28 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 644 29 to to TO 43297 644 30 permit permit VB 43297 644 31 it -PRON- PRP 43297 644 32 to to TO 43297 644 33 settle settle VB 43297 644 34 . . . 43297 645 1 If if IN 43297 645 2 floods flood NNS 43297 645 3 arise arise VBP 43297 645 4 , , , 43297 645 5 the the DT 43297 645 6 area area NN 43297 645 7 affected affect VBN 43297 645 8 by by IN 43297 645 9 the the DT 43297 645 10 water water NN 43297 645 11 will will MD 43297 645 12 be be VB 43297 645 13 increased increase VBN 43297 645 14 . . . 43297 646 1 The the DT 43297 646 2 _ _ NNP 43297 646 3 alluvial alluvial JJ 43297 646 4 clays clay NNS 43297 646 5 _ _ NNP 43297 646 6 have have VBP 43297 646 7 , , , 43297 646 8 apparently apparently RB 43297 646 9 , , , 43297 646 10 been be VBN 43297 646 11 formed form VBN 43297 646 12 by by IN 43297 646 13 overflowing overflow VBG 43297 646 14 streams stream NNS 43297 646 15 and and CC 43297 646 16 rivers river NNS 43297 646 17 , , , 43297 646 18 the the DT 43297 646 19 material material NN 43297 646 20 in in IN 43297 646 21 suspension suspension NN 43297 646 22 in in IN 43297 646 23 the the DT 43297 646 24 water water NN 43297 646 25 being be VBG 43297 646 26 deposited deposit VBN 43297 646 27 as as IN 43297 646 28 the the DT 43297 646 29 rate rate NN 43297 646 30 of of IN 43297 646 31 flow flow NN 43297 646 32 diminished diminish VBN 43297 646 33 . . . 43297 647 1 Such such JJ 43297 647 2 alluvial alluvial JJ 43297 647 3 deposits deposit NNS 43297 647 4 contain contain VBP 43297 647 5 a a DT 43297 647 6 variety variety NN 43297 647 7 of of IN 43297 647 8 minerals mineral NNS 43297 647 9 -- -- : 43297 647 10 usually usually RB 43297 647 11 in in IN 43297 647 12 a a DT 43297 647 13 very very RB 43297 647 14 finely finely RB 43297 647 15 divided divide VBN 43297 647 16 state state NN 43297 647 17 -- -- : 43297 647 18 clay clay NN 43297 647 19 , , , 43297 647 20 limestone limestone NN 43297 647 21 - - HYPH 43297 647 22 dust dust NN 43297 647 23 or or CC 43297 647 24 chalk chalk NN 43297 647 25 , , , 43297 647 26 and and CC 43297 647 27 sand sand NN 43297 647 28 being be VBG 43297 647 29 those those DT 43297 647 30 most most RBS 43297 647 31 usually usually RB 43297 647 32 found find VBN 43297 647 33 . . . 43297 648 1 _ _ NNP 43297 648 2 River River NNP 43297 648 3 - - HYPH 43297 648 4 deposited deposit VBN 43297 648 5 clays clay NNS 43297 648 6 _ _ NNP 43297 648 7 , , , 43297 648 8 _ _ NNP 43297 648 9 i.e. i.e. FW 43297 648 10 _ _ NNP 43297 648 11 , , , 43297 648 12 those those DT 43297 648 13 which which WDT 43297 648 14 have have VBP 43297 648 15 accumulated accumulate VBN 43297 648 16 along along IN 43297 648 17 the the DT 43297 648 18 banks bank NNS 43297 648 19 , , , 43297 648 20 are be VBP 43297 648 21 characterized characterize VBN 43297 648 22 by by IN 43297 648 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 648 24 irregularity irregularity NN 43297 648 25 in in IN 43297 648 26 thickness thickness NN 43297 648 27 , , , 43297 648 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 648 29 variable variable JJ 43297 648 30 composition composition NN 43297 648 31 and and CC 43297 648 32 the the DT 43297 648 33 extent extent NN 43297 648 34 to to TO 43297 648 35 which which WDT 43297 648 36 various various JJ 43297 648 37 materials material NNS 43297 648 38 are be VBP 43297 648 39 mixed mixed JJ 43297 648 40 together together RB 43297 648 41 . . . 43297 649 1 This this DT 43297 649 2 renders render VBZ 43297 649 3 them -PRON- PRP 43297 649 4 difficult difficult JJ 43297 649 5 to to TO 43297 649 6 work work VB 43297 649 7 and and CC 43297 649 8 greatly greatly RB 43297 649 9 increases increase VBZ 43297 649 10 the the DT 43297 649 11 risks risk NNS 43297 649 12 of of IN 43297 649 13 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 649 14 as as IN 43297 649 15 the the DT 43297 649 16 whole whole JJ 43297 649 17 character character NN 43297 649 18 of of IN 43297 649 19 a a DT 43297 649 20 fluviatile fluviatile NN 43297 649 21 clay clay NN 43297 649 22 may may MD 43297 649 23 change change VB 43297 649 24 completely completely RB 43297 649 25 in in IN 43297 649 26 the the DT 43297 649 27 course course NN 43297 649 28 of of IN 43297 649 29 a a DT 43297 649 30 few few JJ 43297 649 31 yards yard NNS 43297 649 32 . . . 43297 650 1 According accord VBG 43297 650 2 to to IN 43297 650 3 the the DT 43297 650 4 districts district NNS 43297 650 5 traversed traverse VBN 43297 650 6 by by IN 43297 650 7 the the DT 43297 650 8 water water NN 43297 650 9 , , , 43297 650 10 the the DT 43297 650 11 extent extent NN 43297 650 12 to to TO 43297 650 13 which which WDT 43297 650 14 the the DT 43297 650 15 materials material NNS 43297 650 16 have have VBP 43297 650 17 been be VBN 43297 650 18 deposited deposit VBN 43297 650 19 and and CC 43297 650 20 re re VBN 43297 650 21 - - VBN 43297 650 22 transported transported JJ 43297 650 23 and and CC 43297 650 24 the the DT 43297 650 25 fresh fresh JJ 43297 650 26 materials material NNS 43297 650 27 introduced introduce VBN 43297 650 28 by by IN 43297 650 29 earth earth NN 43297 650 30 - - HYPH 43297 650 31 movements movement NNS 43297 650 32 , , , 43297 650 33 river river NN 43297 650 34 - - HYPH 43297 650 35 deposited deposit VBN 43297 650 36 clays clay NNS 43297 650 37 may may MD 43297 650 38 be be VB 43297 650 39 ( ( -LRB- 43297 650 40 _ _ NNP 43297 650 41 a a DT 43297 650 42 _ _ NNP 43297 650 43 ) ) -RRB- 43297 650 44 _ _ NNP 43297 650 45 plastic plastic NN 43297 650 46 _ _ NNP 43297 650 47 and and CC 43297 650 48 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 650 49 pure pure JJ 43297 650 50 to to TO 43297 650 51 be be VB 43297 650 52 classified classify VBN 43297 650 53 as as IN 43297 650 54 ' ' `` 43297 650 55 clays clay NNS 43297 650 56 , , , 43297 650 57 ' ' '' 43297 650 58 ( ( -LRB- 43297 650 59 _ _ NNP 43297 650 60 b b NNP 43297 650 61 _ _ NNP 43297 650 62 ) ) -RRB- 43297 650 63 _ _ NNP 43297 650 64 marls marls NNP 43297 650 65 _ _ NNP 43297 650 66 or or CC 43297 650 67 clays clay NNS 43297 650 68 containing contain VBG 43297 650 69 limestone limestone NN 43297 650 70 - - HYPH 43297 650 71 dust dust NN 43297 650 72 or or CC 43297 650 73 chalk chalk NN 43297 650 74 thoroughly thoroughly RB 43297 650 75 mixed mix VBN 43297 650 76 with with IN 43297 650 77 the the DT 43297 650 78 clay clay NN 43297 650 79 , , , 43297 650 80 and and CC 43297 650 81 ( ( -LRB- 43297 650 82 _ _ NNP 43297 650 83 c c NNP 43297 650 84 _ _ NNP 43297 650 85 ) ) -RRB- 43297 650 86 _ _ NNP 43297 650 87 loams loams NNP 43297 650 88 _ _ NNP 43297 650 89 or or CC 43297 650 90 clays clay NNS 43297 650 91 containing contain VBG 43297 650 92 so so RB 43297 650 93 much much JJ 43297 650 94 sand sand NN 43297 650 95 that that IN 43297 650 96 they -PRON- PRP 43297 650 97 may may MD 43297 650 98 be be VB 43297 650 99 distinguished distinguish VBN 43297 650 100 by by IN 43297 650 101 the the DT 43297 650 102 touch touch NN 43297 650 103 from from IN 43297 650 104 the the DT 43297 650 105 clays clay NNS 43297 650 106 in in IN 43297 650 107 class class NN 43297 650 108 ( ( -LRB- 43297 650 109 _ _ NNP 43297 650 110 a a DT 43297 650 111 _ _ NNP 43297 650 112 ) ) -RRB- 43297 650 113 . . . 43297 651 1 Intermediate intermediate JJ 43297 651 2 to to IN 43297 651 3 these these DT 43297 651 4 well well RB 43297 651 5 - - HYPH 43297 651 6 defined define VBN 43297 651 7 classes class NNS 43297 651 8 there there EX 43297 651 9 are be VBP 43297 651 10 numerous numerous JJ 43297 651 11 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 651 12 bearing bear VBG 43297 651 13 compound compound NN 43297 651 14 names name NNS 43297 651 15 such such JJ 43297 651 16 as as IN 43297 651 17 sandy sandy NNP 43297 651 18 loams loams NNP 43297 651 19 , , , 43297 651 20 sandy sandy NNP 43297 651 21 marls marls NNP 43297 651 22 , , , 43297 651 23 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 651 24 limestone limestone NN 43297 651 25 , , , 43297 651 26 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 651 27 sands sand NNS 43297 651 28 , , , 43297 651 29 and and CC 43297 651 30 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 651 31 arenaceous arenaceous JJ 43297 651 32 clays clay NNS 43297 651 33 , , , 43297 651 34 to to TO 43297 651 35 which which WDT 43297 651 36 no no DT 43297 651 37 definite definite JJ 43297 651 38 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 651 39 can can MD 43297 651 40 be be VB 43297 651 41 assigned assign VBN 43297 651 42 . . . 43297 652 1 To to IN 43297 652 2 some some DT 43297 652 3 extent extent NN 43297 652 4 a a DT 43297 652 5 transportation transportation NN 43297 652 6 of of IN 43297 652 7 clays clay NNS 43297 652 8 and and CC 43297 652 9 associated associate VBN 43297 652 10 materials material NNS 43297 652 11 occurs occur VBZ 43297 652 12 in in IN 43297 652 13 _ _ NNP 43297 652 14 lakes lakes NNP 43297 652 15 _ _ NNP 43297 652 16 , , , 43297 652 17 but but CC 43297 652 18 the the DT 43297 652 19 chief chief JJ 43297 652 20 processes process NNS 43297 652 21 there there EX 43297 652 22 are be VBP 43297 652 23 of of IN 43297 652 24 the the DT 43297 652 25 nature nature NN 43297 652 26 of of IN 43297 652 27 sedimentation sedimentation NN 43297 652 28 accompanied accompany VBN 43297 652 29 by by IN 43297 652 30 some some DT 43297 652 31 amount amount NN 43297 652 32 of of IN 43297 652 33 separation separation NN 43297 652 34 . . . 43297 653 1 On on IN 43297 653 2 the the DT 43297 653 3 shores shore NNS 43297 653 4 of of IN 43297 653 5 lakes lake NNS 43297 653 6 , , , 43297 653 7 and and CC 43297 653 8 to to IN 43297 653 9 a a DT 43297 653 10 much much RB 43297 653 11 larger large JJR 43297 653 12 extent extent NN 43297 653 13 on on IN 43297 653 14 the the DT 43297 653 15 sea sea NN 43297 653 16 coasts coast NNS 43297 653 17 , , , 43297 653 18 extensive extensive JJ 43297 653 19 erosion erosion NN 43297 653 20 followed follow VBN 43297 653 21 by by IN 43297 653 22 transportation transportation NN 43297 653 23 occurs occur VBZ 43297 653 24 continuously continuously RB 43297 653 25 , , , 43297 653 26 enormous enormous JJ 43297 653 27 quantities quantity NNS 43297 653 28 of of IN 43297 653 29 land land NN 43297 653 30 being be VBG 43297 653 31 annually annually RB 43297 653 32 removed remove VBN 43297 653 33 and and CC 43297 653 34 deposited deposit VBN 43297 653 35 in in IN 43297 653 36 some some DT 43297 653 37 portion portion NN 43297 653 38 of of IN 43297 653 39 the the DT 43297 653 40 ocean ocean NN 43297 653 41 bed bed NN 43297 653 42 . . . 43297 654 1 The the DT 43297 654 2 erosion erosion NN 43297 654 3 of of IN 43297 654 4 cliffs cliff NNS 43297 654 5 and and CC 43297 654 6 the the DT 43297 654 7 corresponding corresponding JJ 43297 654 8 formation formation NN 43297 654 9 of of IN 43297 654 10 sand sand NN 43297 654 11 and and CC 43297 654 12 pebbles pebble NNS 43297 654 13 are be VBP 43297 654 14 too too RB 43297 654 15 well well RB 43297 654 16 known known JJ 43297 654 17 to to TO 43297 654 18 need need VB 43297 654 19 further further JJ 43297 654 20 description description NN 43297 654 21 . . . 43297 655 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 655 2 should should MD 43297 655 3 , , , 43297 655 4 however however RB 43297 655 5 , , , 43297 655 6 be be VB 43297 655 7 noticed notice VBN 43297 655 8 that that IN 43297 655 9 the the DT 43297 655 10 clay clay NN 43297 655 11 particles particle NNS 43297 655 12 , , , 43297 655 13 being be VBG 43297 655 14 much much RB 43297 655 15 finer fine JJR 43297 655 16 , , , 43297 655 17 are be VBP 43297 655 18 carried carry VBN 43297 655 19 so so RB 43297 655 20 far far RB 43297 655 21 away away RB 43297 655 22 from from IN 43297 655 23 the the DT 43297 655 24 shore shore NN 43297 655 25 that that WDT 43297 655 26 only only RB 43297 655 27 pebbles pebble NNS 43297 655 28 and and CC 43297 655 29 sand sand NN 43297 655 30 remain remain VBP 43297 655 31 to to TO 43297 655 32 form form VB 43297 655 33 the the DT 43297 655 34 beaches beach NNS 43297 655 35 , , , 43297 655 36 the the DT 43297 655 37 finer fine JJR 43297 655 38 particles particle NNS 43297 655 39 forming form VBG 43297 655 40 ' ' '' 43297 655 41 ocean ocean NN 43297 655 42 ooze ooze NN 43297 655 43 . . . 43297 655 44 ' ' '' 43297 656 1 The the DT 43297 656 2 action action NN 43297 656 3 of of IN 43297 656 4 the the DT 43297 656 5 _ _ NNP 43297 656 6 sea sea NN 43297 656 7 _ _ NNP 43297 656 8 in in IN 43297 656 9 the the DT 43297 656 10 transport transport NN 43297 656 11 of of IN 43297 656 12 rock rock NN 43297 656 13 - - HYPH 43297 656 14 materials material NNS 43297 656 15 is be VBZ 43297 656 16 more more RBR 43297 656 17 intense intense JJ 43297 656 18 than than IN 43297 656 19 that that DT 43297 656 20 of of IN 43297 656 21 rivers river NNS 43297 656 22 , , , 43297 656 23 the the DT 43297 656 24 coasts coast NNS 43297 656 25 being be VBG 43297 656 26 worn wear VBN 43297 656 27 away away RP 43297 656 28 by by IN 43297 656 29 repeated repeat VBN 43297 656 30 blows blow NNS 43297 656 31 from from IN 43297 656 32 the the DT 43297 656 33 waves wave NNS 43297 656 34 and and CC 43297 656 35 the the DT 43297 656 36 pebbles pebble NNS 43297 656 37 and and CC 43297 656 38 sand sand NN 43297 656 39 grains grain NNS 43297 656 40 the the DT 43297 656 41 latter latter JJ 43297 656 42 contain contain NN 43297 656 43 . . . 43297 657 1 The the DT 43297 657 2 ocean ocean NN 43297 657 3 currents current NNS 43297 657 4 carry carry VBP 43297 657 5 the the DT 43297 657 6 materials material NNS 43297 657 7 dislodged dislodge VBN 43297 657 8 by by IN 43297 657 9 the the DT 43297 657 10 waves wave NNS 43297 657 11 and and CC 43297 657 12 transport transport VB 43297 657 13 them -PRON- PRP 43297 657 14 , , , 43297 657 15 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 657 16 to to IN 43297 657 17 enormous enormous JJ 43297 657 18 distances distance NNS 43297 657 19 , , , 43297 657 20 usually usually RB 43297 657 21 allowing allow VBG 43297 657 22 a a DT 43297 657 23 considerable considerable JJ 43297 657 24 amount amount NN 43297 657 25 of of IN 43297 657 26 separation separation NN 43297 657 27 to to TO 43297 657 28 take take VB 43297 657 29 place place NN 43297 657 30 during during IN 43297 657 31 the the DT 43297 657 32 transit transit NN 43297 657 33 . . . 43297 658 1 In in IN 43297 658 2 this this DT 43297 658 3 way way NN 43297 658 4 they -PRON- PRP 43297 658 5 act act VBP 43297 658 6 in in IN 43297 658 7 a a DT 43297 658 8 similar similar JJ 43297 658 9 manner manner NN 43297 658 10 to to IN 43297 658 11 rivers river NNS 43297 658 12 and and CC 43297 658 13 streams stream NNS 43297 658 14 . . . 43297 659 1 _ _ NNP 43297 659 2 Glaciers Glaciers NNPS 43297 659 3 _ _ NNP 43297 659 4 may may MD 43297 659 5 be be VB 43297 659 6 regarded regard VBN 43297 659 7 as as IN 43297 659 8 rivers river NNS 43297 659 9 of of IN 43297 659 10 ice ice NN 43297 659 11 which which WDT 43297 659 12 erode erode VBP 43297 659 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 659 14 banks bank NNS 43297 659 15 and and CC 43297 659 16 bed bed NN 43297 659 17 in in IN 43297 659 18 a a DT 43297 659 19 manner manner NN 43297 659 20 similar similar JJ 43297 659 21 to to IN 43297 659 22 , , , 43297 659 23 but but CC 43297 659 24 more more RBR 43297 659 25 rapidly rapidly RB 43297 659 26 than than IN 43297 659 27 , , , 43297 659 28 streams stream NNS 43297 659 29 of of IN 43297 659 30 water water NN 43297 659 31 . . . 43297 660 1 Owing owe VBG 43297 660 2 to to IN 43297 660 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 660 4 much much RB 43297 660 5 greater great JJR 43297 660 6 viscosity viscosity NN 43297 660 7 , , , 43297 660 8 glaciers glacier NNS 43297 660 9 are be VBP 43297 660 10 able able JJ 43297 660 11 to to TO 43297 660 12 carry carry VB 43297 660 13 large large JJ 43297 660 14 boulders boulder NNS 43297 660 15 as as RB 43297 660 16 well well RB 43297 660 17 as as IN 43297 660 18 gravel gravel NN 43297 660 19 , , , 43297 660 20 sand sand NN 43297 660 21 and and CC 43297 660 22 clay clay NN 43297 660 23 , , , 43297 660 24 so so IN 43297 660 25 that that IN 43297 660 26 the the DT 43297 660 27 materials material NNS 43297 660 28 transported transport VBN 43297 660 29 by by IN 43297 660 30 them -PRON- PRP 43297 660 31 are be VBP 43297 660 32 far far RB 43297 660 33 more more RBR 43297 660 34 complex complex JJ 43297 660 35 in in IN 43297 660 36 composition composition NN 43297 660 37 and and CC 43297 660 38 size size NN 43297 660 39 than than IN 43297 660 40 are be VBP 43297 660 41 those those DT 43297 660 42 carried carry VBN 43297 660 43 by by IN 43297 660 44 flowing flow VBG 43297 660 45 water water NN 43297 660 46 . . . 43297 661 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 661 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 661 3 : : : 43297 661 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 661 5 . . . 43297 662 1 14 14 CD 43297 662 2 . . . 43297 663 1 Illustrating illustrate VBG 43297 663 2 the the DT 43297 663 3 successive successive JJ 43297 663 4 deposition deposition NN 43297 663 5 of of IN 43297 663 6 different different JJ 43297 663 7 strata strata NN 43297 663 8 . . . 43297 663 9 ] ] -RRB- 43297 664 1 Separation separation NN 43297 664 2 and and CC 43297 664 3 Sedimentation Sedimentation NNP 43297 664 4 . . . 43297 665 1 The the DT 43297 665 2 clay clay NN 43297 665 3 and and CC 43297 665 4 other other JJ 43297 665 5 particles particle NNS 43297 665 6 having have VBG 43297 665 7 been be VBN 43297 665 8 placed place VBN 43297 665 9 in in IN 43297 665 10 suspension suspension NN 43297 665 11 in in IN 43297 665 12 water water NN 43297 665 13 by by IN 43297 665 14 one one CD 43297 665 15 or or CC 43297 665 16 more more JJR 43297 665 17 of of IN 43297 665 18 the the DT 43297 665 19 natural natural JJ 43297 665 20 forces force NNS 43297 665 21 already already RB 43297 665 22 mentioned mention VBN 43297 665 23 , , , 43297 665 24 they -PRON- PRP 43297 665 25 soon soon RB 43297 665 26 undergo undergo VBP 43297 665 27 a a DT 43297 665 28 process process NN 43297 665 29 of of IN 43297 665 30 sorting sort VBG 43297 665 31 or or CC 43297 665 32 separation separation NN 43297 665 33 , , , 43297 665 34 previous previous JJ 43297 665 35 to to IN 43297 665 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 665 37 deposition deposition NN 43297 665 38 . . . 43297 666 1 The the DT 43297 666 2 power power NN 43297 666 3 of of IN 43297 666 4 water water NN 43297 666 5 for for IN 43297 666 6 carrying carry VBG 43297 666 7 matter matter NN 43297 666 8 in in IN 43297 666 9 suspension suspension NN 43297 666 10 depends depend VBZ 43297 666 11 largely largely RB 43297 666 12 on on IN 43297 666 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 666 14 velocity velocity NN 43297 666 15 , , , 43297 666 16 and and CC 43297 666 17 when when WRB 43297 666 18 this this DT 43297 666 19 is be VBZ 43297 666 20 reduced reduce VBN 43297 666 21 , , , 43297 666 22 as as IN 43297 666 23 when when WRB 43297 666 24 a a DT 43297 666 25 river river NN 43297 666 26 discharges discharge VBZ 43297 666 27 into into IN 43297 666 28 a a DT 43297 666 29 lake lake NN 43297 666 30 or or CC 43297 666 31 sea sea NN 43297 666 32 , , , 43297 666 33 the the DT 43297 666 34 larger large JJR 43297 666 35 and and CC 43297 666 36 denser denser NN 43297 666 37 particles particle NNS 43297 666 38 at at IN 43297 666 39 once once RB 43297 666 40 commence commence NN 43297 666 41 to to TO 43297 666 42 settle settle VB 43297 666 43 , , , 43297 666 44 the the DT 43297 666 45 smaller small JJR 43297 666 46 ones one NNS 43297 666 47 remaining remain VBG 43297 666 48 longer long RBR 43297 666 49 in in IN 43297 666 50 suspension suspension NN 43297 666 51 , , , 43297 666 52 though though IN 43297 666 53 if if IN 43297 666 54 the the DT 43297 666 55 velocity velocity NN 43297 666 56 of of IN 43297 666 57 the the DT 43297 666 58 water water NN 43297 666 59 is be VBZ 43297 666 60 reduced reduce VBN 43297 666 61 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 666 62 all all PDT 43297 666 63 the the DT 43297 666 64 particles particle NNS 43297 666 65 will will MD 43297 666 66 be be VB 43297 666 67 deposited deposit VBN 43297 666 68 . . . 43297 667 1 Hence hence RB 43297 667 2 , , , 43297 667 3 the the DT 43297 667 4 deposits deposit NNS 43297 667 5 in in IN 43297 667 6 lakes lake NNS 43297 667 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 667 8 _ _ NNP 43297 667 9 lacustrine lacustrine NNP 43297 667 10 _ _ NNP 43297 667 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 667 12 and and CC 43297 667 13 at at IN 43297 667 14 the the DT 43297 667 15 mouths mouth NNS 43297 667 16 of of IN 43297 667 17 rivers river NNS 43297 667 18 ( ( -LRB- 43297 667 19 _ _ NNP 43297 667 20 estuarine estuarine NN 43297 667 21 _ _ NNP 43297 667 22 ) ) -RRB- 43297 667 23 increase increase VB 43297 667 24 more more RBR 43297 667 25 or or CC 43297 667 26 less less RBR 43297 667 27 regularly regularly RB 43297 667 28 in in IN 43297 667 29 fineness fineness NN 43297 667 30 according accord VBG 43297 667 31 to to IN 43297 667 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 667 33 distance distance NN 43297 667 34 from from IN 43297 667 35 the the DT 43297 667 36 point point NN 43297 667 37 at at IN 43297 667 38 which which WDT 43297 667 39 the the DT 43297 667 40 water water NN 43297 667 41 enters enter VBZ 43297 667 42 , , , 43297 667 43 the the DT 43297 667 44 gravel gravel NN 43297 667 45 and and CC 43297 667 46 stones stone NNS 43297 667 47 being be VBG 43297 667 48 deposited deposit VBN 43297 667 49 first first RB 43297 667 50 , , , 43297 667 51 then then RB 43297 667 52 the the DT 43297 667 53 coarse coarse JJ 43297 667 54 sand sand NN 43297 667 55 , , , 43297 667 56 next next IN 43297 667 57 the the DT 43297 667 58 finer fine JJR 43297 667 59 sand sand NN 43297 667 60 and and CC 43297 667 61 finally finally RB 43297 667 62 the the DT 43297 667 63 silt silt NN 43297 667 64 and and CC 43297 667 65 clay clay NN 43297 667 66 ( ( -LRB- 43297 667 67 fig fig NN 43297 667 68 . . . 43297 668 1 14 14 CD 43297 668 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 668 3 . . . 43297 669 1 If if IN 43297 669 2 cross cross NN 43297 669 3 - - NNS 43297 669 4 currents current NNS 43297 669 5 are be VBP 43297 669 6 present present JJ 43297 669 7 , , , 43297 669 8 the the DT 43297 669 9 deposits deposit NNS 43297 669 10 will will MD 43297 669 11 , , , 43297 669 12 naturally naturally RB 43297 669 13 , , , 43297 669 14 be be VB 43297 669 15 made make VBN 43297 669 16 more more RBR 43297 669 17 irregular irregular JJ 43297 669 18 , , , 43297 669 19 and and CC 43297 669 20 in in IN 43297 669 21 some some DT 43297 669 22 cases case NNS 43297 669 23 variations variation NNS 43297 669 24 in in IN 43297 669 25 the the DT 43297 669 26 flow flow NN 43297 669 27 of of IN 43297 669 28 the the DT 43297 669 29 transporting transporting JJ 43297 669 30 water water NN 43297 669 31 may may MD 43297 669 32 cause cause VB 43297 669 33 the the DT 43297 669 34 coarser coarser NN 43297 669 35 particles particle NNS 43297 669 36 to to TO 43297 669 37 be be VB 43297 669 38 carried carry VBN 43297 669 39 further far RBR 43297 669 40 than than IN 43297 669 41 usual usual JJ 43297 669 42 so so IN 43297 669 43 that that IN 43297 669 44 they -PRON- PRP 43297 669 45 may may MD 43297 669 46 cover cover VB 43297 669 47 some some DT 43297 669 48 of of IN 43297 669 49 the the DT 43297 669 50 finer finer NN 43297 669 51 deposits deposit NNS 43297 669 52 previously previously RB 43297 669 53 formed form VBN 43297 669 54 ; ; : 43297 669 55 but but CC 43297 669 56 as as IN 43297 669 57 the the DT 43297 669 58 clay clay NN 43297 669 59 and and CC 43297 669 60 silt silt NN 43297 669 61 particles particle NNS 43297 669 62 are be VBP 43297 669 63 so so RB 43297 669 64 much much RB 43297 669 65 finer fine JJR 43297 669 66 than than IN 43297 669 67 sand sand NN 43297 669 68 and and CC 43297 669 69 gravel gravel VBP 43297 669 70 they -PRON- PRP 43297 669 71 usually usually RB 43297 669 72 travel travel VBP 43297 669 73 so so RB 43297 669 74 far far RB 43297 669 75 before before IN 43297 669 76 settling settle VBG 43297 669 77 that that IN 43297 669 78 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 669 79 deposits deposit NNS 43297 669 80 are be VBP 43297 669 81 very very RB 43297 669 82 uniform uniform JJ 43297 669 83 if if IN 43297 669 84 the the DT 43297 669 85 area area NN 43297 669 86 over over IN 43297 669 87 which which WDT 43297 669 88 they -PRON- PRP 43297 669 89 are be VBP 43297 669 90 spread spread VBN 43297 669 91 is be VBZ 43297 669 92 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 669 93 large large JJ 43297 669 94 . . . 43297 670 1 Lake lake NN 43297 670 2 - - HYPH 43297 670 3 deposited deposit VBN 43297 670 4 clays clay NNS 43297 670 5 are be VBP 43297 670 6 for for IN 43297 670 7 this this DT 43297 670 8 reason reason NN 43297 670 9 more more RBR 43297 670 10 uniform uniform JJ 43297 670 11 than than IN 43297 670 12 estuarine estuarine JJ 43297 670 13 beds bed NNS 43297 670 14 , , , 43297 670 15 whilst whilst IN 43297 670 16 beds bed NNS 43297 670 17 deposited deposit VBN 43297 670 18 at at IN 43297 670 19 considerable considerable JJ 43297 670 20 depths depth NNS 43297 670 21 in in IN 43297 670 22 the the DT 43297 670 23 sea sea NN 43297 670 24 and and CC 43297 670 25 at at IN 43297 670 26 a a DT 43297 670 27 great great JJ 43297 670 28 distance distance NN 43297 670 29 from from IN 43297 670 30 land land NN 43297 670 31 are be VBP 43297 670 32 still still RB 43297 670 33 more more RBR 43297 670 34 uniform uniform JJ 43297 670 35 . . . 43297 671 1 A a DT 43297 671 2 _ _ NNP 43297 671 3 lacustrine lacustrine NN 43297 671 4 clay clay NN 43297 671 5 _ _ NNP 43297 671 6 is be VBZ 43297 671 7 usually usually RB 43297 671 8 more more RBR 43297 671 9 persistent persistent JJ 43297 671 10 and and CC 43297 671 11 uniform uniform JJ 43297 671 12 than than IN 43297 671 13 fluviatile fluviatile NN 43297 671 14 beds bed NNS 43297 671 15 though though IN 43297 671 16 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 671 17 difficult difficult JJ 43297 671 18 to to TO 43297 671 19 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 671 20 from from IN 43297 671 21 the the DT 43297 671 22 latter latter JJ 43297 671 23 . . . 43297 672 1 Some some DT 43297 672 2 of of IN 43297 672 3 the the DT 43297 672 4 most most RBS 43297 672 5 valuable valuable JJ 43297 672 6 clay clay NN 43297 672 7 deposits deposit NNS 43297 672 8 are be VBP 43297 672 9 of of IN 43297 672 10 lacustrine lacustrine JJ 43297 672 11 formation formation NN 43297 672 12 ; ; : 43297 672 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 672 14 comparative comparative JJ 43297 672 15 purity purity NN 43297 672 16 and and CC 43297 672 17 great great JJ 43297 672 18 uniformity uniformity NN 43297 672 19 enabling enable VBG 43297 672 20 ware ware NN 43297 672 21 of of IN 43297 672 22 excellent excellent JJ 43297 672 23 colour colour NN 43297 672 24 and and CC 43297 672 25 texture texture NN 43297 672 26 to to TO 43297 672 27 be be VB 43297 672 28 produced produce VBN 43297 672 29 without without IN 43297 672 30 much much JJ 43297 672 31 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 672 32 . . . 43297 673 1 Thus thus RB 43297 673 2 the the DT 43297 673 3 Reading reading NN 43297 673 4 mottled mottle VBD 43297 673 5 clays clay NNS 43297 673 6 of of IN 43297 673 7 the the DT 43297 673 8 Hampshire Hampshire NNP 43297 673 9 basin basin NN 43297 673 10 , , , 43297 673 11 on on IN 43297 673 12 the the DT 43297 673 13 outskirts outskirt NNS 43297 673 14 of of IN 43297 673 15 the the DT 43297 673 16 London London NNP 43297 673 17 basin basin NN 43297 673 18 and and CC 43297 673 19 in in IN 43297 673 20 Northern Northern NNP 43297 673 21 France France NNP 43297 673 22 are be VBP 43297 673 23 well well RB 43297 673 24 known know VBN 43297 673 25 for for IN 43297 673 26 the the DT 43297 673 27 admirable admirable JJ 43297 673 28 red red JJ 43297 673 29 bricks brick NNS 43297 673 30 , , , 43297 673 31 tiles tile NNS 43297 673 32 and and CC 43297 673 33 terra terra NNP 43297 673 34 - - HYPH 43297 673 35 cotta cotta NNP 43297 673 36 produced produce VBN 43297 673 37 from from IN 43297 673 38 them -PRON- PRP 43297 673 39 . . . 43297 674 1 Still still RB 43297 674 2 purer purer NN 43297 674 3 clays clay NNS 43297 674 4 deposited deposit VBN 43297 674 5 at at IN 43297 674 6 Bovey Bovey NNP 43297 674 7 Heathfield Heathfield NNP 43297 674 8 in in IN 43297 674 9 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 674 10 are be VBP 43297 674 11 also also RB 43297 674 12 of of IN 43297 674 13 lacustrine lacustrine JJ 43297 674 14 origin origin NN 43297 674 15 , , , 43297 674 16 though though IN 43297 674 17 they -PRON- PRP 43297 674 18 differ differ VBP 43297 674 19 in in IN 43297 674 20 many many JJ 43297 674 21 respects respect NNS 43297 674 22 from from IN 43297 674 23 the the DT 43297 674 24 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 674 25 lake lake NN 43297 674 26 - - HYPH 43297 674 27 deposited deposit VBN 43297 674 28 clays clay NNS 43297 674 29 and and CC 43297 674 30 are be VBP 43297 674 31 of of IN 43297 674 32 unusual unusual JJ 43297 674 33 thickness thickness NN 43297 674 34 for for IN 43297 674 35 deposits deposit NNS 43297 674 36 formed form VBN 43297 674 37 in in IN 43297 674 38 this this DT 43297 674 39 manner manner NN 43297 674 40 . . . 43297 675 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 675 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 675 3 : : : 43297 675 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 675 5 . . . 43297 676 1 15 15 CD 43297 676 2 . . . 43297 677 1 Lacustrine lacustrine JJ 43297 677 2 clay clay NN 43297 677 3 at at IN 43297 677 4 Skipsea Skipsea NNP 43297 677 5 . . . 43297 678 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 678 2 _ _ NNP 43297 678 3 By by IN 43297 678 4 courtesy courtesy NN 43297 678 5 of of IN 43297 678 6 T. T. NNP 43297 678 7 Sheppard Sheppard NNP 43297 678 8 Esq Esq NNP 43297 678 9 . . . 43297 678 10 _ _ NNP 43297 678 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 678 12 ] ] -RRB- 43297 678 13 The the DT 43297 678 14 greater great JJR 43297 678 15 purity purity NN 43297 678 16 of of IN 43297 678 17 lacustrine lacustrine NNP 43297 678 18 clays clay NNS 43297 678 19 , , , 43297 678 20 as as IN 43297 678 21 compared compare VBN 43297 678 22 with with IN 43297 678 23 fluviatile fluviatile JJ 43297 678 24 ones one NNS 43297 678 25 , , , 43297 678 26 is be VBZ 43297 678 27 attributed attribute VBN 43297 678 28 to to IN 43297 678 29 the the DT 43297 678 30 much much RB 43297 678 31 larger large JJR 43297 678 32 area area NN 43297 678 33 over over IN 43297 678 34 which which WDT 43297 678 35 the the DT 43297 678 36 deposit deposit NN 43297 678 37 is be VBZ 43297 678 38 spread,--enabling spread,--enable VBG 43297 678 39 variations variation NNS 43297 678 40 in in IN 43297 678 41 the the DT 43297 678 42 deposits deposit NNS 43297 678 43 to to TO 43297 678 44 be be VB 43297 678 45 much much RB 43297 678 46 less less RBR 43297 678 47 noticeable noticeable JJ 43297 678 48 than than IN 43297 678 49 when when WRB 43297 678 50 a a DT 43297 678 51 smaller small JJR 43297 678 52 area area NN 43297 678 53 is be VBZ 43297 678 54 covered cover VBN 43297 678 55 -- -- : 43297 678 56 and and CC 43297 678 57 to to IN 43297 678 58 the the DT 43297 678 59 very very RB 43297 678 60 small small JJ 43297 678 61 velocity velocity NN 43297 678 62 of of IN 43297 678 63 the the DT 43297 678 64 water water NN 43297 678 65 in in IN 43297 678 66 lakes lakes NNP 43297 678 67 , , , 43297 678 68 whereby whereby WRB 43297 678 69 all all PDT 43297 678 70 the the DT 43297 678 71 coarser coarser NN 43297 678 72 particles particle NNS 43297 678 73 are be VBP 43297 678 74 deposited deposit VBN 43297 678 75 a a DT 43297 678 76 considerable considerable JJ 43297 678 77 distance distance NN 43297 678 78 away away RB 43297 678 79 from from IN 43297 678 80 the the DT 43297 678 81 clays clay NNS 43297 678 82 and and CC 43297 678 83 silts silt NNS 43297 678 84 . . . 43297 679 1 Ries rie NNS 43297 679 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 679 3 6 6 CD 43297 679 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 679 5 has have VBZ 43297 679 6 pointed point VBN 43297 679 7 out out RP 43297 679 8 that that IN 43297 679 9 many many JJ 43297 679 10 ( ( -LRB- 43297 679 11 American American NNP 43297 679 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 679 13 lake lake NN 43297 679 14 - - HYPH 43297 679 15 clays clay NNS 43297 679 16 are be VBP 43297 679 17 of of IN 43297 679 18 glacial glacial JJ 43297 679 19 origin origin NN 43297 679 20 , , , 43297 679 21 having have VBG 43297 679 22 been be VBN 43297 679 23 laid lay VBN 43297 679 24 in in IN 43297 679 25 basins basin NNS 43297 679 26 or or CC 43297 679 27 hollows hollow NNS 43297 679 28 along along IN 43297 679 29 the the DT 43297 679 30 margin margin NN 43297 679 31 of of IN 43297 679 32 the the DT 43297 679 33 ice ice NN 43297 679 34 - - HYPH 43297 679 35 sheet sheet NN 43297 679 36 or or CC 43297 679 37 in in IN 43297 679 38 valleys valley NNS 43297 679 39 which which WDT 43297 679 40 have have VBP 43297 679 41 been be VBN 43297 679 42 dammed dam VBN 43297 679 43 by by IN 43297 679 44 an an DT 43297 679 45 accumulation accumulation NN 43297 679 46 of of IN 43297 679 47 drift drift NN 43297 679 48 across across IN 43297 679 49 them -PRON- PRP 43297 679 50 . . . 43297 680 1 Such such JJ 43297 680 2 clay clay NN 43297 680 3 beds bed NNS 43297 680 4 are be VBP 43297 680 5 usually usually RB 43297 680 6 surface surface NN 43297 680 7 deposits deposit NNS 43297 680 8 of of IN 43297 680 9 variable variable JJ 43297 680 10 thickness thickness NN 43297 680 11 and and CC 43297 680 12 frequently frequently RB 43297 680 13 impure impure VBP 43297 680 14 . . . 43297 681 1 Like like IN 43297 681 2 all all DT 43297 681 3 lacustrine lacustrine NN 43297 681 4 deposits deposit NNS 43297 681 5 they -PRON- PRP 43297 681 6 show show VBP 43297 681 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 681 8 though though IN 43297 681 9 in in IN 43297 681 10 a a DT 43297 681 11 more more RBR 43297 681 12 marked marked JJ 43297 681 13 degree degree NN 43297 681 14 than than IN 43297 681 15 in in IN 43297 681 16 the the DT 43297 681 17 older old JJR 43297 681 18 and and CC 43297 681 19 larger large JJR 43297 681 20 lakes lake NNS 43297 681 21 ) ) -RRB- 43297 681 22 alternate alternate JJ 43297 681 23 layers layer NNS 43297 681 24 of of IN 43297 681 25 sand sand NN 43297 681 26 and and CC 43297 681 27 clay clay NN 43297 681 28 , , , 43297 681 29 though though IN 43297 681 30 the the DT 43297 681 31 former former JJ 43297 681 32 are be VBP 43297 681 33 usually usually RB 43297 681 34 too too RB 43297 681 35 thin thin JJ 43297 681 36 to to TO 43297 681 37 be be VB 43297 681 38 noticeable noticeable JJ 43297 681 39 except except IN 43297 681 40 for for IN 43297 681 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 681 42 action action NN 43297 681 43 in in IN 43297 681 44 enabling enable VBG 43297 681 45 the the DT 43297 681 46 deposited deposit VBN 43297 681 47 material material NN 43297 681 48 to to TO 43297 681 49 be be VB 43297 681 50 easily easily RB 43297 681 51 split split VBN 43297 681 52 along along IN 43297 681 53 the the DT 43297 681 54 lines line NNS 43297 681 55 of of IN 43297 681 56 bedding bed VBG 43297 681 57 . . . 43297 682 1 _ _ NNP 43297 682 2 Estuarine Estuarine NNP 43297 682 3 deposits deposit NNS 43297 682 4 _ _ NNP 43297 682 5 partake partake NN 43297 682 6 of of IN 43297 682 7 the the DT 43297 682 8 nature nature NN 43297 682 9 of of IN 43297 682 10 both both DT 43297 682 11 fluviatile fluviatile JJ 43297 682 12 and and CC 43297 682 13 marine marine JJ 43297 682 14 beds bed NNS 43297 682 15 , , , 43297 682 16 according accord VBG 43297 682 17 to to IN 43297 682 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 682 19 position position NN 43297 682 20 relative relative JJ 43297 682 21 to to IN 43297 682 22 the the DT 43297 682 23 river river NN 43297 682 24 from from IN 43297 682 25 which which WDT 43297 682 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 682 27 originate originate VBP 43297 682 28 . . . 43297 683 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 683 2 are be VBP 43297 683 3 usually usually RB 43297 683 4 uncertain uncertain JJ 43297 683 5 in in IN 43297 683 6 character character NN 43297 683 7 and and CC 43297 683 8 are be VBP 43297 683 9 often often RB 43297 683 10 irregular irregular JJ 43297 683 11 in in IN 43297 683 12 composition composition NN 43297 683 13 owing owe VBG 43297 683 14 to to IN 43297 683 15 the the DT 43297 683 16 variations variation NNS 43297 683 17 in in IN 43297 683 18 the the DT 43297 683 19 flow flow NN 43297 683 20 of of IN 43297 683 21 the the DT 43297 683 22 water water NN 43297 683 23 . . . 43297 684 1 The the DT 43297 684 2 Estuarine Estuarine NNP 43297 684 3 clays clay NNS 43297 684 4 of of IN 43297 684 5 Great Great NNP 43297 684 6 Britain Britain NNP 43297 684 7 -- -- : 43297 684 8 with with IN 43297 684 9 the the DT 43297 684 10 possible possible JJ 43297 684 11 exception exception NN 43297 684 12 of of IN 43297 684 13 the the DT 43297 684 14 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 43297 684 15 deposits deposit NNS 43297 684 16 in in IN 43297 684 17 Northamptonshire Northamptonshire NNP 43297 684 18 and and CC 43297 684 19 Lincolnshire Lincolnshire NNP 43297 684 20 -- -- : 43297 684 21 are be VBP 43297 684 22 of of IN 43297 684 23 minor minor JJ 43297 684 24 importance importance NN 43297 684 25 , , , 43297 684 26 but but CC 43297 684 27 in in IN 43297 684 28 some some DT 43297 684 29 countries country NNS 43297 684 30 they -PRON- PRP 43297 684 31 form form VBP 43297 684 32 a a DT 43297 684 33 valuable valuable JJ 43297 684 34 source source NN 43297 684 35 of of IN 43297 684 36 clay clay NN 43297 684 37 . . . 43297 685 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 685 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 685 3 : : : 43297 685 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 685 5 . . . 43297 686 1 16 16 CD 43297 686 2 . . . 43297 687 1 Clay clay NN 43297 687 2 at at IN 43297 687 3 Nostel Nostel NNP 43297 687 4 , , , 43297 687 5 showing show VBG 43297 687 6 Marine Marine NNP 43297 687 7 Band Band NNP 43297 687 8 . . . 43297 688 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 688 2 _ _ NNP 43297 688 3 By by IN 43297 688 4 courtesy courtesy NN 43297 688 5 of of IN 43297 688 6 T. T. NNP 43297 688 7 Sheppard Sheppard NNP 43297 688 8 Esq Esq NNP 43297 688 9 . . . 43297 688 10 _ _ NNP 43297 688 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 688 12 ] ] -RRB- 43297 688 13 _ _ NNP 43297 688 14 Marine Marine NNP 43297 688 15 clays clay NNS 43297 688 16 _ _ NNP 43297 688 17 are be VBP 43297 688 18 , , , 43297 688 19 as as IN 43297 688 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 688 21 name name NN 43297 688 22 implies imply VBZ 43297 688 23 , , , 43297 688 24 those those DT 43297 688 25 deposited deposit VBN 43297 688 26 from from IN 43297 688 27 sea sea NN 43297 688 28 water water NN 43297 688 29 . . . 43297 689 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 689 2 are be VBP 43297 689 3 frequently frequently RB 43297 689 4 found find VBN 43297 689 5 at at IN 43297 689 6 a a DT 43297 689 7 considerable considerable JJ 43297 689 8 distance distance NN 43297 689 9 from from IN 43297 689 10 the the DT 43297 689 11 shores shore NNS 43297 689 12 of of IN 43297 689 13 the the DT 43297 689 14 ocean ocean NN 43297 689 15 in in IN 43297 689 16 which which WDT 43297 689 17 they -PRON- PRP 43297 689 18 were be VBD 43297 689 19 laid lay VBN 43297 689 20 down down RP 43297 689 21 , , , 43297 689 22 and and CC 43297 689 23 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 689 24 risings rising NNS 43297 689 25 and and CC 43297 689 26 fallings falling NNS 43297 689 27 of of IN 43297 689 28 the the DT 43297 689 29 surface surface NN 43297 689 30 of of IN 43297 689 31 the the DT 43297 689 32 earth earth NN 43297 689 33 have have VBP 43297 689 34 so so RB 43297 689 35 altered alter VBN 43297 689 36 the the DT 43297 689 37 areas area NNS 43297 689 38 occupied occupy VBN 43297 689 39 by by IN 43297 689 40 sea sea NN 43297 689 41 water water NN 43297 689 42 , , , 43297 689 43 that that IN 43297 689 44 a a DT 43297 689 45 large large JJ 43297 689 46 number number NN 43297 689 47 of of IN 43297 689 48 marine marine JJ 43297 689 49 deposits deposit NNS 43297 689 50 now now RB 43297 689 51 form form VBP 43297 689 52 dry dry JJ 43297 689 53 land land NN 43297 689 54 . . . 43297 690 1 Though though IN 43297 690 2 usually usually RB 43297 690 3 of of IN 43297 690 4 enormous enormous JJ 43297 690 5 size size NN 43297 690 6 and and CC 43297 690 7 of of IN 43297 690 8 generally generally RB 43297 690 9 persistent persistent JJ 43297 690 10 character character NN 43297 690 11 , , , 43297 690 12 marine marine JJ 43297 690 13 clay clay NN 43297 690 14 deposits deposit NNS 43297 690 15 vary vary VBP 43297 690 16 considerably considerably RB 43297 690 17 in in IN 43297 690 18 the the DT 43297 690 19 composition composition NN 43297 690 20 of of IN 43297 690 21 the the DT 43297 690 22 material material NN 43297 690 23 at at IN 43297 690 24 different different JJ 43297 690 25 depths depth NNS 43297 690 26 , , , 43297 690 27 as as RB 43297 690 28 well well RB 43297 690 29 as as IN 43297 690 30 in in IN 43297 690 31 different different JJ 43297 690 32 areas area NNS 43297 690 33 . . . 43297 691 1 This this DT 43297 691 2 is be VBZ 43297 691 3 only only RB 43297 691 4 to to TO 43297 691 5 be be VB 43297 691 6 expected expect VBN 43297 691 7 from from IN 43297 691 8 the the DT 43297 691 9 manner manner NN 43297 691 10 of of IN 43297 691 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 691 12 deposition deposition NN 43297 691 13 , , , 43297 691 14 from from IN 43297 691 15 the the DT 43297 691 16 varied varied JJ 43297 691 17 sources source NNS 43297 691 18 of of IN 43297 691 19 the the DT 43297 691 20 material material NN 43297 691 21 and and CC 43297 691 22 from from IN 43297 691 23 the the DT 43297 691 24 numerous numerous JJ 43297 691 25 river- river- NN 43297 691 26 and and CC 43297 691 27 ocean ocean NN 43297 691 28 - - HYPH 43297 691 29 currents current NNS 43297 691 30 taking take VBG 43297 691 31 part part NN 43297 691 32 in in IN 43297 691 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 691 34 formation formation NN 43297 691 35 . . . 43297 692 1 For for IN 43297 692 2 this this DT 43297 692 3 reason reason NN 43297 692 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 692 5 is be VBZ 43297 692 6 generally generally RB 43297 692 7 necessary necessary JJ 43297 692 8 to to TO 43297 692 9 mix mix VB 43297 692 10 together together RB 43297 692 11 portions portion NNS 43297 692 12 of of IN 43297 692 13 the the DT 43297 692 14 deposit deposit NN 43297 692 15 drawn draw VBN 43297 692 16 from from IN 43297 692 17 various various JJ 43297 692 18 depths depth NNS 43297 692 19 in in IN 43297 692 20 order order NN 43297 692 21 to to TO 43297 692 22 secure secure VB 43297 692 23 a a DT 43297 692 24 greater great JJR 43297 692 25 uniformity uniformity NN 43297 692 26 than than IN 43297 692 27 would would MD 43297 692 28 be be VB 43297 692 29 obtained obtain VBN 43297 692 30 if if IN 43297 692 31 a a DT 43297 692 32 larger large JJR 43297 692 33 area area NN 43297 692 34 were be VBD 43297 692 35 to to TO 43297 692 36 be be VB 43297 692 37 worked work VBN 43297 692 38 to to IN 43297 692 39 a a DT 43297 692 40 smaller small JJR 43297 692 41 depth depth NN 43297 692 42 . . . 43297 693 1 The the DT 43297 693 2 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 693 3 clay clay NN 43297 693 4 which which WDT 43297 693 5 extends extend VBZ 43297 693 6 from from IN 43297 693 7 the the DT 43297 693 8 centre centre NN 43297 693 9 of of IN 43297 693 10 England England NNP 43297 693 11 to to IN 43297 693 12 the the DT 43297 693 13 centre centre NN 43297 693 14 of of IN 43297 693 15 France France NNP 43297 693 16 is be VBZ 43297 693 17 a a DT 43297 693 18 typical typical JJ 43297 693 19 marine marine JJ 43297 693 20 clay clay NN 43297 693 21 . . . 43297 694 1 At at IN 43297 694 2 the the DT 43297 694 3 bottom bottom NN 43297 694 4 of of IN 43297 694 5 all all DT 43297 694 6 oceans ocean NNS 43297 694 7 at at IN 43297 694 8 the the DT 43297 694 9 present present JJ 43297 694 10 day day NN 43297 694 11 is be VBZ 43297 694 12 a a DT 43297 694 13 deposit deposit NN 43297 694 14 , , , 43297 694 15 of of IN 43297 694 16 unknown unknown JJ 43297 694 17 thickness thickness NN 43297 694 18 , , , 43297 694 19 of of IN 43297 694 20 red red JJ 43297 694 21 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 694 22 clay clay NN 43297 694 23 or or CC 43297 694 24 _ _ NNP 43297 694 25 ooze ooze NN 43297 694 26 _ _ NNP 43297 694 27 which which WDT 43297 694 28 is be VBZ 43297 694 29 steadily steadily RB 43297 694 30 increasing increase VBG 43297 694 31 in in IN 43297 694 32 amount amount NN 43297 694 33 and and CC 43297 694 34 is be VBZ 43297 694 35 thereby thereby RB 43297 694 36 forming form VBG 43297 694 37 a a DT 43297 694 38 fresh fresh JJ 43297 694 39 marine marine JJ 43297 694 40 deposit deposit NN 43297 694 41 , , , 43297 694 42 though though IN 43297 694 43 at at IN 43297 694 44 present present JJ 43297 694 45 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 694 46 inaccessibility inaccessibility NN 43297 694 47 deprives deprive VBZ 43297 694 48 it -PRON- PRP 43297 694 49 of of IN 43297 694 50 all all DT 43297 694 51 economic economic JJ 43297 694 52 value value NN 43297 694 53 . . . 43297 695 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 695 2 is be VBZ 43297 695 3 important important JJ 43297 695 4 not not RB 43297 695 5 to to TO 43297 695 6 overlook overlook VB 43297 695 7 the the DT 43297 695 8 enormous enormous JJ 43297 695 9 part part NN 43297 695 10 played play VBN 43297 695 11 by by IN 43297 695 12 variations variation NNS 43297 695 13 in in IN 43297 695 14 the the DT 43297 695 15 level level NN 43297 695 16 of of IN 43297 695 17 the the DT 43297 695 18 land land NN 43297 695 19 relative relative JJ 43297 695 20 to to IN 43297 695 21 that that DT 43297 695 22 of of IN 43297 695 23 the the DT 43297 695 24 ocean ocean NN 43297 695 25 in in IN 43297 695 26 past past JJ 43297 695 27 ages age NNS 43297 695 28 . . . 43297 696 1 For for IN 43297 696 2 instance instance NN 43297 696 3 , , , 43297 696 4 there there EX 43297 696 5 is be VBZ 43297 696 6 abundant abundant JJ 43297 696 7 evidence evidence NN 43297 696 8 to to TO 43297 696 9 show show VB 43297 696 10 that that IN 43297 696 11 practically practically RB 43297 696 12 the the DT 43297 696 13 whole whole NN 43297 696 14 of of IN 43297 696 15 Great Great NNP 43297 696 16 Britain Britain NNP 43297 696 17 has have VBZ 43297 696 18 been be VBN 43297 696 19 repeatedly repeatedly RB 43297 696 20 submerged submerge VBN 43297 696 21 to to IN 43297 696 22 great great JJ 43297 696 23 depths depth NNS 43297 696 24 and and CC 43297 696 25 has have VBZ 43297 696 26 been be VBN 43297 696 27 raised raise VBN 43297 696 28 to to IN 43297 696 29 heights height NNS 43297 696 30 far far RB 43297 696 31 greater great JJR 43297 696 32 than than IN 43297 696 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 696 34 present present JJ 43297 696 35 average average NN 43297 696 36 . . . 43297 697 1 These these DT 43297 697 2 oft oft RB 43297 697 3 - - HYPH 43297 697 4 repeated repeat VBN 43297 697 5 risings rising NNS 43297 697 6 and and CC 43297 697 7 settlings settling NNS 43297 697 8 have have VBP 43297 697 9 caused cause VBN 43297 697 10 great great JJ 43297 697 11 changes change NNS 43297 697 12 in in IN 43297 697 13 the the DT 43297 697 14 nature nature NN 43297 697 15 of of IN 43297 697 16 the the DT 43297 697 17 deposited deposit VBN 43297 697 18 materials material NNS 43297 697 19 so so IN 43297 697 20 that that IN 43297 697 21 in in IN 43297 697 22 the the DT 43297 697 23 Coal Coal NNP 43297 697 24 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 697 25 , , , 43297 697 26 for for IN 43297 697 27 example example NN 43297 697 28 , , , 43297 697 29 there there EX 43297 697 30 are be VBP 43297 697 31 deposits deposit NNS 43297 697 32 of of IN 43297 697 33 obviously obviously RB 43297 697 34 fresh fresh JJ 43297 697 35 - - HYPH 43297 697 36 water water NN 43297 697 37 origin origin NN 43297 697 38 sandwiched sandwich VBN 43297 697 39 in in RB 43297 697 40 between between IN 43297 697 41 others other NNS 43297 697 42 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 43297 697 43 marine marine JJ 43297 697 44 . . . 43297 698 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 698 2 can can MD 43297 698 3 readily readily RB 43297 698 4 be be VB 43297 698 5 understood understand VBN 43297 698 6 , , , 43297 698 7 as as IN 43297 698 8 stated state VBN 43297 698 9 by by IN 43297 698 10 Arber Arber NNP 43297 698 11 ( ( -LRB- 43297 698 12 24 24 CD 43297 698 13 ) ) -RRB- 43297 698 14 , , , 43297 698 15 that that IN 43297 698 16 if if IN 43297 698 17 , , , 43297 698 18 at at IN 43297 698 19 a a DT 43297 698 20 given give VBN 43297 698 21 period period NN 43297 698 22 , , , 43297 698 23 the the DT 43297 698 24 dry dry JJ 43297 698 25 land land NN 43297 698 26 during during IN 43297 698 27 the the DT 43297 698 28 formation formation NN 43297 698 29 of of IN 43297 698 30 the the DT 43297 698 31 Coal Coal NNP 43297 698 32 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 698 33 gradually gradually RB 43297 698 34 subsided subside VBD 43297 698 35 , , , 43297 698 36 it -PRON- PRP 43297 698 37 would would MD 43297 698 38 first first RB 43297 698 39 be be VB 43297 698 40 covered cover VBN 43297 698 41 with with IN 43297 698 42 clear clear JJ 43297 698 43 water water NN 43297 698 44 , , , 43297 698 45 whilst whilst IN 43297 698 46 from from IN 43297 698 47 those those DT 43297 698 48 portions portion NNS 43297 698 49 of of IN 43297 698 50 the the DT 43297 698 51 area area NN 43297 698 52 which which WDT 43297 698 53 occupied occupy VBD 43297 698 54 the the DT 43297 698 55 higher high JJR 43297 698 56 ground ground NN 43297 698 57 the the DT 43297 698 58 rivers river NNS 43297 698 59 and and CC 43297 698 60 streams stream NNS 43297 698 61 continued continue VBD 43297 698 62 to to TO 43297 698 63 pour pour VB 43297 698 64 into into IN 43297 698 65 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 698 66 estuary estuary JJ 43297 698 67 a a DT 43297 698 68 large large JJ 43297 698 69 amount amount NN 43297 698 70 of of IN 43297 698 71 fresh fresh JJ 43297 698 72 - - HYPH 43297 698 73 water water NN 43297 698 74 material material NN 43297 698 75 . . . 43297 699 1 Later later RB 43297 699 2 , , , 43297 699 3 a a DT 43297 699 4 stage stage NN 43297 699 5 would would MD 43297 699 6 be be VB 43297 699 7 reached reach VBN 43297 699 8 when when WRB 43297 699 9 mud mud NN 43297 699 10 of of IN 43297 699 11 marine marine JJ 43297 699 12 origin origin NN 43297 699 13 invaded invade VBD 43297 699 14 the the DT 43297 699 15 area area NN 43297 699 16 and and CC 43297 699 17 covered cover VBD 43297 699 18 the the DT 43297 699 19 previous previous JJ 43297 699 20 deposits deposit NNS 43297 699 21 . . . 43297 700 1 When when WRB 43297 700 2 , , , 43297 700 3 after after IN 43297 700 4 an an DT 43297 700 5 indefinitely indefinitely RB 43297 700 6 long long JJ 43297 700 7 period period NN 43297 700 8 , , , 43297 700 9 the the DT 43297 700 10 ground ground NN 43297 700 11 again again RB 43297 700 12 rose rise VBD 43297 700 13 , , , 43297 700 14 fresh fresh JJ 43297 700 15 - - HYPH 43297 700 16 water water NN 43297 700 17 deposits deposit NNS 43297 700 18 might may MD 43297 700 19 again again RB 43297 700 20 form form VB 43297 700 21 , , , 43297 700 22 and and CC 43297 700 23 this this DT 43297 700 24 alternation alternation NN 43297 700 25 of of IN 43297 700 26 marine marine NN 43297 700 27 and and CC 43297 700 28 fluviatile fluviatile NN 43297 700 29 deposits deposit NNS 43297 700 30 appears appear VBZ 43297 700 31 to to TO 43297 700 32 have have VB 43297 700 33 been be VBN 43297 700 34 repeated repeat VBN 43297 700 35 with with IN 43297 700 36 great great JJ 43297 700 37 frequency frequency NN 43297 700 38 during during IN 43297 700 39 the the DT 43297 700 40 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 43297 700 41 period period NN 43297 700 42 . . . 43297 701 1 In in IN 43297 701 2 the the DT 43297 701 3 Lower Lower NNP 43297 701 4 Coal Coal NNP 43297 701 5 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 701 6 of of IN 43297 701 7 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 43297 701 8 and and CC 43297 701 9 Lancashire Lancashire NNP 43297 701 10 , , , 43297 701 11 Stopes Stopes NNP 43297 701 12 and and CC 43297 701 13 Watson Watson NNP 43297 701 14 ( ( -LRB- 43297 701 15 23 23 CD 43297 701 16 ) ) -RRB- 43297 701 17 have have VBP 43297 701 18 shown show VBN 43297 701 19 that that IN 43297 701 20 the the DT 43297 701 21 shales shale NNS 43297 701 22 forming form VBG 43297 701 23 the the DT 43297 701 24 roof roof NN 43297 701 25 of of IN 43297 701 26 the the DT 43297 701 27 Upper Upper NNP 43297 701 28 Foot Foot NNP 43297 701 29 Coal Coal NNP 43297 701 30 were be VBD 43297 701 31 derived derive VBN 43297 701 32 from from IN 43297 701 33 drifted drifted JJ 43297 701 34 sediments sediment NNS 43297 701 35 of of IN 43297 701 36 marine marine JJ 43297 701 37 origin origin NN 43297 701 38 . . . 43297 702 1 Precipitated precipitate VBN 43297 702 2 Clays Clays NNP 43297 702 3 . . . 43297 703 1 If if IN 43297 703 2 the the DT 43297 703 3 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 703 4 of of IN 43297 703 5 some some DT 43297 703 6 clays clay NNS 43297 703 7 is be VBZ 43297 703 8 really really RB 43297 703 9 due due JJ 43297 703 10 to to IN 43297 703 11 the the DT 43297 703 12 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 703 13 nature nature NN 43297 703 14 of of IN 43297 703 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 703 16 particles particle NNS 43297 703 17 , , , 43297 703 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 703 19 is be VBZ 43297 703 20 obvious obvious JJ 43297 703 21 that that IN 43297 703 22 they -PRON- PRP 43297 703 23 must must MD 43297 703 24 have have VB 43297 703 25 been be VBN 43297 703 26 formed form VBN 43297 703 27 by by IN 43297 703 28 a a DT 43297 703 29 process process NN 43297 703 30 of of IN 43297 703 31 coagulation coagulation NN 43297 703 32 or or CC 43297 703 33 precipitation precipitation NN 43297 703 34 at at IN 43297 703 35 a a DT 43297 703 36 distance distance NN 43297 703 37 from from IN 43297 703 38 the the DT 43297 703 39 site site NN 43297 703 40 of of IN 43297 703 41 the the DT 43297 703 42 minerals mineral NNS 43297 703 43 from from IN 43297 703 44 which which WDT 43297 703 45 they -PRON- PRP 43297 703 46 have have VBP 43297 703 47 been be VBN 43297 703 48 derived derive VBN 43297 703 49 . . . 43297 704 1 According accord VBG 43297 704 2 to to IN 43297 704 3 the the DT 43297 704 4 ' ' `` 43297 704 5 colloid colloid NN 43297 704 6 theory theory NN 43297 704 7 , , , 43297 704 8 ' ' '' 43297 704 9 felspar felspar NNS 43297 704 10 and and CC 43297 704 11 other other JJ 43297 704 12 alumino alumino NNP 43297 704 13 - - HYPH 43297 704 14 silicates silicate NNS 43297 704 15 are be VBP 43297 704 16 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 704 17 by by IN 43297 704 18 ' ' `` 43297 704 19 weathering weathering NN 43297 704 20 , , , 43297 704 21 ' ' '' 43297 704 22 the the DT 43297 704 23 chief chief JJ 43297 704 24 effect effect NN 43297 704 25 of of IN 43297 704 26 which which WDT 43297 704 27 is be VBZ 43297 704 28 the the DT 43297 704 29 formation formation NN 43297 704 30 ( ( -LRB- 43297 704 31 by by IN 43297 704 32 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN 43297 704 33 ) ) -RRB- 43297 704 34 of of IN 43297 704 35 a a DT 43297 704 36 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 704 37 solution solution NN 43297 704 38 of of IN 43297 704 39 ' ' `` 43297 704 40 clay clay NN 43297 704 41 . . . 43297 704 42 ' ' '' 43297 705 1 This this DT 43297 705 2 apparently apparently RB 43297 705 3 clear clear JJ 43297 705 4 solution solution NN 43297 705 5 flows flow VBZ 43297 705 6 along along IN 43297 705 7 in in IN 43297 705 8 the the DT 43297 705 9 form form NN 43297 705 10 of of IN 43297 705 11 a a DT 43297 705 12 small small JJ 43297 705 13 streamlet streamlet NN 43297 705 14 , , , 43297 705 15 joins join VBZ 43297 705 16 other other JJ 43297 705 17 streamlets streamlet NNS 43297 705 18 and and CC 43297 705 19 continues continue VBZ 43297 705 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 705 21 journey journey NN 43297 705 22 . . . 43297 706 1 So so RB 43297 706 2 long long RB 43297 706 3 as as IN 43297 706 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 706 5 is be VBZ 43297 706 6 quite quite RB 43297 706 7 neutral neutral JJ 43297 706 8 or or CC 43297 706 9 contains contain VBZ 43297 706 10 free free JJ 43297 706 11 alkali alkali JJ 43297 706 12 the the DT 43297 706 13 solution solution NN 43297 706 14 will will MD 43297 706 15 remain remain VB 43297 706 16 practically practically RB 43297 706 17 clear clear JJ 43297 706 18 , , , 43297 706 19 but but CC 43297 706 20 as as RB 43297 706 21 soon soon RB 43297 706 22 as as IN 43297 706 23 acids acid NNS 43297 706 24 enter enter VBP 43297 706 25 the the DT 43297 706 26 stream stream NN 43297 706 27 , , , 43297 706 28 or or CC 43297 706 29 are be VBP 43297 706 30 formed form VBN 43297 706 31 in in IN 43297 706 32 it -PRON- PRP 43297 706 33 by by IN 43297 706 34 the the DT 43297 706 35 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 706 36 of of IN 43297 706 37 organic organic JJ 43297 706 38 matter matter NN 43297 706 39 , , , 43297 706 40 a a DT 43297 706 41 coagulation coagulation NN 43297 706 42 of of IN 43297 706 43 the the DT 43297 706 44 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 706 45 matter matter NN 43297 706 46 will will MD 43297 706 47 commence commence VB 43297 706 48 and and CC 43297 706 49 the the DT 43297 706 50 amount amount NN 43297 706 51 of of IN 43297 706 52 ' ' `` 43297 706 53 clay clay NN 43297 706 54 ' ' '' 43297 706 55 thus thus RB 43297 706 56 thrown throw VBN 43297 706 57 out out IN 43297 706 58 of of IN 43297 706 59 solution solution NN 43297 706 60 will will MD 43297 706 61 depend depend VB 43297 706 62 on on IN 43297 706 63 the the DT 43297 706 64 amount amount NN 43297 706 65 of of IN 43297 706 66 such such JJ 43297 706 67 free free JJ 43297 706 68 acid acid NN 43297 706 69 . . . 43297 707 1 If if IN 43297 707 2 the the DT 43297 707 3 coagulation coagulation NN 43297 707 4 or or CC 43297 707 5 precipitation precipitation NN 43297 707 6 occurs occur VBZ 43297 707 7 in in IN 43297 707 8 still still RB 43297 707 9 water water NN 43297 707 10 , , , 43297 707 11 the the DT 43297 707 12 ' ' `` 43297 707 13 clay clay NN 43297 707 14 ' ' '' 43297 707 15 will will MD 43297 707 16 be be VB 43297 707 17 deposited deposit VBN 43297 707 18 almost almost RB 43297 707 19 immediately immediately RB 43297 707 20 , , , 43297 707 21 otherwise otherwise RB 43297 707 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 707 23 will will MD 43297 707 24 be be VB 43297 707 25 carried carry VBN 43297 707 26 forward forward RB 43297 707 27 until until IN 43297 707 28 it -PRON- PRP 43297 707 29 reaches reach VBZ 43297 707 30 a a DT 43297 707 31 place place NN 43297 707 32 where where WRB 43297 707 33 it -PRON- PRP 43297 707 34 can can MD 43297 707 35 be be VB 43297 707 36 deposited deposit VBN 43297 707 37 in in IN 43297 707 38 the the DT 43297 707 39 manner manner NN 43297 707 40 already already RB 43297 707 41 described describe VBN 43297 707 42 . . . 43297 708 1 Such such JJ 43297 708 2 precipitated precipitate VBN 43297 708 3 clays clay NNS 43297 708 4 need need VBP 43297 708 5 not not RB 43297 708 6 necessarily necessarily RB 43297 708 7 be be VB 43297 708 8 pure pure JJ 43297 708 9 , , , 43297 708 10 as as IN 43297 708 11 other other JJ 43297 708 12 substances substance NNS 43297 708 13 may may MD 43297 708 14 be be VB 43297 708 15 present present JJ 43297 708 16 in in IN 43297 708 17 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 708 18 form form NN 43297 708 19 and and CC 43297 708 20 may may MD 43297 708 21 be be VB 43297 708 22 coagulated coagulate VBN 43297 708 23 at at IN 43297 708 24 the the DT 43297 708 25 same same JJ 43297 708 26 time time NN 43297 708 27 as as IN 43297 708 28 the the DT 43297 708 29 clay clay NN 43297 708 30 . . . 43297 709 1 In in IN 43297 709 2 addition addition NN 43297 709 3 to to IN 43297 709 4 these these DT 43297 709 5 , , , 43297 709 6 the the DT 43297 709 7 admixture admixture NN 43297 709 8 of of IN 43297 709 9 sand sand NN 43297 709 10 and and CC 43297 709 11 other other JJ 43297 709 12 minerals mineral NNS 43297 709 13 present present JJ 43297 709 14 in in IN 43297 709 15 suspension suspension NN 43297 709 16 in in IN 43297 709 17 the the DT 43297 709 18 solution solution NN 43297 709 19 may may MD 43297 709 20 become become VB 43297 709 21 mixed mixed JJ 43297 709 22 with with IN 43297 709 23 the the DT 43297 709 24 particles particle NNS 43297 709 25 during during IN 43297 709 26 coagulation coagulation NN 43297 709 27 and and CC 43297 709 28 be be VB 43297 709 29 deposited deposit VBN 43297 709 30 with with IN 43297 709 31 them -PRON- PRP 43297 709 32 . . . 43297 710 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 710 2 formed form VBN 43297 710 3 in in IN 43297 710 4 this this DT 43297 710 5 manner manner NN 43297 710 6 are be VBP 43297 710 7 extremely extremely RB 43297 710 8 difficult difficult JJ 43297 710 9 to to TO 43297 710 10 identify identify VB 43297 710 11 on on IN 43297 710 12 account account NN 43297 710 13 of of IN 43297 710 14 the the DT 43297 710 15 highly highly RB 43297 710 16 complex complex JJ 43297 710 17 nature nature NN 43297 710 18 of of IN 43297 710 19 the the DT 43297 710 20 reactions reaction NNS 43297 710 21 occurring occur VBG 43297 710 22 in in IN 43297 710 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 710 24 vicinity vicinity NN 43297 710 25 both both CC 43297 710 26 during during IN 43297 710 27 and and CC 43297 710 28 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 710 29 to to IN 43297 710 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 710 31 formation formation NN 43297 710 32 . . . 43297 711 1 Re Re VBN 43297 711 2 - - JJ 43297 711 3 Deposited deposit VBN 43297 711 4 Clays clay NNS 43297 711 5 . . . 43297 712 1 Although although IN 43297 712 2 many many JJ 43297 712 3 clays clay NNS 43297 712 4 and and CC 43297 712 5 other other JJ 43297 712 6 materials material NNS 43297 712 7 have have VBP 43297 712 8 been be VBN 43297 712 9 transported transport VBN 43297 712 10 and and CC 43297 712 11 accumulated accumulate VBN 43297 712 12 in in IN 43297 712 13 the the DT 43297 712 14 manner manner NN 43297 712 15 described describe VBN 43297 712 16 , , , 43297 712 17 the the DT 43297 712 18 majority majority NN 43297 712 19 of of IN 43297 712 20 those those DT 43297 712 21 now now RB 43297 712 22 available available JJ 43297 712 23 have have VBP 43297 712 24 been be VBN 43297 712 25 subjected subject VBN 43297 712 26 to to IN 43297 712 27 repeated repeat VBN 43297 712 28 transportation transportation NN 43297 712 29 and and CC 43297 712 30 deposition deposition NN 43297 712 31 , , , 43297 712 32 owing owe VBG 43297 712 33 to to IN 43297 712 34 the the DT 43297 712 35 frequent frequent JJ 43297 712 36 and and CC 43297 712 37 enormous enormous JJ 43297 712 38 changes change NNS 43297 712 39 in in IN 43297 712 40 the the DT 43297 712 41 relative relative JJ 43297 712 42 levels level NNS 43297 712 43 of of IN 43297 712 44 land land NN 43297 712 45 and and CC 43297 712 46 water water NN 43297 712 47 during during IN 43297 712 48 the the DT 43297 712 49 various various JJ 43297 712 50 geological geological JJ 43297 712 51 epochs epoch NNS 43297 712 52 . . . 43297 713 1 So so RB 43297 713 2 far far RB 43297 713 3 as as IN 43297 713 4 can can MD 43297 713 5 be be VB 43297 713 6 ascertained ascertain VBN 43297 713 7 , , , 43297 713 8 it -PRON- PRP 43297 713 9 is be VBZ 43297 713 10 during during IN 43297 713 11 these these DT 43297 713 12 changes change NNS 43297 713 13 of of IN 43297 713 14 position position NN 43297 713 15 and and CC 43297 713 16 the the DT 43297 713 17 recurrent recurrent JJ 43297 713 18 exposure exposure NN 43297 713 19 to to IN 43297 713 20 air air NN 43297 713 21 and and CC 43297 713 22 to to IN 43297 713 23 water water VB 43297 713 24 containing contain VBG 43297 713 25 various various JJ 43297 713 26 substances substance NNS 43297 713 27 in in IN 43297 713 28 solution solution NN 43297 713 29 , , , 43297 713 30 together together RB 43297 713 31 with with IN 43297 713 32 the the DT 43297 713 33 almost almost RB 43297 713 34 incessant incessant JJ 43297 713 35 grinding grinding NN 43297 713 36 which which WDT 43297 713 37 took take VBD 43297 713 38 place place NN 43297 713 39 during during IN 43297 713 40 the the DT 43297 713 41 transportation transportation NN 43297 713 42 and and CC 43297 713 43 deposition deposition NN 43297 713 44 , , , 43297 713 45 that that IN 43297 713 46 most most JJS 43297 713 47 secondary secondary JJ 43297 713 48 clays clay NNS 43297 713 49 became become VBD 43297 713 50 plastic plastic JJ 43297 713 51 . . . 43297 714 1 If if IN 43297 714 2 this this DT 43297 714 3 is be VBZ 43297 714 4 the the DT 43297 714 5 case case NN 43297 714 6 , , , 43297 714 7 it -PRON- PRP 43297 714 8 explains explain VBZ 43297 714 9 the the DT 43297 714 10 impossibility impossibility NN 43297 714 11 of of IN 43297 714 12 increasing increase VBG 43297 714 13 the the DT 43297 714 14 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 714 15 of of IN 43297 714 16 clay clay NN 43297 714 17 by by IN 43297 714 18 artificial artificial JJ 43297 714 19 means mean NNS 43297 714 20 , , , 43297 714 21 at at IN 43297 714 22 any any DT 43297 714 23 rate rate NN 43297 714 24 on on IN 43297 714 25 a a DT 43297 714 26 large large JJ 43297 714 27 scale scale NN 43297 714 28 . . . 43297 715 1 The the DT 43297 715 2 simplest simple JJS 43297 715 3 of of IN 43297 715 4 the the DT 43297 715 5 agents agent NNS 43297 715 6 of of IN 43297 715 7 re re NN 43297 715 8 - - NN 43297 715 9 deposition deposition NN 43297 715 10 are be VBP 43297 715 11 rain rain NN 43297 715 12 - - HYPH 43297 715 13 storms storm NNS 43297 715 14 and and CC 43297 715 15 floods flood NNS 43297 715 16 which which WDT 43297 715 17 , , , 43297 715 18 forming form VBG 43297 715 19 suddenly suddenly RB 43297 715 20 , , , 43297 715 21 may may MD 43297 715 22 cause cause VB 43297 715 23 the the DT 43297 715 24 water water NN 43297 715 25 of of IN 43297 715 26 a a DT 43297 715 27 stream stream NN 43297 715 28 or or CC 43297 715 29 river river NN 43297 715 30 to to TO 43297 715 31 flow flow VB 43297 715 32 with with IN 43297 715 33 unwonted unwonted JJ 43297 715 34 velocity velocity NN 43297 715 35 and and CC 43297 715 36 so so RB 43297 715 37 carry carry VB 43297 715 38 away away RP 43297 715 39 previously previously RB 43297 715 40 formed form VBN 43297 715 41 deposits deposit NNS 43297 715 42 of of IN 43297 715 43 various various JJ 43297 715 44 kinds kind NNS 43297 715 45 . . . 43297 716 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 716 2 transported transport VBN 43297 716 3 in in IN 43297 716 4 this this DT 43297 716 5 way way NN 43297 716 6 are be VBP 43297 716 7 termed term VBN 43297 716 8 by by IN 43297 716 9 Ries Ries NNP 43297 716 10 ( ( -LRB- 43297 716 11 6 6 CD 43297 716 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 716 13 _ _ NNP 43297 716 14 colluvial colluvial JJ 43297 716 15 _ _ NNP 43297 716 16 clays clay NNS 43297 716 17 , , , 43297 716 18 the the DT 43297 716 19 term term NN 43297 716 20 ' ' `` 43297 716 21 diluvial diluvial NN 43297 716 22 ' ' '' 43297 716 23 is be VBZ 43297 716 24 generally generally RB 43297 716 25 employed employ VBN 43297 716 26 in in IN 43297 716 27 this this DT 43297 716 28 country country NN 43297 716 29 . . . 43297 717 1 If if IN 43297 717 2 these these DT 43297 717 3 are be VBP 43297 717 4 derived derive VBN 43297 717 5 from from IN 43297 717 6 a a DT 43297 717 7 primary primary JJ 43297 717 8 clay clay NN 43297 717 9 which which WDT 43297 717 10 has have VBZ 43297 717 11 not not RB 43297 717 12 travelled travel VBN 43297 717 13 far far RB 43297 717 14 since since IN 43297 717 15 it -PRON- PRP 43297 717 16 left leave VBD 43297 717 17 the the DT 43297 717 18 original original JJ 43297 717 19 granite granite NN 43297 717 20 from from IN 43297 717 21 which which WDT 43297 717 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 717 23 was be VBD 43297 717 24 formed form VBN 43297 717 25 , , , 43297 717 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 717 27 will will MD 43297 717 28 usually usually RB 43297 717 29 be be VB 43297 717 30 white white JJ 43297 717 31 - - HYPH 43297 717 32 burning burning NN 43297 717 33 and and CC 43297 717 34 of of IN 43297 717 35 only only JJ 43297 717 36 slight slight JJ 43297 717 37 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 717 38 , , , 43297 717 39 but but CC 43297 717 40 if if IN 43297 717 41 the the DT 43297 717 42 flood flood NN 43297 717 43 affects affect VBZ 43297 717 44 materials material NNS 43297 717 45 which which WDT 43297 717 46 have have VBP 43297 717 47 already already RB 43297 717 48 been be VBN 43297 717 49 re re VBN 43297 717 50 - - VBN 43297 717 51 deposited deposit VBN 43297 717 52 several several JJ 43297 717 53 times time NNS 43297 717 54 , , , 43297 717 55 the the DT 43297 717 56 colluvial colluvial JJ 43297 717 57 clays clay NNS 43297 717 58 may may MD 43297 717 59 be be VB 43297 717 60 of of IN 43297 717 61 almost almost RB 43297 717 62 any any DT 43297 717 63 imaginable imaginable JJ 43297 717 64 composition composition NN 43297 717 65 . . . 43297 718 1 Floods flood NNS 43297 718 2 of of IN 43297 718 3 a a DT 43297 718 4 different different JJ 43297 718 5 character character NN 43297 718 6 -- -- . 43297 718 7 due due IN 43297 718 8 to to IN 43297 718 9 the the DT 43297 718 10 subsidence subsidence NN 43297 718 11 of of IN 43297 718 12 the the DT 43297 718 13 land land NN 43297 718 14 so so IN 43297 718 15 that that IN 43297 718 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 718 17 is be VBZ 43297 718 18 partially partially RB 43297 718 19 covered cover VBN 43297 718 20 with with IN 43297 718 21 lake- lake- JJ 43297 718 22 or or CC 43297 718 23 sea sea NN 43297 718 24 - - HYPH 43297 718 25 water water NN 43297 718 26 , , , 43297 718 27 which which WDT 43297 718 28 beats beat VBZ 43297 718 29 on on IN 43297 718 30 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 718 31 shores shore NNS 43297 718 32 and and CC 43297 718 33 erodes erode VBZ 43297 718 34 it -PRON- PRP 43297 718 35 in in IN 43297 718 36 the the DT 43297 718 37 manner manner NN 43297 718 38 already already RB 43297 718 39 described describe VBN 43297 718 40 -- -- : 43297 718 41 are be VBP 43297 718 42 also also RB 43297 718 43 important important JJ 43297 718 44 factors factor NNS 43297 718 45 in in IN 43297 718 46 the the DT 43297 718 47 transportation transportation NN 43297 718 48 of of IN 43297 718 49 clays clay NNS 43297 718 50 . . . 43297 719 1 So so RB 43297 719 2 far far RB 43297 719 3 as as IN 43297 719 4 clays clay NNS 43297 719 5 are be VBP 43297 719 6 concerned concern VBN 43297 719 7 , , , 43297 719 8 the the DT 43297 719 9 action action NN 43297 719 10 of of IN 43297 719 11 the the DT 43297 719 12 sea sea NN 43297 719 13 is be VBZ 43297 719 14 both both CC 43297 719 15 erosive erosive JJ 43297 719 16 and and CC 43297 719 17 depository depository JJ 43297 719 18 , , , 43297 719 19 though though IN 43297 719 20 the the DT 43297 719 21 sedimentation sedimentation NN 43297 719 22 in in IN 43297 719 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 719 24 being be VBG 43297 719 25 that that DT 43297 719 26 of of IN 43297 719 27 the the DT 43297 719 28 pelagic pelagic NN 43297 719 29 ooze ooze NN 43297 719 30 at at IN 43297 719 31 great great JJ 43297 719 32 depths depth NNS 43297 719 33 the the DT 43297 719 34 clayey clayey JJ 43297 719 35 material material NN 43297 719 36 is be VBZ 43297 719 37 quite quite RB 43297 719 38 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 43297 719 39 . . . 43297 720 1 Under under IN 43297 720 2 certain certain JJ 43297 720 3 conditions condition NNS 43297 720 4 , , , 43297 720 5 however however RB 43297 720 6 , , , 43297 720 7 the the DT 43297 720 8 sea sea NN 43297 720 9 may may MD 43297 720 10 erode erode VB 43297 720 11 land land NN 43297 720 12 in in IN 43297 720 13 one one CD 43297 720 14 area area NN 43297 720 15 and and CC 43297 720 16 may may MD 43297 720 17 return return VB 43297 720 18 the the DT 43297 720 19 transported transport VBN 43297 720 20 material material NN 43297 720 21 to to IN 43297 720 22 the the DT 43297 720 23 land land NN 43297 720 24 in in IN 43297 720 25 another another DT 43297 720 26 area area NN 43297 720 27 . . . 43297 721 1 The the DT 43297 721 2 diluvial diluvial JJ 43297 721 3 clay clay NN 43297 721 4 - - HYPH 43297 721 5 silt silt NN 43297 721 6 known know VBN 43297 721 7 as as IN 43297 721 8 _ _ NNP 43297 721 9 warp warp NN 43297 721 10 _ _ NNP 43297 721 11 in in IN 43297 721 12 the the DT 43297 721 13 valley valley NN 43297 721 14 of of IN 43297 721 15 the the DT 43297 721 16 Humber Humber NNP 43297 721 17 is be VBZ 43297 721 18 of of IN 43297 721 19 this this DT 43297 721 20 character character NN 43297 721 21 . . . 43297 722 1 Quite quite RB 43297 722 2 apart apart RB 43297 722 3 from from IN 43297 722 4 the the DT 43297 722 5 action action NN 43297 722 6 of of IN 43297 722 7 water water NN 43297 722 8 , , , 43297 722 9 however however RB 43297 722 10 , , , 43297 722 11 much much JJ 43297 722 12 denudation denudation NN 43297 722 13 , , , 43297 722 14 transportation transportation NN 43297 722 15 and and CC 43297 722 16 re re NN 43297 722 17 - - NN 43297 722 18 deposition deposition NN 43297 722 19 of of IN 43297 722 20 clays clay NNS 43297 722 21 and and CC 43297 722 22 associated associate VBN 43297 722 23 materials material NNS 43297 722 24 has have VBZ 43297 722 25 been be VBN 43297 722 26 due due JJ 43297 722 27 to to IN 43297 722 28 the the DT 43297 722 29 action action NN 43297 722 30 of of IN 43297 722 31 ice ice NN 43297 722 32 in in IN 43297 722 33 the the DT 43297 722 34 form form NN 43297 722 35 of of IN 43297 722 36 glaciers glacier NNS 43297 722 37 , , , 43297 722 38 though though IN 43297 722 39 these these DT 43297 722 40 do do VBP 43297 722 41 not not RB 43297 722 42 appear appear VB 43297 722 43 to to TO 43297 722 44 have have VB 43297 722 45 had have VBN 43297 722 46 much much JJ 43297 722 47 effect effect NN 43297 722 48 in in IN 43297 722 49 increasing increase VBG 43297 722 50 the the DT 43297 722 51 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 722 52 of of IN 43297 722 53 the the DT 43297 722 54 clays clay NNS 43297 722 55 concerned concern VBN 43297 722 56 . . . 43297 723 1 _ _ NNP 43297 723 2 Glacially Glacially NNP 43297 723 3 deposited deposit VBD 43297 723 4 clays clay NNS 43297 723 5 _ _ NNP 43297 723 6 are be VBP 43297 723 7 characterised characterise VBN 43297 723 8 by by IN 43297 723 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 723 10 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ 43297 723 11 composition composition NN 43297 723 12 , , , 43297 723 13 some some DT 43297 723 14 of of IN 43297 723 15 them -PRON- PRP 43297 723 16 containing contain VBG 43297 723 17 far far RB 43297 723 18 more more JJR 43297 723 19 sand sand NN 43297 723 20 than than IN 43297 723 21 true true JJ 43297 723 22 clay clay NN 43297 723 23 , , , 43297 723 24 whilst whilst IN 43297 723 25 yet yet RB 43297 723 26 retaining retain VBG 43297 723 27 a a DT 43297 723 28 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 723 29 amount amount NN 43297 723 30 of of IN 43297 723 31 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 723 32 to to TO 43297 723 33 enable enable VB 43297 723 34 them -PRON- PRP 43297 723 35 to to TO 43297 723 36 be be VB 43297 723 37 used use VBN 43297 723 38 for for IN 43297 723 39 rendering render VBG 43297 723 40 embankments embankment NNS 43297 723 41 impervious impervious JJ 43297 723 42 and and CC 43297 723 43 for for IN 43297 723 44 the the DT 43297 723 45 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 723 46 of of IN 43297 723 47 common common JJ 43297 723 48 bricks brick NNS 43297 723 49 , , , 43297 723 50 and and CC 43297 723 51 , , , 43297 723 52 occasionally occasionally RB 43297 723 53 , , , 43297 723 54 of of IN 43297 723 55 coarse coarse JJ 43297 723 56 pottery pottery NN 43297 723 57 ; ; : 43297 723 58 others other NNS 43297 723 59 contain contain VBP 43297 723 60 so so RB 43297 723 61 much much JJ 43297 723 62 sand sand NN 43297 723 63 as as IN 43297 723 64 to to TO 43297 723 65 be be VB 43297 723 66 useless useless JJ 43297 723 67 for for IN 43297 723 68 these these DT 43297 723 69 purposes purpose NNS 43297 723 70 . . . 43297 724 1 Most Most JJS 43297 724 2 glacial glacial JJ 43297 724 3 deposits deposit NNS 43297 724 4 contain contain VBP 43297 724 5 a a DT 43297 724 6 considerable considerable JJ 43297 724 7 proportion proportion NN 43297 724 8 of of IN 43297 724 9 stones stone NNS 43297 724 10 and and CC 43297 724 11 gravel gravel NN 43297 724 12 which which WDT 43297 724 13 must must MD 43297 724 14 be be VB 43297 724 15 removed remove VBN 43297 724 16 before before IN 43297 724 17 the the DT 43297 724 18 clay clay NN 43297 724 19 can can MD 43297 724 20 be be VB 43297 724 21 used use VBN 43297 724 22 . . . 43297 725 1 The the DT 43297 725 2 large large JJ 43297 725 3 proportion proportion NN 43297 725 4 of of IN 43297 725 5 adventitious adventitious JJ 43297 725 6 matter matter NN 43297 725 7 is be VBZ 43297 725 8 due due JJ 43297 725 9 in in IN 43297 725 10 great great JJ 43297 725 11 part part NN 43297 725 12 to to IN 43297 725 13 the the DT 43297 725 14 much much RB 43297 725 15 greater great JJR 43297 725 16 erosive erosive JJ 43297 725 17 force force NN 43297 725 18 and and CC 43297 725 19 carrying carry VBG 43297 725 20 power power NN 43297 725 21 of of IN 43297 725 22 ice ice NN 43297 725 23 as as IN 43297 725 24 compared compare VBN 43297 725 25 with with IN 43297 725 26 water water NN 43297 725 27 , , , 43297 725 28 resulting result VBG 43297 725 29 in in IN 43297 725 30 much much RB 43297 725 31 larger large JJR 43297 725 32 pieces piece NNS 43297 725 33 of of IN 43297 725 34 material material NN 43297 725 35 being be VBG 43297 725 36 carried carry VBN 43297 725 37 , , , 43297 725 38 and and CC 43297 725 39 as as IN 43297 725 40 the the DT 43297 725 41 whole whole NN 43297 725 42 of of IN 43297 725 43 the the DT 43297 725 44 ice ice NN 43297 725 45 - - HYPH 43297 725 46 borne bear VBN 43297 725 47 material material NN 43297 725 48 is be VBZ 43297 725 49 deposited deposit VBN 43297 725 50 almost almost RB 43297 725 51 simultaneously simultaneously RB 43297 725 52 when when WRB 43297 725 53 the the DT 43297 725 54 glacier glacier NN 43297 725 55 melts melt NNS 43297 725 56 , , , 43297 725 57 only only RB 43297 725 58 a a DT 43297 725 59 very very RB 43297 725 60 small small JJ 43297 725 61 amount amount NN 43297 725 62 of of IN 43297 725 63 separation separation NN 43297 725 64 of of IN 43297 725 65 the the DT 43297 725 66 material material NN 43297 725 67 into into IN 43297 725 68 different different JJ 43297 725 69 grades grade NNS 43297 725 70 takes take VBZ 43297 725 71 place place NN 43297 725 72 . . . 43297 726 1 The the DT 43297 726 2 comparative comparative JJ 43297 726 3 freedom freedom NN 43297 726 4 from from IN 43297 726 5 coarse coarse JJ 43297 726 6 sand sand NN 43297 726 7 of of IN 43297 726 8 some some DT 43297 726 9 glacial glacial JJ 43297 726 10 clays clay NNS 43297 726 11 shows show VBZ 43297 726 12 that that IN 43297 726 13 some some DT 43297 726 14 sorting sorting NN 43297 726 15 does do VBZ 43297 726 16 occur occur VB 43297 726 17 , , , 43297 726 18 but but CC 43297 726 19 it -PRON- PRP 43297 726 20 is be VBZ 43297 726 21 very very RB 43297 726 22 limited limited JJ 43297 726 23 in in IN 43297 726 24 extent extent NN 43297 726 25 as as IN 43297 726 26 compared compare VBN 43297 726 27 with with IN 43297 726 28 that that DT 43297 726 29 wrought wrought NN 43297 726 30 in in IN 43297 726 31 materials material NNS 43297 726 32 which which WDT 43297 726 33 have have VBP 43297 726 34 been be VBN 43297 726 35 exclusively exclusively RB 43297 726 36 transported transport VBN 43297 726 37 by by IN 43297 726 38 water water NN 43297 726 39 . . . 43297 727 1 For for IN 43297 727 2 the the DT 43297 727 3 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 727 4 of of IN 43297 727 5 bricks brick NNS 43297 727 6 , , , 43297 727 7 tiles tile NNS 43297 727 8 and and CC 43297 727 9 coarse coarse JJ 43297 727 10 pottery pottery NN 43297 727 11 in in IN 43297 727 12 Yorkshire Yorkshire NNP 43297 727 13 , , , 43297 727 14 Lancashire Lancashire NNP 43297 727 15 and and CC 43297 727 16 some some DT 43297 727 17 of of IN 43297 727 18 the the DT 43297 727 19 more more RBR 43297 727 20 northern northern JJ 43297 727 21 counties county NNS 43297 727 22 of of IN 43297 727 23 Great Great NNP 43297 727 24 Britain Britain NNP 43297 727 25 , , , 43297 727 26 glacially glacially RB 43297 727 27 deposited deposit VBN 43297 727 28 clays clay NNS 43297 727 29 are be VBP 43297 727 30 of of IN 43297 727 31 great great JJ 43297 727 32 importance importance NN 43297 727 33 in in IN 43297 727 34 spite spite NN 43297 727 35 of of IN 43297 727 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 727 37 irregular irregular JJ 43297 727 38 composition composition NN 43297 727 39 . . . 43297 728 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 728 2 are be VBP 43297 728 3 frequently frequently RB 43297 728 4 termed term VBN 43297 728 5 ' ' '' 43297 728 6 boulder boulder NN 43297 728 7 clays clay NNS 43297 728 8 ' ' '' 43297 728 9 or or CC 43297 728 10 ' ' `` 43297 728 11 drift drift NN 43297 728 12 clays clay NNS 43297 728 13 ' ' '' 43297 728 14 ( ( -LRB- 43297 728 15 p. p. NN 43297 728 16 65 65 CD 43297 728 17 ) ) -RRB- 43297 728 18 , , , 43297 728 19 but but CC 43297 728 20 in in IN 43297 728 21 using use VBG 43297 728 22 these these DT 43297 728 23 or or CC 43297 728 24 any any DT 43297 728 25 other other JJ 43297 728 26 terms term NNS 43297 728 27 for for IN 43297 728 28 clays clay NNS 43297 728 29 transported transport VBN 43297 728 30 by by IN 43297 728 31 glacial glacial JJ 43297 728 32 action action NN 43297 728 33 it -PRON- PRP 43297 728 34 is be VBZ 43297 728 35 important important JJ 43297 728 36 that that IN 43297 728 37 they -PRON- PRP 43297 728 38 should should MD 43297 728 39 not not RB 43297 728 40 be be VB 43297 728 41 understood understand VBN 43297 728 42 to to TO 43297 728 43 refer refer VB 43297 728 44 to to IN 43297 728 45 the the DT 43297 728 46 whole whole NN 43297 728 47 of of IN 43297 728 48 the the DT 43297 728 49 deposited deposited JJ 43297 728 50 matter matter NN 43297 728 51 . . . 43297 729 1 Large large JJ 43297 729 2 ' ' `` 43297 729 3 pockets pocket NNS 43297 729 4 ' ' '' 43297 729 5 of of IN 43297 729 6 coarse coarse JJ 43297 729 7 sand sand NN 43297 729 8 and and CC 43297 729 9 gravel gravel NN 43297 729 10 frequently frequently RB 43297 729 11 occur occur VBP 43297 729 12 in in IN 43297 729 13 deposits deposit NNS 43297 729 14 of of IN 43297 729 15 this this DT 43297 729 16 character character NN 43297 729 17 and and CC 43297 729 18 veins vein NNS 43297 729 19 of of IN 43297 729 20 the the DT 43297 729 21 same same JJ 43297 729 22 materials material NNS 43297 729 23 are be VBP 43297 729 24 by by IN 43297 729 25 no no DT 43297 729 26 means means NN 43297 729 27 uncommon uncommon JJ 43297 729 28 . . . 43297 730 1 The the DT 43297 730 2 custom custom NN 43297 730 3 of of IN 43297 730 4 some some DT 43297 730 5 geologists geologist NNS 43297 730 6 of of IN 43297 730 7 referring refer VBG 43297 730 8 to to IN 43297 730 9 the the DT 43297 730 10 _ _ NNP 43297 730 11 whole whole JJ 43297 730 12 _ _ NNP 43297 730 13 of of IN 43297 730 14 a a DT 43297 730 15 glacial glacial JJ 43297 730 16 deposit deposit NN 43297 730 17 as as IN 43297 730 18 ' ' `` 43297 730 19 boulder boulder NN 43297 730 20 clay clay NN 43297 730 21 ' ' '' 43297 730 22 has have VBZ 43297 730 23 , , , 43297 730 24 in in IN 43297 730 25 a a DT 43297 730 26 number number NN 43297 730 27 of of IN 43297 730 28 cases case NNS 43297 730 29 , , , 43297 730 30 led lead VBD 43297 730 31 to to IN 43297 730 32 serious serious JJ 43297 730 33 financial financial JJ 43297 730 34 loss loss NN 43297 730 35 to to IN 43297 730 36 clayworkers clayworker NNS 43297 730 37 who who WP 43297 730 38 have have VBP 43297 730 39 erroneously erroneously RB 43297 730 40 assumed assume VBN 43297 730 41 that that IN 43297 730 42 , , , 43297 730 43 because because IN 43297 730 44 some some DT 43297 730 45 ' ' `` 43297 730 46 boulder boulder NN 43297 730 47 clays clay NNS 43297 730 48 ' ' '' 43297 730 49 are be VBP 43297 730 50 used use VBN 43297 730 51 for for IN 43297 730 52 brick brick NN 43297 730 53 and and CC 43297 730 54 tile tile NN 43297 730 55 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 730 56 , , , 43297 730 57 all all DT 43297 730 58 deposits deposit NNS 43297 730 59 bearing bear VBG 43297 730 60 a a DT 43297 730 61 similar similar JJ 43297 730 62 title title NN 43297 730 63 would would MD 43297 730 64 be be VB 43297 730 65 equally equally RB 43297 730 66 suitable suitable JJ 43297 730 67 . . . 43297 731 1 This this DT 43297 731 2 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 731 3 would would MD 43297 731 4 largely largely RB 43297 731 5 be be VB 43297 731 6 avoided avoid VBN 43297 731 7 if if IN 43297 731 8 , , , 43297 731 9 as as IN 43297 731 10 is be VBZ 43297 731 11 now now RB 43297 731 12 increasingly increasingly RB 43297 731 13 the the DT 43297 731 14 case case NN 43297 731 15 , , , 43297 731 16 the the DT 43297 731 17 term term NN 43297 731 18 ' ' `` 43297 731 19 drift drift NN 43297 731 20 ' ' '' 43297 731 21 or or CC 43297 731 22 ' ' `` 43297 731 23 glacial glacial JJ 43297 731 24 deposit deposit NN 43297 731 25 ' ' '' 43297 731 26 were be VBD 43297 731 27 used use VBN 43297 731 28 for for IN 43297 731 29 the the DT 43297 731 30 deposits deposit NNS 43297 731 31 as as IN 43297 731 32 a a DT 43297 731 33 whole whole NN 43297 731 34 , , , 43297 731 35 the the DT 43297 731 36 term term NN 43297 731 37 ' ' POS 43297 731 38 boulder boulder NN 43297 731 39 clay clay NN 43297 731 40 ' ' '' 43297 731 41 being be VBG 43297 731 42 restricted restrict VBN 43297 731 43 to to IN 43297 731 44 the the DT 43297 731 45 plastic plastic JJ 43297 731 46 portions portion NNS 43297 731 47 and and CC 43297 731 48 not not RB 43297 731 49 including include VBG 43297 731 50 pockets pocket NNS 43297 731 51 of of IN 43297 731 52 sand sand NN 43297 731 53 , , , 43297 731 54 gravel gravel NN 43297 731 55 and and CC 43297 731 56 other other JJ 43297 731 57 non non JJ 43297 731 58 - - JJ 43297 731 59 plastic plastic JJ 43297 731 60 materials material NNS 43297 731 61 . . . 43297 732 1 _ _ NNP 43297 732 2 Boulder Boulder NNP 43297 732 3 clays_--using clays_--use VBG 43297 732 4 this this DT 43297 732 5 term term NN 43297 732 6 in in IN 43297 732 7 the the DT 43297 732 8 limited limited JJ 43297 732 9 sense sense NN 43297 732 10 just just RB 43297 732 11 mentioned mention VBD 43297 732 12 -- -- : 43297 732 13 consist consist VB 43297 732 14 of of IN 43297 732 15 variable variable JJ 43297 732 16 quantities quantity NNS 43297 732 17 of of IN 43297 732 18 sand sand NN 43297 732 19 and and CC 43297 732 20 clay clay NN 43297 732 21 , , , 43297 732 22 stones stone NNS 43297 732 23 and and CC 43297 732 24 gravel gravel NN 43297 732 25 being being NN 43297 732 26 generally generally RB 43297 732 27 associated associate VBN 43297 732 28 with with IN 43297 732 29 them -PRON- PRP 43297 732 30 . . . 43297 733 1 The the DT 43297 733 2 stones stone NNS 43297 733 3 may may MD 43297 733 4 usually usually RB 43297 733 5 be be VB 43297 733 6 removed remove VBN 43297 733 7 by by IN 43297 733 8 careful careful JJ 43297 733 9 picking picking NN 43297 733 10 , , , 43297 733 11 and and CC 43297 733 12 the the DT 43297 733 13 gravel gravel NN 43297 733 14 by by IN 43297 733 15 means mean NNS 43297 733 16 of of IN 43297 733 17 a a DT 43297 733 18 ' ' `` 43297 733 19 clay clay NN 43297 733 20 cleaner cleaner NN 43297 733 21 ' ' '' 43297 733 22 which which WDT 43297 733 23 forces force VBZ 43297 733 24 the the DT 43297 733 25 plastic plastic JJ 43297 733 26 material material NN 43297 733 27 through through IN 43297 733 28 apertures aperture NNS 43297 733 29 too too RB 43297 733 30 small small JJ 43297 733 31 to to TO 43297 733 32 allow allow VB 43297 733 33 the the DT 43297 733 34 gravel gravel NN 43297 733 35 to to TO 43297 733 36 pass pass VB 43297 733 37 . . . 43297 734 1 The the DT 43297 734 2 plastic plastic JJ 43297 734 3 material material NN 43297 734 4 so so RB 43297 734 5 separated separated JJ 43297 734 6 is be VBZ 43297 734 7 far far RB 43297 734 8 from from IN 43297 734 9 being be VBG 43297 734 10 a a DT 43297 734 11 pure pure JJ 43297 734 12 clay clay NN 43297 734 13 and and CC 43297 734 14 may may MD 43297 734 15 contain contain VB 43297 734 16 almost almost RB 43297 734 17 half half PDT 43297 734 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 734 19 weight weight NN 43297 734 20 of of IN 43297 734 21 sand sand NN 43297 734 22 , , , 43297 734 23 the the DT 43297 734 24 greater great JJR 43297 734 25 part part NN 43297 734 26 of of IN 43297 734 27 which which WDT 43297 734 28 is be VBZ 43297 734 29 readily readily RB 43297 734 30 separated separate VBN 43297 734 31 by by IN 43297 734 32 washing wash VBG 43297 734 33 the the DT 43297 734 34 material material NN 43297 734 35 . . . 43297 735 1 Boulder boulder NN 43297 735 2 clays clay NNS 43297 735 3 , , , 43297 735 4 when when WRB 43297 735 5 freed free VBN 43297 735 6 from from IN 43297 735 7 stones stone NNS 43297 735 8 and and CC 43297 735 9 gravel gravel NN 43297 735 10 , , , 43297 735 11 are be VBP 43297 735 12 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 735 13 plastic plastic JJ 43297 735 14 to to TO 43297 735 15 meet meet VB 43297 735 16 the the DT 43297 735 17 needs need NNS 43297 735 18 of of IN 43297 735 19 most most JJS 43297 735 20 users user NNS 43297 735 21 , , , 43297 735 22 without without IN 43297 735 23 being be VBG 43297 735 24 so so RB 43297 735 25 highly highly RB 43297 735 26 plastic plastic JJ 43297 735 27 and and CC 43297 735 28 contractile contractile NN 43297 735 29 as as IN 43297 735 30 to to TO 43297 735 31 necessitate necessitate VB 43297 735 32 admixture admixture NN 43297 735 33 with with IN 43297 735 34 sand sand NN 43297 735 35 or or CC 43297 735 36 similar similar JJ 43297 735 37 material material NN 43297 735 38 . . . 43297 736 1 Some some DT 43297 736 2 boulder boulder NN 43297 736 3 clays clay NNS 43297 736 4 contain contain VBP 43297 736 5 limestone limestone NN 43297 736 6 in in IN 43297 736 7 the the DT 43297 736 8 form form NN 43297 736 9 of of IN 43297 736 10 gravel gravel NN 43297 736 11 or or CC 43297 736 12 as as IN 43297 736 13 a a DT 43297 736 14 coarse coarse JJ 43297 736 15 powder powder NN 43297 736 16 produced produce VBN 43297 736 17 by by IN 43297 736 18 the the DT 43297 736 19 crushing crushing NN 43297 736 20 of of IN 43297 736 21 larger large JJR 43297 736 22 fragments fragment NNS 43297 736 23 . . . 43297 737 1 These these DT 43297 737 2 are be VBP 43297 737 3 less less RBR 43297 737 4 suitable suitable JJ 43297 737 5 for for IN 43297 737 6 manufacturing manufacture VBG 43297 737 7 purposes purpose NNS 43297 737 8 as as IN 43297 737 9 the the DT 43297 737 10 lime lime NN 43297 737 11 produced produce VBD 43297 737 12 when when WRB 43297 737 13 the the DT 43297 737 14 articles article NNS 43297 737 15 are be VBP 43297 737 16 burned burn VBN 43297 737 17 in in IN 43297 737 18 the the DT 43297 737 19 kilns kiln NNS 43297 737 20 is be VBZ 43297 737 21 liable liable JJ 43297 737 22 to to TO 43297 737 23 swell swell VB 43297 737 24 and and CC 43297 737 25 to to TO 43297 737 26 disintegrate disintegrate VB 43297 737 27 them -PRON- PRP 43297 737 28 on on IN 43297 737 29 exposure exposure NN 43297 737 30 . . . 43297 738 1 Owing owe VBG 43297 738 2 to to IN 43297 738 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 738 4 origin origin NN 43297 738 5 and and CC 43297 738 6 the the DT 43297 738 7 nature nature NN 43297 738 8 of of IN 43297 738 9 the the DT 43297 738 10 impurities impurity NNS 43297 738 11 they -PRON- PRP 43297 738 12 contain contain VBP 43297 738 13 , , , 43297 738 14 boulder boulder NN 43297 738 15 clays clay NNS 43297 738 16 are be VBP 43297 738 17 never never RB 43297 738 18 pure pure JJ 43297 738 19 and and CC 43297 738 20 when when WRB 43297 738 21 burned burn VBN 43297 738 22 are be VBP 43297 738 23 irregular irregular JJ 43297 738 24 in in IN 43297 738 25 colour colour NN 43297 738 26 and and CC 43297 738 27 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 738 28 fusible fusible JJ 43297 738 29 unless unless IN 43297 738 30 subjected subject VBN 43297 738 31 to to IN 43297 738 32 some some DT 43297 738 33 process process NN 43297 738 34 of of IN 43297 738 35 purification purification NN 43297 738 36 . . . 43297 739 1 CHAPTER chapter NN 43297 739 2 V V NNP 43297 739 3 SOME some NN 43297 739 4 CLAYS clay NNS 43297 739 5 OF of IN 43297 739 6 COMMERCIAL commercial JJ 43297 739 7 IMPORTANCE importance NN 43297 739 8 Although although IN 43297 739 9 clays clay NNS 43297 739 10 occur occur VBP 43297 739 11 in in IN 43297 739 12 deposits deposit NNS 43297 739 13 of of IN 43297 739 14 almost almost RB 43297 739 15 all all DT 43297 739 16 geological geological JJ 43297 739 17 periods period NNS 43297 739 18 , , , 43297 739 19 many many JJ 43297 739 20 of of IN 43297 739 21 them -PRON- PRP 43297 739 22 are be VBP 43297 739 23 of of IN 43297 739 24 little little JJ 43297 739 25 or or CC 43297 739 26 no no DT 43297 739 27 commercial commercial JJ 43297 739 28 value value NN 43297 739 29 . . . 43297 740 1 This this DT 43297 740 2 may may MD 43297 740 3 be be VB 43297 740 4 due due IN 43297 740 5 to to IN 43297 740 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 740 7 situation situation NN 43297 740 8 or or CC 43297 740 9 to to IN 43297 740 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 740 11 composition composition NN 43297 740 12 and and CC 43297 740 13 other other JJ 43297 740 14 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 740 15 . . . 43297 741 1 Thus thus RB 43297 741 2 , , , 43297 741 3 a a DT 43297 741 4 Coal Coal NNP 43297 741 5 Measure measure NN 43297 741 6 clay clay NN 43297 741 7 is be VBZ 43297 741 8 ordinarily ordinarily RB 43297 741 9 quite quite RB 43297 741 10 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 43297 741 11 , , , 43297 741 12 and and CC 43297 741 13 to to TO 43297 741 14 sink sink VB 43297 741 15 a a DT 43297 741 16 shaft shaft NN 43297 741 17 specially specially RB 43297 741 18 to to TO 43297 741 19 obtain obtain VB 43297 741 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 741 21 may may MD 43297 741 22 be be VB 43297 741 23 an an DT 43297 741 24 unprofitable unprofitable JJ 43297 741 25 undertaking undertaking NN 43297 741 26 ; ; : 43297 741 27 if if IN 43297 741 28 , , , 43297 741 29 however however RB 43297 741 30 , , , 43297 741 31 a a DT 43297 741 32 shaft shaft NN 43297 741 33 is be VBZ 43297 741 34 sunk sink VBN 43297 741 35 for for IN 43297 741 36 coal coal NN 43297 741 37 the the DT 43297 741 38 clays clay NNS 43297 741 39 in in IN 43297 741 40 the the DT 43297 741 41 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 43297 741 42 of of IN 43297 741 43 the the DT 43297 741 44 coal coal NN 43297 741 45 seams seam NNS 43297 741 46 are be VBP 43297 741 47 rendered render VBN 43297 741 48 accessible accessible JJ 43297 741 49 and and CC 43297 741 50 , , , 43297 741 51 usually usually RB 43297 741 52 , , , 43297 741 53 a a DT 43297 741 54 certain certain JJ 43297 741 55 amount amount NN 43297 741 56 of of IN 43297 741 57 such such JJ 43297 741 58 clays clay NNS 43297 741 59 is be VBZ 43297 741 60 brought bring VBN 43297 741 61 to to IN 43297 741 62 the the DT 43297 741 63 surface surface NN 43297 741 64 in in IN 43297 741 65 order order NN 43297 741 66 to to TO 43297 741 67 remove remove VB 43297 741 68 it -PRON- PRP 43297 741 69 out out IN 43297 741 70 of of IN 43297 741 71 the the DT 43297 741 72 way way NN 43297 741 73 of of IN 43297 741 74 the the DT 43297 741 75 coal coal NN 43297 741 76 miners miner NNS 43297 741 77 . . . 43297 742 1 Again again RB 43297 742 2 , , , 43297 742 3 a a DT 43297 742 4 clay clay NN 43297 742 5 deposit deposit NN 43297 742 6 may may MD 43297 742 7 be be VB 43297 742 8 so so RB 43297 742 9 far far RB 43297 742 10 removed remove VBN 43297 742 11 from from IN 43297 742 12 human human JJ 43297 742 13 habitations habitation NNS 43297 742 14 as as IN 43297 742 15 to to TO 43297 742 16 make make VB 43297 742 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 742 18 practically practically RB 43297 742 19 valueless valueless VB 43297 742 20 , , , 43297 742 21 but but CC 43297 742 22 if if IN 43297 742 23 , , , 43297 742 24 for for IN 43297 742 25 any any DT 43297 742 26 reason reason NN 43297 742 27 , , , 43297 742 28 the the DT 43297 742 29 population population NN 43297 742 30 of of IN 43297 742 31 the the DT 43297 742 32 district district NN 43297 742 33 in in IN 43297 742 34 which which WDT 43297 742 35 the the DT 43297 742 36 clay clay NN 43297 742 37 is be VBZ 43297 742 38 situated situate VBN 43297 742 39 grows grow VBZ 43297 742 40 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 742 41 , , , 43297 742 42 the the DT 43297 742 43 clay clay NN 43297 742 44 may may MD 43297 742 45 become become VB 43297 742 46 of of IN 43297 742 47 considerable considerable JJ 43297 742 48 value value NN 43297 742 49 . . . 43297 743 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 743 2 not not RB 43297 743 3 infrequently infrequently RB 43297 743 4 happens happen VBZ 43297 743 5 , , , 43297 743 6 therefore therefore RB 43297 743 7 , , , 43297 743 8 that that IN 43297 743 9 the the DT 43297 743 10 commercial commercial JJ 43297 743 11 importance importance NN 43297 743 12 of of IN 43297 743 13 a a DT 43297 743 14 clay clay NN 43297 743 15 deposit deposit NN 43297 743 16 is be VBZ 43297 743 17 one one CD 43297 743 18 which which WDT 43297 743 19 fluctuates fluctuate VBZ 43297 743 20 considerably considerably RB 43297 743 21 , , , 43297 743 22 yet yet RB 43297 743 23 , , , 43297 743 24 in in IN 43297 743 25 spite spite NN 43297 743 26 of of IN 43297 743 27 this this DT 43297 743 28 fact fact NN 43297 743 29 , , , 43297 743 30 there there EX 43297 743 31 are be VBP 43297 743 32 certain certain JJ 43297 743 33 kinds kind NNS 43297 743 34 of of IN 43297 743 35 clay clay NN 43297 743 36 which which WDT 43297 743 37 are be VBP 43297 743 38 nearly nearly RB 43297 743 39 always always RB 43297 743 40 of of IN 43297 743 41 some some DT 43297 743 42 commercial commercial JJ 43297 743 43 value value NN 43297 743 44 . . . 43297 744 1 The the DT 43297 744 2 most most RBS 43297 744 3 important important JJ 43297 744 4 of of IN 43297 744 5 these these DT 43297 744 6 are be VBP 43297 744 7 the the DT 43297 744 8 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 744 9 ( ( -LRB- 43297 744 10 china china NNP 43297 744 11 clays clays NNP 43297 744 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 744 13 , , , 43297 744 14 the the DT 43297 744 15 pottery pottery NN 43297 744 16 and and CC 43297 744 17 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 744 18 clays clay NNS 43297 744 19 , , , 43297 744 20 the the DT 43297 744 21 refractory refractory JJ 43297 744 22 clays clay NNS 43297 744 23 ( ( -LRB- 43297 744 24 fireclays fireclays NNP 43297 744 25 ) ) -RRB- 43297 744 26 , , , 43297 744 27 the the DT 43297 744 28 brick brick NN 43297 744 29 and and CC 43297 744 30 terra terra NN 43297 744 31 - - HYPH 43297 744 32 cotta cotta NNP 43297 744 33 clays clay NNS 43297 744 34 and and CC 43297 744 35 shales shale NNS 43297 744 36 , , , 43297 744 37 and and CC 43297 744 38 the the DT 43297 744 39 clays clay NNS 43297 744 40 used use VBN 43297 744 41 in in IN 43297 744 42 the the DT 43297 744 43 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 744 44 of of IN 43297 744 45 Portland Portland NNP 43297 744 46 cement cement NN 43297 744 47 . . . 43297 745 1 The the DT 43297 745 2 origin origin NN 43297 745 3 and and CC 43297 745 4 manner manner NN 43297 745 5 in in IN 43297 745 6 which which WDT 43297 745 7 these these DT 43297 745 8 clays clay NNS 43297 745 9 have have VBP 43297 745 10 been be VBN 43297 745 11 accumulated accumulate VBN 43297 745 12 have have VBP 43297 745 13 been be VBN 43297 745 14 described describe VBN 43297 745 15 in in IN 43297 745 16 the the DT 43297 745 17 previous previous JJ 43297 745 18 chapters chapter NNS 43297 745 19 ; ; : 43297 745 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 745 21 now now RB 43297 745 22 remains remain VBZ 43297 745 23 to to TO 43297 745 24 indicate indicate VB 43297 745 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 745 26 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 745 27 from from IN 43297 745 28 the the DT 43297 745 29 point point NN 43297 745 30 of of IN 43297 745 31 view view NN 43297 745 32 of of IN 43297 745 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 745 34 commercial commercial JJ 43297 745 35 value value NN 43297 745 36 . . . 43297 746 1 = = NFP 43297 746 2 Commercial commercial JJ 43297 746 3 china china NNP 43297 746 4 clays clay NNS 43297 746 5 and and CC 43297 746 6 kaolins= kaolins= VBN 43297 746 7 in in IN 43297 746 8 the the DT 43297 746 9 United United NNP 43297 746 10 Kingdom Kingdom NNP 43297 746 11 are be VBP 43297 746 12 not not RB 43297 746 13 simple simple JJ 43297 746 14 natural natural JJ 43297 746 15 products product NNS 43297 746 16 but but CC 43297 746 17 , , , 43297 746 18 in in IN 43297 746 19 the the DT 43297 746 20 state state NN 43297 746 21 in in IN 43297 746 22 which which WDT 43297 746 23 they -PRON- PRP 43297 746 24 are be VBP 43297 746 25 sold sell VBN 43297 746 26 commercially commercially RB 43297 746 27 , , , 43297 746 28 have have VBP 43297 746 29 all all DT 43297 746 30 been be VBN 43297 746 31 subjected subject VBN 43297 746 32 to to IN 43297 746 33 a a DT 43297 746 34 careful careful JJ 43297 746 35 treatment treatment NN 43297 746 36 with with IN 43297 746 37 water water NN 43297 746 38 , , , 43297 746 39 followed follow VBN 43297 746 40 by by IN 43297 746 41 a a DT 43297 746 42 process process NN 43297 746 43 of of IN 43297 746 44 sedimentation sedimentation NN 43297 746 45 whereby whereby WRB 43297 746 46 the the DT 43297 746 47 bulk bulk NN 43297 746 48 of of IN 43297 746 49 the the DT 43297 746 50 impurities impurity NNS 43297 746 51 have have VBP 43297 746 52 been be VBN 43297 746 53 removed remove VBN 43297 746 54 . . . 43297 747 1 According accord VBG 43297 747 2 to to IN 43297 747 3 the the DT 43297 747 4 extent extent NN 43297 747 5 to to TO 43297 747 6 which which WDT 43297 747 7 this this DT 43297 747 8 treatment treatment NN 43297 747 9 has have VBZ 43297 747 10 been be VBN 43297 747 11 carried carry VBN 43297 747 12 out out RP 43297 747 13 , , , 43297 747 14 they -PRON- PRP 43297 747 15 will will MD 43297 747 16 contain contain VB 43297 747 17 10 10 CD 43297 747 18 per per NN 43297 747 19 cent cent NN 43297 747 20 . . . 43297 748 1 or or CC 43297 748 2 more more JJR 43297 748 3 mica mica NNP 43297 748 4 and and CC 43297 748 5 quartz quartz NNP 43297 748 6 , , , 43297 748 7 with with IN 43297 748 8 little little JJ 43297 748 9 or or CC 43297 748 10 no no DT 43297 748 11 tourmaline tourmaline NN 43297 748 12 , , , 43297 748 13 felspar felspar NNS 43297 748 14 and and CC 43297 748 15 undecomposed undecomposed JJ 43297 748 16 granite granite NN 43297 748 17 . . . 43297 749 1 In in IN 43297 749 2 some some DT 43297 749 3 parts part NNS 43297 749 4 of of IN 43297 749 5 Europe Europe NNP 43297 749 6 and and CC 43297 749 7 America America NNP 43297 749 8 , , , 43297 749 9 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 749 10 are be VBP 43297 749 11 found find VBN 43297 749 12 in in IN 43297 749 13 a a DT 43297 749 14 state state NN 43297 749 15 of of IN 43297 749 16 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 749 17 purity purity NN 43297 749 18 to to TO 43297 749 19 need need VB 43297 749 20 no no DT 43297 749 21 treatment treatment NN 43297 749 22 of of IN 43297 749 23 this this DT 43297 749 24 kind kind NN 43297 749 25 unless unless IN 43297 749 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 749 27 are be VBP 43297 749 28 to to TO 43297 749 29 be be VB 43297 749 30 used use VBN 43297 749 31 for for IN 43297 749 32 the the DT 43297 749 33 very very RB 43297 749 34 highest high JJS 43297 749 35 class class NN 43297 749 36 of of IN 43297 749 37 wares ware NNS 43297 749 38 . . . 43297 750 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 750 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 750 3 : : : 43297 750 4 _ _ NNP 43297 750 5 Magnified Magnified NNP 43297 750 6 220 220 CD 43297 750 7 Diameters Diameters NNPS 43297 750 8 _ _ NNP 43297 750 9 _ _ NNP 43297 750 10 Magnified Magnified NNP 43297 750 11 920 920 CD 43297 750 12 Diameters Diameters NNPS 43297 750 13 _ _ NNP 43297 750 14 _ _ NNP 43297 750 15 Magnified Magnified NNP 43297 750 16 220 220 CD 43297 750 17 Diameters Diameters NNPS 43297 750 18 _ _ NNP 43297 750 19 _ _ NNP 43297 750 20 Magnified Magnified NNP 43297 750 21 220 220 CD 43297 750 22 Diameters Diameters NNPS 43297 750 23 _ _ NNP 43297 750 24 Crystals Crystals NNPS 43297 750 25 of of IN 43297 750 26 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 750 27 _ _ NNP 43297 750 28 Magnified Magnified NNP 43297 750 29 920 920 CD 43297 750 30 Diameters Diameters NNPS 43297 750 31 _ _ NNP 43297 750 32 Crystals Crystals NNPS 43297 750 33 of of IN 43297 750 34 Secondary Secondary NNP 43297 750 35 Muscovite Muscovite NNP 43297 750 36 . . . 43297 751 1 Fig fig NN 43297 751 2 . . . 43297 752 1 17 17 CD 43297 752 2 . . . 43297 753 1 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 753 2 and and CC 43297 753 3 Mica Mica NNP 43297 753 4 . . . 43297 754 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 754 2 _ _ NNP 43297 754 3 After after IN 43297 754 4 G. G. NNP 43297 754 5 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 754 6 _ _ NNP 43297 754 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 754 8 36 36 CD 43297 754 9 ) ) -RRB- 43297 754 10 . . . 43297 754 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 754 12 ] ] -RRB- 43297 755 1 Mica Mica NNP 43297 755 2 is be VBZ 43297 755 3 usually usually RB 43297 755 4 the the DT 43297 755 5 chief chief JJ 43297 755 6 impurity impurity NN 43297 755 7 as as IN 43297 755 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 755 9 particles particle NNS 43297 755 10 are be VBP 43297 755 11 so so RB 43297 755 12 small small JJ 43297 755 13 and and CC 43297 755 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 755 15 density density NN 43297 755 16 resembles resemble VBZ 43297 755 17 that that DT 43297 755 18 of of IN 43297 755 19 the the DT 43297 755 20 purified purified NNP 43297 755 21 china china NNP 43297 755 22 clay clay NN 43297 755 23 more more RBR 43297 755 24 closely closely RB 43297 755 25 than than IN 43297 755 26 do do VB 43297 755 27 the the DT 43297 755 28 other other JJ 43297 755 29 minerals mineral NNS 43297 755 30 . . . 43297 756 1 In in IN 43297 756 2 commerce commerce NN 43297 756 3 the the DT 43297 756 4 term term NN 43297 756 5 _ _ NNP 43297 756 6 china china NNP 43297 756 7 clay clay NNP 43297 756 8 _ _ NNP 43297 756 9 is be VBZ 43297 756 10 almost almost RB 43297 756 11 invariably invariably RB 43297 756 12 used use VBN 43297 756 13 to to TO 43297 756 14 denote denote VB 43297 756 15 the the DT 43297 756 16 washed wash VBN 43297 756 17 material material NN 43297 756 18 obtained obtain VBN 43297 756 19 from from IN 43297 756 20 the the DT 43297 756 21 ' ' `` 43297 756 22 china china NNP 43297 756 23 clay clay NNP 43297 756 24 rock rock NNP 43297 756 25 , , , 43297 756 26 ' ' '' 43297 756 27 but but CC 43297 756 28 at at IN 43297 756 29 the the DT 43297 756 30 pits pit NNS 43297 756 31 the the DT 43297 756 32 word word NN 43297 756 33 ' ' `` 43297 756 34 clay clay NN 43297 756 35 ' ' '' 43297 756 36 is be VBZ 43297 756 37 used use VBN 43297 756 38 indiscriminately indiscriminately RB 43297 756 39 for for IN 43297 756 40 the the DT 43297 756 41 carclazite carclazite JJ 43297 756 42 ( ( -LRB- 43297 756 43 p. p. NN 43297 756 44 78 78 CD 43297 756 45 ) ) -RRB- 43297 756 46 and and CC 43297 756 47 for for IN 43297 756 48 the the DT 43297 756 49 material material NN 43297 756 50 obtained obtain VBN 43297 756 51 from from IN 43297 756 52 it -PRON- PRP 43297 756 53 . . . 43297 757 1 As as IN 43297 757 2 the the DT 43297 757 3 term term NN 43297 757 4 ' ' `` 43297 757 5 kaolin kaolin NN 43297 757 6 ' ' '' 43297 757 7 is be VBZ 43297 757 8 used use VBN 43297 757 9 indifferently indifferently RB 43297 757 10 abroad abroad RB 43297 757 11 for for IN 43297 757 12 the the DT 43297 757 13 crude crude JJ 43297 757 14 ' ' `` 43297 757 15 deposit deposit NN 43297 757 16 ' ' '' 43297 757 17 and and CC 43297 757 18 for for IN 43297 757 19 the the DT 43297 757 20 purified purified JJ 43297 757 21 commercial commercial JJ 43297 757 22 article article NN 43297 757 23 , , , 43297 757 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 757 25 should should MD 43297 757 26 be be VB 43297 757 27 understood understand VBN 43297 757 28 that that IN 43297 757 29 the the DT 43297 757 30 following follow VBG 43297 757 31 information information NN 43297 757 32 relates relate VBZ 43297 757 33 solely solely RB 43297 757 34 to to IN 43297 757 35 the the DT 43297 757 36 substance substance NN 43297 757 37 as as IN 43297 757 38 usually usually RB 43297 757 39 sold sell VBN 43297 757 40 and and CC 43297 757 41 not not RB 43297 757 42 to to IN 43297 757 43 the the DT 43297 757 44 crude crude JJ 43297 757 45 material material NN 43297 757 46 . . . 43297 758 1 Commercial Commercial NNP 43297 758 2 china china NNP 43297 758 3 clay clay NNP 43297 758 4 or or CC 43297 758 5 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 758 6 is be VBZ 43297 758 7 a a DT 43297 758 8 soft soft JJ 43297 758 9 white white JJ 43297 758 10 or or CC 43297 758 11 faintly faintly RB 43297 758 12 yellowish yellowish JJ 43297 758 13 substance substance NN 43297 758 14 , , , 43297 758 15 easily easily RB 43297 758 16 reduced reduce VBN 43297 758 17 to to IN 43297 758 18 an an DT 43297 758 19 extremely extremely RB 43297 758 20 fine fine JJ 43297 758 21 powder powder NN 43297 758 22 , , , 43297 758 23 which which WDT 43297 758 24 when when WRB 43297 758 25 mixed mix VBN 43297 758 26 with with IN 43297 758 27 twice twice PDT 43297 758 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 758 29 weight weight NN 43297 758 30 of of IN 43297 758 31 water water NN 43297 758 32 will will MD 43297 758 33 pass pass VB 43297 758 34 completely completely RB 43297 758 35 through through IN 43297 758 36 a a DT 43297 758 37 No no NN 43297 758 38 . . . 43297 759 1 200 200 CD 43297 759 2 sieve sieve NN 43297 759 3 . . . 43297 760 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 760 2 specific specific JJ 43297 760 3 gravity gravity NN 43297 760 4 is be VBZ 43297 760 5 2·65 2·65 CD 43297 760 6 , , , 43297 760 7 but but CC 43297 760 8 the the DT 43297 760 9 minuteness minuteness NN 43297 760 10 and and CC 43297 760 11 nature nature NN 43297 760 12 of of IN 43297 760 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 760 14 smallest small JJS 43297 760 15 particles particle NNS 43297 760 16 and and CC 43297 760 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 760 18 character character NN 43297 760 19 are be VBP 43297 760 20 such such JJ 43297 760 21 that that IN 43297 760 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 760 23 will will MD 43297 760 24 remain remain VB 43297 760 25 in in IN 43297 760 26 suspension suspension NN 43297 760 27 in in IN 43297 760 28 water water NN 43297 760 29 for for IN 43297 760 30 several several JJ 43297 760 31 days day NNS 43297 760 32 ; ; : 43297 760 33 it -PRON- PRP 43297 760 34 thus thus RB 43297 760 35 appears appear VBZ 43297 760 36 to to TO 43297 760 37 possess possess VB 43297 760 38 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 760 39 properties property NNS 43297 760 40 , , , 43297 760 41 at at IN 43297 760 42 any any DT 43297 760 43 rate rate NN 43297 760 44 so so RB 43297 760 45 far far RB 43297 760 46 as as IN 43297 760 47 the the DT 43297 760 48 smaller small JJR 43297 760 49 particles particle NNS 43297 760 50 are be VBP 43297 760 51 concerned concern VBN 43297 760 52 . . . 43297 761 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 761 2 is be VBZ 43297 761 3 almost almost RB 43297 761 4 infusible infusible JJ 43297 761 5 , , , 43297 761 6 but but CC 43297 761 7 shows show VBZ 43297 761 8 signs sign NNS 43297 761 9 of of IN 43297 761 10 softening soften VBG 43297 761 11 at at IN 43297 761 12 1880 1880 CD 43297 761 13 ° ° , 43297 761 14 C. C. NNP 43297 761 15 ( ( -LRB- 43297 761 16 Seger Seger NNP 43297 761 17 Cone Cone NNP 43297 761 18 39 39 CD 43297 761 19 ) ) -RRB- 43297 761 20 or or CC 43297 761 21 at at IN 43297 761 22 a a DT 43297 761 23 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 761 24 lower low JJR 43297 761 25 temperature temperature NN 43297 761 26 , , , 43297 761 27 according accord VBG 43297 761 28 to to IN 43297 761 29 the the DT 43297 761 30 proportion proportion NN 43297 761 31 of of IN 43297 761 32 impurities impurity NNS 43297 761 33 present present JJ 43297 761 34 . . . 43297 762 1 When when WRB 43297 762 2 heated heat VBN 43297 762 3 with with IN 43297 762 4 silica silica NN 43297 762 5 or or CC 43297 762 6 with with IN 43297 762 7 various various JJ 43297 762 8 metallic metallic JJ 43297 762 9 oxides oxide NNS 43297 762 10 it -PRON- PRP 43297 762 11 fuses fuse VBZ 43297 762 12 more more RBR 43297 762 13 readily readily RB 43297 762 14 owing owe VBG 43297 762 15 to to IN 43297 762 16 the the DT 43297 762 17 formation formation NN 43297 762 18 of of IN 43297 762 19 silicates silicate NNS 43297 762 20 . . . 43297 763 1 China China NNP 43297 763 2 clays clay NNS 43297 763 3 and and CC 43297 763 4 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 763 5 are be VBP 43297 763 6 not not RB 43297 763 7 appreciably appreciably RB 43297 763 8 affected affect VBN 43297 763 9 by by IN 43297 763 10 dilute dilute NN 43297 763 11 acids acid NNS 43297 763 12 , , , 43297 763 13 but but CC 43297 763 14 some some DT 43297 763 15 specimens specimen NNS 43297 763 16 are be VBP 43297 763 17 partially partially RB 43297 763 18 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 763 19 by by IN 43297 763 20 boiling boil VBG 43297 763 21 concentrated concentrated JJ 43297 763 22 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 43297 763 23 acid acid NN 43297 763 24 ( ( -LRB- 43297 763 25 26 26 CD 43297 763 26 ) ) -RRB- 43297 763 27 and and CC 43297 763 28 all all DT 43297 763 29 are be VBP 43297 763 30 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 763 31 by by IN 43297 763 32 boiling boil VBG 43297 763 33 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 763 34 acid acid NNP 43297 763 35 , , , 43297 763 36 the the DT 43297 763 37 alumina alumina NNP 43297 763 38 being be VBG 43297 763 39 dissolved dissolve VBN 43297 763 40 and and CC 43297 763 41 the the DT 43297 763 42 silica silica NN 43297 763 43 liberated liberate VBN 43297 763 44 in in IN 43297 763 45 a a DT 43297 763 46 form form NN 43297 763 47 easily easily RB 43297 763 48 soluble soluble JJ 43297 763 49 in in IN 43297 763 50 solutions solution NNS 43297 763 51 of of IN 43297 763 52 caustic caustic JJ 43297 763 53 soda soda NN 43297 763 54 or or CC 43297 763 55 potash potash NN 43297 763 56 . . . 43297 764 1 This this DT 43297 764 2 has have VBZ 43297 764 3 led lead VBN 43297 764 4 to to IN 43297 764 5 the the DT 43297 764 6 conclusion conclusion NN 43297 764 7 that that IN 43297 764 8 some some DT 43297 764 9 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 764 10 may may MD 43297 764 11 have have VB 43297 764 12 been be VBN 43297 764 13 produced produce VBN 43297 764 14 by by IN 43297 764 15 weathering weather VBG 43297 764 16 , , , 43297 764 17 as as IN 43297 764 18 the the DT 43297 764 19 bulk bulk NN 43297 764 20 of of IN 43297 764 21 true true JJ 43297 764 22 kaolinitic kaolinitic JJ 43297 764 23 clays clay NNS 43297 764 24 ( ( -LRB- 43297 764 25 such such JJ 43297 764 26 as as IN 43297 764 27 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 764 28 china china NNP 43297 764 29 clay clay NN 43297 764 30 ) ) -RRB- 43297 764 31 is be VBZ 43297 764 32 not not RB 43297 764 33 affected affect VBN 43297 764 34 by by IN 43297 764 35 boiling boil VBG 43297 764 36 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 43297 764 37 acid acid NN 43297 764 38 ( ( -LRB- 43297 764 39 p. p. NN 43297 764 40 81 81 CD 43297 764 41 ) ) -RRB- 43297 764 42 . . . 43297 765 1 Owing owe VBG 43297 765 2 to to IN 43297 765 3 the the DT 43297 765 4 exceptional exceptional JJ 43297 765 5 minuteness minuteness NN 43297 765 6 of of IN 43297 765 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 765 8 particles particle NNS 43297 765 9 , , , 43297 765 10 it -PRON- PRP 43297 765 11 is be VBZ 43297 765 12 extremely extremely RB 43297 765 13 difficult difficult JJ 43297 765 14 to to TO 43297 765 15 ascertain ascertain VB 43297 765 16 whether whether IN 43297 765 17 pure pure JJ 43297 765 18 china china NNP 43297 765 19 clay clay NNP 43297 765 20 or or CC 43297 765 21 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 765 22 is be VBZ 43297 765 23 crystalline crystalline JJ 43297 765 24 or or CC 43297 765 25 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 765 26 . . . 43297 766 1 Johnson Johnson NNP 43297 766 2 and and CC 43297 766 3 Blake Blake NNP 43297 766 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 766 5 21 21 CD 43297 766 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 766 7 found find VBD 43297 766 8 that that IN 43297 766 9 all all PDT 43297 766 10 the the DT 43297 766 11 specimens specimen NNS 43297 766 12 they -PRON- PRP 43297 766 13 examined examine VBD 43297 766 14 ' ' '' 43297 766 15 consisted consist VBN 43297 766 16 largely largely RB 43297 766 17 of of IN 43297 766 18 hexagonal hexagonal JJ 43297 766 19 plates plate NNS 43297 766 20 ' ' POS 43297 766 21 and and CC 43297 766 22 that that IN 43297 766 23 in in IN 43297 766 24 most most JJS 43297 766 25 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 766 26 ' ' POS 43297 766 27 these these DT 43297 766 28 plates plate NNS 43297 766 29 are be VBP 43297 766 30 abundant abundant JJ 43297 766 31 -- -- : 43297 766 32 evidently evidently RB 43297 766 33 constituting constitute VBG 43297 766 34 the the DT 43297 766 35 bulk bulk NN 43297 766 36 of of IN 43297 766 37 the the DT 43297 766 38 substance substance NN 43297 766 39 . . . 43297 766 40 ' ' '' 43297 767 1 This this DT 43297 767 2 observation observation NN 43297 767 3 is be VBZ 43297 767 4 contrary contrary JJ 43297 767 5 to to IN 43297 767 6 the the DT 43297 767 7 experience experience NN 43297 767 8 of of IN 43297 767 9 most most JJS 43297 767 10 investigators investigator NNS 43297 767 11 , , , 43297 767 12 the the DT 43297 767 13 majority majority NN 43297 767 14 of of IN 43297 767 15 whom whom WP 43297 767 16 have have VBP 43297 767 17 found find VBN 43297 767 18 the the DT 43297 767 19 bulk bulk NN 43297 767 20 of of IN 43297 767 21 the the DT 43297 767 22 material material NN 43297 767 23 to to TO 43297 767 24 be be VB 43297 767 25 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 767 26 and and CC 43297 767 27 sponge sponge JJ 43297 767 28 - - HYPH 43297 767 29 like like JJ 43297 767 30 , , , 43297 767 31 but but CC 43297 767 32 a a DT 43297 767 33 small small JJ 43297 767 34 portion portion NN 43297 767 35 of of IN 43297 767 36 it -PRON- PRP 43297 767 37 to to TO 43297 767 38 consist consist VB 43297 767 39 of of IN 43297 767 40 hexagonal hexagonal JJ 43297 767 41 or or CC 43297 767 42 rhombic rhombic JJ 43297 767 43 crystals crystal NNS 43297 767 44 . . . 43297 768 1 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 768 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 768 3 22 22 CD 43297 768 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 768 5 has have VBZ 43297 768 6 proposed propose VBN 43297 768 7 the the DT 43297 768 8 name name NN 43297 768 9 _ _ NNP 43297 768 10 clayite clayite NN 43297 768 11 _ _ NNP 43297 768 12 for for IN 43297 768 13 this this DT 43297 768 14 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 768 15 material material NN 43297 768 16 , , , 43297 768 17 the the DT 43297 768 18 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 768 19 portion portion NN 43297 768 20 being be VBG 43297 768 21 termed term VBN 43297 768 22 _ _ NNP 43297 768 23 kaolinite kaolinite NN 43297 768 24 _ _ NNP 43297 768 25 as as IN 43297 768 26 suggested suggest VBN 43297 768 27 by by IN 43297 768 28 Johnson Johnson NNP 43297 768 29 and and CC 43297 768 30 Blake Blake NNP 43297 768 31 . . . 43297 769 1 Both both DT 43297 769 2 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 769 3 ( ( -LRB- 43297 769 4 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 769 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 769 6 and and CC 43297 769 7 clayite clayite NNP 43297 769 8 ( ( -LRB- 43297 769 9 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 769 10 ) ) -RRB- 43297 769 11 yield yield VB 43297 769 12 the the DT 43297 769 13 same same JJ 43297 769 14 results result NNS 43297 769 15 on on IN 43297 769 16 analysis analysis NN 43297 769 17 and and CC 43297 769 18 correspond correspond VB 43297 769 19 very very RB 43297 769 20 closely closely RB 43297 769 21 to to IN 43297 769 22 the the DT 43297 769 23 formula formula NN 43297 769 24 H4Al2Si2O9 H4Al2Si2O9 NNS 43297 769 25 or or CC 43297 769 26 Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O NNS 43297 769 27 , , , 43297 769 28 so so IN 43297 769 29 that that IN 43297 769 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 769 31 is be VBZ 43297 769 32 most most RBS 43297 769 33 probable probable JJ 43297 769 34 that that IN 43297 769 35 they -PRON- PRP 43297 769 36 are be VBP 43297 769 37 the the DT 43297 769 38 same same JJ 43297 769 39 substance substance NN 43297 769 40 in in IN 43297 769 41 different different JJ 43297 769 42 physical physical JJ 43297 769 43 states state NNS 43297 769 44 . . . 43297 770 1 According accord VBG 43297 770 2 to to IN 43297 770 3 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 770 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 770 5 36 36 CD 43297 770 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 770 7 the the DT 43297 770 8 general general JJ 43297 770 9 impression impression NN 43297 770 10 that that IN 43297 770 11 the the DT 43297 770 12 particles particle NNS 43297 770 13 of of IN 43297 770 14 china china NNP 43297 770 15 clay clay NNP 43297 770 16 are be VBP 43297 770 17 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 770 18 is be VBZ 43297 770 19 due due JJ 43297 770 20 to to IN 43297 770 21 the the DT 43297 770 22 use use NN 43297 770 23 of of IN 43297 770 24 microscopes microscope NNS 43297 770 25 of of IN 43297 770 26 insufficient insufficient JJ 43297 770 27 power power NN 43297 770 28 . . . 43297 771 1 With with IN 43297 771 2 an an DT 43297 771 3 improved improve VBN 43297 771 4 instrument instrument NN 43297 771 5 , , , 43297 771 6 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 771 7 claims claim VBZ 43297 771 8 to to TO 43297 771 9 have have VB 43297 771 10 identified identify VBN 43297 771 11 the the DT 43297 771 12 ' ' `` 43297 771 13 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 771 14 ' ' '' 43297 771 15 portion portion NN 43297 771 16 of of IN 43297 771 17 china china NNP 43297 771 18 clay clay NNP 43297 771 19 with with IN 43297 771 20 crystalline crystalline NNP 43297 771 21 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 771 22 , , , 43297 771 23 the the DT 43297 771 24 clay clay NN 43297 771 25 particles particle NNS 43297 771 26 ( ( -LRB- 43297 771 27 fig fig NN 43297 771 28 . . . 43297 772 1 17 17 LS 43297 772 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 772 3 being be VBG 43297 772 4 in in IN 43297 772 5 the the DT 43297 772 6 form form NN 43297 772 7 of of IN 43297 772 8 irregular irregular JJ 43297 772 9 , , , 43297 772 10 curved curved JJ 43297 772 11 , , , 43297 772 12 hexagonal hexagonal JJ 43297 772 13 prisms prism NNS 43297 772 14 or or CC 43297 772 15 in in IN 43297 772 16 isolated isolated JJ 43297 772 17 plates plate NNS 43297 772 18 . . . 43297 773 1 The the DT 43297 773 2 former former JJ 43297 773 3 show show NN 43297 773 4 strong strong JJ 43297 773 5 transverse transverse JJ 43297 773 6 cleavages cleavage NNS 43297 773 7 . . . 43297 774 1 The the DT 43297 774 2 index index NN 43297 774 3 of of IN 43297 774 4 refraction refraction NN 43297 774 5 and and CC 43297 774 6 that that IN 43297 774 7 of of IN 43297 774 8 double double JJ 43297 774 9 refraction refraction NN 43297 774 10 agree agree VBP 43297 774 11 with with IN 43297 774 12 those those DT 43297 774 13 of of IN 43297 774 14 Anglesea Anglesea NNP 43297 774 15 kaolinite kaolinite NN 43297 774 16 crystals crystal NNS 43297 774 17 , , , 43297 774 18 as as IN 43297 774 19 does do VBZ 43297 774 20 the the DT 43297 774 21 specific specific JJ 43297 774 22 gravity gravity NN 43297 774 23 . . . 43297 775 1 In in IN 43297 775 2 spite spite NN 43297 775 3 of of IN 43297 775 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 775 5 great great JJ 43297 775 6 purity purity NN 43297 775 7 , , , 43297 775 8 commercial commercial JJ 43297 775 9 china china NNP 43297 775 10 clays clay NNS 43297 775 11 and and CC 43297 775 12 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 775 13 are be VBP 43297 775 14 almost almost RB 43297 775 15 devoid devoid JJ 43297 775 16 of of IN 43297 775 17 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 775 18 , , , 43297 775 19 nor nor CC 43297 775 20 can can MD 43297 775 21 this this DT 43297 775 22 property property NN 43297 775 23 be be VB 43297 775 24 greatly greatly RB 43297 775 25 increased increase VBN 43297 775 26 by by IN 43297 775 27 any any DT 43297 775 28 artificial artificial JJ 43297 775 29 treatment treatment NN 43297 775 30 . . . 43297 776 1 This this DT 43297 776 2 has have VBZ 43297 776 3 led lead VBN 43297 776 4 to to IN 43297 776 5 the the DT 43297 776 6 conclusion conclusion NN 43297 776 7 that that IN 43297 776 8 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 776 9 is be VBZ 43297 776 10 not not RB 43297 776 11 an an DT 43297 776 12 essential essential JJ 43297 776 13 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 776 14 of of IN 43297 776 15 the the DT 43297 776 16 clayite clayite NNP 43297 776 17 or or CC 43297 776 18 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 776 19 molecules molecule NNS 43297 776 20 , , , 43297 776 21 but but CC 43297 776 22 is be VBZ 43297 776 23 due due JJ 43297 776 24 to to IN 43297 776 25 physical physical JJ 43297 776 26 causes cause NNS 43297 776 27 not not RB 43297 776 28 shown show VBN 43297 776 29 by by IN 43297 776 30 any any DT 43297 776 31 investigation investigation NN 43297 776 32 of of IN 43297 776 33 the the DT 43297 776 34 chemical chemical JJ 43297 776 35 composition composition NN 43297 776 36 of of IN 43297 776 37 the the DT 43297 776 38 material material NN 43297 776 39 . . . 43297 777 1 In in IN 43297 777 2 addition addition NN 43297 777 3 to to IN 43297 777 4 the the DT 43297 777 5 specially specially RB 43297 777 6 purified purify VBN 43297 777 7 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 777 8 just just RB 43297 777 9 described describe VBN 43297 777 10 , , , 43297 777 11 alkaline alkaline NNP 43297 777 12 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 777 13 , , , 43297 777 14 siliceous siliceous JJ 43297 777 15 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 777 16 and and CC 43297 777 17 ferruginous ferruginous JJ 43297 777 18 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 777 19 are be VBP 43297 777 20 obtained obtain VBN 43297 777 21 from from IN 43297 777 22 less less JJR 43297 777 23 pure pure JJ 43297 777 24 rocks rock NNS 43297 777 25 and and CC 43297 777 26 do do VBP 43297 777 27 not not RB 43297 777 28 undergo undergo VB 43297 777 29 so so RB 43297 777 30 thorough thorough JJ 43297 777 31 a a DT 43297 777 32 treatment treatment NN 43297 777 33 with with IN 43297 777 34 water water NN 43297 777 35 . . . 43297 778 1 Some some DT 43297 778 2 of of IN 43297 778 3 these these DT 43297 778 4 varieties variety NNS 43297 778 5 are be VBP 43297 778 6 not not RB 43297 778 7 improbably improbably RB 43297 778 8 derived derive VBN 43297 778 9 from from IN 43297 778 10 transported transport VBN 43297 778 11 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 778 12 , , , 43297 778 13 as as IN 43297 778 14 they -PRON- PRP 43297 778 15 occur occur VBP 43297 778 16 in in IN 43297 778 17 Tertiary tertiary JJ 43297 778 18 strata strata NN 43297 778 19 , , , 43297 778 20 and and CC 43297 778 21 so so RB 43297 778 22 bear bear VB 43297 778 23 some some DT 43297 778 24 resemblance resemblance NN 43297 778 25 to to IN 43297 778 26 the the DT 43297 778 27 white white NNP 43297 778 28 fireclays fireclay VBZ 43297 778 29 on on IN 43297 778 30 the the DT 43297 778 31 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 43297 778 32 limestone limestone NN 43297 778 33 of of IN 43297 778 34 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 778 35 , , , 43297 778 36 Derbyshire Derbyshire NNP 43297 778 37 and and CC 43297 778 38 North North NNP 43297 778 39 Wales Wales NNP 43297 778 40 , , , 43297 778 41 though though IN 43297 778 42 the the DT 43297 778 43 latter latter JJ 43297 778 44 are be VBP 43297 778 45 far far RB 43297 778 46 more more RBR 43297 778 47 plastic plastic NN 43297 778 48 . . . 43297 779 1 To to TO 43297 779 2 be be VB 43297 779 3 of of IN 43297 779 4 value value NN 43297 779 5 , , , 43297 779 6 a a DT 43297 779 7 china china NNP 43297 779 8 clay clay NNP 43297 779 9 or or CC 43297 779 10 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 779 11 must must MD 43297 779 12 be be VB 43297 779 13 as as RB 43297 779 14 white white JJ 43297 779 15 as as IN 43297 779 16 possible possible JJ 43297 779 17 and and CC 43297 779 18 must must MD 43297 779 19 be be VB 43297 779 20 free free JJ 43297 779 21 from from IN 43297 779 22 more more JJR 43297 779 23 than than IN 43297 779 24 an an DT 43297 779 25 insignificant insignificant JJ 43297 779 26 percentage percentage NN 43297 779 27 of of IN 43297 779 28 metallic metallic JJ 43297 779 29 oxides oxide NNS 43297 779 30 which which WDT 43297 779 31 will will MD 43297 779 32 produce produce VB 43297 779 33 a a DT 43297 779 34 colour colour NN 43297 779 35 when when WRB 43297 779 36 the the DT 43297 779 37 clay clay NN 43297 779 38 is be VBZ 43297 779 39 heated heat VBN 43297 779 40 to to IN 43297 779 41 bright bright JJ 43297 779 42 redness redness NN 43297 779 43 . . . 43297 780 1 If if IN 43297 780 2 the the DT 43297 780 3 material material NN 43297 780 4 is be VBZ 43297 780 5 to to TO 43297 780 6 be be VB 43297 780 7 used use VBN 43297 780 8 in in IN 43297 780 9 the the DT 43297 780 10 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 780 11 of of IN 43297 780 12 paper paper NN 43297 780 13 , , , 43297 780 14 paint paint NN 43297 780 15 or or CC 43297 780 16 ultra ultra JJ 43297 780 17 - - JJ 43297 780 18 marine marine JJ 43297 780 19 , , , 43297 780 20 these these DT 43297 780 21 colour colour NN 43297 780 22 - - HYPH 43297 780 23 producing produce VBG 43297 780 24 oxides oxide NNS 43297 780 25 are be VBP 43297 780 26 of of IN 43297 780 27 less less JJR 43297 780 28 importance importance NN 43297 780 29 providing provide VBG 43297 780 30 that that IN 43297 780 31 the the DT 43297 780 32 clay clay NN 43297 780 33 is be VBZ 43297 780 34 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 780 35 white white JJ 43297 780 36 in in IN 43297 780 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 780 38 commercial commercial JJ 43297 780 39 state state NN 43297 780 40 . . . 43297 781 1 The the DT 43297 781 2 manufacturer manufacturer NN 43297 781 3 of of IN 43297 781 4 china china NNP 43297 781 5 - - HYPH 43297 781 6 ware ware NNP 43297 781 7 and and CC 43297 781 8 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 781 9 requires require VBZ 43297 781 10 china china NNP 43297 781 11 clay clay NNP 43297 781 12 or or CC 43297 781 13 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 781 14 which which WDT 43297 781 15 , , , 43297 781 16 in in IN 43297 781 17 addition addition NN 43297 781 18 to to IN 43297 781 19 the the DT 43297 781 20 foregoing foregoing JJ 43297 781 21 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 781 22 , , , 43297 781 23 shall shall MD 43297 781 24 be be VB 43297 781 25 highly highly RB 43297 781 26 refractory refractory JJ 43297 781 27 . . . 43297 782 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 782 2 must must MD 43297 782 3 , , , 43297 782 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 782 5 , , , 43297 782 6 be be VB 43297 782 7 free free JJ 43297 782 8 from from IN 43297 782 9 more more JJR 43297 782 10 than than IN 43297 782 11 about about RB 43297 782 12 2 2 CD 43297 782 13 per per NN 43297 782 14 cent cent NN 43297 782 15 . . . 43297 783 1 of of IN 43297 783 2 lime lime NNP 43297 783 3 , , , 43297 783 4 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 783 5 , , , 43297 783 6 soda soda NNP 43297 783 7 , , , 43297 783 8 potash potash NN 43297 783 9 , , , 43297 783 10 titanic titanic JJ 43297 783 11 acid acid NN 43297 783 12 and and CC 43297 783 13 other other JJ 43297 783 14 fluxes flux NNS 43297 783 15 . . . 43297 784 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 784 2 is be VBZ 43297 784 3 a a DT 43297 784 4 mistake mistake NN 43297 784 5 to to TO 43297 784 6 suppose suppose VB 43297 784 7 that that IN 43297 784 8 all all DT 43297 784 9 white white JJ 43297 784 10 clays clay NNS 43297 784 11 of of IN 43297 784 12 slight slight JJ 43297 784 13 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 784 14 are be VBP 43297 784 15 china china NNP 43297 784 16 clays clay NNS 43297 784 17 or or CC 43297 784 18 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 784 19 . . . 43297 785 1 Some some DT 43297 785 2 _ _ NNP 43297 785 3 pipe pipe NN 43297 785 4 clays clay NNS 43297 785 5 _ _ NNP 43297 785 6 have have VBP 43297 785 7 these these DT 43297 785 8 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 785 9 , , , 43297 785 10 but but CC 43297 785 11 they -PRON- PRP 43297 785 12 contain contain VBP 43297 785 13 so so RB 43297 785 14 large large JJ 43297 785 15 a a DT 43297 785 16 proportion proportion NN 43297 785 17 of of IN 43297 785 18 impurities impurity NNS 43297 785 19 as as IN 43297 785 20 to to TO 43297 785 21 be be VB 43297 785 22 useless useless JJ 43297 785 23 for for IN 43297 785 24 the the DT 43297 785 25 purposes purpose NNS 43297 785 26 for for IN 43297 785 27 which which WDT 43297 785 28 china china NNP 43297 785 29 clay clay NNP 43297 785 30 is be VBZ 43297 785 31 employed employ VBN 43297 785 32 and and CC 43297 785 33 are be VBP 43297 785 34 consequently consequently RB 43297 785 35 of of IN 43297 785 36 small small JJ 43297 785 37 value value NN 43297 785 38 . . . 43297 786 1 Users user NNS 43297 786 2 of of IN 43297 786 3 china china NNP 43297 786 4 clays clay NNS 43297 786 5 and and CC 43297 786 6 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 786 7 generally generally RB 43297 786 8 find find VBP 43297 786 9 it -PRON- PRP 43297 786 10 necessary necessary JJ 43297 786 11 to to TO 43297 786 12 carry carry VB 43297 786 13 out out RP 43297 786 14 a a DT 43297 786 15 lengthy lengthy JJ 43297 786 16 series series NN 43297 786 17 of of IN 43297 786 18 tests test NNS 43297 786 19 before before IN 43297 786 20 accepting accept VBG 43297 786 21 material material NN 43297 786 22 from from IN 43297 786 23 a a DT 43297 786 24 new new JJ 43297 786 25 source source NN 43297 786 26 , , , 43297 786 27 as as IN 43297 786 28 such such PDT 43297 786 29 a a DT 43297 786 30 material material NN 43297 786 31 may may MD 43297 786 32 possess possess VB 43297 786 33 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 786 34 not not RB 43297 786 35 readily readily RB 43297 786 36 shown show VBN 43297 786 37 by by IN 43297 786 38 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 786 39 methods method NNS 43297 786 40 of of IN 43297 786 41 analysis analysis NN 43297 786 42 , , , 43297 786 43 but but CC 43297 786 44 which which WDT 43297 786 45 are be VBP 43297 786 46 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 786 47 active active JJ 43297 786 48 to to TO 43297 786 49 make make VB 43297 786 50 it -PRON- PRP 43297 786 51 useless useless JJ 43297 786 52 for for IN 43297 786 53 certain certain JJ 43297 786 54 purposes purpose NNS 43297 786 55 ( ( -LRB- 43297 786 56 see see VB 43297 786 57 p. p. NN 43297 786 58 143 143 CD 43297 786 59 ) ) -RRB- 43297 786 60 . . . 43297 787 1 = = NFP 43297 787 2 Pottery pottery NN 43297 787 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 787 4 are be VBP 43297 787 5 , , , 43297 787 6 as as IN 43297 787 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 787 8 name name NN 43297 787 9 implies imply VBZ 43297 787 10 , , , 43297 787 11 those those DT 43297 787 12 used use VBN 43297 787 13 in in IN 43297 787 14 the the DT 43297 787 15 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 787 16 of of IN 43297 787 17 pottery pottery NN 43297 787 18 , , , 43297 787 19 and and CC 43297 787 20 comprise comprise VB 43297 787 21 the the DT 43297 787 22 china china NNP 43297 787 23 clays clay NNS 43297 787 24 already already RB 43297 787 25 mentioned mention VBN 43297 787 26 ( ( -LRB- 43297 787 27 p. p. NN 43297 787 28 104 104 CD 43297 787 29 ) ) -RRB- 43297 787 30 , , , 43297 787 31 the the DT 43297 787 32 ball ball NN 43297 787 33 clays clay NNS 43297 787 34 and and CC 43297 787 35 the the DT 43297 787 36 less less RBR 43297 787 37 pure pure JJ 43297 787 38 clays clay NNS 43297 787 39 used use VBN 43297 787 40 in in IN 43297 787 41 the the DT 43297 787 42 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 787 43 of of IN 43297 787 44 coarse coarse JJ 43297 787 45 red red JJ 43297 787 46 ware ware NN 43297 787 47 , , , 43297 787 48 flower flower NN 43297 787 49 pots pot NNS 43297 787 50 , , , 43297 787 51 etc etc FW 43297 787 52 . . . 43297 788 1 The the DT 43297 788 2 _ _ NNP 43297 788 3 china china NNP 43297 788 4 clays clay NNS 43297 788 5 _ _ NNP 43297 788 6 ( ( -LRB- 43297 788 7 p. p. NN 43297 788 8 104 104 CD 43297 788 9 ) ) -RRB- 43297 788 10 are be VBP 43297 788 11 not not RB 43297 788 12 used use VBN 43297 788 13 alone alone RB 43297 788 14 in in IN 43297 788 15 pottery pottery NN 43297 788 16 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 788 17 as as IN 43297 788 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 788 19 lack lack VBP 43297 788 20 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 788 21 and and CC 43297 788 22 cohesion cohesion NN 43297 788 23 . . . 43297 789 1 In in IN 43297 789 2 the the DT 43297 789 3 production production NN 43297 789 4 of of IN 43297 789 5 china china NNP 43297 789 6 - - HYPH 43297 789 7 ware ware NNP 43297 789 8 or or CC 43297 789 9 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 789 10 they -PRON- PRP 43297 789 11 are be VBP 43297 789 12 mixed mix VBN 43297 789 13 with with IN 43297 789 14 a a DT 43297 789 15 fluxing fluxing JJ 43297 789 16 material material NN 43297 789 17 such such JJ 43297 789 18 as as IN 43297 789 19 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 789 20 stone stone NN 43297 789 21 , , , 43297 789 22 pegmatite pegmatite NN 43297 789 23 , , , 43297 789 24 or or CC 43297 789 25 felspar felspar NNS 43297 789 26 , , , 43297 789 27 together together RB 43297 789 28 with with IN 43297 789 29 quartz quartz NN 43297 789 30 or or CC 43297 789 31 bone bone NN 43297 789 32 ash ash NN 43297 789 33 . . . 43297 790 1 Thus thus RB 43297 790 2 , , , 43297 790 3 English English NNP 43297 790 4 china china NNP 43297 790 5 ware ware NNP 43297 790 6 is be VBZ 43297 790 7 produced produce VBN 43297 790 8 from from IN 43297 790 9 a a DT 43297 790 10 mixture mixture NN 43297 790 11 of of IN 43297 790 12 approximately approximately RB 43297 790 13 equal equal JJ 43297 790 14 parts part NNS 43297 790 15 of of IN 43297 790 16 bone bone NN 43297 790 17 ash ash NNP 43297 790 18 , , , 43297 790 19 china china NNP 43297 790 20 clay clay NNP 43297 790 21 and and CC 43297 790 22 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 790 23 stone stone NN 43297 790 24 , , , 43297 790 25 whilst whilst IN 43297 790 26 felspathic felspathic JJ 43297 790 27 or or CC 43297 790 28 hard hard JJ 43297 790 29 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 790 30 is be VBZ 43297 790 31 made make VBN 43297 790 32 from from IN 43297 790 33 a a DT 43297 790 34 mixture mixture NN 43297 790 35 of of IN 43297 790 36 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 790 37 , , , 43297 790 38 felspar felspar NNP 43297 790 39 and and CC 43297 790 40 quartz quartz NN 43297 790 41 , , , 43297 790 42 a a DT 43297 790 43 little little JJ 43297 790 44 chalk chalk NN 43297 790 45 being be VBG 43297 790 46 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 790 47 added add VBN 43297 790 48 . . . 43297 791 1 The the DT 43297 791 2 _ _ NNP 43297 791 3 ball ball NN 43297 791 4 clays clay VBZ 43297 791 5 _ _ NNP 43297 791 6 ( ( -LRB- 43297 791 7 p. p. NN 43297 791 8 64 64 CD 43297 791 9 ) ) -RRB- 43297 791 10 form form VBP 43297 791 11 the the DT 43297 791 12 basis basis NN 43297 791 13 of of IN 43297 791 14 most most JJS 43297 791 15 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 791 16 pottery pottery NN 43297 791 17 , , , 43297 791 18 though though IN 43297 791 19 some some DT 43297 791 20 china china NNP 43297 791 21 clay clay NN 43297 791 22 is be VBZ 43297 791 23 usually usually RB 43297 791 24 added add VBN 43297 791 25 in in IN 43297 791 26 order order NN 43297 791 27 to to TO 43297 791 28 produce produce VB 43297 791 29 a a DT 43297 791 30 whiter whiter NN 43297 791 31 ware ware NN 43297 791 32 . . . 43297 792 1 Flint Flint NNP 43297 792 2 is be VBZ 43297 792 3 added add VBN 43297 792 4 to to TO 43297 792 5 reduce reduce VB 43297 792 6 the the DT 43297 792 7 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 792 8 -- -- : 43297 792 9 which which WDT 43297 792 10 would would MD 43297 792 11 otherwise otherwise RB 43297 792 12 be be VB 43297 792 13 inconveniently inconveniently RB 43297 792 14 great great JJ 43297 792 15 -- -- : 43297 792 16 and and CC 43297 792 17 the the DT 43297 792 18 strength strength NN 43297 792 19 of of IN 43297 792 20 the the DT 43297 792 21 finished finished JJ 43297 792 22 ware ware NN 43297 792 23 is be VBZ 43297 792 24 increased increase VBN 43297 792 25 , , , 43297 792 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 792 27 texture texture NN 43297 792 28 is be VBZ 43297 792 29 rendered render VBN 43297 792 30 closer close JJR 43297 792 31 and and CC 43297 792 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 792 33 capability capability NN 43297 792 34 of of IN 43297 792 35 emitting emit VBG 43297 792 36 a a DT 43297 792 37 ringing ring VBG 43297 792 38 sound sound NN 43297 792 39 when when WRB 43297 792 40 struck strike VBN 43297 792 41 are be VBP 43297 792 42 produced produce VBN 43297 792 43 by by IN 43297 792 44 the the DT 43297 792 45 inclusion inclusion NN 43297 792 46 of of IN 43297 792 47 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 792 48 stone stone NN 43297 792 49 or or CC 43297 792 50 felspar felspar NNS 43297 792 51 in in IN 43297 792 52 the the DT 43297 792 53 mixture mixture NN 43297 792 54 . . . 43297 793 1 Small small JJ 43297 793 2 quantities quantity NNS 43297 793 3 of of IN 43297 793 4 cobalt cobalt NN 43297 793 5 oxide oxide NN 43297 793 6 are be VBP 43297 793 7 also also RB 43297 793 8 added add VBN 43297 793 9 to to TO 43297 793 10 improve improve VB 43297 793 11 the the DT 43297 793 12 whiteness whiteness NN 43297 793 13 in in IN 43297 793 14 the the DT 43297 793 15 better well JJR 43297 793 16 classes class NNS 43297 793 17 of of IN 43297 793 18 ware ware NN 43297 793 19 . . . 43297 794 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 794 2 Illustration illustration NN 43297 794 3 : : : 43297 794 4 Fig Fig NNP 43297 794 5 . . . 43297 795 1 18 18 CD 43297 795 2 . . . 43297 796 1 Mining mining NN 43297 796 2 best well RBS 43297 796 3 Potter Potter NNP 43297 796 4 's 's POS 43297 796 5 clay clay NN 43297 796 6 in in IN 43297 796 7 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 796 8 . . . 43297 797 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 797 2 _ _ NNP 43297 797 3 Photo Photo NNP 43297 797 4 by by IN 43297 797 5 Mr Mr NNP 43297 797 6 G. G. NNP 43297 797 7 Bishop Bishop NNP 43297 797 8 . . . 43297 797 9 _ _ NNP 43297 797 10 ) ) -RRB- 43297 797 11 ] ] -RRB- 43297 797 12 The the DT 43297 797 13 ball ball NN 43297 797 14 clays clay NNS 43297 797 15 are be VBP 43297 797 16 characterised characterise VBN 43297 797 17 by by IN 43297 797 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 797 19 remarkably remarkably RB 43297 797 20 high high JJ 43297 797 21 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 797 22 , , , 43297 797 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 797 24 fine fine JJ 43297 797 25 texture texture NN 43297 797 26 and and CC 43297 797 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 797 28 freedom freedom NN 43297 797 29 from from IN 43297 797 30 grit grit NN 43297 797 31 . . . 43297 798 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 798 2 are be VBP 43297 798 3 by by IN 43297 798 4 no no DT 43297 798 5 means means NN 43297 798 6 so so RB 43297 798 7 pure pure JJ 43297 798 8 as as IN 43297 798 9 the the DT 43297 798 10 china china NNP 43297 798 11 clays clay NNS 43297 798 12 , , , 43297 798 13 and and CC 43297 798 14 unless unless IN 43297 798 15 carefully carefully RB 43297 798 16 selected select VBN 43297 798 17 can can MD 43297 798 18 only only RB 43297 798 19 be be VB 43297 798 20 used use VBN 43297 798 21 for for IN 43297 798 22 common common JJ 43297 798 23 ware ware NN 43297 798 24 . . . 43297 799 1 The the DT 43297 799 2 better well JJR 43297 799 3 qualities quality NNS 43297 799 4 burn burn VBP 43297 799 5 to to IN 43297 799 6 a a DT 43297 799 7 vitrified vitrified JJ 43297 799 8 mass mass NN 43297 799 9 of of IN 43297 799 10 a a DT 43297 799 11 light light JJ 43297 799 12 brownish brownish JJ 43297 799 13 tint tint NN 43297 799 14 , , , 43297 799 15 but but CC 43297 799 16 when when WRB 43297 799 17 mixed mix VBN 43297 799 18 with with IN 43297 799 19 the the DT 43297 799 20 other other JJ 43297 799 21 materials material NNS 43297 799 22 used use VBN 43297 799 23 in in IN 43297 799 24 earthenware earthenware NN 43297 799 25 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 799 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 799 27 should should MD 43297 799 28 produce produce VB 43297 799 29 a a DT 43297 799 30 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 799 31 white white JJ 43297 799 32 ware ware NN 43297 799 33 . . . 43297 800 1 The the DT 43297 800 2 inferior inferior JJ 43297 800 3 qualities quality NNS 43297 800 4 are be VBP 43297 800 5 used use VBN 43297 800 6 for for IN 43297 800 7 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 800 8 , , , 43297 800 9 drain drain VB 43297 800 10 pipes pipe NNS 43297 800 11 , , , 43297 800 12 etc etc FW 43297 800 13 . . . 43297 801 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 801 2 should should MD 43297 801 3 be be VB 43297 801 4 noted note VBN 43297 801 5 that that IN 43297 801 6 the the DT 43297 801 7 term term NN 43297 801 8 ' ' `` 43297 801 9 ball ball NN 43297 801 10 clay clay NN 43297 801 11 ' ' '' 43297 801 12 is be VBZ 43297 801 13 used use VBN 43297 801 14 for for IN 43297 801 15 clays clay NNS 43297 801 16 of of IN 43297 801 17 widely widely RB 43297 801 18 differing differ VBG 43297 801 19 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 801 20 though though IN 43297 801 21 all all DT 43297 801 22 obtained obtain VBN 43297 801 23 from from IN 43297 801 24 one one CD 43297 801 25 geological geological JJ 43297 801 26 formation formation NN 43297 801 27 ; ; : 43297 801 28 when when WRB 43297 801 29 ordering order VBG 43297 801 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 801 31 is be VBZ 43297 801 32 necessary necessary JJ 43297 801 33 to to TO 43297 801 34 state state VB 43297 801 35 the the DT 43297 801 36 purpose purpose NN 43297 801 37 for for IN 43297 801 38 which which WDT 43297 801 39 the the DT 43297 801 40 clay clay NN 43297 801 41 is be VBZ 43297 801 42 required require VBN 43297 801 43 or or CC 43297 801 44 an an DT 43297 801 45 entirely entirely RB 43297 801 46 unsuitable unsuitable JJ 43297 801 47 material material NN 43297 801 48 may may MD 43297 801 49 be be VB 43297 801 50 supplied supply VBN 43297 801 51 . . . 43297 802 1 For for IN 43297 802 2 the the DT 43297 802 3 same same JJ 43297 802 4 reason reason NN 43297 802 5 , , , 43297 802 6 great great JJ 43297 802 7 care care NN 43297 802 8 is be VBZ 43297 802 9 needed need VBN 43297 802 10 in in IN 43297 802 11 any any DT 43297 802 12 endeavour endeavour NN 43297 802 13 to to TO 43297 802 14 sell sell VB 43297 802 15 a a DT 43297 802 16 ball ball NN 43297 802 17 clay clay NN 43297 802 18 from from IN 43297 802 19 an an DT 43297 802 20 hitherto hitherto NNP 43297 802 21 unworked unworked JJ 43297 802 22 deposit deposit NN 43297 802 23 . . . 43297 803 1 _ _ NNP 43297 803 2 Coarse Coarse NNP 43297 803 3 pottery pottery NN 43297 803 4 clays_[11 clays_[11 NN 43297 803 5 ] ] -RRB- 43297 803 6 are be VBP 43297 803 7 usually usually RB 43297 803 8 found find VBN 43297 803 9 near near IN 43297 803 10 the the DT 43297 803 11 surface surface NN 43297 803 12 and and CC 43297 803 13 whilst whilst IN 43297 803 14 they -PRON- PRP 43297 803 15 may may MD 43297 803 16 be be VB 43297 803 17 derived derive VBN 43297 803 18 from from IN 43297 803 19 any any DT 43297 803 20 geological geological JJ 43297 803 21 formation formation NN 43297 803 22 , , , 43297 803 23 those those DT 43297 803 24 most most RBS 43297 803 25 used use VBN 43297 803 26 in in IN 43297 803 27 England England NNP 43297 803 28 are be VBP 43297 803 29 of of IN 43297 803 30 Triassic Triassic NNP 43297 803 31 or or CC 43297 803 32 Permian permian JJ 43297 803 33 origin origin NN 43297 803 34 , , , 43297 803 35 though though IN 43297 803 36 some some DT 43297 803 37 small small JJ 43297 803 38 potteries pottery NNS 43297 803 39 use use VBP 43297 803 40 material material NN 43297 803 41 of of IN 43297 803 42 other other JJ 43297 803 43 periods period NNS 43297 803 44 , , , 43297 803 45 including include VBG 43297 803 46 alluvial alluvial JJ 43297 803 47 or or CC 43297 803 48 surface surface NN 43297 803 49 clays clay NNS 43297 803 50 . . . 43297 804 1 These these DT 43297 804 2 clays clay NNS 43297 804 3 are be VBP 43297 804 4 closely closely RB 43297 804 5 allied allied JJ 43297 804 6 to to IN 43297 804 7 those those DT 43297 804 8 used use VBN 43297 804 9 for for IN 43297 804 10 brickmaking brickmaking NN 43297 804 11 , , , 43297 804 12 but but CC 43297 804 13 are be VBP 43297 804 14 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 804 15 finer fine JJR 43297 804 16 in in IN 43297 804 17 texture texture NN 43297 804 18 and and CC 43297 804 19 more more JJR 43297 804 20 plastic plastic NN 43297 804 21 . . . 43297 805 1 In in IN 43297 805 2 some some DT 43297 805 3 cases case NNS 43297 805 4 they -PRON- PRP 43297 805 5 are be VBP 43297 805 6 prepared prepare VBN 43297 805 7 from from IN 43297 805 8 brick brick NN 43297 805 9 clays clay NNS 43297 805 10 by by IN 43297 805 11 treating treat VBG 43297 805 12 the the DT 43297 805 13 latter latter JJ 43297 805 14 in in IN 43297 805 15 a a DT 43297 805 16 wash wash NN 43297 805 17 - - HYPH 43297 805 18 mill mill NN 43297 805 19 , , , 43297 805 20 the the DT 43297 805 21 coarser coarser NN 43297 805 22 particles particle NNS 43297 805 23 being be VBG 43297 805 24 then then RB 43297 805 25 removed remove VBN 43297 805 26 , , , 43297 805 27 whilst whilst IN 43297 805 28 the the DT 43297 805 29 finer fine JJR 43297 805 30 ones one NNS 43297 805 31 , , , 43297 805 32 in in IN 43297 805 33 the the DT 43297 805 34 state state NN 43297 805 35 of of IN 43297 805 36 a a DT 43297 805 37 slip slip NN 43297 805 38 or or CC 43297 805 39 slurry slurry NN 43297 805 40 , , , 43297 805 41 are be VBP 43297 805 42 run run VBN 43297 805 43 into into IN 43297 805 44 a a DT 43297 805 45 settling settle VBG 43297 805 46 tank tank NN 43297 805 47 and and CC 43297 805 48 are be VBP 43297 805 49 there there EX 43297 805 50 deposited deposit VBN 43297 805 51 . . . 43297 806 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 806 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 806 3 11 11 CD 43297 806 4 : : : 43297 806 5 Coarse coarse JJ 43297 806 6 pottery pottery NN 43297 806 7 has have VBZ 43297 806 8 been be VBN 43297 806 9 defined define VBN 43297 806 10 as as IN 43297 806 11 that that DT 43297 806 12 made make VBN 43297 806 13 from from IN 43297 806 14 natural natural JJ 43297 806 15 clay clay NN 43297 806 16 without without IN 43297 806 17 the the DT 43297 806 18 addition addition NN 43297 806 19 of of IN 43297 806 20 any any DT 43297 806 21 material material NN 43297 806 22 other other JJ 43297 806 23 than than IN 43297 806 24 sand sand NN 43297 806 25 and and CC 43297 806 26 water water NN 43297 806 27 . . . 43297 806 28 ] ] -RRB- 43297 807 1 The the DT 43297 807 2 presence presence NN 43297 807 3 of of IN 43297 807 4 a a DT 43297 807 5 considerable considerable JJ 43297 807 6 proportion proportion NN 43297 807 7 of of IN 43297 807 8 iron iron NN 43297 807 9 oxide oxide NN 43297 807 10 results result NNS 43297 807 11 in in IN 43297 807 12 the the DT 43297 807 13 formation formation NN 43297 807 14 of of IN 43297 807 15 red red JJ 43297 807 16 ware ware NN 43297 807 17 , , , 43297 807 18 which which WDT 43297 807 19 is be VBZ 43297 807 20 necessarily necessarily RB 43297 807 21 of of IN 43297 807 22 a a DT 43297 807 23 porous porous JJ 43297 807 24 nature nature NN 43297 807 25 , , , 43297 807 26 as as IN 43297 807 27 the the DT 43297 807 28 fluxes flux NNS 43297 807 29 in in IN 43297 807 30 the the DT 43297 807 31 clay clay NN 43297 807 32 are be VBP 43297 807 33 such such JJ 43297 807 34 that that IN 43297 807 35 they -PRON- PRP 43297 807 36 will will MD 43297 807 37 not not RB 43297 807 38 permit permit VB 43297 807 39 of of IN 43297 807 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 807 41 being be VBG 43297 807 42 heated heat VBN 43297 807 43 to to TO 43297 807 44 complete complete VB 43297 807 45 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 807 46 without without IN 43297 807 47 loss loss NN 43297 807 48 of of IN 43297 807 49 shape shape NN 43297 807 50 . . . 43297 808 1 To to TO 43297 808 2 render render VB 43297 808 3 it -PRON- PRP 43297 808 4 impervious impervious JJ 43297 808 5 the the DT 43297 808 6 ware ware NN 43297 808 7 is be VBZ 43297 808 8 covered cover VBN 43297 808 9 with with IN 43297 808 10 a a DT 43297 808 11 glaze glaze NN 43297 808 12 , , , 43297 808 13 usually usually RB 43297 808 14 producing produce VBG 43297 808 15 red red JJ 43297 808 16 , , , 43297 808 17 brown brown JJ 43297 808 18 or or CC 43297 808 19 black black JJ 43297 808 20 ware ware NN 43297 808 21 ( ( -LRB- 43297 808 22 Rockingham Rockingham NNP 43297 808 23 ware ware NN 43297 808 24 ) ) -RRB- 43297 808 25 . . . 43297 809 1 The the DT 43297 809 2 _ _ NNP 43297 809 3 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 809 4 _ _ NNP 43297 809 5 or or CC 43297 809 6 _ _ NNP 43297 809 7 drain drain NN 43297 809 8 - - HYPH 43297 809 9 pipe pipe NN 43297 809 10 clays clay NNS 43297 809 11 _ _ NNP 43297 809 12 , , , 43297 809 13 are be VBP 43297 809 14 the the DT 43297 809 15 most most RBS 43297 809 16 important important JJ 43297 809 17 of of IN 43297 809 18 the the DT 43297 809 19 _ _ NNP 43297 809 20 vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 809 21 clays clay NNS 43297 809 22 _ _ NNP 43297 809 23 and and CC 43297 809 24 owe owe VB 43297 809 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 809 26 value value NN 43297 809 27 to to IN 43297 809 28 the the DT 43297 809 29 fact fact NN 43297 809 30 that that IN 43297 809 31 they -PRON- PRP 43297 809 32 can can MD 43297 809 33 be be VB 43297 809 34 readily readily RB 43297 809 35 used use VBN 43297 809 36 for for IN 43297 809 37 the the DT 43297 809 38 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 809 39 of of IN 43297 809 40 impervious impervious JJ 43297 809 41 ware ware NN 43297 809 42 without without IN 43297 809 43 the the DT 43297 809 44 necessity necessity NN 43297 809 45 of of IN 43297 809 46 employing employ VBG 43297 809 47 a a DT 43297 809 48 glaze glaze NN 43297 809 49 . . . 43297 810 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 810 2 are be VBP 43297 810 3 , , , 43297 810 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 810 5 , , , 43297 810 6 used use VBN 43297 810 7 in in IN 43297 810 8 the the DT 43297 810 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 810 10 of of IN 43297 810 11 vessels vessel NNS 43297 810 12 for for IN 43297 810 13 holding hold VBG 43297 810 14 corrosive corrosive JJ 43297 810 15 liquids liquid NNS 43297 810 16 such such JJ 43297 810 17 as as IN 43297 810 18 acids acid NNS 43297 810 19 and and CC 43297 810 20 other other JJ 43297 810 21 chemicals chemical NNS 43297 810 22 , , , 43297 810 23 for for IN 43297 810 24 sanitary sanitary JJ 43297 810 25 appliances appliance NNS 43297 810 26 , , , 43297 810 27 sewerage sewerage NN 43297 810 28 pipes pipe NNS 43297 810 29 and and CC 43297 810 30 in in IN 43297 810 31 many many JJ 43297 810 32 other other JJ 43297 810 33 instances instance NNS 43297 810 34 where where WRB 43297 810 35 an an DT 43297 810 36 impervious impervious JJ 43297 810 37 material material NN 43297 810 38 is be VBZ 43297 810 39 required require VBN 43297 810 40 . . . 43297 811 1 Owing owe VBG 43297 811 2 to to IN 43297 811 3 the the DT 43297 811 4 lime lime NN 43297 811 5 , , , 43297 811 6 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 811 7 , , , 43297 811 8 potash potash NNP 43297 811 9 and and CC 43297 811 10 soda soda NN 43297 811 11 they -PRON- PRP 43297 811 12 contain contain VBP 43297 811 13 , , , 43297 811 14 the the DT 43297 811 15 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 811 16 clays clay NNS 43297 811 17 undergo undergo VBP 43297 811 18 partial partial JJ 43297 811 19 fusion fusion NN 43297 811 20 at at IN 43297 811 21 a a DT 43297 811 22 much much RB 43297 811 23 lower low JJR 43297 811 24 temperature temperature NN 43297 811 25 than than IN 43297 811 26 is be VBZ 43297 811 27 required require VBN 43297 811 28 by by IN 43297 811 29 some some DT 43297 811 30 of of IN 43297 811 31 the the DT 43297 811 32 purer purer NN 43297 811 33 clays clay NNS 43297 811 34 . . . 43297 812 1 The the DT 43297 812 2 fused fuse VBN 43297 812 3 portion portion NN 43297 812 4 fills fill VBZ 43297 812 5 the the DT 43297 812 6 pores pore NNS 43297 812 7 or or CC 43297 812 8 interstices interstice NNS 43297 812 9 of of IN 43297 812 10 the the DT 43297 812 11 material material NN 43297 812 12 , , , 43297 812 13 making make VBG 43297 812 14 -- -- : 43297 812 15 when when WRB 43297 812 16 cold cold JJ 43297 812 17 -- -- : 43297 812 18 a a DT 43297 812 19 ware ware NN 43297 812 20 of of IN 43297 812 21 great great JJ 43297 812 22 strength strength NN 43297 812 23 and and CC 43297 812 24 impermeability impermeability NN 43297 812 25 . . . 43297 813 1 The the DT 43297 813 2 chief chief JJ 43297 813 3 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 813 4 experienced experience VBD 43297 813 5 in in IN 43297 813 6 the the DT 43297 813 7 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 813 8 of of IN 43297 813 9 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 813 10 is be VBZ 43297 813 11 the the DT 43297 813 12 liability liability NN 43297 813 13 of of IN 43297 813 14 the the DT 43297 813 15 articles article NNS 43297 813 16 to to TO 43297 813 17 twist twist VB 43297 813 18 and and CC 43297 813 19 warp warp VB 43297 813 20 when when WRB 43297 813 21 heated heat VBN 43297 813 22 . . . 43297 814 1 For for IN 43297 814 2 this this DT 43297 814 3 reason reason NN 43297 814 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 814 5 is be VBZ 43297 814 6 necessary necessary JJ 43297 814 7 to to TO 43297 814 8 burn burn VB 43297 814 9 them -PRON- PRP 43297 814 10 very very RB 43297 814 11 carefully carefully RB 43297 814 12 and and CC 43297 814 13 to to TO 43297 814 14 select select VB 43297 814 15 the the DT 43297 814 16 clays clay NNS 43297 814 17 with with IN 43297 814 18 circumspection circumspection NN 43297 814 19 . . . 43297 815 1 Some some DT 43297 815 2 clays clay NNS 43297 815 3 are be VBP 43297 815 4 quite quite RB 43297 815 5 unsuitable unsuitable JJ 43297 815 6 for for IN 43297 815 7 this this DT 43297 815 8 branch branch NN 43297 815 9 of of IN 43297 815 10 pottery pottery NN 43297 815 11 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 815 12 because because IN 43297 815 13 of of IN 43297 815 14 the the DT 43297 815 15 practical practical JJ 43297 815 16 impossibility impossibility NN 43297 815 17 of of IN 43297 815 18 producing produce VBG 43297 815 19 ware ware NN 43297 815 20 which which WDT 43297 815 21 is be VBZ 43297 815 22 correct correct JJ 43297 815 23 in in IN 43297 815 24 shape shape NN 43297 815 25 and and CC 43297 815 26 is be VBZ 43297 815 27 free free JJ 43297 815 28 from from IN 43297 815 29 warping warp VBG 43297 815 30 . . . 43297 816 1 What what WP 43297 816 2 is be VBZ 43297 816 3 required require VBN 43297 816 4 are be VBP 43297 816 5 clays clay NNS 43297 816 6 in in IN 43297 816 7 which which WDT 43297 816 8 the the DT 43297 816 9 partial partial JJ 43297 816 10 fusion fusion NN 43297 816 11 will will MD 43297 816 12 commence commence VB 43297 816 13 at at IN 43297 816 14 a a DT 43297 816 15 moderate moderate JJ 43297 816 16 temperature temperature NN 43297 816 17 and and CC 43297 816 18 will will MD 43297 816 19 continue continue VB 43297 816 20 until until IN 43297 816 21 all all PDT 43297 816 22 the the DT 43297 816 23 pores pore NNS 43297 816 24 are be VBP 43297 816 25 filled fill VBN 43297 816 26 with with IN 43297 816 27 the the DT 43297 816 28 fused fuse VBN 43297 816 29 material material NN 43297 816 30 without without IN 43297 816 31 the the DT 43297 816 32 remaining remain VBG 43297 816 33 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 816 34 being be VBG 43297 816 35 attacked attack VBN 43297 816 36 or or CC 43297 816 37 corroded corrode VBN 43297 816 38 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 816 39 to to TO 43297 816 40 cause cause VB 43297 816 41 the the DT 43297 816 42 ware ware NN 43297 816 43 to to TO 43297 816 44 lose lose VB 43297 816 45 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 816 46 shape shape NN 43297 816 47 . . . 43297 817 1 As as IN 43297 817 2 the the DT 43297 817 3 temperature temperature NN 43297 817 4 inside inside IN 43297 817 5 a a DT 43297 817 6 potter potter NN 43297 817 7 's 's POS 43297 817 8 kiln kiln NN 43297 817 9 is be VBZ 43297 817 10 continually continually RB 43297 817 11 rising rise VBG 43297 817 12 , , , 43297 817 13 the the DT 43297 817 14 great great JJ 43297 817 15 tendency tendency NN 43297 817 16 is be VBZ 43297 817 17 for for IN 43297 817 18 the the DT 43297 817 19 production production NN 43297 817 20 of of IN 43297 817 21 fused fuse VBN 43297 817 22 material material NN 43297 817 23 to to TO 43297 817 24 take take VB 43297 817 25 place place NN 43297 817 26 at at IN 43297 817 27 an an DT 43297 817 28 ever ever RB 43297 817 29 - - HYPH 43297 817 30 increasing increase VBG 43297 817 31 rate rate NN 43297 817 32 , , , 43297 817 33 so so IN 43297 817 34 that that IN 43297 817 35 the the DT 43297 817 36 danger danger NN 43297 817 37 of of IN 43297 817 38 warping warping NN 43297 817 39 becomes become VBZ 43297 817 40 greater great JJR 43297 817 41 as as IN 43297 817 42 the the DT 43297 817 43 firing firing NN 43297 817 44 nears near VBZ 43297 817 45 completion completion NN 43297 817 46 . . . 43297 818 1 Some some DT 43297 818 2 clays clay NNS 43297 818 3 commence commence VBP 43297 818 4 to to TO 43297 818 5 vitrify vitrify VB 43297 818 6 at at IN 43297 818 7 a a DT 43297 818 8 moderate moderate JJ 43297 818 9 temperature temperature NN 43297 818 10 and and CC 43297 818 11 can can MD 43297 818 12 be be VB 43297 818 13 heated heat VBN 43297 818 14 through through IN 43297 818 15 a a DT 43297 818 16 long long JJ 43297 818 17 range range NN 43297 818 18 of of IN 43297 818 19 temperature temperature NN 43297 818 20 before before IN 43297 818 21 an an DT 43297 818 22 appreciable appreciable JJ 43297 818 23 amount amount NN 43297 818 24 of of IN 43297 818 25 warping warping NN 43297 818 26 occurs occur VBZ 43297 818 27 ; ; : 43297 818 28 such such JJ 43297 818 29 clays clay NNS 43297 818 30 are be VBP 43297 818 31 said say VBN 43297 818 32 to to TO 43297 818 33 possess possess VB 43297 818 34 a a DT 43297 818 35 ' ' `` 43297 818 36 long long JJ 43297 818 37 range range NN 43297 818 38 of of IN 43297 818 39 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 818 40 ' ' '' 43297 818 41 ( ( -LRB- 43297 818 42 p. p. NN 43297 818 43 38 38 CD 43297 818 44 ) ) -RRB- 43297 818 45 . . . 43297 819 1 In in IN 43297 819 2 other other JJ 43297 819 3 clays clay NNS 43297 819 4 the the DT 43297 819 5 difference difference NN 43297 819 6 between between IN 43297 819 7 the the DT 43297 819 8 temperature temperature NN 43297 819 9 at at IN 43297 819 10 which which WDT 43297 819 11 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 819 12 commences commence NNS 43297 819 13 and and CC 43297 819 14 that that IN 43297 819 15 at at IN 43297 819 16 which which WDT 43297 819 17 loss loss NN 43297 819 18 of of IN 43297 819 19 shape shape NN 43297 819 20 occurs occur VBZ 43297 819 21 is be VBZ 43297 819 22 only only RB 43297 819 23 a a DT 43297 819 24 few few JJ 43297 819 25 degrees degree NNS 43297 819 26 ; ; : 43297 819 27 such such JJ 43297 819 28 clays clay NNS 43297 819 29 are be VBP 43297 819 30 useless useless JJ 43297 819 31 for for IN 43297 819 32 the the DT 43297 819 33 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 819 34 of of IN 43297 819 35 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 819 36 , , , 43297 819 37 as as IN 43297 819 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 819 39 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 819 40 range range NN 43297 819 41 is be VBZ 43297 819 42 too too RB 43297 819 43 short short JJ 43297 819 44 . . . 43297 820 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 820 2 is be VBZ 43297 820 3 therefore therefore RB 43297 820 4 essential essential JJ 43297 820 5 that that IN 43297 820 6 , , , 43297 820 7 for for IN 43297 820 8 the the DT 43297 820 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 820 10 of of IN 43297 820 11 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 820 12 , , , 43297 820 13 a a DT 43297 820 14 clay clay NN 43297 820 15 should should MD 43297 820 16 contain contain VB 43297 820 17 a a DT 43297 820 18 large large JJ 43297 820 19 proportion proportion NN 43297 820 20 of of IN 43297 820 21 refractory refractory JJ 43297 820 22 material material NN 43297 820 23 which which WDT 43297 820 24 will will MD 43297 820 25 form form VB 43297 820 26 a a DT 43297 820 27 ' ' `` 43297 820 28 skeleton skeleton NN 43297 820 29 , , , 43297 820 30 ' ' '' 43297 820 31 the the DT 43297 820 32 interstices interstice NNS 43297 820 33 of of IN 43297 820 34 which which WDT 43297 820 35 will will MD 43297 820 36 be be VB 43297 820 37 filled fill VBN 43297 820 38 by by IN 43297 820 39 the the DT 43297 820 40 more more RBR 43297 820 41 fusible fusible JJ 43297 820 42 silicates silicate NNS 43297 820 43 produced produce VBN 43297 820 44 by by IN 43297 820 45 the the DT 43297 820 46 firing firing NN 43297 820 47 . . . 43297 821 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 821 2 is be VBZ 43297 821 3 generally generally RB 43297 821 4 found find VBN 43297 821 5 that that DT 43297 821 6 of of IN 43297 821 7 all all PDT 43297 821 8 the the DT 43297 821 9 fluxes flux NNS 43297 821 10 present present JJ 43297 821 11 in in IN 43297 821 12 vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 821 13 clays clay NNS 43297 821 14 , , , 43297 821 15 soda soda NN 43297 821 16 and and CC 43297 821 17 potash potash NN 43297 821 18 compounds compound NNS 43297 821 19 -- -- : 43297 821 20 the the DT 43297 821 21 so so RB 43297 821 22 - - HYPH 43297 821 23 called call VBN 43297 821 24 ' ' '' 43297 821 25 alkalies'--and alkalies'--and CD 43297 821 26 all all DT 43297 821 27 lime lime NN 43297 821 28 compounds compound NNS 43297 821 29 are be VBP 43297 821 30 the the DT 43297 821 31 most most RBS 43297 821 32 detrimental detrimental JJ 43297 821 33 , , , 43297 821 34 as as IN 43297 821 35 in in IN 43297 821 36 association association NN 43297 821 37 with with IN 43297 821 38 clay clay NN 43297 821 39 they -PRON- PRP 43297 821 40 form form VBP 43297 821 41 a a DT 43297 821 42 material material NN 43297 821 43 with with IN 43297 821 44 a a DT 43297 821 45 very very RB 43297 821 46 short short JJ 43297 821 47 range range NN 43297 821 48 of of IN 43297 821 49 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 821 50 . . . 43297 822 1 Magnesia Magnesia NNP 43297 822 2 , , , 43297 822 3 on on IN 43297 822 4 the the DT 43297 822 5 contrary contrary NN 43297 822 6 , , , 43297 822 7 accompanies accompany VBZ 43297 822 8 a a DT 43297 822 9 long long JJ 43297 822 10 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 822 11 range range NN 43297 822 12 . . . 43297 823 1 The the DT 43297 823 2 clays clay NNS 43297 823 3 used use VBN 43297 823 4 in in IN 43297 823 5 Great Great NNP 43297 823 6 Britain Britain NNP 43297 823 7 for for IN 43297 823 8 the the DT 43297 823 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 823 10 of of IN 43297 823 11 the the DT 43297 823 12 best good JJS 43297 823 13 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 823 14 are be VBP 43297 823 15 the the DT 43297 823 16 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 823 17 and and CC 43297 823 18 Dorset Dorset NNP 43297 823 19 ball ball NN 43297 823 20 clays clay NNS 43297 823 21 , , , 43297 823 22 the the DT 43297 823 23 upper upper JJ 43297 823 24 portions portion NNS 43297 823 25 of of IN 43297 823 26 these these DT 43297 823 27 deposits deposit NNS 43297 823 28 being be VBG 43297 823 29 used use VBN 43297 823 30 for for IN 43297 823 31 this this DT 43297 823 32 purpose purpose NN 43297 823 33 as as IN 43297 823 34 they -PRON- PRP 43297 823 35 are be VBP 43297 823 36 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 823 37 less less RBR 43297 823 38 pure pure JJ 43297 823 39 than than IN 43297 823 40 the the DT 43297 823 41 lower low JJR 43297 823 42 portions portion NNS 43297 823 43 used use VBN 43297 823 44 in in IN 43297 823 45 the the DT 43297 823 46 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 823 47 of of IN 43297 823 48 white white JJ 43297 823 49 ware ware NN 43297 823 50 . . . 43297 824 1 For for IN 43297 824 2 coarser coarser NN 43297 824 3 grades grade NNS 43297 824 4 of of IN 43297 824 5 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 824 6 , , , 43297 824 7 clays clay NNS 43297 824 8 of of IN 43297 824 9 other other JJ 43297 824 10 geological geological JJ 43297 824 11 formations formation NNS 43297 824 12 are be VBP 43297 824 13 employed employ VBN 43297 824 14 , , , 43297 824 15 especially especially RB 43297 824 16 where where WRB 43297 824 17 the the DT 43297 824 18 finished finish VBN 43297 824 19 ware ware NN 43297 824 20 may may MD 43297 824 21 be be VB 43297 824 22 coloured colour VBN 43297 824 23 , , , 43297 824 24 as as IN 43297 824 25 the the DT 43297 824 26 purity purity NN 43297 824 27 of of IN 43297 824 28 the the DT 43297 824 29 clay clay NN 43297 824 30 is be VBZ 43297 824 31 of of IN 43297 824 32 less less JJR 43297 824 33 importance importance NN 43297 824 34 . . . 43297 825 1 Providing provide VBG 43297 825 2 a a DT 43297 825 3 clay clay NN 43297 825 4 has have VBZ 43297 825 5 a a DT 43297 825 6 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 825 7 long long JJ 43297 825 8 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 825 9 range range NN 43297 825 10 , , , 43297 825 11 a a DT 43297 825 12 suitable suitable JJ 43297 825 13 colour colour NN 43297 825 14 when when WRB 43297 825 15 burned burn VBN 43297 825 16 , , , 43297 825 17 and and CC 43297 825 18 that that IN 43297 825 19 it -PRON- PRP 43297 825 20 is be VBZ 43297 825 21 capable capable JJ 43297 825 22 of of IN 43297 825 23 being be VBG 43297 825 24 readily readily RB 43297 825 25 formed form VBN 43297 825 26 into into IN 43297 825 27 the the DT 43297 825 28 desired desire VBN 43297 825 29 shapes shape NNS 43297 825 30 , , , 43297 825 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 825 32 composition composition NN 43297 825 33 and and CC 43297 825 34 origin origin NN 43297 825 35 are be VBP 43297 825 36 of of IN 43297 825 37 small small JJ 43297 825 38 importance importance NN 43297 825 39 to to IN 43297 825 40 the the DT 43297 825 41 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 825 42 manufacturer manufacturer NN 43297 825 43 . . . 43297 826 1 In in IN 43297 826 2 actual actual JJ 43297 826 3 practice practice NN 43297 826 4 , , , 43297 826 5 however however RB 43297 826 6 , , , 43297 826 7 the the DT 43297 826 8 number number NN 43297 826 9 of of IN 43297 826 10 sources source NNS 43297 826 11 of of IN 43297 826 12 good good JJ 43297 826 13 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 826 14 clay clay NN 43297 826 15 is be VBZ 43297 826 16 distinctly distinctly RB 43297 826 17 limited limited JJ 43297 826 18 , , , 43297 826 19 and and CC 43297 826 20 many many JJ 43297 826 21 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 43297 826 22 are be VBP 43297 826 23 thus thus RB 43297 826 24 compelled compel VBN 43297 826 25 to to TO 43297 826 26 add add VB 43297 826 27 suitable suitable JJ 43297 826 28 fluxes flux NNS 43297 826 29 to to IN 43297 826 30 refractory refractory JJ 43297 826 31 clays clay NNS 43297 826 32 in in IN 43297 826 33 order order NN 43297 826 34 to to TO 43297 826 35 meet meet VB 43297 826 36 some some DT 43297 826 37 of of IN 43297 826 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 826 39 customers customer NNS 43297 826 40 ' ' POS 43297 826 41 requirements requirement NNS 43297 826 42 . . . 43297 827 1 For for IN 43297 827 2 this this DT 43297 827 3 purpose purpose NN 43297 827 4 a a DT 43297 827 5 mixture mixture NN 43297 827 6 of of IN 43297 827 7 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 827 8 with with IN 43297 827 9 finely finely RB 43297 827 10 powdered powder VBN 43297 827 11 felspar felspar NNS 43297 827 12 or or CC 43297 827 13 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 827 14 stone stone NN 43297 827 15 is be VBZ 43297 827 16 used use VBN 43297 827 17 . . . 43297 828 1 Chalk chalk NN 43297 828 2 -- -- : 43297 828 3 which which WDT 43297 828 4 is be VBZ 43297 828 5 a a DT 43297 828 6 cheaper cheap JJR 43297 828 7 and and CC 43297 828 8 more more RBR 43297 828 9 powerful powerful JJ 43297 828 10 flux flux NN 43297 828 11 -- -- : 43297 828 12 or or CC 43297 828 13 powdered powder VBN 43297 828 14 glass glass NN 43297 828 15 can can MD 43297 828 16 not not RB 43297 828 17 be be VB 43297 828 18 used use VBN 43297 828 19 as as IN 43297 828 20 the the DT 43297 828 21 range range NN 43297 828 22 of of IN 43297 828 23 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 828 24 of of IN 43297 828 25 the the DT 43297 828 26 mixture mixture NN 43297 828 27 would would MD 43297 828 28 be be VB 43297 828 29 too too RB 43297 828 30 short short JJ 43297 828 31 . . . 43297 829 1 Some some DT 43297 829 2 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 43297 829 3 take take VBP 43297 829 4 the the DT 43297 829 5 opposite opposite JJ 43297 829 6 course course NN 43297 829 7 and and CC 43297 829 8 add add VB 43297 829 9 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 829 10 , , , 43297 829 11 flint flint NN 43297 829 12 , , , 43297 829 13 or or CC 43297 829 14 other other JJ 43297 829 15 refractory refractory JJ 43297 829 16 material material NN 43297 829 17 to to IN 43297 829 18 a a DT 43297 829 19 readily readily RB 43297 829 20 fusible fusible JJ 43297 829 21 clay clay NN 43297 829 22 . . . 43297 830 1 This this DT 43297 830 2 is be VBZ 43297 830 3 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 830 4 if if IN 43297 830 5 the the DT 43297 830 6 latter latter JJ 43297 830 7 clay clay NN 43297 830 8 is be VBZ 43297 830 9 relatively relatively RB 43297 830 10 low low JJ 43297 830 11 in in IN 43297 830 12 lime lime NN 43297 830 13 and and CC 43297 830 14 owes owe VBZ 43297 830 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 830 16 fusibility fusibility NN 43297 830 17 to to IN 43297 830 18 potash potash NN 43297 830 19 , , , 43297 830 20 soda soda NNP 43297 830 21 or or CC 43297 830 22 magnesia magnesia NN 43297 830 23 in in IN 43297 830 24 the the DT 43297 830 25 form form NN 43297 830 26 of of IN 43297 830 27 mica mica NNP 43297 830 28 or or CC 43297 830 29 felspar felspar NNP 43297 830 30 . . . 43297 831 1 The the DT 43297 831 2 mica mica JJ 43297 831 3 and and CC 43297 831 4 felspar felspar JJ 43297 831 5 grains grain NNS 43297 831 6 enter enter VBP 43297 831 7 so so RB 43297 831 8 slowly slowly RB 43297 831 9 into into IN 43297 831 10 combination combination NN 43297 831 11 with with IN 43297 831 12 the the DT 43297 831 13 clay clay NN 43297 831 14 that that IN 43297 831 15 a a DT 43297 831 16 long long JJ 43297 831 17 range range NN 43297 831 18 of of IN 43297 831 19 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 831 20 occurs occur VBZ 43297 831 21 , , , 43297 831 22 whereas whereas IN 43297 831 23 with with IN 43297 831 24 lime lime NN 43297 831 25 , , , 43297 831 26 or or CC 43297 831 27 with with IN 43297 831 28 some some DT 43297 831 29 other other JJ 43297 831 30 soda soda NN 43297 831 31 and and CC 43297 831 32 potash potash NN 43297 831 33 compounds compound NNS 43297 831 34 , , , 43297 831 35 the the DT 43297 831 36 combination combination NN 43297 831 37 occurs occur VBZ 43297 831 38 with with IN 43297 831 39 great great JJ 43297 831 40 rapidity rapidity NN 43297 831 41 and and CC 43297 831 42 the the DT 43297 831 43 shape shape NN 43297 831 44 of of IN 43297 831 45 the the DT 43297 831 46 ware ware NN 43297 831 47 is be VBZ 43297 831 48 spoiled spoil VBN 43297 831 49 . . . 43297 832 1 The the DT 43297 832 2 = = SYM 43297 832 3 refractory refractory NN 43297 832 4 clays= clays= NN 43297 832 5 are be VBP 43297 832 6 commonly commonly RB 43297 832 7 known know VBN 43297 832 8 as as IN 43297 832 9 _ _ NNP 43297 832 10 fireclays fireclay VBZ 43297 832 11 _ _ NNP 43297 832 12 on on IN 43297 832 13 account account NN 43297 832 14 of of IN 43297 832 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 832 16 resistance resistance NN 43297 832 17 to to TO 43297 832 18 heat heat VB 43297 832 19 . . . 43297 833 1 The the DT 43297 833 2 china china NNP 43297 833 3 clays clay NNS 43297 833 4 and and CC 43297 833 5 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 833 6 are be VBP 43297 833 7 also also RB 43297 833 8 refractory refractory JJ 43297 833 9 , , , 43297 833 10 but but CC 43297 833 11 are be VBP 43297 833 12 too too RB 43297 833 13 expensive expensive JJ 43297 833 14 and and CC 43297 833 15 are be VBP 43297 833 16 not not RB 43297 833 17 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 833 18 plastic plastic NN 43297 833 19 to to TO 43297 833 20 be be VB 43297 833 21 used use VBN 43297 833 22 commercially commercially RB 43297 833 23 in in IN 43297 833 24 the the DT 43297 833 25 same same JJ 43297 833 26 manner manner NN 43297 833 27 as as IN 43297 833 28 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 833 29 , , , 43297 833 30 except except IN 43297 833 31 to to IN 43297 833 32 a a DT 43297 833 33 very very RB 43297 833 34 limited limited JJ 43297 833 35 extent extent NN 43297 833 36 , , , 43297 833 37 though though IN 43297 833 38 bricks brick NNS 43297 833 39 have have VBP 43297 833 40 been be VBN 43297 833 41 made make VBN 43297 833 42 for for IN 43297 833 43 many many JJ 43297 833 44 years year NNS 43297 833 45 from from IN 43297 833 46 the the DT 43297 833 47 inferior inferior JJ 43297 833 48 portions portion NNS 43297 833 49 of of IN 43297 833 50 china china NNP 43297 833 51 clay clay NN 43297 833 52 rock rock NN 43297 833 53 at at IN 43297 833 54 Tregoning Tregoning NNP 43297 833 55 Hill Hill NNP 43297 833 56 in in IN 43297 833 57 Cornwall Cornwall NNP 43297 833 58 . . . 43297 834 1 The the DT 43297 834 2 geological geological JJ 43297 834 3 occurrence occurrence NN 43297 834 4 of of IN 43297 834 5 the the DT 43297 834 6 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 834 7 of of IN 43297 834 8 the the DT 43297 834 9 Coal Coal NNP 43297 834 10 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 834 11 has have VBZ 43297 834 12 already already RB 43297 834 13 been be VBN 43297 834 14 described describe VBN 43297 834 15 on on IN 43297 834 16 p. p. NN 43297 834 17 53 53 CD 43297 834 18 . . . 43297 835 1 In in IN 43297 835 2 addition addition NN 43297 835 3 , , , 43297 835 4 there there EX 43297 835 5 are be VBP 43297 835 6 the the DT 43297 835 7 refractory refractory JJ 43297 835 8 clays clay NNS 43297 835 9 occurring occur VBG 43297 835 10 in in IN 43297 835 11 pockets pocket NNS 43297 835 12 or or CC 43297 835 13 depressions depression NNS 43297 835 14 in in IN 43297 835 15 the the DT 43297 835 16 Mountain Mountain NNP 43297 835 17 Limestone Limestone NNP 43297 835 18 of of IN 43297 835 19 North North NNP 43297 835 20 Wales Wales NNP 43297 835 21 , , , 43297 835 22 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 835 23 , , , 43297 835 24 Derbyshire Derbyshire NNP 43297 835 25 and and CC 43297 835 26 Ireland Ireland NNP 43297 835 27 , , , 43297 835 28 which which WDT 43297 835 29 consist consist VBP 43297 835 30 of of IN 43297 835 31 siliceous siliceous JJ 43297 835 32 clays clay NNS 43297 835 33 and and CC 43297 835 34 sands sand NNS 43297 835 35 , , , 43297 835 36 the the DT 43297 835 37 insoluble insoluble JJ 43297 835 38 residue residue NN 43297 835 39 of of IN 43297 835 40 the the DT 43297 835 41 local local JJ 43297 835 42 dissolution dissolution NN 43297 835 43 of of IN 43297 835 44 the the DT 43297 835 45 limestone limestone NN 43297 835 46 , , , 43297 835 47 intermixed intermix VBN 43297 835 48 with with IN 43297 835 49 the the DT 43297 835 50 débris débris NN 43297 835 51 of of IN 43297 835 52 the the DT 43297 835 53 overlying overlie VBG 43297 835 54 Millstone Millstone NNP 43297 835 55 Grit Grit NNP 43297 835 56 ( ( -LRB- 43297 835 57 see see VB 43297 835 58 p. p. NN 43297 835 59 54 54 CD 43297 835 60 ) ) -RRB- 43297 835 61 . . . 43297 836 1 These these DT 43297 836 2 clays clay NNS 43297 836 3 and and CC 43297 836 4 sands sand NNS 43297 836 5 can can MD 43297 836 6 be be VB 43297 836 7 mixed mix VBN 43297 836 8 to to TO 43297 836 9 produce produce VB 43297 836 10 bricks brick NNS 43297 836 11 of of IN 43297 836 12 remarkably remarkably RB 43297 836 13 low low JJ 43297 836 14 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 836 15 , , , 43297 836 16 but but CC 43297 836 17 the the DT 43297 836 18 pockets pocket NNS 43297 836 19 are be VBP 43297 836 20 only only RB 43297 836 21 large large JJ 43297 836 22 enough enough RB 43297 836 23 to to TO 43297 836 24 enable enable VB 43297 836 25 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 836 26 small small JJ 43297 836 27 works work NNS 43297 836 28 to to TO 43297 836 29 be be VB 43297 836 30 erected erect VBN 43297 836 31 and and CC 43297 836 32 the the DT 43297 836 33 clays clay NNS 43297 836 34 are be VBP 43297 836 35 so so RB 43297 836 36 irregular irregular JJ 43297 836 37 both both CC 43297 836 38 in in IN 43297 836 39 composition composition NN 43297 836 40 and and CC 43297 836 41 distribution distribution NN 43297 836 42 as as IN 43297 836 43 to to TO 43297 836 44 render render VB 43297 836 45 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 836 46 use use NN 43297 836 47 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 836 48 speculative speculative JJ 43297 836 49 . . . 43297 837 1 A a DT 43297 837 2 third third JJ 43297 837 3 type type NN 43297 837 4 of of IN 43297 837 5 refractory refractory NN 43297 837 6 clay clay NN 43297 837 7 -- -- : 43297 837 8 termed term VBN 43297 837 9 _ _ NNP 43297 837 10 flint flint NN 43297 837 11 clay_--is clay_--is NNP 43297 837 12 used use VBN 43297 837 13 in in IN 43297 837 14 large large JJ 43297 837 15 quantities quantity NNS 43297 837 16 in in IN 43297 837 17 the the DT 43297 837 18 United United NNP 43297 837 19 States States NNP 43297 837 20 , , , 43297 837 21 but but CC 43297 837 22 is be VBZ 43297 837 23 seldom seldom RB 43297 837 24 found find VBN 43297 837 25 in in IN 43297 837 26 Great Great NNP 43297 837 27 Britain Britain NNP 43297 837 28 . . . 43297 838 1 When when WRB 43297 838 2 moistened moisten VBN 43297 838 3 , , , 43297 838 4 flint flint NN 43297 838 5 clays clay NNS 43297 838 6 do do VBP 43297 838 7 not not RB 43297 838 8 soften soften VB 43297 838 9 , , , 43297 838 10 but but CC 43297 838 11 remain remain VBP 43297 838 12 hard hard JJ 43297 838 13 and and CC 43297 838 14 flint flint JJ 43297 838 15 - - HYPH 43297 838 16 like like JJ 43297 838 17 with with IN 43297 838 18 a a DT 43297 838 19 smooth smooth JJ 43297 838 20 shell shell NN 43297 838 21 - - HYPH 43297 838 22 like like JJ 43297 838 23 fracture fracture NN 43297 838 24 . . . 43297 839 1 For for IN 43297 839 2 use use NN 43297 839 3 they -PRON- PRP 43297 839 4 are be VBP 43297 839 5 ground grind VBN 43297 839 6 extremely extremely RB 43297 839 7 fine fine JJ 43297 839 8 , , , 43297 839 9 but but CC 43297 839 10 even even RB 43297 839 11 then then RB 43297 839 12 they -PRON- PRP 43297 839 13 develop develop VBP 43297 839 14 little little JJ 43297 839 15 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 839 16 . . . 43297 840 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 840 2 are be VBP 43297 840 3 considered consider VBN 43297 840 4 by by IN 43297 840 5 Ries Ries NNP 43297 840 6 ( ( -LRB- 43297 840 7 6 6 CD 43297 840 8 ) ) -RRB- 43297 840 9 to to TO 43297 840 10 have have VB 43297 840 11 been be VBN 43297 840 12 formed form VBN 43297 840 13 by by IN 43297 840 14 solution solution NN 43297 840 15 and and CC 43297 840 16 re re NN 43297 840 17 - - NN 43297 840 18 precipitation precipitation NN 43297 840 19 of of IN 43297 840 20 the the DT 43297 840 21 clay clay NN 43297 840 22 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 840 23 to to IN 43297 840 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 840 25 primary primary JJ 43297 840 26 formation formation NN 43297 840 27 , , , 43297 840 28 in in IN 43297 840 29 a a DT 43297 840 30 manner manner NN 43297 840 31 similar similar JJ 43297 840 32 to to TO 43297 840 33 flint flint VB 43297 840 34 . . . 43297 841 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 841 2 are be VBP 43297 841 3 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 841 4 rich rich JJ 43297 841 5 in in IN 43297 841 6 alumina alumina NNP 43297 841 7 and and CC 43297 841 8 many many JJ 43297 841 9 contain contain VBP 43297 841 10 crystals crystal NNS 43297 841 11 of of IN 43297 841 12 pholerite pholerite JJ 43297 841 13 ( ( -LRB- 43297 841 14 Al2O3·2SiO2·3H2O al2o3·2sio2·3h2o NN 43297 841 15 ) ) -RRB- 43297 841 16 . . . 43297 842 1 The the DT 43297 842 2 Coal Coal NNP 43297 842 3 Measure measure NN 43297 842 4 fireclays fireclay VBZ 43297 842 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 842 6 p. p. NN 43297 842 7 53)--which 53)--which CD 43297 842 8 are be VBP 43297 842 9 by by IN 43297 842 10 far far RB 43297 842 11 the the DT 43297 842 12 most most RBS 43297 842 13 important important JJ 43297 842 14 -- -- : 43297 842 15 are be VBP 43297 842 16 divided divide VBN 43297 842 17 into into IN 43297 842 18 two two CD 43297 842 19 sections section NNS 43297 842 20 by by IN 43297 842 21 the the DT 43297 842 22 coal coal NN 43297 842 23 seams seam VBZ 43297 842 24 , , , 43297 842 25 those those DT 43297 842 26 above above IN 43297 842 27 the the DT 43297 842 28 coal coal NN 43297 842 29 being be VBG 43297 842 30 shaly shaly NN 43297 842 31 and and CC 43297 842 32 fissile fissile NN 43297 842 33 in in IN 43297 842 34 structure structure NN 43297 842 35 whilst whilst IN 43297 842 36 those those DT 43297 842 37 below below IN 43297 842 38 ( ( -LRB- 43297 842 39 _ _ NNP 43297 842 40 underclays underclays NNP 43297 842 41 _ _ NNP 43297 842 42 ) ) -RRB- 43297 842 43 are be VBP 43297 842 44 without without IN 43297 842 45 any any DT 43297 842 46 distinct distinct JJ 43297 842 47 lamination lamination NN 43297 842 48 . . . 43297 843 1 Both both DT 43297 843 2 these these DT 43297 843 3 clays clay NNS 43297 843 4 may may MD 43297 843 5 be be VB 43297 843 6 equally equally RB 43297 843 7 refractory refractory JJ 43297 843 8 , , , 43297 843 9 but but CC 43297 843 10 the the DT 43297 843 11 underclays underclay NNS 43297 843 12 are be VBP 43297 843 13 those those DT 43297 843 14 to to TO 43297 843 15 which which WDT 43297 843 16 the the DT 43297 843 17 term term NN 43297 843 18 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 843 19 is be VBZ 43297 843 20 usually usually RB 43297 843 21 applied apply VBN 43297 843 22 . . . 43297 844 1 The the DT 43297 844 2 lowest low JJS 43297 844 3 portions portion NNS 43297 844 4 are be VBP 43297 844 5 usually usually RB 43297 844 6 more more RBR 43297 844 7 silicious silicious JJ 43297 844 8 and and CC 43297 844 9 in in IN 43297 844 10 some some DT 43297 844 11 areas area NNS 43297 844 12 are be VBP 43297 844 13 so so RB 43297 844 14 rich rich JJ 43297 844 15 in in IN 43297 844 16 silica silica NN 43297 844 17 as as IN 43297 844 18 to to TO 43297 844 19 be be VB 43297 844 20 more more RBR 43297 844 21 appropriately appropriately RB 43297 844 22 termed term VBN 43297 844 23 silica silica NNP 43297 844 24 rock rock NN 43297 844 25 or or CC 43297 844 26 _ _ NNP 43297 844 27 ganister ganister NN 43297 844 28 _ _ NNP 43297 844 29 . . . 43297 845 1 Fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 845 2 may may MD 43297 845 3 , , , 43297 845 4 in in IN 43297 845 5 fact fact NN 43297 845 6 , , , 43297 845 7 be be VB 43297 845 8 looked look VBN 43297 845 9 upon upon IN 43297 845 10 as as IN 43297 845 11 a a DT 43297 845 12 special special JJ 43297 845 13 term term NN 43297 845 14 for for IN 43297 845 15 the the DT 43297 845 16 grey grey JJ 43297 845 17 clays clay NNS 43297 845 18 of of IN 43297 845 19 the the DT 43297 845 20 Coal Coal NNP 43297 845 21 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 845 22 , , , 43297 845 23 interstratified interstratify VBN 43297 845 24 with with IN 43297 845 25 and and CC 43297 845 26 generally generally RB 43297 845 27 in in IN 43297 845 28 close close JJ 43297 845 29 proximity proximity NN 43297 845 30 to to IN 43297 845 31 the the DT 43297 845 32 seams seam NNS 43297 845 33 of of IN 43297 845 34 coal coal NN 43297 845 35 . . . 43297 846 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 846 2 are be VBP 43297 846 3 known know VBN 43297 846 4 locally locally RB 43297 846 5 as as IN 43297 846 6 _ _ NNP 43297 846 7 clunches clunche VBZ 43297 846 8 _ _ NNP 43297 846 9 and and CC 43297 846 10 _ _ NNP 43297 846 11 underclays underclay NNS 43297 846 12 _ _ NNP 43297 846 13 and and CC 43297 846 14 were be VBD 43297 846 15 at at IN 43297 846 16 one one CD 43297 846 17 time time NN 43297 846 18 supposed suppose VBN 43297 846 19 to to TO 43297 846 20 represent represent VB 43297 846 21 the the DT 43297 846 22 soil soil NN 43297 846 23 that that WDT 43297 846 24 produced produce VBD 43297 846 25 the the DT 43297 846 26 vegetation vegetation NN 43297 846 27 from from IN 43297 846 28 which which WDT 43297 846 29 the the DT 43297 846 30 coal coal NN 43297 846 31 was be VBD 43297 846 32 formed form VBN 43297 846 33 , , , 43297 846 34 but but CC 43297 846 35 are be VBP 43297 846 36 now now RB 43297 846 37 considered consider VBN 43297 846 38 by by IN 43297 846 39 many many JJ 43297 846 40 authorities authority NNS 43297 846 41 to to TO 43297 846 42 be be VB 43297 846 43 of of IN 43297 846 44 estuarine estuarine JJ 43297 846 45 origin origin NN 43297 846 46 . . . 43297 847 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 847 2 is be VBZ 43297 847 3 important important JJ 43297 847 4 to to TO 43297 847 5 notice notice VB 43297 847 6 that that IN 43297 847 7 whilst whilst IN 43297 847 8 the the DT 43297 847 9 coals coal NNS 43297 847 10 almost almost RB 43297 847 11 invariably invariably RB 43297 847 12 occur occur VBP 43297 847 13 in in IN 43297 847 14 association association NN 43297 847 15 with with IN 43297 847 16 underclays underclay NNS 43297 847 17 , , , 43297 847 18 some some DT 43297 847 19 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 847 20 are be VBP 43297 847 21 found find VBN 43297 847 22 at at IN 43297 847 23 a a DT 43297 847 24 considerable considerable JJ 43297 847 25 distance distance NN 43297 847 26 from from IN 43297 847 27 coal coal NN 43297 847 28 . . . 43297 848 1 The the DT 43297 848 2 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 848 3 of of IN 43297 848 4 the the DT 43297 848 5 Coal Coal NNP 43297 848 6 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 848 7 have have VBP 43297 848 8 a a DT 43297 848 9 composition composition NN 43297 848 10 varying vary VBG 43297 848 11 within within IN 43297 848 12 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 848 13 wide wide JJ 43297 848 14 limits limit NNS 43297 848 15 even even RB 43297 848 16 in in IN 43297 848 17 contiguous contiguous JJ 43297 848 18 strata strata NN 43297 848 19 ; ; : 43297 848 20 those those DT 43297 848 21 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 848 22 used use VBD 43297 848 23 having have VBG 43297 848 24 an an DT 43297 848 25 average average NN 43297 848 26 of of IN 43297 848 27 20 20 CD 43297 848 28 to to TO 43297 848 29 30 30 CD 43297 848 30 per per NN 43297 848 31 cent cent NN 43297 848 32 . . . 43297 849 1 of of IN 43297 849 2 alumina alumina NNP 43297 849 3 and and CC 43297 849 4 50 50 CD 43297 849 5 to to TO 43297 849 6 70 70 CD 43297 849 7 per per NN 43297 849 8 cent cent NN 43297 849 9 . . . 43297 850 1 of of IN 43297 850 2 silica silica NNP 43297 850 3 . . . 43297 851 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 851 2 appear appear VBP 43297 851 3 to to TO 43297 851 4 consist consist VB 43297 851 5 of of IN 43297 851 6 a a DT 43297 851 7 mixture mixture NN 43297 851 8 of of IN 43297 851 9 clay clay NN 43297 851 10 and and CC 43297 851 11 quartz quartz NN 43297 851 12 with with IN 43297 851 13 a a DT 43297 851 14 small small JJ 43297 851 15 proportion proportion NN 43297 851 16 of of IN 43297 851 17 other other JJ 43297 851 18 minerals mineral NNS 43297 851 19 , , , 43297 851 20 but but CC 43297 851 21 in in IN 43297 851 22 some some DT 43297 851 23 of of IN 43297 851 24 them -PRON- PRP 43297 851 25 a a DT 43297 851 26 portion portion NN 43297 851 27 of of IN 43297 851 28 the the DT 43297 851 29 clay clay NN 43297 851 30 is be VBZ 43297 851 31 replaced replace VBN 43297 851 32 by by IN 43297 851 33 halloysite halloysite NNP 43297 851 34 -- -- : 43297 851 35 another another DT 43297 851 36 hydro hydro NNP 43297 851 37 - - HYPH 43297 851 38 alumino alumino NNP 43297 851 39 - - HYPH 43297 851 40 silicate silicate NN 43297 851 41 with with IN 43297 851 42 the the DT 43297 851 43 formula formula NN 43297 851 44 H6Al2Si2O10 H6Al2Si2O10 NNS 43297 851 45 or or CC 43297 851 46 Al2O3.2SiO2.3H2O. Al2O3.2SiO2.3H2O. . 43297 852 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 852 2 grey grey JJ 43297 852 3 colour colour NN 43297 852 4 is be VBZ 43297 852 5 largely largely RB 43297 852 6 due due JJ 43297 852 7 to to IN 43297 852 8 vegetable vegetable NN 43297 852 9 ( ( -LRB- 43297 852 10 carbonaceous carbonaceous JJ 43297 852 11 ) ) -RRB- 43297 852 12 matter matter NN 43297 852 13 and and CC 43297 852 14 to to TO 43297 852 15 iron iron VB 43297 852 16 compounds compound NNS 43297 852 17 . . . 43297 853 1 The the DT 43297 853 2 latter latter JJ 43297 853 3 -- -- : 43297 853 4 usually usually RB 43297 853 5 in in IN 43297 853 6 the the DT 43297 853 7 form form NN 43297 853 8 of of IN 43297 853 9 pyrites pyrite NNS 43297 853 10 -- -- : 43297 853 11 is be VBZ 43297 853 12 detrimental detrimental JJ 43297 853 13 to to IN 43297 853 14 the the DT 43297 853 15 quality quality NN 43297 853 16 of of IN 43297 853 17 the the DT 43297 853 18 goods good NNS 43297 853 19 as as IN 43297 853 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 853 21 forms form VBZ 43297 853 22 a a DT 43297 853 23 readily readily RB 43297 853 24 fusible fusible JJ 43297 853 25 slag slag NN 43297 853 26 . . . 43297 854 1 Unlike unlike IN 43297 854 2 the the DT 43297 854 3 iron iron NN 43297 854 4 in in IN 43297 854 5 red red JJ 43297 854 6 - - HYPH 43297 854 7 burning burn VBG 43297 854 8 clays clay NNS 43297 854 9 it -PRON- PRP 43297 854 10 can can MD 43297 854 11 seldom seldom RB 43297 854 12 be be VB 43297 854 13 completely completely RB 43297 854 14 oxidized oxidize VBN 43297 854 15 and and CC 43297 854 16 so so RB 43297 854 17 rendered render VBN 43297 854 18 harmless harmless JJ 43297 854 19 . . . 43297 855 1 The the DT 43297 855 2 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 855 3 must must MD 43297 855 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 855 5 be be VB 43297 855 6 carefully carefully RB 43297 855 7 selected select VBN 43297 855 8 by by IN 43297 855 9 the the DT 43297 855 10 miners miner NNS 43297 855 11 . . . 43297 856 1 On on IN 43297 856 2 the the DT 43297 856 3 Continent continent NN 43297 856 4 , , , 43297 856 5 and and CC 43297 856 6 to to IN 43297 856 7 a a DT 43297 856 8 much much RB 43297 856 9 smaller small JJR 43297 856 10 extent extent NN 43297 856 11 in in IN 43297 856 12 Great Great NNP 43297 856 13 Britain Britain NNP 43297 856 14 , , , 43297 856 15 refractory refractory NN 43297 856 16 articles article NNS 43297 856 17 are be VBP 43297 856 18 made make VBN 43297 856 19 from from IN 43297 856 20 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 856 21 of of IN 43297 856 22 grog grog NNS 43297 856 23 or or CC 43297 856 24 burned burn VBD 43297 856 25 fireclay fireclay NNP 43297 856 26 with with IN 43297 856 27 just just RB 43297 856 28 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 856 29 raw raw JJ 43297 856 30 clay clay NN 43297 856 31 to to TO 43297 856 32 form form VB 43297 856 33 a a DT 43297 856 34 mass mass NN 43297 856 35 of of IN 43297 856 36 the the DT 43297 856 37 required require VBN 43297 856 38 strength strength NN 43297 856 39 . . . 43297 857 1 For for IN 43297 857 2 this this DT 43297 857 3 purpose purpose NN 43297 857 4 a a DT 43297 857 5 highly highly RB 43297 857 6 plastic plastic JJ 43297 857 7 , , , 43297 857 8 refractory refractory NN 43297 857 9 clay clay NN 43297 857 10 is be VBZ 43297 857 11 required require VBN 43297 857 12 and and CC 43297 857 13 the the DT 43297 857 14 Tertiary Tertiary NNP 43297 857 15 ball ball NN 43297 857 16 clays clay NNS 43297 857 17 of of IN 43297 857 18 Devon Devon NNP 43297 857 19 and and CC 43297 857 20 Dorset Dorset NNP 43297 857 21 ( ( -LRB- 43297 857 22 p. p. NN 43297 857 23 64 64 CD 43297 857 24 ) ) -RRB- 43297 857 25 are be VBP 43297 857 26 particularly particularly RB 43297 857 27 suitable suitable JJ 43297 857 28 . . . 43297 858 1 The the DT 43297 858 2 most most RBS 43297 858 3 important important JJ 43297 858 4 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 858 5 of of IN 43297 858 6 a a DT 43297 858 7 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 858 8 are be VBP 43297 858 9 that that IN 43297 858 10 it -PRON- PRP 43297 858 11 shall shall MD 43297 858 12 be be VB 43297 858 13 able able JJ 43297 858 14 to to TO 43297 858 15 resist resist VB 43297 858 16 any any DT 43297 858 17 temperature temperature NN 43297 858 18 to to TO 43297 858 19 which which WDT 43297 858 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 858 21 may may MD 43297 858 22 be be VB 43297 858 23 exposed expose VBN 43297 858 24 and and CC 43297 858 25 that that IN 43297 858 26 the the DT 43297 858 27 articles article NNS 43297 858 28 into into IN 43297 858 29 which which WDT 43297 858 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 858 31 is be VBZ 43297 858 32 made make VBN 43297 858 33 shall shall MD 43297 858 34 not not RB 43297 858 35 be be VB 43297 858 36 affected affect VBN 43297 858 37 by by IN 43297 858 38 rapid rapid JJ 43297 858 39 changes change NNS 43297 858 40 in in IN 43297 858 41 temperature temperature NN 43297 858 42 . . . 43297 859 1 Other other JJ 43297 859 2 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 859 3 of of IN 43297 859 4 importance importance NN 43297 859 5 in in IN 43297 859 6 some some DT 43297 859 7 industries industry NNS 43297 859 8 are be VBP 43297 859 9 the the DT 43297 859 10 resistance resistance NN 43297 859 11 to to TO 43297 859 12 corrosive corrosive JJ 43297 859 13 action action NN 43297 859 14 of of IN 43297 859 15 slags slag NNS 43297 859 16 and and CC 43297 859 17 vapours vapour NNS 43297 859 18 , , , 43297 859 19 to to IN 43297 859 20 cutting cutting NN 43297 859 21 and and CC 43297 859 22 abrasion abrasion NN 43297 859 23 by by IN 43297 859 24 dust dust NN 43297 859 25 in in IN 43297 859 26 flue flue NN 43297 859 27 - - HYPH 43297 859 28 gases gas NNS 43297 859 29 or or CC 43297 859 30 by by IN 43297 859 31 the the DT 43297 859 32 implements implement NNS 43297 859 33 used use VBN 43297 859 34 in in IN 43297 859 35 cleaning clean VBG 43297 859 36 the the DT 43297 859 37 fires fire NNS 43297 859 38 . . . 43297 860 1 For for IN 43297 860 2 those those DT 43297 860 3 purposes purpose NNS 43297 860 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 860 5 is be VBZ 43297 860 6 necessary necessary JJ 43297 860 7 that that IN 43297 860 8 a a DT 43297 860 9 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 860 10 should should MD 43297 860 11 possess possess VB 43297 860 12 high high JJ 43297 860 13 infusibility infusibility NN 43297 860 14 ( ( -LRB- 43297 860 15 p. p. NN 43297 860 16 32 32 CD 43297 860 17 ) ) -RRB- 43297 860 18 , , , 43297 860 19 a a DT 43297 860 20 low low JJ 43297 860 21 burning burning NN 43297 860 22 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 860 23 ( ( -LRB- 43297 860 24 p. p. NN 43297 860 25 29 29 CD 43297 860 26 ) ) -RRB- 43297 860 27 and and CC 43297 860 28 a a DT 43297 860 29 high high JJ 43297 860 30 degree degree NN 43297 860 31 of of IN 43297 860 32 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 860 33 ( ( -LRB- 43297 860 34 p. p. NN 43297 860 35 34 34 CD 43297 860 36 ) ) -RRB- 43297 860 37 , , , 43297 860 38 and and CC 43297 860 39 before before IN 43297 860 40 it -PRON- PRP 43297 860 41 is be VBZ 43297 860 42 used use VBN 43297 860 43 these these DT 43297 860 44 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 860 45 should should MD 43297 860 46 be be VB 43297 860 47 ascertained ascertain VBN 43297 860 48 by by IN 43297 860 49 means mean NNS 43297 860 50 of of IN 43297 860 51 definite definite JJ 43297 860 52 tests test NNS 43297 860 53 , , , 43297 860 54 as as IN 43297 860 55 they -PRON- PRP 43297 860 56 can can MD 43297 860 57 not not RB 43297 860 58 be be VB 43297 860 59 determined determine VBN 43297 860 60 by by IN 43297 860 61 inspection inspection NN 43297 860 62 of of IN 43297 860 63 a a DT 43297 860 64 sample sample NN 43297 860 65 or or CC 43297 860 66 from from IN 43297 860 67 a a DT 43297 860 68 study study NN 43297 860 69 of of IN 43297 860 70 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 860 71 chemical chemical NN 43297 860 72 analysis analysis NN 43297 860 73 . . . 43297 861 1 Several several JJ 43297 861 2 grades grade NNS 43297 861 3 of of IN 43297 861 4 fireclay fireclay NNP 43297 861 5 have have VBP 43297 861 6 long long RB 43297 861 7 been be VBN 43297 861 8 recognized recognize VBN 43297 861 9 on on IN 43297 861 10 the the DT 43297 861 11 Continent continent NN 43297 861 12 and and CC 43297 861 13 in in IN 43297 861 14 the the DT 43297 861 15 United United NNP 43297 861 16 States States NNP 43297 861 17 of of IN 43297 861 18 America America NNP 43297 861 19 , , , 43297 861 20 but but CC 43297 861 21 the the DT 43297 861 22 recent recent JJ 43297 861 23 Specification Specification NNP 43297 861 24 of of IN 43297 861 25 the the DT 43297 861 26 Institution Institution NNP 43297 861 27 of of IN 43297 861 28 Gas Gas NNP 43297 861 29 Engineers Engineers NNPS 43297 861 30 is be VBZ 43297 861 31 the the DT 43297 861 32 only only JJ 43297 861 33 official official JJ 43297 861 34 recognition recognition NN 43297 861 35 in in IN 43297 861 36 Great Great NNP 43297 861 37 Britain Britain NNP 43297 861 38 of of IN 43297 861 39 definite definite JJ 43297 861 40 grades grade NNS 43297 861 41 . . . 43297 862 1 This this DT 43297 862 2 specification specification NN 43297 862 3 defines define VBZ 43297 862 4 as as IN 43297 862 5 No no UH 43297 862 6 . . . 43297 863 1 1 1 CD 43297 863 2 grade grade NN 43297 863 3 a a DT 43297 863 4 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 863 5 which which WDT 43297 863 6 shows show VBZ 43297 863 7 no no DT 43297 863 8 signs sign NNS 43297 863 9 of of IN 43297 863 10 fusion fusion NN 43297 863 11 when when WRB 43297 863 12 heated heat VBN 43297 863 13 to to IN 43297 863 14 1670 1670 CD 43297 863 15 ° ° , 43297 863 16 C. C. NNP 43297 863 17 or or CC 43297 863 18 Cone Cone NNP 43297 863 19 30 30 CD 43297 863 20 at at IN 43297 863 21 the the DT 43297 863 22 rate rate NN 43297 863 23 of of IN 43297 863 24 10 10 CD 43297 863 25 ° ° NNS 43297 863 26 C. C. NNP 43297 863 27 per per IN 43297 863 28 minute minute NN 43297 863 29 , , , 43297 863 30 and and CC 43297 863 31 as as IN 43297 863 32 No no UH 43297 863 33 . . . 43297 864 1 2 2 CD 43297 864 2 grade grade NN 43297 864 3 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 864 4 those those DT 43297 864 5 which which WDT 43297 864 6 show show VBP 43297 864 7 no no DT 43297 864 8 signs sign NNS 43297 864 9 of of IN 43297 864 10 fusion fusion NN 43297 864 11 when when WRB 43297 864 12 similarly similarly RB 43297 864 13 heated heat VBN 43297 864 14 to to IN 43297 864 15 1580 1580 CD 43297 864 16 ° ° , 43297 864 17 C. C. NNP 43297 864 18 or or CC 43297 864 19 Cone Cone NNP 43297 864 20 26 26 CD 43297 864 21 . . . 43297 865 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 865 2 is be VBZ 43297 865 3 regarded regard VBN 43297 865 4 as as IN 43297 865 5 a a DT 43297 865 6 sign sign NN 43297 865 7 of of IN 43297 865 8 fusion fusion NN 43297 865 9 if if IN 43297 865 10 a a DT 43297 865 11 test test NN 43297 865 12 piece piece NN 43297 865 13 with with IN 43297 865 14 sharp sharp JJ 43297 865 15 angles angle NNS 43297 865 16 loses lose VBZ 43297 865 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 865 18 angularity angularity NN 43297 865 19 after after IN 43297 865 20 heating heat VBG 43297 865 21 to to IN 43297 865 22 a a DT 43297 865 23 predetermined predetermine VBN 43297 865 24 temperature temperature NN 43297 865 25 ( ( -LRB- 43297 865 26 see see VB 43297 865 27 p. p. NN 43297 865 28 35 35 CD 43297 865 29 ) ) -RRB- 43297 865 30 . . . 43297 866 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 866 2 is be VBZ 43297 866 3 customary customary JJ 43297 866 4 to to TO 43297 866 5 regard regard VB 43297 866 6 as as IN 43297 866 7 ' ' `` 43297 866 8 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 866 9 ' ' '' 43297 866 10 all all DT 43297 866 11 clays clay NNS 43297 866 12 which which WDT 43297 866 13 , , , 43297 866 14 when when WRB 43297 866 15 formed form VBN 43297 866 16 into into IN 43297 866 17 the the DT 43297 866 18 shape shape NN 43297 866 19 of of IN 43297 866 20 a a DT 43297 866 21 Seger Seger NNP 43297 866 22 Cone Cone NNP 43297 866 23 ( ( -LRB- 43297 866 24 fig fig NN 43297 866 25 . . . 43297 867 1 6 6 LS 43297 867 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 867 3 do do VBP 43297 867 4 not not RB 43297 867 5 bend bend VB 43297 867 6 on on IN 43297 867 7 heating heating NN 43297 867 8 slowly slowly RB 43297 867 9 until until IN 43297 867 10 a a DT 43297 867 11 temperature temperature NN 43297 867 12 of of IN 43297 867 13 1580 1580 CD 43297 867 14 ° ° , 43297 867 15 C. C. NNP 43297 867 16 ( ( -LRB- 43297 867 17 Cone Cone NNP 43297 867 18 26 26 CD 43297 867 19 ) ) -RRB- 43297 867 20 is be VBZ 43297 867 21 reached reach VBN 43297 867 22 . . . 43297 868 1 Any any DT 43297 868 2 clays clay NNS 43297 868 3 comprised comprise VBN 43297 868 4 within within IN 43297 868 5 this this DT 43297 868 6 definition definition NN 43297 868 7 and and CC 43297 868 8 yet yet CC 43297 868 9 not not RB 43297 868 10 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 868 11 refractory refractory JJ 43297 868 12 to to TO 43297 868 13 be be VB 43297 868 14 of of IN 43297 868 15 the the DT 43297 868 16 No no NN 43297 868 17 . . . 43297 869 1 2 2 CD 43297 869 2 grade grade NN 43297 869 3 just just RB 43297 869 4 mentioned mention VBN 43297 869 5 may may MD 43297 869 6 be be VB 43297 869 7 regarded regard VBN 43297 869 8 as as IN 43297 869 9 No no UH 43297 869 10 . . . 43297 870 1 3 3 CD 43297 870 2 grade grade NN 43297 870 3 fireclays fireclay VBZ 43297 870 4 . . . 43297 871 1 Many many JJ 43297 871 2 of of IN 43297 871 3 the the DT 43297 871 4 last last JJ 43297 871 5 named name VBN 43297 871 6 are be VBP 43297 871 7 well well RB 43297 871 8 suited suited JJ 43297 871 9 for for IN 43297 871 10 the the DT 43297 871 11 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 871 12 of of IN 43297 871 13 blocks block NNS 43297 871 14 for for IN 43297 871 15 domestic domestic JJ 43297 871 16 fireplaces fireplace NNS 43297 871 17 , , , 43297 871 18 for for IN 43297 871 19 glazed glazed JJ 43297 871 20 bricks brick NNS 43297 871 21 and and CC 43297 871 22 for for IN 43297 871 23 firebricks firebrick NNS 43297 871 24 not not RB 43297 871 25 intended intend VBN 43297 871 26 to to TO 43297 871 27 resist resist VB 43297 871 28 furnace furnace NN 43297 871 29 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 871 30 . . . 43297 872 1 To to TO 43297 872 2 resist resist VB 43297 872 3 sudden sudden JJ 43297 872 4 changes change NNS 43297 872 5 in in IN 43297 872 6 temperature temperature NN 43297 872 7 the the DT 43297 872 8 material material NN 43297 872 9 must must MD 43297 872 10 be be VB 43297 872 11 very very RB 43297 872 12 porous porous JJ 43297 872 13 -- -- : 43297 872 14 the the DT 43297 872 15 article article NN 43297 872 16 being be VBG 43297 872 17 capable capable JJ 43297 872 18 of of IN 43297 872 19 absorbing absorb VBG 43297 872 20 at at RB 43297 872 21 least least RBS 43297 872 22 one one CD 43297 872 23 - - HYPH 43297 872 24 sixth sixth NN 43297 872 25 of of IN 43297 872 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 872 27 volume volume NN 43297 872 28 of of IN 43297 872 29 water water NN 43297 872 30 . . . 43297 873 1 For for IN 43297 873 2 this this DT 43297 873 3 reason reason NN 43297 873 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 873 5 is be VBZ 43297 873 6 customary customary JJ 43297 873 7 to to TO 43297 873 8 mix mix VB 43297 873 9 fireclays fireclay VBZ 43297 873 10 with with IN 43297 873 11 a a DT 43297 873 12 large large JJ 43297 873 13 proportion proportion NN 43297 873 14 of of IN 43297 873 15 non non JJ 43297 873 16 - - JJ 43297 873 17 plastic plastic JJ 43297 873 18 material material NN 43297 873 19 of of IN 43297 873 20 a a DT 43297 873 21 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 873 22 coarse coarse JJ 43297 873 23 texture texture NN 43297 873 24 , , , 43297 873 25 the the DT 43297 873 26 substance substance NN 43297 873 27 most most RBS 43297 873 28 generally generally RB 43297 873 29 employed employ VBN 43297 873 30 being be VBG 43297 873 31 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 873 32 which which WDT 43297 873 33 has have VBZ 43297 873 34 been be VBN 43297 873 35 previously previously RB 43297 873 36 burned burn VBN 43297 873 37 and and CC 43297 873 38 then then RB 43297 873 39 crushed crush VBD 43297 873 40 . . . 43297 874 1 This this DT 43297 874 2 material material NN 43297 874 3 is be VBZ 43297 874 4 known know VBN 43297 874 5 as as IN 43297 874 6 _ _ NNP 43297 874 7 grog grog NNP 43297 874 8 _ _ NNP 43297 874 9 or or CC 43297 874 10 _ _ NNP 43297 874 11 chamotte chamotte NN 43297 874 12 _ _ NNP 43297 874 13 and and CC 43297 874 14 has have VBZ 43297 874 15 the the DT 43297 874 16 advantage advantage NN 43297 874 17 over over IN 43297 874 18 other other JJ 43297 874 19 substances substance NNS 43297 874 20 of of IN 43297 874 21 not not RB 43297 874 22 affecting affect VBG 43297 874 23 the the DT 43297 874 24 composition composition NN 43297 874 25 of of IN 43297 874 26 the the DT 43297 874 27 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 874 28 to to TO 43297 874 29 which which WDT 43297 874 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 874 31 is be VBZ 43297 874 32 added add VBN 43297 874 33 , , , 43297 874 34 whilst whilst IN 43297 874 35 greatly greatly RB 43297 874 36 increasing increase VBG 43297 874 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 874 38 technical technical JJ 43297 874 39 usefulness usefulness NN 43297 874 40 . . . 43297 875 1 The the DT 43297 875 2 addition addition NN 43297 875 3 of of IN 43297 875 4 grog grog NNS 43297 875 5 also also RB 43297 875 6 reduces reduce VBZ 43297 875 7 the the DT 43297 875 8 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 875 9 of of IN 43297 875 10 the the DT 43297 875 11 clay clay NN 43297 875 12 during during IN 43297 875 13 drying drying NN 43297 875 14 and and CC 43297 875 15 ensures ensure VBZ 43297 875 16 a a DT 43297 875 17 sounder sounder NN 43297 875 18 article article NN 43297 875 19 being be VBG 43297 875 20 produced produce VBN 43297 875 21 . . . 43297 876 1 The the DT 43297 876 2 most most RBS 43297 876 3 serious serious JJ 43297 876 4 impurities impurity NNS 43297 876 5 in in IN 43297 876 6 refractory refractory JJ 43297 876 7 clays clay NNS 43297 876 8 are be VBP 43297 876 9 lime lime JJR 43297 876 10 , , , 43297 876 11 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 876 12 , , , 43297 876 13 soda soda NNP 43297 876 14 , , , 43297 876 15 potash potash NN 43297 876 16 and and CC 43297 876 17 titanium titanium NN 43297 876 18 and and CC 43297 876 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 876 20 compounds compound NNS 43297 876 21 as as IN 43297 876 22 they -PRON- PRP 43297 876 23 lower lower VBP 43297 876 24 the the DT 43297 876 25 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 876 26 of of IN 43297 876 27 the the DT 43297 876 28 material material NN 43297 876 29 . . . 43297 877 1 Iron iron NN 43297 877 2 , , , 43297 877 3 in in IN 43297 877 4 the the DT 43297 877 5 state state NN 43297 877 6 of of IN 43297 877 7 ferric ferric JJ 43297 877 8 oxide oxide NN 43297 877 9 is be VBZ 43297 877 10 of of IN 43297 877 11 less less JJR 43297 877 12 importance importance NN 43297 877 13 , , , 43297 877 14 but but CC 43297 877 15 pyrites pyrite NNS 43297 877 16 and and CC 43297 877 17 all all DT 43297 877 18 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 877 19 compounds compound NNS 43297 877 20 are be VBP 43297 877 21 particularly particularly RB 43297 877 22 objectionable objectionable JJ 43297 877 23 . . . 43297 878 1 Pyritic pyritic JJ 43297 878 2 and and CC 43297 878 3 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 878 4 nodules nodule NNS 43297 878 5 may may MD 43297 878 6 , , , 43297 878 7 to to IN 43297 878 8 a a DT 43297 878 9 large large JJ 43297 878 10 extent extent NN 43297 878 11 , , , 43297 878 12 be be VB 43297 878 13 removed remove VBN 43297 878 14 by by IN 43297 878 15 picking pick VBG 43297 878 16 , , , 43297 878 17 and and CC 43297 878 18 by by IN 43297 878 19 throwing throw VBG 43297 878 20 away away RP 43297 878 21 lumps lump NNS 43297 878 22 in in IN 43297 878 23 which which WDT 43297 878 24 they -PRON- PRP 43297 878 25 are be VBP 43297 878 26 seen see VBN 43297 878 27 to to TO 43297 878 28 occur occur VB 43297 878 29 . . . 43297 879 1 There there EX 43297 879 2 is be VBZ 43297 879 3 , , , 43297 879 4 at at IN 43297 879 5 present present NN 43297 879 6 , , , 43297 879 7 no no DT 43297 879 8 other other JJ 43297 879 9 means mean NNS 43297 879 10 of of IN 43297 879 11 removing remove VBG 43297 879 12 them -PRON- PRP 43297 879 13 . . . 43297 880 1 Fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 880 2 may may MD 43297 880 3 be be VB 43297 880 4 ground grind VBN 43297 880 5 directly directly RB 43297 880 6 they -PRON- PRP 43297 880 7 come come VBP 43297 880 8 from from IN 43297 880 9 the the DT 43297 880 10 mine mine NN 43297 880 11 , , , 43297 880 12 but but CC 43297 880 13 it -PRON- PRP 43297 880 14 is be VBZ 43297 880 15 usually usually RB 43297 880 16 better well JJR 43297 880 17 to to TO 43297 880 18 expose expose VB 43297 880 19 them -PRON- PRP 43297 880 20 to to IN 43297 880 21 the the DT 43297 880 22 action action NN 43297 880 23 of of IN 43297 880 24 the the DT 43297 880 25 weather weather NN 43297 880 26 as as IN 43297 880 27 this this DT 43297 880 28 effects effect VBZ 43297 880 29 various various JJ 43297 880 30 chemical chemical NN 43297 880 31 and and CC 43297 880 32 physical physical JJ 43297 880 33 changes change NNS 43297 880 34 within within IN 43297 880 35 the the DT 43297 880 36 material material NN 43297 880 37 , , , 43297 880 38 which which WDT 43297 880 39 improves improve VBZ 43297 880 40 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 880 41 quality quality NN 43297 880 42 as as RB 43297 880 43 well well RB 43297 880 44 as as IN 43297 880 45 reduces reduce VBZ 43297 880 46 the the DT 43297 880 47 power power NN 43297 880 48 required require VBN 43297 880 49 to to TO 43297 880 50 crush crush VB 43297 880 51 it -PRON- PRP 43297 880 52 . . . 43297 881 1 To to TO 43297 881 2 take take VB 43297 881 3 full full JJ 43297 881 4 advantage advantage NN 43297 881 5 of of IN 43297 881 6 the the DT 43297 881 7 refractory refractory JJ 43297 881 8 qualities quality NNS 43297 881 9 of of IN 43297 881 10 a a DT 43297 881 11 clay clay NN 43297 881 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 881 13 is be VBZ 43297 881 14 necessary necessary JJ 43297 881 15 to to TO 43297 881 16 select select VB 43297 881 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 881 18 with with IN 43297 881 19 skill skill NN 43297 881 20 , , , 43297 881 21 prepare prepare VB 43297 881 22 and and CC 43297 881 23 mould mould VB 43297 881 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 881 25 with with IN 43297 881 26 care care NN 43297 881 27 , , , 43297 881 28 to to TO 43297 881 29 burn burn VB 43297 881 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 881 31 slowly slowly RB 43297 881 32 and and CC 43297 881 33 steadily steadily RB 43297 881 34 , , , 43297 881 35 to to TO 43297 881 36 finish finish VB 43297 881 37 the the DT 43297 881 38 heating heating NN 43297 881 39 at at IN 43297 881 40 a a DT 43297 881 41 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 881 42 high high JJ 43297 881 43 temperature temperature NN 43297 881 44 and and CC 43297 881 45 to to TO 43297 881 46 cool cool VB 43297 881 47 the the DT 43297 881 48 ware ware NN 43297 881 49 slowly slowly RB 43297 881 50 . . . 43297 882 1 Rapidly rapidly RB 43297 882 2 heated heated JJ 43297 882 3 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 882 4 is be VBZ 43297 882 5 seldom seldom RB 43297 882 6 so so RB 43297 882 7 resistant resistant JJ 43297 882 8 to to TO 43297 882 9 heat heat VB 43297 882 10 under under IN 43297 882 11 commercial commercial JJ 43297 882 12 conditions condition NNS 43297 882 13 as as IN 43297 882 14 that that DT 43297 882 15 which which WDT 43297 882 16 has have VBZ 43297 882 17 been be VBN 43297 882 18 more more RBR 43297 882 19 steadily steadily RB 43297 882 20 fired fire VBN 43297 882 21 . . . 43297 883 1 Rapid rapid JJ 43297 883 2 or or CC 43297 883 3 irregular irregular JJ 43297 883 4 heating heating NN 43297 883 5 causes cause VBZ 43297 883 6 an an DT 43297 883 7 irregular irregular JJ 43297 883 8 formation formation NN 43297 883 9 and and CC 43297 883 10 distribution distribution NN 43297 883 11 of of IN 43297 883 12 the the DT 43297 883 13 fused fuse VBN 43297 883 14 material material NN 43297 883 15 during during IN 43297 883 16 the the DT 43297 883 17 process process NN 43297 883 18 of of IN 43297 883 19 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 883 20 ( ( -LRB- 43297 883 21 p. p. NN 43297 883 22 37 37 CD 43297 883 23 ) ) -RRB- 43297 883 24 and and CC 43297 883 25 so so RB 43297 883 26 produces produce VBZ 43297 883 27 goods good NNS 43297 883 28 which which WDT 43297 883 29 are be VBP 43297 883 30 too too RB 43297 883 31 tender tender JJ 43297 883 32 to to TO 43297 883 33 be be VB 43297 883 34 durable durable JJ 43297 883 35 . . . 43297 884 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 884 2 is be VBZ 43297 884 3 , , , 43297 884 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 884 5 , , , 43297 884 6 necessary necessary JJ 43297 884 7 to to TO 43297 884 8 exercise exercise VB 43297 884 9 great great JJ 43297 884 10 care care NN 43297 884 11 in in IN 43297 884 12 the the DT 43297 884 13 firing firing NN 43297 884 14 . . . 43297 885 1 = = NFP 43297 885 2 Shales= shales= NN 43297 885 3 are be VBP 43297 885 4 rocks rock NNS 43297 885 5 which which WDT 43297 885 6 have have VBP 43297 885 7 been be VBN 43297 885 8 subjected subject VBN 43297 885 9 to to IN 43297 885 10 considerable considerable JJ 43297 885 11 pressure pressure NN 43297 885 12 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 885 13 to to IN 43297 885 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 885 15 deposition deposition NN 43297 885 16 and and CC 43297 885 17 are be VBP 43297 885 18 , , , 43297 885 19 consequently consequently RB 43297 885 20 , , , 43297 885 21 laminated laminate VBN 43297 885 22 and and CC 43297 885 23 more more RBR 43297 885 24 readily readily RB 43297 885 25 split split VBN 43297 885 26 in in IN 43297 885 27 one one CD 43297 885 28 direction direction NN 43297 885 29 than than IN 43297 885 30 in in IN 43297 885 31 others other NNS 43297 885 32 . . . 43297 886 1 Some some DT 43297 886 2 shales shale NNS 43297 886 3 are be VBP 43297 886 4 almost almost RB 43297 886 5 entirely entirely RB 43297 886 6 composed compose VBN 43297 886 7 of of IN 43297 886 8 silica silica NN 43297 886 9 or or CC 43297 886 10 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 886 11 matter matter NN 43297 886 12 , , , 43297 886 13 but but CC 43297 886 14 many many JJ 43297 886 15 others other NNS 43297 886 16 are be VBP 43297 886 17 rich rich JJ 43297 886 18 in in IN 43297 886 19 clay clay NN 43297 886 20 , , , 43297 886 21 the the DT 43297 886 22 term term NN 43297 886 23 referring refer VBG 43297 886 24 to to IN 43297 886 25 physical physical JJ 43297 886 26 structure structure NN 43297 886 27 and and CC 43297 886 28 not not RB 43297 886 29 to to IN 43297 886 30 chemical chemical JJ 43297 886 31 composition composition NN 43297 886 32 . . . 43297 887 1 The the DT 43297 887 2 clay clay NN 43297 887 3 - - HYPH 43297 887 4 shales shale NNS 43297 887 5 occur occur VBP 43297 887 6 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 887 7 in in IN 43297 887 8 the the DT 43297 887 9 Silurian silurian JJ 43297 887 10 and and CC 43297 887 11 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 43297 887 12 formations formation NNS 43297 887 13 , , , 43297 887 14 the the DT 43297 887 15 latter latter JJ 43297 887 16 being be VBG 43297 887 17 more more RBR 43297 887 18 generally generally RB 43297 887 19 used use VBN 43297 887 20 by by IN 43297 887 21 clayworkers clayworker NNS 43297 887 22 . . . 43297 888 1 Clay clay NN 43297 888 2 - - HYPH 43297 888 3 shales shale NNS 43297 888 4 are be VBP 43297 888 5 valued value VBN 43297 888 6 according accord VBG 43297 888 7 to to IN 43297 888 8 ( ( -LRB- 43297 888 9 _ _ NNP 43297 888 10 a a DT 43297 888 11 _ _ NNP 43297 888 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 888 13 the the DT 43297 888 14 proportion proportion NN 43297 888 15 of of IN 43297 888 16 oil oil NN 43297 888 17 which which WDT 43297 888 18 can can MD 43297 888 19 be be VB 43297 888 20 distilled distil VBN 43297 888 21 from from IN 43297 888 22 them -PRON- PRP 43297 888 23 , , , 43297 888 24 those those DT 43297 888 25 rich rich JJ 43297 888 26 in in IN 43297 888 27 this this DT 43297 888 28 respect respect NN 43297 888 29 being be VBG 43297 888 30 termed term VBN 43297 888 31 _ _ NNP 43297 888 32 oil oil NN 43297 888 33 shales shale NNS 43297 888 34 _ _ NNP 43297 888 35 ; ; : 43297 888 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 888 37 _ _ NNP 43297 888 38 b b NNP 43297 888 39 _ _ NNP 43297 888 40 ) ) -RRB- 43297 888 41 the the DT 43297 888 42 colour colour NN 43297 888 43 when when WRB 43297 888 44 burned burn VBN 43297 888 45 , , , 43297 888 46 as as IN 43297 888 47 in in IN 43297 888 48 _ _ NNP 43297 888 49 brickmaking brickmaking NN 43297 888 50 and and CC 43297 888 51 terra terra NN 43297 888 52 - - HYPH 43297 888 53 cotta cotta NN 43297 888 54 shales shale NNS 43297 888 55 _ _ NNP 43297 888 56 ; ; : 43297 888 57 ( ( -LRB- 43297 888 58 _ _ NNP 43297 888 59 c c NNP 43297 888 60 _ _ NNP 43297 888 61 ) ) -RRB- 43297 888 62 the the DT 43297 888 63 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 888 64 , , , 43297 888 65 as as IN 43297 888 66 in in IN 43297 888 67 _ _ NNP 43297 888 68 fireclay fireclay NNP 43297 888 69 shales shale VBZ 43297 888 70 _ _ NNP 43297 888 71 and and CC 43297 888 72 ( ( -LRB- 43297 888 73 _ _ NNP 43297 888 74 d d NNP 43297 888 75 _ _ NNP 43297 888 76 ) ) -RRB- 43297 888 77 the the DT 43297 888 78 facility facility NN 43297 888 79 with with IN 43297 888 80 which which WDT 43297 888 81 they -PRON- PRP 43297 888 82 are be VBP 43297 888 83 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 888 84 on on IN 43297 888 85 exposure exposure NN 43297 888 86 or or CC 43297 888 87 on on IN 43297 888 88 heating heating NN 43297 888 89 and and CC 43297 888 90 form form NN 43297 888 91 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 888 92 acid acid NN 43297 888 93 as as IN 43297 888 94 in in IN 43297 888 95 _ _ NNP 43297 888 96 alum alum NNP 43297 888 97 shales shales NNP 43297 888 98 _ _ NNP 43297 888 99 . . . 43297 889 1 _ _ NNP 43297 889 2 Oil Oil NNP 43297 889 3 shales shale NNS 43297 889 4 _ _ NNP 43297 889 5 contain contain VBP 43297 889 6 so so RB 43297 889 7 much much JJ 43297 889 8 carbonaceous carbonaceous JJ 43297 889 9 matter matter NN 43297 889 10 that that IN 43297 889 11 on on IN 43297 889 12 distillation distillation NN 43297 889 13 at at IN 43297 889 14 a a DT 43297 889 15 low low JJ 43297 889 16 red red JJ 43297 889 17 heat heat NN 43297 889 18 they -PRON- PRP 43297 889 19 yield yield VBP 43297 889 20 commercially commercially RB 43297 889 21 remunerative remunerative JJ 43297 889 22 quantities quantity NNS 43297 889 23 of of IN 43297 889 24 a a DT 43297 889 25 crude crude JJ 43297 889 26 oil oil NN 43297 889 27 termed term VBN 43297 889 28 _ _ NNP 43297 889 29 shale shale NNP 43297 889 30 tar tar NNP 43297 889 31 _ _ NNP 43297 889 32 . . . 43297 890 1 In in IN 43297 890 2 composition composition NN 43297 890 3 they -PRON- PRP 43297 890 4 are be VBP 43297 890 5 intermediate intermediate JJ 43297 890 6 between between IN 43297 890 7 cannel cannel NN 43297 890 8 coal coal NN 43297 890 9 and and CC 43297 890 10 a a DT 43297 890 11 purely purely RB 43297 890 12 mineral mineral NN 43297 890 13 shale shale NNP 43297 890 14 . . . 43297 891 1 To to TO 43297 891 2 be be VB 43297 891 3 of of IN 43297 891 4 value value NN 43297 891 5 they -PRON- PRP 43297 891 6 should should MD 43297 891 7 not not RB 43297 891 8 yield yield VB 43297 891 9 less less JJR 43297 891 10 than than IN 43297 891 11 30 30 CD 43297 891 12 gallons gallon NNS 43297 891 13 of of IN 43297 891 14 crude crude JJ 43297 891 15 oil oil NN 43297 891 16 per per IN 43297 891 17 ton ton NN 43297 891 18 of of IN 43297 891 19 shale shale NNP 43297 891 20 , , , 43297 891 21 with with IN 43297 891 22 ammonia ammonia NNP 43297 891 23 and and CC 43297 891 24 illuminating illuminate VBG 43297 891 25 gas gas NN 43297 891 26 as as IN 43297 891 27 by by NNS 43297 891 28 - - HYPH 43297 891 29 products product NNS 43297 891 30 . . . 43297 892 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 892 2 are be VBP 43297 892 3 of of IN 43297 892 4 Silurian silurian JJ 43297 892 5 , , , 43297 892 6 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 43297 892 7 or or CC 43297 892 8 Oolitic oolitic JJ 43297 892 9 origin origin NN 43297 892 10 , , , 43297 892 11 the the DT 43297 892 12 Kimeridge Kimeridge NNP 43297 892 13 shale shale NNP 43297 892 14 associated associate VBN 43297 892 15 with with IN 43297 892 16 the the DT 43297 892 17 last last RB 43297 892 18 - - HYPH 43297 892 19 named name VBN 43297 892 20 being be VBG 43297 892 21 very very RB 43297 892 22 valuable valuable JJ 43297 892 23 in in IN 43297 892 24 this this DT 43297 892 25 respect respect NN 43297 892 26 . . . 43297 893 1 The the DT 43297 893 2 most most RBS 43297 893 3 important important JJ 43297 893 4 oil oil NN 43297 893 5 shales shale NNS 43297 893 6 occur occur VBP 43297 893 7 in in IN 43297 893 8 Scotland Scotland NNP 43297 893 9 . . . 43297 894 1 The the DT 43297 894 2 _ _ NNP 43297 894 3 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 894 4 shales shale NNS 43297 894 5 _ _ NNP 43297 894 6 have have VBP 43297 894 7 already already RB 43297 894 8 been be VBN 43297 894 9 described describe VBN 43297 894 10 on on IN 43297 894 11 pages page NNS 43297 894 12 53 53 CD 43297 894 13 and and CC 43297 894 14 116 116 CD 43297 894 15 . . . 43297 895 1 The the DT 43297 895 2 _ _ NNP 43297 895 3 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 895 4 shales shale NNS 43297 895 5 _ _ NNP 43297 895 6 are be VBP 43297 895 7 those those DT 43297 895 8 which which WDT 43297 895 9 are be VBP 43297 895 10 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 895 11 rich rich JJ 43297 895 12 in in IN 43297 895 13 clay clay NN 43297 895 14 to to TO 43297 895 15 form form VB 43297 895 16 a a DT 43297 895 17 plastic plastic JJ 43297 895 18 paste paste NN 43297 895 19 when when WRB 43297 895 20 ground ground NN 43297 895 21 and and CC 43297 895 22 mixed mix VBN 43297 895 23 with with IN 43297 895 24 water water NN 43297 895 25 . . . 43297 896 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 896 2 can can MD 43297 896 3 be be VB 43297 896 4 made make VBN 43297 896 5 into into IN 43297 896 6 bricks brick NNS 43297 896 7 of of IN 43297 896 8 excellent excellent JJ 43297 896 9 colour colour NN 43297 896 10 and and CC 43297 896 11 great great JJ 43297 896 12 strength strength NN 43297 896 13 , , , 43297 896 14 but but CC 43297 896 15 for for IN 43297 896 16 this this DT 43297 896 17 purpose purpose NN 43297 896 18 require require VBP 43297 896 19 the the DT 43297 896 20 use use NN 43297 896 21 of of IN 43297 896 22 powerful powerful JJ 43297 896 23 crushing crushing NN 43297 896 24 and and CC 43297 896 25 mixing mix VBG 43297 896 26 machinery machinery NN 43297 896 27 . . . 43297 897 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 897 2 are be VBP 43297 897 3 usually usually RB 43297 897 4 converted convert VBN 43297 897 5 into into IN 43297 897 6 a a DT 43297 897 7 stiff stiff JJ 43297 897 8 paste paste NN 43297 897 9 of of IN 43297 897 10 only only JJ 43297 897 11 moderate moderate JJ 43297 897 12 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 897 13 and and CC 43297 897 14 are be VBP 43297 897 15 then then RB 43297 897 16 moulded mould VBN 43297 897 17 by by IN 43297 897 18 machinery machinery NN 43297 897 19 in in IN 43297 897 20 specially specially RB 43297 897 21 designed design VBN 43297 897 22 presses press NNS 43297 897 23 , , , 43297 897 24 though though IN 43297 897 25 some some DT 43297 897 26 firebricks firebrick NNS 43297 897 27 are be VBP 43297 897 28 made make VBN 43297 897 29 from from IN 43297 897 30 crushed crush VBN 43297 897 31 shale shale JJ 43297 897 32 mixed mix VBN 43297 897 33 into into IN 43297 897 34 a a DT 43297 897 35 soft soft JJ 43297 897 36 paste paste NN 43297 897 37 with with IN 43297 897 38 water water NN 43297 897 39 and and CC 43297 897 40 afterwards afterwards RB 43297 897 41 moulded mould VBN 43297 897 42 by by IN 43297 897 43 hand hand NN 43297 897 44 . . . 43297 898 1 Some some DT 43297 898 2 shales shale NNS 43297 898 3 , , , 43297 898 4 such such JJ 43297 898 5 as as IN 43297 898 6 the the DT 43297 898 7 _ _ NNP 43297 898 8 knotts knotts NNP 43297 898 9 _ _ NNP 43297 898 10 at at IN 43297 898 11 Fletton Fletton NNP 43297 898 12 near near IN 43297 898 13 Peterborough Peterborough NNP 43297 898 14 are be VBP 43297 898 15 not not RB 43297 898 16 made make VBN 43297 898 17 into into IN 43297 898 18 a a DT 43297 898 19 paste paste NN 43297 898 20 , , , 43297 898 21 the the DT 43297 898 22 moist moist NN 43297 898 23 powdered powder VBN 43297 898 24 shale shale NNP 43297 898 25 being be VBG 43297 898 26 pressed press VBN 43297 898 27 into into IN 43297 898 28 bricks brick NNS 43297 898 29 by by IN 43297 898 30 very very RB 43297 898 31 powerful powerful JJ 43297 898 32 machinery machinery NN 43297 898 33 . . . 43297 899 1 Brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 899 2 shales shale NNS 43297 899 3 may may MD 43297 899 4 be be VB 43297 899 5 found find VBN 43297 899 6 in in IN 43297 899 7 any any DT 43297 899 8 of of IN 43297 899 9 the the DT 43297 899 10 older old JJR 43297 899 11 geological geological JJ 43297 899 12 formations formation NNS 43297 899 13 , , , 43297 899 14 though though IN 43297 899 15 they -PRON- PRP 43297 899 16 occur occur VBP 43297 899 17 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 899 18 in in IN 43297 899 19 the the DT 43297 899 20 Silurian silurian JJ 43297 899 21 , , , 43297 899 22 Permian permian JJ 43297 899 23 , , , 43297 899 24 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP 43297 899 25 and and CC 43297 899 26 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 43297 899 27 systems system NNS 43297 899 28 . . . 43297 900 1 The the DT 43297 900 2 purer purer NN 43297 900 3 shales shale NNS 43297 900 4 of of IN 43297 900 5 the the DT 43297 900 6 Coal Coal NNP 43297 900 7 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 900 8 burn burn VBP 43297 900 9 to to IN 43297 900 10 an an DT 43297 900 11 agreeable agreeable JJ 43297 900 12 cream cream NN 43297 900 13 or or CC 43297 900 14 buff buff NN 43297 900 15 colour colour NN 43297 900 16 , , , 43297 900 17 the the DT 43297 900 18 less less RBR 43297 900 19 pure pure JJ 43297 900 20 ones one NNS 43297 900 21 and and CC 43297 900 22 those those DT 43297 900 23 of of IN 43297 900 24 the the DT 43297 900 25 other other JJ 43297 900 26 formations formation NNS 43297 900 27 mentioned mention VBD 43297 900 28 produce produce VBP 43297 900 29 articles article NNS 43297 900 30 of of IN 43297 900 31 a a DT 43297 900 32 brick brick NN 43297 900 33 - - HYPH 43297 900 34 red red JJ 43297 900 35 or or CC 43297 900 36 blue blue JJ 43297 900 37 - - HYPH 43297 900 38 grey grey JJ 43297 900 39 colour colour NN 43297 900 40 . . . 43297 901 1 Where where WRB 43297 901 2 the the DT 43297 901 3 shales shale NNS 43297 901 4 are be VBP 43297 901 5 of of IN 43297 901 6 exceptionally exceptionally RB 43297 901 7 fine fine JJ 43297 901 8 grain grain NN 43297 901 9 and and CC 43297 901 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 901 11 colour colour NN 43297 901 12 when when WRB 43297 901 13 burned burn VBN 43297 901 14 is be VBZ 43297 901 15 very very RB 43297 901 16 uniform uniform JJ 43297 901 17 and and CC 43297 901 18 of of IN 43297 901 19 a a DT 43297 901 20 pleasing pleasing JJ 43297 901 21 tint tint NN 43297 901 22 they -PRON- PRP 43297 901 23 are be VBP 43297 901 24 known know VBN 43297 901 25 as as IN 43297 901 26 _ _ NNP 43297 901 27 terra terra NNP 43297 901 28 - - HYPH 43297 901 29 cotta cotta NNP 43297 901 30 _ _ NNP 43297 901 31 shales shale NNS 43297 901 32 , , , 43297 901 33 the the DT 43297 901 34 red red JJ 43297 901 35 terra terra NNP 43297 901 36 - - HYPH 43297 901 37 cottas cotta NNS 43297 901 38 being be VBG 43297 901 39 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 901 40 made make VBN 43297 901 41 from from IN 43297 901 42 those those DT 43297 901 43 occurring occur VBG 43297 901 44 in in IN 43297 901 45 Wales Wales NNP 43297 901 46 and and CC 43297 901 47 the the DT 43297 901 48 buff buff JJ 43297 901 49 ones one NNS 43297 901 50 from from IN 43297 901 51 the the DT 43297 901 52 lower low JJR 43297 901 53 grade grade NN 43297 901 54 fireclays fireclay VBZ 43297 901 55 of of IN 43297 901 56 the the DT 43297 901 57 Coal Coal NNP 43297 901 58 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 901 59 . . . 43297 902 1 _ _ NNP 43297 902 2 Alum Alum NNP 43297 902 3 shales shale NNS 43297 902 4 _ _ NNP 43297 902 5 are be VBP 43297 902 6 characterised characterise VBN 43297 902 7 by by IN 43297 902 8 a a DT 43297 902 9 high high JJ 43297 902 10 proportion proportion NN 43297 902 11 of of IN 43297 902 12 pyrites pyrite NNS 43297 902 13 , , , 43297 902 14 which which WDT 43297 902 15 , , , 43297 902 16 on on IN 43297 902 17 roasting roast VBG 43297 902 18 , , , 43297 902 19 form form VB 43297 902 20 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 902 21 sulphate sulphate NN 43297 902 22 and and CC 43297 902 23 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 902 24 acid acid NN 43297 902 25 . . . 43297 903 1 The the DT 43297 903 2 latter latter JJ 43297 903 3 combines combine VBZ 43297 903 4 with with IN 43297 903 5 the the DT 43297 903 6 alumina alumina NNP 43297 903 7 in in IN 43297 903 8 the the DT 43297 903 9 shale shale NNP 43297 903 10 and and CC 43297 903 11 when when WRB 43297 903 12 the the DT 43297 903 13 roasted roasted JJ 43297 903 14 ore ore NN 43297 903 15 is be VBZ 43297 903 16 extracted extract VBN 43297 903 17 with with IN 43297 903 18 water water NN 43297 903 19 a a DT 43297 903 20 solution solution NN 43297 903 21 of of IN 43297 903 22 iron iron NN 43297 903 23 sulphate sulphate NN 43297 903 24 and and CC 43297 903 25 aluminium aluminium NN 43297 903 26 sulphate sulphate NN 43297 903 27 is be VBZ 43297 903 28 obtained obtain VBN 43297 903 29 . . . 43297 904 1 From from IN 43297 904 2 this this DT 43297 904 3 solution solution NN 43297 904 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 904 5 after after IN 43297 904 6 partial partial JJ 43297 904 7 evaporation evaporation NN 43297 904 8 ) ) -RRB- 43297 904 9 alum alum NNP 43297 904 10 crystals crystal NNS 43297 904 11 are be VBP 43297 904 12 obtained obtain VBN 43297 904 13 by by IN 43297 904 14 the the DT 43297 904 15 addition addition NN 43297 904 16 of of IN 43297 904 17 potassium potassium NN 43297 904 18 or or CC 43297 904 19 ammonium ammonium NN 43297 904 20 sulphate sulphate NN 43297 904 21 . . . 43297 905 1 The the DT 43297 905 2 chief chief JJ 43297 905 3 alum alum NN 43297 905 4 shales shale NNS 43297 905 5 are be VBP 43297 905 6 those those DT 43297 905 7 of of IN 43297 905 8 the the DT 43297 905 9 Silurian silurian JJ 43297 905 10 formation formation NN 43297 905 11 in in IN 43297 905 12 Scotland Scotland NNP 43297 905 13 and and CC 43297 905 14 Scandinavia Scandinavia NNP 43297 905 15 . . . 43297 906 1 The the DT 43297 906 2 Liassic liassic JJ 43297 906 3 shales shale NNS 43297 906 4 of of IN 43297 906 5 Whitby Whitby NNP 43297 906 6 were be VBD 43297 906 7 at at IN 43297 906 8 one one CD 43297 906 9 time time NN 43297 906 10 an an DT 43297 906 11 equally equally RB 43297 906 12 important important JJ 43297 906 13 source source NN 43297 906 14 of of IN 43297 906 15 alum alum NN 43297 906 16 . . . 43297 907 1 During during IN 43297 907 2 recent recent JJ 43297 907 3 years year NNS 43297 907 4 a a DT 43297 907 5 large large JJ 43297 907 6 amount amount NN 43297 907 7 of of IN 43297 907 8 alum alum NN 43297 907 9 has have VBZ 43297 907 10 been be VBN 43297 907 11 obtained obtain VBN 43297 907 12 from from IN 43297 907 13 other other JJ 43297 907 14 sources source NNS 43297 907 15 or or CC 43297 907 16 has have VBZ 43297 907 17 been be VBN 43297 907 18 made make VBN 43297 907 19 from from IN 43297 907 20 the the DT 43297 907 21 lower low JJR 43297 907 22 grade grade NN 43297 907 23 Dorset Dorset NNP 43297 907 24 and and CC 43297 907 25 Devonshire Devonshire NNP 43297 907 26 ball ball NN 43297 907 27 clays clay NNS 43297 907 28 by by IN 43297 907 29 calcining calcine VBG 43297 907 30 them -PRON- PRP 43297 907 31 and and CC 43297 907 32 then then RB 43297 907 33 treating treat VBG 43297 907 34 them -PRON- PRP 43297 907 35 with with IN 43297 907 36 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 907 37 acid acid NN 43297 907 38 . . . 43297 908 1 These these DT 43297 908 2 clays clay NNS 43297 908 3 being be VBG 43297 908 4 almost almost RB 43297 908 5 free free JJ 43297 908 6 from from IN 43297 908 7 iron iron NN 43297 908 8 compounds compound NNS 43297 908 9 yield yield VBP 43297 908 10 a a DT 43297 908 11 much much JJ 43297 908 12 purer purer NN 43297 908 13 alum alum NN 43297 908 14 at at IN 43297 908 15 a a DT 43297 908 16 lower low JJR 43297 908 17 cost cost NN 43297 908 18 . . . 43297 909 1 = = NFP 43297 909 2 Brick Brick NNP 43297 909 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 909 4 are be VBP 43297 909 5 those those DT 43297 909 6 which which WDT 43297 909 7 are be VBP 43297 909 8 not not RB 43297 909 9 suitable suitable JJ 43297 909 10 -- -- : 43297 909 11 either either CC 43297 909 12 from from IN 43297 909 13 nature nature NN 43297 909 14 or or CC 43297 909 15 situation situation NN 43297 909 16 -- -- : 43297 909 17 for for IN 43297 909 18 the the DT 43297 909 19 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 909 20 of of IN 43297 909 21 pottery pottery NN 43297 909 22 or or CC 43297 909 23 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 909 24 and and CC 43297 909 25 yet yet RB 43297 909 26 possess possess VB 43297 909 27 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 909 28 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 909 29 to to TO 43297 909 30 enable enable VB 43297 909 31 them -PRON- PRP 43297 909 32 to to TO 43297 909 33 be be VB 43297 909 34 made make VBN 43297 909 35 into into IN 43297 909 36 bricks brick NNS 43297 909 37 . . . 43297 910 1 The the DT 43297 910 2 term term NN 43297 910 3 is be VBZ 43297 910 4 used use VBN 43297 910 5 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 910 6 loosely loosely RB 43297 910 7 , , , 43297 910 8 and and CC 43297 910 9 geologists geologist VBZ 43297 910 10 not not RB 43297 910 11 infrequently infrequently RB 43297 910 12 apply apply VBP 43297 910 13 it -PRON- PRP 43297 910 14 to to IN 43297 910 15 clays clay NNS 43297 910 16 which which WDT 43297 910 17 are be VBP 43297 910 18 quite quite RB 43297 910 19 unsuitable unsuitable JJ 43297 910 20 for for IN 43297 910 21 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 910 22 on on IN 43297 910 23 account account NN 43297 910 24 of of IN 43297 910 25 excessive excessive JJ 43297 910 26 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 910 27 and and CC 43297 910 28 the the DT 43297 910 29 absence absence NN 43297 910 30 of of IN 43297 910 31 any any DT 43297 910 32 suitable suitable JJ 43297 910 33 non non JJ 43297 910 34 - - JJ 43297 910 35 plastic plastic JJ 43297 910 36 medium medium NN 43297 910 37 . . . 43297 911 1 Large large JJ 43297 911 2 portions portion NNS 43297 911 3 of of IN 43297 911 4 the the DT 43297 911 5 ' ' `` 43297 911 6 London London NNP 43297 911 7 clay clay NN 43297 911 8 ' ' '' 43297 911 9 are be VBP 43297 911 10 of of IN 43297 911 11 this this DT 43297 911 12 nature nature NN 43297 911 13 and and CC 43297 911 14 can can MD 43297 911 15 only only RB 43297 911 16 be be VB 43297 911 17 regarded regard VBN 43297 911 18 as as IN 43297 911 19 of of IN 43297 911 20 use use NN 43297 911 21 to to IN 43297 911 22 brick- brick- NN 43297 911 23 and and CC 43297 911 24 roofing roof VBG 43297 911 25 - - HYPH 43297 911 26 tile tile NN 43297 911 27 - - HYPH 43297 911 28 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 43297 911 29 when when WRB 43297 911 30 the the DT 43297 911 31 associated associate VBN 43297 911 32 Bagshot Bagshot NNP 43297 911 33 sands sand NNS 43297 911 34 are be VBP 43297 911 35 readily readily RB 43297 911 36 accessible accessible JJ 43297 911 37 . . . 43297 912 1 Similarly similarly RB 43297 912 2 , , , 43297 912 3 some some DT 43297 912 4 of of IN 43297 912 5 the the DT 43297 912 6 very very RB 43297 912 7 tough tough JJ 43297 912 8 surface surface NN 43297 912 9 clays clay NNS 43297 912 10 of of IN 43297 912 11 the the DT 43297 912 12 Northern Northern NNP 43297 912 13 and and CC 43297 912 14 Midland Midland NNP 43297 912 15 counties county NNS 43297 912 16 are be VBP 43297 912 17 equally equally RB 43297 912 18 valueless valueless JJ 43297 912 19 , , , 43297 912 20 though though IN 43297 912 21 designated designate VBN 43297 912 22 ' ' `` 43297 912 23 brick brick NN 43297 912 24 clays clay NNS 43297 912 25 ' ' '' 43297 912 26 in in IN 43297 912 27 numerous numerous JJ 43297 912 28 geological geological JJ 43297 912 29 and and CC 43297 912 30 other other JJ 43297 912 31 reports report NNS 43297 912 32 . . . 43297 913 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 913 2 is be VBZ 43297 913 3 , , , 43297 913 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 913 5 , , , 43297 913 6 necessary necessary JJ 43297 913 7 to to TO 43297 913 8 remember remember VB 43297 913 9 that that IN 43297 913 10 , , , 43297 913 11 as as RB 43297 913 12 ordinarily ordinarily RB 43297 913 13 used use VBN 43297 913 14 , , , 43297 913 15 the the DT 43297 913 16 term term NN 43297 913 17 ' ' `` 43297 913 18 brick brick NN 43297 913 19 clay clay NN 43297 913 20 ' ' '' 43297 913 21 merely merely RB 43297 913 22 indicates indicate VBZ 43297 913 23 a a DT 43297 913 24 material material NN 43297 913 25 which which WDT 43297 913 26 appears appear VBZ 43297 913 27 at at IN 43297 913 28 first first JJ 43297 913 29 sight sight NN 43297 913 30 to to TO 43297 913 31 be be VB 43297 913 32 suitable suitable JJ 43297 913 33 for for IN 43297 913 34 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 913 35 , , , 43297 913 36 but but CC 43297 913 37 that that IN 43297 913 38 more more RBR 43297 913 39 detailed detailed JJ 43297 913 40 investigations investigation NNS 43297 913 41 are be VBP 43297 913 42 necessary necessary JJ 43297 913 43 before before IN 43297 913 44 it -PRON- PRP 43297 913 45 can can MD 43297 913 46 be be VB 43297 913 47 ascertained ascertain VBN 43297 913 48 whether whether IN 43297 913 49 a a DT 43297 913 50 material material NN 43297 913 51 so so RB 43297 913 52 designated designate VBN 43297 913 53 is be VBZ 43297 913 54 actually actually RB 43297 913 55 suitable suitable JJ 43297 913 56 for for IN 43297 913 57 the the DT 43297 913 58 purpose purpose NN 43297 913 59 . . . 43297 914 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 914 2 is be VBZ 43297 914 3 also also RB 43297 914 4 important important JJ 43297 914 5 to to TO 43297 914 6 observe observe VB 43297 914 7 that that IN 43297 914 8 local local JJ 43297 914 9 industrial industrial JJ 43297 914 10 conditions condition NNS 43297 914 11 may may MD 43297 914 12 be be VB 43297 914 13 such such JJ 43297 914 14 that that IN 43297 914 15 a a DT 43297 914 16 valuable valuable JJ 43297 914 17 clay clay NN 43297 914 18 may may MD 43297 914 19 be be VB 43297 914 20 used use VBN 43297 914 21 for for IN 43297 914 22 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 914 23 because because IN 43297 914 24 there there EX 43297 914 25 is be VBZ 43297 914 26 a a DT 43297 914 27 demand demand NN 43297 914 28 for for IN 43297 914 29 bricks brick NNS 43297 914 30 , , , 43297 914 31 but but CC 43297 914 32 not not RB 43297 914 33 for for IN 43297 914 34 the the DT 43297 914 35 other other JJ 43297 914 36 articles article NNS 43297 914 37 for for IN 43297 914 38 which which WDT 43297 914 39 the the DT 43297 914 40 clay clay NN 43297 914 41 is be VBZ 43297 914 42 equally equally RB 43297 914 43 suitable suitable JJ 43297 914 44 . . . 43297 915 1 For for IN 43297 915 2 instance instance NN 43297 915 3 , , , 43297 915 4 a a DT 43297 915 5 considerable considerable JJ 43297 915 6 number number NN 43297 915 7 of of IN 43297 915 8 houses house NNS 43297 915 9 in in IN 43297 915 10 Northumberland Northumberland NNP 43297 915 11 and and CC 43297 915 12 Durham Durham NNP 43297 915 13 were be VBD 43297 915 14 built build VBN 43297 915 15 of of IN 43297 915 16 firebricks firebrick NNS 43297 915 17 at at IN 43297 915 18 a a DT 43297 915 19 time time NN 43297 915 20 when when WRB 43297 915 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 915 22 was be VBD 43297 915 23 more more RBR 43297 915 24 profitable profitable JJ 43297 915 25 to to TO 43297 915 26 sell sell VB 43297 915 27 these these DT 43297 915 28 articles article NNS 43297 915 29 for for IN 43297 915 30 domestic domestic JJ 43297 915 31 buildings building NNS 43297 915 32 than than IN 43297 915 33 for for IN 43297 915 34 furnaces furnace NNS 43297 915 35 . . . 43297 916 1 In in IN 43297 916 2 many many JJ 43297 916 3 ways way NNS 43297 916 4 the the DT 43297 916 5 bricks brick NNS 43297 916 6 used use VBN 43297 916 7 for for IN 43297 916 8 internal internal JJ 43297 916 9 structural structural JJ 43297 916 10 work work NN 43297 916 11 form form NN 43297 916 12 the the DT 43297 916 13 simplest simple JJS 43297 916 14 and and CC 43297 916 15 most most RBS 43297 916 16 easily easily RB 43297 916 17 manufactured manufacture VBN 43297 916 18 of of IN 43297 916 19 all all DT 43297 916 20 articles article NNS 43297 916 21 made make VBN 43297 916 22 from from IN 43297 916 23 clay clay NN 43297 916 24 . . . 43297 917 1 The the DT 43297 917 2 colour colour NN 43297 917 3 of of IN 43297 917 4 the the DT 43297 917 5 finished finished JJ 43297 917 6 product product NN 43297 917 7 is be VBZ 43297 917 8 of of IN 43297 917 9 minor minor JJ 43297 917 10 importance importance NN 43297 917 11 and and CC 43297 917 12 so so RB 43297 917 13 long long RB 43297 917 14 as as IN 43297 917 15 a a DT 43297 917 16 brick brick NN 43297 917 17 of of IN 43297 917 18 reasonably reasonably RB 43297 917 19 accurate accurate JJ 43297 917 20 shape shape NN 43297 917 21 and and CC 43297 917 22 of of IN 43297 917 23 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 917 24 strength strength NN 43297 917 25 is be VBZ 43297 917 26 produced produce VBN 43297 917 27 at at IN 43297 917 28 a a DT 43297 917 29 cheap cheap JJ 43297 917 30 rate rate NN 43297 917 31 , , , 43297 917 32 little little JJ 43297 917 33 else else JJ 43297 917 34 is be VBZ 43297 917 35 expected expect VBN 43297 917 36 . . . 43297 918 1 Impurities impurity NNS 43297 918 2 -- -- : 43297 918 3 unless unless IN 43297 918 4 in in IN 43297 918 5 excessively excessively RB 43297 918 6 large large JJ 43297 918 7 proportions proportion NNS 43297 918 8 -- -- : 43297 918 9 are be VBP 43297 918 10 of of IN 43297 918 11 small small JJ 43297 918 12 importance importance NN 43297 918 13 and and CC 43297 918 14 , , , 43297 918 15 indeed indeed RB 43297 918 16 , , , 43297 918 17 sand sand NN 43297 918 18 may may MD 43297 918 19 almost almost RB 43297 918 20 be be VB 43297 918 21 considered consider VBN 43297 918 22 an an DT 43297 918 23 essential essential JJ 43297 918 24 constituent constituent NN 43297 918 25 of of IN 43297 918 26 a a DT 43297 918 27 material material NN 43297 918 28 to to TO 43297 918 29 be be VB 43297 918 30 used use VBN 43297 918 31 for for IN 43297 918 32 making make VBG 43297 918 33 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 918 34 bricks brick NNS 43297 918 35 . . . 43297 919 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 919 2 is be VBZ 43297 919 3 , , , 43297 919 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 919 5 , , , 43297 919 6 possible possible JJ 43297 919 7 to to TO 43297 919 8 utilize utilize VB 43297 919 9 for for IN 43297 919 10 this this DT 43297 919 11 purpose purpose NN 43297 919 12 some some DT 43297 919 13 materials material NNS 43297 919 14 containing contain VBG 43297 919 15 so so RB 43297 919 16 little little JJ 43297 919 17 ' ' `` 43297 919 18 clay clay NN 43297 919 19 ' ' '' 43297 919 20 as as IN 43297 919 21 to to TO 43297 919 22 make make VB 43297 919 23 them -PRON- PRP 43297 919 24 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 919 25 fit fit VB 43297 919 26 to to TO 43297 919 27 be be VB 43297 919 28 included include VBN 43297 919 29 in in IN 43297 919 30 this this DT 43297 919 31 term term NN 43297 919 32 . . . 43297 920 1 So so RB 43297 920 2 long long RB 43297 920 3 as as IN 43297 920 4 the the DT 43297 920 5 adventitious adventitious JJ 43297 920 6 materials material NNS 43297 920 7 consist consist VBP 43297 920 8 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 920 9 of of IN 43297 920 10 silica silica NNP 43297 920 11 and and CC 43297 920 12 chalk chalk NN 43297 920 13 and and CC 43297 920 14 the the DT 43297 920 15 mixture mixture NN 43297 920 16 is be VBZ 43297 920 17 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 920 18 plastic plastic NN 43297 920 19 to to TO 43297 920 20 make make VB 43297 920 21 strong strong JJ 43297 920 22 bricks brick NNS 43297 920 23 , , , 43297 920 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 920 25 may may MD 43297 920 26 be be VB 43297 920 27 used use VBN 43297 920 28 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 43297 920 29 in in IN 43297 920 30 spite spite NN 43297 920 31 of of IN 43297 920 32 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 920 33 low low JJ 43297 920 34 content content NN 43297 920 35 of of IN 43297 920 36 clay clay NN 43297 920 37 , , , 43297 920 38 but but CC 43297 920 39 if if IN 43297 920 40 the the DT 43297 920 41 so so RB 43297 920 42 - - HYPH 43297 920 43 called call VBN 43297 920 44 ' ' `` 43297 920 45 brick brick NN 43297 920 46 clay clay NN 43297 920 47 ' ' '' 43297 920 48 contains contain VBZ 43297 920 49 limestone limestone NN 43297 920 50 , , , 43297 920 51 either either CC 43297 920 52 in in IN 43297 920 53 large large JJ 43297 920 54 grains grain NNS 43297 920 55 or or CC 43297 920 56 nodules nodule NNS 43297 920 57 , , , 43297 920 58 it -PRON- PRP 43297 920 59 will will MD 43297 920 60 be be VB 43297 920 61 liable liable JJ 43297 920 62 to to TO 43297 920 63 burst burst VB 43297 920 64 the the DT 43297 920 65 bricks brick NNS 43297 920 66 or or CC 43297 920 67 to to TO 43297 920 68 produce produce VB 43297 920 69 unsightly unsightly RB 43297 920 70 ' ' `` 43297 920 71 blow blow NN 43297 920 72 - - HYPH 43297 920 73 holes hole NNS 43297 920 74 ' ' '' 43297 920 75 on on IN 43297 920 76 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 920 77 surfaces surface NNS 43297 920 78 . . . 43297 921 1 If if IN 43297 921 2 too too RB 43297 921 3 much much JJ 43297 921 4 sand sand NN 43297 921 5 or or CC 43297 921 6 other other JJ 43297 921 7 non non JJ 43297 921 8 - - JJ 43297 921 9 plastic plastic JJ 43297 921 10 material material NN 43297 921 11 is be VBZ 43297 921 12 present present JJ 43297 921 13 , , , 43297 921 14 the the DT 43297 921 15 resulting result VBG 43297 921 16 bricks brick NNS 43297 921 17 will will MD 43297 921 18 be be VB 43297 921 19 too too RB 43297 921 20 weak weak JJ 43297 921 21 to to TO 43297 921 22 be be VB 43297 921 23 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 921 24 . . . 43297 922 1 No no DT 43297 922 2 brick brick NN 43297 922 3 clay clay NN 43297 922 4 can can MD 43297 922 5 be be VB 43297 922 6 regarded regard VBN 43297 922 7 as as IN 43297 922 8 ' ' `` 43297 922 9 safe safe JJ 43297 922 10 ' ' '' 43297 922 11 if if IN 43297 922 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 922 13 contains contain VBZ 43297 922 14 nodules nodule NNS 43297 922 15 of of IN 43297 922 16 limestone limestone NN 43297 922 17 -- -- : 43297 922 18 unless unless IN 43297 922 19 these these DT 43297 922 20 can can MD 43297 922 21 be be VB 43297 922 22 removed remove VBN 43297 922 23 during during IN 43297 922 24 the the DT 43297 922 25 preparation preparation NN 43297 922 26 of of IN 43297 922 27 the the DT 43297 922 28 material material NN 43297 922 29 -- -- : 43297 922 30 or or CC 43297 922 31 if if IN 43297 922 32 the the DT 43297 922 33 resulting result VBG 43297 922 34 bricks brick NNS 43297 922 35 will will MD 43297 922 36 not not RB 43297 922 37 show show VB 43297 922 38 a a DT 43297 922 39 crushing crushing NN 43297 922 40 strength strength NN 43297 922 41 of of IN 43297 922 42 at at RB 43297 922 43 least least RBS 43297 922 44 85 85 CD 43297 922 45 tons ton NNS 43297 922 46 per per IN 43297 922 47 square square JJ 43297 922 48 foot foot NN 43297 922 49 . . . 43297 923 1 The the DT 43297 923 2 introduction introduction NN 43297 923 3 of of IN 43297 923 4 machinery machinery NN 43297 923 5 in in IN 43297 923 6 place place NN 43297 923 7 of of IN 43297 923 8 hand hand NN 43297 923 9 - - HYPH 43297 923 10 moulding moulding NN 43297 923 11 and and CC 43297 923 12 of of IN 43297 923 13 kilns kiln NNS 43297 923 14 instead instead RB 43297 923 15 of of IN 43297 923 16 clamps clamp NNS 43297 923 17 has have VBZ 43297 923 18 greatly greatly RB 43297 923 19 raised raise VBN 43297 923 20 the the DT 43297 923 21 standard standard NN 43297 923 22 of of IN 43297 923 23 strength strength NN 43297 923 24 , , , 43297 923 25 accuracy accuracy NN 43297 923 26 in in IN 43297 923 27 shape shape NN 43297 923 28 and and CC 43297 923 29 uniformity uniformity NN 43297 923 30 in in IN 43297 923 31 colour colour NN 43297 923 32 in in IN 43297 923 33 many many JJ 43297 923 34 districts district NNS 43297 923 35 , , , 43297 923 36 and and CC 43297 923 37 many many JJ 43297 923 38 builders builder NNS 43297 923 39 in in IN 43297 923 40 the the DT 43297 923 41 Midlands midland NNS 43297 923 42 now now RB 43297 923 43 expect expect VBP 43297 923 44 to to TO 43297 923 45 sort sort VB 43297 923 46 out out RP 43297 923 47 from from IN 43297 923 48 the the DT 43297 923 49 ' ' `` 43297 923 50 common common JJ 43297 923 51 bricks brick NNS 43297 923 52 ' ' POS 43297 923 53 purchased purchase VBN 43297 923 54 , , , 43297 923 55 a a DT 43297 923 56 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 923 57 number number NN 43297 923 58 of of IN 43297 923 59 superior superior JJ 43297 923 60 quality quality NN 43297 923 61 to to TO 43297 923 62 furnish furnish VB 43297 923 63 all all PDT 43297 923 64 the the DT 43297 923 65 ' ' `` 43297 923 66 facing face VBG 43297 923 67 bricks brick NNS 43297 923 68 ' ' '' 43297 923 69 they -PRON- PRP 43297 923 70 require require VBP 43297 923 71 . . . 43297 924 1 Apart apart RB 43297 924 2 from from IN 43297 924 3 this this DT 43297 924 4 , , , 43297 924 5 and and CC 43297 924 6 in in IN 43297 924 7 districts district NNS 43297 924 8 where where WRB 43297 924 9 buildings building NNS 43297 924 10 are be VBP 43297 924 11 faced face VBN 43297 924 12 with with IN 43297 924 13 stone stone NN 43297 924 14 or or CC 43297 924 15 with with IN 43297 924 16 bricks brick NNS 43297 924 17 of of IN 43297 924 18 a a DT 43297 924 19 superior superior JJ 43297 924 20 quality quality NN 43297 924 21 , , , 43297 924 22 the the DT 43297 924 23 ' ' `` 43297 924 24 stock stock NN 43297 924 25 ' ' '' 43297 924 26 or or CC 43297 924 27 ' ' `` 43297 924 28 common common JJ 43297 924 29 brick brick NN 43297 924 30 ' ' '' 43297 924 31 may may MD 43297 924 32 be be VB 43297 924 33 made make VBN 43297 924 34 from from IN 43297 924 35 almost almost RB 43297 924 36 any any DT 43297 924 37 clay clay NN 43297 924 38 which which WDT 43297 924 39 will will MD 43297 924 40 bear bear VB 43297 924 41 drying drying NN 43297 924 42 and and CC 43297 924 43 heating heating NN 43297 924 44 to to IN 43297 924 45 redness redness NN 43297 924 46 without without IN 43297 924 47 shrinking shrink VBG 43297 924 48 excessively excessively RB 43297 924 49 or or CC 43297 924 50 cracking crack VBG 43297 924 51 . . . 43297 925 1 A a DT 43297 925 2 linear linear JJ 43297 925 3 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 925 4 of of IN 43297 925 5 1 1 CD 43297 925 6 in in IN 43297 925 7 . . . 43297 926 1 per per IN 43297 926 2 foot foot NN 43297 926 3 (= (= NNP 43297 926 4 8 8 CD 43297 926 5 - - SYM 43297 926 6 1/2 1/2 CD 43297 926 7 per per IN 43297 926 8 cent cent NN 43297 926 9 . . . 43297 926 10 ) ) -RRB- 43297 927 1 may may MD 43297 927 2 be be VB 43297 927 3 regarded regard VBN 43297 927 4 as as IN 43297 927 5 the the DT 43297 927 6 maximum maximum NN 43297 927 7 with with IN 43297 927 8 most most JJS 43297 927 9 materials material NNS 43297 927 10 used use VBN 43297 927 11 for for IN 43297 927 12 brickmaking brickmake VBG 43297 927 13 . . . 43297 928 1 Clays clay NNS 43297 928 2 which which WDT 43297 928 3 shrink shrink VBP 43297 928 4 more more JJR 43297 928 5 than than IN 43297 928 6 this this DT 43297 928 7 must must MD 43297 928 8 have have VB 43297 928 9 a a DT 43297 928 10 suitable suitable JJ 43297 928 11 quantity quantity NN 43297 928 12 of of IN 43297 928 13 grog grog NNS 43297 928 14 , , , 43297 928 15 sand sand NN 43297 928 16 , , , 43297 928 17 chalk chalk NNP 43297 928 18 , , , 43297 928 19 ashes ashe NNS 43297 928 20 or or CC 43297 928 21 other other JJ 43297 928 22 suitable suitable JJ 43297 928 23 non non JJ 43297 928 24 - - JJ 43297 928 25 plastic plastic JJ 43297 928 26 material material NN 43297 928 27 added add VBD 43297 928 28 . . . 43297 929 1 If if IN 43297 929 2 the the DT 43297 929 3 clay clay NN 43297 929 4 contains contain VBZ 43297 929 5 much much JJ 43297 929 6 ferric ferric JJ 43297 929 7 oxide oxide NN 43297 929 8 it -PRON- PRP 43297 929 9 will will MD 43297 929 10 produce produce VB 43297 929 11 red red JJ 43297 929 12 or or CC 43297 929 13 brown brown JJ 43297 929 14 bricks brick NNS 43297 929 15 according accord VBG 43297 929 16 to to IN 43297 929 17 the the DT 43297 929 18 temperature temperature NN 43297 929 19 reached reach VBN 43297 929 20 in in IN 43297 929 21 the the DT 43297 929 22 kiln kiln NN 43297 929 23 , , , 43297 929 24 but but CC 43297 929 25 if if IN 43297 929 26 much much JJ 43297 929 27 chalk chalk NN 43297 929 28 is be VBZ 43297 929 29 also also RB 43297 929 30 present present JJ 43297 929 31 ( ( -LRB- 43297 929 32 or or CC 43297 929 33 is be VBZ 43297 929 34 added add VBN 43297 929 35 purposely purposely RB 43297 929 36 ) ) -RRB- 43297 929 37 a a DT 43297 929 38 combined combine VBN 43297 929 39 lime lime NN 43297 929 40 - - HYPH 43297 929 41 iron iron NN 43297 929 42 - - HYPH 43297 929 43 silicate silicate NN 43297 929 44 is be VBZ 43297 929 45 produced produce VBN 43297 929 46 and and CC 43297 929 47 the the DT 43297 929 48 bricks brick NNS 43297 929 49 will will MD 43297 929 50 be be VB 43297 929 51 white white JJ 43297 929 52 in in IN 43297 929 53 colour colour NN 43297 929 54 . . . 43297 930 1 If if IN 43297 930 2 only only RB 43297 930 3 a a DT 43297 930 4 small small JJ 43297 930 5 percentage percentage NN 43297 930 6 of of IN 43297 930 7 ferric ferric JJ 43297 930 8 oxide oxide NN 43297 930 9 is be VBZ 43297 930 10 present present JJ 43297 930 11 a a DT 43297 930 12 clay clay NN 43297 930 13 will will MD 43297 930 14 produce produce VB 43297 930 15 buff buff NNP 43297 930 16 bricks brick NNS 43297 930 17 , , , 43297 930 18 which which WDT 43297 930 19 will will MD 43297 930 20 be be VB 43297 930 21 spotted spot VBN 43297 930 22 with with IN 43297 930 23 minute minute JJ 43297 930 24 black black JJ 43297 930 25 specks speck NNS 43297 930 26 or or CC 43297 930 27 larger large JJR 43297 930 28 masses masse NNS 43297 930 29 of of IN 43297 930 30 a a DT 43297 930 31 greyish greyish JJ 43297 930 32 black black JJ 43297 930 33 slag slag NN 43297 930 34 if if IN 43297 930 35 pyrites pyrite NNS 43297 930 36 are be VBP 43297 930 37 also also RB 43297 930 38 present present JJ 43297 930 39 or or CC 43297 930 40 if if IN 43297 930 41 ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 930 42 silicate silicate NN 43297 930 43 has have VBZ 43297 930 44 been be VBN 43297 930 45 produced produce VBN 43297 930 46 by by IN 43297 930 47 the the DT 43297 930 48 reduction reduction NN 43297 930 49 of of IN 43297 930 50 the the DT 43297 930 51 iron iron NN 43297 930 52 compounds compound NNS 43297 930 53 and and CC 43297 930 54 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 930 55 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 930 56 combination combination NN 43297 930 57 with with IN 43297 930 58 silica silica NN 43297 930 59 . . . 43297 931 1 Further further JJ 43297 931 2 information information NN 43297 931 3 on on IN 43297 931 4 brick brick NN 43297 931 5 earths earth NNS 43297 931 6 will will MD 43297 931 7 be be VB 43297 931 8 found find VBN 43297 931 9 on on IN 43297 931 10 page page NN 43297 931 11 67 67 CD 43297 931 12 . . . 43297 932 1 A a DT 43297 932 2 description description NN 43297 932 3 of of IN 43297 932 4 the the DT 43297 932 5 processes process NNS 43297 932 6 used use VBN 43297 932 7 in in IN 43297 932 8 the the DT 43297 932 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 932 10 of of IN 43297 932 11 bricks brick NNS 43297 932 12 being be VBG 43297 932 13 outside outside IN 43297 932 14 the the DT 43297 932 15 scope scope NN 43297 932 16 of of IN 43297 932 17 the the DT 43297 932 18 present present JJ 43297 932 19 work work NN 43297 932 20 , , , 43297 932 21 the the DT 43297 932 22 reader reader NN 43297 932 23 requiring require VBG 43297 932 24 information information NN 43297 932 25 on on IN 43297 932 26 this this DT 43297 932 27 subject subject NN 43297 932 28 should should MD 43297 932 29 consult consult VB 43297 932 30 _ _ NNP 43297 932 31 Modern Modern NNP 43297 932 32 Brickmaking Brickmaking NNP 43297 932 33 _ _ NNP 43297 932 34 ( ( -LRB- 43297 932 35 25 25 CD 43297 932 36 ) ) -RRB- 43297 932 37 or or CC 43297 932 38 some some DT 43297 932 39 similar similar JJ 43297 932 40 treatise treatise NN 43297 932 41 . . . 43297 933 1 _ _ NNP 43297 933 2 Roofing Roofing NNP 43297 933 3 tiles tile NNS 43297 933 4 _ _ IN 43297 933 5 require require VBP 43297 933 6 clays clay NNS 43297 933 7 of of IN 43297 933 8 finer fine JJR 43297 933 9 texture texture NN 43297 933 10 than than IN 43297 933 11 those those DT 43297 933 12 which which WDT 43297 933 13 may may MD 43297 933 14 be be VB 43297 933 15 made make VBN 43297 933 16 into into IN 43297 933 17 bricks brick NNS 43297 933 18 . . . 43297 934 1 Stones stone NNS 43297 934 2 , , , 43297 934 3 if if IN 43297 934 4 present present NN 43297 934 5 , , , 43297 934 6 must must MD 43297 934 7 be be VB 43297 934 8 removed remove VBN 43297 934 9 by by IN 43297 934 10 washing wash VBG 43297 934 11 or or CC 43297 934 12 other other JJ 43297 934 13 treatment treatment NN 43297 934 14 , , , 43297 934 15 as as IN 43297 934 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 934 17 is be VBZ 43297 934 18 seldom seldom JJ 43297 934 19 that that IN 43297 934 20 they -PRON- PRP 43297 934 21 can can MD 43297 934 22 be be VB 43297 934 23 crushed crush VBN 43297 934 24 to to IN 43297 934 25 a a DT 43297 934 26 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 934 27 fine fine JJ 43297 934 28 powder powder NN 43297 934 29 , , , 43297 934 30 unless unless IN 43297 934 31 only only RB 43297 934 32 rough rough JJ 43297 934 33 work work NN 43297 934 34 is be VBZ 43297 934 35 required require VBN 43297 934 36 . . . 43297 935 1 If if IN 43297 935 2 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 935 3 fine fine JJ 43297 935 4 , , , 43297 935 5 the the DT 43297 935 6 clay clay NN 43297 935 7 used use VBN 43297 935 8 for for IN 43297 935 9 roofing roof VBG 43297 935 10 tiles tile NNS 43297 935 11 may may MD 43297 935 12 be be VB 43297 935 13 precisely precisely RB 43297 935 14 the the DT 43297 935 15 same same JJ 43297 935 16 as as IN 43297 935 17 that that DT 43297 935 18 used use VBD 43297 935 19 for for IN 43297 935 20 bricks brick NNS 43297 935 21 and and CC 43297 935 22 is be VBZ 43297 935 23 treated treat VBN 43297 935 24 in in IN 43297 935 25 a a DT 43297 935 26 similar similar JJ 43297 935 27 manner manner NN 43297 935 28 . . . 43297 936 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 936 2 must must MD 43297 936 3 , , , 43297 936 4 however however RB 43297 936 5 , , , 43297 936 6 be be VB 43297 936 7 of of IN 43297 936 8 such such PDT 43297 936 9 a a DT 43297 936 10 nature nature NN 43297 936 11 that that IN 43297 936 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 936 13 will will MD 43297 936 14 not not RB 43297 936 15 warp warp VB 43297 936 16 or or CC 43297 936 17 twist twist NN 43297 936 18 during during IN 43297 936 19 the the DT 43297 936 20 burning burning NN 43297 936 21 ; ; : 43297 936 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 936 23 must must MD 43297 936 24 , , , 43297 936 25 therefore therefore RB 43297 936 26 , , , 43297 936 27 have have VBP 43297 936 28 a a DT 43297 936 29 long long JJ 43297 936 30 range range NN 43297 936 31 of of IN 43297 936 32 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 936 33 ( ( -LRB- 43297 936 34 p. p. NN 43297 936 35 38 38 CD 43297 936 36 ) ) -RRB- 43297 936 37 . . . 43297 937 1 _ _ NNP 43297 937 2 Terra Terra NNP 43297 937 3 - - HYPH 43297 937 4 cotta cotta NNP 43297 937 5 _ _ NNP 43297 937 6 is be VBZ 43297 937 7 an an DT 43297 937 8 Italian italian JJ 43297 937 9 term term NN 43297 937 10 signifying signify VBG 43297 937 11 baked baked JJ 43297 937 12 earth earth NN 43297 937 13 , , , 43297 937 14 but but CC 43297 937 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 937 16 meaning meaning NN 43297 937 17 is be VBZ 43297 937 18 now now RB 43297 937 19 limited limited JJ 43297 937 20 to to IN 43297 937 21 those those DT 43297 937 22 articles article NNS 43297 937 23 made make VBN 43297 937 24 of of IN 43297 937 25 clay clay NN 43297 937 26 which which WDT 43297 937 27 are be VBP 43297 937 28 not not RB 43297 937 29 classed class VBN 43297 937 30 as as IN 43297 937 31 pottery pottery NN 43297 937 32 , , , 43297 937 33 such such JJ 43297 937 34 as as IN 43297 937 35 statues statue NNS 43297 937 36 , , , 43297 937 37 large large JJ 43297 937 38 vases vase NNS 43297 937 39 , , , 43297 937 40 pillars pillar NNS 43297 937 41 , , , 43297 937 42 etc etc FW 43297 937 43 . . . 43297 937 44 , , , 43297 937 45 modelled model VBN 43297 937 46 work work NN 43297 937 47 used use VBN 43297 937 48 in in IN 43297 937 49 architecture architecture NN 43297 937 50 , , , 43297 937 51 or or CC 43297 937 52 for for IN 43297 937 53 external external JJ 43297 937 54 decoration decoration NN 43297 937 55 . . . 43297 938 1 Although although IN 43297 938 2 the the DT 43297 938 3 distinction distinction NN 43297 938 4 can can MD 43297 938 5 not not RB 43297 938 6 be be VB 43297 938 7 rigidly rigidly RB 43297 938 8 maintained maintain VBN 43297 938 9 , , , 43297 938 10 articles article NNS 43297 938 11 made make VBN 43297 938 12 of of IN 43297 938 13 clay clay NN 43297 938 14 may may MD 43297 938 15 be be VB 43297 938 16 roughly roughly RB 43297 938 17 divided divide VBN 43297 938 18 into into IN 43297 938 19 ( ( -LRB- 43297 938 20 _ _ NNP 43297 938 21 a a DT 43297 938 22 _ _ NNP 43297 938 23 ) ) -RRB- 43297 938 24 Pottery Pottery NNP 43297 938 25 ( ( -LRB- 43297 938 26 _ _ NNP 43297 938 27 faience faience NN 43297 938 28 _ _ NNP 43297 938 29 ) ) -RRB- 43297 938 30 and and CC 43297 938 31 porcelain porcelain NN 43297 938 32 ( ( -LRB- 43297 938 33 glazed glazed NNP 43297 938 34 ) ) -RRB- 43297 938 35 , , , 43297 938 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 938 37 _ _ NNP 43297 938 38 b b NNP 43297 938 39 _ _ NNP 43297 938 40 ) ) -RRB- 43297 938 41 Terra Terra NNP 43297 938 42 - - HYPH 43297 938 43 cotta cotta NNP 43297 938 44 ( ( -LRB- 43297 938 45 unglazed unglazed JJ 43297 938 46 ) ) -RRB- 43297 938 47 , , , 43297 938 48 ( ( -LRB- 43297 938 49 _ _ NNP 43297 938 50 c c NNP 43297 938 51 _ _ NNP 43297 938 52 ) ) -RRB- 43297 938 53 Bricks brick NNS 43297 938 54 and and CC 43297 938 55 unglazed unglazed JJ 43297 938 56 tiles tile NNS 43297 938 57 devoid devoid JJ 43297 938 58 of of IN 43297 938 59 decoration decoration NN 43297 938 60 . . . 43297 939 1 In in IN 43297 939 2 this this DT 43297 939 3 sense sense NN 43297 939 4 , , , 43297 939 5 terra terra NN 43297 939 6 - - HYPH 43297 939 7 cotta cotta NNP 43297 939 8 occupies occupy VBZ 43297 939 9 an an DT 43297 939 10 intermediate intermediate JJ 43297 939 11 position position NN 43297 939 12 between between IN 43297 939 13 pottery pottery NN 43297 939 14 and and CC 43297 939 15 bricks brick NNS 43297 939 16 , , , 43297 939 17 but but CC 43297 939 18 no no DT 43297 939 19 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 43297 939 20 definition definition NN 43297 939 21 has have VBZ 43297 939 22 yet yet RB 43297 939 23 been be VBN 43297 939 24 found find VBN 43297 939 25 for for IN 43297 939 26 it -PRON- PRP 43297 939 27 . . . 43297 940 1 Thus thus RB 43297 940 2 , , , 43297 940 3 bricks brick NNS 43297 940 4 with with IN 43297 940 5 a a DT 43297 940 6 modelled model VBN 43297 940 7 or or CC 43297 940 8 moulded mould VBN 43297 940 9 ornament ornament NN 43297 940 10 are be VBP 43297 940 11 , , , 43297 940 12 strictly strictly RB 43297 940 13 , , , 43297 940 14 terra terra NNP 43297 940 15 - - HYPH 43297 940 16 cotta cotta NNP 43297 940 17 , , , 43297 940 18 yet yet CC 43297 940 19 are be VBP 43297 940 20 not not RB 43297 940 21 so so RB 43297 940 22 named name VBN 43297 940 23 , , , 43297 940 24 and and CC 43297 940 25 some some DT 43297 940 26 pottery pottery NN 43297 940 27 is be VBZ 43297 940 28 unglazed unglazed JJ 43297 940 29 and and CC 43297 940 30 yet yet RB 43297 940 31 is be VBZ 43297 940 32 never never RB 43297 940 33 classed class VBN 43297 940 34 as as IN 43297 940 35 terra terra NNP 43297 940 36 - - HYPH 43297 940 37 cotta cotta NNP 43297 940 38 , , , 43297 940 39 whilst whilst IN 43297 940 40 glazed glaze VBN 43297 940 41 bricks brick NNS 43297 940 42 are be VBP 43297 940 43 never never RB 43297 940 44 regarded regard VBN 43297 940 45 as as IN 43297 940 46 pottery pottery NN 43297 940 47 . . . 43297 941 1 Again again RB 43297 941 2 during during IN 43297 941 3 the the DT 43297 941 4 past past JJ 43297 941 5 few few JJ 43297 941 6 years year NNS 43297 941 7 , , , 43297 941 8 what what WP 43297 941 9 is be VBZ 43297 941 10 termed term VBN 43297 941 11 ' ' '' 43297 941 12 glazed glaze VBN 43297 941 13 terra terra NNP 43297 941 14 - - HYPH 43297 941 15 cotta cotta NNP 43297 941 16 ' ' '' 43297 941 17 has have VBZ 43297 941 18 been be VBN 43297 941 19 largely largely RB 43297 941 20 used use VBN 43297 941 21 for for IN 43297 941 22 architectural architectural JJ 43297 941 23 purposes purpose NNS 43297 941 24 , , , 43297 941 25 yet yet CC 43297 941 26 this this DT 43297 941 27 is be VBZ 43297 941 28 really really RB 43297 941 29 ' ' `` 43297 941 30 faience faience NN 43297 941 31 . . . 43297 941 32 ' ' '' 43297 942 1 Although although IN 43297 942 2 this this DT 43297 942 3 overlapping overlapping NN 43297 942 4 of of IN 43297 942 5 terms term NNS 43297 942 6 may may MD 43297 942 7 appear appear VB 43297 942 8 confusing confusing JJ 43297 942 9 to to IN 43297 942 10 the the DT 43297 942 11 reader reader NN 43297 942 12 , , , 43297 942 13 it -PRON- PRP 43297 942 14 does do VBZ 43297 942 15 not not RB 43297 942 16 cause cause VB 43297 942 17 any any DT 43297 942 18 appreciable appreciable JJ 43297 942 19 amount amount NN 43297 942 20 of of IN 43297 942 21 inconvenience inconvenience NN 43297 942 22 to to IN 43297 942 23 the the DT 43297 942 24 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 43297 942 25 or or CC 43297 942 26 users user NNS 43297 942 27 , , , 43297 942 28 as as IN 43297 942 29 it -PRON- PRP 43297 942 30 is be VBZ 43297 942 31 not not RB 43297 942 32 difficult difficult JJ 43297 942 33 for for IN 43297 942 34 a a DT 43297 942 35 practical practical JJ 43297 942 36 clayworker clayworker NN 43297 942 37 to to TO 43297 942 38 decide decide VB 43297 942 39 in in IN 43297 942 40 which which WDT 43297 942 41 of of IN 43297 942 42 the the DT 43297 942 43 three three CD 43297 942 44 classes class NNS 43297 942 45 mentioned mention VBD 43297 942 46 a a DT 43297 942 47 given give VBN 43297 942 48 article article NN 43297 942 49 should should MD 43297 942 50 be be VB 43297 942 51 placed place VBN 43297 942 52 . . . 43297 943 1 Partly partly RB 43297 943 2 on on IN 43297 943 3 account account NN 43297 943 4 of of IN 43297 943 5 the the DT 43297 943 6 lesser less JJR 43297 943 7 weight weight NN 43297 943 8 , , , 43297 943 9 but but CC 43297 943 10 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 943 11 in in IN 43297 943 12 order order NN 43297 943 13 to to TO 43297 943 14 reduce reduce VB 43297 943 15 the the DT 43297 943 16 tendency tendency NN 43297 943 17 to to TO 43297 943 18 crack crack VB 43297 943 19 and and CC 43297 943 20 to to TO 43297 943 21 facilitate facilitate VB 43297 943 22 drying drying NN 43297 943 23 and and CC 43297 943 24 burning burn VBG 43297 943 25 , , , 43297 943 26 terra terra NN 43297 943 27 - - HYPH 43297 943 28 cotta cotta NN 43297 943 29 articles article NNS 43297 943 30 are be VBP 43297 943 31 usually usually RB 43297 943 32 made make VBN 43297 943 33 hollow hollow JJ 43297 943 34 . . . 43297 944 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 944 2 is be VBZ 43297 944 3 necessary necessary JJ 43297 944 4 that that IN 43297 944 5 clays clay NNS 43297 944 6 used use VBN 43297 944 7 in in IN 43297 944 8 the the DT 43297 944 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 944 10 of of IN 43297 944 11 terra terra NNP 43297 944 12 - - HYPH 43297 944 13 cotta cotta NNP 43297 944 14 should should MD 43297 944 15 be be VB 43297 944 16 of of IN 43297 944 17 so so RB 43297 944 18 fine fine JJ 43297 944 19 a a DT 43297 944 20 texture texture NN 43297 944 21 that that WDT 43297 944 22 the the DT 43297 944 23 finest fine JJS 43297 944 24 modelling modelling NN 43297 944 25 can can MD 43297 944 26 be be VB 43297 944 27 executed execute VBN 43297 944 28 . . . 43297 945 1 Such such JJ 43297 945 2 clays clay NNS 43297 945 3 occur occur VBP 43297 945 4 naturally naturally RB 43297 945 5 in in IN 43297 945 6 several several JJ 43297 945 7 geological geological JJ 43297 945 8 formations formation NNS 43297 945 9 , , , 43297 945 10 and and CC 43297 945 11 some some DT 43297 945 12 may may MD 43297 945 13 be be VB 43297 945 14 prepared prepare VBN 43297 945 15 from from IN 43297 945 16 coarser coarser NN 43297 945 17 materials material NNS 43297 945 18 by by IN 43297 945 19 careful careful JJ 43297 945 20 washing washing NN 43297 945 21 , , , 43297 945 22 whereby whereby WRB 43297 945 23 the the DT 43297 945 24 larger large JJR 43297 945 25 grains grain NNS 43297 945 26 of of IN 43297 945 27 sand sand NN 43297 945 28 , , , 43297 945 29 stones stone NNS 43297 945 30 , , , 43297 945 31 etc etc FW 43297 945 32 . . . 43297 945 33 , , , 43297 945 34 are be VBP 43297 945 35 removed remove VBN 43297 945 36 . . . 43297 946 1 Some some DT 43297 946 2 shales shale NNS 43297 946 3 , , , 43297 946 4 when when WRB 43297 946 5 finely finely RB 43297 946 6 ground ground VBP 43297 946 7 , , , 43297 946 8 make make VBP 43297 946 9 excellent excellent JJ 43297 946 10 clays clay NNS 43297 946 11 for for IN 43297 946 12 architectural architectural JJ 43297 946 13 terra terra NNP 43297 946 14 - - HYPH 43297 946 15 cotta cotta NNP 43297 946 16 , , , 43297 946 17 portions portion NNS 43297 946 18 of of IN 43297 946 19 all all PDT 43297 946 20 the the DT 43297 946 21 better well RBR 43297 946 22 known know VBN 43297 946 23 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 946 24 deposits deposit NNS 43297 946 25 being be VBG 43297 946 26 used use VBN 43297 946 27 for for IN 43297 946 28 this this DT 43297 946 29 purpose purpose NN 43297 946 30 . . . 43297 947 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 947 2 is be VBZ 43297 947 3 , , , 43297 947 4 however however RB 43297 947 5 , , , 43297 947 6 necessary necessary JJ 43297 947 7 to to TO 43297 947 8 use use VB 43297 947 9 only only RB 43297 947 10 those those DT 43297 947 11 shales shale NNS 43297 947 12 which which WDT 43297 947 13 are be VBP 43297 947 14 naturally naturally RB 43297 947 15 of of IN 43297 947 16 fine fine JJ 43297 947 17 texture texture NN 43297 947 18 , , , 43297 947 19 as as IN 43297 947 20 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 947 21 grinding grinding NN 43297 947 22 can can MD 43297 947 23 not not RB 43297 947 24 effect effect VB 43297 947 25 a a DT 43297 947 26 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 947 27 sub sub NN 43297 947 28 - - NN 43297 947 29 division division NN 43297 947 30 of of IN 43297 947 31 the the DT 43297 947 32 particles particle NNS 43297 947 33 of of IN 43297 947 34 some some DT 43297 947 35 of of IN 43297 947 36 the the DT 43297 947 37 coarser coarser NN 43297 947 38 shales shale NNS 43297 947 39 . . . 43297 948 1 The the DT 43297 948 2 finer fine JJR 43297 948 3 Triassic Triassic NNP 43297 948 4 ' ' '' 43297 948 5 marls marl NNS 43297 948 6 ' ' '' 43297 948 7 are be VBP 43297 948 8 also also RB 43297 948 9 admirable admirable JJ 43297 948 10 for for IN 43297 948 11 terra terra NN 43297 948 12 - - HYPH 43297 948 13 cotta cotta NN 43297 948 14 work work NN 43297 948 15 , , , 43297 948 16 the the DT 43297 948 17 most most RBS 43297 948 18 famous famous JJ 43297 948 19 deposit deposit NN 43297 948 20 being be VBG 43297 948 21 the the DT 43297 948 22 Etruria Etruria NNP 43297 948 23 Marl Marl NNP 43297 948 24 Series Series NNP 43297 948 25 in in IN 43297 948 26 the the DT 43297 948 27 Upper Upper NNP 43297 948 28 Coal Coal NNP 43297 948 29 Measures Measures NNPS 43297 948 30 near near IN 43297 948 31 Ruabon Ruabon NNP 43297 948 32 . . . 43297 949 1 The the DT 43297 949 2 most most RBS 43297 949 3 important important JJ 43297 949 4 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 949 5 required require VBN 43297 949 6 in in IN 43297 949 7 terra terra NNP 43297 949 8 - - HYPH 43297 949 9 cotta cotta NNP 43297 949 10 clays clay NNS 43297 949 11 are be VBP 43297 949 12 ( ( -LRB- 43297 949 13 _ _ NNP 43297 949 14 a a DT 43297 949 15 _ _ NNP 43297 949 16 ) ) -RRB- 43297 949 17 fine fine JJ 43297 949 18 texture texture NN 43297 949 19 , , , 43297 949 20 or or CC 43297 949 21 at at IN 43297 949 22 any any DT 43297 949 23 rate rate NN 43297 949 24 the the DT 43297 949 25 ability ability NN 43297 949 26 to to TO 43297 949 27 yield yield VB 43297 949 28 a a DT 43297 949 29 fine fine JJ 43297 949 30 , , , 43297 949 31 dense dense JJ 43297 949 32 surface surface NN 43297 949 33 , , , 43297 949 34 ( ( -LRB- 43297 949 35 _ _ NNP 43297 949 36 b b NNP 43297 949 37 _ _ NNP 43297 949 38 ) ) -RRB- 43297 949 39 small small JJ 43297 949 40 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 949 41 with with IN 43297 949 42 little little JJ 43297 949 43 tendency tendency NN 43297 949 44 to to TO 43297 949 45 twist twist VB 43297 949 46 , , , 43297 949 47 warp warp JJ 43297 949 48 or or CC 43297 949 49 crack crack VBP 43297 949 50 in in IN 43297 949 51 firing firing NN 43297 949 52 , , , 43297 949 53 ( ( -LRB- 43297 949 54 _ _ NNP 43297 949 55 c c NNP 43297 949 56 _ _ NNP 43297 949 57 ) ) -RRB- 43297 949 58 pleasing pleasing JJ 43297 949 59 and and CC 43297 949 60 uniform uniform JJ 43297 949 61 colour colour NN 43297 949 62 when when WRB 43297 949 63 fired fire VBN 43297 949 64 , , , 43297 949 65 and and CC 43297 949 66 ( ( -LRB- 43297 949 67 _ _ NNP 43297 949 68 d d NNP 43297 949 69 _ _ NNP 43297 949 70 ) ) -RRB- 43297 949 71 a a DT 43297 949 72 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 949 73 proportion proportion NN 43297 949 74 of of IN 43297 949 75 fluxes flux NNS 43297 949 76 to to TO 43297 949 77 make make VB 43297 949 78 it -PRON- PRP 43297 949 79 resistant resistant JJ 43297 949 80 to to TO 43297 949 81 weather weather VB 43297 949 82 without without IN 43297 949 83 giving give VBG 43297 949 84 a a DT 43297 949 85 glossy glossy JJ 43297 949 86 appearance appearance NN 43297 949 87 to to IN 43297 949 88 the the DT 43297 949 89 finished finished JJ 43297 949 90 product product NN 43297 949 91 . . . 43297 950 1 In in IN 43297 950 2 large large JJ 43297 950 3 pieces piece NNS 43297 950 4 of of IN 43297 950 5 terra terra NN 43297 950 6 - - HYPH 43297 950 7 cotta cotta NN 43297 950 8 some some DT 43297 950 9 irregularity irregularity NN 43297 950 10 of of IN 43297 950 11 shape shape NN 43297 950 12 is be VBZ 43297 950 13 almost almost RB 43297 950 14 unavoidable unavoidable JJ 43297 950 15 , , , 43297 950 16 but but CC 43297 950 17 , , , 43297 950 18 if if IN 43297 950 19 care care NN 43297 950 20 is be VBZ 43297 950 21 taken take VBN 43297 950 22 in in IN 43297 950 23 the the DT 43297 950 24 selection selection NN 43297 950 25 and and CC 43297 950 26 manipulation manipulation NN 43297 950 27 of of IN 43297 950 28 the the DT 43297 950 29 material material NN 43297 950 30 , , , 43297 950 31 this this DT 43297 950 32 need nee MD 43297 950 33 not not RB 43297 950 34 be be VB 43297 950 35 unsightly unsightly RB 43297 950 36 . . . 43297 951 1 The the DT 43297 951 2 durability durability NN 43297 951 3 of of IN 43297 951 4 terra terra NNP 43297 951 5 - - HYPH 43297 951 6 cotta cotta NNP 43297 951 7 is be VBZ 43297 951 8 largely largely RB 43297 951 9 dependent dependent JJ 43297 951 10 on on IN 43297 951 11 the the DT 43297 951 12 nature nature NN 43297 951 13 of of IN 43297 951 14 the the DT 43297 951 15 surface surface NN 43297 951 16 . . . 43297 952 1 The the DT 43297 952 2 most most RBS 43297 952 3 suitable suitable JJ 43297 952 4 clays clay NNS 43297 952 5 , , , 43297 952 6 when when WRB 43297 952 7 fired fire VBN 43297 952 8 , , , 43297 952 9 have have VB 43297 952 10 a a DT 43297 952 11 thin thin JJ 43297 952 12 ' ' `` 43297 952 13 skin skin NN 43297 952 14 ' ' '' 43297 952 15 of of IN 43297 952 16 vitrified vitrified JJ 43297 952 17 material material NN 43297 952 18 which which WDT 43297 952 19 is be VBZ 43297 952 20 very very RB 43297 952 21 resistant resistant JJ 43297 952 22 to to IN 43297 952 23 climatic climatic JJ 43297 952 24 influences influence NNS 43297 952 25 , , , 43297 952 26 and and CC 43297 952 27 so so RB 43297 952 28 long long RB 43297 952 29 as as IN 43297 952 30 this this DT 43297 952 31 remains remain VBZ 43297 952 32 intact intact JJ 43297 952 33 the the DT 43297 952 34 ware ware NN 43297 952 35 will will MD 43297 952 36 continue continue VB 43297 952 37 in in IN 43297 952 38 perfect perfect JJ 43297 952 39 condition condition NN 43297 952 40 . . . 43297 953 1 If if IN 43297 953 2 this this DT 43297 953 3 ' ' `` 43297 953 4 skin skin NN 43297 953 5 ' ' '' 43297 953 6 is be VBZ 43297 953 7 removed remove VBN 43297 953 8 , , , 43297 953 9 rain rain NN 43297 953 10 will will MD 43297 953 11 penetrate penetrate VB 43297 953 12 the the DT 43297 953 13 material material NN 43297 953 14 and and CC 43297 953 15 under under IN 43297 953 16 the the DT 43297 953 17 influence influence NN 43297 953 18 of of IN 43297 953 19 frost frost NN 43297 953 20 may may MD 43297 953 21 cause cause VB 43297 953 22 rapid rapid JJ 43297 953 23 disintegration disintegration NN 43297 953 24 . . . 43297 954 1 In in IN 43297 954 2 the the DT 43297 954 3 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 954 4 of of IN 43297 954 5 very very RB 43297 954 6 large large JJ 43297 954 7 pieces piece NNS 43297 954 8 of of IN 43297 954 9 terra terra NNP 43297 954 10 - - HYPH 43297 954 11 cotta cotta NNP 43297 954 12 a a DT 43297 954 13 coarse coarse JJ 43297 954 14 , , , 43297 954 15 porous porous JJ 43297 954 16 clay clay NN 43297 954 17 is be VBZ 43297 954 18 used use VBN 43297 954 19 for for IN 43297 954 20 the the DT 43297 954 21 foundation foundation NN 43297 954 22 and and CC 43297 954 23 interior interior NN 43297 954 24 , , , 43297 954 25 and and CC 43297 954 26 this this DT 43297 954 27 is be VBZ 43297 954 28 covered cover VBN 43297 954 29 with with IN 43297 954 30 the the DT 43297 954 31 finer finer NNP 43297 954 32 clay clay NN 43297 954 33 . . . 43297 955 1 By by IN 43297 955 2 this this DT 43297 955 3 means mean VBZ 43297 955 4 a a DT 43297 955 5 greater great JJR 43297 955 6 resistance resistance NN 43297 955 7 to to IN 43297 955 8 changes change NNS 43297 955 9 in in IN 43297 955 10 temperature temperature NN 43297 955 11 is be VBZ 43297 955 12 secured secure VBN 43297 955 13 , , , 43297 955 14 the the DT 43297 955 15 drying drying NN 43297 955 16 and and CC 43297 955 17 the the DT 43297 955 18 burning burning NN 43297 955 19 of of IN 43297 955 20 the the DT 43297 955 21 material material NN 43297 955 22 in in IN 43297 955 23 the the DT 43297 955 24 kiln kiln NN 43297 955 25 are be VBP 43297 955 26 facilitated facilitate VBN 43297 955 27 and and CC 43297 955 28 the the DT 43297 955 29 risks risk NNS 43297 955 30 of of IN 43297 955 31 damage damage NN 43297 955 32 in in IN 43297 955 33 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 955 34 are be VBP 43297 955 35 materially materially RB 43297 955 36 reduced reduce VBN 43297 955 37 . . . 43297 956 1 = = NFP 43297 956 2 Cement cement NN 43297 956 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 956 4 are be VBP 43297 956 5 those those DT 43297 956 6 used use VBN 43297 956 7 in in IN 43297 956 8 the the DT 43297 956 9 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 956 10 of of IN 43297 956 11 Portland Portland NNP 43297 956 12 cement cement NN 43297 956 13 and and CC 43297 956 14 of of IN 43297 956 15 so so RB 43297 956 16 - - HYPH 43297 956 17 called call VBN 43297 956 18 natural natural JJ 43297 956 19 cements cement NNS 43297 956 20 . . . 43297 957 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 957 2 are be VBP 43297 957 3 largely largely RB 43297 957 4 of of IN 43297 957 5 an an DT 43297 957 6 alluvial alluvial JJ 43297 957 7 character character NN 43297 957 8 and and CC 43297 957 9 are be VBP 43297 957 10 of of IN 43297 957 11 two two CD 43297 957 12 chief chief JJ 43297 957 13 classes class NNS 43297 957 14 : : : 43297 957 15 ( ( -LRB- 43297 957 16 _ _ NNP 43297 957 17 a a DT 43297 957 18 _ _ NNP 43297 957 19 ) ) -RRB- 43297 957 20 those those DT 43297 957 21 which which WDT 43297 957 22 contain contain VBP 43297 957 23 chalk chalk NN 43297 957 24 or or CC 43297 957 25 limestone limestone NN 43297 957 26 dust dust NN 43297 957 27 and and CC 43297 957 28 clay clay NN 43297 957 29 in in IN 43297 957 30 proportions proportion NNS 43297 957 31 suitable suitable JJ 43297 957 32 for for IN 43297 957 33 the the DT 43297 957 34 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 957 35 of of IN 43297 957 36 cement cement NN 43297 957 37 and and CC 43297 957 38 ( ( -LRB- 43297 957 39 _ _ NNP 43297 957 40 b b NNP 43297 957 41 _ _ NNP 43297 957 42 ) ) -RRB- 43297 957 43 those those DT 43297 957 44 to to TO 43297 957 45 which which WDT 43297 957 46 chalk chalk NN 43297 957 47 or or CC 43297 957 48 ground ground NN 43297 957 49 limestone limestone NN 43297 957 50 must must MD 43297 957 51 be be VB 43297 957 52 added add VBN 43297 957 53 . . . 43297 958 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 958 2 vary vary VBP 43297 958 3 in in IN 43297 958 4 composition composition NN 43297 958 5 from from IN 43297 958 6 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 958 7 limestones limestone NNS 43297 958 8 containing contain VBG 43297 958 9 only only RB 43297 958 10 a a DT 43297 958 11 small small JJ 43297 958 12 proportion proportion NN 43297 958 13 of of IN 43297 958 14 clay clay NN 43297 958 15 to to IN 43297 958 16 almost almost RB 43297 958 17 pure pure JJ 43297 958 18 clays clay NNS 43297 958 19 . . . 43297 959 1 The the DT 43297 959 2 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 959 3 of of IN 43297 959 4 Portland Portland NNP 43297 959 5 cement cement NN 43297 959 6 has have VBZ 43297 959 7 assumed assume VBN 43297 959 8 a a DT 43297 959 9 great great JJ 43297 959 10 importance importance NN 43297 959 11 and and CC 43297 959 12 owing owing NN 43297 959 13 to to IN 43297 959 14 the the DT 43297 959 15 large large JJ 43297 959 16 amount amount NN 43297 959 17 of of IN 43297 959 18 investigations investigation NNS 43297 959 19 made make VBN 43297 959 20 in in IN 43297 959 21 connection connection NN 43297 959 22 with with IN 43297 959 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 959 24 , , , 43297 959 25 it -PRON- PRP 43297 959 26 may may MD 43297 959 27 be be VB 43297 959 28 said say VBN 43297 959 29 to to TO 43297 959 30 represent represent VB 43297 959 31 the the DT 43297 959 32 chief chief JJ 43297 959 33 cement cement NN 43297 959 34 made make VBN 43297 959 35 from from IN 43297 959 36 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 959 37 materials material NNS 43297 959 38 , , , 43297 959 39 the the DT 43297 959 40 others other NNS 43297 959 41 being be VBG 43297 959 42 convenient convenient JJ 43297 959 43 though though IN 43297 959 44 crude crude JJ 43297 959 45 modifications modification NNS 43297 959 46 of of IN 43297 959 47 it -PRON- PRP 43297 959 48 . . . 43297 960 1 The the DT 43297 960 2 essential essential JJ 43297 960 3 constituents constituent NNS 43297 960 4 are be VBP 43297 960 5 calcium calcium NN 43297 960 6 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 960 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 960 8 introduced introduce VBN 43297 960 9 in in IN 43297 960 10 the the DT 43297 960 11 form form NN 43297 960 12 of of IN 43297 960 13 chalk chalk NN 43297 960 14 or or CC 43297 960 15 powdered powder VBN 43297 960 16 limestone limestone NN 43297 960 17 ) ) -RRB- 43297 960 18 and and CC 43297 960 19 clay clay NN 43297 960 20 , , , 43297 960 21 the the DT 43297 960 22 composition composition NN 43297 960 23 of of IN 43297 960 24 the the DT 43297 960 25 naturally naturally RB 43297 960 26 occurring occur VBG 43297 960 27 materials material NNS 43297 960 28 being be VBG 43297 960 29 modified modify VBN 43297 960 30 by by IN 43297 960 31 the the DT 43297 960 32 addition addition NN 43297 960 33 of of IN 43297 960 34 a a DT 43297 960 35 suitable suitable JJ 43297 960 36 proportion proportion NN 43297 960 37 of of IN 43297 960 38 one one CD 43297 960 39 or or CC 43297 960 40 other other JJ 43297 960 41 of of IN 43297 960 42 these these DT 43297 960 43 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 960 44 . . . 43297 961 1 The the DT 43297 961 2 material material NN 43297 961 3 is be VBZ 43297 961 4 then then RB 43297 961 5 heated heated JJ 43297 961 6 until until IN 43297 961 7 it -PRON- PRP 43297 961 8 undergoes undergo VBZ 43297 961 9 partial partial JJ 43297 961 10 fusion fusion NN 43297 961 11 and and CC 43297 961 12 a a DT 43297 961 13 ' ' `` 43297 961 14 clinker clinker NN 43297 961 15 ' ' '' 43297 961 16 is be VBZ 43297 961 17 formed form VBN 43297 961 18 . . . 43297 962 1 This this DT 43297 962 2 clinker clinker NN 43297 962 3 , , , 43297 962 4 when when WRB 43297 962 5 ground ground NN 43297 962 6 , , , 43297 962 7 forms form VBZ 43297 962 8 the the DT 43297 962 9 cement cement NN 43297 962 10 . . . 43297 963 1 In in IN 43297 963 2 Kent Kent NNP 43297 963 3 , , , 43297 963 4 the the DT 43297 963 5 Medway Medway NNP 43297 963 6 mud mud NN 43297 963 7 is be VBZ 43297 963 8 mixed mix VBN 43297 963 9 with with IN 43297 963 10 chalk chalk NN 43297 963 11 ; ; : 43297 963 12 in in IN 43297 963 13 Sussex Sussex NNP 43297 963 14 , , , 43297 963 15 a a DT 43297 963 16 mixture mixture NN 43297 963 17 of of IN 43297 963 18 gault gault NN 43297 963 19 clay clay NN 43297 963 20 and and CC 43297 963 21 chalk chalk NN 43297 963 22 is be VBZ 43297 963 23 employed employ VBN 43297 963 24 ; ; : 43297 963 25 in in IN 43297 963 26 the the DT 43297 963 27 Midlands Midlands NNP 43297 963 28 and and CC 43297 963 29 South South NNP 43297 963 30 Wales Wales NNP 43297 963 31 , , , 43297 963 32 Liassic liassic JJ 43297 963 33 shales shale NNS 43297 963 34 and and CC 43297 963 35 limestone limestone NN 43297 963 36 are be VBP 43297 963 37 used use VBN 43297 963 38 ; ; : 43297 963 39 in in IN 43297 963 40 Northumberland Northumberland NNP 43297 963 41 a a DT 43297 963 42 mixture mixture NN 43297 963 43 of of IN 43297 963 44 Kentish kentish JJ 43297 963 45 chalk chalk NN 43297 963 46 and and CC 43297 963 47 a a DT 43297 963 48 local local JJ 43297 963 49 clay clay NN 43297 963 50 is be VBZ 43297 963 51 preferred prefer VBN 43297 963 52 , , , 43297 963 53 and and CC 43297 963 54 in in IN 43297 963 55 Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire NNP 43297 963 56 a a DT 43297 963 57 special special JJ 43297 963 58 marl marl NN 43297 963 59 lying lying NN 43297 963 60 between between IN 43297 963 61 the the DT 43297 963 62 Chalk Chalk NNP 43297 963 63 and and CC 43297 963 64 the the DT 43297 963 65 Greensand Greensand NNP 43297 963 66 is be VBZ 43297 963 67 found find VBN 43297 963 68 to to TO 43297 963 69 be be VB 43297 963 70 admirable admirable JJ 43297 963 71 for for IN 43297 963 72 the the DT 43297 963 73 purpose purpose NN 43297 963 74 because because IN 43297 963 75 it -PRON- PRP 43297 963 76 contains contain VBZ 43297 963 77 the the DT 43297 963 78 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 963 79 in in IN 43297 963 80 almost almost RB 43297 963 81 exactly exactly RB 43297 963 82 the the DT 43297 963 83 required require VBN 43297 963 84 proportions proportion NNS 43297 963 85 . . . 43297 964 1 For for IN 43297 964 2 cement cement NN 43297 964 3 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 964 4 , , , 43297 964 5 clays clay NNS 43297 964 6 should should MD 43297 964 7 be be VB 43297 964 8 as as RB 43297 964 9 free free JJ 43297 964 10 as as IN 43297 964 11 possible possible JJ 43297 964 12 from from IN 43297 964 13 material material NN 43297 964 14 which which WDT 43297 964 15 , , , 43297 964 16 in in IN 43297 964 17 slip slip NN 43297 964 18 form form NN 43297 964 19 , , , 43297 964 20 will will MD 43297 964 21 not not RB 43297 964 22 pass pass VB 43297 964 23 through through RP 43297 964 24 a a DT 43297 964 25 No no NN 43297 964 26 . . . 43297 965 1 100 100 CD 43297 965 2 sieve sieve NN 43297 965 3 , , , 43297 965 4 as as IN 43297 965 5 coarse coarse JJ 43297 965 6 sand sand NN 43297 965 7 and and CC 43297 965 8 other other JJ 43297 965 9 rock rock NN 43297 965 10 débris débris NN 43297 965 11 are be VBP 43297 965 12 practically practically RB 43297 965 13 inert inert JJ 43297 965 14 . . . 43297 966 1 The the DT 43297 966 2 proportion proportion NN 43297 966 3 of of IN 43297 966 4 alumina alumina NNP 43297 966 5 and and CC 43297 966 6 iron iron NN 43297 966 7 should should MD 43297 966 8 be be VB 43297 966 9 about about RB 43297 966 10 one one CD 43297 966 11 - - HYPH 43297 966 12 third third NN 43297 966 13 , , , 43297 966 14 but but CC 43297 966 15 not not RB 43297 966 16 more more JJR 43297 966 17 than than IN 43297 966 18 one one CD 43297 966 19 - - HYPH 43297 966 20 half half NN 43297 966 21 , , , 43297 966 22 that that DT 43297 966 23 of of IN 43297 966 24 the the DT 43297 966 25 silica silica NN 43297 966 26 , , , 43297 966 27 and and CC 43297 966 28 in in IN 43297 966 29 countries country NNS 43297 966 30 where where WRB 43297 966 31 the the DT 43297 966 32 proportion proportion NN 43297 966 33 of of IN 43297 966 34 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 966 35 in in IN 43297 966 36 a a DT 43297 966 37 cement cement NN 43297 966 38 is be VBZ 43297 966 39 limited limit VBN 43297 966 40 by by IN 43297 966 41 standard standard JJ 43297 966 42 specifications specification NNS 43297 966 43 , , , 43297 966 44 it -PRON- PRP 43297 966 45 will will MD 43297 966 46 be be VB 43297 966 47 found find VBN 43297 966 48 undesirable undesirable JJ 43297 966 49 to to TO 43297 966 50 use use VB 43297 966 51 clays clay NNS 43297 966 52 containing contain VBG 43297 966 53 more more JJR 43297 966 54 than than IN 43297 966 55 3 3 CD 43297 966 56 per per NN 43297 966 57 cent cent NN 43297 966 58 . . . 43297 967 1 of of IN 43297 967 2 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 967 3 and and CC 43297 967 4 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 967 5 . . . 43297 968 1 Whilst whilst IN 43297 968 2 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 968 3 clays clay NNS 43297 968 4 usually usually RB 43297 968 5 prove prove VBP 43297 968 6 the the DT 43297 968 7 most most RBS 43297 968 8 convenient convenient JJ 43297 968 9 in in IN 43297 968 10 the the DT 43297 968 11 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 968 12 of of IN 43297 968 13 cement cement NN 43297 968 14 , , , 43297 968 15 it -PRON- PRP 43297 968 16 is be VBZ 43297 968 17 by by IN 43297 968 18 no no DT 43297 968 19 means means NN 43297 968 20 essential essential JJ 43297 968 21 to to TO 43297 968 22 use use VB 43297 968 23 them -PRON- PRP 43297 968 24 , , , 43297 968 25 and and CC 43297 968 26 where where WRB 43297 968 27 a a DT 43297 968 28 clay clay NN 43297 968 29 almost almost RB 43297 968 30 free free JJ 43297 968 31 from from IN 43297 968 32 lime lime NN 43297 968 33 occurs occur VBZ 43297 968 34 in in IN 43297 968 35 convenient convenient JJ 43297 968 36 proximity proximity NN 43297 968 37 to to IN 43297 968 38 a a DT 43297 968 39 suitable suitable JJ 43297 968 40 chalk chalk NN 43297 968 41 or or CC 43297 968 42 limestone limestone NN 43297 968 43 deposit deposit VB 43297 968 44 an an DT 43297 968 45 excellent excellent JJ 43297 968 46 cement cement NN 43297 968 47 may may MD 43297 968 48 usually usually RB 43297 968 49 be be VB 43297 968 50 manufactured manufacture VBN 43297 968 51 . . . 43297 969 1 The the DT 43297 969 2 ' ' `` 43297 969 3 clays clay NNS 43297 969 4 ' ' '' 43297 969 5 from from IN 43297 969 6 which which WDT 43297 969 7 the the DT 43297 969 8 so so RB 43297 969 9 - - HYPH 43297 969 10 called call VBN 43297 969 11 ' ' `` 43297 969 12 natural natural JJ 43297 969 13 ' ' '' 43297 969 14 or or CC 43297 969 15 ' ' `` 43297 969 16 Roman roman JJ 43297 969 17 cements cement NNS 43297 969 18 ' ' '' 43297 969 19 are be VBP 43297 969 20 made make VBN 43297 969 21 by by IN 43297 969 22 simple simple JJ 43297 969 23 calcination calcination NN 43297 969 24 and and CC 43297 969 25 crushing crushing NN 43297 969 26 , , , 43297 969 27 usually usually RB 43297 969 28 fuse fuse VB 43297 969 29 at at IN 43297 969 30 a a DT 43297 969 31 lower low JJR 43297 969 32 temperature temperature NN 43297 969 33 than than IN 43297 969 34 do do VB 43297 969 35 the the DT 43297 969 36 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 969 37 used use VBN 43297 969 38 for for IN 43297 969 39 Portland Portland NNP 43297 969 40 cement cement NN 43297 969 41 , , , 43297 969 42 and and CC 43297 969 43 unless unless IN 43297 969 44 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 969 45 composition composition NN 43297 969 46 is be VBZ 43297 969 47 accurately accurately RB 43297 969 48 adjusted adjust VBN 43297 969 49 they -PRON- PRP 43297 969 50 yield yield VBP 43297 969 51 a a DT 43297 969 52 product product NN 43297 969 53 of of IN 43297 969 54 such such JJ 43297 969 55 variable variable JJ 43297 969 56 quality quality NN 43297 969 57 as as IN 43297 969 58 to to TO 43297 969 59 be be VB 43297 969 60 unsuitable unsuitable JJ 43297 969 61 for for IN 43297 969 62 high high JJ 43297 969 63 class class NN 43297 969 64 work work NN 43297 969 65 . . . 43297 970 1 = = NFP 43297 970 2 Fuller Fuller NNP 43297 970 3 's 's POS 43297 970 4 earth= earth= NN 43297 970 5 is be VBZ 43297 970 6 a a DT 43297 970 7 term term NN 43297 970 8 used use VBN 43297 970 9 to to TO 43297 970 10 indicate indicate VB 43297 970 11 any any DT 43297 970 12 earthy earthy JJ 43297 970 13 material material NN 43297 970 14 which which WDT 43297 970 15 can can MD 43297 970 16 be be VB 43297 970 17 employed employ VBN 43297 970 18 for for IN 43297 970 19 fulling full VBG 43297 970 20 or or CC 43297 970 21 degreasing degrease VBG 43297 970 22 wool wool NN 43297 970 23 and and CC 43297 970 24 bleaching bleach VBG 43297 970 25 oil oil NN 43297 970 26 . . . 43297 971 1 True true JJ 43297 971 2 fuller fuller NN 43297 971 3 's 's POS 43297 971 4 earth earth NN 43297 971 5 is be VBZ 43297 971 6 obtained obtain VBN 43297 971 7 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 971 8 from from IN 43297 971 9 the the DT 43297 971 10 neighbourhood neighbourhood NN 43297 971 11 of of IN 43297 971 12 Reigate Reigate NNP 43297 971 13 , , , 43297 971 14 Surrey Surrey NNP 43297 971 15 , , , 43297 971 16 Woburn Woburn NNP 43297 971 17 Sands Sands NNPS 43297 971 18 , , , 43297 971 19 Bedfordshire Bedfordshire NNP 43297 971 20 and and CC 43297 971 21 from from IN 43297 971 22 below below IN 43297 971 23 the the DT 43297 971 24 Oolite Oolite NNP 43297 971 25 formation formation NN 43297 971 26 near near IN 43297 971 27 Bath Bath NNP 43297 971 28 , , , 43297 971 29 but but CC 43297 971 30 owing owe VBG 43297 971 31 to to IN 43297 971 32 the the DT 43297 971 33 scarcity scarcity NN 43297 971 34 of of IN 43297 971 35 the the DT 43297 971 36 material material NN 43297 971 37 and and CC 43297 971 38 the the DT 43297 971 39 irregularity irregularity NN 43297 971 40 of of IN 43297 971 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 971 42 behaviour behaviour NN 43297 971 43 , , , 43297 971 44 china china NNP 43297 971 45 clay clay NNP 43297 971 46 is be VBZ 43297 971 47 now now RB 43297 971 48 largely largely RB 43297 971 49 used use VBN 43297 971 50 for for IN 43297 971 51 the the DT 43297 971 52 same same JJ 43297 971 53 purpose purpose NN 43297 971 54 . . . 43297 972 1 True true JJ 43297 972 2 fuller fuller NN 43297 972 3 's 's POS 43297 972 4 earth earth NN 43297 972 5 is be VBZ 43297 972 6 much much RB 43297 972 7 more more RBR 43297 972 8 fusible fusible JJ 43297 972 9 than than IN 43297 972 10 the the DT 43297 972 11 white white JJ 43297 972 12 clays clay NNS 43297 972 13 usually usually RB 43297 972 14 substituted substitute VBN 43297 972 15 for for IN 43297 972 16 it -PRON- PRP 43297 972 17 , , , 43297 972 18 and and CC 43297 972 19 when when WRB 43297 972 20 mixed mix VBN 43297 972 21 with with IN 43297 972 22 water water NN 43297 972 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 972 24 does do VBZ 43297 972 25 not not RB 43297 972 26 form form VB 43297 972 27 a a DT 43297 972 28 plastic plastic JJ 43297 972 29 paste paste NN 43297 972 30 but but CC 43297 972 31 falls fall VBZ 43297 972 32 to to TO 43297 972 33 powder powder VB 43297 972 34 . . . 43297 973 1 As as IN 43297 973 2 the the DT 43297 973 3 chief chief JJ 43297 973 4 requirement requirement NN 43297 973 5 of of IN 43297 973 6 the the DT 43297 973 7 fuller fuller NN 43297 973 8 is be VBZ 43297 973 9 the the DT 43297 973 10 grease grease NN 43297 973 11 - - HYPH 43297 973 12 absorbing absorb VBG 43297 973 13 power power NN 43297 973 14 of of IN 43297 973 15 the the DT 43297 973 16 material material NN 43297 973 17 there there EX 43297 973 18 is be VBZ 43297 973 19 no no DT 43297 973 20 objection objection NN 43297 973 21 to to IN 43297 973 22 the the DT 43297 973 23 substitution substitution NN 43297 973 24 of of IN 43297 973 25 other other JJ 43297 973 26 earths earth NNS 43297 973 27 of of IN 43297 973 28 equal equal JJ 43297 973 29 efficiency efficiency NN 43297 973 30 . . . 43297 974 1 Fuller Fuller NNP 43297 974 2 's 's POS 43297 974 3 earth earth NN 43297 974 4 does do VBZ 43297 974 5 not not RB 43297 974 6 appear appear VB 43297 974 7 to to TO 43297 974 8 be be VB 43297 974 9 a a DT 43297 974 10 true true JJ 43297 974 11 clay clay NN 43297 974 12 , , , 43297 974 13 though though IN 43297 974 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 974 15 constitution constitution NN 43297 974 16 and and CC 43297 974 17 mineralogical mineralogical JJ 43297 974 18 composition composition NN 43297 974 19 are be VBP 43297 974 20 by by IN 43297 974 21 no no DT 43297 974 22 means means NN 43297 974 23 clearly clearly RB 43297 974 24 known know VBN 43297 974 25 . . . 43297 975 1 T. T. NNP 43297 975 2 J. J. NNP 43297 975 3 Porter Porter NNP 43297 975 4 considers consider VBZ 43297 975 5 that that IN 43297 975 6 it -PRON- PRP 43297 975 7 is be VBZ 43297 975 8 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 975 9 composed compose VBN 43297 975 10 of of IN 43297 975 11 montmorillonite montmorillonite NN 43297 975 12 ( ( -LRB- 43297 975 13 Al2O3·4SiO2H2O Al2O3·4SiO2H2O NFP 43297 975 14 ) ) -RRB- 43297 975 15 , , , 43297 975 16 anauxite anauxite JJ 43297 975 17 , , , 43297 975 18 ( ( -LRB- 43297 975 19 2Al2O3·9SiO2·6H2O 2al2o3·9sio2·6h2o CD 43297 975 20 ) ) -RRB- 43297 975 21 , , , 43297 975 22 and and CC 43297 975 23 chalk chalk VB 43297 975 24 with with IN 43297 975 25 some some DT 43297 975 26 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 975 27 silica silica NN 43297 975 28 and and CC 43297 975 29 a a DT 43297 975 30 little little JJ 43297 975 31 quartz quartz NN 43297 975 32 . . . 43297 976 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 976 2 therefore therefore RB 43297 976 3 appears appear VBZ 43297 976 4 to to TO 43297 976 5 resemble resemble VB 43297 976 6 the the DT 43297 976 7 less less RBR 43297 976 8 pure pure JJ 43297 976 9 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 976 10 , , , 43297 976 11 but but CC 43297 976 12 to to TO 43297 976 13 contain contain VB 43297 976 14 little little JJ 43297 976 15 or or CC 43297 976 16 no no DT 43297 976 17 true true JJ 43297 976 18 clay clay NN 43297 976 19 , , , 43297 976 20 though though IN 43297 976 21 in in IN 43297 976 22 many many JJ 43297 976 23 respects respect NNS 43297 976 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 976 25 behaves behave VBZ 43297 976 26 in in IN 43297 976 27 a a DT 43297 976 28 manner manner NN 43297 976 29 similar similar JJ 43297 976 30 to to IN 43297 976 31 a a DT 43297 976 32 kaolin kaolin NN 43297 976 33 of of IN 43297 976 34 unusually unusually RB 43297 976 35 low low JJ 43297 976 36 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 976 37 . . . 43297 977 1 = = NFP 43297 977 2 Other other JJ 43297 977 3 clays= clays= NN 43297 977 4 of of IN 43297 977 5 commercial commercial JJ 43297 977 6 importance importance NN 43297 977 7 , , , 43297 977 8 with with IN 43297 977 9 further further JJ 43297 977 10 details detail NNS 43297 977 11 of of IN 43297 977 12 the the DT 43297 977 13 ones one NNS 43297 977 14 just just RB 43297 977 15 mentioned mention VBN 43297 977 16 , , , 43297 977 17 are be VBP 43297 977 18 described describe VBN 43297 977 19 in in IN 43297 977 20 the the DT 43297 977 21 author author NN 43297 977 22 's 's POS 43297 977 23 _ _ NNP 43297 977 24 British British NNP 43297 977 25 Clays Clays NNPS 43297 977 26 , , , 43297 977 27 Shales Shales NNPS 43297 977 28 and and CC 43297 977 29 Sands Sands NNPS 43297 977 30 _ _ NNP 43297 977 31 ( ( -LRB- 43297 977 32 2 2 CD 43297 977 33 ) ) -RRB- 43297 977 34 . . . 43297 978 1 CHAPTER CHAPTER NNP 43297 978 2 VI VI NNP 43297 978 3 CLAY CLAY NNP 43297 978 4 SUBSTANCE SUBSTANCE NNP 43297 978 5 : : : 43297 978 6 THEORETICAL theoretical NN 43297 978 7 AND and CC 43297 978 8 ACTUAL actual NN 43297 978 9 Having have VBG 43297 978 10 indicated indicate VBN 43297 978 11 the the DT 43297 978 12 origin origin NN 43297 978 13 , , , 43297 978 14 modes mode NNS 43297 978 15 of of IN 43297 978 16 accumulation accumulation NN 43297 978 17 and and CC 43297 978 18 general general JJ 43297 978 19 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 978 20 of of IN 43297 978 21 the the DT 43297 978 22 numerous numerous JJ 43297 978 23 materials material NNS 43297 978 24 known know VBN 43297 978 25 as as IN 43297 978 26 ' ' `` 43297 978 27 clay clay NN 43297 978 28 , , , 43297 978 29 ' ' '' 43297 978 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 978 31 now now RB 43297 978 32 remains remain VBZ 43297 978 33 to to TO 43297 978 34 ascertain ascertain VB 43297 978 35 what what WDT 43297 978 36 substance substance NN 43297 978 37 , , , 43297 978 38 if if IN 43297 978 39 any any DT 43297 978 40 , , , 43297 978 41 is be VBZ 43297 978 42 contained contain VBN 43297 978 43 in in IN 43297 978 44 all all DT 43297 978 45 of of IN 43297 978 46 them -PRON- PRP 43297 978 47 and and CC 43297 978 48 may may MD 43297 978 49 be be VB 43297 978 50 regarded regard VBN 43297 978 51 as as IN 43297 978 52 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 978 53 essential essential JJ 43297 978 54 constituent constituent NN 43297 978 55 , , , 43297 978 56 to to TO 43297 978 57 which which WDT 43297 978 58 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 978 59 properties property NNS 43297 978 60 are be VBP 43297 978 61 largely largely RB 43297 978 62 due due JJ 43297 978 63 . . . 43297 979 1 Just just RB 43297 979 2 as as IN 43297 979 3 the the DT 43297 979 4 value value NN 43297 979 5 of of IN 43297 979 6 an an DT 43297 979 7 ore ore NN 43297 979 8 is be VBZ 43297 979 9 dependent dependent JJ 43297 979 10 to to IN 43297 979 11 a a DT 43297 979 12 very very RB 43297 979 13 large large JJ 43297 979 14 extent extent NN 43297 979 15 on on IN 43297 979 16 the the DT 43297 979 17 proportion proportion NN 43297 979 18 of of IN 43297 979 19 the the DT 43297 979 20 desired desire VBN 43297 979 21 metal metal NN 43297 979 22 which which WDT 43297 979 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 979 24 contains contain VBZ 43297 979 25 , , , 43297 979 26 and and CC 43297 979 27 just just RB 43297 979 28 as as IN 43297 979 29 coal coal NN 43297 979 30 is be VBZ 43297 979 31 largely largely RB 43297 979 32 , , , 43297 979 33 though though IN 43297 979 34 not not RB 43297 979 35 entirely entirely RB 43297 979 36 , , , 43297 979 37 esteemed esteem VBN 43297 979 38 in in IN 43297 979 39 proportion proportion NN 43297 979 40 to to IN 43297 979 41 the the DT 43297 979 42 percentage percentage NN 43297 979 43 of of IN 43297 979 44 carbon carbon NN 43297 979 45 and and CC 43297 979 46 hydrogen hydrogen NN 43297 979 47 in in IN 43297 979 48 it -PRON- PRP 43297 979 49 , , , 43297 979 50 so so CC 43297 979 51 there there EX 43297 979 52 may may MD 43297 979 53 be be VB 43297 979 54 an an DT 43297 979 55 essential essential JJ 43297 979 56 substance substance NN 43297 979 57 in in IN 43297 979 58 clays clay NNS 43297 979 59 to to TO 43297 979 60 which which WDT 43297 979 61 they -PRON- PRP 43297 979 62 owe owe VBP 43297 979 63 the the DT 43297 979 64 most most RBS 43297 979 65 important important JJ 43297 979 66 of of IN 43297 979 67 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 979 68 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 979 69 . . . 43297 980 1 The the DT 43297 980 2 proportion proportion NN 43297 980 3 of of IN 43297 980 4 metal metal NN 43297 980 5 in in IN 43297 980 6 an an DT 43297 980 7 ore ore NN 43297 980 8 or or CC 43297 980 9 of of IN 43297 980 10 hydrocarbon hydrocarbon NN 43297 980 11 in in IN 43297 980 12 a a DT 43297 980 13 coal coal NN 43297 980 14 can can MD 43297 980 15 be be VB 43297 980 16 ascertained ascertain VBN 43297 980 17 without without IN 43297 980 18 serious serious JJ 43297 980 19 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 980 20 by by IN 43297 980 21 some some DT 43297 980 22 means mean NNS 43297 980 23 of of IN 43297 980 24 analysis analysis NN 43297 980 25 , , , 43297 980 26 but but CC 43297 980 27 with with IN 43297 980 28 clay clay NN 43297 980 29 the the DT 43297 980 30 difficulties difficulty NNS 43297 980 31 are be VBP 43297 980 32 so so RB 43297 980 33 great great JJ 43297 980 34 that that IN 43297 980 35 , , , 43297 980 36 to to IN 43297 980 37 some some DT 43297 980 38 extent extent NN 43297 980 39 at at RB 43297 980 40 least least JJS 43297 980 41 , , , 43297 980 42 they -PRON- PRP 43297 980 43 must must MD 43297 980 44 be be VB 43297 980 45 regarded regard VBN 43297 980 46 as as IN 43297 980 47 being be VBG 43297 980 48 , , , 43297 980 49 for for IN 43297 980 50 the the DT 43297 980 51 present present JJ 43297 980 52 , , , 43297 980 53 insurmountable insurmountable JJ 43297 980 54 . . . 43297 981 1 This this DT 43297 981 2 is be VBZ 43297 981 3 in in IN 43297 981 4 no no DT 43297 981 5 small small JJ 43297 981 6 measure measure NN 43297 981 7 due due IN 43297 981 8 to to IN 43297 981 9 the the DT 43297 981 10 general general JJ 43297 981 11 recognition recognition NN 43297 981 12 of of IN 43297 981 13 all all DT 43297 981 14 minerals mineral NNS 43297 981 15 or or CC 43297 981 16 rocks rock NNS 43297 981 17 which which WDT 43297 981 18 become become VBP 43297 981 19 plastic plastic NN 43297 981 20 when when WRB 43297 981 21 kneaded knead VBN 43297 981 22 with with IN 43297 981 23 water water NN 43297 981 24 as as IN 43297 981 25 ' ' `` 43297 981 26 clays clay NNS 43297 981 27 ' ' '' 43297 981 28 without without IN 43297 981 29 much much JJ 43297 981 30 regard regard NN 43297 981 31 being be VBG 43297 981 32 paid pay VBN 43297 981 33 to to IN 43297 981 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 981 35 composition composition NN 43297 981 36 . . . 43297 982 1 Consequently consequently RB 43297 982 2 materials material NNS 43297 982 3 of of IN 43297 982 4 the the DT 43297 982 5 most most RBS 43297 982 6 diverse diverse JJ 43297 982 7 nature nature NN 43297 982 8 in in IN 43297 982 9 other other JJ 43297 982 10 respects respect NNS 43297 982 11 are be VBP 43297 982 12 termed term VBN 43297 982 13 clays clay NNS 43297 982 14 if if IN 43297 982 15 they -PRON- PRP 43297 982 16 are be VBP 43297 982 17 known know VBN 43297 982 18 to to TO 43297 982 19 become become VB 43297 982 20 plastic plastic NN 43297 982 21 under under IN 43297 982 22 certain certain JJ 43297 982 23 conditions condition NNS 43297 982 24 . . . 43297 983 1 There there EX 43297 983 2 is be VBZ 43297 983 3 , , , 43297 983 4 in in IN 43297 983 5 fact fact NN 43297 983 6 , , , 43297 983 7 at at IN 43297 983 8 the the DT 43297 983 9 present present JJ 43297 983 10 time time NN 43297 983 11 , , , 43297 983 12 no no DT 43297 983 13 generally generally RB 43297 983 14 accepted accept VBN 43297 983 15 definition definition NN 43297 983 16 of of IN 43297 983 17 clay clay NN 43297 983 18 which which WDT 43297 983 19 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 43297 983 20 it -PRON- PRP 43297 983 21 from from IN 43297 983 22 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 983 23 of of IN 43297 983 24 clay clay NN 43297 983 25 and and CC 43297 983 26 sand sand NN 43297 983 27 or or CC 43297 983 28 other other JJ 43297 983 29 fine fine JJ 43297 983 30 mineral mineral NN 43297 983 31 particles particle NNS 43297 983 32 . . . 43297 984 1 The the DT 43297 984 2 usual usual JJ 43297 984 3 geological geological JJ 43297 984 4 definitions definition NNS 43297 984 5 are be VBP 43297 984 6 so so RB 43297 984 7 broad broad JJ 43297 984 8 as as IN 43297 984 9 to to TO 43297 984 10 include include VB 43297 984 11 many many JJ 43297 984 12 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 984 13 containing contain VBG 43297 984 14 considerably considerably RB 43297 984 15 less less JJR 43297 984 16 than than IN 43297 984 17 half half PDT 43297 984 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 984 19 weight weight NN 43297 984 20 of of IN 43297 984 21 true true JJ 43297 984 22 clay clay NN 43297 984 23 or or CC 43297 984 24 they -PRON- PRP 43297 984 25 avoid avoid VBP 43297 984 26 the the DT 43297 984 27 composition composition NN 43297 984 28 of of IN 43297 984 29 the the DT 43297 984 30 material material NN 43297 984 31 altogether altogether RB 43297 984 32 and and CC 43297 984 33 describe describe VB 43297 984 34 it -PRON- PRP 43297 984 35 as as IN 43297 984 36 a a DT 43297 984 37 finely finely RB 43297 984 38 divided divide VBN 43297 984 39 product product NN 43297 984 40 of of IN 43297 984 41 the the DT 43297 984 42 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 984 43 of of IN 43297 984 44 rocks rock NNS 43297 984 45 . . . 43297 985 1 Many many JJ 43297 985 2 attempts attempt NNS 43297 985 3 have have VBP 43297 985 4 been be VBN 43297 985 5 made make VBN 43297 985 6 to to TO 43297 985 7 avoid avoid VB 43297 985 8 this this DT 43297 985 9 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 43297 985 10 position position NN 43297 985 11 , , , 43297 985 12 which which WDT 43297 985 13 is be VBZ 43297 985 14 alike alike RB 43297 985 15 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 43297 985 16 to to IN 43297 985 17 the the DT 43297 985 18 geologist geologist NN 43297 985 19 , , , 43297 985 20 the the DT 43297 985 21 mineralogist mineralogist NN 43297 985 22 and and CC 43297 985 23 the the DT 43297 985 24 chemist chemist NN 43297 985 25 as as RB 43297 985 26 well well RB 43297 985 27 as as IN 43297 985 28 to to IN 43297 985 29 the the DT 43297 985 30 large large JJ 43297 985 31 number number NN 43297 985 32 of of IN 43297 985 33 people people NNS 43297 985 34 engaged engage VBN 43297 985 35 in in IN 43297 985 36 the the DT 43297 985 37 purchase purchase NN 43297 985 38 and and CC 43297 985 39 use use NN 43297 985 40 of of IN 43297 985 41 various various JJ 43297 985 42 clays clay NNS 43297 985 43 ; ; : 43297 985 44 and and CC 43297 985 45 , , , 43297 985 46 whilst whilst IN 43297 985 47 the the DT 43297 985 48 end end NN 43297 985 49 sought seek VBD 43297 985 50 has have VBZ 43297 985 51 not not RB 43297 985 52 been be VBN 43297 985 53 reached reach VBN 43297 985 54 as as RB 43297 985 55 completely completely RB 43297 985 56 as as IN 43297 985 57 is be VBZ 43297 985 58 desirable desirable JJ 43297 985 59 , , , 43297 985 60 great great JJ 43297 985 61 progress progress NN 43297 985 62 has have VBZ 43297 985 63 been be VBN 43297 985 64 made make VBN 43297 985 65 and and CC 43297 985 66 much much JJ 43297 985 67 has have VBZ 43297 985 68 been be VBN 43297 985 69 accomplished accomplish VBN 43297 985 70 during during IN 43297 985 71 the the DT 43297 985 72 last last JJ 43297 985 73 twenty twenty CD 43297 985 74 years year NNS 43297 985 75 . . . 43297 986 1 One one CD 43297 986 2 of of IN 43297 986 3 the the DT 43297 986 4 earliest early JJS 43297 986 5 attempts attempt NNS 43297 986 6 to to TO 43297 986 7 ascertain ascertain VB 43297 986 8 whether whether IN 43297 986 9 there there EX 43297 986 10 is be VBZ 43297 986 11 an an DT 43297 986 12 essential essential JJ 43297 986 13 constituent constituent NN 43297 986 14 of of IN 43297 986 15 all all DT 43297 986 16 clays clay NNS 43297 986 17 was be VBD 43297 986 18 made make VBN 43297 986 19 by by IN 43297 986 20 Seger Seger NNP 43297 986 21 ( ( -LRB- 43297 986 22 7 7 CD 43297 986 23 ) ) -RRB- 43297 986 24 who who WP 43297 986 25 used use VBD 43297 986 26 two two CD 43297 986 27 methods method NNS 43297 986 28 of of IN 43297 986 29 separating separate VBG 43297 986 30 some some DT 43297 986 31 of of IN 43297 986 32 the the DT 43297 986 33 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 986 34 of of IN 43297 986 35 natural natural JJ 43297 986 36 clays clay NNS 43297 986 37 from from IN 43297 986 38 the the DT 43297 986 39 remaining remain VBG 43297 986 40 constituents constituent NNS 43297 986 41 . . . 43297 987 1 The the DT 43297 987 2 first first JJ 43297 987 3 of of IN 43297 987 4 these these DT 43297 987 5 methods method NNS 43297 987 6 consists consist VBZ 43297 987 7 in in IN 43297 987 8 an an DT 43297 987 9 application application NN 43297 987 10 of of IN 43297 987 11 the the DT 43297 987 12 investigations investigation NNS 43297 987 13 of of IN 43297 987 14 Schulze Schulze NNP 43297 987 15 , , , 43297 987 16 Schloesing Schloesing NNP 43297 987 17 and and CC 43297 987 18 Schoene Schoene NNP 43297 987 19 on on IN 43297 987 20 soils soil NNS 43297 987 21 , , , 43297 987 22 viz viz NN 43297 987 23 . . . 43297 988 1 the the DT 43297 988 2 removal removal NN 43297 988 3 of of IN 43297 988 4 the the DT 43297 988 5 finest fine JJS 43297 988 6 particles particle NNS 43297 988 7 by by IN 43297 988 8 elutriation elutriation NN 43297 988 9 ; ; : 43297 988 10 the the DT 43297 988 11 second second JJ 43297 988 12 is be VBZ 43297 988 13 an an DT 43297 988 14 extension extension NN 43297 988 15 of of IN 43297 988 16 the the DT 43297 988 17 method method NN 43297 988 18 of of IN 43297 988 19 Forschammer Forschammer NNP 43297 988 20 and and CC 43297 988 21 Fresenius Fresenius NNP 43297 988 22 , , , 43297 988 23 viz viz NN 43297 988 24 . . . 43297 989 1 the the DT 43297 989 2 treatment treatment NN 43297 989 3 of of IN 43297 989 4 the the DT 43297 989 5 material material NN 43297 989 6 with with IN 43297 989 7 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 989 8 acid acid NN 43297 989 9 . . . 43297 990 1 To to IN 43297 990 2 the the DT 43297 990 3 product product NN 43297 990 4 containing contain VBG 43297 990 5 the the DT 43297 990 6 clay clay NN 43297 990 7 when when WRB 43297 990 8 either either DT 43297 990 9 of of IN 43297 990 10 these these DT 43297 990 11 methods method NNS 43297 990 12 is be VBZ 43297 990 13 used use VBN 43297 990 14 Seger Seger NNP 43297 990 15 gave give VBD 43297 990 16 the the DT 43297 990 17 name name NN 43297 990 18 _ _ NNP 43297 990 19 clay clay NN 43297 990 20 substance substance NN 43297 990 21 _ _ NNP 43297 990 22 , , , 43297 990 23 but but CC 43297 990 24 the the DT 43297 990 25 material material NN 43297 990 26 so so RB 43297 990 27 separated separated JJ 43297 990 28 is be VBZ 43297 990 29 by by IN 43297 990 30 no no DT 43297 990 31 means means NN 43297 990 32 pure pure JJ 43297 990 33 clay clay NN 43297 990 34 . . . 43297 991 1 The the DT 43297 991 2 term term NN 43297 991 3 clay clay NN 43297 991 4 substance substance NN 43297 991 5 must must MD 43297 991 6 , , , 43297 991 7 therefore therefore RB 43297 991 8 , , , 43297 991 9 be be VB 43297 991 10 confined confine VBN 43297 991 11 to to IN 43297 991 12 the the DT 43297 991 13 crude crude JJ 43297 991 14 product product NN 43297 991 15 containing contain VBG 43297 991 16 the the DT 43297 991 17 clay clay NN 43297 991 18 together together RB 43297 991 19 with with IN 43297 991 20 such such JJ 43297 991 21 other other JJ 43297 991 22 impurities impurity NNS 43297 991 23 as as IN 43297 991 24 are be VBP 43297 991 25 in in IN 43297 991 26 the the DT 43297 991 27 form form NN 43297 991 28 of of IN 43297 991 29 extremely extremely RB 43297 991 30 small small JJ 43297 991 31 particles particle NNS 43297 991 32 or or CC 43297 991 33 are be VBP 43297 991 34 soluble soluble JJ 43297 991 35 in in IN 43297 991 36 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 991 37 acid acid NN 43297 991 38 . . . 43297 992 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 992 2 has have VBZ 43297 992 3 not not RB 43297 992 4 yet yet RB 43297 992 5 been be VBN 43297 992 6 found find VBN 43297 992 7 possible possible JJ 43297 992 8 to to TO 43297 992 9 isolate isolate VB 43297 992 10 pure pure JJ 43297 992 11 clay clay NN 43297 992 12 from from IN 43297 992 13 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 992 14 clays clay NNS 43297 992 15 , , , 43297 992 16 so so IN 43297 992 17 that that IN 43297 992 18 in in IN 43297 992 19 investigating investigate VBG 43297 992 20 the the DT 43297 992 21 nature nature NN 43297 992 22 of of IN 43297 992 23 what what WP 43297 992 24 Seger Seger NNP 43297 992 25 was be VBD 43297 992 26 endeavouring endeavour VBG 43297 992 27 to to TO 43297 992 28 produce produce VB 43297 992 29 when when WRB 43297 992 30 he -PRON- PRP 43297 992 31 obtained obtain VBD 43297 992 32 the the DT 43297 992 33 crude crude JJ 43297 992 34 clay clay NN 43297 992 35 substance substance NN 43297 992 36 , , , 43297 992 37 indirect indirect JJ 43297 992 38 methods method NNS 43297 992 39 are be VBP 43297 992 40 necessary necessary JJ 43297 992 41 . . . 43297 993 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 993 2 has have VBZ 43297 993 3 long long RB 43297 993 4 been be VBN 43297 993 5 known know VBN 43297 993 6 that that IN 43297 993 7 if if IN 43297 993 8 a a DT 43297 993 9 sample sample NN 43297 993 10 of of IN 43297 993 11 ' ' '' 43297 993 12 clay'--using clay'--using NN 43297 993 13 this this DT 43297 993 14 word word NN 43297 993 15 in in IN 43297 993 16 the the DT 43297 993 17 broadest broad JJS 43297 993 18 sense sense NN 43297 993 19 -- -- : 43297 993 20 is be VBZ 43297 993 21 rubbed rub VBN 43297 993 22 in in IN 43297 993 23 a a DT 43297 993 24 considerable considerable JJ 43297 993 25 quantity quantity NN 43297 993 26 of of IN 43297 993 27 water water NN 43297 993 28 so so IN 43297 993 29 as as IN 43297 993 30 to to TO 43297 993 31 form form VB 43297 993 32 a a DT 43297 993 33 thin thin JJ 43297 993 34 slip slip NN 43297 993 35 or or CC 43297 993 36 slurry slurry VBP 43297 993 37 , , , 43297 993 38 it -PRON- PRP 43297 993 39 may may MD 43297 993 40 readily readily RB 43297 993 41 be be VB 43297 993 42 divided divide VBN 43297 993 43 into into IN 43297 993 44 a a DT 43297 993 45 number number NN 43297 993 46 of of IN 43297 993 47 fractions fraction NNS 43297 993 48 each each DT 43297 993 49 of of IN 43297 993 50 which which WDT 43297 993 51 will will MD 43297 993 52 consist consist VB 43297 993 53 of of IN 43297 993 54 grains grain NNS 43297 993 55 of of IN 43297 993 56 different different JJ 43297 993 57 sizes size NNS 43297 993 58 . . . 43297 994 1 This this DT 43297 994 2 separation separation NN 43297 994 3 may may MD 43297 994 4 be be VB 43297 994 5 effected effect VBN 43297 994 6 by by IN 43297 994 7 means mean NNS 43297 994 8 of of IN 43297 994 9 a a DT 43297 994 10 series series NN 43297 994 11 of of IN 43297 994 12 sieves sieve NNS 43297 994 13 through through IN 43297 994 14 which which WDT 43297 994 15 the the DT 43297 994 16 slurry slurry NN 43297 994 17 is be VBZ 43297 994 18 poured pour VBN 43297 994 19 , , , 43297 994 20 or or CC 43297 994 21 the the DT 43297 994 22 slurry slurry NN 43297 994 23 may may MD 43297 994 24 be be VB 43297 994 25 caused cause VBN 43297 994 26 to to TO 43297 994 27 flow flow VB 43297 994 28 at at IN 43297 994 29 a a DT 43297 994 30 series series NN 43297 994 31 of of IN 43297 994 32 different different JJ 43297 994 33 speeds speed NNS 43297 994 34 , , , 43297 994 35 the the DT 43297 994 36 material material NN 43297 994 37 left leave VBD 43297 994 38 behind behind RB 43297 994 39 at at IN 43297 994 40 each each DT 43297 994 41 rate rate NN 43297 994 42 of of IN 43297 994 43 speed speed NN 43297 994 44 being be VBG 43297 994 45 kept keep VBN 43297 994 46 separate separate JJ 43297 994 47 ; ; : 43297 994 48 or or CC 43297 994 49 , , , 43297 994 50 finally finally RB 43297 994 51 , , , 43297 994 52 the the DT 43297 994 53 slurry slurry NN 43297 994 54 may may MD 43297 994 55 be be VB 43297 994 56 allowed allow VBN 43297 994 57 to to TO 43297 994 58 stand stand VB 43297 994 59 for for IN 43297 994 60 a a DT 43297 994 61 few few JJ 43297 994 62 seconds second NNS 43297 994 63 and and CC 43297 994 64 may may MD 43297 994 65 then then RB 43297 994 66 be be VB 43297 994 67 carefully carefully RB 43297 994 68 decanted decant VBN 43297 994 69 into into IN 43297 994 70 another another DT 43297 994 71 vessel vessel NN 43297 994 72 in in IN 43297 994 73 which which WDT 43297 994 74 it -PRON- PRP 43297 994 75 may may MD 43297 994 76 remain remain VB 43297 994 77 at at IN 43297 994 78 rest rest NN 43297 994 79 for for IN 43297 994 80 a a DT 43297 994 81 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 994 82 longer long JJR 43297 994 83 period period NN 43297 994 84 , , , 43297 994 85 these these DT 43297 994 86 times time NNS 43297 994 87 of of IN 43297 994 88 resting resting NN 43297 994 89 and and CC 43297 994 90 decantation decantation NN 43297 994 91 , , , 43297 994 92 if if IN 43297 994 93 repeated repeat VBN 43297 994 94 , , , 43297 994 95 providing provide VBG 43297 994 96 a a DT 43297 994 97 series series NN 43297 994 98 of of IN 43297 994 99 fractions fraction NNS 43297 994 100 the the DT 43297 994 101 materials material NNS 43297 994 102 in in IN 43297 994 103 which which WDT 43297 994 104 are be VBP 43297 994 105 more more RBR 43297 994 106 or or CC 43297 994 107 less less RBR 43297 994 108 different different JJ 43297 994 109 in in IN 43297 994 110 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 994 111 nature nature NN 43297 994 112 . . . 43297 995 1 ' ' `` 43297 995 2 Clays clay NNS 43297 995 3 ' ' '' 43297 995 4 containing contain VBG 43297 995 5 a a DT 43297 995 6 considerable considerable JJ 43297 995 7 proportion proportion NN 43297 995 8 of of IN 43297 995 9 coarse coarse JJ 43297 995 10 material material NN 43297 995 11 are be VBP 43297 995 12 most most RBS 43297 995 13 conveniently conveniently RB 43297 995 14 separated separate VBN 43297 995 15 into into IN 43297 995 16 a a DT 43297 995 17 series series NN 43297 995 18 of of IN 43297 995 19 fractions fraction NNS 43297 995 20 by by IN 43297 995 21 means mean NNS 43297 995 22 of of IN 43297 995 23 sieves sieve NNS 43297 995 24 , , , 43297 995 25 whereby whereby WRB 43297 995 26 they -PRON- PRP 43297 995 27 are be VBP 43297 995 28 divided divide VBN 43297 995 29 into into IN 43297 995 30 ( ( -LRB- 43297 995 31 i i NN 43297 995 32 ) ) -RRB- 43297 995 33 stones stone NNS 43297 995 34 , , , 43297 995 35 ( ( -LRB- 43297 995 36 ii ii NNP 43297 995 37 ) ) -RRB- 43297 995 38 gravel gravel NN 43297 995 39 , , , 43297 995 40 ( ( -LRB- 43297 995 41 iii iii NN 43297 995 42 ) ) -RRB- 43297 995 43 coarse coarse JJ 43297 995 44 sand sand NN 43297 995 45 , , , 43297 995 46 ( ( -LRB- 43297 995 47 iv iv LS 43297 995 48 ) ) -RRB- 43297 995 49 medium medium JJ 43297 995 50 sand sand NN 43297 995 51 , , , 43297 995 52 ( ( -LRB- 43297 995 53 v v NN 43297 995 54 ) ) -RRB- 43297 995 55 fine fine JJ 43297 995 56 sand sand NN 43297 995 57 and and CC 43297 995 58 ( ( -LRB- 43297 995 59 vi vi NNP 43297 995 60 ) ) -RRB- 43297 995 61 a a DT 43297 995 62 slurry slurry NN 43297 995 63 consisting consist VBG 43297 995 64 of of IN 43297 995 65 such such JJ 43297 995 66 small small JJ 43297 995 67 particles particle NNS 43297 995 68 that that WDT 43297 995 69 they -PRON- PRP 43297 995 70 can can MD 43297 995 71 no no RB 43297 995 72 longer longer RB 43297 995 73 be be VB 43297 995 74 separated separate VBN 43297 995 75 by by IN 43297 995 76 sifting sift VBG 43297 995 77 . . . 43297 996 1 If if IN 43297 996 2 the the DT 43297 996 3 residues residue NNS 43297 996 4 on on IN 43297 996 5 the the DT 43297 996 6 sieves sieve NNS 43297 996 7 are be VBP 43297 996 8 carefully carefully RB 43297 996 9 washed wash VBN 43297 996 10 free free JJ 43297 996 11 from from IN 43297 996 12 any any DT 43297 996 13 adhering adhere VBG 43297 996 14 fine fine JJ 43297 996 15 material material NN 43297 996 16 and and CC 43297 996 17 are be VBP 43297 996 18 then then RB 43297 996 19 dried dry VBN 43297 996 20 , , , 43297 996 21 they -PRON- PRP 43297 996 22 will will MD 43297 996 23 be be VB 43297 996 24 found find VBN 43297 996 25 on on IN 43297 996 26 examination examination NN 43297 996 27 to to TO 43297 996 28 be be VB 43297 996 29 quite quite RB 43297 996 30 distinct distinct JJ 43297 996 31 from from IN 43297 996 32 anything anything NN 43297 996 33 definable definable JJ 43297 996 34 as as IN 43297 996 35 clay clay NN 43297 996 36 . . . 43297 997 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 997 2 may may MD 43297 997 3 consist consist VB 43297 997 4 of of IN 43297 997 5 a a DT 43297 997 6 considerable considerable JJ 43297 997 7 variety variety NN 43297 997 8 of of IN 43297 997 9 minerals mineral NNS 43297 997 10 or or CC 43297 997 11 may may MD 43297 997 12 be be VB 43297 997 13 almost almost RB 43297 997 14 entirely entirely RB 43297 997 15 composed compose VBN 43297 997 16 of of IN 43297 997 17 quartz quartz NN 43297 997 18 , , , 43297 997 19 but but CC 43297 997 20 with with IN 43297 997 21 the the DT 43297 997 22 possible possible JJ 43297 997 23 exception exception NN 43297 997 24 of of IN 43297 997 25 some some DT 43297 997 26 shales shale NNS 43297 997 27 of of IN 43297 997 28 great great JJ 43297 997 29 hardness hardness NN 43297 997 30 , , , 43297 997 31 they -PRON- PRP 43297 997 32 are be VBP 43297 997 33 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 43297 997 34 not not RB 43297 997 35 clay clay NN 43297 997 36 . . . 43297 998 1 This this DT 43297 998 2 simple simple JJ 43297 998 3 process process NN 43297 998 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 998 5 serves serve VBZ 43297 998 6 to to TO 43297 998 7 remove remove VB 43297 998 8 a a DT 43297 998 9 proportion proportion NN 43297 998 10 of of IN 43297 998 11 material material NN 43297 998 12 which which WDT 43297 998 13 in in IN 43297 998 14 the the DT 43297 998 15 case case NN 43297 998 16 of of IN 43297 998 17 some some DT 43297 998 18 ' ' `` 43297 998 19 clays clay NNS 43297 998 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25 pottery pottery NN 43297 999 26 may may MD 43297 999 27 pass pass VB 43297 999 28 completely completely RB 43297 999 29 through through IN 43297 999 30 a a DT 43297 999 31 sieve sieve NN 43297 999 32 having have VBG 43297 999 33 200 200 CD 43297 999 34 meshes mesh NNS 43297 999 35 per per IN 43297 999 36 linear linear JJ 43297 999 37 inch inch NN 43297 999 38 . . . 43297 1000 1 The the DT 43297 1000 2 material material NN 43297 1000 3 which which WDT 43297 1000 4 passes pass VBZ 43297 1000 5 through through IN 43297 1000 6 the the DT 43297 1000 7 finest fine JJS 43297 1000 8 sieve sieve NN 43297 1000 9 employed employ VBN 43297 1000 10 will will MD 43297 1000 11 contain contain VB 43297 1000 12 all all PDT 43297 1000 13 the the DT 43297 1000 14 true true JJ 43297 1000 15 clay clay NN 43297 1000 16 in in IN 43297 1000 17 the the DT 43297 1000 18 material material NN 43297 1000 19 ; ; : 43297 1000 20 that that DT 43297 1000 21 is be VBZ 43297 1000 22 to to TO 43297 1000 23 say say VB 43297 1000 24 , , , 43297 1000 25 the the DT 43297 1000 26 coarser coarser NN 43297 1000 27 portion portion NN 43297 1000 28 will will MD 43297 1000 29 , , , 43297 1000 30 as as IN 43297 1000 31 already already RB 43297 1000 32 mentioned mention VBN 43297 1000 33 , , , 43297 1000 34 be be VB 43297 1000 35 devoid devoid JJ 43297 1000 36 of of IN 43297 1000 37 the the DT 43297 1000 38 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1000 39 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1000 40 of of IN 43297 1000 41 clay clay NN 43297 1000 42 . . . 43297 1001 1 At at IN 43297 1001 2 the the DT 43297 1001 3 same same JJ 43297 1001 4 time time NN 43297 1001 5 , , , 43297 1001 6 this this DT 43297 1001 7 very very RB 43297 1001 8 fine fine JJ 43297 1001 9 material material NN 43297 1001 10 will will MD 43297 1001 11 seldom seldom RB 43297 1001 12 consist consist VB 43297 1001 13 exclusively exclusively RB 43297 1001 14 of of IN 43297 1001 15 clay clay NN 43297 1001 16 , , , 43297 1001 17 but but CC 43297 1001 18 will 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particles particle NNS 43297 1001 54 . . . 43297 1002 1 Only only RB 43297 1002 2 in in IN 43297 1002 3 the the DT 43297 1002 4 case case NN 43297 1002 5 of of IN 43297 1002 6 the the DT 43297 1002 7 purest pure JJS 43297 1002 8 clays clay NNS 43297 1002 9 will will MD 43297 1002 10 the the DT 43297 1002 11 material material NN 43297 1002 12 now now RB 43297 1002 13 under under IN 43297 1002 14 consideration consideration NN 43297 1002 15 consist consist VB 43297 1002 16 entirely entirely RB 43297 1002 17 of of IN 43297 1002 18 clay clay NN 43297 1002 19 , , , 43297 1002 20 so so IN 43297 1002 21 that that IN 43297 1002 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1002 23 must must MD 43297 1002 24 be be VB 43297 1002 25 again again RB 43297 1002 26 separated separate VBN 43297 1002 27 into into IN 43297 1002 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1002 29 constituents constituent NNS 43297 1002 30 . . . 43297 1003 1 This this DT 43297 1003 2 is be VBZ 43297 1003 3 best well RBS 43297 1003 4 accomplished accomplish VBN 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H. NNP 43297 1004 2 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1004 3 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1004 4 7 7 CD 43297 1004 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1004 6 investigated investigate VBD 43297 1004 7 this this DT 43297 1004 8 method method NN 43297 1004 9 very very RB 43297 1004 10 thoroughly thoroughly RB 43297 1004 11 and and CC 43297 1004 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1004 13 recommendations recommendation NNS 43297 1004 14 as as IN 43297 1004 15 to to IN 43297 1004 16 the the DT 43297 1004 17 manner manner NN 43297 1004 18 in in IN 43297 1004 19 which which WDT 43297 1004 20 this this DT 43297 1004 21 separation separation NN 43297 1004 22 by by IN 43297 1004 23 elutriation elutriation NN 43297 1004 24 should should MD 43297 1004 25 be be VB 43297 1004 26 carried carry VBN 43297 1004 27 out out RP 43297 1004 28 remain remain VB 43297 1004 29 in in IN 43297 1004 30 use use NN 43297 1004 31 at at IN 43297 1004 32 the the DT 43297 1004 33 present present JJ 43297 1004 34 time time NN 43297 1004 35 . . . 43297 1005 1 Briefly briefly RB 43297 1005 2 , , , 43297 1005 3 all all DT 43297 1005 4 material material NN 43297 1005 5 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 1005 6 fine fine JJ 43297 1005 7 to to TO 43297 1005 8 be be VB 43297 1005 9 carried carry VBN 43297 1005 10 away away RP 43297 1005 11 by by IN 43297 1005 12 a a DT 43297 1005 13 stream stream NN 43297 1005 14 of of IN 43297 1005 15 water water NN 43297 1005 16 flowing flow VBG 43297 1005 17 at at IN 43297 1005 18 the the DT 43297 1005 19 rate rate NN 43297 1005 20 of of IN 43297 1005 21 0·43 0·43 NNP 43297 1005 22 in in IN 43297 1005 23 . . . 43297 1006 1 per per IN 43297 1006 2 minute minute NN 43297 1006 3 was be VBD 43297 1006 4 found find VBN 43297 1006 5 by by IN 43297 1006 6 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1006 7 to to TO 43297 1006 8 include include VB 43297 1006 9 the the DT 43297 1006 10 whole whole NN 43297 1006 11 of of IN 43297 1006 12 the the DT 43297 1006 13 clay clay NN 43297 1006 14 in in IN 43297 1006 15 the the DT 43297 1006 16 samples sample NNS 43297 1006 17 he -PRON- PRP 43297 1006 18 examined examine VBD 43297 1006 19 , , , 43297 1006 20 but but CC 43297 1006 21 , , , 43297 1006 22 as as IN 43297 1006 23 was be VBD 43297 1006 24 later later RB 43297 1006 25 pointed point VBN 43297 1006 26 out out RP 43297 1006 27 by by IN 43297 1006 28 Bischof Bischof NNP 43297 1006 29 , , , 43297 1006 30 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1006 31 is be VBZ 43297 1006 32 not not RB 43297 1006 33 correct correct JJ 43297 1006 34 to to TO 43297 1006 35 term term VB 43297 1006 36 the the DT 43297 1006 37 whole whole NN 43297 1006 38 of of IN 43297 1006 39 this this DT 43297 1006 40 material material NN 43297 1006 41 ' ' POS 43297 1006 42 clay clay NN 43297 1006 43 substance substance NN 43297 1006 44 , , , 43297 1006 45 ' ' '' 43297 1006 46 as as IN 43297 1006 47 when when WRB 43297 1006 48 examined examine VBN 43297 1006 49 under under IN 43297 1006 50 the the DT 43297 1006 51 microscope microscope NN 43297 1006 52 , , , 43297 1006 53 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1006 54 contains contain VBZ 43297 1006 55 material material NN 43297 1006 56 which which WDT 43297 1006 57 is be VBZ 43297 1006 58 clearly clearly RB 43297 1006 59 not not RB 43297 1006 60 clay clay JJ 43297 1006 61 . . . 43297 1007 1 Processes process NNS 43297 1007 2 of of IN 43297 1007 3 decantation decantation NN 43297 1007 4 of of IN 43297 1007 5 the the DT 43297 1007 6 finest fine JJS 43297 1007 7 material material NN 43297 1007 8 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1007 9 after after IN 43297 1007 10 elutriation elutriation NN 43297 1007 11 still still RB 43297 1007 12 fail fail VBP 43297 1007 13 to to TO 43297 1007 14 separate separate VB 43297 1007 15 all all PDT 43297 1007 16 the the DT 43297 1007 17 non non JJ 43297 1007 18 - - JJ 43297 1007 19 clay clay JJ 43297 1007 20 material material NN 43297 1007 21 , , , 43297 1007 22 and and CC 43297 1007 23 Vogt Vogt NNP 43297 1007 24 has have VBZ 43297 1007 25 found find VBN 43297 1007 26 that that IN 43297 1007 27 when when WRB 43297 1007 28 the the DT 43297 1007 29 material material NN 43297 1007 30 has have VBZ 43297 1007 31 been be VBN 43297 1007 32 allowed allow VBN 43297 1007 33 to to TO 43297 1007 34 stand stand VB 43297 1007 35 in in IN 43297 1007 36 suspension suspension NN 43297 1007 37 for for IN 43297 1007 38 nine nine CD 43297 1007 39 days day NNS 43297 1007 40 some some DT 43297 1007 41 particles particle NNS 43297 1007 42 of of IN 43297 1007 43 mica mica NNP 43297 1007 44 are be VBP 43297 1007 45 still still RB 43297 1007 46 associated associate VBN 43297 1007 47 with with IN 43297 1007 48 the the DT 43297 1007 49 clay clay NN 43297 1007 50 . . . 43297 1008 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 1008 2 would would MD 43297 1008 3 thus thus RB 43297 1008 4 appear appear VB 43297 1008 5 that that IN 43297 1008 6 no no DT 43297 1008 7 process process NN 43297 1008 8 of of IN 43297 1008 9 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 1008 10 separation separation NN 43297 1008 11 will will MD 43297 1008 12 serve serve VB 43297 1008 13 for for IN 43297 1008 14 a a DT 43297 1008 15 complete complete JJ 43297 1008 16 purification purification NN 43297 1008 17 of of IN 43297 1008 18 a a DT 43297 1008 19 clay clay NN 43297 1008 20 ; ; : 43297 1008 21 indeed indeed RB 43297 1008 22 , , , 43297 1008 23 there there EX 43297 1008 24 are be VBP 43297 1008 25 good good JJ 43297 1008 26 reasons reason NNS 43297 1008 27 for for IN 43297 1008 28 supposing suppose VBG 43297 1008 29 that that IN 43297 1008 30 extremely extremely RB 43297 1008 31 fine fine JJ 43297 1008 32 particles particle NNS 43297 1008 33 of of IN 43297 1008 34 quartz quartz NNP 43297 1008 35 and and CC 43297 1008 36 mica mica NNP 43297 1008 37 render render NNP 43297 1008 38 physical physical JJ 43297 1008 39 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1008 40 an an DT 43297 1008 41 uncertain uncertain JJ 43297 1008 42 means means NN 43297 1008 43 of of IN 43297 1008 44 accurately accurately RB 43297 1008 45 distinguishing distinguish VBG 43297 1008 46 clays clay NNS 43297 1008 47 from from IN 43297 1008 48 other other JJ 43297 1008 49 rock rock NN 43297 1008 50 dust dust NN 43297 1008 51 . . . 43297 1009 1 When when WRB 43297 1009 2 chemical chemical NN 43297 1009 3 methods method NNS 43297 1009 4 of of IN 43297 1009 5 investigation investigation NN 43297 1009 6 are be VBP 43297 1009 7 employed employ VBN 43297 1009 8 the the DT 43297 1009 9 problem problem NN 43297 1009 10 is be VBZ 43297 1009 11 not not RB 43297 1009 12 materially materially RB 43297 1009 13 altered alter VBN 43297 1009 14 , , , 43297 1009 15 nor nor CC 43297 1009 16 is be VBZ 43297 1009 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1009 18 solution solution NN 43297 1009 19 fully fully RB 43297 1009 20 attained attain VBN 43297 1009 21 . . . 43297 1010 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 1010 2 is be VBZ 43297 1010 3 , , , 43297 1010 4 of of IN 43297 1010 5 course course NN 43297 1010 6 , , , 43297 1010 7 obvious obvious JJ 43297 1010 8 that that IN 43297 1010 9 any any DT 43297 1010 10 chemical chemical NN 43297 1010 11 method method NN 43297 1010 12 should should MD 43297 1010 13 be be VB 43297 1010 14 applied apply VBN 43297 1010 15 to to IN 43297 1010 16 the the DT 43297 1010 17 product product NN 43297 1010 18 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1010 19 by by IN 43297 1010 20 treating treat VBG 43297 1010 21 the the DT 43297 1010 22 raw raw JJ 43297 1010 23 material material NN 43297 1010 24 mechanically mechanically RB 43297 1010 25 as as IN 43297 1010 26 above above RB 43297 1010 27 described describe VBN 43297 1010 28 , , , 43297 1010 29 for for IN 43297 1010 30 to to TO 43297 1010 31 do do VB 43297 1010 32 otherwise otherwise RB 43297 1010 33 is be VBZ 43297 1010 34 to to TO 43297 1010 35 create create VB 43297 1010 36 needless needless JJ 43297 1010 37 confusion confusion NN 43297 1010 38 . . . 43297 1011 1 Yet yet CC 43297 1011 2 by by IN 43297 1011 3 far far RB 43297 1011 4 the the DT 43297 1011 5 greater great JJR 43297 1011 6 number number NN 43297 1011 7 of of IN 43297 1011 8 published publish VBN 43297 1011 9 analyses analysis NNS 43297 1011 10 of of IN 43297 1011 11 ' ' `` 43297 1011 12 clays clay NNS 43297 1011 13 ' ' '' 43297 1011 14 report report VB 43297 1011 15 the the DT 43297 1011 16 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 1011 17 composition composition NN 43297 1011 18 of of IN 43297 1011 19 the the DT 43297 1011 20 whole whole JJ 43297 1011 21 material material NN 43297 1011 22 , , , 43297 1011 23 no no DT 43297 1011 24 attempt attempt NN 43297 1011 25 being be VBG 43297 1011 26 made make VBN 43297 1011 27 to to TO 43297 1011 28 show show VB 43297 1011 29 how how WRB 43297 1011 30 much much JJ 43297 1011 31 of of IN 43297 1011 32 the the DT 43297 1011 33 various various JJ 43297 1011 34 constituents constituent NNS 43297 1011 35 is be VBZ 43297 1011 36 in in IN 43297 1011 37 the the DT 43297 1011 38 form form NN 43297 1011 39 of of IN 43297 1011 40 sand sand NN 43297 1011 41 , , , 43297 1011 42 stones stone NNS 43297 1011 43 or or CC 43297 1011 44 other other JJ 43297 1011 45 coarse coarse JJ 43297 1011 46 particles particle NNS 43297 1011 47 of of IN 43297 1011 48 an an DT 43297 1011 49 entirely entirely RB 43297 1011 50 non non JJ 43297 1011 51 - - JJ 43297 1011 52 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 1011 53 character character NN 43297 1011 54 . . . 43297 1012 1 If if IN 43297 1012 2 the the DT 43297 1012 3 particles particle NNS 43297 1012 4 of of IN 43297 1012 5 a a DT 43297 1012 6 ' ' `` 43297 1012 7 clay clay NN 43297 1012 8 ' ' '' 43297 1012 9 which which WDT 43297 1012 10 are be VBP 43297 1012 11 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 1012 12 small small JJ 43297 1012 13 to to TO 43297 1012 14 be be VB 43297 1012 15 carried carry VBN 43297 1012 16 away away RP 43297 1012 17 by by IN 43297 1012 18 a a DT 43297 1012 19 stream stream NN 43297 1012 20 of of IN 43297 1012 21 water water NN 43297 1012 22 with with IN 43297 1012 23 a a DT 43297 1012 24 velocity velocity NN 43297 1012 25 of of IN 43297 1012 26 only only JJ 43297 1012 27 0·43 0·43 NNP 43297 1012 28 in in IN 43297 1012 29 . . . 43297 1013 1 per per IN 43297 1013 2 minute minute NN 43297 1013 3 are be VBP 43297 1013 4 analysed analyse VBN 43297 1013 5 , , , 43297 1013 6 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1013 7 will will MD 43297 1013 8 be be VB 43297 1013 9 found find VBN 43297 1013 10 that that IN 43297 1013 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1013 12 composition composition NN 43297 1013 13 will will MD 43297 1013 14 vary vary VB 43297 1013 15 according accord VBG 43297 1013 16 to to IN 43297 1013 17 the the DT 43297 1013 18 origin origin NN 43297 1013 19 of of IN 43297 1013 20 the the DT 43297 1013 21 clay clay NN 43297 1013 22 and and CC 43297 1013 23 the the DT 43297 1013 24 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 1013 25 treatment treatment NN 43297 1013 26 to to TO 43297 1013 27 which which WDT 43297 1013 28 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1013 29 has have VBZ 43297 1013 30 been be VBN 43297 1013 31 subjected subject VBN 43297 1013 32 during during IN 43297 1013 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1013 34 transport transport NN 43297 1013 35 and and CC 43297 1013 36 deposition deposition NN 43297 1013 37 . . . 43297 1014 1 If if IN 43297 1014 2 the the DT 43297 1014 3 clay clay NN 43297 1014 4 is be VBZ 43297 1014 5 fairly fairly RB 43297 1014 6 free free JJ 43297 1014 7 from from IN 43297 1014 8 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 1014 9 material material NN 43297 1014 10 and and CC 43297 1014 11 is be VBZ 43297 1014 12 of of IN 43297 1014 13 a a DT 43297 1014 14 white white JJ 43297 1014 15 - - HYPH 43297 1014 16 burning burn VBG 43297 1014 17 nature nature NN 43297 1014 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1014 19 may may MD 43297 1014 20 be be VB 43297 1014 21 found find VBN 43297 1014 22 to to TO 43297 1014 23 have have VB 43297 1014 24 a a DT 43297 1014 25 composition composition NN 43297 1014 26 like like IN 43297 1014 27 china china NNP 43297 1014 28 clays clay NNS 43297 1014 29 . . . 43297 1015 1 Red red JJ 43297 1015 2 - - HYPH 43297 1015 3 burning burn VBG 43297 1015 4 clays clay NNS 43297 1015 5 , , , 43297 1015 6 on on IN 43297 1015 7 the the DT 43297 1015 8 contrary contrary NN 43297 1015 9 , , , 43297 1015 10 will will MD 43297 1015 11 vary vary VB 43297 1015 12 greatly greatly RB 43297 1015 13 in in IN 43297 1015 14 composition composition NN 43297 1015 15 , , , 43297 1015 16 so so IN 43297 1015 17 that that IN 43297 1015 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1015 19 becomes become VBZ 43297 1015 20 difficult difficult JJ 43297 1015 21 to to TO 43297 1015 22 find find VB 43297 1015 23 any any DT 43297 1015 24 close close JJ 43297 1015 25 analogy analogy NN 43297 1015 26 between between IN 43297 1015 27 these these DT 43297 1015 28 kinds kind NNS 43297 1015 29 of of IN 43297 1015 30 clay clay NN 43297 1015 31 . . . 43297 1016 1 This this DT 43297 1016 2 difference difference NN 43297 1016 3 is be VBZ 43297 1016 4 partly partly RB 43297 1016 5 due due JJ 43297 1016 6 to to IN 43297 1016 7 the the DT 43297 1016 8 extremely extremely RB 43297 1016 9 fine fine JJ 43297 1016 10 state state NN 43297 1016 11 of of IN 43297 1016 12 division division NN 43297 1016 13 in in IN 43297 1016 14 which which WDT 43297 1016 15 ferric ferric JJ 43297 1016 16 oxide oxide NN 43297 1016 17 occurs occur VBZ 43297 1016 18 in in IN 43297 1016 19 clays clay NNS 43297 1016 20 , , , 43297 1016 21 the the DT 43297 1016 22 particles particle NNS 43297 1016 23 of of IN 43297 1016 24 this this DT 43297 1016 25 material material NN 43297 1016 26 corresponding correspond VBG 43297 1016 27 in in IN 43297 1016 28 minuteness minuteness NN 43297 1016 29 to to IN 43297 1016 30 those those DT 43297 1016 31 of of IN 43297 1016 32 the the DT 43297 1016 33 purest pure JJS 43297 1016 34 clays clay NNS 43297 1016 35 and and CC 43297 1016 36 so so RB 43297 1016 37 being be VBG 43297 1016 38 inseparable inseparable JJ 43297 1016 39 by by IN 43297 1016 40 any any DT 43297 1016 41 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 1016 42 process process NN 43297 1016 43 . . . 43297 1017 1 In in IN 43297 1017 2 1876 1876 CD 43297 1017 3 H. H. NNP 43297 1017 4 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1017 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1017 6 7 7 CD 43297 1017 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1017 8 published publish VBD 43297 1017 9 what what WP 43297 1017 10 he -PRON- PRP 43297 1017 11 termed term VBD 43297 1017 12 a a DT 43297 1017 13 method method NN 43297 1017 14 of of IN 43297 1017 15 ' ' `` 43297 1017 16 rational rational JJ 43297 1017 17 analysis analysis NN 43297 1017 18 , , , 43297 1017 19 ' ' '' 43297 1017 20 which which WDT 43297 1017 21 consisted consist VBD 43297 1017 22 in in IN 43297 1017 23 treating treat VBG 43297 1017 24 the the DT 43297 1017 25 clay clay NN 43297 1017 26 with with IN 43297 1017 27 boiling boil VBG 43297 1017 28 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 1017 29 acid acid NN 43297 1017 30 followed follow VBN 43297 1017 31 by by IN 43297 1017 32 a a DT 43297 1017 33 treatment treatment NN 43297 1017 34 with with IN 43297 1017 35 caustic caustic JJ 43297 1017 36 soda soda NN 43297 1017 37 . . . 43297 1018 1 He -PRON- PRP 43297 1018 2 found find VBD 43297 1018 3 that that IN 43297 1018 4 the the DT 43297 1018 5 purer purer NN 43297 1018 6 china china NNP 43297 1018 7 clays clays NNP 43297 1018 8 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1018 9 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1018 10 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1018 11 and and CC 43297 1018 12 ball ball NN 43297 1018 13 clays clay NNS 43297 1018 14 were be VBD 43297 1018 15 made make VBN 43297 1018 16 soluble soluble JJ 43297 1018 17 by by IN 43297 1018 18 this this DT 43297 1018 19 means means NN 43297 1018 20 and and CC 43297 1018 21 that that IN 43297 1018 22 felspar felspar VBZ 43297 1018 23 , , , 43297 1018 24 mica mica NNP 43297 1018 25 and and CC 43297 1018 26 quartz quartz NNP 43297 1018 27 were be VBD 43297 1018 28 to to IN 43297 1018 29 a a DT 43297 1018 30 large large JJ 43297 1018 31 extent extent NN 43297 1018 32 unaffected unaffected JJ 43297 1018 33 . . . 43297 1019 1 Later later JJ 43297 1019 2 investigators investigator NNS 43297 1019 3 have have VBP 43297 1019 4 found find VBN 43297 1019 5 that that IN 43297 1019 6 this this DT 43297 1019 7 method method NN 43297 1019 8 is be VBZ 43297 1019 9 only only RB 43297 1019 10 applicable applicable JJ 43297 1019 11 to to IN 43297 1019 12 a a DT 43297 1019 13 limited limited JJ 43297 1019 14 extent extent NN 43297 1019 15 and and CC 43297 1019 16 that that IN 43297 1019 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1019 18 indications indication NNS 43297 1019 19 are be VBP 43297 1019 20 only only RB 43297 1019 21 reliable reliable JJ 43297 1019 22 when when WRB 43297 1019 23 applied apply VBN 43297 1019 24 to to IN 43297 1019 25 the the DT 43297 1019 26 clays clay NNS 43297 1019 27 just just RB 43297 1019 28 named name VBN 43297 1019 29 , , , 43297 1019 30 but but CC 43297 1019 31 the the DT 43297 1019 32 principle principle NN 43297 1019 33 introduced introduce VBN 43297 1019 34 by by IN 43297 1019 35 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1019 36 has have VBZ 43297 1019 37 proved prove VBN 43297 1019 38 invaluable invaluable JJ 43297 1019 39 in in IN 43297 1019 40 increasing increase VBG 43297 1019 41 our -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1019 42 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 1019 43 of of IN 43297 1019 44 the the DT 43297 1019 45 composition composition NN 43297 1019 46 of of IN 43297 1019 47 clays clay NNS 43297 1019 48 . . . 43297 1020 1 By by IN 43297 1020 2 means mean NNS 43297 1020 3 of of IN 43297 1020 4 this this DT 43297 1020 5 so so RB 43297 1020 6 - - HYPH 43297 1020 7 called call VBN 43297 1020 8 rational rational JJ 43297 1020 9 analysis analysis NN 43297 1020 10 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1020 11 found find VBD 43297 1020 12 that that IN 43297 1020 13 the the DT 43297 1020 14 purer purer NN 43297 1020 15 clays clay NNS 43297 1020 16 yielded yield VBD 43297 1020 17 results result NNS 43297 1020 18 of of IN 43297 1020 19 remarkable remarkable JJ 43297 1020 20 similarity similarity NN 43297 1020 21 and and CC 43297 1020 22 uniformity uniformity NN 43297 1020 23 , , , 43297 1020 24 the the DT 43297 1020 25 material material NN 43297 1020 26 entering enter VBG 43297 1020 27 into into IN 43297 1020 28 solution solution NN 43297 1020 29 having have VBG 43297 1020 30 a a DT 43297 1020 31 composition composition NN 43297 1020 32 agreeing agree VBG 43297 1020 33 very very RB 43297 1020 34 closely closely RB 43297 1020 35 with with IN 43297 1020 36 the the DT 43297 1020 37 formula formula NN 43297 1020 38 Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O al2o3·2sio2·2h2o NN 43297 1020 39 which which WDT 43297 1020 40 is be VBZ 43297 1020 41 generally generally RB 43297 1020 42 recognized recognize VBN 43297 1020 43 as as IN 43297 1020 44 that that DT 43297 1020 45 of of IN 43297 1020 46 the the DT 43297 1020 47 chief chief JJ 43297 1020 48 constituent constituent NN 43297 1020 49 or or CC 43297 1020 50 constituents constituent NNS 43297 1020 51 of of IN 43297 1020 52 china china NNP 43297 1020 53 clay clay NNP 43297 1020 54 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1020 55 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 1020 56 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1020 57 and and CC 43297 1020 58 the the DT 43297 1020 59 purer purer NN 43297 1020 60 ball ball NN 43297 1020 61 clays clay NNS 43297 1020 62 . . . 43297 1021 1 This this DT 43297 1021 2 crude crude JJ 43297 1021 3 substance substance NN 43297 1021 4 , , , 43297 1021 5 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 1021 6 from from IN 43297 1021 7 a a DT 43297 1021 8 large large JJ 43297 1021 9 number number NN 43297 1021 10 of of IN 43297 1021 11 clays clay NNS 43297 1021 12 by by IN 43297 1021 13 the the DT 43297 1021 14 treatment treatment NN 43297 1021 15 just just RB 43297 1021 16 described describe VBN 43297 1021 17 , , , 43297 1021 18 was be VBD 43297 1021 19 named name VBN 43297 1021 20 _ _ NNP 43297 1021 21 clay clay NN 43297 1021 22 substance substance NN 43297 1021 23 _ _ NNP 43297 1021 24 by by IN 43297 1021 25 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1021 26 , , , 43297 1021 27 who who WP 43297 1021 28 regarded regard VBD 43297 1021 29 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1021 30 as as IN 43297 1021 31 the the DT 43297 1021 32 essential essential JJ 43297 1021 33 constituent constituent NN 43297 1021 34 of of IN 43297 1021 35 all all DT 43297 1021 36 clays clay NNS 43297 1021 37 . . . 43297 1022 1 Red red JJ 43297 1022 2 - - HYPH 43297 1022 3 burning burn VBG 43297 1022 4 clays clay NNS 43297 1022 5 when when WRB 43297 1022 6 similarly similarly RB 43297 1022 7 treated treat VBN 43297 1022 8 do do VBP 43297 1022 9 not not RB 43297 1022 10 yield yield VB 43297 1022 11 so so RB 43297 1022 12 uniform uniform JJ 43297 1022 13 a a DT 43297 1022 14 product product NN 43297 1022 15 , , , 43297 1022 16 and and CC 43297 1022 17 the the DT 43297 1022 18 ferric ferric JJ 43297 1022 19 oxide oxide NN 43297 1022 20 entering enter VBG 43297 1022 21 into into IN 43297 1022 22 solution solution NN 43297 1022 23 makes make VBZ 43297 1022 24 the the DT 43297 1022 25 results result NNS 43297 1022 26 very very RB 43297 1022 27 discordant discordant JJ 43297 1022 28 . . . 43297 1023 1 Moreover moreover RB 43297 1023 2 , , , 43297 1023 3 even even RB 43297 1023 4 with with IN 43297 1023 5 the the DT 43297 1023 6 china china NNP 43297 1023 7 clays clay NNS 43297 1023 8 or or CC 43297 1023 9 kaolins kaolin VBZ 43297 1023 10 a a DT 43297 1023 11 small small JJ 43297 1023 12 proportion proportion NN 43297 1023 13 of of IN 43297 1023 14 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1023 15 , , , 43297 1023 16 lime lime NN 43297 1023 17 and and CC 43297 1023 18 other other JJ 43297 1023 19 oxides oxide NNS 43297 1023 20 enter enter VBP 43297 1023 21 into into IN 43297 1023 22 solution solution NN 43297 1023 23 and and CC 43297 1023 24 a a DT 43297 1023 25 number number NN 43297 1023 26 of of IN 43297 1023 27 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1023 28 analogous analogous JJ 43297 1023 29 to to TO 43297 1023 30 clay clay VB 43297 1023 31 , , , 43297 1023 32 but but CC 43297 1023 33 quite quite RB 43297 1023 34 distinct distinct JJ 43297 1023 35 from from IN 43297 1023 36 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1023 37 , , , 43297 1023 38 are be VBP 43297 1023 39 also also RB 43297 1023 40 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 1023 41 and and CC 43297 1023 42 dissolved dissolve VBN 43297 1023 43 . . . 43297 1024 1 For for IN 43297 1024 2 these these DT 43297 1024 3 reasons reason NNS 43297 1024 4 the the DT 43297 1024 5 ' ' `` 43297 1024 6 rational rational JJ 43297 1024 7 analysis analysis NN 43297 1024 8 ' ' '' 43297 1024 9 has have VBZ 43297 1024 10 been be VBN 43297 1024 11 found find VBN 43297 1024 12 insufficient insufficient JJ 43297 1024 13 ; ; : 43297 1024 14 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1024 15 is be VBZ 43297 1024 16 now now RB 43297 1024 17 considered consider VBN 43297 1024 18 necessary necessary JJ 43297 1024 19 to to TO 43297 1024 20 make make VB 43297 1024 21 an an DT 43297 1024 22 analysis analysis NN 43297 1024 23 of of IN 43297 1024 24 the the DT 43297 1024 25 portion portion NN 43297 1024 26 rendered render VBN 43297 1024 27 soluble soluble JJ 43297 1024 28 by by IN 43297 1024 29 treatment treatment NN 43297 1024 30 with with IN 43297 1024 31 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 1024 32 acid acid NN 43297 1024 33 in in IN 43297 1024 34 order order NN 43297 1024 35 to to TO 43297 1024 36 ascertain ascertain VB 43297 1024 37 what what WDT 43297 1024 38 other other JJ 43297 1024 39 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 1024 40 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1024 41 may may MD 43297 1024 42 contain contain VB 43297 1024 43 in in IN 43297 1024 44 addition addition NN 43297 1024 45 to to IN 43297 1024 46 the the DT 43297 1024 47 true true JJ 43297 1024 48 clay clay NN 43297 1024 49 present present NN 43297 1024 50 . . . 43297 1025 1 As as IN 43297 1025 2 the the DT 43297 1025 3 china china NNP 43297 1025 4 clays clay NNS 43297 1025 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1025 6 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1025 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1025 8 and and CC 43297 1025 9 ball ball NN 43297 1025 10 clays clay NNS 43297 1025 11 on on IN 43297 1025 12 very very RB 43297 1025 13 careful careful JJ 43297 1025 14 elutriation elutriation NN 43297 1025 15 all all DT 43297 1025 16 yield yield VBP 43297 1025 17 a a DT 43297 1025 18 product product NN 43297 1025 19 of of IN 43297 1025 20 the the DT 43297 1025 21 same same JJ 43297 1025 22 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 1025 23 composition composition NN 43297 1025 24 , , , 43297 1025 25 viz viz NN 43297 1025 26 . . . 43297 1026 1 39 39 CD 43297 1026 2 per per NN 43297 1026 3 cent cent NN 43297 1026 4 . . . 43297 1027 1 of of IN 43297 1027 2 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1027 3 , , , 43297 1027 4 46 46 CD 43297 1027 5 per per NN 43297 1027 6 cent cent NN 43297 1027 7 . . . 43297 1028 1 of of IN 43297 1028 2 silica silica NNP 43297 1028 3 , , , 43297 1028 4 13 13 CD 43297 1028 5 per per NN 43297 1028 6 cent cent NN 43297 1028 7 . . . 43297 1029 1 of of IN 43297 1029 2 water water NN 43297 1029 3 , , , 43297 1029 4 and and CC 43297 1029 5 2 2 CD 43297 1029 6 per per NN 43297 1029 7 cent cent NN 43297 1029 8 . . . 43297 1030 1 of of IN 43297 1030 2 other other JJ 43297 1030 3 oxides oxide NNS 43297 1030 4 , , , 43297 1030 5 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1030 6 are be VBP 43297 1030 7 generally generally RB 43297 1030 8 regarded regard VBN 43297 1030 9 as as IN 43297 1030 10 consisting consist VBG 43297 1030 11 of of IN 43297 1030 12 practically practically RB 43297 1030 13 pure pure JJ 43297 1030 14 clay clay NN 43297 1030 15 with with IN 43297 1030 16 a a DT 43297 1030 17 variable variable JJ 43297 1030 18 amount amount NN 43297 1030 19 of of IN 43297 1030 20 impurities impurity NNS 43297 1030 21 . . . 43297 1031 1 Many many JJ 43297 1031 2 years year NNS 43297 1031 3 ago ago RB 43297 1031 4 Fresenius Fresenius NNP 43297 1031 5 suggested suggest VBD 43297 1031 6 that that IN 43297 1031 7 these these DT 43297 1031 8 non non JJ 43297 1031 9 - - JJ 43297 1031 10 clayey clayey JJ 43297 1031 11 constituents constituent NNS 43297 1031 12 of of IN 43297 1031 13 clays clay NNS 43297 1031 14 should should MD 43297 1031 15 be be VB 43297 1031 16 calculated calculate VBN 43297 1031 17 into into IN 43297 1031 18 the the DT 43297 1031 19 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1031 20 to to TO 43297 1031 21 which which WDT 43297 1031 22 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1031 23 appeared appear VBD 43297 1031 24 likely likely JJ 43297 1031 25 to to TO 43297 1031 26 correspond correspond VB 43297 1031 27 so so IN 43297 1031 28 as as IN 43297 1031 29 to to TO 43297 1031 30 obtain obtain VB 43297 1031 31 a a DT 43297 1031 32 result result NN 43297 1031 33 similar similar JJ 43297 1031 34 to to IN 43297 1031 35 that that DT 43297 1031 36 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1031 37 by by IN 43297 1031 38 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1031 39 without without IN 43297 1031 40 the the DT 43297 1031 41 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 43297 1031 42 of of IN 43297 1031 43 the the DT 43297 1031 44 treatment treatment NN 43297 1031 45 with with IN 43297 1031 46 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 1031 47 acid acid NN 43297 1031 48 and and CC 43297 1031 49 as as IN 43297 1031 50 supplementary supplementary JJ 43297 1031 51 to to IN 43297 1031 52 such such JJ 43297 1031 53 treatment treatment NN 43297 1031 54 in in IN 43297 1031 55 the the DT 43297 1031 56 case case NN 43297 1031 57 of of IN 43297 1031 58 red red JJ 43297 1031 59 - - HYPH 43297 1031 60 burning burning NN 43297 1031 61 and and CC 43297 1031 62 some some DT 43297 1031 63 other other JJ 43297 1031 64 clays clay NNS 43297 1031 65 . . . 43297 1032 1 More more RBR 43297 1032 2 recent recent JJ 43297 1032 3 investigators investigator NNS 43297 1032 4 have have VBP 43297 1032 5 found find VBN 43297 1032 6 that that IN 43297 1032 7 if if IN 43297 1032 8 a a DT 43297 1032 9 careful careful JJ 43297 1032 10 microscopic microscopic JJ 43297 1032 11 examination examination NN 43297 1032 12 of of IN 43297 1032 13 the the DT 43297 1032 14 clay clay NN 43297 1032 15 is be VBZ 43297 1032 16 made make VBN 43297 1032 17 the the DT 43297 1032 18 results result NNS 43297 1032 19 of of IN 43297 1032 20 estimating estimate VBG 43297 1032 21 the the DT 43297 1032 22 composition composition NN 43297 1032 23 from from IN 43297 1032 24 the the DT 43297 1032 25 proportion proportion NN 43297 1032 26 of of IN 43297 1032 27 the the DT 43297 1032 28 different different JJ 43297 1032 29 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1032 30 recognizable recognizable JJ 43297 1032 31 under under IN 43297 1032 32 the the DT 43297 1032 33 microscope microscope NN 43297 1032 34 and and CC 43297 1032 35 by by IN 43297 1032 36 calculation calculation NN 43297 1032 37 from from IN 43297 1032 38 the the DT 43297 1032 39 analysis analysis NN 43297 1032 40 of of IN 43297 1032 41 the the DT 43297 1032 42 material material NN 43297 1032 43 agree agree VBP 43297 1032 44 very very RB 43297 1032 45 closely closely RB 43297 1032 46 and and CC 43297 1032 47 are be VBP 43297 1032 48 , , , 43297 1032 49 as as IN 43297 1032 50 Bischof Bischof NNP 43297 1032 51 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1032 52 28 28 CD 43297 1032 53 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1032 54 and and CC 43297 1032 55 , , , 43297 1032 56 more more RBR 43297 1032 57 recently recently RB 43297 1032 58 , , , 43297 1032 59 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1032 60 have have VBP 43297 1032 61 pointed point VBN 43297 1032 62 out out RP 43297 1032 63 , , , 43297 1032 64 more more RBR 43297 1032 65 reliable reliable JJ 43297 1032 66 than than IN 43297 1032 67 the the DT 43297 1032 68 ' ' `` 43297 1032 69 rational rational JJ 43297 1032 70 analysis analysis NN 43297 1032 71 ' ' '' 43297 1032 72 in in IN 43297 1032 73 the the DT 43297 1032 74 case case NN 43297 1032 75 of of IN 43297 1032 76 impure impure NN 43297 1032 77 clays clay NNS 43297 1032 78 . . . 43297 1033 1 If if IN 43297 1033 2 care care NN 43297 1033 3 is be VBZ 43297 1033 4 taken take VBN 43297 1033 5 to to TO 43297 1033 6 make make VB 43297 1033 7 a a DT 43297 1033 8 microscopical microscopical JJ 43297 1033 9 examination examination NN 43297 1033 10 identifying identify VBG 43297 1033 11 the the DT 43297 1033 12 chief chief JJ 43297 1033 13 impurities impurity NNS 43297 1033 14 present present VBP 43297 1033 15 the the DT 43297 1033 16 calculation calculation NN 43297 1033 17 from from IN 43297 1033 18 the the DT 43297 1033 19 analysis analysis NN 43297 1033 20 may may MD 43297 1033 21 usually usually RB 43297 1033 22 be be VB 43297 1033 23 accepted accept VBN 43297 1033 24 as as IN 43297 1033 25 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 1033 26 accurate accurate JJ 43297 1033 27 , , , 43297 1033 28 but but CC 43297 1033 29 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1033 30 is be VBZ 43297 1033 31 very very RB 43297 1033 32 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 43297 1033 33 to to TO 43297 1033 34 assume assume VB 43297 1033 35 , , , 43297 1033 36 as as IN 43297 1033 37 some some DT 43297 1033 38 chemists chemist NNS 43297 1033 39 do do VBP 43297 1033 40 , , , 43297 1033 41 that that IN 43297 1033 42 the the DT 43297 1033 43 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1033 44 and and CC 43297 1033 45 lime lime NN 43297 1033 46 in in IN 43297 1033 47 the the DT 43297 1033 48 clay clay NN 43297 1033 49 are be VBP 43297 1033 50 all all DT 43297 1033 51 in in IN 43297 1033 52 the the DT 43297 1033 53 form form NN 43297 1033 54 of of IN 43297 1033 55 felspar felspar NNS 43297 1033 56 and and CC 43297 1033 57 that that IN 43297 1033 58 the the DT 43297 1033 59 silica silica NN 43297 1033 60 remaining remain VBG 43297 1033 61 in in IN 43297 1033 62 excess excess NN 43297 1033 63 of of IN 43297 1033 64 that that DT 43297 1033 65 required require VBD 43297 1033 66 to to TO 43297 1033 67 combine combine VB 43297 1033 68 with with IN 43297 1033 69 the the DT 43297 1033 70 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1033 71 , , , 43297 1033 72 lime lime NNP 43297 1033 73 and and CC 43297 1033 74 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1033 75 is be VBZ 43297 1033 76 free free JJ 43297 1033 77 quartz quartz NN 43297 1033 78 . . . 43297 1034 1 Some some DT 43297 1034 2 clays clay NNS 43297 1034 3 are be VBP 43297 1034 4 almost almost RB 43297 1034 5 destitute destitute JJ 43297 1034 6 of of IN 43297 1034 7 felspar felspar NNS 43297 1034 8 but but CC 43297 1034 9 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 1034 10 rich rich JJ 43297 1034 11 in in IN 43297 1034 12 mica mica NNP 43297 1034 13 , , , 43297 1034 14 whilst whilst IN 43297 1034 15 others other NNS 43297 1034 16 are be VBP 43297 1034 17 the the DT 43297 1034 18 reverse reverse NN 43297 1034 19 , , , 43297 1034 20 so so IN 43297 1034 21 that that IN 43297 1034 22 some some DT 43297 1034 23 means mean NNS 43297 1034 24 of of IN 43297 1034 25 identifying identify VBG 43297 1034 26 the the DT 43297 1034 27 extraneous extraneous JJ 43297 1034 28 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1034 29 is be VBZ 43297 1034 30 essential essential JJ 43297 1034 31 . . . 43297 1035 1 When when WRB 43297 1035 2 this this DT 43297 1035 3 is be VBZ 43297 1035 4 not not RB 43297 1035 5 used use VBN 43297 1035 6 , , , 43297 1035 7 the the DT 43297 1035 8 curious curious JJ 43297 1035 9 result result NN 43297 1035 10 is be VBZ 43297 1035 11 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1035 12 that that IN 43297 1035 13 German german JJ 43297 1035 14 chemists chemist NNS 43297 1035 15 calculate calculate VBP 43297 1035 16 the the DT 43297 1035 17 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1035 18 , , , 43297 1035 19 etc etc FW 43297 1035 20 . . . 43297 1036 1 to to IN 43297 1036 2 felspar felspar NNS 43297 1036 3 whilst whilst IN 43297 1036 4 the the DT 43297 1036 5 French french JJ 43297 1036 6 chemists chemist NNS 43297 1036 7 , , , 43297 1036 8 following follow VBG 43297 1036 9 Vogt Vogt NNP 43297 1036 10 , , , 43297 1036 11 calculate calculate VB 43297 1036 12 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1036 13 to to IN 43297 1036 14 mica mica NNP 43297 1036 15 ; ; : 43297 1036 16 English english JJ 43297 1036 17 ceramic ceramic JJ 43297 1036 18 chemists chemist NNS 43297 1036 19 appear appear VBP 43297 1036 20 undecided undecided JJ 43297 1036 21 as as IN 43297 1036 22 to to TO 43297 1036 23 which which WDT 43297 1036 24 course course NN 43297 1036 25 to to TO 43297 1036 26 follow follow VB 43297 1036 27 , , , 43297 1036 28 and and CC 43297 1036 29 some some DT 43297 1036 30 of of IN 43297 1036 31 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1036 32 occasionally occasionally RB 43297 1036 33 report report VBP 43297 1036 34 notable notable JJ 43297 1036 35 amounts amount NNS 43297 1036 36 of of IN 43297 1036 37 felspar felspar NN 43297 1036 38 in in IN 43297 1036 39 clays clay NNS 43297 1036 40 quite quite RB 43297 1036 41 destitute destitute NN 43297 1036 42 of of IN 43297 1036 43 this this DT 43297 1036 44 mineral mineral NN 43297 1036 45 ! ! . 43297 1037 1 A a DT 43297 1037 2 statement statement NN 43297 1037 3 of of IN 43297 1037 4 the the DT 43297 1037 5 composition composition NN 43297 1037 6 of of IN 43297 1037 7 a a DT 43297 1037 8 ' ' `` 43297 1037 9 clay clay NN 43297 1037 10 ' ' '' 43297 1037 11 based base VBN 43297 1037 12 on on IN 43297 1037 13 a a DT 43297 1037 14 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 1037 15 separation separation NN 43297 1037 16 of of IN 43297 1037 17 the the DT 43297 1037 18 coarser coarser NN 43297 1037 19 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 1037 20 followed follow VBN 43297 1037 21 by by IN 43297 1037 22 an an DT 43297 1037 23 analysis analysis NN 43297 1037 24 of of IN 43297 1037 25 the the DT 43297 1037 26 finer fine JJR 43297 1037 27 ones one NNS 43297 1037 28 and and CC 43297 1037 29 a a DT 43297 1037 30 calculation calculation NN 43297 1037 31 of of IN 43297 1037 32 the the DT 43297 1037 33 probable probable JJ 43297 1037 34 constituents constituent NNS 43297 1037 35 of of IN 43297 1037 36 the the DT 43297 1037 37 latter latter JJ 43297 1037 38 , , , 43297 1037 39 as as IN 43297 1037 40 already already RB 43297 1037 41 described describe VBN 43297 1037 42 , , , 43297 1037 43 is be VBZ 43297 1037 44 known know VBN 43297 1037 45 as as IN 43297 1037 46 a a DT 43297 1037 47 _ _ NNP 43297 1037 48 proximate proximate NN 43297 1037 49 analysis analysis NN 43297 1037 50 _ _ NNP 43297 1037 51 in in IN 43297 1037 52 order order NN 43297 1037 53 to to TO 43297 1037 54 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 1037 55 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1037 56 from from IN 43297 1037 57 an an DT 43297 1037 58 _ _ NNP 43297 1037 59 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 1037 60 analysis analysis NN 43297 1037 61 _ _ NNP 43297 1037 62 which which WDT 43297 1037 63 states state VBZ 43297 1037 64 the the DT 43297 1037 65 composition composition NN 43297 1037 66 of of IN 43297 1037 67 the the DT 43297 1037 68 whole whole JJ 43297 1037 69 material material NN 43297 1037 70 in in IN 43297 1037 71 terms term NNS 43297 1037 72 of of IN 43297 1037 73 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1037 74 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 1037 75 oxides oxide NNS 43297 1037 76 . . . 43297 1038 1 A a DT 43297 1038 2 proximate proximate NN 43297 1038 3 analysis analysis NN 43297 1038 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 1038 5 shows show VBZ 43297 1038 6 the the DT 43297 1038 7 various various JJ 43297 1038 8 materials material NNS 43297 1038 9 entering enter VBG 43297 1038 10 into into IN 43297 1038 11 the the DT 43297 1038 12 composition composition NN 43297 1038 13 of of IN 43297 1038 14 the the DT 43297 1038 15 clay clay NN 43297 1038 16 in in IN 43297 1038 17 the the DT 43297 1038 18 following following JJ 43297 1038 19 or or CC 43297 1038 20 similar similar JJ 43297 1038 21 terms term NNS 43297 1038 22 : : : 43297 1038 23 Stones stone NNS 43297 1038 24 per per IN 43297 1038 25 cent cent NN 43297 1038 26 . . . 43297 1039 1 Gravel gravel NN 43297 1039 2 " " `` 43297 1039 3 Coarse coarse JJ 43297 1039 4 sand sand NN 43297 1039 5 " " `` 43297 1039 6 Medium medium JJ 43297 1039 7 sand sand NN 43297 1039 8 " " `` 43297 1039 9 Fine fine JJ 43297 1039 10 sand sand NN 43297 1039 11 " " `` 43297 1039 12 Silt Silt NNP 43297 1039 13 " " '' 43297 1039 14 Felspar Felspar NNP 43297 1039 15 or or CC 43297 1039 16 mica mica JJ 43297 1039 17 dust dust NN 43297 1039 18 " " `` 43297 1039 19 Silica Silica NNP 43297 1039 20 dust dust NN 43297 1039 21 " " '' 43297 1039 22 ' ' `` 43297 1039 23 True true JJ 43297 1039 24 clay[12 clay[12 NN 43297 1039 25 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1039 26 ' ' POS 43297 1039 27 " " `` 43297 1039 28 Moisture Moisture NNP 43297 1039 29 " " '' 43297 1039 30 Carbon carbon NN 43297 1039 31 " " '' 43297 1039 32 Other other JJ 43297 1039 33 volatile volatile JJ 43297 1039 34 matter matter NN 43297 1039 35 " " '' 43297 1039 36 [ [ -LRB- 43297 1039 37 Footnote Footnote NNP 43297 1039 38 12 12 CD 43297 1039 39 : : : 43297 1039 40 In in IN 43297 1039 41 analytical analytical JJ 43297 1039 42 reports report NNS 43297 1039 43 a a DT 43297 1039 44 note note NN 43297 1039 45 should should MD 43297 1039 46 be be VB 43297 1039 47 appended append VBN 43297 1039 48 stating state VBG 43297 1039 49 that that IN 43297 1039 50 the the DT 43297 1039 51 figure figure NN 43297 1039 52 under under IN 43297 1039 53 this this DT 43297 1039 54 term term NN 43297 1039 55 shows show VBZ 43297 1039 56 the the DT 43297 1039 57 proportion proportion NN 43297 1039 58 of of IN 43297 1039 59 the the DT 43297 1039 60 nearest near JJS 43297 1039 61 approximation approximation NN 43297 1039 62 to to IN 43297 1039 63 true true JJ 43297 1039 64 clay clay NN 43297 1039 65 at at IN 43297 1039 66 present present JJ 43297 1039 67 attainable attainable NN 43297 1039 68 . . . 43297 1039 69 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1040 1 For for IN 43297 1040 2 some some DT 43297 1040 3 purposes purpose NNS 43297 1040 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1040 5 is be VBZ 43297 1040 6 necessary necessary JJ 43297 1040 7 to to TO 43297 1040 8 show show VB 43297 1040 9 the the DT 43297 1040 10 proportion proportion NN 43297 1040 11 of of IN 43297 1040 12 calcium calcium NN 43297 1040 13 , , , 43297 1040 14 iron iron NN 43297 1040 15 and and CC 43297 1040 16 other other JJ 43297 1040 17 compounds compound NNS 43297 1040 18 as as IN 43297 1040 19 in in IN 43297 1040 20 an an DT 43297 1040 21 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1040 22 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 1040 23 analysis analysis NN 43297 1040 24 . . . 43297 1041 1 A a DT 43297 1041 2 comparison comparison NN 43297 1041 3 of of IN 43297 1041 4 the the DT 43297 1041 5 foregoing foregoing NN 43297 1041 6 with with IN 43297 1041 7 an an DT 43297 1041 8 ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 1041 9 or or CC 43297 1041 10 ' ' `` 43297 1041 11 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1041 12 ' ' '' 43297 1041 13 analysis analysis NN 43297 1041 14 of of IN 43297 1041 15 a a DT 43297 1041 16 clay clay NN 43297 1041 17 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1041 18 p. p. NN 43297 1041 19 16 16 CD 43297 1041 20 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1041 21 will will MD 43297 1041 22 show show VB 43297 1041 23 at at IN 43297 1041 24 once once RB 43297 1041 25 the the DT 43297 1041 26 advantage advantage NN 43297 1041 27 of of IN 43297 1041 28 the the DT 43297 1041 29 former former JJ 43297 1041 30 in in IN 43297 1041 31 increasing increase VBG 43297 1041 32 our -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1041 33 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 1041 34 of of IN 43297 1041 35 the the DT 43297 1041 36 essential essential JJ 43297 1041 37 constituent constituent NN 43297 1041 38 of of IN 43297 1041 39 all all DT 43297 1041 40 clays clay NNS 43297 1041 41 , , , 43297 1041 42 if if IN 43297 1041 43 such such PDT 43297 1041 44 a a DT 43297 1041 45 substance substance NN 43297 1041 46 really really RB 43297 1041 47 exists exist VBZ 43297 1041 48 . . . 43297 1042 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1042 2 absolute absolute JJ 43297 1042 3 existence existence NN 43297 1042 4 is be VBZ 43297 1042 5 by by IN 43297 1042 6 no no DT 43297 1042 7 means means NN 43297 1042 8 proved prove VBN 43297 1042 9 , , , 43297 1042 10 for for IN 43297 1042 11 , , , 43297 1042 12 as as IN 43297 1042 13 will will MD 43297 1042 14 have have VB 43297 1042 15 been be VBN 43297 1042 16 noticed notice VBN 43297 1042 17 , , , 43297 1042 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1042 19 composition composition NN 43297 1042 20 is be VBZ 43297 1042 21 largely largely RB 43297 1042 22 based base VBN 43297 1042 23 on on IN 43297 1042 24 assumption assumption NN 43297 1042 25 even even RB 43297 1042 26 in in IN 43297 1042 27 the the DT 43297 1042 28 most most RBS 43297 1042 29 thorough thorough JJ 43297 1042 30 investigations investigation NNS 43297 1042 31 , , , 43297 1042 32 particularly particularly RB 43297 1042 33 of of IN 43297 1042 34 the the DT 43297 1042 35 admittedly admittedly RB 43297 1042 36 less less RBR 43297 1042 37 pure pure JJ 43297 1042 38 clays clay NNS 43297 1042 39 . . . 43297 1043 1 In in IN 43297 1043 2 the the DT 43297 1043 3 purer purer NN 43297 1043 4 clays clay VBZ 43297 1043 5 the the DT 43297 1043 6 problem problem NN 43297 1043 7 is be VBZ 43297 1043 8 much much RB 43297 1043 9 simpler simple JJR 43297 1043 10 and and CC 43297 1043 11 in in IN 43297 1043 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1043 13 case case NN 43297 1043 14 an an DT 43297 1043 15 answer answer NN 43297 1043 16 of of IN 43297 1043 17 at at IN 43297 1043 18 least least JJS 43297 1043 19 approximate approximate JJ 43297 1043 20 accuracy accuracy NN 43297 1043 21 can can MD 43297 1043 22 be be VB 43297 1043 23 given give VBN 43297 1043 24 to to IN 43297 1043 25 the the DT 43297 1043 26 question question NN 43297 1043 27 ' ' '' 43297 1043 28 What what WP 43297 1043 29 is be VBZ 43297 1043 30 clay clay NN 43297 1043 31 ? ? . 43297 1043 32 ' ' '' 43297 1044 1 Even even RB 43297 1044 2 with with IN 43297 1044 3 these these DT 43297 1044 4 purer purer NN 43297 1044 5 clays clay NNS 43297 1044 6 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1044 7 is be VBZ 43297 1044 8 not not RB 43297 1044 9 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 1044 10 to to TO 43297 1044 11 study study VB 43297 1044 12 an an DT 43297 1044 13 analysis analysis NN 43297 1044 14 showing show VBG 43297 1044 15 the the DT 43297 1044 16 total total JJ 43297 1044 17 amount amount NN 43297 1044 18 of of IN 43297 1044 19 the the DT 43297 1044 20 silica silica NN 43297 1044 21 , , , 43297 1044 22 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1044 23 and and CC 43297 1044 24 other other JJ 43297 1044 25 oxides oxide NNS 43297 1044 26 present present JJ 43297 1044 27 ; ; : 43297 1044 28 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1044 29 is be VBZ 43297 1044 30 still still RB 43297 1044 31 necessary necessary JJ 43297 1044 32 to to TO 43297 1044 33 effect effect VB 43297 1044 34 some some DT 43297 1044 35 kind kind NN 43297 1044 36 of of IN 43297 1044 37 separation separation NN 43297 1044 38 into into IN 43297 1044 39 the the DT 43297 1044 40 various various JJ 43297 1044 41 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1044 42 of of IN 43297 1044 43 which which WDT 43297 1044 44 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1044 45 are be VBP 43297 1044 46 composed compose VBN 43297 1044 47 . . . 43297 1045 1 When when WRB 43297 1045 2 , , , 43297 1045 3 however however RB 43297 1045 4 , , , 43297 1045 5 the the DT 43297 1045 6 accessory accessory JJ 43297 1045 7 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1045 8 do do VBP 43297 1045 9 not not RB 43297 1045 10 exceed exceed VB 43297 1045 11 5 5 CD 43297 1045 12 per per NN 43297 1045 13 cent cent NN 43297 1045 14 . . . 43297 1046 1 of of IN 43297 1046 2 the the DT 43297 1046 3 total total JJ 43297 1046 4 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 1046 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1046 6 influence influence NN 43297 1046 7 is be VBZ 43297 1046 8 less less RBR 43297 1046 9 important important JJ 43297 1046 10 and and CC 43297 1046 11 the the DT 43297 1046 12 nature nature NN 43297 1046 13 and and CC 43297 1046 14 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1046 15 of of IN 43297 1046 16 the the DT 43297 1046 17 ' ' `` 43297 1046 18 clay clay NN 43297 1046 19 substance substance NN 43297 1046 20 ' ' '' 43297 1046 21 itself -PRON- PRP 43297 1046 22 can can MD 43297 1046 23 be be VB 43297 1046 24 more more RBR 43297 1046 25 accurately accurately RB 43297 1046 26 studied study VBN 43297 1046 27 . . . 43297 1047 1 By by IN 43297 1047 2 careful careful JJ 43297 1047 3 treatment treatment NN 43297 1047 4 of of IN 43297 1047 5 well well RB 43297 1047 6 selected select VBN 43297 1047 7 china china NNP 43297 1047 8 clays clay NNS 43297 1047 9 , , , 43297 1047 10 for for IN 43297 1047 11 example example NN 43297 1047 12 , , , 43297 1047 13 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1047 14 is be VBZ 43297 1047 15 possible possible JJ 43297 1047 16 to to TO 43297 1047 17 obtain obtain VB 43297 1047 18 a a DT 43297 1047 19 material material NN 43297 1047 20 corresponding correspond VBG 43297 1047 21 to to IN 43297 1047 22 the the DT 43297 1047 23 formula formula NN 43297 1047 24 Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O al2o3·2sio2·2h2o NN 43297 1047 25 within within IN 43297 1047 26 a a DT 43297 1047 27 total total JJ 43297 1047 28 error error NN 43297 1047 29 of of IN 43297 1047 30 1 1 CD 43297 1047 31 per per NN 43297 1047 32 cent cent NN 43297 1047 33 . . . 43297 1047 34 , , , 43297 1047 35 the the DT 43297 1047 36 small small JJ 43297 1047 37 amount amount NN 43297 1047 38 of of IN 43297 1047 39 impurity impurity NN 43297 1047 40 being being NN 43297 1047 41 , , , 43297 1047 42 as as RB 43297 1047 43 far far RB 43297 1047 44 as as IN 43297 1047 45 can can MD 43297 1047 46 be be VB 43297 1047 47 ascertained ascertain VBN 43297 1047 48 , , , 43297 1047 49 composed compose VBN 43297 1047 50 of of IN 43297 1047 51 mica mica NNP 43297 1047 52 . . . 43297 1048 1 So so RB 43297 1048 2 pure pure JJ 43297 1048 3 a a DT 43297 1048 4 specimen speciman NNS 43297 1048 5 of of IN 43297 1048 6 clay clay NN 43297 1048 7 is be VBZ 43297 1048 8 found find VBN 43297 1048 9 on on IN 43297 1048 10 microscopical microscopical JJ 43297 1048 11 examination examination NN 43297 1048 12 to to TO 43297 1048 13 consist consist VB 43297 1048 14 of of IN 43297 1048 15 minute minute JJ 43297 1048 16 irregular irregular JJ 43297 1048 17 grains grain NNS 43297 1048 18 of of IN 43297 1048 19 no no DT 43297 1048 20 definite definite JJ 43297 1048 21 form form NN 43297 1048 22 , , , 43297 1048 23 together together RB 43297 1048 24 with with IN 43297 1048 25 a a DT 43297 1048 26 few few JJ 43297 1048 27 crystals crystal NNS 43297 1048 28 of of IN 43297 1048 29 the the DT 43297 1048 30 same same JJ 43297 1048 31 composition composition NN 43297 1048 32 and and CC 43297 1048 33 identifiable identifiable JJ 43297 1048 34 as as IN 43297 1048 35 the the DT 43297 1048 36 mineral mineral NN 43297 1048 37 ' ' `` 43297 1048 38 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1048 39 ' ' '' 43297 1048 40 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1048 41 p. p. NN 43297 1048 42 107 107 CD 43297 1048 43 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1048 44 . . . 43297 1049 1 This this DT 43297 1049 2 ' ' `` 43297 1049 3 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1049 4 ' ' '' 43297 1049 5 material material NN 43297 1049 6 , , , 43297 1049 7 which which WDT 43297 1049 8 appears appear VBZ 43297 1049 9 to to TO 43297 1049 10 be be VB 43297 1049 11 the the DT 43297 1049 12 chief chief JJ 43297 1049 13 constituent constituent NN 43297 1049 14 of of IN 43297 1049 15 all all DT 43297 1049 16 china china NNP 43297 1049 17 clays clay NNS 43297 1049 18 and and CC 43297 1049 19 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1049 20 , , , 43297 1049 21 has have VBZ 43297 1049 22 been be VBN 43297 1049 23 termed term VBN 43297 1049 24 _ _ NNP 43297 1049 25 clayite clayite NN 43297 1049 26 _ _ NNP 43297 1049 27 by by IN 43297 1049 28 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1049 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1049 30 22 22 CD 43297 1049 31 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1049 32 . . . 43297 1050 1 Johnson Johnson NNP 43297 1050 2 and and CC 43297 1050 3 Blake Blake NNP 43297 1050 4 , , , 43297 1050 5 Aron Aron NNP 43297 1050 6 and and CC 43297 1050 7 other other JJ 43297 1050 8 observers observer NNS 43297 1050 9 have have VBP 43297 1050 10 stated state VBN 43297 1050 11 that that IN 43297 1050 12 the the DT 43297 1050 13 majority majority NN 43297 1050 14 of of IN 43297 1050 15 the the DT 43297 1050 16 particles particle NNS 43297 1050 17 in in IN 43297 1050 18 china china NNP 43297 1050 19 clays clay NNS 43297 1050 20 and and CC 43297 1050 21 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1050 22 are be VBP 43297 1050 23 crystalline crystalline JJ 43297 1050 24 in in IN 43297 1050 25 form form NN 43297 1050 26 . . . 43297 1051 1 Owing owe VBG 43297 1051 2 to to IN 43297 1051 3 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1051 4 extreme extreme JJ 43297 1051 5 smallness smallness NN 43297 1051 6 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1051 7 is be VBZ 43297 1051 8 exceedingly exceedingly RB 43297 1051 9 difficult difficult JJ 43297 1051 10 to to TO 43297 1051 11 prove prove VB 43297 1051 12 that that IN 43297 1051 13 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1051 14 are be VBP 43297 1051 15 not not RB 43297 1051 16 so so RB 43297 1051 17 , , , 43297 1051 18 though though IN 43297 1051 19 for for IN 43297 1051 20 all all DT 43297 1051 21 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1051 22 purposes purpose NNS 43297 1051 23 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1051 24 may may MD 43297 1051 25 be be VB 43297 1051 26 regarded regard VBN 43297 1051 27 as as IN 43297 1051 28 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1051 29 , , , 43297 1051 30 the the DT 43297 1051 31 proportion proportion NN 43297 1051 32 of of IN 43297 1051 33 obviously obviously RB 43297 1051 34 crystalline crystalline JJ 43297 1051 35 matter matter NN 43297 1051 36 present present JJ 43297 1051 37 in in IN 43297 1051 38 British british JJ 43297 1051 39 china china NNP 43297 1051 40 clay clay NN 43297 1051 41 of of IN 43297 1051 42 the the DT 43297 1051 43 highest high JJS 43297 1051 44 qualities quality NNS 43297 1051 45 being be VBG 43297 1051 46 so so RB 43297 1051 47 small small JJ 43297 1051 48 as as IN 43297 1051 49 to to TO 43297 1051 50 be be VB 43297 1051 51 negligible negligible JJ 43297 1051 52 . . . 43297 1052 1 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 1052 2 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1052 3 36 36 CD 43297 1052 4 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1052 5 , , , 43297 1052 6 using use VBG 43297 1052 7 an an DT 43297 1052 8 exceptionally exceptionally RB 43297 1052 9 powerful powerful JJ 43297 1052 10 microscope microscope NN 43297 1052 11 , , , 43297 1052 12 claims claim VBZ 43297 1052 13 to to TO 43297 1052 14 have have VB 43297 1052 15 identified identify VBN 43297 1052 16 this this DT 43297 1052 17 ' ' `` 43297 1052 18 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1052 19 ' ' '' 43297 1052 20 substance substance NN 43297 1052 21 in in IN 43297 1052 22 china china NNP 43297 1052 23 clay clay NNP 43297 1052 24 as as IN 43297 1052 25 ' ' `` 43297 1052 26 worn worn JJ 43297 1052 27 and and CC 43297 1052 28 fragmental fragmental JJ 43297 1052 29 crystals crystal NNS 43297 1052 30 of of IN 43297 1052 31 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1052 32 , , , 43297 1052 33 ' ' '' 43297 1052 34 and and CC 43297 1052 35 recently recently RB 43297 1052 36 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1052 37 and and CC 43297 1052 38 Holdcroft Holdcroft NNP 43297 1052 39 and and CC 43297 1052 40 Rieke Rieke NNP 43297 1052 41 have have VBP 43297 1052 42 shown show VBN 43297 1052 43 that that IN 43297 1052 44 the the DT 43297 1052 45 apparently apparently RB 43297 1052 46 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1052 47 material material NN 43297 1052 48 shows show VBZ 43297 1052 49 the the DT 43297 1052 50 same same JJ 43297 1052 51 endo- endo- JJ 43297 1052 52 and and CC 43297 1052 53 exothermal exothermal JJ 43297 1052 54 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1052 55 as as IN 43297 1052 56 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 1052 57 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1052 58 . . . 43297 1053 1 So so RB 43297 1053 2 far far RB 43297 1053 3 as as IN 43297 1053 4 china china NNP 43297 1053 5 clays clay NNS 43297 1053 6 or or CC 43297 1053 7 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 1053 8 are be VBP 43297 1053 9 concerned concern VBN 43297 1053 10 , , , 43297 1053 11 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1053 12 or or CC 43297 1053 13 an an DT 43297 1053 14 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1053 15 substance substance NN 43297 1053 16 of of IN 43297 1053 17 the the DT 43297 1053 18 same same JJ 43297 1053 19 composition composition NN 43297 1053 20 appears appear VBZ 43297 1053 21 to to TO 43297 1053 22 be be VB 43297 1053 23 identical identical JJ 43297 1053 24 with with IN 43297 1053 25 the the DT 43297 1053 26 ' ' `` 43297 1053 27 ideal ideal JJ 43297 1053 28 clay clay NN 43297 1053 29 ' ' '' 43297 1053 30 or or CC 43297 1053 31 ' ' `` 43297 1053 32 true true JJ 43297 1053 33 clay clay NN 43297 1053 34 ' ' '' 43297 1053 35 whose whose WP$ 43297 1053 36 characters character NNS 43297 1053 37 have have VBP 43297 1053 38 so so RB 43297 1053 39 long long RB 43297 1053 40 been be VBN 43297 1053 41 sought seek VBN 43297 1053 42 . . . 43297 1054 1 This this DT 43297 1054 2 term term NN 43297 1054 3 -- -- : 43297 1054 4 clayite clayite NN 43297 1054 5 -- -- : 43297 1054 6 is be VBZ 43297 1054 7 very very RB 43297 1054 8 convenient convenient JJ 43297 1054 9 when when WRB 43297 1054 10 confined confine VBN 43297 1054 11 to to IN 43297 1054 12 china china NNP 43297 1054 13 clays clay NNS 43297 1054 14 and and CC 43297 1054 15 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1054 16 , , , 43297 1054 17 but but CC 43297 1054 18 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1054 19 is be VBZ 43297 1054 20 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 1054 21 legitimate legitimate JJ 43297 1054 22 to to TO 43297 1054 23 apply apply VB 43297 1054 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1054 25 , , , 43297 1054 26 as as IN 43297 1054 27 has have VBZ 43297 1054 28 been be VBN 43297 1054 29 suggested suggest VBN 43297 1054 30 , , , 43297 1054 31 to to TO 43297 1054 32 material material VB 43297 1054 33 in in IN 43297 1054 34 other other JJ 43297 1054 35 clays clay NNS 43297 1054 36 until until IN 43297 1054 37 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1054 38 has have VBZ 43297 1054 39 been be VBN 43297 1054 40 isolated isolate VBN 43297 1054 41 in in IN 43297 1054 42 a a DT 43297 1054 43 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 1054 44 pure pure JJ 43297 1054 45 form form NN 43297 1054 46 to to TO 43297 1054 47 enable enable VB 43297 1054 48 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1054 49 properties property NNS 43297 1054 50 to to TO 43297 1054 51 be be VB 43297 1054 52 accurately accurately RB 43297 1054 53 studied study VBN 43297 1054 54 . . . 43297 1055 1 This this DT 43297 1055 2 restriction restriction NN 43297 1055 3 is be VBZ 43297 1055 4 the the DT 43297 1055 5 more more RBR 43297 1055 6 necessary necessary JJ 43297 1055 7 as as IN 43297 1055 8 in in IN 43297 1055 9 one one CD 43297 1055 10 very very RB 43297 1055 11 important important JJ 43297 1055 12 respect respect NN 43297 1055 13 clayite clayite NN 43297 1055 14 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1055 15 from from IN 43297 1055 16 china china NNP 43297 1055 17 clay clay NNP 43297 1055 18 and and CC 43297 1055 19 some some DT 43297 1055 20 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1055 21 differs differ VBZ 43297 1055 22 noticeably noticeably RB 43297 1055 23 from from IN 43297 1055 24 the the DT 43297 1055 25 nearest near JJS 43297 1055 26 approach approach NN 43297 1055 27 to to IN 43297 1055 28 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1055 29 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 1055 30 from from IN 43297 1055 31 the the DT 43297 1055 32 more more RBR 43297 1055 33 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1055 34 clays clay NNS 43297 1055 35 : : : 43297 1055 36 namely namely RB 43297 1055 37 , , , 43297 1055 38 in in IN 43297 1055 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1055 40 very very RB 43297 1055 41 low low JJ 43297 1055 42 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 1055 43 . . . 43297 1056 1 This this DT 43297 1056 2 may may MD 43297 1056 3 be be VB 43297 1056 4 explained explain VBN 43297 1056 5 by by IN 43297 1056 6 the the DT 43297 1056 7 fact fact NN 43297 1056 8 that that IN 43297 1056 9 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1056 10 is be VBZ 43297 1056 11 only only RB 43297 1056 12 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 1056 13 in in IN 43297 1056 14 a a DT 43297 1056 15 reasonably reasonably RB 43297 1056 16 pure pure JJ 43297 1056 17 form form NN 43297 1056 18 in in IN 43297 1056 19 clays clay NNS 43297 1056 20 of of IN 43297 1056 21 a a DT 43297 1056 22 primary primary JJ 43297 1056 23 character character NN 43297 1056 24 , , , 43297 1056 25 whilst whilst IN 43297 1056 26 the the DT 43297 1056 27 plastic plastic NN 43297 1056 28 clays clay NNS 43297 1056 29 have have VBP 43297 1056 30 usually usually RB 43297 1056 31 been be VBN 43297 1056 32 transported transport VBN 43297 1056 33 over over IN 43297 1056 34 considerable considerable JJ 43297 1056 35 areas area NNS 43297 1056 36 and and CC 43297 1056 37 have have VBP 43297 1056 38 been be VBN 43297 1056 39 subjected subject VBN 43297 1056 40 to to IN 43297 1056 41 a a DT 43297 1056 42 variety variety NN 43297 1056 43 of of IN 43297 1056 44 treatments treatment NNS 43297 1056 45 which which WDT 43297 1056 46 have have VBP 43297 1056 47 had have VBN 43297 1056 48 a a DT 43297 1056 49 marked marked JJ 43297 1056 50 effect effect NN 43297 1056 51 on on IN 43297 1056 52 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1056 53 physical physical JJ 43297 1056 54 character character NN 43297 1056 55 . . . 43297 1057 1 Moreover moreover RB 43297 1057 2 , , , 43297 1057 3 the the DT 43297 1057 4 fact fact NN 43297 1057 5 that that IN 43297 1057 6 the the DT 43297 1057 7 purest pure JJS 43297 1057 8 ' ' `` 43297 1057 9 clay clay NN 43297 1057 10 ' ' '' 43297 1057 11 which which WDT 43297 1057 12 can can MD 43297 1057 13 be be VB 43297 1057 14 isolated isolate VBN 43297 1057 15 from from IN 43297 1057 16 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1057 17 clays clay NNS 43297 1057 18 appears appear VBZ 43297 1057 19 to to TO 43297 1057 20 be be VB 43297 1057 21 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1057 22 and and CC 43297 1057 23 to to IN 43297 1057 24 some some DT 43297 1057 25 extent extent NN 43297 1057 26 colloidal colloidal NN 43297 1057 27 greatly greatly RB 43297 1057 28 increases increase VBZ 43297 1057 29 the the DT 43297 1057 30 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 1057 31 of of IN 43297 1057 32 obtaining obtain VBG 43297 1057 33 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1057 34 in in IN 43297 1057 35 a a DT 43297 1057 36 pure pure JJ 43297 1057 37 state state NN 43297 1057 38 , , , 43297 1057 39 especially especially RB 43297 1057 40 as as IN 43297 1057 41 no no DT 43297 1057 42 liquid liquid NN 43297 1057 43 is be VBZ 43297 1057 44 known know VBN 43297 1057 45 which which WDT 43297 1057 46 will will MD 43297 1057 47 dissolve dissolve VB 43297 1057 48 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1057 49 without without IN 43297 1057 50 decomposing decompose VBG 43297 1057 51 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1057 52 . . . 43297 1058 1 The the DT 43297 1058 2 fact fact NN 43297 1058 3 that that IN 43297 1058 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1058 5 is be VBZ 43297 1058 6 not not RB 43297 1058 7 an an DT 43297 1058 8 elementary elementary JJ 43297 1058 9 substance substance NN 43297 1058 10 , , , 43297 1058 11 but but CC 43297 1058 12 a a DT 43297 1058 13 complex complex JJ 43297 1058 14 compound compound NN 43297 1058 15 of of IN 43297 1058 16 silica silica NNP 43297 1058 17 , , , 43297 1058 18 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1058 19 and and CC 43297 1058 20 the the DT 43297 1058 21 elements element NNS 43297 1058 22 of of IN 43297 1058 23 water water NN 43297 1058 24 , , , 43297 1058 25 also also RB 43297 1058 26 increases increase VBZ 43297 1058 27 the the DT 43297 1058 28 intricacy intricacy NN 43297 1058 29 of of IN 43297 1058 30 the the DT 43297 1058 31 problem problem NN 43297 1058 32 , , , 43297 1058 33 for for IN 43297 1058 34 these these DT 43297 1058 35 substances substance NNS 43297 1058 36 occur occur VBP 43297 1058 37 in in IN 43297 1058 38 other other JJ 43297 1058 39 combinations combination NNS 43297 1058 40 in in IN 43297 1058 41 a a DT 43297 1058 42 variety variety NN 43297 1058 43 of of IN 43297 1058 44 other other JJ 43297 1058 45 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1058 46 which which WDT 43297 1058 47 are be VBP 43297 1058 48 clearly clearly RB 43297 1058 49 distinct distinct JJ 43297 1058 50 from from IN 43297 1058 51 clay clay NN 43297 1058 52 . . . 43297 1059 1 Ever ever RB 43297 1059 2 since since IN 43297 1059 3 the the DT 43297 1059 4 publication publication NN 43297 1059 5 of of IN 43297 1059 6 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1059 7 's 's POS 43297 1059 8 memorable memorable JJ 43297 1059 9 papers paper NNS 43297 1059 10 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1059 11 7 7 CD 43297 1059 12 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1059 13 , , , 43297 1059 14 and and CC 43297 1059 15 to to IN 43297 1059 16 a a DT 43297 1059 17 small small JJ 43297 1059 18 extent extent NN 43297 1059 19 before before IN 43297 1059 20 that that DT 43297 1059 21 time time NN 43297 1059 22 , , , 43297 1059 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1059 24 has have VBZ 43297 1059 25 been be VBN 43297 1059 26 generally generally RB 43297 1059 27 understood understand VBN 43297 1059 28 that that IN 43297 1059 29 china china NNP 43297 1059 30 clay clay NNP 43297 1059 31 or or CC 43297 1059 32 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 1059 33 represented represent VBD 43297 1059 34 the the DT 43297 1059 35 true true JJ 43297 1059 36 essential essential JJ 43297 1059 37 constituent constituent NN 43297 1059 38 of of IN 43297 1059 39 clays clay NNS 43297 1059 40 , , , 43297 1059 41 but but CC 43297 1059 42 several several JJ 43297 1059 43 investigators investigator NNS 43297 1059 44 have have VBP 43297 1059 45 been be VBN 43297 1059 46 so so RB 43297 1059 47 imbued imbued JJ 43297 1059 48 with with IN 43297 1059 49 the the DT 43297 1059 50 idea idea NN 43297 1059 51 that that IN 43297 1059 52 all all DT 43297 1059 53 true true JJ 43297 1059 54 clay clay NN 43297 1059 55 substance substance NN 43297 1059 56 must must MD 43297 1059 57 have have VB 43297 1059 58 a a DT 43297 1059 59 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 1059 60 form form NN 43297 1059 61 that that WDT 43297 1059 62 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1059 63 have have VBP 43297 1059 64 frequently frequently RB 43297 1059 65 used use VBN 43297 1059 66 the the DT 43297 1059 67 term term NN 43297 1059 68 ' ' `` 43297 1059 69 kaolinite kaolinite NN 43297 1059 70 ' ' '' 43297 1059 71 to to TO 43297 1059 72 include include VB 43297 1059 73 the the DT 43297 1059 74 ' ' `` 43297 1059 75 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1059 76 ' ' '' 43297 1059 77 substance substance NN 43297 1059 78 in in IN 43297 1059 79 plastic plastic NN 43297 1059 80 clays clay NNS 43297 1059 81 . . . 43297 1060 1 This this DT 43297 1060 2 is be VBZ 43297 1060 3 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 43297 1060 4 as as IN 43297 1060 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1060 6 is be VBZ 43297 1060 7 by by IN 43297 1060 8 no no DT 43297 1060 9 means means NN 43297 1060 10 proved prove VBN 43297 1060 11 that that IN 43297 1060 12 the the DT 43297 1060 13 latter latter JJ 43297 1060 14 is be VBZ 43297 1060 15 identical identical JJ 43297 1060 16 with with IN 43297 1060 17 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1060 18 , , , 43297 1060 19 and and CC 43297 1060 20 a a DT 43297 1060 21 distinctive distinctive JJ 43297 1060 22 term term NN 43297 1060 23 would would MD 43297 1060 24 be be VB 43297 1060 25 of of IN 43297 1060 26 value value NN 43297 1060 27 in in IN 43297 1060 28 preventing prevent VBG 43297 1060 29 confusion confusion NN 43297 1060 30 . . . 43297 1061 1 Other other JJ 43297 1061 2 investigators investigator NNS 43297 1061 3 have have VBP 43297 1061 4 used use VBN 43297 1061 5 the the DT 43297 1061 6 word word NN 43297 1061 7 ' ' `` 43297 1061 8 kaolin kaolin NN 43297 1061 9 ' ' '' 43297 1061 10 with with IN 43297 1061 11 equal equal JJ 43297 1061 12 freeness freeness NN 43297 1061 13 , , , 43297 1061 14 so so IN 43297 1061 15 that that IN 43297 1061 16 whilst whilst IN 43297 1061 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1061 18 originally originally RB 43297 1061 19 referred refer VBD 43297 1061 20 to to TO 43297 1061 21 material material VB 43297 1061 22 from from IN 43297 1061 23 a a DT 43297 1061 24 particular particular JJ 43297 1061 25 hill hill NN 43297 1061 26 or or CC 43297 1061 27 ridge ridge NNP 43297 1061 28 in in IN 43297 1061 29 China[13 China[13 NNP 43297 1061 30 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1061 31 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1061 32 has have VBZ 43297 1061 33 now now RB 43297 1061 34 entered enter VBN 43297 1061 35 into into IN 43297 1061 36 general general JJ 43297 1061 37 use use NN 43297 1061 38 for for IN 43297 1061 39 all all DT 43297 1061 40 clays clay NNS 43297 1061 41 whose whose WP$ 43297 1061 42 composition composition NN 43297 1061 43 approximates approximate VBZ 43297 1061 44 to to IN 43297 1061 45 that that DT 43297 1061 46 of of IN 43297 1061 47 china china NNP 43297 1061 48 clay clay NNP 43297 1061 49 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1061 50 p. p. NN 43297 1061 51 16 16 CD 43297 1061 52 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1061 53 in in IN 43297 1061 54 which which WDT 43297 1061 55 the the DT 43297 1061 56 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 1061 57 is be VBZ 43297 1061 58 not not RB 43297 1061 59 well well RB 43297 1061 60 developed develop VBN 43297 1061 61 . . . 43297 1062 1 Thus thus RB 43297 1062 2 , , , 43297 1062 3 in in IN 43297 1062 4 spite spite NN 43297 1062 5 of of IN 43297 1062 6 the the DT 43297 1062 7 difference difference NN 43297 1062 8 in in IN 43297 1062 9 origin origin NN 43297 1062 10 between between IN 43297 1062 11 many many JJ 43297 1062 12 German german JJ 43297 1062 13 and and CC 43297 1062 14 French french JJ 43297 1062 15 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 1062 16 and and CC 43297 1062 17 the the DT 43297 1062 18 china china NNP 43297 1062 19 clays clay NNS 43297 1062 20 of of IN 43297 1062 21 Cornwall Cornwall NNP 43297 1062 22 , , , 43297 1062 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1062 24 is be VBZ 43297 1062 25 the the DT 43297 1062 26 custom custom NN 43297 1062 27 in in IN 43297 1062 28 Europe Europe NNP 43297 1062 29 generally generally RB 43297 1062 30 to to IN 43297 1062 31 term term VB 43297 1062 32 all all PDT 43297 1062 33 these these DT 43297 1062 34 materials material NNS 43297 1062 35 ' ' POS 43297 1062 36 kaolin kaolin NN 43297 1062 37 . . . 43297 1062 38 ' ' '' 43297 1063 1 Yet yet CC 43297 1063 2 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1063 3 are be VBP 43297 1063 4 very very RB 43297 1063 5 different different JJ 43297 1063 6 in in IN 43297 1063 7 many many JJ 43297 1063 8 respects respect NNS 43297 1063 9 from from IN 43297 1063 10 the the DT 43297 1063 11 material material NN 43297 1063 12 originally originally RB 43297 1063 13 imported import VBN 43297 1063 14 from from IN 43297 1063 15 China China NNP 43297 1063 16 . . . 43297 1064 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 1064 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 43297 1064 3 13 13 CD 43297 1064 4 : : : 43297 1064 5 _ _ NNP 43297 1064 6 Kao Kao NNP 43297 1064 7 - - HYPH 43297 1064 8 ling ling NNP 43297 1064 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1064 10 is be VBZ 43297 1064 11 Chinese chinese JJ 43297 1064 12 for for IN 43297 1064 13 a a DT 43297 1064 14 high high JJ 43297 1064 15 ridge ridge NN 43297 1064 16 or or CC 43297 1064 17 hill hill NN 43297 1064 18 . . . 43297 1064 19 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1065 1 As as IN 43297 1065 2 the the DT 43297 1065 3 essential essential JJ 43297 1065 4 clay clay NN 43297 1065 5 substance substance NN 43297 1065 6 has have VBZ 43297 1065 7 not not RB 43297 1065 8 yet yet RB 43297 1065 9 been be VBN 43297 1065 10 isolated isolate VBN 43297 1065 11 in in IN 43297 1065 12 a a DT 43297 1065 13 pure pure JJ 43297 1065 14 form form NN 43297 1065 15 from from IN 43297 1065 16 the the DT 43297 1065 17 most most RBS 43297 1065 18 widely widely RB 43297 1065 19 spread spread VBN 43297 1065 20 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1065 21 clays clay NNS 43297 1065 22 , , , 43297 1065 23 but but CC 43297 1065 24 is be VBZ 43297 1065 25 largely largely RB 43297 1065 26 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 43297 1065 27 as as RB 43297 1065 28 far far RB 43297 1065 29 as as IN 43297 1065 30 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1065 31 are be VBP 43297 1065 32 concerned concern VBN 43297 1065 33 , , , 43297 1065 34 the the DT 43297 1065 35 author author NN 43297 1065 36 prefers prefer VBZ 43297 1065 37 the the DT 43297 1065 38 term term NN 43297 1065 39 _ _ NNP 43297 1065 40 pelinite_[14 pelinite_[14 NNP 43297 1065 41 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1065 42 when when WRB 43297 1065 43 referring refer VBG 43297 1065 44 to to IN 43297 1065 45 that that DT 43297 1065 46 portion portion NN 43297 1065 47 of of IN 43297 1065 48 any any DT 43297 1065 49 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1065 50 clays clay NNS 43297 1065 51 or or CC 43297 1065 52 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 1065 53 of of IN 43297 1065 54 clays clay NNS 43297 1065 55 with with IN 43297 1065 56 other other JJ 43297 1065 57 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1065 58 which which WDT 43297 1065 59 may may MD 43297 1065 60 be be VB 43297 1065 61 regarded regard VBN 43297 1065 62 as as IN 43297 1065 63 being be VBG 43297 1065 64 the the DT 43297 1065 65 constituent constituent NN 43297 1065 66 to to TO 43297 1065 67 which which WDT 43297 1065 68 the the DT 43297 1065 69 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 1065 70 portion portion NN 43297 1065 71 of of IN 43297 1065 72 the the DT 43297 1065 73 material material NN 43297 1065 74 owes owe VBZ 43297 1065 75 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1065 76 chief chief JJ 43297 1065 77 properties property NNS 43297 1065 78 . . . 43297 1066 1 In in IN 43297 1066 2 china china NNP 43297 1066 3 clay clay NNP 43297 1066 4 and and CC 43297 1066 5 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 1066 6 the the DT 43297 1066 7 ' ' `` 43297 1066 8 true true JJ 43297 1066 9 clay clay NN 43297 1066 10 ' ' '' 43297 1066 11 is be VBZ 43297 1066 12 identical identical JJ 43297 1066 13 with with IN 43297 1066 14 clayite clayite NN 43297 1066 15 -- -- : 43297 1066 16 or or CC 43297 1066 17 even even RB 43297 1066 18 with with IN 43297 1066 19 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1066 20 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1066 21 p. p. NN 43297 1066 22 108)--and 108)--and CD 43297 1066 23 there there EX 43297 1066 24 is be VBZ 43297 1066 25 great great JJ 43297 1066 26 probability probability NN 43297 1066 27 that that IN 43297 1066 28 this this DT 43297 1066 29 identity identity NN 43297 1066 30 also also RB 43297 1066 31 holds hold VBZ 43297 1066 32 in in IN 43297 1066 33 the the DT 43297 1066 34 case case NN 43297 1066 35 of of IN 43297 1066 36 the the DT 43297 1066 37 more more RBR 43297 1066 38 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1066 39 clays clay NNS 43297 1066 40 of of IN 43297 1066 41 other other JJ 43297 1066 42 geological geological JJ 43297 1066 43 formations formation NNS 43297 1066 44 , , , 43297 1066 45 but but CC 43297 1066 46 until until IN 43297 1066 47 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1066 48 is be VBZ 43297 1066 49 established establish VBN 43297 1066 50 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1066 51 appears appear VBZ 43297 1066 52 wisest wise JJS 43297 1066 53 to to TO 43297 1066 54 distinguish distinguish VB 43297 1066 55 the the DT 43297 1066 56 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 43297 1066 57 or or CC 43297 1066 58 ideal ideal JJ 43297 1066 59 clay clay NN 43297 1066 60 common common JJ 43297 1066 61 to to IN 43297 1066 62 all all DT 43297 1066 63 clays clay NNS 43297 1066 64 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1066 65 if if IN 43297 1066 66 there there EX 43297 1066 67 is be VBZ 43297 1066 68 such such PDT 43297 1066 69 a a DT 43297 1066 70 substance substance NN 43297 1066 71 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1066 72 by by IN 43297 1066 73 different different JJ 43297 1066 74 terms term NNS 43297 1066 75 according accord VBG 43297 1066 76 to to IN 43297 1066 77 the the DT 43297 1066 78 extent extent NN 43297 1066 79 to to TO 43297 1066 80 which which WDT 43297 1066 81 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1066 82 composition composition NN 43297 1066 83 and and CC 43297 1066 84 characters character NNS 43297 1066 85 of of IN 43297 1066 86 the the DT 43297 1066 87 materials material NNS 43297 1066 88 most most RBS 43297 1066 89 closely closely RB 43297 1066 90 resembling resemble VBG 43297 1066 91 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1066 92 are be VBP 43297 1066 93 experimentally experimentally RB 43297 1066 94 known know VBN 43297 1066 95 . . . 43297 1067 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 1067 2 Footnote footnote NN 43297 1067 3 14 14 CD 43297 1067 4 : : : 43297 1067 5 From from IN 43297 1067 6 the the DT 43297 1067 7 [ [ -LRB- 43297 1067 8 Greek Greek NNP 43297 1067 9 : : : 43297 1067 10 pêlinos pêlinos NNP 43297 1067 11 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1067 12 = = CC 43297 1067 13 made make VBN 43297 1067 14 of of IN 43297 1067 15 clay clay NN 43297 1067 16 . . . 43297 1067 17 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1068 1 The the DT 43297 1068 2 substances substance NNS 43297 1068 3 most most RBS 43297 1068 4 resembling resemble VBG 43297 1068 5 this this DT 43297 1068 6 ' ' `` 43297 1068 7 ideal ideal JJ 43297 1068 8 clay clay NN 43297 1068 9 ' ' '' 43297 1068 10 which which WDT 43297 1068 11 have have VBP 43297 1068 12 , , , 43297 1068 13 up up RB 43297 1068 14 to to IN 43297 1068 15 the the DT 43297 1068 16 present present NN 43297 1068 17 been be VBN 43297 1068 18 isolated isolate VBN 43297 1068 19 , , , 43297 1068 20 are be VBP 43297 1068 21 : : : 43297 1068 22 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1068 23 _ _ NNP 43297 1068 24 a a DT 43297 1068 25 _ _ NNP 43297 1068 26 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1068 27 _ _ NNP 43297 1068 28 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 1068 29 . . . 43297 1068 30 _ _ NNP 43297 1068 31 Found Found NNP 43297 1068 32 in in IN 43297 1068 33 a a DT 43297 1068 34 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 1068 35 form form NN 43297 1068 36 in in IN 43297 1068 37 china china NNP 43297 1068 38 clays clay NNS 43297 1068 39 and and CC 43297 1068 40 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1068 41 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1068 42 p. p. NN 43297 1068 43 107 107 CD 43297 1068 44 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1068 45 . . . 43297 1069 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1069 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1069 3 b b NNP 43297 1069 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1069 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1069 6 _ _ NNP 43297 1069 7 Clayite Clayite NNP 43297 1069 8 . . . 43297 1069 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1069 10 A a DT 43297 1069 11 material material NN 43297 1069 12 of of IN 43297 1069 13 the the DT 43297 1069 14 same same JJ 43297 1069 15 chemical chemical JJ 43297 1069 16 composition composition NN 43297 1069 17 as as IN 43297 1069 18 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1069 19 , , , 43297 1069 20 but but CC 43297 1069 21 whose whose WP$ 43297 1069 22 crystalline crystalline JJ 43297 1069 23 nature nature NN 43297 1069 24 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1069 25 if if IN 43297 1069 26 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1069 27 be be VBP 43297 1069 28 crystalline crystalline JJ 43297 1069 29 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1069 30 has have VBZ 43297 1069 31 not not RB 43297 1069 32 been be VBN 43297 1069 33 identified identify VBN 43297 1069 34 -- -- : 43297 1069 35 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 1069 36 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1069 37 from from IN 43297 1069 38 china china NNP 43297 1069 39 clays clay NNS 43297 1069 40 and and CC 43297 1069 41 kaolins kaolins NNP 43297 1069 42 . . . 43297 1070 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1070 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1070 3 c c NNP 43297 1070 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1070 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1070 6 _ _ NNP 43297 1070 7 Pelinite Pelinite NNP 43297 1070 8 . . . 43297 1070 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1070 10 A a DT 43297 1070 11 material material NN 43297 1070 12 similar similar JJ 43297 1070 13 to to TO 43297 1070 14 clayite clayite VB 43297 1070 15 , , , 43297 1070 16 but but CC 43297 1070 17 differing differ VBG 43297 1070 18 from from IN 43297 1070 19 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1070 20 in in IN 43297 1070 21 being be VBG 43297 1070 22 highly highly RB 43297 1070 23 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1070 24 and and CC 43297 1070 25 , , , 43297 1070 26 to to IN 43297 1070 27 some some DT 43297 1070 28 extent extent NN 43297 1070 29 , , , 43297 1070 30 of of IN 43297 1070 31 a a DT 43297 1070 32 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1070 33 nature nature NN 43297 1070 34 -- -- : 43297 1070 35 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1070 36 from from IN 43297 1070 37 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1070 38 clays clay NNS 43297 1070 39 . . . 43297 1071 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1071 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1071 3 d d NNP 43297 1071 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1071 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1071 6 _ _ NNP 43297 1071 7 Laterite Laterite NNP 43297 1071 8 . . . 43297 1071 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1071 10 A a DT 43297 1071 11 material material NN 43297 1071 12 resembling resemble VBG 43297 1071 13 clayite clayite NN 43297 1071 14 in in IN 43297 1071 15 physical physical JJ 43297 1071 16 appearance appearance NN 43297 1071 17 , , , 43297 1071 18 but but CC 43297 1071 19 containing contain VBG 43297 1071 20 free free JJ 43297 1071 21 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1071 22 and and CC 43297 1071 23 free free NNP 43297 1071 24 silica silica NNP 43297 1071 25 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1071 26 p. p. NN 43297 1071 27 80 80 CD 43297 1071 28 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1071 29 . . . 43297 1072 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1072 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1072 3 e e NNP 43297 1072 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1072 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1072 6 _ _ NNP 43297 1072 7 Clay Clay NNP 43297 1072 8 Substance Substance NNP 43297 1072 9 . . . 43297 1072 10 _ _ NNP 43297 1072 11 A a DT 43297 1072 12 general general JJ 43297 1072 13 term term NN 43297 1072 14 indicating indicate VBG 43297 1072 15 any any DT 43297 1072 16 of of IN 43297 1072 17 the the DT 43297 1072 18 foregoing foregoing NN 43297 1072 19 or or CC 43297 1072 20 a a DT 43297 1072 21 mixture mixture NN 43297 1072 22 of of IN 43297 1072 23 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1072 24 ; ; : 43297 1072 25 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1072 26 is be VBZ 43297 1072 27 also also RB 43297 1072 28 applied apply VBN 43297 1072 29 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1072 30 unwisely unwisely RB 43297 1072 31 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1072 32 to to IN 43297 1072 33 the the DT 43297 1072 34 material material NN 43297 1072 35 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1072 36 when when WRB 43297 1072 37 a a DT 43297 1072 38 natural natural JJ 43297 1072 39 clay clay NN 43297 1072 40 is be VBZ 43297 1072 41 freed free VBN 43297 1072 42 from from IN 43297 1072 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1072 44 coarser coarser NN 43297 1072 45 impurities impurity NNS 43297 1072 46 by by IN 43297 1072 47 elutriation elutriation NN 43297 1072 48 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1072 49 p. p. NN 43297 1072 50 7 7 CD 43297 1072 51 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1072 52 . . . 43297 1073 1 The the DT 43297 1073 2 Chief Chief NNP 43297 1073 3 Characteristics Characteristics NNPS 43297 1073 4 of of IN 43297 1073 5 ' ' `` 43297 1073 6 True True NNP 43297 1073 7 Clay Clay NNP 43297 1073 8 ' ' '' 43297 1073 9 from from IN 43297 1073 10 Different Different NNP 43297 1073 11 Sources Sources NNPS 43297 1073 12 . . . 43297 1074 1 In in IN 43297 1074 2 so so RB 43297 1074 3 far far RB 43297 1074 4 as as IN 43297 1074 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1074 6 can can MD 43297 1074 7 be be VB 43297 1074 8 isolated isolate VBN 43297 1074 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1074 10 true true JJ 43297 1074 11 clay clay NN 43297 1074 12 _ _ NNP 43297 1074 13 appears appear VBZ 43297 1074 14 to to TO 43297 1074 15 be be VB 43297 1074 16 an an DT 43297 1074 17 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1074 18 , , , 43297 1074 19 or or CC 43297 1074 20 practically practically RB 43297 1074 21 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1074 22 , , , 43297 1074 23 material material NN 43297 1074 24 which which WDT 43297 1074 25 may may MD 43297 1074 26 under under IN 43297 1074 27 suitable suitable JJ 43297 1074 28 conditions condition NNS 43297 1074 29 crystallize crystallize VBP 43297 1074 30 into into IN 43297 1074 31 rhombic rhombic JJ 43297 1074 32 plates plate NNS 43297 1074 33 of of IN 43297 1074 34 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1074 35 . . . 43297 1075 1 The the DT 43297 1075 2 particles particle NNS 43297 1075 3 of of IN 43297 1075 4 which which WDT 43297 1075 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1075 6 is be VBZ 43297 1075 7 composed compose VBN 43297 1075 8 are be VBP 43297 1075 9 extremely extremely RB 43297 1075 10 small small JJ 43297 1075 11 , , , 43297 1075 12 being be VBG 43297 1075 13 always always RB 43297 1075 14 less less JJR 43297 1075 15 than than IN 43297 1075 16 0·0004 0·0004 NNS 43297 1075 17 in in RB 43297 1075 18 . . . 43297 1076 1 in in IN 43297 1076 2 diameter diameter NN 43297 1076 3 . . . 43297 1077 1 They -PRON- PRP 43297 1077 2 adsorb adsorb VBP 43297 1077 3 dyes dye NNS 43297 1077 4 from from IN 43297 1077 5 solutions solution NNS 43297 1077 6 and and CC 43297 1077 7 show show VBP 43297 1077 8 other other JJ 43297 1077 9 properties property NNS 43297 1077 10 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 1077 11 of of IN 43297 1077 12 colloid colloid JJ 43297 1077 13 substances substance NNS 43297 1077 14 though though IN 43297 1077 15 in in IN 43297 1077 16 a a DT 43297 1077 17 very very RB 43297 1077 18 variable variable JJ 43297 1077 19 degree degree NN 43297 1077 20 , , , 43297 1077 21 some some DT 43297 1077 22 clays clay NNS 43297 1077 23 appearing appear VBG 43297 1077 24 to to TO 43297 1077 25 contain contain VB 43297 1077 26 a a DT 43297 1077 27 much much RB 43297 1077 28 larger large JJR 43297 1077 29 proportion proportion NN 43297 1077 30 of of IN 43297 1077 31 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1077 32 matter matter NN 43297 1077 33 than than IN 43297 1077 34 do do VBP 43297 1077 35 others other NNS 43297 1077 36 . . . 43297 1078 1 To to IN 43297 1078 2 some some DT 43297 1078 3 extent extent NN 43297 1078 4 the the DT 43297 1078 5 power power NN 43297 1078 6 of of IN 43297 1078 7 adsorption adsorption NN 43297 1078 8 of of IN 43297 1078 9 salts salt NNS 43297 1078 10 and and CC 43297 1078 11 colouring colouring NN 43297 1078 12 matters matter NNS 43297 1078 13 appears appear VBZ 43297 1078 14 to to TO 43297 1078 15 be be VB 43297 1078 16 connected connect VBN 43297 1078 17 with with IN 43297 1078 18 the the DT 43297 1078 19 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 1078 20 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1078 21 p. p. NN 43297 1078 22 41 41 CD 43297 1078 23 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1078 24 of of IN 43297 1078 25 the the DT 43297 1078 26 material material NN 43297 1078 27 , , , 43297 1078 28 but but CC 43297 1078 29 this this DT 43297 1078 30 latter latter JJ 43297 1078 31 property property NN 43297 1078 32 varies varie NNS 43297 1078 33 so so RB 43297 1078 34 greatly greatly RB 43297 1078 35 in in IN 43297 1078 36 clayite clayite NN 43297 1078 37 or or CC 43297 1078 38 pelinite pelinite NN 43297 1078 39 from from IN 43297 1078 40 different different JJ 43297 1078 41 sources source NNS 43297 1078 42 as as IN 43297 1078 43 to to TO 43297 1078 44 make make VB 43297 1078 45 any any DT 43297 1078 46 generalization generalization NN 43297 1078 47 impossible impossible JJ 43297 1078 48 . . . 43297 1079 1 True true JJ 43297 1079 2 clay clay NN 43297 1079 3 substance substance NN 43297 1079 4 appears appear VBZ 43297 1079 5 to to TO 43297 1079 6 be be VB 43297 1079 7 quite quite RB 43297 1079 8 white white JJ 43297 1079 9 , , , 43297 1079 10 any any DT 43297 1079 11 colour colour NN 43297 1079 12 present present NN 43297 1079 13 being be VBG 43297 1079 14 almost almost RB 43297 1079 15 invariably invariably RB 43297 1079 16 traceable traceable JJ 43297 1079 17 to to IN 43297 1079 18 ferric ferric JJ 43297 1079 19 compounds compound NNS 43297 1079 20 or or CC 43297 1079 21 to to IN 43297 1079 22 carbonaceous carbonaceous JJ 43297 1079 23 matter matter NN 43297 1079 24 . . . 43297 1080 1 The the DT 43297 1080 2 latter latter JJ 43297 1080 3 is be VBZ 43297 1080 4 of of IN 43297 1080 5 small small JJ 43297 1080 6 importance importance NN 43297 1080 7 to to IN 43297 1080 8 potters potter NNS 43297 1080 9 as as IN 43297 1080 10 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1080 11 burns burn VBZ 43297 1080 12 away away RB 43297 1080 13 in in IN 43297 1080 14 the the DT 43297 1080 15 kiln kiln NN 43297 1080 16 . . . 43297 1081 1 The the DT 43297 1081 2 specific specific JJ 43297 1081 3 gravity gravity NN 43297 1081 4 of of IN 43297 1081 5 clay clay NN 43297 1081 6 substance substance NN 43297 1081 7 is be VBZ 43297 1081 8 2·65 2·65 CD 43297 1081 9 according accord VBG 43297 1081 10 to to IN 43297 1081 11 Hecht Hecht NNP 43297 1081 12 , , , 43297 1081 13 the the DT 43297 1081 14 lower low JJR 43297 1081 15 figures figure NNS 43297 1081 16 sometimes sometimes RB 43297 1081 17 reported report VBD 43297 1081 18 being be VBG 43297 1081 19 too too RB 43297 1081 20 low low JJ 43297 1081 21 . . . 43297 1082 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1082 2 hardness hardness NN 43297 1082 3 is be VBZ 43297 1082 4 usually usually RB 43297 1082 5 less less JJR 43297 1082 6 than than IN 43297 1082 7 that that DT 43297 1082 8 of of IN 43297 1082 9 talc talc NN 43297 1082 10 -- -- : 43297 1082 11 the the DT 43297 1082 12 softest soft JJS 43297 1082 13 substance substance NN 43297 1082 14 on on IN 43297 1082 15 Mohs Mohs NNP 43297 1082 16 ' ' POS 43297 1082 17 scale scale NN 43297 1082 18 -- -- : 43297 1082 19 but but CC 43297 1082 20 some some DT 43297 1082 21 shales shale NNS 43297 1082 22 are be VBP 43297 1082 23 so so RB 43297 1082 24 indurated indurated JJ 43297 1082 25 as as IN 43297 1082 26 to to TO 43297 1082 27 scratch scratch VB 43297 1082 28 quartz quartz NN 43297 1082 29 . . . 43297 1083 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 1083 2 is be VBZ 43297 1083 3 quite quite RB 43297 1083 4 insoluble insoluble JJ 43297 1083 5 in in IN 43297 1083 6 water water NN 43297 1083 7 and and CC 43297 1083 8 in in IN 43297 1083 9 dilute dilute JJ 43297 1083 10 solutions solution NNS 43297 1083 11 of of IN 43297 1083 12 acids acid NNS 43297 1083 13 or or CC 43297 1083 14 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1083 15 , , , 43297 1083 16 but but CC 43297 1083 17 is be VBZ 43297 1083 18 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 1083 19 by by IN 43297 1083 20 hydrofluoric hydrofluoric NN 43297 1083 21 acid acid NN 43297 1083 22 and and CC 43297 1083 23 by by IN 43297 1083 24 concentrated concentrated JJ 43297 1083 25 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 1083 26 acid acid NN 43297 1083 27 when when WRB 43297 1083 28 heated heat VBN 43297 1083 29 , , , 43297 1083 30 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1083 31 entering enter VBG 43297 1083 32 into into IN 43297 1083 33 solution solution NN 43297 1083 34 and and CC 43297 1083 35 silica silica NN 43297 1083 36 being be VBG 43297 1083 37 precipitated precipitate VBN 43297 1083 38 in in IN 43297 1083 39 a a DT 43297 1083 40 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1083 41 condition condition NN 43297 1083 42 . . . 43297 1084 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 1084 2 absorbs absorb VBZ 43297 1084 3 water water NN 43297 1084 4 easily easily RB 43297 1084 5 until until IN 43297 1084 6 a a DT 43297 1084 7 definite definite JJ 43297 1084 8 state state NN 43297 1084 9 of of IN 43297 1084 10 saturation saturation NN 43297 1084 11 has have VBZ 43297 1084 12 been be VBN 43297 1084 13 reached reach VBN 43297 1084 14 , , , 43297 1084 15 after after IN 43297 1084 16 which which WDT 43297 1084 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1084 18 becomes become VBZ 43297 1084 19 impervious impervious JJ 43297 1084 20 unless unless IN 43297 1084 21 the the DT 43297 1084 22 proportion proportion NN 43297 1084 23 of of IN 43297 1084 24 water water NN 43297 1084 25 is be VBZ 43297 1084 26 so so RB 43297 1084 27 large large JJ 43297 1084 28 and and CC 43297 1084 29 the the DT 43297 1084 30 time time NN 43297 1084 31 of of IN 43297 1084 32 exposure exposure NN 43297 1084 33 so so RB 43297 1084 34 great great JJ 43297 1084 35 that that IN 43297 1084 36 the the DT 43297 1084 37 material material NN 43297 1084 38 falls fall VBZ 43297 1084 39 to to IN 43297 1084 40 an an DT 43297 1084 41 irregular irregular JJ 43297 1084 42 mass mass NN 43297 1084 43 which which WDT 43297 1084 44 may may MD 43297 1084 45 be be VB 43297 1084 46 converted convert VBN 43297 1084 47 into into IN 43297 1084 48 a a DT 43297 1084 49 slurry slurry NN 43297 1084 50 of of IN 43297 1084 51 uniform uniform JJ 43297 1084 52 consistency consistency NN 43297 1084 53 by by IN 43297 1084 54 gently gently RB 43297 1084 55 stirring stir VBG 43297 1084 56 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1084 57 . . . 43297 1085 1 With with IN 43297 1085 2 a a DT 43297 1085 3 moderate moderate JJ 43297 1085 4 amount amount NN 43297 1085 5 of of IN 43297 1085 6 water water NN 43297 1085 7 , , , 43297 1085 8 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1085 9 develops develop VBZ 43297 1085 10 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 1085 11 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 1085 12 to to TO 43297 1085 13 enable enable VB 43297 1085 14 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1085 15 to to TO 43297 1085 16 be be VB 43297 1085 17 modelled model VBN 43297 1085 18 with with IN 43297 1085 19 facility facility NN 43297 1085 20 , , , 43297 1085 21 but but CC 43297 1085 22 clayite clayite NN 43297 1085 23 and and CC 43297 1085 24 some some DT 43297 1085 25 specimens specimen NNS 43297 1085 26 of of IN 43297 1085 27 pelinite pelinite NN 43297 1085 28 are be VBP 43297 1085 29 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 1085 30 deficient deficient JJ 43297 1085 31 in in IN 43297 1085 32 this this DT 43297 1085 33 respect respect NN 43297 1085 34 . . . 43297 1086 1 The the DT 43297 1086 2 pelinitic pelinitic JJ 43297 1086 3 particles particle NNS 43297 1086 4 usually usually RB 43297 1086 5 possess possess VBP 43297 1086 6 the the DT 43297 1086 7 capacity capacity NN 43297 1086 8 to to TO 43297 1086 9 retain retain VB 43297 1086 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1086 11 plasticity plasticity NN 43297 1086 12 after after IN 43297 1086 13 being be VBG 43297 1086 14 mixed mix VBN 43297 1086 15 with with IN 43297 1086 16 considerable considerable JJ 43297 1086 17 proportions proportion NNS 43297 1086 18 of of IN 43297 1086 19 sand sand NN 43297 1086 20 or or CC 43297 1086 21 other other JJ 43297 1086 22 non non JJ 43297 1086 23 - - JJ 43297 1086 24 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1086 25 material material NN 43297 1086 26 and and CC 43297 1086 27 are be VBP 43297 1086 28 then then RB 43297 1086 29 said say VBN 43297 1086 30 to to TO 43297 1086 31 possess possess VB 43297 1086 32 a a DT 43297 1086 33 high high JJ 43297 1086 34 binding bind VBG 43297 1086 35 power power NN 43297 1086 36 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1086 37 p. p. NN 43297 1086 38 28 28 CD 43297 1086 39 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1086 40 . . . 43297 1087 1 If if IN 43297 1087 2 a a DT 43297 1087 3 large large JJ 43297 1087 4 proportion proportion NN 43297 1087 5 of of IN 43297 1087 6 water water NN 43297 1087 7 is be VBZ 43297 1087 8 added add VBN 43297 1087 9 to to IN 43297 1087 10 a a DT 43297 1087 11 sample sample NN 43297 1087 12 of of IN 43297 1087 13 clayite clayite NN 43297 1087 14 or or CC 43297 1087 15 pelinite pelinite NN 43297 1087 16 and and CC 43297 1087 17 the the DT 43297 1087 18 mixture mixture NN 43297 1087 19 is be VBZ 43297 1087 20 stirred stir VBN 43297 1087 21 into into IN 43297 1087 22 a a DT 43297 1087 23 slurry slurry NN 43297 1087 24 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1087 25 will will MD 43297 1087 26 be be VB 43297 1087 27 found find VBN 43297 1087 28 to to TO 43297 1087 29 remain remain VB 43297 1087 30 turbid turbid JJ 43297 1087 31 for for IN 43297 1087 32 a a DT 43297 1087 33 considerable considerable JJ 43297 1087 34 time time NN 43297 1087 35 and and CC 43297 1087 36 will will MD 43297 1087 37 not not RB 43297 1087 38 become become VB 43297 1087 39 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 1087 40 clear clear JJ 43297 1087 41 even even RB 43297 1087 42 after after IN 43297 1087 43 the the DT 43297 1087 44 lapse lapse NN 43297 1087 45 of of IN 43297 1087 46 several several JJ 43297 1087 47 days day NNS 43297 1087 48 . . . 43297 1088 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1088 2 power power NN 43297 1088 3 of of IN 43297 1088 4 remaining remain VBG 43297 1088 5 in in IN 43297 1088 6 suspension suspension NN 43297 1088 7 is be VBZ 43297 1088 8 much much RB 43297 1088 9 influenced influence VBN 43297 1088 10 by by IN 43297 1088 11 the the DT 43297 1088 12 presence presence NN 43297 1088 13 of of IN 43297 1088 14 even even RB 43297 1088 15 small small JJ 43297 1088 16 amounts amount NNS 43297 1088 17 of of IN 43297 1088 18 soluble soluble JJ 43297 1088 19 salts salt NNS 43297 1088 20 in in IN 43297 1088 21 either either CC 43297 1088 22 the the DT 43297 1088 23 water water NN 43297 1088 24 or or CC 43297 1088 25 the the DT 43297 1088 26 clay clay NN 43297 1088 27 substance substance NN 43297 1088 28 , , , 43297 1088 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1088 30 precipitation precipitation NN 43297 1088 31 being be VBG 43297 1088 32 hastened hasten VBN 43297 1088 33 by by IN 43297 1088 34 the the DT 43297 1088 35 addition addition NN 43297 1088 36 of of IN 43297 1088 37 such such JJ 43297 1088 38 salts salt NNS 43297 1088 39 as as IN 43297 1088 40 cause cause VB 43297 1088 41 a a DT 43297 1088 42 partial partial JJ 43297 1088 43 coagulation coagulation NN 43297 1088 44 of of IN 43297 1088 45 the the DT 43297 1088 46 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1088 47 matter matter NN 43297 1088 48 present present JJ 43297 1088 49 . . . 43297 1089 1 Some some DT 43297 1089 2 specimens specimen NNS 43297 1089 3 of of IN 43297 1089 4 clayite clayite NN 43297 1089 5 and and CC 43297 1089 6 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1089 7 retain retain VBP 43297 1089 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1089 9 suspensibility suspensibility NN 43297 1089 10 even even RB 43297 1089 11 in in IN 43297 1089 12 the the DT 43297 1089 13 presence presence NN 43297 1089 14 of of IN 43297 1089 15 salts salt NNS 43297 1089 16 , , , 43297 1089 17 but but CC 43297 1089 18 this this DT 43297 1089 19 is be VBZ 43297 1089 20 only only RB 43297 1089 21 true true JJ 43297 1089 22 of of IN 43297 1089 23 a a DT 43297 1089 24 very very RB 43297 1089 25 limited limited JJ 43297 1089 26 proportion proportion NN 43297 1089 27 of of IN 43297 1089 28 the the DT 43297 1089 29 substance substance NN 43297 1089 30 . . . 43297 1090 1 In in IN 43297 1090 2 most most JJS 43297 1090 3 cases case NNS 43297 1090 4 the the DT 43297 1090 5 presence presence NN 43297 1090 6 of of IN 43297 1090 7 soluble soluble JJ 43297 1090 8 salts salt NNS 43297 1090 9 causes cause VBZ 43297 1090 10 the the DT 43297 1090 11 larger large JJR 43297 1090 12 particles particle NNS 43297 1090 13 to to TO 43297 1090 14 sink sink VB 43297 1090 15 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 1090 16 rapidly rapidly RB 43297 1090 17 and and CC 43297 1090 18 to to TO 43297 1090 19 carry carry VB 43297 1090 20 the the DT 43297 1090 21 finer fine JJR 43297 1090 22 particles particle NNS 43297 1090 23 with with IN 43297 1090 24 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1090 25 . . . 43297 1091 1 The the DT 43297 1091 2 rate rate NN 43297 1091 3 at at IN 43297 1091 4 which which WDT 43297 1091 5 a a DT 43297 1091 6 slip slip NN 43297 1091 7 or or CC 43297 1091 8 ' ' `` 43297 1091 9 cream cream NN 43297 1091 10 ' ' '' 43297 1091 11 made make VBN 43297 1091 12 of of IN 43297 1091 13 elutriated elutriate VBN 43297 1091 14 clay clay NN 43297 1091 15 and and CC 43297 1091 16 water water NN 43297 1091 17 will will MD 43297 1091 18 flow flow VB 43297 1091 19 through through IN 43297 1091 20 a a DT 43297 1091 21 small small JJ 43297 1091 22 orifice orifice NN 43297 1091 23 is be VBZ 43297 1091 24 dependent dependent JJ 43297 1091 25 on on IN 43297 1091 26 the the DT 43297 1091 27 viscosity viscosity NN 43297 1091 28 of of IN 43297 1091 29 the the DT 43297 1091 30 liquid liquid NN 43297 1091 31 and and CC 43297 1091 32 this this DT 43297 1091 33 in in IN 43297 1091 34 turn turn NN 43297 1091 35 depends depend VBZ 43297 1091 36 on on IN 43297 1091 37 the the DT 43297 1091 38 amount amount NN 43297 1091 39 of of IN 43297 1091 40 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1091 41 material material NN 43297 1091 42 present present NN 43297 1091 43 , , , 43297 1091 44 _ _ NNP 43297 1091 45 i.e. i.e. FW 43297 1091 46 _ _ NNP 43297 1091 47 on on IN 43297 1091 48 how how WRB 43297 1091 49 much much JJ 43297 1091 50 of of IN 43297 1091 51 the the DT 43297 1091 52 clay clay NN 43297 1091 53 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1091 54 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1091 55 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1091 56 is be VBZ 43297 1091 57 in in IN 43297 1091 58 a a DT 43297 1091 59 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1091 60 form form NN 43297 1091 61 . . . 43297 1092 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1092 2 viscosity viscosity NN 43297 1092 3 is be VBZ 43297 1092 4 greatly greatly RB 43297 1092 5 affected affect VBN 43297 1092 6 by by IN 43297 1092 7 the the DT 43297 1092 8 addition addition NN 43297 1092 9 or or CC 43297 1092 10 presence presence NN 43297 1092 11 of of IN 43297 1092 12 small small JJ 43297 1092 13 quantities quantity NNS 43297 1092 14 of of IN 43297 1092 15 acid acid NN 43297 1092 16 or or CC 43297 1092 17 alkali alkali JJ 43297 1092 18 or or CC 43297 1092 19 of of IN 43297 1092 20 acidic acidic JJ 43297 1092 21 or or CC 43297 1092 22 basic basic JJ 43297 1092 23 salts salt NNS 43297 1092 24 . . . 43297 1093 1 Acids acid NNS 43297 1093 2 increase increase VBP 43297 1093 3 the the DT 43297 1093 4 viscosity viscosity NN 43297 1093 5 ; ; : 43297 1093 6 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1093 7 and and CC 43297 1093 8 basic basic JJ 43297 1093 9 salts salt NNS 43297 1093 10 , , , 43297 1093 11 on on IN 43297 1093 12 the the DT 43297 1093 13 contrary contrary NN 43297 1093 14 , , , 43297 1093 15 make make VB 43297 1093 16 the the DT 43297 1093 17 slip slip NN 43297 1093 18 more more RBR 43297 1093 19 fluid fluid JJ 43297 1093 20 . . . 43297 1094 1 Neutral neutral JJ 43297 1094 2 salts salt NNS 43297 1094 3 behave behave VBP 43297 1094 4 in in IN 43297 1094 5 different different JJ 43297 1094 6 ways way NNS 43297 1094 7 according accord VBG 43297 1094 8 to to IN 43297 1094 9 the the DT 43297 1094 10 concentration concentration NN 43297 1094 11 of of IN 43297 1094 12 the the DT 43297 1094 13 solution solution NN 43297 1094 14 and and CC 43297 1094 15 to to IN 43297 1094 16 the the DT 43297 1094 17 amount amount NN 43297 1094 18 of of IN 43297 1094 19 clay clay NN 43297 1094 20 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1094 21 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1094 22 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1094 23 present present JJ 43297 1094 24 in in IN 43297 1094 25 the the DT 43297 1094 26 slip slip NN 43297 1094 27 . . . 43297 1095 1 If if IN 43297 1095 2 the the DT 43297 1095 3 slip slip NN 43297 1095 4 contains contain VBZ 43297 1095 5 so so RB 43297 1095 6 little little JJ 43297 1095 7 water water NN 43297 1095 8 as as IN 43297 1095 9 to to TO 43297 1095 10 be be VB 43297 1095 11 in in IN 43297 1095 12 the the DT 43297 1095 13 form form NN 43297 1095 14 of of IN 43297 1095 15 a a DT 43297 1095 16 thin thin JJ 43297 1095 17 paste paste NN 43297 1095 18 , , , 43297 1095 19 neutral neutral JJ 43297 1095 20 salts salt NNS 43297 1095 21 usually usually RB 43297 1095 22 have have VBP 43297 1095 23 but but CC 43297 1095 24 a a DT 43297 1095 25 small small JJ 43297 1095 26 action action NN 43297 1095 27 , , , 43297 1095 28 but but CC 43297 1095 29 when when WRB 43297 1095 30 the the DT 43297 1095 31 slip slip NN 43297 1095 32 contains contain VBZ 43297 1095 33 only only RB 43297 1095 34 a a DT 43297 1095 35 small small JJ 43297 1095 36 proportion proportion NN 43297 1095 37 of of IN 43297 1095 38 clay clay NN 43297 1095 39 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1095 40 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1095 41 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1095 42 the the DT 43297 1095 43 presence presence NN 43297 1095 44 of of IN 43297 1095 45 neutral neutral JJ 43297 1095 46 salts salt NNS 43297 1095 47 will will MD 43297 1095 48 tend tend VB 43297 1095 49 to to TO 43297 1095 50 cause cause VB 43297 1095 51 the the DT 43297 1095 52 precipitation precipitation NN 43297 1095 53 of of IN 43297 1095 54 the the DT 43297 1095 55 clay clay NN 43297 1095 56 . . . 43297 1096 1 In in IN 43297 1096 2 this this DT 43297 1096 3 way way NN 43297 1096 4 salts salt VBZ 43297 1096 5 act act NN 43297 1096 6 in in IN 43297 1096 7 two two CD 43297 1096 8 quite quite RB 43297 1096 9 different different JJ 43297 1096 10 directions direction NNS 43297 1096 11 according accord VBG 43297 1096 12 to to IN 43297 1096 13 the the DT 43297 1096 14 concentration concentration NN 43297 1096 15 of of IN 43297 1096 16 the the DT 43297 1096 17 slip slip NN 43297 1096 18 . . . 43297 1097 1 On on IN 43297 1097 2 drying dry VBG 43297 1097 3 a a DT 43297 1097 4 paste paste NN 43297 1097 5 made make VBN 43297 1097 6 of of IN 43297 1097 7 clay clay NN 43297 1097 8 and and CC 43297 1097 9 water water NN 43297 1097 10 the the DT 43297 1097 11 volume volume NN 43297 1097 12 gradually gradually RB 43297 1097 13 diminishes diminish VBZ 43297 1097 14 until until IN 43297 1097 15 the the DT 43297 1097 16 greater great JJR 43297 1097 17 part part NN 43297 1097 18 of of IN 43297 1097 19 the the DT 43297 1097 20 water water NN 43297 1097 21 has have VBZ 43297 1097 22 been be VBN 43297 1097 23 removed remove VBN 43297 1097 24 ; ; : 43297 1097 25 after after IN 43297 1097 26 this this DT 43297 1097 27 the the DT 43297 1097 28 remainder remainder NN 43297 1097 29 of of IN 43297 1097 30 the the DT 43297 1097 31 water water NN 43297 1097 32 may may MD 43297 1097 33 be be VB 43297 1097 34 driven drive VBN 43297 1097 35 off off RP 43297 1097 36 without without IN 43297 1097 37 any any DT 43297 1097 38 further further JJ 43297 1097 39 reduction reduction NN 43297 1097 40 in in IN 43297 1097 41 volume volume NN 43297 1097 42 of of IN 43297 1097 43 the the DT 43297 1097 44 material material NN 43297 1097 45 . . . 43297 1098 1 This this DT 43297 1098 2 is be VBZ 43297 1098 3 another another DT 43297 1098 4 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 1098 5 common common NN 43297 1098 6 to to IN 43297 1098 7 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1098 8 substances substance NNS 43297 1098 9 such such JJ 43297 1098 10 as as IN 43297 1098 11 gelatin gelatin NN 43297 1098 12 . . . 43297 1099 1 The the DT 43297 1099 2 material material NN 43297 1099 3 when when WRB 43297 1099 4 drying drying NN 43297 1099 5 attains attain VBZ 43297 1099 6 a a DT 43297 1099 7 leathery leathery NN 43297 1099 8 consistency consistency NN 43297 1099 9 which which WDT 43297 1099 10 is be VBZ 43297 1099 11 at at IN 43297 1099 12 a a DT 43297 1099 13 maximum maximum NN 43297 1099 14 at at IN 43297 1099 15 the the DT 43297 1099 16 moment moment NN 43297 1099 17 when when WRB 43297 1099 18 the the DT 43297 1099 19 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 1099 20 is be VBZ 43297 1099 21 about about JJ 43297 1099 22 to to TO 43297 1099 23 cease cease VB 43297 1099 24 ; ; : 43297 1099 25 on on IN 43297 1099 26 further further RB 43297 1099 27 drying dry VBG 43297 1099 28 the the DT 43297 1099 29 material material NN 43297 1099 30 becomes become VBZ 43297 1099 31 harder hard JJR 43297 1099 32 and and CC 43297 1099 33 more more RBR 43297 1099 34 closely closely RB 43297 1099 35 resembles resemble VBZ 43297 1099 36 stone stone NN 43297 1099 37 . . . 43297 1100 1 Providing provide VBG 43297 1100 2 that that IN 43297 1100 3 wet wet JJ 43297 1100 4 clay clay NN 43297 1100 5 is be VBZ 43297 1100 6 not not RB 43297 1100 7 heated heated JJ 43297 1100 8 to to IN 43297 1100 9 a a DT 43297 1100 10 temperature temperature NN 43297 1100 11 higher high JJR 43297 1100 12 than than IN 43297 1100 13 that that DT 43297 1100 14 of of IN 43297 1100 15 boiling boil VBG 43297 1100 16 water water NN 43297 1100 17 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1100 18 appears appear VBZ 43297 1100 19 to to TO 43297 1100 20 undergo undergo VB 43297 1100 21 no no DT 43297 1100 22 chemical chemical NN 43297 1100 23 change change NN 43297 1100 24 and and CC 43297 1100 25 on on IN 43297 1100 26 cooling cool VBG 43297 1100 27 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1100 28 will will MD 43297 1100 29 again again RB 43297 1100 30 take take VB 43297 1100 31 up up RP 43297 1100 32 water[15 water[15 NNP 43297 1100 33 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1100 34 and and CC 43297 1100 35 be be VB 43297 1100 36 restored restore VBN 43297 1100 37 to to IN 43297 1100 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1100 39 original original JJ 43297 1100 40 condition condition NN 43297 1100 41 except except IN 43297 1100 42 in in IN 43297 1100 43 so so RB 43297 1100 44 far far RB 43297 1100 45 as as IN 43297 1100 46 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1100 47 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1100 48 nature nature NN 43297 1100 49 may may MD 43297 1100 50 have have VB 43297 1100 51 been be VBN 43297 1100 52 affected affect VBN 43297 1100 53 by by IN 43297 1100 54 the the DT 43297 1100 55 heating heating NN 43297 1100 56 . . . 43297 1101 1 If if IN 43297 1101 2 , , , 43297 1101 3 however however RB 43297 1101 4 , , , 43297 1101 5 the the DT 43297 1101 6 temperature temperature NN 43297 1101 7 is be VBZ 43297 1101 8 raised raise VBN 43297 1101 9 to to IN 43297 1101 10 about about IN 43297 1101 11 500 500 CD 43297 1101 12 ° ° NNS 43297 1101 13 C. C. NNP 43297 1101 14 a a DT 43297 1101 15 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1101 16 of of IN 43297 1101 17 the the DT 43297 1101 18 material material NN 43297 1101 19 commences commence NNS 43297 1101 20 and and CC 43297 1101 21 water water NN 43297 1101 22 is be VBZ 43297 1101 23 evolved evolve VBN 43297 1101 24 . . . 43297 1102 1 This this DT 43297 1102 2 water water NN 43297 1102 3 -- -- : 43297 1102 4 which which WDT 43297 1102 5 is be VBZ 43297 1102 6 commonly commonly RB 43297 1102 7 termed term VBN 43297 1102 8 ' ' '' 43297 1102 9 combined combine VBN 43297 1102 10 water'--is water'--is NNP 43297 1102 11 apparently apparently RB 43297 1102 12 an an DT 43297 1102 13 essential essential JJ 43297 1102 14 part part NN 43297 1102 15 of of IN 43297 1102 16 the the DT 43297 1102 17 clay clay NN 43297 1102 18 - - HYPH 43297 1102 19 molecule molecule NN 43297 1102 20 and and CC 43297 1102 21 when when WRB 43297 1102 22 once once IN 43297 1102 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1102 24 has have VBZ 43297 1102 25 been be VBN 43297 1102 26 removed remove VBN 43297 1102 27 the the DT 43297 1102 28 most most RBS 43297 1102 29 important important JJ 43297 1102 30 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1102 31 of of IN 43297 1102 32 the the DT 43297 1102 33 clay clay NN 43297 1102 34 are be VBP 43297 1102 35 destroyed destroy VBN 43297 1102 36 and and CC 43297 1102 37 can can MD 43297 1102 38 not not RB 43297 1102 39 be be VB 43297 1102 40 restored restore VBN 43297 1102 41 . . . 43297 1103 1 The the DT 43297 1103 2 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1103 3 which which WDT 43297 1103 4 occur occur VBP 43297 1103 5 when when WRB 43297 1103 6 clay clay NN 43297 1103 7 is be VBZ 43297 1103 8 heated heated JJ 43297 1103 9 are be VBP 43297 1103 10 complex complex JJ 43297 1103 11 and and CC 43297 1103 12 are be VBP 43297 1103 13 rendered render VBN 43297 1103 14 still still RB 43297 1103 15 more more RBR 43297 1103 16 difficult difficult JJ 43297 1103 17 to to TO 43297 1103 18 study study VB 43297 1103 19 by by IN 43297 1103 20 the the DT 43297 1103 21 apparent apparent JJ 43297 1103 22 polymerization polymerization NN 43297 1103 23 of of IN 43297 1103 24 the the DT 43297 1103 25 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1103 26 formed form VBN 43297 1103 27 . . . 43297 1104 1 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1104 2 and and CC 43297 1104 3 Holdcroft Holdcroft NNP 43297 1104 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1104 5 29 29 CD 43297 1104 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1104 7 have have VBP 43297 1104 8 recently recently RB 43297 1104 9 investigated investigate VBN 43297 1104 10 the the DT 43297 1104 11 heat heat NN 43297 1104 12 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1104 13 of of IN 43297 1104 14 the the DT 43297 1104 15 purest pure JJS 43297 1104 16 china china NNP 43297 1104 17 clay clay NNP 43297 1104 18 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 1104 19 and and CC 43297 1104 20 confirm confirm VB 43297 1104 21 Le Le NNP 43297 1104 22 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 43297 1104 23 's 's POS 43297 1104 24 view view NN 43297 1104 25 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1104 26 10 10 CD 43297 1104 27 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1104 28 that that WDT 43297 1104 29 on on IN 43297 1104 30 heating heating NN 43297 1104 31 to to IN 43297 1104 32 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 1104 33 above above IN 43297 1104 34 500 500 CD 43297 1104 35 ° ° NNS 43297 1104 36 C. C. NNP 43297 1104 37 clay clay NN 43297 1104 38 substance substance NN 43297 1104 39 decomposes decompose VBZ 43297 1104 40 into into IN 43297 1104 41 free free JJ 43297 1104 42 silica silica NN 43297 1104 43 , , , 43297 1104 44 free free JJ 43297 1104 45 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1104 46 and and CC 43297 1104 47 water water NN 43297 1104 48 , , , 43297 1104 49 the the DT 43297 1104 50 two two CD 43297 1104 51 former former JJ 43297 1104 52 undergoing undergo VBG 43297 1104 53 a a DT 43297 1104 54 partial partial JJ 43297 1104 55 re re NN 43297 1104 56 - - NN 43297 1104 57 combination combination NN 43297 1104 58 with with IN 43297 1104 59 formation formation NN 43297 1104 60 of of IN 43297 1104 61 sillimanite sillimanite NN 43297 1104 62 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1104 63 Al2O3SiO2 Al2O3SiO2 NNP 43297 1104 64 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1104 65 if if IN 43297 1104 66 a a DT 43297 1104 67 temperature temperature NN 43297 1104 68 of of IN 43297 1104 69 1200 1200 CD 43297 1104 70 ° ° , 43297 1104 71 C. C. NNP 43297 1104 72 is be VBZ 43297 1104 73 reached reach VBN 43297 1104 74 . . . 43297 1105 1 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1105 2 and and CC 43297 1105 3 Holdcroft Holdcroft NNP 43297 1105 4 point point VBP 43297 1105 5 out out RP 43297 1105 6 that that IN 43297 1105 7 there there EX 43297 1105 8 is be VBZ 43297 1105 9 no no DT 43297 1105 10 critical critical JJ 43297 1105 11 point point NN 43297 1105 12 of of IN 43297 1105 13 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1105 14 for for IN 43297 1105 15 clay clay NN 43297 1105 16 substance substance NN 43297 1105 17 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1105 18 from from IN 43297 1105 19 china china NNP 43297 1105 20 clay clay NNP 43297 1105 21 , , , 43297 1105 22 as as IN 43297 1105 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1105 24 appears appear VBZ 43297 1105 25 to to TO 43297 1105 26 lose lose VB 43297 1105 27 water water NN 43297 1105 28 at at IN 43297 1105 29 all all DT 43297 1105 30 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 1105 31 , , , 43297 1105 32 though though IN 43297 1105 33 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1105 34 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1105 35 proceeds proceed VBZ 43297 1105 36 at at IN 43297 1105 37 so so RB 43297 1105 38 slow slow VB 43297 1105 39 a a DT 43297 1105 40 rate rate NN 43297 1105 41 below below IN 43297 1105 42 400 400 CD 43297 1105 43 ° ° NNS 43297 1105 44 C. C. NNP 43297 1105 45 as as IN 43297 1105 46 to to TO 43297 1105 47 be be VB 43297 1105 48 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 1105 49 appreciable appreciable JJ 43297 1105 50 . . . 43297 1106 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 1106 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 43297 1106 3 15 15 CD 43297 1106 4 : : : 43297 1106 5 Some some DT 43297 1106 6 clays clay NNS 43297 1106 7 are be VBP 43297 1106 8 highly highly RB 43297 1106 9 hygroscopic hygroscopic JJ 43297 1106 10 and and CC 43297 1106 11 absorb absorb VB 43297 1106 12 moisture moisture NN 43297 1106 13 readily readily RB 43297 1106 14 from from IN 43297 1106 15 the the DT 43297 1106 16 atmosphere atmosphere NN 43297 1106 17 . . . 43297 1107 1 According accord VBG 43297 1107 2 to to IN 43297 1107 3 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1107 4 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1107 5 7 7 LS 43297 1107 6 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1107 7 this this DT 43297 1107 8 hygroscopicity hygroscopicity NN 43297 1107 9 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 43297 1107 10 true true JJ 43297 1107 11 clay clay NN 43297 1107 12 from from IN 43297 1107 13 silt silt NN 43297 1107 14 and and CC 43297 1107 15 dust dust NN 43297 1107 16 . . . 43297 1107 17 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1108 1 After after IN 43297 1108 2 the the DT 43297 1108 3 whole whole NN 43297 1108 4 of of IN 43297 1108 5 the the DT 43297 1108 6 ' ' `` 43297 1108 7 combined combined JJ 43297 1108 8 water water NN 43297 1108 9 ' ' '' 43297 1108 10 has have VBZ 43297 1108 11 been be VBN 43297 1108 12 driven drive VBN 43297 1108 13 off off RP 43297 1108 14 , , , 43297 1108 15 if if IN 43297 1108 16 the the DT 43297 1108 17 temperature temperature NN 43297 1108 18 continues continue VBZ 43297 1108 19 to to TO 43297 1108 20 rise rise VB 43297 1108 21 , , , 43297 1108 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1108 23 is be VBZ 43297 1108 24 found find VBN 43297 1108 25 that that IN 43297 1108 26 at at IN 43297 1108 27 a a DT 43297 1108 28 temperature temperature NN 43297 1108 29 of of IN 43297 1108 30 900 900 CD 43297 1108 31 ° ° NNS 43297 1108 32 C. C. NNP 43297 1108 33 an an DT 43297 1108 34 evolution evolution NN 43297 1108 35 of of IN 43297 1108 36 heat heat NN 43297 1108 37 occurs occur VBZ 43297 1108 38 . . . 43297 1109 1 This this DT 43297 1109 2 exothermal exothermal JJ 43297 1109 3 point point NN 43297 1109 4 , , , 43297 1109 5 together together RB 43297 1109 6 with with IN 43297 1109 7 the the DT 43297 1109 8 endothermal endothermal JJ 43297 1109 9 one one CD 43297 1109 10 occurring occur VBG 43297 1109 11 at at IN 43297 1109 12 the the DT 43297 1109 13 temperature temperature NN 43297 1109 14 at at IN 43297 1109 15 which which WDT 43297 1109 16 the the DT 43297 1109 17 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1109 18 of of IN 43297 1109 19 the the DT 43297 1109 20 clay clay NN 43297 1109 21 seems seem VBZ 43297 1109 22 to to TO 43297 1109 23 be be VB 43297 1109 24 most most RBS 43297 1109 25 rapid rapid JJ 43297 1109 26 , , , 43297 1109 27 has have VBZ 43297 1109 28 been be VBN 43297 1109 29 found find VBN 43297 1109 30 by by IN 43297 1109 31 Le Le NNP 43297 1109 32 Chatelier Chatelier NNP 43297 1109 33 , , , 43297 1109 34 confirmed confirm VBN 43297 1109 35 by by IN 43297 1109 36 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1109 37 and and CC 43297 1109 38 Holdcroft Holdcroft NNP 43297 1109 39 , , , 43297 1109 40 to to TO 43297 1109 41 be be VB 43297 1109 42 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 1109 43 of of IN 43297 1109 44 clay clay NN 43297 1109 45 substance substance NN 43297 1109 46 derived derive VBN 43297 1109 47 from from IN 43297 1109 48 kaolin kaolin NNP 43297 1109 49 and and CC 43297 1109 50 china china NNP 43297 1109 51 clay clay NNP 43297 1109 52 , , , 43297 1109 53 and and CC 43297 1109 54 the the DT 43297 1109 55 two two CD 43297 1109 56 last last JJ 43297 1109 57 - - HYPH 43297 1109 58 named name VBN 43297 1109 59 investigators investigator NNS 43297 1109 60 state state VBP 43297 1109 61 that that IN 43297 1109 62 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1109 63 serves serve VBZ 43297 1109 64 as as IN 43297 1109 65 a a DT 43297 1109 66 means means NN 43297 1109 67 of of IN 43297 1109 68 distinguishing distinguish VBG 43297 1109 69 kaolinite kaolinite NN 43297 1109 70 or or CC 43297 1109 71 clayite clayite NN 43297 1109 72 from from IN 43297 1109 73 other other JJ 43297 1109 74 alumino alumino JJ 43297 1109 75 - - HYPH 43297 1109 76 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1109 77 of of IN 43297 1109 78 similar similar JJ 43297 1109 79 composition composition NN 43297 1109 80 . . . 43297 1110 1 These these DT 43297 1110 2 thermal thermal JJ 43297 1110 3 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1110 4 have have VBP 43297 1110 5 not not RB 43297 1110 6 , , , 43297 1110 7 as as RB 43297 1110 8 yet yet RB 43297 1110 9 , , , 43297 1110 10 been be VBN 43297 1110 11 fully fully RB 43297 1110 12 studied study VBN 43297 1110 13 in in IN 43297 1110 14 connection connection NN 43297 1110 15 with with IN 43297 1110 16 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1110 17 clays clay NNS 43297 1110 18 ; ; , 43297 1110 19 with with IN 43297 1110 20 china china NNP 43297 1110 21 clay clay NNP 43297 1110 22 , , , 43297 1110 23 as as IN 43297 1110 24 already already RB 43297 1110 25 noted note VBN 43297 1110 26 , , , 43297 1110 27 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1110 28 probably probably RB 43297 1110 29 indicate indicate VBP 43297 1110 30 a a DT 43297 1110 31 polymerization polymerization NN 43297 1110 32 of of IN 43297 1110 33 the the DT 43297 1110 34 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1110 35 set set VBN 43297 1110 36 free free JJ 43297 1110 37 by by IN 43297 1110 38 the the DT 43297 1110 39 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1110 40 of of IN 43297 1110 41 the the DT 43297 1110 42 clay clay NN 43297 1110 43 substance substance NN 43297 1110 44 , , , 43297 1110 45 as as IN 43297 1110 46 pure pure JJ 43297 1110 47 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1110 48 from from IN 43297 1110 49 a a DT 43297 1110 50 variety variety NN 43297 1110 51 of of IN 43297 1110 52 sources source NNS 43297 1110 53 has have VBZ 43297 1110 54 been be VBN 43297 1110 55 found find VBN 43297 1110 56 by by IN 43297 1110 57 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1110 58 and and CC 43297 1110 59 Holdcroft Holdcroft NNP 43297 1110 60 to to TO 43297 1110 61 behave behave VB 43297 1110 62 similarly similarly RB 43297 1110 63 . . . 43297 1111 1 On on IN 43297 1111 2 still still RB 43297 1111 3 further further RB 43297 1111 4 raising raise VBG 43297 1111 5 the the DT 43297 1111 6 temperature temperature NN 43297 1111 7 of of IN 43297 1111 8 pure pure JJ 43297 1111 9 clay clay NN 43297 1111 10 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1111 11 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1111 12 or or CC 43297 1111 13 clayite clayite NN 43297 1111 14 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1111 15 no no DT 43297 1111 16 further further JJ 43297 1111 17 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1111 18 of of IN 43297 1111 19 importance importance NN 43297 1111 20 occur occur VBP 43297 1111 21 , , , 43297 1111 22 the the DT 43297 1111 23 material material NN 43297 1111 24 being be VBG 43297 1111 25 practically practically RB 43297 1111 26 infusible infusible JJ 43297 1111 27 . . . 43297 1112 1 If if IN 43297 1112 2 , , , 43297 1112 3 however however RB 43297 1112 4 , , , 43297 1112 5 any any DT 43297 1112 6 silica silica NN 43297 1112 7 , , , 43297 1112 8 lime lime NN 43297 1112 9 , , , 43297 1112 10 magnesia magnesia NNP 43297 1112 11 , , , 43297 1112 12 alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1112 13 , , , 43297 1112 14 iron iron NN 43297 1112 15 oxide oxide NN 43297 1112 16 or or CC 43297 1112 17 other other JJ 43297 1112 18 material material NN 43297 1112 19 capable capable JJ 43297 1112 20 of of IN 43297 1112 21 combining combine VBG 43297 1112 22 with with IN 43297 1112 23 the the DT 43297 1112 24 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1112 25 and and CC 43297 1112 26 silica silica NNP 43297 1112 27 is be VBZ 43297 1112 28 present present JJ 43297 1112 29 as as IN 43297 1112 30 impurities impurity NNS 43297 1112 31 in in IN 43297 1112 32 the the DT 43297 1112 33 clay clay NN 43297 1112 34 substance substance NN 43297 1112 35 , , , 43297 1112 36 combination combination NN 43297 1112 37 begins begin VBZ 43297 1112 38 at at IN 43297 1112 39 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 1112 40 above above IN 43297 1112 41 900 900 CD 43297 1112 42 ° ° NNS 43297 1112 43 C. C. NNP 43297 1112 44 This this DT 43297 1112 45 causes cause VBZ 43297 1112 46 a a DT 43297 1112 47 reduction reduction NN 43297 1112 48 of of IN 43297 1112 49 the the DT 43297 1112 50 heat heat NN 43297 1112 51 - - HYPH 43297 1112 52 resisting resist VBG 43297 1112 53 power power NN 43297 1112 54 of of IN 43297 1112 55 the the DT 43297 1112 56 material material NN 43297 1112 57 ; ; : 43297 1112 58 the the DT 43297 1112 59 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1112 60 and and CC 43297 1112 61 alumino alumino NNP 43297 1112 62 - - HYPH 43297 1112 63 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1112 64 produced produce VBD 43297 1112 65 fuse fuse NN 43297 1112 66 and and CC 43297 1112 67 begin begin VB 43297 1112 68 to to TO 43297 1112 69 react react VB 43297 1112 70 on on IN 43297 1112 71 the the DT 43297 1112 72 remaining remain VBG 43297 1112 73 silica silica NNP 43297 1112 74 and and CC 43297 1112 75 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1112 76 , , , 43297 1112 77 first first RB 43297 1112 78 forming form VBG 43297 1112 79 an an DT 43297 1112 80 impermeable impermeable JJ 43297 1112 81 mass mass NN 43297 1112 82 in in IN 43297 1112 83 place place NN 43297 1112 84 of of IN 43297 1112 85 the the DT 43297 1112 86 porous porous JJ 43297 1112 87 one one NN 43297 1112 88 produced produce VBN 43297 1112 89 with with IN 43297 1112 90 pure pure JJ 43297 1112 91 clay clay NN 43297 1112 92 substance substance NN 43297 1112 93 , , , 43297 1112 94 and and CC 43297 1112 95 gradually gradually RB 43297 1112 96 , , , 43297 1112 97 as as IN 43297 1112 98 the the DT 43297 1112 99 material material NN 43297 1112 100 loses lose VBZ 43297 1112 101 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1112 102 shape shape NN 43297 1112 103 , , , 43297 1112 104 producing produce VBG 43297 1112 105 a a DT 43297 1112 106 molten molten JJ 43297 1112 107 slag slag NN 43297 1112 108 if if IN 43297 1112 109 the the DT 43297 1112 110 ' ' `` 43297 1112 111 clay clay NN 43297 1112 112 ' ' '' 43297 1112 113 is be VBZ 43297 1112 114 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 1112 115 impure impure NN 43297 1112 116 . . . 43297 1113 1 As as IN 43297 1113 2 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1113 3 clays clay NNS 43297 1113 4 are be VBP 43297 1113 5 never never RB 43297 1113 6 quite quite RB 43297 1113 7 free free JJ 43297 1113 8 from from IN 43297 1113 9 metallic metallic JJ 43297 1113 10 compounds compound NNS 43297 1113 11 other other JJ 43297 1113 12 than than IN 43297 1113 13 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1113 14 , , , 43297 1113 15 this this DT 43297 1113 16 formation formation NN 43297 1113 17 of of IN 43297 1113 18 a a DT 43297 1113 19 fused fuse VBN 43297 1113 20 portion portion NN 43297 1113 21 -- -- : 43297 1113 22 technically technically RB 43297 1113 23 known know VBN 43297 1113 24 as as IN 43297 1113 25 _ _ NNP 43297 1113 26 vitrification vitrification NN 43297 1113 27 _ _ NNP 43297 1113 28 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1113 29 p. p. NN 43297 1113 30 37)--occurs 37)--occurs CD 43297 1113 31 at at IN 43297 1113 32 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 1113 33 depending depend VBG 43297 1113 34 on on IN 43297 1113 35 the the DT 43297 1113 36 nature nature NN 43297 1113 37 of of IN 43297 1113 38 the the DT 43297 1113 39 materials material NNS 43297 1113 40 present present JJ 43297 1113 41 , , , 43297 1113 42 so so IN 43297 1113 43 that that IN 43297 1113 44 a a DT 43297 1113 45 wide wide JJ 43297 1113 46 range range NN 43297 1113 47 of of IN 43297 1113 48 products product NNS 43297 1113 49 is be VBZ 43297 1113 50 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1113 51 , , , 43297 1113 52 the the DT 43297 1113 53 series series NN 43297 1113 54 commencing commence VBG 43297 1113 55 with with IN 43297 1113 56 the the DT 43297 1113 57 entirely entirely RB 43297 1113 58 unfused unfused JJ 43297 1113 59 pure pure JJ 43297 1113 60 clay clay NN 43297 1113 61 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1113 62 china china NNP 43297 1113 63 clay clay NNP 43297 1113 64 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1113 65 , , , 43297 1113 66 passing pass VBG 43297 1113 67 through through IN 43297 1113 68 the the DT 43297 1113 69 slightly slightly RB 43297 1113 70 vitrified vitrified JJ 43297 1113 71 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 1113 72 , , , 43297 1113 73 the the DT 43297 1113 74 more more RBR 43297 1113 75 completely completely RB 43297 1113 76 vitrified vitrified JJ 43297 1113 77 ball ball NN 43297 1113 78 clays clay NNS 43297 1113 79 to to IN 43297 1113 80 the the DT 43297 1113 81 vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 1113 82 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 1113 83 clays clay NNS 43297 1113 84 and and CC 43297 1113 85 ending end VBG 43297 1113 86 with with IN 43297 1113 87 materials material NNS 43297 1113 88 so so RB 43297 1113 89 rich rich JJ 43297 1113 90 in in IN 43297 1113 91 easily easily RB 43297 1113 92 fusible fusible JJ 43297 1113 93 matter matter NN 43297 1113 94 as as IN 43297 1113 95 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 1113 96 to to TO 43297 1113 97 be be VB 43297 1113 98 worthy worthy JJ 43297 1113 99 of of IN 43297 1113 100 the the DT 43297 1113 101 name name NN 43297 1113 102 of of IN 43297 1113 103 clays clay NNS 43297 1113 104 . . . 43297 1114 1 The the DT 43297 1114 2 constitution constitution NN 43297 1114 3 of of IN 43297 1114 4 the the DT 43297 1114 5 clay clay NN 43297 1114 6 molecule molecule NN 43297 1114 7 is be VBZ 43297 1114 8 a a DT 43297 1114 9 subject subject NN 43297 1114 10 which which WDT 43297 1114 11 has have VBZ 43297 1114 12 attracted attract VBN 43297 1114 13 the the DT 43297 1114 14 attention attention NN 43297 1114 15 of of IN 43297 1114 16 many many JJ 43297 1114 17 investigators investigator NNS 43297 1114 18 and and CC 43297 1114 19 is be VBZ 43297 1114 20 being be VBG 43297 1114 21 closely closely RB 43297 1114 22 studied study VBN 43297 1114 23 at at IN 43297 1114 24 the the DT 43297 1114 25 present present JJ 43297 1114 26 time time NN 43297 1114 27 . . . 43297 1115 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 1115 2 is be VBZ 43297 1115 3 a a DT 43297 1115 4 subject subject NN 43297 1115 5 of of IN 43297 1115 6 peculiar peculiar JJ 43297 1115 7 difficulty difficulty NN 43297 1115 8 owing owe VBG 43297 1115 9 to to IN 43297 1115 10 the the DT 43297 1115 11 inertness inertness NN 43297 1115 12 of of IN 43297 1115 13 clay clay NN 43297 1115 14 substance substance NN 43297 1115 15 at at RB 43297 1115 16 all all RB 43297 1115 17 but but CC 43297 1115 18 high high JJ 43297 1115 19 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 1115 20 , , , 43297 1115 21 and and CC 43297 1115 22 to to IN 43297 1115 23 the the DT 43297 1115 24 complexity complexity NN 43297 1115 25 of of IN 43297 1115 26 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1115 27 which which WDT 43297 1115 28 take take VBP 43297 1115 29 place place NN 43297 1115 30 as as RB 43297 1115 31 soon soon RB 43297 1115 32 as as IN 43297 1115 33 any any DT 43297 1115 34 reagent reagent NN 43297 1115 35 is be VBZ 43297 1115 36 brought bring VBN 43297 1115 37 into into IN 43297 1115 38 active active JJ 43297 1115 39 connection connection NN 43297 1115 40 with with IN 43297 1115 41 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1115 42 . . . 43297 1116 1 Without without IN 43297 1116 2 entering enter VBG 43297 1116 3 into into IN 43297 1116 4 details detail NNS 43297 1116 5 regarding regard VBG 43297 1116 6 the the DT 43297 1116 7 various various JJ 43297 1116 8 graphic graphic JJ 43297 1116 9 formulae formula NNS 43297 1116 10 which which WDT 43297 1116 11 have have VBP 43297 1116 12 been be VBN 43297 1116 13 suggested suggest VBN 43297 1116 14 , , , 43297 1116 15 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1116 16 is be VBZ 43297 1116 17 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 1116 18 to to TO 43297 1116 19 state state VB 43297 1116 20 that that IN 43297 1116 21 the the DT 43297 1116 22 one one NN 43297 1116 23 which which WDT 43297 1116 24 is be VBZ 43297 1116 25 most most RBS 43297 1116 26 probably probably RB 43297 1116 27 correct correct JJ 43297 1116 28 , , , 43297 1116 29 as as RB 43297 1116 30 far far RB 43297 1116 31 as as IN 43297 1116 32 present present JJ 43297 1116 33 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 1116 34 goes go VBZ 43297 1116 35 , , , 43297 1116 36 is be VBZ 43297 1116 37 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1116 38 's 's POS 43297 1116 39 and and CC 43297 1116 40 Holdcroft Holdcroft NNP 43297 1116 41 's 's POS 43297 1116 42 re re NN 43297 1116 43 - - NN 43297 1116 44 arrangement arrangement NN 43297 1116 45 of of IN 43297 1116 46 Groth Groth NNP 43297 1116 47 's 's POS 43297 1116 48 formula formula NN 43297 1116 49 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1116 50 30 30 CD 43297 1116 51 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1116 52 HO\ HO\ NNP 43297 1116 53 /OSiO\ /OSiO\ , 43297 1116 54 \Al2/ \Al2/ NNP 43297 1116 55 \O \O NNP 43297 1116 56 / / SYM 43297 1116 57 \ \ NNP 43297 1116 58 / / SYM 43297 1116 59 HO/ HO/ NNP 43297 1116 60 /\ /\ SYM 43297 1116 61 \OSiO/ \OSiO/ NNP 43297 1116 62 / / SYM 43297 1116 63 \ \ NN 43297 1116 64 HO HO NNP 43297 1116 65 OH OH NNP 43297 1116 66 which which WDT 43297 1116 67 on on IN 43297 1116 68 removal removal NN 43297 1116 69 of of IN 43297 1116 70 the the DT 43297 1116 71 hydroxyl hydroxyl NN 43297 1116 72 groups group NNS 43297 1116 73 might may MD 43297 1116 74 be be VB 43297 1116 75 expected expect VBN 43297 1116 76 to to TO 43297 1116 77 give give VB 43297 1116 78 the the DT 43297 1116 79 anhydride anhydride NN 43297 1116 80 O\\ O\\ NNP 43297 1116 81 /OSiO\ /OSiO\ . 43297 1116 82 \\Al2/ \\Al2/ NNP 43297 1116 83 \ \ NN 43297 1116 84 // // SYM 43297 1116 85 \ \ NN 43297 1116 86 / / SYM 43297 1116 87 O// O// NNP 43297 1116 88 \OSiO/ \OSiO/ NNP 43297 1116 89 though though IN 43297 1116 90 in in IN 43297 1116 91 practice practice NN 43297 1116 92 this this DT 43297 1116 93 substance substance NN 43297 1116 94 -- -- : 43297 1116 95 if if IN 43297 1116 96 formed form VBN 43297 1116 97 at at RB 43297 1116 98 all all RB 43297 1116 99 -- -- : 43297 1116 100 appears appear VBZ 43297 1116 101 to to TO 43297 1116 102 be be VB 43297 1116 103 instantly instantly RB 43297 1116 104 split split VBN 43297 1116 105 up up RP 43297 1116 106 into into IN 43297 1116 107 Al2O3 Al2O3 NNP 43297 1116 108 and and CC 43297 1116 109 SiO2 SiO2 NNS 43297 1116 110 . . . 43297 1117 1 By by IN 43297 1117 2 regarding regard VBG 43297 1117 3 the the DT 43297 1117 4 aluminium aluminium NN 43297 1117 5 as as IN 43297 1117 6 a a DT 43297 1117 7 nucleus nucleus NN 43297 1117 8 , , , 43297 1117 9 as as IN 43297 1117 10 above above RB 43297 1117 11 , , , 43297 1117 12 and and CC 43297 1117 13 some some DT 43297 1117 14 aluminium aluminium NN 43297 1117 15 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1117 16 as as IN 43297 1117 17 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 43297 1117 18 alumino alumino JJ 43297 1117 19 - - HYPH 43297 1117 20 silicic silicic NN 43297 1117 21 acids acid NNS 43297 1117 22 , , , 43297 1117 23 as as IN 43297 1117 24 suggested suggest VBN 43297 1117 25 by by IN 43297 1117 26 Ulffers Ulffers NNP 43297 1117 27 , , , 43297 1117 28 Scharizer Scharizer NNP 43297 1117 29 , , , 43297 1117 30 Morozewicz Morozewicz NNP 43297 1117 31 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1117 32 29 29 CD 43297 1117 33 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1117 34 and and CC 43297 1117 35 others other NNS 43297 1117 36 , , , 43297 1117 37 clay clay NN 43297 1117 38 substance substance NN 43297 1117 39 may may MD 43297 1117 40 be be VB 43297 1117 41 conveniently conveniently RB 43297 1117 42 considered consider VBN 43297 1117 43 , , , 43297 1117 44 along along IN 43297 1117 45 with with IN 43297 1117 46 analogous analogous JJ 43297 1117 47 substances substance NNS 43297 1117 48 , , , 43297 1117 49 as as IN 43297 1117 50 forming form VBG 43297 1117 51 a a DT 43297 1117 52 special special JJ 43297 1117 53 group group NN 43297 1117 54 quite quite RB 43297 1117 55 distinct distinct JJ 43297 1117 56 from from IN 43297 1117 57 the the DT 43297 1117 58 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1117 59 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1117 60 . . . 43297 1118 1 In in IN 43297 1118 2 this this DT 43297 1118 3 way way NN 43297 1118 4 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1118 5 and and CC 43297 1118 6 Holdcroft Holdcroft NNP 43297 1118 7 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1118 8 29 29 CD 43297 1118 9 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1118 10 consider consider VB 43297 1118 11 that that DT 43297 1118 12 clay clay NN 43297 1118 13 substance substance NN 43297 1118 14 is be VBZ 43297 1118 15 not not RB 43297 1118 16 a a DT 43297 1118 17 hydrated hydrated JJ 43297 1118 18 aluminium aluminium NN 43297 1118 19 silicate silicate NN 43297 1118 20 -- -- : 43297 1118 21 as as IN 43297 1118 22 is be VBZ 43297 1118 23 usually usually RB 43297 1118 24 stated state VBN 43297 1118 25 in in IN 43297 1118 26 the the DT 43297 1118 27 text text NN 43297 1118 28 - - HYPH 43297 1118 29 books book NNS 43297 1118 30 -- -- : 43297 1118 31 but but CC 43297 1118 32 an an DT 43297 1118 33 alumino alumino JJ 43297 1118 34 - - HYPH 43297 1118 35 silicic silicic NN 43297 1118 36 acid acid NN 43297 1118 37 , , , 43297 1118 38 the the DT 43297 1118 39 salts salt NNS 43297 1118 40 of of IN 43297 1118 41 which which WDT 43297 1118 42 are be VBP 43297 1118 43 the the DT 43297 1118 44 zeolites zeolite NNS 43297 1118 45 and and CC 43297 1118 46 related related JJ 43297 1118 47 compounds compound NNS 43297 1118 48 . . . 43297 1119 1 From from IN 43297 1119 2 this this DT 43297 1119 3 hypothesis hypothesis NN 43297 1119 4 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1119 5 naturally naturally RB 43297 1119 6 follows follow VBZ 43297 1119 7 that that IN 43297 1119 8 clay clay NN 43297 1119 9 substance substance NN 43297 1119 10 is be VBZ 43297 1119 11 analogous analogous JJ 43297 1119 12 to to IN 43297 1119 13 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1119 14 silica silica NN 43297 1119 15 which which WDT 43297 1119 16 has have VBZ 43297 1119 17 been be VBN 43297 1119 18 formed form VBN 43297 1119 19 by by IN 43297 1119 20 the the DT 43297 1119 21 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1119 22 of of IN 43297 1119 23 a a DT 43297 1119 24 silicate silicate NN 43297 1119 25 by by IN 43297 1119 26 means mean NNS 43297 1119 27 of of IN 43297 1119 28 water water NN 43297 1119 29 and and CC 43297 1119 30 an an DT 43297 1119 31 acid acid NN 43297 1119 32 . . . 43297 1120 1 If if IN 43297 1120 2 this this DT 43297 1120 3 view view NN 43297 1120 4 be be VB 43297 1120 5 correct correct JJ 43297 1120 6 , , , 43297 1120 7 pure pure JJ 43297 1120 8 clay clay NN 43297 1120 9 substance substance NN 43297 1120 10 or or CC 43297 1120 11 true true JJ 43297 1120 12 clay clay NN 43297 1120 13 is be VBZ 43297 1120 14 a a DT 43297 1120 15 tetra tetra JJ 43297 1120 16 - - HYPH 43297 1120 17 basic basic JJ 43297 1120 18 alumino alumino JJ 43297 1120 19 - - HYPH 43297 1120 20 silicic silicic NN 43297 1120 21 acid acid NN 43297 1120 22 H4Al2SiO9 H4Al2SiO9 NNP 43297 1120 23 or or CC 43297 1120 24 Al2Si2O5(0H4 Al2Si2O5(0H4 NNP 43297 1120 25 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1120 26 . . . 43297 1121 1 That that IN 43297 1121 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1121 3 acid acid NN 43297 1121 4 properties property NNS 43297 1121 5 are be VBP 43297 1121 6 not not RB 43297 1121 7 readily readily RB 43297 1121 8 recognizable recognizable JJ 43297 1121 9 at at IN 43297 1121 10 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1121 11 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 1121 12 is be VBZ 43297 1121 13 due due JJ 43297 1121 14 to to IN 43297 1121 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1121 16 inertness inertness NN 43297 1121 17 ; ; : 43297 1121 18 at at IN 43297 1121 19 higher high JJR 43297 1121 20 temperatures temperature NNS 43297 1121 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1121 22 power power NN 43297 1121 23 of of IN 43297 1121 24 combination combination NN 43297 1121 25 with with IN 43297 1121 26 lime lime NN 43297 1121 27 , , , 43297 1121 28 soda soda NNP 43297 1121 29 potash potash NN 43297 1121 30 and and CC 43297 1121 31 other other JJ 43297 1121 32 bases basis NNS 43297 1121 33 is be VBZ 43297 1121 34 well well RB 43297 1121 35 recognized recognize VBN 43297 1121 36 , , , 43297 1121 37 though though IN 43297 1121 38 the the DT 43297 1121 39 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1121 40 which which WDT 43297 1121 41 occur occur VBP 43297 1121 42 are be VBP 43297 1121 43 often often RB 43297 1121 44 complicated complicate VBN 43297 1121 45 by by IN 43297 1121 46 decompositions decomposition NNS 43297 1121 47 and and CC 43297 1121 48 molecular molecular JJ 43297 1121 49 re re NNS 43297 1121 50 - - NNS 43297 1121 51 arrangements arrangement NNS 43297 1121 52 which which WDT 43297 1121 53 occur occur VBP 43297 1121 54 in in IN 43297 1121 55 consequence consequence NN 43297 1121 56 of of IN 43297 1121 57 the the DT 43297 1121 58 elevated elevated JJ 43297 1121 59 temperature temperature NN 43297 1121 60 . . . 43297 1122 1 There there EX 43297 1122 2 are be VBP 43297 1122 3 a a DT 43297 1122 4 number number NN 43297 1122 5 of of IN 43297 1122 6 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1122 7 which which WDT 43297 1122 8 closely closely RB 43297 1122 9 resemble resemble VBP 43297 1122 10 clayite clayite NN 43297 1122 11 or or CC 43297 1122 12 pure pure JJ 43297 1122 13 clay clay NN 43297 1122 14 substance substance NN 43297 1122 15 in in IN 43297 1122 16 composition composition NN 43297 1122 17 , , , 43297 1122 18 the the DT 43297 1122 19 chief chief JJ 43297 1122 20 difference difference NN 43297 1122 21 being be VBG 43297 1122 22 in in IN 43297 1122 23 the the DT 43297 1122 24 proportion proportion NN 43297 1122 25 of of IN 43297 1122 26 water water NN 43297 1122 27 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1122 28 evolve evolve VBP 43297 1122 29 on on IN 43297 1122 30 being be VBG 43297 1122 31 heated heat VBN 43297 1122 32 . . . 43297 1123 1 Thus thus RB 43297 1123 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 3 Rectorite Rectorite NNP 43297 1123 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 5 H2Al2Si2O8 H2Al2Si2O8 NNP 43297 1123 6 , , , 43297 1123 7 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 8 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 1123 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 10 H4Al2Si2O9 H4Al2Si2O9 NNP 43297 1123 11 , , , 43297 1123 12 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 13 Halloysite Halloysite NNP 43297 1123 14 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 15 H6Al2Si2O10 H6Al2Si2O10 NNP 43297 1123 16 and and CC 43297 1123 17 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 18 Newtonite Newtonite NNP 43297 1123 19 _ _ NNP 43297 1123 20 H10Al2Si2O12 H10Al2Si2O12 NNP 43297 1123 21 . . . 43297 1124 1 In in IN 43297 1124 2 the the DT 43297 1124 3 crystalline crystalline NN 43297 1124 4 form form NN 43297 1124 5 these these DT 43297 1124 6 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1124 7 may may MD 43297 1124 8 be be VB 43297 1124 9 distinguished distinguish VBN 43297 1124 10 from from IN 43297 1124 11 each each DT 43297 1124 12 other other JJ 43297 1124 13 by by IN 43297 1124 14 means mean NNS 43297 1124 15 of of IN 43297 1124 16 the the DT 43297 1124 17 microscope microscope NN 43297 1124 18 , , , 43297 1124 19 but but CC 43297 1124 20 as as IN 43297 1124 21 the the DT 43297 1124 22 chief chief JJ 43297 1124 23 materials material NNS 43297 1124 24 of of IN 43297 1124 25 which which WDT 43297 1124 26 clays clay NNS 43297 1124 27 are be VBP 43297 1124 28 composed compose VBN 43297 1124 29 appears appear VBZ 43297 1124 30 to to TO 43297 1124 31 be be VB 43297 1124 32 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1124 33 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1124 34 is be VBZ 43297 1124 35 impossible impossible JJ 43297 1124 36 to to TO 43297 1124 37 ascertain ascertain VB 43297 1124 38 with with IN 43297 1124 39 certainty certainty NN 43297 1124 40 whether whether IN 43297 1124 41 a a DT 43297 1124 42 given give VBN 43297 1124 43 specimen speciman NNS 43297 1124 44 of of IN 43297 1124 45 clay clay NN 43297 1124 46 substance substance NN 43297 1124 47 is be VBZ 43297 1124 48 composed compose VBN 43297 1124 49 of of IN 43297 1124 50 a a DT 43297 1124 51 mixture mixture NN 43297 1124 52 of of IN 43297 1124 53 these these DT 43297 1124 54 analogous analogous JJ 43297 1124 55 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1124 56 in in IN 43297 1124 57 an an DT 43297 1124 58 amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1124 59 form form NN 43297 1124 60 or or CC 43297 1124 61 whether whether IN 43297 1124 62 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1124 63 consists consist VBZ 43297 1124 64 entirely entirely RB 43297 1124 65 of of IN 43297 1124 66 clayite clayite NN 43297 1124 67 , , , 43297 1124 68 _ _ NNP 43297 1124 69 i.e. i.e. FW 43297 1124 70 _ _ NNP 43297 1124 71 the the DT 43297 1124 72 clay clay NN 43297 1124 73 substance substance NN 43297 1124 74 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1124 75 from from IN 43297 1124 76 china china NNP 43297 1124 77 clay clay NNP 43297 1124 78 . . . 43297 1125 1 As as IN 43297 1125 2 already already RB 43297 1125 3 stated state VBN 43297 1125 4 , , , 43297 1125 5 the the DT 43297 1125 6 thermal thermal JJ 43297 1125 7 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1125 8 which which WDT 43297 1125 9 occur occur VBP 43297 1125 10 on on IN 43297 1125 11 heating heating NN 43297 1125 12 clayite clayite NN 43297 1125 13 appear appear VB 43297 1125 14 to to TO 43297 1125 15 be be VB 43297 1125 16 characteristic characteristic JJ 43297 1125 17 of of IN 43297 1125 18 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1125 19 whilst whilst IN 43297 1125 20 halloysite halloysite NNP 43297 1125 21 is be VBZ 43297 1125 22 completely completely RB 43297 1125 23 decomposed decompose VBN 43297 1125 24 at at IN 43297 1125 25 a a DT 43297 1125 26 temperature temperature NN 43297 1125 27 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 1125 28 below below IN 43297 1125 29 200 200 CD 43297 1125 30 ° ° , 43297 1125 31 C. C. NNP 43297 1125 32 ; ; : 43297 1125 33 but but CC 43297 1125 34 the the DT 43297 1125 35 not not RB 43297 1125 36 improbable improbable JJ 43297 1125 37 presence presence NN 43297 1125 38 of of IN 43297 1125 39 two two CD 43297 1125 40 or or CC 43297 1125 41 more more JJR 43297 1125 42 of of IN 43297 1125 43 these these DT 43297 1125 44 alumino alumino JJ 43297 1125 45 - - HYPH 43297 1125 46 silicic silicic NN 43297 1125 47 acids acid NNS 43297 1125 48 in in IN 43297 1125 49 clays clay NNS 43297 1125 50 of of IN 43297 1125 51 secondary secondary JJ 43297 1125 52 or or CC 43297 1125 53 multary multary JJ 43297 1125 54 origin origin NN 43297 1125 55 makes make VBZ 43297 1125 56 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1125 57 almost almost RB 43297 1125 58 impossible impossible JJ 43297 1125 59 to to TO 43297 1125 60 determine determine VB 43297 1125 61 whether whether IN 43297 1125 62 clayite clayite NN 43297 1125 63 is be VBZ 43297 1125 64 an an DT 43297 1125 65 essential essential JJ 43297 1125 66 constituent constituent NN 43297 1125 67 of of IN 43297 1125 68 all all DT 43297 1125 69 clays clay NNS 43297 1125 70 or or CC 43297 1125 71 whether whether IN 43297 1125 72 the the DT 43297 1125 73 purest pure JJS 43297 1125 74 clay clay NN 43297 1125 75 substance substance NN 43297 1125 76 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1125 77 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1125 78 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1125 79 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1125 80 from from IN 43297 1125 81 some some DT 43297 1125 82 of of IN 43297 1125 83 the the DT 43297 1125 84 more more RBR 43297 1125 85 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1125 86 clays clay NNS 43297 1125 87 does do VBZ 43297 1125 88 not not RB 43297 1125 89 possess possess VB 43297 1125 90 a a DT 43297 1125 91 different different JJ 43297 1125 92 chemical chemical JJ 43297 1125 93 composition composition NN 43297 1125 94 as as RB 43297 1125 95 well well RB 43297 1125 96 as as IN 43297 1125 97 different different JJ 43297 1125 98 physical physical JJ 43297 1125 99 properties property NNS 43297 1125 100 . . . 43297 1126 1 The the DT 43297 1126 2 view view NN 43297 1126 3 that that IN 43297 1126 4 clays clay NNS 43297 1126 5 may may MD 43297 1126 6 be be VB 43297 1126 7 regarded regard VBN 43297 1126 8 as as IN 43297 1126 9 impure impure NN 43297 1126 10 varieties variety NNS 43297 1126 11 of of IN 43297 1126 12 clayite clayite NNP 43297 1126 13 is be VBZ 43297 1126 14 considered consider VBN 43297 1126 15 erroneous erroneous JJ 43297 1126 16 by by IN 43297 1126 17 several several JJ 43297 1126 18 investigators investigator NNS 43297 1126 19 for for IN 43297 1126 20 various various JJ 43297 1126 21 reasons reason NNS 43297 1126 22 . . . 43297 1127 1 For for IN 43297 1127 2 instance instance NN 43297 1127 3 , , , 43297 1127 4 felspar felspar NN 43297 1127 5 is be VBZ 43297 1127 6 rarely rarely RB 43297 1127 7 found find VBN 43297 1127 8 in in IN 43297 1127 9 china china NNP 43297 1127 10 clays clay NNS 43297 1127 11 , , , 43297 1127 12 but but CC 43297 1127 13 is be VBZ 43297 1127 14 a a DT 43297 1127 15 common common JJ 43297 1127 16 constituent constituent NN 43297 1127 17 of of IN 43297 1127 18 secondary secondary JJ 43297 1127 19 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1127 20 plastic plastic NN 43297 1127 21 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1127 22 clays clay NNS 43297 1127 23 . . . 43297 1128 1 J. J. NNP 43297 1128 2 M. M. NNP 43297 1128 3 van van NNP 43297 1128 4 Bemmelen Bemmelen NNP 43297 1128 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1128 6 26 26 CD 43297 1128 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1128 8 , , , 43297 1128 9 who who WP 43297 1128 10 has have VBZ 43297 1128 11 found find VBN 43297 1128 12 that that IN 43297 1128 13 the the DT 43297 1128 14 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1128 15 - - HYPH 43297 1128 16 silica silica NNP 43297 1128 17 ratio ratio NN 43297 1128 18 of of IN 43297 1128 19 clays clay NNS 43297 1128 20 produced produce VBN 43297 1128 21 by by IN 43297 1128 22 weathering weather VBG 43297 1128 23 is be VBZ 43297 1128 24 always always RB 43297 1128 25 higher high JJR 43297 1128 26 than than IN 43297 1128 27 that that DT 43297 1128 28 in in IN 43297 1128 29 clays clay NNS 43297 1128 30 of of IN 43297 1128 31 the the DT 43297 1128 32 china china NNP 43297 1128 33 clay clay NN 43297 1128 34 type type NN 43297 1128 35 produced produce VBN 43297 1128 36 by by IN 43297 1128 37 hypogenic hypogenic JJ 43297 1128 38 action action NN 43297 1128 39 . . . 43297 1129 1 In in IN 43297 1129 2 a a DT 43297 1129 3 number number NN 43297 1129 4 of of IN 43297 1129 5 clays clay NNS 43297 1129 6 examined examine VBN 43297 1129 7 he -PRON- PRP 43297 1129 8 found find VBD 43297 1129 9 that that IN 43297 1129 10 a a DT 43297 1129 11 portion portion NN 43297 1129 12 was be VBD 43297 1129 13 soluble soluble JJ 43297 1129 14 in in IN 43297 1129 15 boiling boil VBG 43297 1129 16 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 43297 1129 17 acid acid NN 43297 1129 18 whereas whereas IN 43297 1129 19 clayite clayite NNP 43297 1129 20 is be VBZ 43297 1129 21 scarcely scarcely RB 43297 1129 22 affected affect VBN 43297 1129 23 by by IN 43297 1129 24 this this DT 43297 1129 25 treatment treatment NN 43297 1129 26 . . . 43297 1130 1 He -PRON- PRP 43297 1130 2 also also RB 43297 1130 3 found find VBD 43297 1130 4 a a DT 43297 1130 5 varying varying JJ 43297 1130 6 proportion proportion NN 43297 1130 7 of of IN 43297 1130 8 alumino alumino JJ 43297 1130 9 - - HYPH 43297 1130 10 silicate silicate NN 43297 1130 11 insoluble insoluble NN 43297 1130 12 in in IN 43297 1130 13 hydrochloric hydrochloric JJ 43297 1130 14 acid acid NN 43297 1130 15 but but CC 43297 1130 16 dissolved dissolve VBN 43297 1130 17 on on IN 43297 1130 18 treatment treatment NN 43297 1130 19 with with IN 43297 1130 20 boiling boil VBG 43297 1130 21 sulphuric sulphuric JJ 43297 1130 22 acid acid NN 43297 1130 23 and and CC 43297 1130 24 subsequently subsequently RB 43297 1130 25 with with IN 43297 1130 26 caustic caustic JJ 43297 1130 27 soda soda NN 43297 1130 28 solution solution NN 43297 1130 29 ; ; : 43297 1130 30 this this DT 43297 1130 31 latter latter NN 43297 1130 32 he -PRON- PRP 43297 1130 33 considers consider VBZ 43297 1130 34 to to TO 43297 1130 35 be be VB 43297 1130 36 true true JJ 43297 1130 37 clayite clayite NN 43297 1130 38 . . . 43297 1131 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 43297 1131 2 , , , 43297 1131 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1131 4 results result NNS 43297 1131 5 were be VBD 43297 1131 6 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1131 7 by by IN 43297 1131 8 treating treat VBG 43297 1131 9 the the DT 43297 1131 10 crude crude JJ 43297 1131 11 clay clay NN 43297 1131 12 with with IN 43297 1131 13 acid acid NN 43297 1131 14 , , , 43297 1131 15 instead instead RB 43297 1131 16 of of IN 43297 1131 17 first first RB 43297 1131 18 removing remove VBG 43297 1131 19 such such JJ 43297 1131 20 non non JJ 43297 1131 21 - - JJ 43297 1131 22 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1131 23 materials material NNS 43297 1131 24 as as IN 43297 1131 25 can can MD 43297 1131 26 be be VB 43297 1131 27 separated separate VBN 43297 1131 28 by by IN 43297 1131 29 washing wash VBG 43297 1131 30 , , , 43297 1131 31 so so IN 43297 1131 32 that that IN 43297 1131 33 all all DT 43297 1131 34 that that WDT 43297 1131 35 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1131 36 show show VBP 43297 1131 37 is be VBZ 43297 1131 38 that that IN 43297 1131 39 some some DT 43297 1131 40 clays clay NNS 43297 1131 41 contain contain VBP 43297 1131 42 alumino alumino JJ 43297 1131 43 - - HYPH 43297 1131 44 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1131 45 of of IN 43297 1131 46 a a DT 43297 1131 47 nature nature NN 43297 1131 48 distinct distinct JJ 43297 1131 49 from from IN 43297 1131 50 clayite clayite NNP 43297 1131 51 in in IN 43297 1131 52 addition addition NN 43297 1131 53 to to IN 43297 1131 54 any any DT 43297 1131 55 clayite clayite NN 43297 1131 56 which which WDT 43297 1131 57 may may MD 43297 1131 58 be be VB 43297 1131 59 found find VBN 43297 1131 60 in in IN 43297 1131 61 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1131 62 . . . 43297 1132 1 The the DT 43297 1132 2 fact fact NN 43297 1132 3 that that IN 43297 1132 4 all all DT 43297 1132 5 clays clay NNS 43297 1132 6 when when WRB 43297 1132 7 heated heat VBN 43297 1132 8 to to IN 43297 1132 9 700 700 CD 43297 1132 10 or or CC 43297 1132 11 800 800 CD 43297 1132 12 ° ° NNS 43297 1132 13 C. C. NNP 43297 1132 14 readily readily RB 43297 1132 15 react react VBP 43297 1132 16 with with IN 43297 1132 17 lime lime NN 43297 1132 18 - - HYPH 43297 1132 19 water water NN 43297 1132 20 to to TO 43297 1132 21 form form VB 43297 1132 22 the the DT 43297 1132 23 same same JJ 43297 1132 24 calcium calcium NN 43297 1132 25 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1132 26 and and CC 43297 1132 27 aluminates aluminate NNS 43297 1132 28 indicates indicate VBZ 43297 1132 29 so so RB 43297 1132 30 close close JJ 43297 1132 31 a a DT 43297 1132 32 resemblance resemblance NN 43297 1132 33 between between IN 43297 1132 34 the the DT 43297 1132 35 clay clay NN 43297 1132 36 substance substance NN 43297 1132 37 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 1132 38 from from IN 43297 1132 39 different different JJ 43297 1132 40 sources source NNS 43297 1132 41 as as IN 43297 1132 42 to to TO 43297 1132 43 constitute constitute VB 43297 1132 44 strong strong JJ 43297 1132 45 evidence evidence NN 43297 1132 46 of of IN 43297 1132 47 the the DT 43297 1132 48 identity identity NN 43297 1132 49 of of IN 43297 1132 50 this this DT 43297 1132 51 substance substance NN 43297 1132 52 with with IN 43297 1132 53 clayite clayite NN 43297 1132 54 or or CC 43297 1132 55 with with IN 43297 1132 56 materials material NNS 43297 1132 57 so so RB 43297 1132 58 analogous analogous JJ 43297 1132 59 to to IN 43297 1132 60 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1132 61 as as IN 43297 1132 62 to to TO 43297 1132 63 be be VB 43297 1132 64 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 43297 1132 65 from from IN 43297 1132 66 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1132 67 under under IN 43297 1132 68 present present JJ 43297 1132 69 conditions condition NNS 43297 1132 70 . . . 43297 1133 1 In in IN 43297 1133 2 all all DT 43297 1133 3 probability probability NN 43297 1133 4 , , , 43297 1133 5 the the DT 43297 1133 6 plastic plastic NN 43297 1133 7 clays clay NNS 43297 1133 8 have have VBP 43297 1133 9 been be VBN 43297 1133 10 derived derive VBN 43297 1133 11 from from IN 43297 1133 12 a a DT 43297 1133 13 somewhat somewhat RB 43297 1133 14 greater great JJR 43297 1133 15 variety variety NN 43297 1133 16 of of IN 43297 1133 17 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1133 18 than than IN 43297 1133 19 the the DT 43297 1133 20 primary primary JJ 43297 1133 21 clays clay NNS 43297 1133 22 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1133 23 p. p. NN 43297 1133 24 71 71 CD 43297 1133 25 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1133 26 and and CC 43297 1133 27 under under IN 43297 1133 28 conditions condition NNS 43297 1133 29 of of IN 43297 1133 30 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1133 31 which which WDT 43297 1133 32 differ differ VBP 43297 1133 33 in in IN 43297 1133 34 details detail NNS 43297 1133 35 , , , 43297 1133 36 though though IN 43297 1133 37 broadly broadly RB 43297 1133 38 of of IN 43297 1133 39 the the DT 43297 1133 40 same same JJ 43297 1133 41 nature nature NN 43297 1133 42 as as IN 43297 1133 43 those those DT 43297 1133 44 producing produce VBG 43297 1133 45 china china NNP 43297 1133 46 clays clay NNS 43297 1133 47 . . . 43297 1134 1 The the DT 43297 1134 2 presence presence NN 43297 1134 3 of of IN 43297 1134 4 colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1134 5 matter matter NN 43297 1134 6 suggests suggest VBZ 43297 1134 7 a a DT 43297 1134 8 more more RBR 43297 1134 9 vigorous vigorous JJ 43297 1134 10 action action NN 43297 1134 11 -- -- : 43297 1134 12 or or CC 43297 1134 13 even even RB 43297 1134 14 a a DT 43297 1134 15 precipitation precipitation NN 43297 1134 16 from from IN 43297 1134 17 solution solution NN 43297 1134 18 -- -- : 43297 1134 19 instead instead RB 43297 1134 20 of of IN 43297 1134 21 the the DT 43297 1134 22 slower slow JJR 43297 1134 23 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1134 24 which which WDT 43297 1134 25 result result VBP 43297 1134 26 in in IN 43297 1134 27 the the DT 43297 1134 28 formation formation NN 43297 1134 29 of of IN 43297 1134 30 the the DT 43297 1134 31 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1134 32 crystals crystal NNS 43297 1134 33 . . . 43297 1135 1 The the DT 43297 1135 2 much much RB 43297 1135 3 smaller small JJR 43297 1135 4 particles particle NNS 43297 1135 5 present present JJ 43297 1135 6 in in IN 43297 1135 7 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1135 8 clays clay NNS 43297 1135 9 also also RB 43297 1135 10 indicate indicate VBP 43297 1135 11 a a DT 43297 1135 12 more more RBR 43297 1135 13 complete complete JJ 43297 1135 14 grinding grinding NN 43297 1135 15 during during IN 43297 1135 16 the the DT 43297 1135 17 transportation transportation NN 43297 1135 18 of of IN 43297 1135 19 the the DT 43297 1135 20 material material NN 43297 1135 21 or or CC 43297 1135 22 some some DT 43297 1135 23 form form NN 43297 1135 24 of of IN 43297 1135 25 precipitation precipitation NN 43297 1135 26 . . . 43297 1136 1 If if IN 43297 1136 2 , , , 43297 1136 3 as as IN 43297 1136 4 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 1136 5 suggests suggest VBZ 43297 1136 6 , , , 43297 1136 7 all all DT 43297 1136 8 clays clay NNS 43297 1136 9 are be VBP 43297 1136 10 direct direct JJ 43297 1136 11 products product NNS 43297 1136 12 of of IN 43297 1136 13 the the DT 43297 1136 14 decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1136 15 of of IN 43297 1136 16 _ _ NNP 43297 1136 17 mica mica NNP 43297 1136 18 _ _ NNP 43297 1136 19 , , , 43297 1136 20 the the DT 43297 1136 21 fact fact NN 43297 1136 22 that that IN 43297 1136 23 several several JJ 43297 1136 24 varieties variety NNS 43297 1136 25 of of IN 43297 1136 26 mica mica NNP 43297 1136 27 are be VBP 43297 1136 28 known know VBN 43297 1136 29 and and CC 43297 1136 30 that that IN 43297 1136 31 the the DT 43297 1136 32 conditions condition NNS 43297 1136 33 under under IN 43297 1136 34 which which WDT 43297 1136 35 these these DT 43297 1136 36 decompose decompose NN 43297 1136 37 must must MD 43297 1136 38 vary vary VB 43297 1136 39 considerably considerably RB 43297 1136 40 , , , 43297 1136 41 afford afford VB 43297 1136 42 a a DT 43297 1136 43 good good JJ 43297 1136 44 , , , 43297 1136 45 if if IN 43297 1136 46 incomplete incomplete JJ 43297 1136 47 , , , 43297 1136 48 explanation explanation NN 43297 1136 49 of of IN 43297 1136 50 some some DT 43297 1136 51 of of IN 43297 1136 52 the the DT 43297 1136 53 widely widely RB 43297 1136 54 diverse diverse JJ 43297 1136 55 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1136 56 observed observe VBN 43297 1136 57 in in IN 43297 1136 58 different different JJ 43297 1136 59 clays clay NNS 43297 1136 60 . . . 43297 1137 1 Notwithstanding notwithstanding IN 43297 1137 2 the the DT 43297 1137 3 great great JJ 43297 1137 4 complexities complexity NNS 43297 1137 5 of of IN 43297 1137 6 the the DT 43297 1137 7 whole whole JJ 43297 1137 8 subject subject NN 43297 1137 9 and and CC 43297 1137 10 the the DT 43297 1137 11 apparently apparently RB 43297 1137 12 contradictory contradictory JJ 43297 1137 13 evidence evidence NN 43297 1137 14 concerning concern VBG 43297 1137 15 some some DT 43297 1137 16 clays clay NNS 43297 1137 17 , , , 43297 1137 18 there there EX 43297 1137 19 is be VBZ 43297 1137 20 a a DT 43297 1137 21 wide wide JJ 43297 1137 22 - - HYPH 43297 1137 23 spread spread NN 43297 1137 24 feeling feeling NN 43297 1137 25 that that IN 43297 1137 26 whatever whatever WDT 43297 1137 27 may may MD 43297 1137 28 be be VB 43297 1137 29 the the DT 43297 1137 30 mineral mineral NN 43297 1137 31 from from IN 43297 1137 32 which which WDT 43297 1137 33 a a DT 43297 1137 34 given give VBN 43297 1137 35 clay clay NN 43297 1137 36 has have VBZ 43297 1137 37 been be VBN 43297 1137 38 derived derive VBN 43297 1137 39 , , , 43297 1137 40 the the DT 43297 1137 41 _ _ NNP 43297 1137 42 true true JJ 43297 1137 43 clay clay NN 43297 1137 44 substance substance NN 43297 1137 45 _ _ NNP 43297 1137 46 , , , 43297 1137 47 which which WDT 43297 1137 48 is be VBZ 43297 1137 49 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1137 50 essential essential JJ 43297 1137 51 constituent constituent NN 43297 1137 52 , , , 43297 1137 53 would would MD 43297 1137 54 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1137 55 if if IN 43297 1137 56 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1137 57 could could MD 43297 1137 58 be be VB 43297 1137 59 isolated isolate VBN 43297 1137 60 in in IN 43297 1137 61 a a DT 43297 1137 62 pure pure JJ 43297 1137 63 state state NN 43297 1137 64 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1137 65 prove prove VBP 43297 1137 66 to to TO 43297 1137 67 be be VB 43297 1137 68 of of IN 43297 1137 69 the the DT 43297 1137 70 same same JJ 43297 1137 71 composition composition NN 43297 1137 72 as as IN 43297 1137 73 kaolinite kaolinite NNP 43297 1137 74 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 1137 75 from from IN 43297 1137 76 china china NNP 43297 1137 77 clay clay NN 43297 1137 78 of of IN 43297 1137 79 exceptional exceptional JJ 43297 1137 80 purity purity NN 43297 1137 81 . . . 43297 1138 1 The the DT 43297 1138 2 purest pure JJS 43297 1138 3 clay clay NN 43297 1138 4 substances substance NNS 43297 1138 5 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1138 6 pelinite pelinite NNP 43297 1138 7 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1138 8 yet yet CC 43297 1138 9 obtained obtain VBN 43297 1138 10 from from IN 43297 1138 11 some some DT 43297 1138 12 of of IN 43297 1138 13 the the DT 43297 1138 14 most most RBS 43297 1138 15 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1138 16 clays clay NNS 43297 1138 17 are be VBP 43297 1138 18 , , , 43297 1138 19 however however RB 43297 1138 20 , , , 43297 1138 21 so so CC 43297 1138 22 impure impure VB 43297 1138 23 as as IN 43297 1138 24 to to TO 43297 1138 25 make make VB 43297 1138 26 any any DT 43297 1138 27 detailed detailed JJ 43297 1138 28 investigation investigation NN 43297 1138 29 of of IN 43297 1138 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1138 31 composition composition NN 43297 1138 32 by by IN 43297 1138 33 present present JJ 43297 1138 34 methods method NNS 43297 1138 35 abortive abortive JJ 43297 1138 36 . . . 43297 1139 1 The the DT 43297 1139 2 methods method NNS 43297 1139 3 of of IN 43297 1139 4 synthesis synthesis NN 43297 1139 5 which which WDT 43297 1139 6 have have VBP 43297 1139 7 proved prove VBN 43297 1139 8 so so RB 43297 1139 9 successful successful JJ 43297 1139 10 in in IN 43297 1139 11 organic organic JJ 43297 1139 12 chemistry chemistry NN 43297 1139 13 have have VBP 43297 1139 14 hitherto hitherto VBN 43297 1139 15 yielded yield VBN 43297 1139 16 few few JJ 43297 1139 17 intelligible intelligible JJ 43297 1139 18 results result NNS 43297 1139 19 with with IN 43297 1139 20 clays clay NNS 43297 1139 21 , , , 43297 1139 22 on on IN 43297 1139 23 account account NN 43297 1139 24 of of IN 43297 1139 25 the the DT 43297 1139 26 complexity complexity NN 43297 1139 27 of of IN 43297 1139 28 the the DT 43297 1139 29 accessory accessory JJ 43297 1139 30 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1139 31 which which WDT 43297 1139 32 occur occur VBP 43297 1139 33 . . . 43297 1140 1 The the DT 43297 1140 2 Difference Difference NNP 43297 1140 3 between between IN 43297 1140 4 Pure Pure NNP 43297 1140 5 Clay Clay NNP 43297 1140 6 Substance Substance NNP 43297 1140 7 and and CC 43297 1140 8 Ordinary Ordinary NNP 43297 1140 9 Clays clay NNS 43297 1140 10 . . . 43297 1141 1 The the DT 43297 1141 2 properties property NNS 43297 1141 3 and and CC 43297 1141 4 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1141 5 of of IN 43297 1141 6 _ _ NNP 43297 1141 7 true true JJ 43297 1141 8 clay clay NN 43297 1141 9 _ _ NNP 43297 1141 10 are be VBP 43297 1141 11 very very RB 43297 1141 12 seriously seriously RB 43297 1141 13 modified modify VBN 43297 1141 14 by by IN 43297 1141 15 other other JJ 43297 1141 16 materials material NNS 43297 1141 17 which which WDT 43297 1141 18 may may MD 43297 1141 19 be be VB 43297 1141 20 associated associate VBN 43297 1141 21 with with IN 43297 1141 22 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1141 23 . . . 43297 1142 1 This this DT 43297 1142 2 may may MD 43297 1142 3 be be VB 43297 1142 4 perceived perceive VBN 43297 1142 5 by by IN 43297 1142 6 comparing compare VBG 43297 1142 7 the the DT 43297 1142 8 properties property NNS 43297 1142 9 of of IN 43297 1142 10 clays clay NNS 43297 1142 11 mentioned mention VBN 43297 1142 12 in in IN 43297 1142 13 Chapter chapter NN 43297 1142 14 I -PRON- PRP 43297 1142 15 with with IN 43297 1142 16 those those DT 43297 1142 17 of of IN 43297 1142 18 various various JJ 43297 1142 19 forms form NNS 43297 1142 20 of of IN 43297 1142 21 true true JJ 43297 1142 22 clay clay NN 43297 1142 23 just just RB 43297 1142 24 given give VBN 43297 1142 25 . . . 43297 1143 1 Moreover moreover RB 43297 1143 2 , , , 43297 1143 3 as as IN 43297 1143 4 true true JJ 43297 1143 5 clay clay NN 43297 1143 6 never never RB 43297 1143 7 occurs occur VBZ 43297 1143 8 in in IN 43297 1143 9 a a DT 43297 1143 10 perfectly perfectly RB 43297 1143 11 pure pure JJ 43297 1143 12 state state NN 43297 1143 13 in in IN 43297 1143 14 nature nature NN 43297 1143 15 , , , 43297 1143 16 the the DT 43297 1143 17 properties property NNS 43297 1143 18 of of IN 43297 1143 19 clays clay NNS 43297 1143 20 must must MD 43297 1143 21 be be VB 43297 1143 22 largely largely RB 43297 1143 23 dependent dependent JJ 43297 1143 24 on on IN 43297 1143 25 the the DT 43297 1143 26 accessory accessory JJ 43297 1143 27 ingredients ingredient NNS 43297 1143 28 . . . 43297 1144 1 Silica Silica NNP 43297 1144 2 , , , 43297 1144 3 for for IN 43297 1144 4 example example NN 43297 1144 5 , , , 43297 1144 6 when when WRB 43297 1144 7 alone alone RB 43297 1144 8 is be VBZ 43297 1144 9 a a DT 43297 1144 10 highly highly RB 43297 1144 11 refractory refractory JJ 43297 1144 12 material material NN 43297 1144 13 , , , 43297 1144 14 but but CC 43297 1144 15 in in IN 43297 1144 16 the the DT 43297 1144 17 presence presence NN 43297 1144 18 of of IN 43297 1144 19 true true JJ 43297 1144 20 clay clay NN 43297 1144 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1144 22 reduces reduce VBZ 43297 1144 23 the the DT 43297 1144 24 refractoriness refractoriness NN 43297 1144 25 of of IN 43297 1144 26 the the DT 43297 1144 27 latter latter JJ 43297 1144 28 . . . 43297 1145 1 Lime Lime NNP 43297 1145 2 has have VBZ 43297 1145 3 a a DT 43297 1145 4 similar similar JJ 43297 1145 5 effect effect NN 43297 1145 6 though though IN 43297 1145 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1145 8 chemical chemical NN 43297 1145 9 action action NN 43297 1145 10 on on IN 43297 1145 11 the the DT 43297 1145 12 clay clay NN 43297 1145 13 is be VBZ 43297 1145 14 entirely entirely RB 43297 1145 15 different different JJ 43297 1145 16 . . . 43297 1146 1 A a DT 43297 1146 2 very very RB 43297 1146 3 small small JJ 43297 1146 4 proportion proportion NN 43297 1146 5 of of IN 43297 1146 6 some some DT 43297 1146 7 substances substance NNS 43297 1146 8 -- -- : 43297 1146 9 notably notably RB 43297 1146 10 the the DT 43297 1146 11 oxides oxide NNS 43297 1146 12 of of IN 43297 1146 13 sodium sodium NN 43297 1146 14 and and CC 43297 1146 15 potassium potassium NN 43297 1146 16 -- -- : 43297 1146 17 will will MD 43297 1146 18 greatly greatly RB 43297 1146 19 alter alter VB 43297 1146 20 the the DT 43297 1146 21 behaviour behaviour NN 43297 1146 22 of of IN 43297 1146 23 true true JJ 43297 1146 24 clay clay NN 43297 1146 25 when when WRB 43297 1146 26 heated heat VBN 43297 1146 27 and and CC 43297 1146 28 will will MD 43297 1146 29 produce produce VB 43297 1146 30 an an DT 43297 1146 31 impervious impervious JJ 43297 1146 32 mass mass NN 43297 1146 33 in in IN 43297 1146 34 place place NN 43297 1146 35 of of IN 43297 1146 36 a a DT 43297 1146 37 porous porous JJ 43297 1146 38 one one NN 43297 1146 39 . . . 43297 1147 1 For for IN 43297 1147 2 these these DT 43297 1147 3 reasons reason NNS 43297 1147 4 , , , 43297 1147 5 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1147 6 is be VBZ 43297 1147 7 necessary necessary JJ 43297 1147 8 in in IN 43297 1147 9 studying study VBG 43297 1147 10 clays clay NNS 43297 1147 11 to to TO 43297 1147 12 pay pay VB 43297 1147 13 attention attention NN 43297 1147 14 to to IN 43297 1147 15 both both CC 43297 1147 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1147 17 physical physical JJ 43297 1147 18 and and CC 43297 1147 19 chemical chemical NN 43297 1147 20 properties property NNS 43297 1147 21 and and CC 43297 1147 22 to to TO 43297 1147 23 separate separate VB 43297 1147 24 the the DT 43297 1147 25 material material NN 43297 1147 26 into into IN 43297 1147 27 fractions fraction NNS 43297 1147 28 so so IN 43297 1147 29 that that IN 43297 1147 30 each each DT 43297 1147 31 of of IN 43297 1147 32 these these DT 43297 1147 33 may may MD 43297 1147 34 be be VB 43297 1147 35 studied study VBN 43297 1147 36 separately separately RB 43297 1147 37 and and CC 43297 1147 38 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1147 39 individual individual NN 43297 1147 40 as as RB 43297 1147 41 well well RB 43297 1147 42 as as IN 43297 1147 43 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1147 44 collective collective JJ 43297 1147 45 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1147 46 ascertained ascertain VBN 43297 1147 47 . . . 43297 1148 1 Failure failure NN 43297 1148 2 to to TO 43297 1148 3 do do VB 43297 1148 4 this this DT 43297 1148 5 has have VBZ 43297 1148 6 been be VBN 43297 1148 7 the the DT 43297 1148 8 cause cause NN 43297 1148 9 of of IN 43297 1148 10 much much JJ 43297 1148 11 obscurity obscurity NN 43297 1148 12 and and CC 43297 1148 13 confusion confusion NN 43297 1148 14 in in IN 43297 1148 15 investigations investigation NNS 43297 1148 16 on on IN 43297 1148 17 certain certain JJ 43297 1148 18 clays clay NNS 43297 1148 19 composed compose VBN 43297 1148 20 of of IN 43297 1148 21 a a DT 43297 1148 22 considerable considerable JJ 43297 1148 23 proportion proportion NN 43297 1148 24 of of IN 43297 1148 25 non non JJ 43297 1148 26 - - JJ 43297 1148 27 argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 1148 28 material material NN 43297 1148 29 which which WDT 43297 1148 30 ought ought MD 43297 1148 31 to to TO 43297 1148 32 have have VB 43297 1148 33 been be VBN 43297 1148 34 separated separate VBN 43297 1148 35 before before IN 43297 1148 36 any any DT 43297 1148 37 attempt attempt NN 43297 1148 38 was be VBD 43297 1148 39 made make VBN 43297 1148 40 to to TO 43297 1148 41 study study VB 43297 1148 42 the the DT 43297 1148 43 true true JJ 43297 1148 44 clay clay NN 43297 1148 45 present present NN 43297 1148 46 . . . 43297 1149 1 There there EX 43297 1149 2 is be VBZ 43297 1149 3 , , , 43297 1149 4 therefore therefore RB 43297 1149 5 , , , 43297 1149 6 a a DT 43297 1149 7 considerable considerable JJ 43297 1149 8 difference difference NN 43297 1149 9 between between IN 43297 1149 10 a a DT 43297 1149 11 natural natural JJ 43297 1149 12 clay clay NN 43297 1149 13 and and CC 43297 1149 14 the the DT 43297 1149 15 pure pure JJ 43297 1149 16 clay clay NN 43297 1149 17 substance substance NN 43297 1149 18 theoretically theoretically RB 43297 1149 19 obtainable obtainable JJ 43297 1149 20 from from IN 43297 1149 21 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1149 22 ; ; : 43297 1149 23 this this DT 43297 1149 24 difference difference NN 43297 1149 25 being be VBG 43297 1149 26 most most RBS 43297 1149 27 marked mark VBN 43297 1149 28 in in IN 43297 1149 29 the the DT 43297 1149 30 case case NN 43297 1149 31 of of IN 43297 1149 32 low low JJ 43297 1149 33 - - HYPH 43297 1149 34 grade grade NN 43297 1149 35 brick brick NN 43297 1149 36 clays clay NNS 43297 1149 37 of of IN 43297 1149 38 glacial glacial JJ 43297 1149 39 origin origin NN 43297 1149 40 , , , 43297 1149 41 which which WDT 43297 1149 42 may may MD 43297 1149 43 contain contain VB 43297 1149 44 50 50 CD 43297 1149 45 per per IN 43297 1149 46 cent cent NN 43297 1149 47 . . . 43297 1150 1 or or CC 43297 1150 2 more more JJR 43297 1150 3 of of IN 43297 1150 4 adventitious adventitious JJ 43297 1150 5 materials material NNS 43297 1150 6 . . . 43297 1151 1 If if IN 43297 1151 2 used use VBN 43297 1151 3 in in IN 43297 1151 4 a a DT 43297 1151 5 natural natural JJ 43297 1151 6 state state NN 43297 1151 7 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1151 8 would would MD 43297 1151 9 be be VB 43297 1151 10 found find VBN 43297 1151 11 to to TO 43297 1151 12 be be VB 43297 1151 13 valueless valueless JJ 43297 1151 14 on on IN 43297 1151 15 account account NN 43297 1151 16 of of IN 43297 1151 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1151 18 impurities impurity NNS 43297 1151 19 giving give VBG 43297 1151 20 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1151 21 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1151 22 of of IN 43297 1151 23 a a DT 43297 1151 24 highly highly RB 43297 1151 25 undesirable undesirable JJ 43297 1151 26 character character NN 43297 1151 27 , , , 43297 1151 28 whereas whereas IN 43297 1151 29 the the DT 43297 1151 30 true true JJ 43297 1151 31 clay clay NN 43297 1151 32 in in IN 43297 1151 33 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1151 34 is be VBZ 43297 1151 35 found find VBN 43297 1151 36 -- -- : 43297 1151 37 in in IN 43297 1151 38 so so RB 43297 1151 39 far far RB 43297 1151 40 as as IN 43297 1151 41 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1151 42 can can MD 43297 1151 43 be be VB 43297 1151 44 separated separate VBN 43297 1151 45 -- -- : 43297 1151 46 to to TO 43297 1151 47 bear bear VB 43297 1151 48 a a DT 43297 1151 49 close close JJ 43297 1151 50 resemblance resemblance NN 43297 1151 51 to to IN 43297 1151 52 that that DT 43297 1151 53 obtained obtain VBD 43297 1151 54 from from IN 43297 1151 55 a a DT 43297 1151 56 high high JJ 43297 1151 57 grade grade NN 43297 1151 58 , , , 43297 1151 59 plastic plastic NN 43297 1151 60 , , , 43297 1151 61 pottery pottery NN 43297 1151 62 clay clay NN 43297 1151 63 . . . 43297 1152 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 43297 1152 2 , , , 43297 1152 3 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1152 4 is be VBZ 43297 1152 5 , , , 43297 1152 6 at at IN 43297 1152 7 present present JJ 43297 1152 8 , , , 43297 1152 9 impossible impossible JJ 43297 1152 10 to to TO 43297 1152 11 isolate isolate VB 43297 1152 12 this this DT 43297 1152 13 clay clay NN 43297 1152 14 substance substance NN 43297 1152 15 in in IN 43297 1152 16 anything anything NN 43297 1152 17 approaching approach VBG 43297 1152 18 a a DT 43297 1152 19 pure pure JJ 43297 1152 20 form form NN 43297 1152 21 , , , 43297 1152 22 and and CC 43297 1152 23 many many JJ 43297 1152 24 clays clay NNS 43297 1152 25 are be VBP 43297 1152 26 without without IN 43297 1152 27 commercial commercial JJ 43297 1152 28 value value NN 43297 1152 29 because because IN 43297 1152 30 of of IN 43297 1152 31 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 1152 32 small small JJ 43297 1152 33 proportions proportion NNS 43297 1152 34 of of IN 43297 1152 35 impurities impurity NNS 43297 1152 36 which which WDT 43297 1152 37 can can MD 43297 1152 38 not not RB 43297 1152 39 be be VB 43297 1152 40 separated separate VBN 43297 1152 41 from from IN 43297 1152 42 the the DT 43297 1152 43 clay clay NN 43297 1152 44 substance substance NN 43297 1152 45 without without IN 43297 1152 46 destroying destroy VBG 43297 1152 47 the the DT 43297 1152 48 latter latter JJ 43297 1152 49 . . . 43297 1153 1 Classification classification NN 43297 1153 2 of of IN 43297 1153 3 Clays clay NNS 43297 1153 4 . . . 43297 1154 1 Owing owe VBG 43297 1154 2 to to IN 43297 1154 3 the the DT 43297 1154 4 widely widely RB 43297 1154 5 differing differing JJ 43297 1154 6 substances substance NNS 43297 1154 7 from from IN 43297 1154 8 which which WDT 43297 1154 9 clays clay NNS 43297 1154 10 can can MD 43297 1154 11 , , , 43297 1154 12 apparently apparently RB 43297 1154 13 , , , 43297 1154 14 be be VB 43297 1154 15 formed form VBN 43297 1154 16 and and CC 43297 1154 17 the the DT 43297 1154 18 peculiar peculiar JJ 43297 1154 19 difficulties difficulty NNS 43297 1154 20 which which WDT 43297 1154 21 are be VBP 43297 1154 22 experienced experience VBN 43297 1154 23 in in IN 43297 1154 24 investigating investigate VBG 43297 1154 25 the the DT 43297 1154 26 nature nature NN 43297 1154 27 of of IN 43297 1154 28 clay clay NN 43297 1154 29 substance substance NN 43297 1154 30 from from IN 43297 1154 31 different different JJ 43297 1154 32 sources source NNS 43297 1154 33 , , , 43297 1154 34 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1154 35 is be VBZ 43297 1154 36 by by IN 43297 1154 37 no no DT 43297 1154 38 means means NN 43297 1154 39 easy easy JJ 43297 1154 40 to to TO 43297 1154 41 devise devise VB 43297 1154 42 a a DT 43297 1154 43 scheme scheme NN 43297 1154 44 of of IN 43297 1154 45 classification classification NN 43297 1154 46 of of IN 43297 1154 47 clays clay NNS 43297 1154 48 , , , 43297 1154 49 though though IN 43297 1154 50 many many JJ 43297 1154 51 of of IN 43297 1154 52 these these DT 43297 1154 53 have have VBP 43297 1154 54 been be VBN 43297 1154 55 attempted attempt VBN 43297 1154 56 by by IN 43297 1154 57 different different JJ 43297 1154 58 scientists scientist NNS 43297 1154 59 . . . 43297 1155 1 The the DT 43297 1155 2 classification classification NN 43297 1155 3 adopted adopt VBN 43297 1155 4 by by IN 43297 1155 5 geologists geologist NNS 43297 1155 6 is be VBZ 43297 1155 7 based base VBN 43297 1155 8 on on IN 43297 1155 9 the the DT 43297 1155 10 fossil fossil NN 43297 1155 11 remains remain NNS 43297 1155 12 and and CC 43297 1155 13 on on IN 43297 1155 14 the the DT 43297 1155 15 stratigraphical stratigraphical JJ 43297 1155 16 position position NN 43297 1155 17 of of IN 43297 1155 18 clays clay NNS 43297 1155 19 relative relative JJ 43297 1155 20 to to IN 43297 1155 21 other other JJ 43297 1155 22 rocks rock NNS 43297 1155 23 , , , 43297 1155 24 as as IN 43297 1155 25 described describe VBN 43297 1155 26 in in IN 43297 1155 27 Chapter Chapter NNP 43297 1155 28 II II NNP 43297 1155 29 . . . 43297 1156 1 This this DT 43297 1156 2 is be VBZ 43297 1156 3 of of IN 43297 1156 4 great great JJ 43297 1156 5 value value NN 43297 1156 6 for for IN 43297 1156 7 some some DT 43297 1156 8 purposes purpose NNS 43297 1156 9 , , , 43297 1156 10 but but CC 43297 1156 11 the the DT 43297 1156 12 composition composition NN 43297 1156 13 of of IN 43297 1156 14 the the DT 43297 1156 15 substances substance NNS 43297 1156 16 termed term VBN 43297 1156 17 ' ' `` 43297 1156 18 clay clay NN 43297 1156 19 ' ' '' 43297 1156 20 by by IN 43297 1156 21 geologists geologist NNS 43297 1156 22 differs differ NNS 43297 1156 23 so so RB 43297 1156 24 greatly greatly RB 43297 1156 25 , , , 43297 1156 26 even even RB 43297 1156 27 when when WRB 43297 1156 28 only only RB 43297 1156 29 one one CD 43297 1156 30 formation formation NN 43297 1156 31 is be VBZ 43297 1156 32 considered consider VBN 43297 1156 33 , , , 43297 1156 34 as as IN 43297 1156 35 to to TO 43297 1156 36 make make VB 43297 1156 37 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1156 38 classification classification NN 43297 1156 39 of of IN 43297 1156 40 little little JJ 43297 1156 41 or or CC 43297 1156 42 no no DT 43297 1156 43 use use NN 43297 1156 44 where where WRB 43297 1156 45 the the DT 43297 1156 46 value value NN 43297 1156 47 or or CC 43297 1156 48 worthlessness worthlessness NN 43297 1156 49 of of IN 43297 1156 50 the the DT 43297 1156 51 material material NN 43297 1156 52 depends depend VBZ 43297 1156 53 upon upon IN 43297 1156 54 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1156 55 composition composition NN 43297 1156 56 . . . 43297 1157 1 Thus thus RB 43297 1157 2 the the DT 43297 1157 3 so so RB 43297 1157 4 - - HYPH 43297 1157 5 called call VBN 43297 1157 6 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 1157 7 clay clay NN 43297 1157 8 ranges range NNS 43297 1157 9 from from IN 43297 1157 10 a a DT 43297 1157 11 hard hard JJ 43297 1157 12 silicious silicious JJ 43297 1157 13 shale shale NN 43297 1157 14 to to IN 43297 1157 15 a a DT 43297 1157 16 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 1157 17 pure pure JJ 43297 1157 18 clay clay NN 43297 1157 19 ; ; : 43297 1157 20 some some DT 43297 1157 21 portions portion NNS 43297 1157 22 of of IN 43297 1157 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1157 24 are be VBP 43297 1157 25 so so RB 43297 1157 26 contaminated contaminate VBN 43297 1157 27 with with IN 43297 1157 28 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 1157 29 and and CC 43297 1157 30 ferruginous ferruginous JJ 43297 1157 31 matter matter NN 43297 1157 32 as as IN 43297 1157 33 to to TO 43297 1157 34 make make VB 43297 1157 35 the the DT 43297 1157 36 material material NN 43297 1157 37 quite quite RB 43297 1157 38 useless useless JJ 43297 1157 39 for for IN 43297 1157 40 the the DT 43297 1157 41 potter potter NN 43297 1157 42 or or CC 43297 1157 43 clayworker clayworker NN 43297 1157 44 . . . 43297 1158 1 A a DT 43297 1158 2 geological geological JJ 43297 1158 3 classification classification NN 43297 1158 4 of of IN 43297 1158 5 clays clay NNS 43297 1158 6 is be VBZ 43297 1158 7 chiefly chiefly RB 43297 1158 8 of of IN 43297 1158 9 value value NN 43297 1158 10 as as IN 43297 1158 11 indicating indicate VBG 43297 1158 12 probable probable JJ 43297 1158 13 origins origin NNS 43297 1158 14 , , , 43297 1158 15 impurities impurity NNS 43297 1158 16 and and CC 43297 1158 17 certain certain JJ 43297 1158 18 physical physical JJ 43297 1158 19 properties property NNS 43297 1158 20 ; ; : 43297 1158 21 but but CC 43297 1158 22 the the DT 43297 1158 23 limits limit NNS 43297 1158 24 of of IN 43297 1158 25 composition composition NN 43297 1158 26 and and CC 43297 1158 27 general general JJ 43297 1158 28 characteristics characteristic NNS 43297 1158 29 are be VBP 43297 1158 30 so so RB 43297 1158 31 wide wide JJ 43297 1158 32 as as IN 43297 1158 33 to to TO 43297 1158 34 make make VB 43297 1158 35 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1158 36 of of IN 43297 1158 37 very very RB 43297 1158 38 limited limited JJ 43297 1158 39 usefulness usefulness NN 43297 1158 40 . . . 43297 1159 1 The the DT 43297 1159 2 classification classification NN 43297 1159 3 of of IN 43297 1159 4 clays clay NNS 43297 1159 5 on on IN 43297 1159 6 a a DT 43297 1159 7 basis basis NN 43297 1159 8 of of IN 43297 1159 9 chemical chemical JJ 43297 1159 10 composition composition NN 43297 1159 11 is be VBZ 43297 1159 12 rendered render VBN 43297 1159 13 of of IN 43297 1159 14 comparatively comparatively RB 43297 1159 15 little little JJ 43297 1159 16 value value NN 43297 1159 17 by by IN 43297 1159 18 the the DT 43297 1159 19 large large JJ 43297 1159 20 number number NN 43297 1159 21 of of IN 43297 1159 22 clays clay NNS 43297 1159 23 which which WDT 43297 1159 24 occupy occupy VBP 43297 1159 25 ill ill RB 43297 1159 26 - - HYPH 43297 1159 27 defined define VBN 43297 1159 28 borders border NNS 43297 1159 29 between between IN 43297 1159 30 the the DT 43297 1159 31 more more RBR 43297 1159 32 clearly clearly RB 43297 1159 33 marked mark VBN 43297 1159 34 classes class NNS 43297 1159 35 . . . 43297 1160 1 Moreover moreover RB 43297 1160 2 , , , 43297 1160 3 attempts attempt VBZ 43297 1160 4 to to TO 43297 1160 5 predict predict VB 43297 1160 6 the the DT 43297 1160 7 value value NN 43297 1160 8 and and CC 43297 1160 9 uses use NNS 43297 1160 10 of of IN 43297 1160 11 clays clay NNS 43297 1160 12 from from IN 43297 1160 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1160 14 chemical chemical NN 43297 1160 15 composition composition NN 43297 1160 16 are be VBP 43297 1160 17 generally generally RB 43297 1160 18 so so RB 43297 1160 19 misleading misleading JJ 43297 1160 20 as as IN 43297 1160 21 to to TO 43297 1160 22 be be VB 43297 1160 23 worse bad JJR 43297 1160 24 than than IN 43297 1160 25 useless useless JJ 43297 1160 26 , , , 43297 1160 27 unless unless IN 43297 1160 28 a a DT 43297 1160 29 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 1160 30 of of IN 43297 1160 31 some some DT 43297 1160 32 of of IN 43297 1160 33 the the DT 43297 1160 34 physical physical JJ 43297 1160 35 characters character NNS 43297 1160 36 of of IN 43297 1160 37 the the DT 43297 1160 38 clays clay NNS 43297 1160 39 is be VBZ 43297 1160 40 available available JJ 43297 1160 41 . . . 43297 1161 1 It -PRON- PRP 43297 1161 2 is be VBZ 43297 1161 3 , , , 43297 1161 4 of of IN 43297 1161 5 course course NN 43297 1161 6 , , , 43297 1161 7 possible possible JJ 43297 1161 8 to to TO 43297 1161 9 differentiate differentiate VB 43297 1161 10 some some DT 43297 1161 11 clays clay NNS 43297 1161 12 from from IN 43297 1161 13 others other NNS 43297 1161 14 by by IN 43297 1161 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1161 16 composition composition NN 43297 1161 17 , , , 43297 1161 18 but but CC 43297 1161 19 not not RB 43297 1161 20 with with IN 43297 1161 21 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 1161 22 accuracy accuracy NN 43297 1161 23 to to TO 43297 1161 24 permit permit NN 43297 1161 25 of of IN 43297 1161 26 definite definite JJ 43297 1161 27 and and CC 43297 1161 28 accurate accurate JJ 43297 1161 29 classification classification NN 43297 1161 30 . . . 43297 1162 1 A a DT 43297 1162 2 classification classification NN 43297 1162 3 based base VBN 43297 1162 4 exclusively exclusively RB 43297 1162 5 on on IN 43297 1162 6 the the DT 43297 1162 7 composition composition NN 43297 1162 8 of of IN 43297 1162 9 clays clay NNS 43297 1162 10 is be VBZ 43297 1162 11 equally equally RB 43297 1162 12 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 43297 1162 13 for for IN 43297 1162 14 other other JJ 43297 1162 15 reasons reason NNS 43297 1162 16 , , , 43297 1162 17 the the DT 43297 1162 18 chief chief NN 43297 1162 19 of of IN 43297 1162 20 which which WDT 43297 1162 21 is be VBZ 43297 1162 22 the the DT 43297 1162 23 placing place VBG 43297 1162 24 together together RB 43297 1162 25 of of IN 43297 1162 26 clays clay NNS 43297 1162 27 of of IN 43297 1162 28 widely widely RB 43297 1162 29 differing differ VBG 43297 1162 30 physical physical JJ 43297 1162 31 character character NN 43297 1162 32 , , , 43297 1162 33 and and CC 43297 1162 34 the the DT 43297 1162 35 separation separation NN 43297 1162 36 of of IN 43297 1162 37 clays clay NNS 43297 1162 38 capable capable JJ 43297 1162 39 of of IN 43297 1162 40 being be VBG 43297 1162 41 used use VBN 43297 1162 42 for for IN 43297 1162 43 a a DT 43297 1162 44 particular particular JJ 43297 1162 45 purpose purpose NN 43297 1162 46 . . . 43297 1163 1 To to IN 43297 1163 2 some some DT 43297 1163 3 extent extent NN 43297 1163 4 the the DT 43297 1163 5 latter latter JJ 43297 1163 6 objection objection NN 43297 1163 7 may may MD 43297 1163 8 be be VB 43297 1163 9 disregarded disregard VBN 43297 1163 10 , , , 43297 1163 11 though though IN 43297 1163 12 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1163 13 is be VBZ 43297 1163 14 of of IN 43297 1163 15 great great JJ 43297 1163 16 importance importance NN 43297 1163 17 in in IN 43297 1163 18 considering consider VBG 43297 1163 19 the the DT 43297 1163 20 commercial commercial JJ 43297 1163 21 value value NN 43297 1163 22 of of IN 43297 1163 23 a a DT 43297 1163 24 clay clay NN 43297 1163 25 . . . 43297 1164 1 Classification classification NN 43297 1164 2 based base VBN 43297 1164 3 on on IN 43297 1164 4 the the DT 43297 1164 5 uses use NNS 43297 1164 6 of of IN 43297 1164 7 clays clay NNS 43297 1164 8 of of IN 43297 1164 9 different different JJ 43297 1164 10 kinds kind NNS 43297 1164 11 has have VBZ 43297 1164 12 been be VBN 43297 1164 13 suggested suggest VBN 43297 1164 14 by by IN 43297 1164 15 several several JJ 43297 1164 16 eminent eminent JJ 43297 1164 17 ceramists ceramist NNS 43297 1164 18 , , , 43297 1164 19 but but CC 43297 1164 20 is be VBZ 43297 1164 21 obviously obviously RB 43297 1164 22 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 43297 1164 23 , , , 43297 1164 24 particularly particularly RB 43297 1164 25 as as IN 43297 1164 26 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1164 27 is be VBZ 43297 1164 28 by by IN 43297 1164 29 no no DT 43297 1164 30 means means NN 43297 1164 31 uncommon uncommon JJ 43297 1164 32 to to TO 43297 1164 33 use use VB 43297 1164 34 mixtures mixture NNS 43297 1164 35 of of IN 43297 1164 36 clays clay NNS 43297 1164 37 and and CC 43297 1164 38 other other JJ 43297 1164 39 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1164 40 for for IN 43297 1164 41 some some DT 43297 1164 42 purposes purpose NNS 43297 1164 43 . . . 43297 1165 1 Thus thus RB 43297 1165 2 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 1165 3 clays clay NNS 43297 1165 4 must must MD 43297 1165 5 be be VB 43297 1165 6 vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 1165 7 under under IN 43297 1165 8 conditions condition NNS 43297 1165 9 which which WDT 43297 1165 10 may may MD 43297 1165 11 be be VB 43297 1165 12 defined define VBN 43297 1165 13 with with IN 43297 1165 14 sufficient sufficient JJ 43297 1165 15 accuracy accuracy NN 43297 1165 16 , , , 43297 1165 17 but but CC 43297 1165 18 many many JJ 43297 1165 19 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 43297 1165 20 of of IN 43297 1165 21 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 1165 22 do do VBP 43297 1165 23 not not RB 43297 1165 24 use use VB 43297 1165 25 clays clay NNS 43297 1165 26 which which WDT 43297 1165 27 are be VBP 43297 1165 28 naturally naturally RB 43297 1165 29 vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 1165 30 ; ; : 43297 1165 31 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1165 32 employ employ VBP 43297 1165 33 a a DT 43297 1165 34 mixture mixture NN 43297 1165 35 of of IN 43297 1165 36 refractory refractory JJ 43297 1165 37 clay clay NN 43297 1165 38 and and CC 43297 1165 39 other other JJ 43297 1165 40 minerals mineral NNS 43297 1165 41 to to TO 43297 1165 42 obtain obtain VB 43297 1165 43 the the DT 43297 1165 44 material material NN 43297 1165 45 they -PRON- PRP 43297 1165 46 require require VBP 43297 1165 47 . . . 43297 1166 1 A a DT 43297 1166 2 classification classification NN 43297 1166 3 based base VBN 43297 1166 4 on on IN 43297 1166 5 the the DT 43297 1166 6 origin origin NN 43297 1166 7 of of IN 43297 1166 8 clays clay NNS 43297 1166 9 regarded regard VBN 43297 1166 10 from from IN 43297 1166 11 the the DT 43297 1166 12 petrological petrological JJ 43297 1166 13 point point NN 43297 1166 14 of of IN 43297 1166 15 view view NN 43297 1166 16 offers offer VBZ 43297 1166 17 some some DT 43297 1166 18 advantages advantage NNS 43297 1166 19 , , , 43297 1166 20 but but CC 43297 1166 21 is be VBZ 43297 1166 22 too too RB 43297 1166 23 cumbersome cumbersome JJ 43297 1166 24 for for IN 43297 1166 25 ordinary ordinary JJ 43297 1166 26 purposes purpose NNS 43297 1166 27 and and CC 43297 1166 28 suffers suffer NNS 43297 1166 29 from from IN 43297 1166 30 the the DT 43297 1166 31 disadvantage disadvantage NN 43297 1166 32 that that WDT 43297 1166 33 the the DT 43297 1166 34 origin origin NN 43297 1166 35 of of IN 43297 1166 36 some some DT 43297 1166 37 important important JJ 43297 1166 38 clays clay NNS 43297 1166 39 is be VBZ 43297 1166 40 by by IN 43297 1166 41 no no DT 43297 1166 42 means means NN 43297 1166 43 clearly clearly RB 43297 1166 44 known know VBN 43297 1166 45 . . . 43297 1167 1 The the DT 43297 1167 2 author author NN 43297 1167 3 prefers prefer VBZ 43297 1167 4 a a DT 43297 1167 5 modification modification NN 43297 1167 6 of of IN 43297 1167 7 Grimsley Grimsley NNP 43297 1167 8 's 's POS 43297 1167 9 and and CC 43297 1167 10 Grout Grout NNP 43297 1167 11 's 's POS 43297 1167 12 classification classification NN 43297 1167 13 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1167 14 31 31 CD 43297 1167 15 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1167 16 as as IN 43297 1167 17 follows follow VBZ 43297 1167 18 : : : 43297 1167 19 I. i. NN 43297 1168 1 Primary primary JJ 43297 1168 2 clays clay NNS 43297 1168 3 . . . 43297 1169 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1169 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1169 3 a a DT 43297 1169 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1169 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1169 6 Clays clay NNS 43297 1169 7 produced produce VBN 43297 1169 8 by by IN 43297 1169 9 ' ' `` 43297 1169 10 weathering weather VBG 43297 1169 11 ' ' '' 43297 1169 12 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1169 13 -- -- : 43297 1169 14 as as IN 43297 1169 15 some some DT 43297 1169 16 kaolins kaolin NNS 43297 1169 17 . . . 43297 1170 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1170 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1170 3 b b NNP 43297 1170 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1170 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1170 6 Clays clay NNS 43297 1170 7 produced produce VBN 43297 1170 8 by by IN 43297 1170 9 lateritic lateritic JJ 43297 1170 10 action action NN 43297 1170 11 -- -- : 43297 1170 12 very very RB 43297 1170 13 rich rich JJ 43297 1170 14 in in IN 43297 1170 15 alumina alumina NNP 43297 1170 16 , , , 43297 1170 17 some some DT 43297 1170 18 of of IN 43297 1170 19 which which WDT 43297 1170 20 is be VBZ 43297 1170 21 apparently apparently RB 43297 1170 22 in in IN 43297 1170 23 a a DT 43297 1170 24 free free JJ 43297 1170 25 state state NN 43297 1170 26 . . . 43297 1171 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1171 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1171 3 c c NNP 43297 1171 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1171 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1171 6 Clays clay NNS 43297 1171 7 produced produce VBN 43297 1171 8 by by IN 43297 1171 9 telluric telluric NN 43297 1171 10 water water NN 43297 1171 11 containing contain VBG 43297 1171 12 active active JJ 43297 1171 13 gases gas NNS 43297 1171 14 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1171 15 hypogenically hypogenically RB 43297 1171 16 formed form VBN 43297 1171 17 clays)--as clays)--as NNP 43297 1171 18 Cornish Cornish NNP 43297 1171 19 china china NNP 43297 1171 20 clay clay NN 43297 1171 21 . . . 43297 1172 1 II ii CD 43297 1172 2 . . . 43297 1173 1 Secondary secondary JJ 43297 1173 2 clays clay NNS 43297 1173 3 . . . 43297 1174 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1174 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1174 3 d d NNP 43297 1174 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1174 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1174 6 Refractory[16 Refractory[16 , 43297 1174 7 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1174 8 secondary secondary JJ 43297 1174 9 clays clay NNS 43297 1174 10 -- -- : 43297 1174 11 as as IN 43297 1174 12 fireclays fireclay NNS 43297 1174 13 and and CC 43297 1174 14 some some DT 43297 1174 15 pipe pipe NN 43297 1174 16 clays clay NNS 43297 1174 17 . . . 43297 1175 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1175 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1175 3 e e NNP 43297 1175 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1175 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1175 6 Pale pale NN 43297 1175 7 - - HYPH 43297 1175 8 burning burn VBG 43297 1175 9 non non JJ 43297 1175 10 - - JJ 43297 1175 11 refractory refractory JJ 43297 1175 12 clays clay NNS 43297 1175 13 -- -- : 43297 1175 14 as as IN 43297 1175 15 pottery pottery NN 43297 1175 16 clays clay NNS 43297 1175 17 , , , 43297 1175 18 ball ball NN 43297 1175 19 clays clay NNS 43297 1175 20 and and CC 43297 1175 21 some some DT 43297 1175 22 shales shale NNS 43297 1175 23 . . . 43297 1176 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1176 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1176 3 f f NNP 43297 1176 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1176 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1176 6 Vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 1176 7 clays clay NNS 43297 1176 8 -- -- : 43297 1176 9 as as IN 43297 1176 10 stoneware stoneware NN 43297 1176 11 clays clay NNS 43297 1176 12 , , , 43297 1176 13 paving pave VBG 43297 1176 14 brick brick NN 43297 1176 15 clays clay NNS 43297 1176 16 . . . 43297 1177 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1177 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1177 3 g g NNP 43297 1177 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1177 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1177 6 Red Red NNP 43297 1177 7 - - HYPH 43297 1177 8 burning burning NN 43297 1177 9 and and CC 43297 1177 10 non non JJ 43297 1177 11 - - JJ 43297 1177 12 refractory refractory JJ 43297 1177 13 clays clay NNS 43297 1177 14 -- -- : 43297 1177 15 as as IN 43297 1177 16 brick brick NN 43297 1177 17 and and CC 43297 1177 18 terra terra NN 43297 1177 19 - - HYPH 43297 1177 20 cotta cotta NNP 43297 1177 21 clays clay NNS 43297 1177 22 and and CC 43297 1177 23 shales shale NNS 43297 1177 24 . . . 43297 1178 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1178 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1178 3 h h NNP 43297 1178 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1178 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1178 6 Calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 1178 7 clays clay NNS 43297 1178 8 or or CC 43297 1178 9 marls marl NNS 43297 1178 10 , , , 43297 1178 11 including include VBG 43297 1178 12 all all DT 43297 1178 13 clays clay NNS 43297 1178 14 containing contain VBG 43297 1178 15 more more JJR 43297 1178 16 than than IN 43297 1178 17 5 5 CD 43297 1178 18 per per NN 43297 1178 19 cent cent NN 43297 1178 20 . . . 43297 1179 1 of of IN 43297 1179 2 calcium calcium NN 43297 1179 3 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 1179 4 . . . 43297 1180 1 III iii CD 43297 1180 2 . . . 43297 1181 1 Residual residual JJ 43297 1181 2 clays clay NNS 43297 1181 3 . . . 43297 1182 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1182 2 _ _ NNP 43297 1182 3 i i PRP 43297 1182 4 _ _ NNP 43297 1182 5 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1182 6 Clays clay NNS 43297 1182 7 which which WDT 43297 1182 8 have have VBP 43297 1182 9 been be VBN 43297 1182 10 formed form VBN 43297 1182 11 by by IN 43297 1182 12 one one CD 43297 1182 13 of of IN 43297 1182 14 the the DT 43297 1182 15 foregoing foregoing JJ 43297 1182 16 actions action NNS 43297 1182 17 and and CC 43297 1182 18 have have VBP 43297 1182 19 been be VBN 43297 1182 20 deposited deposit VBN 43297 1182 21 along along IN 43297 1182 22 with with IN 43297 1182 23 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 1182 24 or or CC 43297 1182 25 other other JJ 43297 1182 26 matter matter NN 43297 1182 27 but but CC 43297 1182 28 , , , 43297 1182 29 on on IN 43297 1182 30 the the DT 43297 1182 31 latter latter JJ 43297 1182 32 being be VBG 43297 1182 33 removed remove VBN 43297 1182 34 by by IN 43297 1182 35 subsequent subsequent JJ 43297 1182 36 solution solution NN 43297 1182 37 , , , 43297 1182 38 the the DT 43297 1182 39 clay clay NN 43297 1182 40 has have VBZ 43297 1182 41 remained remain VBN 43297 1182 42 behind behind RB 43297 1182 43 -- -- : 43297 1182 44 as as IN 43297 1182 45 the the DT 43297 1182 46 white white JJ 43297 1182 47 clays clay NNS 43297 1182 48 of of IN 43297 1182 49 the the DT 43297 1182 50 Derbyshire Derbyshire NNP 43297 1182 51 hills hill NNS 43297 1182 52 . . . 43297 1183 1 [ [ -LRB- 43297 1183 2 Footnote Footnote NNP 43297 1183 3 16 16 CD 43297 1183 4 : : : 43297 1183 5 A a DT 43297 1183 6 refractory refractory JJ 43297 1183 7 clay clay NN 43297 1183 8 is be VBZ 43297 1183 9 one one CD 43297 1183 10 which which WDT 43297 1183 11 does do VBZ 43297 1183 12 not not RB 43297 1183 13 soften soften VB 43297 1183 14 sufficiently sufficiently RB 43297 1183 15 to to TO 43297 1183 16 commence commence VB 43297 1183 17 losing lose VBG 43297 1183 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1183 19 shape shape NN 43297 1183 20 at at IN 43297 1183 21 any any DT 43297 1183 22 temperature temperature NN 43297 1183 23 below below IN 43297 1183 24 that that DT 43297 1183 25 needed need VBD 43297 1183 26 to to TO 43297 1183 27 bend bend VB 43297 1183 28 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1183 29 Cone Cone NNP 43297 1183 30 26 26 CD 43297 1183 31 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1183 32 approximately approximately RB 43297 1183 33 1600 1600 CD 43297 1183 34 ° ° , 43297 1183 35 C C NNP 43297 1183 36 . . . 43297 1183 37 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1184 1 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1184 2 see see VB 43297 1184 3 p. p. NN 43297 1185 1 116 116 CD 43297 1185 2 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1185 3 . . . 43297 1185 4 ] ] -RRB- 43297 1186 1 Some some DT 43297 1186 2 further further JJ 43297 1186 3 sub sub NN 43297 1186 4 - - NN 43297 1186 5 division division NN 43297 1186 6 is be VBZ 43297 1186 7 necessary necessary JJ 43297 1186 8 for for IN 43297 1186 9 special special JJ 43297 1186 10 purposes purpose NNS 43297 1186 11 , , , 43297 1186 12 particularly particularly RB 43297 1186 13 in in IN 43297 1186 14 sections section NNS 43297 1186 15 _ _ NNP 43297 1186 16 e e NNP 43297 1186 17 _ _ NNP 43297 1186 18 , , , 43297 1186 19 _ _ NNP 43297 1186 20 f f NNP 43297 1186 21 _ _ NNP 43297 1186 22 and and CC 43297 1186 23 _ _ NNP 43297 1186 24 h h NNP 43297 1186 25 _ _ NNP 43297 1186 26 , , , 43297 1186 27 but but CC 43297 1186 28 to to TO 43297 1186 29 include include VB 43297 1186 30 further further JJ 43297 1186 31 details detail NNS 43297 1186 32 would would MD 43297 1186 33 only only RB 43297 1186 34 obscure obscure VB 43297 1186 35 the the DT 43297 1186 36 general general JJ 43297 1186 37 scheme scheme NN 43297 1186 38 . . . 43297 1187 1 Some some DT 43297 1187 2 clays clay NNS 43297 1187 3 will will MD 43297 1187 4 , , , 43297 1187 5 apparently apparently RB 43297 1187 6 , , , 43297 1187 7 be be VB 43297 1187 8 capable capable JJ 43297 1187 9 of of IN 43297 1187 10 classification classification NN 43297 1187 11 in in IN 43297 1187 12 more more JJR 43297 1187 13 than than IN 43297 1187 14 one one CD 43297 1187 15 section section NN 43297 1187 16 , , , 43297 1187 17 thus thus RB 43297 1187 18 a a DT 43297 1187 19 vitrifiable vitrifiable JJ 43297 1187 20 clay clay NN 43297 1187 21 may may MD 43297 1187 22 owe owe VB 43297 1187 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1187 24 characteristic characteristic NN 43297 1187 25 to to IN 43297 1187 26 a a DT 43297 1187 27 high high JJ 43297 1187 28 proportion proportion NN 43297 1187 29 of of IN 43297 1187 30 calcium calcium NN 43297 1187 31 carbonate carbonate NN 43297 1187 32 and and CC 43297 1187 33 so so RB 43297 1187 34 be be VB 43297 1187 35 capable capable JJ 43297 1187 36 of of IN 43297 1187 37 inclusion inclusion NN 43297 1187 38 as as IN 43297 1187 39 a a DT 43297 1187 40 calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 1187 41 clay clay NN 43297 1187 42 . . . 43297 1188 1 Broadly broadly RB 43297 1188 2 speaking speak VBG 43297 1188 3 , , , 43297 1188 4 however however RB 43297 1188 5 , , , 43297 1188 6 if if IN 43297 1188 7 the the DT 43297 1188 8 clay clay NN 43297 1188 9 is be VBZ 43297 1188 10 tested test VBN 43297 1188 11 as as IN 43297 1188 12 to to IN 43297 1188 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1188 14 inclusion inclusion NN 43297 1188 15 in in IN 43297 1188 16 each each DT 43297 1188 17 section section NN 43297 1188 18 of of IN 43297 1188 19 the the DT 43297 1188 20 scheme scheme NN 43297 1188 21 in in IN 43297 1188 22 turn turn NN 43297 1188 23 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1188 24 will will MD 43297 1188 25 be be VB 43297 1188 26 found find VBN 43297 1188 27 that that IN 43297 1188 28 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1188 29 highest high JJS 43297 1188 30 value value NN 43297 1188 31 will will MD 43297 1188 32 be be VB 43297 1188 33 in in IN 43297 1188 34 the the DT 43297 1188 35 section section NN 43297 1188 36 which which WDT 43297 1188 37 is be VBZ 43297 1188 38 nearest near JJS 43297 1188 39 to to IN 43297 1188 40 the the DT 43297 1188 41 first first JJ 43297 1188 42 in in IN 43297 1188 43 which which WDT 43297 1188 44 the the DT 43297 1188 45 clay clay NN 43297 1188 46 can can MD 43297 1188 47 legitimately legitimately RB 43297 1188 48 be be VB 43297 1188 49 placed place VBN 43297 1188 50 . . . 43297 1189 1 From from IN 43297 1189 2 a a DT 43297 1189 3 consideration consideration NN 43297 1189 4 of of IN 43297 1189 5 a a DT 43297 1189 6 classification classification NN 43297 1189 7 such such JJ 43297 1189 8 as as IN 43297 1189 9 the the DT 43297 1189 10 foregoing foregoing NN 43297 1189 11 , , , 43297 1189 12 together together RB 43297 1189 13 with with IN 43297 1189 14 a a DT 43297 1189 15 detailed detailed JJ 43297 1189 16 study study NN 43297 1189 17 of of IN 43297 1189 18 the the DT 43297 1189 19 physical physical JJ 43297 1189 20 and and CC 43297 1189 21 chemical chemical NN 43297 1189 22 properties property NNS 43297 1189 23 of of IN 43297 1189 24 the the DT 43297 1189 25 material material NN 43297 1189 26 as as IN 43297 1189 27 a a DT 43297 1189 28 whole whole NN 43297 1189 29 , , , 43297 1189 30 and and CC 43297 1189 31 also also RB 43297 1189 32 of of IN 43297 1189 33 the the DT 43297 1189 34 various various JJ 43297 1189 35 portions portion NNS 43297 1189 36 into into IN 43297 1189 37 which which WDT 43297 1189 38 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1189 39 may may MD 43297 1189 40 be be VB 43297 1189 41 divided divide VBN 43297 1189 42 -- -- : 43297 1189 43 particularly particularly RB 43297 1189 44 that that DT 43297 1189 45 which which WDT 43297 1189 46 has have VBZ 43297 1189 47 been be VBN 43297 1189 48 isolated isolate VBN 43297 1189 49 by by IN 43297 1189 50 mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 1189 51 methods method NNS 43297 1189 52 of of IN 43297 1189 53 purification purification NN 43297 1189 54 and and CC 43297 1189 55 separation separation NN 43297 1189 56 -- -- : 43297 1189 57 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1189 58 is be VBZ 43297 1189 59 not not RB 43297 1189 60 difficult difficult JJ 43297 1189 61 to to TO 43297 1189 62 gain gain VB 43297 1189 63 a a DT 43297 1189 64 fairly fairly RB 43297 1189 65 accurate accurate JJ 43297 1189 66 idea idea NN 43297 1189 67 of of IN 43297 1189 68 the the DT 43297 1189 69 nature nature NN 43297 1189 70 of of IN 43297 1189 71 any any DT 43297 1189 72 clay clay NN 43297 1189 73 . . . 43297 1190 1 Although although IN 43297 1190 2 the the DT 43297 1190 3 present present JJ 43297 1190 4 state state NN 43297 1190 5 of of IN 43297 1190 6 knowledge knowledge NN 43297 1190 7 does do VBZ 43297 1190 8 not not RB 43297 1190 9 permit permit VB 43297 1190 10 them -PRON- PRP 43297 1190 11 to to TO 43297 1190 12 be be VB 43297 1190 13 classified classify VBN 43297 1190 14 with with IN 43297 1190 15 such such JJ 43297 1190 16 detail detail NN 43297 1190 17 as as IN 43297 1190 18 is be VBZ 43297 1190 19 the the DT 43297 1190 20 case case NN 43297 1190 21 with with IN 43297 1190 22 plants plant NNS 43297 1190 23 , , , 43297 1190 24 animals animal NNS 43297 1190 25 , , , 43297 1190 26 or or CC 43297 1190 27 simple simple JJ 43297 1190 28 chemical chemical JJ 43297 1190 29 compounds compound NNS 43297 1190 30 , , , 43297 1190 31 the the DT 43297 1190 32 study study NN 43297 1190 33 of of IN 43297 1190 34 clays clay NNS 43297 1190 35 and and CC 43297 1190 36 the the DT 43297 1190 37 allied ally VBN 43297 1190 38 materials material NNS 43297 1190 39 has have VBZ 43297 1190 40 a a DT 43297 1190 41 fascination fascination NN 43297 1190 42 peculiarly peculiarly RB 43297 1190 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1190 44 own own JJ 43297 1190 45 , , , 43297 1190 46 not not RB 43297 1190 47 the the DT 43297 1190 48 least least JJS 43297 1190 49 interesting interesting JJ 43297 1190 50 features feature NNS 43297 1190 51 of of IN 43297 1190 52 which which WDT 43297 1190 53 are be VBP 43297 1190 54 those those DT 43297 1190 55 properties property NNS 43297 1190 56 of of IN 43297 1190 57 the the DT 43297 1190 58 clay clay NN 43297 1190 59 after after IN 43297 1190 60 it -PRON- PRP 43297 1190 61 has have VBZ 43297 1190 62 been be VBN 43297 1190 63 made make VBN 43297 1190 64 into into IN 43297 1190 65 articles article NNS 43297 1190 66 of of IN 43297 1190 67 use use NN 43297 1190 68 or or CC 43297 1190 69 ornament ornament NN 43297 1190 70 . . . 43297 1191 1 These these DT 43297 1191 2 are be VBP 43297 1191 3 , , , 43297 1191 4 however however RB 43297 1191 5 , , , 43297 1191 6 beyond beyond IN 43297 1191 7 the the DT 43297 1191 8 scope scope NN 43297 1191 9 of of IN 43297 1191 10 what what WP 43297 1191 11 is be VBZ 43297 1191 12 commonly commonly RB 43297 1191 13 understood understand VBN 43297 1191 14 by by IN 43297 1191 15 the the DT 43297 1191 16 term term NN 43297 1191 17 ' ' '' 43297 1191 18 the the DT 43297 1191 19 natural natural JJ 43297 1191 20 history history NN 43297 1191 21 of of IN 43297 1191 22 clay clay NN 43297 1191 23 . . . 43297 1191 24 ' ' '' 43297 1192 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY NNP 43297 1192 2 A a DT 43297 1192 3 complete complete JJ 43297 1192 4 bibliography bibliography NN 43297 1192 5 of of IN 43297 1192 6 clay clay NN 43297 1192 7 would would MD 43297 1192 8 occupy occupy VB 43297 1192 9 several several JJ 43297 1192 10 volumes volume NNS 43297 1192 11 . . . 43297 1193 1 The the DT 43297 1193 2 following following JJ 43297 1193 3 list list NN 43297 1193 4 only only RB 43297 1193 5 includes include VBZ 43297 1193 6 the the DT 43297 1193 7 more more RBR 43297 1193 8 accessible accessible JJ 43297 1193 9 of of IN 43297 1193 10 the the DT 43297 1193 11 works work NNS 43297 1193 12 quoted quote VBN 43297 1193 13 in in IN 43297 1193 14 the the DT 43297 1193 15 text text NN 43297 1193 16 . . . 43297 1194 1 1 1 LS 43297 1194 2 . . . 43297 1195 1 " " `` 43297 1195 2 Second Second NNP 43297 1195 3 Report Report NNP 43297 1195 4 of of IN 43297 1195 5 the the DT 43297 1195 6 Committee Committee NNP 43297 1195 7 on on IN 43297 1195 8 Technical Technical NNP 43297 1195 9 Investigation Investigation NNP 43297 1195 10 -- -- : 43297 1195 11 Rôle rôle JJ 43297 1195 12 of of IN 43297 1195 13 Iron Iron NNP 43297 1195 14 in in IN 43297 1195 15 Burning burn VBG 43297 1195 16 Clays clay NNS 43297 1195 17 . . . 43297 1195 18 " " '' 43297 1196 1 Orton Orton NNP 43297 1196 2 and and CC 43297 1196 3 Griffith Griffith NNP 43297 1196 4 . . . 43297 1197 1 Indianapolis Indianapolis NNP 43297 1197 2 . . . 43297 1198 1 1905 1905 CD 43297 1198 2 . . . 43297 1199 1 2 2 LS 43297 1199 2 . . . 43297 1200 1 " " `` 43297 1200 2 British british JJ 43297 1200 3 Clays clay NNS 43297 1200 4 , , , 43297 1200 5 Shales Shales NNPS 43297 1200 6 and and CC 43297 1200 7 Sands Sands NNPS 43297 1200 8 . . . 43297 1200 9 " " '' 43297 1201 1 Alfred Alfred NNP 43297 1201 2 B. B. NNP 43297 1201 3 Searle Searle NNP 43297 1201 4 . . . 43297 1202 1 Charles Charles NNP 43297 1202 2 Griffin Griffin NNP 43297 1202 3 and and CC 43297 1202 4 Co. Co. NNP 43297 1202 5 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 43297 1202 6 London London NNP 43297 1202 7 . . . 43297 1203 1 1911 1911 CD 43297 1203 2 . . . 43297 1204 1 3 3 LS 43297 1204 2 . . . 43297 1205 1 " " `` 43297 1205 2 Transactions transaction NNS 43297 1205 3 of of IN 43297 1205 4 the the DT 43297 1205 5 English English NNP 43297 1205 6 Ceramic Ceramic NNP 43297 1205 7 Society Society NNP 43297 1205 8 . . . 43297 1205 9 " " '' 43297 1206 1 v. v. NNP 43297 1206 2 p. p. NNP 43297 1206 3 72 72 CD 43297 1206 4 . . . 43297 1207 1 Hughes Hughes NNP 43297 1207 2 and and CC 43297 1207 3 Harber Harber NNP 43297 1207 4 . . . 43297 1208 1 Longton Longton NNP 43297 1208 2 , , , 43297 1208 3 Staffs Staffs NNP 43297 1208 4 . . . 43297 1209 1 1905 1905 CD 43297 1209 2 . . . 43297 1210 1 4 4 LS 43297 1210 2 . . . 43297 1211 1 " " `` 43297 1211 2 Royal Royal NNP 43297 1211 3 Agricultural Agricultural NNP 43297 1211 4 Society Society NNP 43297 1211 5 's 's POS 43297 1211 6 Journal Journal NNP 43297 1211 7 . . . 43297 1211 8 " " '' 43297 1212 1 XI XI NNP 43297 1212 2 . . . 43297 1213 1 5 5 CD 43297 1213 2 . . . 43297 1214 1 " " `` 43297 1214 2 Die die VB 43297 1214 3 Tone tone NN 43297 1214 4 . . . 43297 1214 5 " " '' 43297 1215 1 P. P. NNP 43297 1215 2 Rohland Rohland NNP 43297 1215 3 . . . 43297 1216 1 Hartleben Hartleben NNP 43297 1216 2 's 's POS 43297 1216 3 Verlag Verlag NNP 43297 1216 4 . . . 43297 1217 1 Vienna Vienna NNP 43297 1217 2 . . . 43297 1218 1 1909 1909 CD 43297 1218 2 . . . 43297 1219 1 6 6 CD 43297 1219 2 . . . 43297 1220 1 " " `` 43297 1220 2 Clays clay NNS 43297 1220 3 : : : 43297 1220 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1220 5 Occurrence occurrence NN 43297 1220 6 , , , 43297 1220 7 Properties Properties NNPS 43297 1220 8 and and CC 43297 1220 9 Uses Uses NNPS 43297 1220 10 . . . 43297 1220 11 " " '' 43297 1221 1 H. H. NNP 43297 1221 2 Ries Ries NNP 43297 1221 3 . . . 43297 1222 1 Chapman Chapman NNP 43297 1222 2 and and CC 43297 1222 3 Hall Hall NNP 43297 1222 4 . . . 43297 1223 1 London London NNP 43297 1223 2 . . . 43297 1224 1 1908 1908 CD 43297 1224 2 . . . 43297 1225 1 7 7 LS 43297 1225 2 . . . 43297 1226 1 " " `` 43297 1226 2 Gesammelte Gesammelte NNP 43297 1226 3 Schriften Schriften NNP 43297 1226 4 . . . 43297 1226 5 " " '' 43297 1227 1 H. H. NNP 43297 1227 2 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1227 3 . . . 43297 1228 1 Tonindustrie Tonindustrie NNP 43297 1228 2 Zeitung Zeitung NNP 43297 1228 3 Verlag Verlag NNP 43297 1228 4 . . . 43297 1229 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 43297 1229 2 . . . 43297 1230 1 1908 1908 CD 43297 1230 2 . . . 43297 1231 1 8 8 LS 43297 1231 2 . . . 43297 1232 1 " " `` 43297 1232 2 Tonindustrie Tonindustrie NNP 43297 1232 3 Zeitung Zeitung NNP 43297 1232 4 . . . 43297 1232 5 " " '' 43297 1233 1 1902 1902 CD 43297 1233 2 . . . 43297 1233 3 p. p. NN 43297 1233 4 1064 1064 CD 43297 1233 5 . . . 43297 1234 1 9 9 CD 43297 1234 2 . . . 43297 1235 1 " " `` 43297 1235 2 Tonindustrie Tonindustrie NNP 43297 1235 3 Zeitung Zeitung NNP 43297 1235 4 . . . 43297 1235 5 " " '' 43297 1236 1 1904 1904 CD 43297 1236 2 . . . 43297 1236 3 p. p. NN 43297 1236 4 773 773 CD 43297 1236 5 . . . 43297 1237 1 10 10 CD 43297 1237 2 . . . 43297 1238 1 " " `` 43297 1238 2 Treatise treatise VB 43297 1238 3 on on IN 43297 1238 4 Ceramic Ceramic NNP 43297 1238 5 Industries Industries NNPS 43297 1238 6 . . . 43297 1238 7 " " '' 43297 1239 1 E. E. NNP 43297 1239 2 Bourry Bourry NNP 43297 1239 3 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1239 4 Revised revise VBN 43297 1239 5 translation translation NN 43297 1239 6 by by IN 43297 1239 7 A. a. NN 43297 1240 1 B. B. NNP 43297 1240 2 Searle Searle NNP 43297 1240 3 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1240 4 . . . 43297 1241 1 Scott Scott NNP 43297 1241 2 , , , 43297 1241 3 Greenwood Greenwood NNP 43297 1241 4 and and CC 43297 1241 5 Son Son NNP 43297 1241 6 . . . 43297 1242 1 London London NNP 43297 1242 2 . . . 43297 1243 1 1911 1911 CD 43297 1243 2 . . . 43297 1244 1 11 11 CD 43297 1244 2 . . . 43297 1245 1 " " `` 43297 1245 2 The the DT 43297 1245 3 Colloid Colloid NNP 43297 1245 4 Matter Matter NNP 43297 1245 5 of of IN 43297 1245 6 Clay Clay NNP 43297 1245 7 . . . 43297 1245 8 " " '' 43297 1246 1 H. H. NNP 43297 1246 2 E. E. NNP 43297 1246 3 Ashley Ashley NNP 43297 1246 4 . . . 43297 1247 1 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP 43297 1247 2 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1247 3 Survey Survey NNP 43297 1247 4 Bulletin Bulletin NNP 43297 1247 5 388 388 CD 43297 1247 6 . . . 43297 1248 1 Washington Washington NNP 43297 1248 2 . . . 43297 1249 1 1909 1909 CD 43297 1249 2 . . . 43297 1250 1 12 12 CD 43297 1250 2 . . . 43297 1251 1 " " `` 43297 1251 2 Sprechsaal Sprechsaal NNP 43297 1251 3 . . . 43297 1251 4 " " '' 43297 1252 1 1905 1905 CD 43297 1252 2 . . . 43297 1252 3 p. p. NN 43297 1252 4 123 123 CD 43297 1252 5 . . . 43297 1253 1 13 13 CD 43297 1253 2 . . . 43297 1254 1 " " `` 43297 1254 2 Action Action NNP 43297 1254 3 of of IN 43297 1254 4 Heat Heat NNP 43297 1254 5 on on IN 43297 1254 6 Refractory Refractory NNP 43297 1254 7 Materials material NNS 43297 1254 8 . . . 43297 1254 9 " " '' 43297 1255 1 J. J. NNP 43297 1255 2 W. W. NNP 43297 1255 3 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1255 4 and and CC 43297 1255 5 F. F. NNP 43297 1255 6 J. J. NNP 43297 1255 7 Austen Austen NNP 43297 1255 8 . . . 43297 1256 1 Trans tran NNS 43297 1256 2 . . . 43297 1257 1 Eng Eng NNP 43297 1257 2 . . . 43297 1258 1 Cer cer VB 43297 1258 2 . . . 43297 1259 1 Soc Soc NNP 43297 1259 2 . . . 43297 1260 1 VI VI NNP 43297 1260 2 . . . 43297 1261 1 Hughes Hughes NNP 43297 1261 2 and and CC 43297 1261 3 Harber Harber NNP 43297 1261 4 . . . 43297 1262 1 Longton Longton NNP 43297 1262 2 , , , 43297 1262 3 Staffs Staffs NNP 43297 1262 4 . . . 43297 1263 1 1906 1906 CD 43297 1263 2 . . . 43297 1264 1 14 14 CD 43297 1264 2 . . . 43297 1265 1 " " `` 43297 1265 2 Wiedermann Wiedermann NNP 43297 1265 3 's 's POS 43297 1265 4 Annalen Annalen NNP 43297 1265 5 . . . 43297 1265 6 " " '' 43297 1266 1 VII VII NNP 43297 1266 2 . . . 43297 1267 1 p. p. NN 43297 1267 2 337 337 CD 43297 1267 3 . . . 43297 1268 1 15 15 CD 43297 1268 2 . . . 43297 1269 1 " " `` 43297 1269 2 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1269 3 Contemporaneity Contemporaneity NNP 43297 1269 4 . . . 43297 1269 5 " " '' 43297 1270 1 1862 1862 CD 43297 1270 2 . . . 43297 1271 1 16 16 CD 43297 1271 2 . . . 43297 1272 1 " " `` 43297 1272 2 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1272 3 Magazine Magazine NNP 43297 1272 4 . . . 43297 1272 5 " " '' 43297 1273 1 IV IV NNP 43297 1273 2 . . . 43297 1274 1 pp pp NNP 43297 1274 2 . . . 43297 1275 1 241 241 CD 43297 1275 2 , , , 43297 1275 3 299 299 CD 43297 1275 4 . . . 43297 1276 1 17 17 CD 43297 1276 2 . . . 43297 1277 1 " " `` 43297 1277 2 La La NNP 43297 1277 3 Céramique Céramique NNP 43297 1277 4 industrielle industrielle NNP 43297 1277 5 . . . 43297 1277 6 " " '' 43297 1278 1 A. A. NNP 43297 1278 2 Granger Granger NNP 43297 1278 3 . . . 43297 1279 1 Gauthier Gauthier NNP 43297 1279 2 Frères Frères NNP 43297 1279 3 . . . 43297 1280 1 Paris Paris NNP 43297 1280 2 . . . 43297 1281 1 1905 1905 CD 43297 1281 2 . . . 43297 1282 1 18 18 CD 43297 1282 2 . . . 43297 1283 1 " " `` 43297 1283 2 American American NNP 43297 1283 3 Journal Journal NNP 43297 1283 4 of of IN 43297 1283 5 Science Science NNP 43297 1283 6 . . . 43297 1283 7 " " '' 43297 1284 1 1871 1871 CD 43297 1284 2 . . . 43297 1284 3 p. p. NN 43297 1284 4 180 180 CD 43297 1284 5 . . . 43297 1285 1 19 19 CD 43297 1285 2 . . . 43297 1286 1 " " `` 43297 1286 2 The the DT 43297 1286 3 Hensbarrow Hensbarrow NNP 43297 1286 4 District District NNP 43297 1286 5 . . . 43297 1286 6 " " '' 43297 1287 1 J. J. NNP 43297 1287 2 H. H. NNP 43297 1287 3 Collins Collins NNP 43297 1287 4 . . . 43297 1288 1 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1288 2 Survey Survey NNP 43297 1288 3 . . . 43297 1289 1 1878 1878 CD 43297 1289 2 . . . 43297 1290 1 20 20 CD 43297 1290 2 . . . 43297 1291 1 " " `` 43297 1291 2 Monographs Monographs NNP 43297 1291 3 of of IN 43297 1291 4 the the DT 43297 1291 5 U.S.A. U.S.A. NNP 43297 1291 6 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1291 7 Survey Survey NNP 43297 1291 8 . . . 43297 1291 9 " " '' 43297 1292 1 XXVIII XXVIII NNP 43297 1292 2 . . . 43297 1293 1 C. C. NNP 43297 1293 2 R. R. NNP 43297 1293 3 van van NNP 43297 1293 4 Hise Hise NNP 43297 1293 5 . . . 43297 1294 1 1897 1897 CD 43297 1294 2 . . . 43297 1295 1 21 21 CD 43297 1295 2 . . . 43297 1296 1 " " `` 43297 1296 2 On on IN 43297 1296 3 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 1296 4 and and CC 43297 1296 5 Pholerite Pholerite NNP 43297 1296 6 . . . 43297 1296 7 " " '' 43297 1297 1 American American NNP 43297 1297 2 Journal Journal NNP 43297 1297 3 of of IN 43297 1297 4 Science Science NNP 43297 1297 5 . . . 43297 1298 1 XLIII XLIII NNP 43297 1298 2 . . . 43297 1299 1 1867 1867 CD 43297 1299 2 . . . 43297 1300 1 22 22 CD 43297 1300 2 . . . 43297 1301 1 " " `` 43297 1301 2 The the DT 43297 1301 3 Nomenclature Nomenclature NNP 43297 1301 4 of of IN 43297 1301 5 Clays clay NNS 43297 1301 6 . . . 43297 1301 7 " " '' 43297 1302 1 J. J. NNP 43297 1302 2 W. W. NNP 43297 1302 3 Mellor Mellor NNP 43297 1302 4 . . . 43297 1303 1 Eng Eng NNP 43297 1303 2 . . . 43297 1304 1 Cer cer VB 43297 1304 2 . . . 43297 1305 1 Soc Soc NNP 43297 1305 2 . . . 43297 1306 1 VIII VIII NNP 43297 1306 2 . . . 43297 1307 1 Hughes Hughes NNP 43297 1307 2 and and CC 43297 1307 3 Harber Harber NNP 43297 1307 4 . . . 43297 1308 1 Longton Longton NNP 43297 1308 2 , , , 43297 1308 3 Staffs Staffs NNP 43297 1308 4 . . . 43297 1309 1 1908 1908 CD 43297 1309 2 . . . 43297 1310 1 23 23 CD 43297 1310 2 . . . 43297 1311 1 " " `` 43297 1311 2 On on IN 43297 1311 3 the the DT 43297 1311 4 present present JJ 43297 1311 5 distribution distribution NN 43297 1311 6 of of IN 43297 1311 7 Coal Coal NNP 43297 1311 8 Balls Balls NNPS 43297 1311 9 . . . 43297 1311 10 " " '' 43297 1312 1 M. M. NNP 43297 1312 2 C. C. NNP 43297 1312 3 Stopes Stopes NNP 43297 1312 4 and and CC 43297 1312 5 D. D. NNP 43297 1312 6 M. M. NNP 43297 1312 7 S. S. NNP 43297 1312 8 Watson Watson NNP 43297 1312 9 . . . 43297 1313 1 Phil Phil NNP 43297 1313 2 . . . 43297 1314 1 Trans tran NNS 43297 1314 2 . . . 43297 1315 1 Royal Royal NNP 43297 1315 2 Society Society NNP 43297 1315 3 . . . 43297 1316 1 B. B. NNP 43297 1316 2 Vol Vol NNP 43297 1316 3 . . . 43297 1317 1 CC cc NN 43297 1317 2 . . . 43297 1318 1 1908 1908 CD 43297 1318 2 . . . 43297 1319 1 24 24 CD 43297 1319 2 . . . 43297 1320 1 " " `` 43297 1320 2 Natural natural JJ 43297 1320 3 History history NN 43297 1320 4 of of IN 43297 1320 5 Coal Coal NNP 43297 1320 6 . . . 43297 1320 7 " " '' 43297 1321 1 E. E. NNP 43297 1321 2 A. A. NNP 43297 1321 3 N. N. NNP 43297 1321 4 Arber Arber NNP 43297 1321 5 . . . 43297 1322 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 43297 1322 2 University University NNP 43297 1322 3 Press Press NNP 43297 1322 4 . . . 43297 1323 1 1911 1911 CD 43297 1323 2 . . . 43297 1324 1 25 25 CD 43297 1324 2 . . . 43297 1325 1 " " `` 43297 1325 2 Modern modern JJ 43297 1325 3 Brickmaking brickmaking NN 43297 1325 4 . . . 43297 1325 5 " " '' 43297 1326 1 A. A. NNP 43297 1327 1 B. B. NNP 43297 1327 2 Searle Searle NNP 43297 1327 3 . . . 43297 1328 1 Scott Scott NNP 43297 1328 2 , , , 43297 1328 3 Greenwood Greenwood NNP 43297 1328 4 and and CC 43297 1328 5 Son Son NNP 43297 1328 6 . . . 43297 1329 1 London London NNP 43297 1329 2 . . . 43297 1330 1 1911 1911 CD 43297 1330 2 . . . 43297 1331 1 26 26 CD 43297 1331 2 . . . 43297 1332 1 " " `` 43297 1332 2 Die die VB 43297 1332 3 verschiedene verschiedene NN 43297 1332 4 Arten Arten NNP 43297 1332 5 der der VBP 43297 1332 6 Verwitterung Verwitterung NNP 43297 1332 7 . . . 43297 1332 8 " " '' 43297 1333 1 J. J. NNP 43297 1333 2 M. M. NNP 43297 1333 3 van van NNP 43297 1333 4 Bemmelen Bemmelen NNP 43297 1333 5 . . . 43297 1334 1 Zeits Zeits NNP 43297 1334 2 . . . 43297 1335 1 angewandte angewandte NNP 43297 1335 2 Chemie Chemie NNP 43297 1335 3 . . . 43297 1336 1 LXVI LXVI NNP 43297 1336 2 . . . 43297 1337 1 Leopold Leopold NNP 43297 1337 2 Voss Voss NNP 43297 1337 3 Verlag Verlag NNP 43297 1337 4 . . . 43297 1338 1 Hamburg Hamburg NNP 43297 1338 2 . . . 43297 1339 1 1910 1910 CD 43297 1339 2 . . . 43297 1340 1 27 27 CD 43297 1340 2 . . . 43297 1341 1 " " `` 43297 1341 2 Pyrometrische Pyrometrische NNP 43297 1341 3 Beleuchtung Beleuchtung NNP 43297 1341 4 . . . 43297 1341 5 " " '' 43297 1342 1 Carl Carl NNP 43297 1342 2 Bischof Bischof NNP 43297 1342 3 . . . 43297 1343 1 Tonindustrie Tonindustrie NNP 43297 1343 2 Zeitung Zeitung NNP 43297 1343 3 . . . 43297 1344 1 1877 1877 CD 43297 1344 2 . . . 43297 1345 1 28 28 CD 43297 1345 2 . . . 43297 1346 1 " " `` 43297 1346 2 Die die VB 43297 1346 3 feuerfeste feuerfeste NN 43297 1346 4 Tone tone NN 43297 1346 5 . . . 43297 1346 6 " " '' 43297 1347 1 Carl Carl NNP 43297 1347 2 Bischof Bischof NNP 43297 1347 3 . . . 43297 1348 1 Quandt Quandt NNP 43297 1348 2 and and CC 43297 1348 3 Haendler Haendler NNP 43297 1348 4 . . . 43297 1349 1 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 43297 1349 2 . . . 43297 1350 1 1904 1904 CD 43297 1350 2 . . . 43297 1351 1 29 29 CD 43297 1351 2 . . . 43297 1352 1 " " `` 43297 1352 2 The the DT 43297 1352 3 Chemical Chemical NNP 43297 1352 4 Constitution Constitution NNP 43297 1352 5 of of IN 43297 1352 6 the the DT 43297 1352 7 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 1352 8 Molecule Molecule NNP 43297 1352 9 . . . 43297 1352 10 " " '' 43297 1353 1 Trans tran NNS 43297 1353 2 . . . 43297 1354 1 Eng Eng NNP 43297 1354 2 . . . 43297 1355 1 Cer cer VB 43297 1355 2 . . . 43297 1356 1 Soc Soc NNP 43297 1356 2 . . . 43297 1357 1 X. X. NNP 43297 1357 2 Hughes Hughes NNP 43297 1357 3 and and CC 43297 1357 4 Harber Harber NNP 43297 1357 5 . . . 43297 1358 1 Longton Longton NNP 43297 1358 2 , , , 43297 1358 3 Staffs Staffs NNP 43297 1358 4 . . . 43297 1359 1 1911 1911 CD 43297 1359 2 . . . 43297 1360 1 30 30 CD 43297 1360 2 . . . 43297 1361 1 " " `` 43297 1361 2 Tabellarische Tabellarische NNP 43297 1361 3 Uebersicht Uebersicht NNP 43297 1361 4 der der VBP 43297 1361 5 Mineralien Mineralien NNP 43297 1361 6 . . . 43297 1361 7 " " '' 43297 1362 1 P. P. NNP 43297 1362 2 Groth Groth NNP 43297 1362 3 . . . 43297 1363 1 Brunswick Brunswick NNP 43297 1363 2 . . . 43297 1364 1 1898 1898 CD 43297 1364 2 . . . 43297 1365 1 31 31 CD 43297 1365 2 . . . 43297 1366 1 " " `` 43297 1366 2 West West NNP 43297 1366 3 Virginia Virginia NNP 43297 1366 4 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1366 5 Survey Survey NNP 43297 1366 6 . . . 43297 1366 7 " " '' 43297 1367 1 III iii CD 43297 1367 2 . . . 43297 1368 1 1906 1906 CD 43297 1368 2 . . . 43297 1369 1 32 32 CD 43297 1369 2 . . . 43297 1370 1 " " `` 43297 1370 2 Memoirs memoir NNS 43297 1370 3 of of IN 43297 1370 4 the the DT 43297 1370 5 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1370 6 Survey Survey NNP 43297 1370 7 . . . 43297 1370 8 " " '' 43297 1371 1 London London NNP 43297 1371 2 . . . 43297 1372 1 33 33 CD 43297 1372 2 . . . 43297 1373 1 " " `` 43297 1373 2 The the DT 43297 1373 3 Publications Publications NNPS 43297 1373 4 of of IN 43297 1373 5 Stanford Stanford NNP 43297 1373 6 's 's POS 43297 1373 7 Geographical Geographical NNP 43297 1373 8 Institute Institute NNP 43297 1373 9 . . . 43297 1373 10 " " '' 43297 1374 1 London London NNP 43297 1374 2 . . . 43297 1375 1 34 34 CD 43297 1375 2 . . . 43297 1376 1 " " `` 43297 1376 2 Handbuch handbuch NN 43297 1376 3 der der NN 43297 1376 4 gesam gesam NN 43297 1376 5 . . . 43297 1377 1 Tonwarenindustrie Tonwarenindustrie NNP 43297 1377 2 . . . 43297 1377 3 " " '' 43297 1378 1 B. B. NNP 43297 1378 2 Kerl Kerl NNP 43297 1378 3 . . . 43297 1379 1 Verlag Verlag NNP 43297 1379 2 der der NNP 43297 1379 3 Tonindustrie Tonindustrie NNP 43297 1379 4 Zeitung Zeitung NNP 43297 1379 5 . . . 43297 1380 1 1910 1910 CD 43297 1380 2 . . . 43297 1381 1 35 35 CD 43297 1381 2 . . . 43297 1382 1 " " `` 43297 1382 2 Causal Causal NNP 43297 1382 3 Geology geology NN 43297 1382 4 . . . 43297 1382 5 " " '' 43297 1383 1 E. E. NNP 43297 1383 2 H. H. NNP 43297 1383 3 L. L. NNP 43297 1383 4 Schwarz Schwarz NNP 43297 1383 5 . . . 43297 1384 1 Blackie Blackie NNP 43297 1384 2 and and CC 43297 1384 3 Sons Sons NNPS 43297 1384 4 , , , 43297 1384 5 Ltd. Ltd. NNP 43297 1384 6 1910 1910 CD 43297 1384 7 . . . 43297 1385 1 36 36 CD 43297 1385 2 . . . 43297 1386 1 " " `` 43297 1386 2 China China NNP 43297 1386 3 Clay Clay NNP 43297 1386 4 : : : 43297 1386 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 43297 1386 6 nature nature NN 43297 1386 7 and and CC 43297 1386 8 origin origin NN 43297 1386 9 . . . 43297 1386 10 " " '' 43297 1387 1 G. G. NNP 43297 1387 2 Hickling Hickling NNP 43297 1387 3 . . . 43297 1388 1 Trans tran NNS 43297 1388 2 . . . 43297 1389 1 Inst inst RB 43297 1389 2 . . . 43297 1390 1 Mining Mining NNP 43297 1390 2 Engineers Engineers NNPS 43297 1390 3 . . . 43297 1391 1 1908 1908 CD 43297 1391 2 . . . 43297 1392 1 INDEX INDEX NNP 43297 1392 2 Absorption Absorption NNP 43297 1392 3 , , , 43297 1392 4 40 40 CD 43297 1392 5 , , , 43297 1392 6 151 151 CD 43297 1392 7 Absorptive absorptive JJ 43297 1392 8 power power NN 43297 1392 9 of of IN 43297 1392 10 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 11 , , , 43297 1392 12 40 40 CD 43297 1392 13 Accumulation accumulation NN 43297 1392 14 of of IN 43297 1392 15 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 16 , , , 43297 1392 17 84 84 CD 43297 1392 18 Acid acid NN 43297 1392 19 - - HYPH 43297 1392 20 proof proof NN 43297 1392 21 ware ware NN 43297 1392 22 , , , 43297 1392 23 113 113 CD 43297 1392 24 Acids Acids NNPS 43297 1392 25 , , , 43297 1392 26 effect effect NN 43297 1392 27 of of IN 43297 1392 28 , , , 43297 1392 29 106 106 CD 43297 1392 30 , , , 43297 1392 31 151 151 CD 43297 1392 32 , , , 43297 1392 33 152 152 CD 43297 1392 34 Adsorption Adsorption NNP 43297 1392 35 , , , 43297 1392 36 40 40 CD 43297 1392 37 , , , 43297 1392 38 150 150 CD 43297 1392 39 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 43297 1392 40 , , , 43297 1392 41 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 42 in in IN 43297 1392 43 , , , 43297 1392 44 5 5 CD 43297 1392 45 , , , 43297 1392 46 56 56 CD 43297 1392 47 , , , 43297 1392 48 57 57 CD 43297 1392 49 , , , 43297 1392 50 59 59 CD 43297 1392 51 , , , 43297 1392 52 61 61 CD 43297 1392 53 , , , 43297 1392 54 62 62 CD 43297 1392 55 , , , 43297 1392 56 63 63 CD 43297 1392 57 , , , 43297 1392 58 67 67 CD 43297 1392 59 Air air NN 43297 1392 60 , , , 43297 1392 61 43 43 CD 43297 1392 62 , , , 43297 1392 63 85 85 CD 43297 1392 64 Alkalies alkali NNS 43297 1392 65 in in IN 43297 1392 66 clay clay NN 43297 1392 67 , , , 43297 1392 68 38 38 CD 43297 1392 69 , , , 43297 1392 70 115 115 CD 43297 1392 71 , , , 43297 1392 72 133 133 CD 43297 1392 73 , , , 43297 1392 74 142 142 CD 43297 1392 75 , , , 43297 1392 76 143 143 CD 43297 1392 77 , , , 43297 1392 78 155 155 CD 43297 1392 79 Alluvial alluvial JJ 43297 1392 80 deposits deposit NNS 43297 1392 81 , , , 43297 1392 82 68 68 CD 43297 1392 83 , , , 43297 1392 84 87 87 CD 43297 1392 85 , , , 43297 1392 86 112 112 CD 43297 1392 87 , , , 43297 1392 88 132 132 CD 43297 1392 89 Alum Alum NNP 43297 1392 90 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 91 and and CC 43297 1392 92 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 93 , , , 43297 1392 94 57 57 CD 43297 1392 95 , , , 43297 1392 96 123 123 CD 43297 1392 97 , , , 43297 1392 98 124 124 CD 43297 1392 99 Alum Alum NNP 43297 1392 100 manufacture manufacture NN 43297 1392 101 , , , 43297 1392 102 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 103 for for IN 43297 1392 104 , , , 43297 1392 105 124 124 CD 43297 1392 106 Alumina Alumina NNP 43297 1392 107 , , , 43297 1392 108 6 6 CD 43297 1392 109 Alumina Alumina NNP 43297 1392 110 , , , 43297 1392 111 free free JJ 43297 1392 112 , , , 43297 1392 113 80 80 CD 43297 1392 114 , , , 43297 1392 115 82 82 CD 43297 1392 116 , , , 43297 1392 117 154 154 CD 43297 1392 118 Alumina Alumina NNP 43297 1392 119 - - HYPH 43297 1392 120 silica silica NN 43297 1392 121 ratio ratio NN 43297 1392 122 , , , 43297 1392 123 133 133 CD 43297 1392 124 , , , 43297 1392 125 159 159 CD 43297 1392 126 Alumino Alumino NNP 43297 1392 127 - - HYPH 43297 1392 128 silicic silicic NN 43297 1392 129 acid acid NN 43297 1392 130 , , , 43297 1392 131 6 6 CD 43297 1392 132 , , , 43297 1392 133 76 76 CD 43297 1392 134 , , , 43297 1392 135 81 81 CD 43297 1392 136 , , , 43297 1392 137 118 118 CD 43297 1392 138 , , , 43297 1392 139 155 155 CD 43297 1392 140 , , , 43297 1392 141 157 157 CD 43297 1392 142 Aluminous aluminous JJ 43297 1392 143 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 144 , , , 43297 1392 145 82 82 CD 43297 1392 146 , , , 43297 1392 147 117 117 CD 43297 1392 148 ' ' `` 43297 1392 149 Amorphous amorphous JJ 43297 1392 150 ' ' '' 43297 1392 151 clay clay NN 43297 1392 152 , , , 43297 1392 153 107 107 CD 43297 1392 154 , , , 43297 1392 155 146 146 CD 43297 1392 156 Analyses analysis NNS 43297 1392 157 of of IN 43297 1392 158 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 159 , , , 43297 1392 160 16 16 CD 43297 1392 161 , , , 43297 1392 162 141 141 CD 43297 1392 163 , , , 43297 1392 164 144 144 CD 43297 1392 165 Anauxite anauxite JJ 43297 1392 166 , , , 43297 1392 167 134 134 CD 43297 1392 168 Architectural Architectural NNP 43297 1392 169 ware ware NN 43297 1392 170 , , , 43297 1392 171 129 129 CD 43297 1392 172 , , , 43297 1392 173 130 130 CD 43297 1392 174 Argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 1392 175 earths earth NNS 43297 1392 176 , , , 43297 1392 177 1 1 CD 43297 1392 178 Argillaceous argillaceous JJ 43297 1392 179 limestone limestone NN 43297 1392 180 , , , 43297 1392 181 88 88 CD 43297 1392 182 , , , 43297 1392 183 132 132 CD 43297 1392 184 Associated Associated NNP 43297 1392 185 rocks rock NNS 43297 1392 186 , , , 43297 1392 187 48 48 CD 43297 1392 188 Bagshot bagshot JJ 43297 1392 189 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 190 and and CC 43297 1392 191 sands sand NNS 43297 1392 192 , , , 43297 1392 193 64 64 CD 43297 1392 194 , , , 43297 1392 195 125 125 CD 43297 1392 196 Ball Ball NNP 43297 1392 197 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 198 , , , 43297 1392 199 6 6 CD 43297 1392 200 , , , 43297 1392 201 19 19 CD 43297 1392 202 , , , 43297 1392 203 28 28 CD 43297 1392 204 , , , 43297 1392 205 62 62 CD 43297 1392 206 , , , 43297 1392 207 64 64 CD 43297 1392 208 , , , 43297 1392 209 82 82 CD 43297 1392 210 , , , 43297 1392 211 110 110 CD 43297 1392 212 , , , 43297 1392 213 115 115 CD 43297 1392 214 , , , 43297 1392 215 119 119 CD 43297 1392 216 , , , 43297 1392 217 125 125 CD 43297 1392 218 , , , 43297 1392 219 138 138 CD 43297 1392 220 , , , 43297 1392 221 141 141 CD 43297 1392 222 , , , 43297 1392 223 156 156 CD 43297 1392 224 , , , 43297 1392 225 166 166 CD 43297 1392 226 Bending bending NN 43297 1392 227 of of IN 43297 1392 228 clay clay NN 43297 1392 229 , , , 43297 1392 230 33 33 CD 43297 1392 231 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 43297 1392 232 , , , 43297 1392 233 168 168 CD 43297 1392 234 Binding bind VBG 43297 1392 235 power power NN 43297 1392 236 , , , 43297 1392 237 28 28 CD 43297 1392 238 , , , 43297 1392 239 151 151 CD 43297 1392 240 Binds Binds NNPS 43297 1392 241 , , , 43297 1392 242 53 53 CD 43297 1392 243 Bituminous bituminous JJ 43297 1392 244 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 245 , , , 43297 1392 246 57 57 CD 43297 1392 247 , , , 43297 1392 248 59 59 CD 43297 1392 249 Black black JJ 43297 1392 250 spots spot NNS 43297 1392 251 , , , 43297 1392 252 14 14 CD 43297 1392 253 , , , 43297 1392 254 128 128 CD 43297 1392 255 Black black JJ 43297 1392 256 ware ware NN 43297 1392 257 , , , 43297 1392 258 113 113 CD 43297 1392 259 Bleaching Bleaching NNP 43297 1392 260 oil oil NN 43297 1392 261 , , , 43297 1392 262 134 134 CD 43297 1392 263 Blue Blue NNP 43297 1392 264 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 265 , , , 43297 1392 266 13 13 CD 43297 1392 267 , , , 43297 1392 268 56 56 CD 43297 1392 269 Bone Bone NNP 43297 1392 270 - - HYPH 43297 1392 271 ash ash NNP 43297 1392 272 , , , 43297 1392 273 110 110 CD 43297 1392 274 Boulder Boulder NNP 43297 1392 275 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 276 , , , 43297 1392 277 3 3 CD 43297 1392 278 , , , 43297 1392 279 7 7 CD 43297 1392 280 , , , 43297 1392 281 10 10 CD 43297 1392 282 , , , 43297 1392 283 65 65 CD 43297 1392 284 , , , 43297 1392 285 101 101 CD 43297 1392 286 Bovey Bovey NNP 43297 1392 287 Tracey Tracey NNP 43297 1392 288 clay clay NN 43297 1392 289 , , , 43297 1392 290 62 62 CD 43297 1392 291 Brick Brick NNP 43297 1392 292 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 293 , , , 43297 1392 294 earths earth NNS 43297 1392 295 and and CC 43297 1392 296 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 297 , , , 43297 1392 298 1 1 CD 43297 1392 299 , , , 43297 1392 300 2 2 CD 43297 1392 301 , , , 43297 1392 302 5 5 CD 43297 1392 303 , , , 43297 1392 304 10 10 CD 43297 1392 305 , , , 43297 1392 306 11 11 CD 43297 1392 307 , , , 43297 1392 308 12 12 CD 43297 1392 309 , , , 43297 1392 310 13 13 CD 43297 1392 311 , , , 43297 1392 312 31 31 CD 43297 1392 313 , , , 43297 1392 314 37 37 CD 43297 1392 315 , , , 43297 1392 316 40 40 CD 43297 1392 317 , , , 43297 1392 318 46 46 CD 43297 1392 319 , , , 43297 1392 320 56 56 CD 43297 1392 321 , , , 43297 1392 322 57 57 CD 43297 1392 323 , , , 43297 1392 324 59 59 CD 43297 1392 325 , , , 43297 1392 326 61 61 CD 43297 1392 327 , , , 43297 1392 328 63 63 CD 43297 1392 329 , , , 43297 1392 330 65 65 CD 43297 1392 331 , , , 43297 1392 332 67 67 CD 43297 1392 333 , , , 43297 1392 334 68 68 CD 43297 1392 335 , , , 43297 1392 336 91 91 CD 43297 1392 337 , , , 43297 1392 338 100 100 CD 43297 1392 339 , , , 43297 1392 340 101 101 CD 43297 1392 341 , , , 43297 1392 342 104 104 CD 43297 1392 343 , , , 43297 1392 344 112 112 CD 43297 1392 345 , , , 43297 1392 346 117 117 CD 43297 1392 347 , , , 43297 1392 348 123 123 CD 43297 1392 349 , , , 43297 1392 350 125 125 CD 43297 1392 351 , , , 43297 1392 352 129 129 CD 43297 1392 353 , , , 43297 1392 354 138 138 CD 43297 1392 355 , , , 43297 1392 356 162 162 CD 43297 1392 357 , , , 43297 1392 358 166 166 CD 43297 1392 359 Brittleness Brittleness NNP 43297 1392 360 , , , 43297 1392 361 46 46 CD 43297 1392 362 Brown brown JJ 43297 1392 363 ware ware NN 43297 1392 364 , , , 43297 1392 365 113 113 CD 43297 1392 366 Buff Buff NNP 43297 1392 367 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 368 , , , 43297 1392 369 128 128 CD 43297 1392 370 Burned burn VBN 43297 1392 371 clay clay NN 43297 1392 372 , , , 43297 1392 373 28 28 CD 43297 1392 374 , , , 43297 1392 375 31 31 CD 43297 1392 376 , , , 43297 1392 377 41 41 CD 43297 1392 378 , , , 43297 1392 379 119 119 CD 43297 1392 380 , , , 43297 1392 381 121 121 CD 43297 1392 382 Calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 1392 383 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 384 , , , 43297 1392 385 38 38 CD 43297 1392 386 , , , 43297 1392 387 61 61 CD 43297 1392 388 , , , 43297 1392 389 68 68 CD 43297 1392 390 , , , 43297 1392 391 88 88 CD 43297 1392 392 , , , 43297 1392 393 133 133 CD 43297 1392 394 , , , 43297 1392 395 139 139 CD 43297 1392 396 , , , 43297 1392 397 166 166 CD 43297 1392 398 Calcareous calcareous JJ 43297 1392 399 sands sand NNS 43297 1392 400 , , , 43297 1392 401 88 88 CD 43297 1392 402 Calcium Calcium NNP 43297 1392 403 , , , 43297 1392 404 see see VB 43297 1392 405 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 406 Lime Lime NNP 43297 1392 407 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 408 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 409 Cambrian cambrian JJ 43297 1392 410 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 411 , , , 43297 1392 412 51 51 CD 43297 1392 413 Carbon carbon NN 43297 1392 414 in in IN 43297 1392 415 clay clay NN 43297 1392 416 , , , 43297 1392 417 15 15 CD 43297 1392 418 , , , 43297 1392 419 119 119 CD 43297 1392 420 , , , 43297 1392 421 144 144 CD 43297 1392 422 Carbonates Carbonates NNPS 43297 1392 423 in in IN 43297 1392 424 clay clay NN 43297 1392 425 , , , 43297 1392 426 10 10 CD 43297 1392 427 , , , 43297 1392 428 82 82 CD 43297 1392 429 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 43297 1392 430 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 431 and and CC 43297 1392 432 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 433 , , , 43297 1392 434 52 52 CD 43297 1392 435 , , , 43297 1392 436 124 124 CD 43297 1392 437 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 43297 1392 438 limestone limestone NN 43297 1392 439 , , , 43297 1392 440 52 52 CD 43297 1392 441 , , , 43297 1392 442 108 108 CD 43297 1392 443 Carclazite Carclazite NNP 43297 1392 444 , , , 43297 1392 445 78 78 CD 43297 1392 446 , , , 43297 1392 447 106 106 CD 43297 1392 448 Cellulose cellulose NN 43297 1392 449 in in IN 43297 1392 450 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 451 , , , 43297 1392 452 27 27 CD 43297 1392 453 Cement cement NN 43297 1392 454 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 455 , , , 43297 1392 456 57 57 CD 43297 1392 457 , , , 43297 1392 458 104 104 CD 43297 1392 459 , , , 43297 1392 460 131 131 CD 43297 1392 461 Chalcopyrite Chalcopyrite NNP 43297 1392 462 , , , 43297 1392 463 14 14 CD 43297 1392 464 Chalk Chalk NNP 43297 1392 465 , , , 43297 1392 466 10 10 CD 43297 1392 467 , , , 43297 1392 468 11 11 CD 43297 1392 469 , , , 43297 1392 470 61 61 CD 43297 1392 471 , , , 43297 1392 472 67 67 CD 43297 1392 473 , , , 43297 1392 474 68 68 CD 43297 1392 475 , , , 43297 1392 476 88 88 CD 43297 1392 477 , , , 43297 1392 478 116 116 CD 43297 1392 479 , , , 43297 1392 480 127 127 CD 43297 1392 481 , , , 43297 1392 482 128 128 CD 43297 1392 483 , , , 43297 1392 484 132 132 CD 43297 1392 485 , , , 43297 1392 486 134 134 CD 43297 1392 487 , , , 43297 1392 488 139 139 CD 43297 1392 489 Chamotte Chamotte NNP 43297 1392 490 , , , 43297 1392 491 121 121 CD 43297 1392 492 Chemical Chemical NNP 43297 1392 493 properties property NNS 43297 1392 494 of of IN 43297 1392 495 clay clay NN 43297 1392 496 , , , 43297 1392 497 6 6 CD 43297 1392 498 China China NNP 43297 1392 499 clay clay NN 43297 1392 500 rock rock NN 43297 1392 501 , , , 43297 1392 502 78 78 CD 43297 1392 503 , , , 43297 1392 504 106 106 CD 43297 1392 505 , , , 43297 1392 506 116 116 CD 43297 1392 507 China China NNP 43297 1392 508 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 509 , , , 43297 1392 510 2 2 CD 43297 1392 511 , , , 43297 1392 512 5 5 CD 43297 1392 513 , , , 43297 1392 514 6 6 CD 43297 1392 515 , , , 43297 1392 516 7 7 CD 43297 1392 517 , , , 43297 1392 518 9 9 CD 43297 1392 519 , , , 43297 1392 520 22 22 CD 43297 1392 521 , , , 43297 1392 522 27 27 CD 43297 1392 523 , , , 43297 1392 524 40 40 CD 43297 1392 525 , , , 43297 1392 526 49 49 CD 43297 1392 527 , , , 43297 1392 528 64 64 CD 43297 1392 529 , , , 43297 1392 530 71 71 CD 43297 1392 531 , , , 43297 1392 532 75 75 CD 43297 1392 533 , , , 43297 1392 534 78 78 CD 43297 1392 535 , , , 43297 1392 536 82 82 CD 43297 1392 537 , , , 43297 1392 538 84 84 CD 43297 1392 539 , , , 43297 1392 540 104 104 CD 43297 1392 541 , , , 43297 1392 542 110 110 CD 43297 1392 543 , , , 43297 1392 544 116 116 CD 43297 1392 545 , , , 43297 1392 546 141 141 CD 43297 1392 547 , , , 43297 1392 548 146 146 CD 43297 1392 549 , , , 43297 1392 550 147 147 CD 43297 1392 551 , , , 43297 1392 552 148 148 CD 43297 1392 553 , , , 43297 1392 554 156 156 CD 43297 1392 555 , , , 43297 1392 556 165 165 CD 43297 1392 557 China China NNP 43297 1392 558 - - HYPH 43297 1392 559 ware ware NNP 43297 1392 560 , , , 43297 1392 561 109 109 CD 43297 1392 562 , , , 43297 1392 563 110 110 CD 43297 1392 564 Chinese chinese JJ 43297 1392 565 clay clay NN 43297 1392 566 , , , 43297 1392 567 73 73 CD 43297 1392 568 Classification classification NN 43297 1392 569 of of IN 43297 1392 570 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 571 , , , 43297 1392 572 163 163 CD 43297 1392 573 Clay clay NN 43297 1392 574 molecule molecule NN 43297 1392 575 , , , 43297 1392 576 156 156 CD 43297 1392 577 Clay clay NN 43297 1392 578 - - HYPH 43297 1392 579 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 580 , , , 43297 1392 581 122 122 CD 43297 1392 582 Clay clay NN 43297 1392 583 substance substance NN 43297 1392 584 , , , 43297 1392 585 135 135 CD 43297 1392 586 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 587 et et NNP 43297 1392 588 seq seq NN 43297 1392 589 . . . 43297 1392 590 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 591 Clay Clay NNP 43297 1392 592 substance substance NN 43297 1392 593 , , , 43297 1392 594 defined define VBN 43297 1392 595 , , , 43297 1392 596 150 150 CD 43297 1392 597 Clayite Clayite NNP 43297 1392 598 , , , 43297 1392 599 83 83 CD 43297 1392 600 , , , 43297 1392 601 107 107 CD 43297 1392 602 , , , 43297 1392 603 147 147 CD 43297 1392 604 , , , 43297 1392 605 149 149 CD 43297 1392 606 Clinker Clinker NNP 43297 1392 607 , , , 43297 1392 608 132 132 CD 43297 1392 609 Clunches clunch NNS 43297 1392 610 , , , 43297 1392 611 118 118 CD 43297 1392 612 Coagulated coagulate VBN 43297 1392 613 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 614 , , , 43297 1392 615 97 97 CD 43297 1392 616 Coagulation coagulation NN 43297 1392 617 , , , 43297 1392 618 43 43 CD 43297 1392 619 , , , 43297 1392 620 152 152 CD 43297 1392 621 Coal Coal NNP 43297 1392 622 Measure Measure NNP 43297 1392 623 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 624 and and CC 43297 1392 625 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 626 , , , 43297 1392 627 53 53 CD 43297 1392 628 , , , 43297 1392 629 96 96 CD 43297 1392 630 , , , 43297 1392 631 103 103 CD 43297 1392 632 , , , 43297 1392 633 117 117 CD 43297 1392 634 , , , 43297 1392 635 124 124 CD 43297 1392 636 , , , 43297 1392 637 130 130 CD 43297 1392 638 Coarse coarse JJ 43297 1392 639 pottery pottery NN 43297 1392 640 , , , 43297 1392 641 112 112 CD 43297 1392 642 Cobalt Cobalt NNP 43297 1392 643 , , , 43297 1392 644 110 110 CD 43297 1392 645 Colloid colloid NN 43297 1392 646 theory theory NN 43297 1392 647 , , , 43297 1392 648 97 97 CD 43297 1392 649 Colloidal colloidal JJ 43297 1392 650 properties property NNS 43297 1392 651 of of IN 43297 1392 652 clay clay NN 43297 1392 653 , , , 43297 1392 654 25 25 CD 43297 1392 655 , , , 43297 1392 656 81 81 CD 43297 1392 657 , , , 43297 1392 658 82 82 CD 43297 1392 659 , , , 43297 1392 660 97 97 CD 43297 1392 661 , , , 43297 1392 662 106 106 CD 43297 1392 663 , , , 43297 1392 664 147 147 CD 43297 1392 665 , , , 43297 1392 666 150 150 CD 43297 1392 667 , , , 43297 1392 668 152 152 CD 43297 1392 669 Colloidal Colloidal NNP 43297 1392 670 silica silica NN 43297 1392 671 , , , 43297 1392 672 81 81 CD 43297 1392 673 , , , 43297 1392 674 134 134 CD 43297 1392 675 , , , 43297 1392 676 157 157 CD 43297 1392 677 Colloids colloid NNS 43297 1392 678 , , , 43297 1392 679 24 24 CD 43297 1392 680 , , , 43297 1392 681 41 41 CD 43297 1392 682 , , , 43297 1392 683 43 43 CD 43297 1392 684 , , , 43297 1392 685 76 76 CD 43297 1392 686 , , , 43297 1392 687 160 160 CD 43297 1392 688 Colluvial colluvial JJ 43297 1392 689 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 690 , , , 43297 1392 691 99 99 CD 43297 1392 692 Colours colour NNS 43297 1392 693 of of IN 43297 1392 694 burned burn VBN 43297 1392 695 ware ware NN 43297 1392 696 , , , 43297 1392 697 19 19 CD 43297 1392 698 , , , 43297 1392 699 123 123 CD 43297 1392 700 , , , 43297 1392 701 131 131 CD 43297 1392 702 Colours colour NNS 43297 1392 703 of of IN 43297 1392 704 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 705 and and CC 43297 1392 706 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 707 , , , 43297 1392 708 19 19 CD 43297 1392 709 , , , 43297 1392 710 59 59 CD 43297 1392 711 , , , 43297 1392 712 115 115 CD 43297 1392 713 , , , 43297 1392 714 119 119 CD 43297 1392 715 , , , 43297 1392 716 124 124 CD 43297 1392 717 , , , 43297 1392 718 126 126 CD 43297 1392 719 Combined combined JJ 43297 1392 720 water water NN 43297 1392 721 , , , 43297 1392 722 45 45 CD 43297 1392 723 , , , 43297 1392 724 154 154 CD 43297 1392 725 Common common JJ 43297 1392 726 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 727 , , , 43297 1392 728 3 3 CD 43297 1392 729 Composition composition NN 43297 1392 730 of of IN 43297 1392 731 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 732 , , , 43297 1392 733 4 4 CD 43297 1392 734 , , , 43297 1392 735 6 6 CD 43297 1392 736 , , , 43297 1392 737 16 16 CD 43297 1392 738 , , , 43297 1392 739 23 23 CD 43297 1392 740 , , , 43297 1392 741 35 35 CD 43297 1392 742 , , , 43297 1392 743 44 44 CD 43297 1392 744 , , , 43297 1392 745 107 107 CD 43297 1392 746 , , , 43297 1392 747 117 117 CD 43297 1392 748 , , , 43297 1392 749 118 118 CD 43297 1392 750 , , , 43297 1392 751 133 133 CD 43297 1392 752 , , , 43297 1392 753 134 134 CD 43297 1392 754 , , , 43297 1392 755 144 144 CD 43297 1392 756 , , , 43297 1392 757 156 156 CD 43297 1392 758 , , , 43297 1392 759 164 164 CD 43297 1392 760 Composition composition NN 43297 1392 761 of of IN 43297 1392 762 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 763 ( ( -LRB- 43297 1392 764 burned burn VBN 43297 1392 765 ) ) -RRB- 43297 1392 766 , , , 43297 1392 767 46 46 CD 43297 1392 768 Cornish cornish JJ 43297 1392 769 stone stone NN 43297 1392 770 , , , 43297 1392 771 110 110 CD 43297 1392 772 , , , 43297 1392 773 116 116 CD 43297 1392 774 Cracked crack VBN 43297 1392 775 ware ware NN 43297 1392 776 , , , 43297 1392 777 46 46 CD 43297 1392 778 , , , 43297 1392 779 127 127 CD 43297 1392 780 , , , 43297 1392 781 130 130 CD 43297 1392 782 , , , 43297 1392 783 131 131 CD 43297 1392 784 ' ' '' 43297 1392 785 Cream Cream NNP 43297 1392 786 , , , 43297 1392 787 ' ' '' 43297 1392 788 39 39 CD 43297 1392 789 , , , 43297 1392 790 43 43 CD 43297 1392 791 , , , 43297 1392 792 152 152 CD 43297 1392 793 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 43297 1392 794 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 795 , , , 43297 1392 796 61 61 CD 43297 1392 797 ' ' `` 43297 1392 798 Crumb crumb JJ 43297 1392 799 ' ' '' 43297 1392 800 of of IN 43297 1392 801 clay clay NN 43297 1392 802 , , , 43297 1392 803 24 24 CD 43297 1392 804 Crushing crushing NN 43297 1392 805 clay clay NN 43297 1392 806 , , , 43297 1392 807 45 45 CD 43297 1392 808 ' ' `` 43297 1392 809 Crystalline crystalline JJ 43297 1392 810 ' ' '' 43297 1392 811 clay clay NN 43297 1392 812 , , , 43297 1392 813 107 107 CD 43297 1392 814 , , , 43297 1392 815 146 146 CD 43297 1392 816 , , , 43297 1392 817 148 148 CD 43297 1392 818 Crystals Crystals NNPS 43297 1392 819 in in IN 43297 1392 820 clay clay NN 43297 1392 821 - - HYPH 43297 1392 822 ware ware NN 43297 1392 823 , , , 43297 1392 824 46 46 CD 43297 1392 825 Decantation Decantation NNP 43297 1392 826 , , , 43297 1392 827 139 139 CD 43297 1392 828 Decomposition decomposition NN 43297 1392 829 of of IN 43297 1392 830 clay clay NN 43297 1392 831 , , , 43297 1392 832 154 154 CD 43297 1392 833 Definitions definition NNS 43297 1392 834 of of IN 43297 1392 835 clay clay NN 43297 1392 836 , , , 43297 1392 837 2 2 CD 43297 1392 838 - - SYM 43297 1392 839 5 5 CD 43297 1392 840 , , , 43297 1392 841 120 120 CD 43297 1392 842 , , , 43297 1392 843 135 135 CD 43297 1392 844 , , , 43297 1392 845 149 149 CD 43297 1392 846 , , , 43297 1392 847 150 150 CD 43297 1392 848 De de JJ 43297 1392 849 - - HYPH 43297 1392 850 greasing greasing JJ 43297 1392 851 wool wool NN 43297 1392 852 , , , 43297 1392 853 134 134 CD 43297 1392 854 Deposition Deposition NNP 43297 1392 855 of of IN 43297 1392 856 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 857 , , , 43297 1392 858 49 49 CD 43297 1392 859 , , , 43297 1392 860 51 51 CD 43297 1392 861 , , , 43297 1392 862 90 90 CD 43297 1392 863 , , , 43297 1392 864 99 99 CD 43297 1392 865 Devonian devonian JJ 43297 1392 866 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 867 , , , 43297 1392 868 51 51 CD 43297 1392 869 Diluvial diluvial JJ 43297 1392 870 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 871 , , , 43297 1392 872 99 99 CD 43297 1392 873 Dinas Dinas NNP 43297 1392 874 rock rock NN 43297 1392 875 , , , 43297 1392 876 54 54 CD 43297 1392 877 Disintegration Disintegration NNP 43297 1392 878 , , , 43297 1392 879 102 102 CD 43297 1392 880 Distribution distribution NN 43297 1392 881 of of IN 43297 1392 882 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 883 , , , 43297 1392 884 1 1 CD 43297 1392 885 Drain drain NN 43297 1392 886 - - HYPH 43297 1392 887 pipe pipe NN 43297 1392 888 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 889 , , , 43297 1392 890 112 112 CD 43297 1392 891 , , , 43297 1392 892 113 113 CD 43297 1392 893 Drift Drift NNP 43297 1392 894 , , , 43297 1392 895 65 65 CD 43297 1392 896 , , , 43297 1392 897 101 101 CD 43297 1392 898 Drift Drift NNP 43297 1392 899 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 900 , , , 43297 1392 901 101 101 CD 43297 1392 902 Drying Drying NNP 43297 1392 903 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 904 , , , 43297 1392 905 27 27 CD 43297 1392 906 , , , 43297 1392 907 127 127 CD 43297 1392 908 , , , 43297 1392 909 153 153 CD 43297 1392 910 Durability Durability NNP 43297 1392 911 , , , 43297 1392 912 131 131 CD 43297 1392 913 Dyes dye NNS 43297 1392 914 , , , 43297 1392 915 41 41 CD 43297 1392 916 , , , 43297 1392 917 150 150 CD 43297 1392 918 Earth Earth NNP 43297 1392 919 movements movement NNS 43297 1392 920 , , , 43297 1392 921 85 85 CD 43297 1392 922 , , , 43297 1392 923 96 96 CD 43297 1392 924 Earthenware Earthenware NNP 43297 1392 925 , , , 43297 1392 926 37 37 CD 43297 1392 927 , , , 43297 1392 928 112 112 CD 43297 1392 929 Earths earth NNS 43297 1392 930 for for IN 43297 1392 931 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 932 , , , 43297 1392 933 see see VB 43297 1392 934 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 935 Brick Brick NNP 43297 1392 936 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 937 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 938 Electrolytes Electrolytes NNP 43297 1392 939 , , , 43297 1392 940 43 43 CD 43297 1392 941 Elutriation Elutriation NNP 43297 1392 942 , , , 43297 1392 943 8 8 CD 43297 1392 944 , , , 43297 1392 945 137 137 CD 43297 1392 946 , , , 43297 1392 947 140 140 CD 43297 1392 948 Eocene Eocene NNP 43297 1392 949 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 950 , , , 43297 1392 951 63 63 CD 43297 1392 952 Epigenic epigenic JJ 43297 1392 953 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 954 , , , 43297 1392 955 82 82 CD 43297 1392 956 Erosion erosion NN 43297 1392 957 , , , 43297 1392 958 89 89 CD 43297 1392 959 , , , 43297 1392 960 99 99 CD 43297 1392 961 , , , 43297 1392 962 100 100 CD 43297 1392 963 Estuarine estuarine JJ 43297 1392 964 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 965 , , , 43297 1392 966 90 90 CD 43297 1392 967 , , , 43297 1392 968 93 93 CD 43297 1392 969 , , , 43297 1392 970 118 118 CD 43297 1392 971 Etruria Etruria NNP 43297 1392 972 marls marl NNS 43297 1392 973 , , , 43297 1392 974 55 55 CD 43297 1392 975 , , , 43297 1392 976 130 130 CD 43297 1392 977 Expansion expansion NN 43297 1392 978 , , , 43297 1392 979 32 32 CD 43297 1392 980 Exposure exposure NN 43297 1392 981 , , , 43297 1392 982 43 43 CD 43297 1392 983 Faience faience NN 43297 1392 984 , , , 43297 1392 985 129 129 CD 43297 1392 986 Farewell Farewell NNP 43297 1392 987 Rock Rock NNP 43297 1392 988 , , , 43297 1392 989 54 54 CD 43297 1392 990 Fat fat JJ 43297 1392 991 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 992 , , , 43297 1392 993 29 29 CD 43297 1392 994 Felspar Felspar NNS 43297 1392 995 , , , 43297 1392 996 7 7 CD 43297 1392 997 , , , 43297 1392 998 8 8 CD 43297 1392 999 , , , 43297 1392 1000 41 41 CD 43297 1392 1001 , , , 43297 1392 1002 74 74 CD 43297 1392 1003 , , , 43297 1392 1004 104 104 CD 43297 1392 1005 , , , 43297 1392 1006 110 110 CD 43297 1392 1007 , , , 43297 1392 1008 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1009 , , , 43297 1392 1010 141 141 CD 43297 1392 1011 , , , 43297 1392 1012 144 144 CD 43297 1392 1013 , , , 43297 1392 1014 159 159 CD 43297 1392 1015 Ferric ferric JJ 43297 1392 1016 and and CC 43297 1392 1017 Ferrous ferrous JJ 43297 1392 1018 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 1019 , , , 43297 1392 1020 12 12 CD 43297 1392 1021 , , , 43297 1392 1022 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1023 , , , 43297 1392 1024 see see VB 43297 1392 1025 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1026 Iron Iron NNP 43297 1392 1027 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1028 Fine Fine NNP 43297 1392 1029 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1030 , , , 43297 1392 1031 112 112 CD 43297 1392 1032 Fineness Fineness NNP 43297 1392 1033 , , , 43297 1392 1034 see see VB 43297 1392 1035 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1036 Texture Texture NNP 43297 1392 1037 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1038 Firebricks Firebricks NNP 43297 1392 1039 , , , 43297 1392 1040 14 14 CD 43297 1392 1041 , , , 43297 1392 1042 54 54 CD 43297 1392 1043 , , , 43297 1392 1044 61 61 CD 43297 1392 1045 , , , 43297 1392 1046 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1047 Fireclay Fireclay NNP 43297 1392 1048 , , , 43297 1392 1049 33 33 CD 43297 1392 1050 , , , 43297 1392 1051 35 35 CD 43297 1392 1052 , , , 43297 1392 1053 52 52 CD 43297 1392 1054 , , , 43297 1392 1055 54 54 CD 43297 1392 1056 , , , 43297 1392 1057 82 82 CD 43297 1392 1058 , , , 43297 1392 1059 104 104 CD 43297 1392 1060 , , , 43297 1392 1061 108 108 CD 43297 1392 1062 , , , 43297 1392 1063 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1064 , , , 43297 1392 1065 123 123 CD 43297 1392 1066 , , , 43297 1392 1067 156 156 CD 43297 1392 1068 , , , 43297 1392 1069 166 166 CD 43297 1392 1070 Fissile fissile JJ 43297 1392 1071 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1072 , , , 43297 1392 1073 117 117 CD 43297 1392 1074 Flint Flint NNP 43297 1392 1075 , , , 43297 1392 1076 110 110 CD 43297 1392 1077 , , , 43297 1392 1078 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1079 Flint Flint NNP 43297 1392 1080 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1081 , , , 43297 1392 1082 117 117 CD 43297 1392 1083 Floods flood NNS 43297 1392 1084 , , , 43297 1392 1085 85 85 CD 43297 1392 1086 , , , 43297 1392 1087 87 87 CD 43297 1392 1088 , , , 43297 1392 1089 99 99 CD 43297 1392 1090 Flower flower NN 43297 1392 1091 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1092 pot pot NN 43297 1392 1093 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1094 , , , 43297 1392 1095 57 57 CD 43297 1392 1096 , , , 43297 1392 1097 110 110 CD 43297 1392 1098 Fluoric fluoric JJ 43297 1392 1099 vapours vapour NNS 43297 1392 1100 , , , 43297 1392 1101 75 75 CD 43297 1392 1102 , , , 43297 1392 1103 77 77 CD 43297 1392 1104 , , , 43297 1392 1105 165 165 CD 43297 1392 1106 Fluviatile Fluviatile NNP 43297 1392 1107 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1108 , , , 43297 1392 1109 88 88 CD 43297 1392 1110 , , , 43297 1392 1111 92 92 CD 43297 1392 1112 Fluxes Fluxes NNP 43297 1392 1113 , , , 43297 1392 1114 8 8 CD 43297 1392 1115 , , , 43297 1392 1116 11 11 CD 43297 1392 1117 , , , 43297 1392 1118 38 38 CD 43297 1392 1119 , , , 43297 1392 1120 39 39 CD 43297 1392 1121 , , , 43297 1392 1122 115 115 CD 43297 1392 1123 , , , 43297 1392 1124 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1125 , , , 43297 1392 1126 131 131 CD 43297 1392 1127 Food food NN 43297 1392 1128 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1129 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1130 , , , 43297 1392 1131 1 1 CD 43297 1392 1132 Formation formation NN 43297 1392 1133 of of IN 43297 1392 1134 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1135 , , , 43297 1392 1136 48 48 CD 43297 1392 1137 , , , 43297 1392 1138 70 70 CD 43297 1392 1139 Formula formula NN 43297 1392 1140 of of IN 43297 1392 1141 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1142 , , , 43297 1392 1143 156 156 CD 43297 1392 1144 Free free JJ 43297 1392 1145 alumina alumina NN 43297 1392 1146 , , , 43297 1392 1147 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1148 , , , 43297 1392 1149 154 154 CD 43297 1392 1150 Free free JJ 43297 1392 1151 silica silica NN 43297 1392 1152 , , , 43297 1392 1153 7 7 CD 43297 1392 1154 , , , 43297 1392 1155 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1156 , , , 43297 1392 1157 154 154 CD 43297 1392 1158 , , , 43297 1392 1159 161 161 CD 43297 1392 1160 Frost frost NN 43297 1392 1161 , , , 43297 1392 1162 43 43 CD 43297 1392 1163 , , , 43297 1392 1164 86 86 CD 43297 1392 1165 Fuller Fuller NNP 43297 1392 1166 's 's POS 43297 1392 1167 earth earth NN 43297 1392 1168 , , , 43297 1392 1169 59 59 CD 43297 1392 1170 , , , 43297 1392 1171 133 133 CD 43297 1392 1172 Fulling Fulling NNP 43297 1392 1173 cloth cloth NN 43297 1392 1174 , , , 43297 1392 1175 1 1 CD 43297 1392 1176 , , , 43297 1392 1177 133 133 CD 43297 1392 1178 Fusibility Fusibility NNP 43297 1392 1179 , , , 43297 1392 1180 32 32 CD 43297 1392 1181 , , , 43297 1392 1182 58 58 CD 43297 1392 1183 , , , 43297 1392 1184 113 113 CD 43297 1392 1185 , , , 43297 1392 1186 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1187 Fusible fusible JJ 43297 1392 1188 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1189 , , , 43297 1392 1190 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1191 Fusing fusing NN 43297 1392 1192 point point NN 43297 1392 1193 , , , 43297 1392 1194 32 32 CD 43297 1392 1195 Fusion Fusion NNP 43297 1392 1196 , , , 43297 1392 1197 47 47 CD 43297 1392 1198 , , , 43297 1392 1199 113 113 CD 43297 1392 1200 , , , 43297 1392 1201 120 120 CD 43297 1392 1202 , , , 43297 1392 1203 132 132 CD 43297 1392 1204 , , , 43297 1392 1205 155 155 CD 43297 1392 1206 Ganister Ganister NNP 43297 1392 1207 , , , 43297 1392 1208 52 52 CD 43297 1392 1209 , , , 43297 1392 1210 54 54 CD 43297 1392 1211 , , , 43297 1392 1212 118 118 CD 43297 1392 1213 Gault Gault NNP 43297 1392 1214 , , , 43297 1392 1215 61 61 CD 43297 1392 1216 , , , 43297 1392 1217 132 132 CD 43297 1392 1218 Geological Geological NNP 43297 1392 1219 classification classification NN 43297 1392 1220 , , , 43297 1392 1221 163 163 CD 43297 1392 1222 Geological geological JJ 43297 1392 1223 nature nature NN 43297 1392 1224 of of IN 43297 1392 1225 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1226 , , , 43297 1392 1227 4 4 CD 43297 1392 1228 , , , 43297 1392 1229 50 50 CD 43297 1392 1230 Glacial glacial JJ 43297 1392 1231 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1232 , , , 43297 1392 1233 65 65 CD 43297 1392 1234 , , , 43297 1392 1235 100 100 CD 43297 1392 1236 , , , 43297 1392 1237 162 162 CD 43297 1392 1238 Glaciers Glaciers NNPS 43297 1392 1239 , , , 43297 1392 1240 85 85 CD 43297 1392 1241 , , , 43297 1392 1242 89 89 CD 43297 1392 1243 , , , 43297 1392 1244 100 100 CD 43297 1392 1245 Glass Glass NNP 43297 1392 1246 , , , 43297 1392 1247 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1248 Glassy Glassy NNP 43297 1392 1249 structure structure NN 43297 1392 1250 , , , 43297 1392 1251 47 47 CD 43297 1392 1252 Glazed Glazed NNP 43297 1392 1253 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 1254 , , , 43297 1392 1255 119 119 CD 43297 1392 1256 Glazed glazed JJ 43297 1392 1257 pottery pottery NN 43297 1392 1258 , , , 43297 1392 1259 129 129 CD 43297 1392 1260 Glazed Glazed NNP 43297 1392 1261 terra terra NNP 43297 1392 1262 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1263 cotta cotta NNP 43297 1392 1264 , , , 43297 1392 1265 56 56 CD 43297 1392 1266 , , , 43297 1392 1267 129 129 CD 43297 1392 1268 Grades grade NNS 43297 1392 1269 of of IN 43297 1392 1270 fireclay fireclay NN 43297 1392 1271 , , , 43297 1392 1272 120 120 CD 43297 1392 1273 Gravel Gravel NNP 43297 1392 1274 , , , 43297 1392 1275 7 7 CD 43297 1392 1276 , , , 43297 1392 1277 62 62 CD 43297 1392 1278 , , , 43297 1392 1279 65 65 CD 43297 1392 1280 , , , 43297 1392 1281 89 89 CD 43297 1392 1282 , , , 43297 1392 1283 100 100 CD 43297 1392 1284 , , , 43297 1392 1285 101 101 CD 43297 1392 1286 , , , 43297 1392 1287 102 102 CD 43297 1392 1288 , , , 43297 1392 1289 138 138 CD 43297 1392 1290 , , , 43297 1392 1291 144 144 CD 43297 1392 1292 Green green JJ 43297 1392 1293 colour colour NN 43297 1392 1294 , , , 43297 1392 1295 14 14 CD 43297 1392 1296 Greensand greensand CD 43297 1392 1297 , , , 43297 1392 1298 133 133 CD 43297 1392 1299 Grinding Grinding NNP 43297 1392 1300 , , , 43297 1392 1301 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1302 , , , 43297 1392 1303 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1304 Grit Grit NNP 43297 1392 1305 , , , 43297 1392 1306 112 112 CD 43297 1392 1307 , , , 43297 1392 1308 see see VB 43297 1392 1309 also also RB 43297 1392 1310 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1311 Millstone Millstone NNP 43297 1392 1312 Grit Grit NNP 43297 1392 1313 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1314 Grog Grog NNP 43297 1392 1315 , , , 43297 1392 1316 28 28 CD 43297 1392 1317 , , , 43297 1392 1318 31 31 CD 43297 1392 1319 , , , 43297 1392 1320 41 41 CD 43297 1392 1321 , , , 43297 1392 1322 119 119 CD 43297 1392 1323 , , , 43297 1392 1324 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1325 Growan Growan NNP 43297 1392 1326 , , , 43297 1392 1327 78 78 CD 43297 1392 1328 Gypsum Gypsum NNP 43297 1392 1329 , , , 43297 1392 1330 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1331 , , , 43297 1392 1332 12 12 CD 43297 1392 1333 , , , 43297 1392 1334 62 62 CD 43297 1392 1335 Halloysite Halloysite NNP 43297 1392 1336 , , , 43297 1392 1337 118 118 CD 43297 1392 1338 , , , 43297 1392 1339 158 158 CD 43297 1392 1340 Hardness Hardness NNP 43297 1392 1341 , , , 43297 1392 1342 45 45 CD 43297 1392 1343 Heat heat NN 43297 1392 1344 , , , 43297 1392 1345 effects effect NNS 43297 1392 1346 of of IN 43297 1392 1347 , , , 43297 1392 1348 28 28 CD 43297 1392 1349 , , , 43297 1392 1350 37 37 CD 43297 1392 1351 , , , 43297 1392 1352 39 39 CD 43297 1392 1353 , , , 43297 1392 1354 45 45 CD 43297 1392 1355 , , , 43297 1392 1356 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1357 , , , 43297 1392 1358 122 122 CD 43297 1392 1359 , , , 43297 1392 1360 146 146 CD 43297 1392 1361 , , , 43297 1392 1362 153 153 CD 43297 1392 1363 , , , 43297 1392 1364 154 154 CD 43297 1392 1365 , , , 43297 1392 1366 158 158 CD 43297 1392 1367 , , , 43297 1392 1368 159 159 CD 43297 1392 1369 Hydrargillite Hydrargillite NNP 43297 1392 1370 , , , 43297 1392 1371 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1372 Hydro Hydro NNP 43297 1392 1373 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1374 alumino alumino NNP 43297 1392 1375 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1376 silicates silicate NNS 43297 1392 1377 , , , 43297 1392 1378 6 6 CD 43297 1392 1379 Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons NNPS 43297 1392 1380 in in IN 43297 1392 1381 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1382 , , , 43297 1392 1383 15 15 CD 43297 1392 1384 Hydrolysis Hydrolysis NNP 43297 1392 1385 , , , 43297 1392 1386 78 78 CD 43297 1392 1387 , , , 43297 1392 1388 97 97 CD 43297 1392 1389 Hygroscopic hygroscopic JJ 43297 1392 1390 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1391 , , , 43297 1392 1392 153 153 CD 43297 1392 1393 Hypogenic hypogenic JJ 43297 1392 1394 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1395 , , , 43297 1392 1396 165 165 CD 43297 1392 1397 Ice ice NN 43297 1392 1398 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1399 action action NN 43297 1392 1400 , , , 43297 1392 1401 85 85 CD 43297 1392 1402 , , , 43297 1392 1403 100 100 CD 43297 1392 1404 Ideal ideal NN 43297 1392 1405 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1406 , , , 43297 1392 1407 146 146 CD 43297 1392 1408 Impermeability Impermeability NNP 43297 1392 1409 , , , 43297 1392 1410 40 40 CD 43297 1392 1411 , , , 43297 1392 1412 113 113 CD 43297 1392 1413 Impervious impervious JJ 43297 1392 1414 articles article NNS 43297 1392 1415 , , , 43297 1392 1416 113 113 CD 43297 1392 1417 , , , 43297 1392 1418 155 155 CD 43297 1392 1419 Impurities Impurities NNPS 43297 1392 1420 in in IN 43297 1392 1421 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1422 , , , 43297 1392 1423 7 7 CD 43297 1392 1424 , , , 43297 1392 1425 49 49 CD 43297 1392 1426 , , , 43297 1392 1427 82 82 CD 43297 1392 1428 , , , 43297 1392 1429 102 102 CD 43297 1392 1430 , , , 43297 1392 1431 104 104 CD 43297 1392 1432 , , , 43297 1392 1433 109 109 CD 43297 1392 1434 , , , 43297 1392 1435 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1436 , , , 43297 1392 1437 126 126 CD 43297 1392 1438 , , , 43297 1392 1439 142 142 CD 43297 1392 1440 , , , 43297 1392 1441 143 143 CD 43297 1392 1442 , , , 43297 1392 1443 155 155 CD 43297 1392 1444 , , , 43297 1392 1445 162 162 CD 43297 1392 1446 , , , 43297 1392 1447 163 163 CD 43297 1392 1448 Ions ion NNS 43297 1392 1449 , , , 43297 1392 1450 43 43 CD 43297 1392 1451 Indurated indurated JJ 43297 1392 1452 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1453 , , , 43297 1392 1454 18 18 CD 43297 1392 1455 Infusibility Infusibility NNP 43297 1392 1456 , , , 43297 1392 1457 106 106 CD 43297 1392 1458 , , , 43297 1392 1459 119 119 CD 43297 1392 1460 , , , 43297 1392 1461 see see VB 43297 1392 1462 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1463 Refractoriness Refractoriness NNP 43297 1392 1464 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 1465 Iron Iron NNP 43297 1392 1466 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 1467 , , , 43297 1392 1468 7 7 CD 43297 1392 1469 , , , 43297 1392 1470 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1471 , , , 43297 1392 1472 12 12 CD 43297 1392 1473 , , , 43297 1392 1474 13 13 CD 43297 1392 1475 , , , 43297 1392 1476 20 20 CD 43297 1392 1477 , , , 43297 1392 1478 62 62 CD 43297 1392 1479 , , , 43297 1392 1480 112 112 CD 43297 1392 1481 , , , 43297 1392 1482 119 119 CD 43297 1392 1483 , , , 43297 1392 1484 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1485 , , , 43297 1392 1486 128 128 CD 43297 1392 1487 , , , 43297 1392 1488 133 133 CD 43297 1392 1489 , , , 43297 1392 1490 141 141 CD 43297 1392 1491 , , , 43297 1392 1492 145 145 CD 43297 1392 1493 , , , 43297 1392 1494 164 164 CD 43297 1392 1495 Ironstone ironstone NN 43297 1392 1496 , , , 43297 1392 1497 62 62 CD 43297 1392 1498 Irregularity irregularity NN 43297 1392 1499 in in IN 43297 1392 1500 shape shape NN 43297 1392 1501 , , , 43297 1392 1502 131 131 CD 43297 1392 1503 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 43297 1392 1504 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1505 and and CC 43297 1392 1506 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 1507 , , , 43297 1392 1508 57 57 CD 43297 1392 1509 , , , 43297 1392 1510 124 124 CD 43297 1392 1511 Kao Kao NNP 43297 1392 1512 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1513 ling ling NNP 43297 1392 1514 , , , 43297 1392 1515 148 148 CD 43297 1392 1516 Kaolinite Kaolinite NNP 43297 1392 1517 , , , 43297 1392 1518 19 19 CD 43297 1392 1519 , , , 43297 1392 1520 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1521 , , , 43297 1392 1522 105 105 CD 43297 1392 1523 , , , 43297 1392 1524 107 107 CD 43297 1392 1525 , , , 43297 1392 1526 146 146 CD 43297 1392 1527 , , , 43297 1392 1528 149 149 CD 43297 1392 1529 , , , 43297 1392 1530 158 158 CD 43297 1392 1531 Kaolinization Kaolinization NNP 43297 1392 1532 , , , 43297 1392 1533 76 76 CD 43297 1392 1534 , , , 43297 1392 1535 77 77 CD 43297 1392 1536 , , , 43297 1392 1537 79 79 CD 43297 1392 1538 Kaolins Kaolins NNP 43297 1392 1539 , , , 43297 1392 1540 9 9 CD 43297 1392 1541 , , , 43297 1392 1542 21 21 CD 43297 1392 1543 , , , 43297 1392 1544 49 49 CD 43297 1392 1545 , , , 43297 1392 1546 64 64 CD 43297 1392 1547 , , , 43297 1392 1548 71 71 CD 43297 1392 1549 , , , 43297 1392 1550 73 73 CD 43297 1392 1551 , , , 43297 1392 1552 76 76 CD 43297 1392 1553 , , , 43297 1392 1554 79 79 CD 43297 1392 1555 , , , 43297 1392 1556 82 82 CD 43297 1392 1557 , , , 43297 1392 1558 84 84 CD 43297 1392 1559 , , , 43297 1392 1560 104 104 CD 43297 1392 1561 , , , 43297 1392 1562 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1563 , , , 43297 1392 1564 141 141 CD 43297 1392 1565 , , , 43297 1392 1566 146 146 CD 43297 1392 1567 , , , 43297 1392 1568 147 147 CD 43297 1392 1569 , , , 43297 1392 1570 148 148 CD 43297 1392 1571 , , , 43297 1392 1572 165 165 CD 43297 1392 1573 Keele Keele NNP 43297 1392 1574 series series NN 43297 1392 1575 , , , 43297 1392 1576 55 55 CD 43297 1392 1577 Kellaways kellaway NNS 43297 1392 1578 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1579 , , , 43297 1392 1580 59 59 CD 43297 1392 1581 , , , 43297 1392 1582 61 61 CD 43297 1392 1583 Keuper Keuper NNP 43297 1392 1584 marls marl NNS 43297 1392 1585 , , , 43297 1392 1586 57 57 CD 43297 1392 1587 Kiln Kiln NNP 43297 1392 1588 shrinkage shrinkage NN 43297 1392 1589 , , , 43297 1392 1590 30 30 CD 43297 1392 1591 Kimeridge Kimeridge NNP 43297 1392 1592 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1593 , , , 43297 1392 1594 59 59 CD 43297 1392 1595 Knotts Knotts NNP 43297 1392 1596 , , , 43297 1392 1597 124 124 CD 43297 1392 1598 Lacustrine Lacustrine NNP 43297 1392 1599 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1600 , , , 43297 1392 1601 90 90 CD 43297 1392 1602 , , , 43297 1392 1603 91 91 CD 43297 1392 1604 Lake lake NN 43297 1392 1605 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1606 deposited deposit VBN 43297 1392 1607 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1608 , , , 43297 1392 1609 85 85 CD 43297 1392 1610 , , , 43297 1392 1611 88 88 CD 43297 1392 1612 , , , 43297 1392 1613 91 91 CD 43297 1392 1614 Lakes Lakes NNPS 43297 1392 1615 , , , 43297 1392 1616 85 85 CD 43297 1392 1617 , , , 43297 1392 1618 88 88 CD 43297 1392 1619 Laminated Laminated NNP 43297 1392 1620 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1621 , , , 43297 1392 1622 53 53 CD 43297 1392 1623 , , , 43297 1392 1624 117 117 CD 43297 1392 1625 , , , 43297 1392 1626 122 122 CD 43297 1392 1627 Laterite Laterite NNP 43297 1392 1628 , , , 43297 1392 1629 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1630 , , , 43297 1392 1631 149 149 CD 43297 1392 1632 Lateritic lateritic JJ 43297 1392 1633 action action NN 43297 1392 1634 , , , 43297 1392 1635 80 80 CD 43297 1392 1636 , , , 43297 1392 1637 165 165 CD 43297 1392 1638 Lateritic lateritic JJ 43297 1392 1639 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1640 , , , 43297 1392 1641 82 82 CD 43297 1392 1642 Lean lean JJ 43297 1392 1643 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1644 , , , 43297 1392 1645 29 29 CD 43297 1392 1646 Liassic liassic JJ 43297 1392 1647 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1648 and and CC 43297 1392 1649 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 1650 , , , 43297 1392 1651 57 57 CD 43297 1392 1652 , , , 43297 1392 1653 125 125 CD 43297 1392 1654 , , , 43297 1392 1655 132 132 CD 43297 1392 1656 Lime Lime NNP 43297 1392 1657 , , , 43297 1392 1658 7 7 CD 43297 1392 1659 , , , 43297 1392 1660 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1661 , , , 43297 1392 1662 102 102 CD 43297 1392 1663 , , , 43297 1392 1664 159 159 CD 43297 1392 1665 Lime Lime NNP 43297 1392 1666 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 1667 , , , 43297 1392 1668 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1669 , , , 43297 1392 1670 11 11 CD 43297 1392 1671 , , , 43297 1392 1672 38 38 CD 43297 1392 1673 , , , 43297 1392 1674 41 41 CD 43297 1392 1675 , , , 43297 1392 1676 47 47 CD 43297 1392 1677 , , , 43297 1392 1678 113 113 CD 43297 1392 1679 , , , 43297 1392 1680 115 115 CD 43297 1392 1681 , , , 43297 1392 1682 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1683 , , , 43297 1392 1684 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1685 , , , 43297 1392 1686 127 127 CD 43297 1392 1687 , , , 43297 1392 1688 139 139 CD 43297 1392 1689 , , , 43297 1392 1690 142 142 CD 43297 1392 1691 , , , 43297 1392 1692 143 143 CD 43297 1392 1693 , , , 43297 1392 1694 145 145 CD 43297 1392 1695 , , , 43297 1392 1696 155 155 CD 43297 1392 1697 , , , 43297 1392 1698 157 157 CD 43297 1392 1699 , , , 43297 1392 1700 162 162 CD 43297 1392 1701 , , , 43297 1392 1702 164 164 CD 43297 1392 1703 Limestone Limestone NNP 43297 1392 1704 , , , 43297 1392 1705 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1706 , , , 43297 1392 1707 11 11 CD 43297 1392 1708 , , , 43297 1392 1709 52 52 CD 43297 1392 1710 , , , 43297 1392 1711 59 59 CD 43297 1392 1712 , , , 43297 1392 1713 61 61 CD 43297 1392 1714 , , , 43297 1392 1715 62 62 CD 43297 1392 1716 , , , 43297 1392 1717 88 88 CD 43297 1392 1718 , , , 43297 1392 1719 102 102 CD 43297 1392 1720 , , , 43297 1392 1721 117 117 CD 43297 1392 1722 , , , 43297 1392 1723 127 127 CD 43297 1392 1724 , , , 43297 1392 1725 132 132 CD 43297 1392 1726 , , , 43297 1392 1727 139 139 CD 43297 1392 1728 Lime Lime NNP 43297 1392 1729 troubles trouble NNS 43297 1392 1730 , , , 43297 1392 1731 11 11 CD 43297 1392 1732 Loam Loam NNP 43297 1392 1733 , , , 43297 1392 1734 57 57 CD 43297 1392 1735 , , , 43297 1392 1736 67 67 CD 43297 1392 1737 , , , 43297 1392 1738 88 88 CD 43297 1392 1739 London London NNP 43297 1392 1740 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1741 , , , 43297 1392 1742 62 62 CD 43297 1392 1743 , , , 43297 1392 1744 63 63 CD 43297 1392 1745 , , , 43297 1392 1746 125 125 CD 43297 1392 1747 Ludwig Ludwig NNP 43297 1392 1748 's 's POS 43297 1392 1749 chart chart NN 43297 1392 1750 , , , 43297 1392 1751 35 35 CD 43297 1392 1752 Magnesium Magnesium NNP 43297 1392 1753 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 1754 , , , 43297 1392 1755 7 7 CD 43297 1392 1756 , , , 43297 1392 1757 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1758 , , , 43297 1392 1759 11 11 CD 43297 1392 1760 , , , 43297 1392 1761 41 41 CD 43297 1392 1762 , , , 43297 1392 1763 47 47 CD 43297 1392 1764 , , , 43297 1392 1765 113 113 CD 43297 1392 1766 , , , 43297 1392 1767 115 115 CD 43297 1392 1768 , , , 43297 1392 1769 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1770 , , , 43297 1392 1771 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1772 , , , 43297 1392 1773 133 133 CD 43297 1392 1774 , , , 43297 1392 1775 155 155 CD 43297 1392 1776 Malm Malm NNP 43297 1392 1777 - - HYPH 43297 1392 1778 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 1779 , , , 43297 1392 1780 11 11 CD 43297 1392 1781 Malms malm NNS 43297 1392 1782 , , , 43297 1392 1783 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1784 , , , 43297 1392 1785 68 68 CD 43297 1392 1786 Marcasite Marcasite NNP 43297 1392 1787 , , , 43297 1392 1788 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1789 , , , 43297 1392 1790 13 13 CD 43297 1392 1791 Marine Marine NNP 43297 1392 1792 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1793 , , , 43297 1392 1794 61 61 CD 43297 1392 1795 , , , 43297 1392 1796 93 93 CD 43297 1392 1797 Marls Marls NNP 43297 1392 1798 , , , 43297 1392 1799 10 10 CD 43297 1392 1800 , , , 43297 1392 1801 51 51 CD 43297 1392 1802 , , , 43297 1392 1803 54 54 CD 43297 1392 1804 , , , 43297 1392 1805 55 55 CD 43297 1392 1806 , , , 43297 1392 1807 57 57 CD 43297 1392 1808 , , , 43297 1392 1809 67 67 CD 43297 1392 1810 , , , 43297 1392 1811 68 68 CD 43297 1392 1812 , , , 43297 1392 1813 88 88 CD 43297 1392 1814 , , , 43297 1392 1815 130 130 CD 43297 1392 1816 , , , 43297 1392 1817 132 132 CD 43297 1392 1818 , , , 43297 1392 1819 166 166 CD 43297 1392 1820 Mechanical mechanical JJ 43297 1392 1821 analysis analysis NN 43297 1392 1822 , , , 43297 1392 1823 137 137 CD 43297 1392 1824 Medway Medway NNP 43297 1392 1825 mud mud NN 43297 1392 1826 , , , 43297 1392 1827 132 132 CD 43297 1392 1828 Melting melting NN 43297 1392 1829 point point NN 43297 1392 1830 , , , 43297 1392 1831 31 31 CD 43297 1392 1832 , , , 43297 1392 1833 32 32 CD 43297 1392 1834 Mica Mica NNP 43297 1392 1835 , , , 43297 1392 1836 7 7 CD 43297 1392 1837 , , , 43297 1392 1838 8 8 CD 43297 1392 1839 , , , 43297 1392 1840 76 76 CD 43297 1392 1841 , , , 43297 1392 1842 104 104 CD 43297 1392 1843 , , , 43297 1392 1844 105 105 CD 43297 1392 1845 , , , 43297 1392 1846 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1847 , , , 43297 1392 1848 140 140 CD 43297 1392 1849 , , , 43297 1392 1850 141 141 CD 43297 1392 1851 , , , 43297 1392 1852 144 144 CD 43297 1392 1853 , , , 43297 1392 1854 160 160 CD 43297 1392 1855 Microscopical microscopical JJ 43297 1392 1856 examination examination NN 43297 1392 1857 , , , 43297 1392 1858 18 18 CD 43297 1392 1859 , , , 43297 1392 1860 105 105 CD 43297 1392 1861 , , , 43297 1392 1862 143 143 CD 43297 1392 1863 , , , 43297 1392 1864 158 158 CD 43297 1392 1865 Millstone millstone NN 43297 1392 1866 grit grit NN 43297 1392 1867 , , , 43297 1392 1868 54 54 CD 43297 1392 1869 , , , 43297 1392 1870 55 55 CD 43297 1392 1871 , , , 43297 1392 1872 117 117 CD 43297 1392 1873 Mineral Mineral NNP 43297 1392 1874 nature nature NN 43297 1392 1875 of of IN 43297 1392 1876 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1877 , , , 43297 1392 1878 3 3 CD 43297 1392 1879 Minerals Minerals NNPS 43297 1392 1880 resembling resemble VBG 43297 1392 1881 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1882 , , , 43297 1392 1883 158 158 CD 43297 1392 1884 Mining mining NN 43297 1392 1885 ball ball NN 43297 1392 1886 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1887 , , , 43297 1392 1888 111 111 CD 43297 1392 1889 Modelling Modelling NNP 43297 1392 1890 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1891 , , , 43297 1392 1892 130 130 CD 43297 1392 1893 Moisture Moisture NNP 43297 1392 1894 , , , 43297 1392 1895 15 15 CD 43297 1392 1896 , , , 43297 1392 1897 144 144 CD 43297 1392 1898 Molecular molecular JJ 43297 1392 1899 attraction attraction NN 43297 1392 1900 , , , 43297 1392 1901 22 22 CD 43297 1392 1902 Molecular molecular JJ 43297 1392 1903 constitution constitution NN 43297 1392 1904 of of IN 43297 1392 1905 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1906 , , , 43297 1392 1907 21 21 CD 43297 1392 1908 , , , 43297 1392 1909 156 156 CD 43297 1392 1910 Montmorillonite Montmorillonite NNP 43297 1392 1911 , , , 43297 1392 1912 134 134 CD 43297 1392 1913 Mundic Mundic NNP 43297 1392 1914 , , , 43297 1392 1915 13 13 CD 43297 1392 1916 Muscovite Muscovite NNP 43297 1392 1917 , , , 43297 1392 1918 105 105 CD 43297 1392 1919 Newtonite Newtonite NNP 43297 1392 1920 , , , 43297 1392 1921 158 158 CD 43297 1392 1922 Nodules nodule NNS 43297 1392 1923 , , , 43297 1392 1924 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1925 , , , 43297 1392 1926 127 127 CD 43297 1392 1927 Non non JJ 43297 1392 1928 - - JJ 43297 1392 1929 plastic plastic JJ 43297 1392 1930 material material NN 43297 1392 1931 , , , 43297 1392 1932 43 43 CD 43297 1392 1933 , , , 43297 1392 1934 121 121 CD 43297 1392 1935 , , , 43297 1392 1936 151 151 CD 43297 1392 1937 Non non JJ 43297 1392 1938 - - JJ 43297 1392 1939 refractory refractory JJ 43297 1392 1940 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1941 , , , 43297 1392 1942 166 166 CD 43297 1392 1943 Occurrence occurrence NN 43297 1392 1944 of of IN 43297 1392 1945 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1946 , , , 43297 1392 1947 48 48 CD 43297 1392 1948 , , , 43297 1392 1949 116 116 CD 43297 1392 1950 Ocean Ocean NNP 43297 1392 1951 currents current NNS 43297 1392 1952 , , , 43297 1392 1953 action action NN 43297 1392 1954 of of IN 43297 1392 1955 , , , 43297 1392 1956 89 89 CD 43297 1392 1957 Odour odour NN 43297 1392 1958 of of IN 43297 1392 1959 clay clay NN 43297 1392 1960 , , , 43297 1392 1961 19 19 CD 43297 1392 1962 Oil oil NN 43297 1392 1963 , , , 43297 1392 1964 bleaching bleach VBG 43297 1392 1965 , , , 43297 1392 1966 134 134 CD 43297 1392 1967 Oil oil NN 43297 1392 1968 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 1969 , , , 43297 1392 1970 61 61 CD 43297 1392 1971 , , , 43297 1392 1972 122 122 CD 43297 1392 1973 , , , 43297 1392 1974 123 123 CD 43297 1392 1975 Oolite Oolite NNP 43297 1392 1976 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1977 , , , 43297 1392 1978 59 59 CD 43297 1392 1979 , , , 43297 1392 1980 134 134 CD 43297 1392 1981 Ooze Ooze NNP 43297 1392 1982 , , , 43297 1392 1983 95 95 CD 43297 1392 1984 , , , 43297 1392 1985 99 99 CD 43297 1392 1986 Organic organic JJ 43297 1392 1987 matter matter NN 43297 1392 1988 , , , 43297 1392 1989 19 19 CD 43297 1392 1990 , , , 43297 1392 1991 119 119 CD 43297 1392 1992 Origins origin NNS 43297 1392 1993 of of IN 43297 1392 1994 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 1995 , , , 43297 1392 1996 48 48 CD 43297 1392 1997 , , , 43297 1392 1998 71 71 CD 43297 1392 1999 , , , 43297 1392 2000 160 160 CD 43297 1392 2001 , , , 43297 1392 2002 165 165 CD 43297 1392 2003 Oxford Oxford NNP 43297 1392 2004 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2005 , , , 43297 1392 2006 59 59 CD 43297 1392 2007 , , , 43297 1392 2008 95 95 CD 43297 1392 2009 , , , 43297 1392 2010 164 164 CD 43297 1392 2011 Oxides oxide NNS 43297 1392 2012 in in IN 43297 1392 2013 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2014 , , , 43297 1392 2015 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2016 , , , 43297 1392 2017 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2018 Paint Paint NNP 43297 1392 2019 , , , 43297 1392 2020 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2021 for for IN 43297 1392 2022 , , , 43297 1392 2023 109 109 CD 43297 1392 2024 Paper Paper NNP 43297 1392 2025 , , , 43297 1392 2026 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2027 for for IN 43297 1392 2028 , , , 43297 1392 2029 109 109 CD 43297 1392 2030 Particles Particles NNPS 43297 1392 2031 , , , 43297 1392 2032 nature nature NN 43297 1392 2033 of of IN 43297 1392 2034 , , , 43297 1392 2035 18 18 CD 43297 1392 2036 , , , 43297 1392 2037 31 31 CD 43297 1392 2038 , , , 43297 1392 2039 106 106 CD 43297 1392 2040 , , , 43297 1392 2041 107 107 CD 43297 1392 2042 , , , 43297 1392 2043 150 150 CD 43297 1392 2044 Paving Paving NNP 43297 1392 2045 brick brick NN 43297 1392 2046 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2047 , , , 43297 1392 2048 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2049 Pelagic Pelagic NNP 43297 1392 2050 ooze ooze NN 43297 1392 2051 , , , 43297 1392 2052 95 95 CD 43297 1392 2053 , , , 43297 1392 2054 99 99 CD 43297 1392 2055 Pelinite Pelinite NNP 43297 1392 2056 , , , 43297 1392 2057 83 83 CD 43297 1392 2058 , , , 43297 1392 2059 148 148 CD 43297 1392 2060 , , , 43297 1392 2061 149 149 CD 43297 1392 2062 Permian permian JJ 43297 1392 2063 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2064 and and CC 43297 1392 2065 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 2066 , , , 43297 1392 2067 57 57 CD 43297 1392 2068 , , , 43297 1392 2069 112 112 CD 43297 1392 2070 , , , 43297 1392 2071 124 124 CD 43297 1392 2072 Pholerite pholerite JJ 43297 1392 2073 , , , 43297 1392 2074 117 117 CD 43297 1392 2075 Physical physical JJ 43297 1392 2076 characters character NNS 43297 1392 2077 of of IN 43297 1392 2078 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2079 , , , 43297 1392 2080 17 17 CD 43297 1392 2081 Picking picking NN 43297 1392 2082 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2083 , , , 43297 1392 2084 121 121 CD 43297 1392 2085 Pipe pipe NN 43297 1392 2086 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2087 , , , 43297 1392 2088 64 64 CD 43297 1392 2089 , , , 43297 1392 2090 65 65 CD 43297 1392 2091 , , , 43297 1392 2092 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2093 , , , 43297 1392 2094 109 109 CD 43297 1392 2095 , , , 43297 1392 2096 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2097 Plant Plant NNP 43297 1392 2098 - - HYPH 43297 1392 2099 extracts extracts NNPS 43297 1392 2100 in in IN 43297 1392 2101 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2102 , , , 43297 1392 2103 26 26 CD 43297 1392 2104 Plastic plastic JJ 43297 1392 2105 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2106 , , , 43297 1392 2107 2 2 CD 43297 1392 2108 , , , 43297 1392 2109 43 43 CD 43297 1392 2110 , , , 43297 1392 2111 65 65 CD 43297 1392 2112 , , , 43297 1392 2113 67 67 CD 43297 1392 2114 , , , 43297 1392 2115 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2116 , , , 43297 1392 2117 88 88 CD 43297 1392 2118 , , , 43297 1392 2119 102 102 CD 43297 1392 2120 , , , 43297 1392 2121 112 112 CD 43297 1392 2122 , , , 43297 1392 2123 123 123 CD 43297 1392 2124 , , , 43297 1392 2125 147 147 CD 43297 1392 2126 , , , 43297 1392 2127 148 148 CD 43297 1392 2128 , , , 43297 1392 2129 160 160 CD 43297 1392 2130 Plasticity Plasticity NNP 43297 1392 2131 , , , 43297 1392 2132 20 20 CD 43297 1392 2133 - - SYM 43297 1392 2134 27 27 CD 43297 1392 2135 , , , 43297 1392 2136 41 41 CD 43297 1392 2137 , , , 43297 1392 2138 46 46 CD 43297 1392 2139 , , , 43297 1392 2140 97 97 CD 43297 1392 2141 , , , 43297 1392 2142 98 98 CD 43297 1392 2143 , , , 43297 1392 2144 99 99 CD 43297 1392 2145 , , , 43297 1392 2146 108 108 CD 43297 1392 2147 , , , 43297 1392 2148 109 109 CD 43297 1392 2149 , , , 43297 1392 2150 112 112 CD 43297 1392 2151 , , , 43297 1392 2152 117 117 CD 43297 1392 2153 , , , 43297 1392 2154 123 123 CD 43297 1392 2155 , , , 43297 1392 2156 125 125 CD 43297 1392 2157 , , , 43297 1392 2158 127 127 CD 43297 1392 2159 , , , 43297 1392 2160 151 151 CD 43297 1392 2161 , , , 43297 1392 2162 160 160 CD 43297 1392 2163 Pleistocene Pleistocene NNP 43297 1392 2164 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2165 , , , 43297 1392 2166 67 67 CD 43297 1392 2167 Pockets Pockets NNPS 43297 1392 2168 , , , 43297 1392 2169 65 65 CD 43297 1392 2170 , , , 43297 1392 2171 85 85 CD 43297 1392 2172 , , , 43297 1392 2173 101 101 CD 43297 1392 2174 , , , 43297 1392 2175 116 116 CD 43297 1392 2176 , , , 43297 1392 2177 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2178 Porcelain Porcelain NNP 43297 1392 2179 , , , 43297 1392 2180 37 37 CD 43297 1392 2181 , , , 43297 1392 2182 46 46 CD 43297 1392 2183 , , , 43297 1392 2184 73 73 CD 43297 1392 2185 , , , 43297 1392 2186 109 109 CD 43297 1392 2187 , , , 43297 1392 2188 110 110 CD 43297 1392 2189 , , , 43297 1392 2190 125 125 CD 43297 1392 2191 , , , 43297 1392 2192 129 129 CD 43297 1392 2193 Pores Pores NNPS 43297 1392 2194 in in IN 43297 1392 2195 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2196 , , , 43297 1392 2197 30 30 CD 43297 1392 2198 , , , 43297 1392 2199 114 114 CD 43297 1392 2200 Porosity Porosity NNP 43297 1392 2201 , , , 43297 1392 2202 30 30 CD 43297 1392 2203 , , , 43297 1392 2204 39 39 CD 43297 1392 2205 , , , 43297 1392 2206 121 121 CD 43297 1392 2207 , , , 43297 1392 2208 131 131 CD 43297 1392 2209 , , , 43297 1392 2210 155 155 CD 43297 1392 2211 Portland Portland NNP 43297 1392 2212 cement cement NN 43297 1392 2213 , , , 43297 1392 2214 131 131 CD 43297 1392 2215 Potash Potash NNP 43297 1392 2216 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 2217 , , , 43297 1392 2218 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2219 , , , 43297 1392 2220 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2221 , , , 43297 1392 2222 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2223 , , , 43297 1392 2224 115 115 CD 43297 1392 2225 , , , 43297 1392 2226 116 116 CD 43297 1392 2227 , , , 43297 1392 2228 121 121 CD 43297 1392 2229 , , , 43297 1392 2230 157 157 CD 43297 1392 2231 , , , 43297 1392 2232 see see VBP 43297 1392 2233 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2234 Alkalies Alkalies NNP 43297 1392 2235 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2236 Pottery Pottery NNP 43297 1392 2237 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2238 , , , 43297 1392 2239 1 1 CD 43297 1392 2240 , , , 43297 1392 2241 5 5 CD 43297 1392 2242 , , , 43297 1392 2243 31 31 CD 43297 1392 2244 , , , 43297 1392 2245 46 46 CD 43297 1392 2246 , , , 43297 1392 2247 66 66 CD 43297 1392 2248 , , , 43297 1392 2249 100 100 CD 43297 1392 2250 , , , 43297 1392 2251 101 101 CD 43297 1392 2252 , , , 43297 1392 2253 104 104 CD 43297 1392 2254 , , , 43297 1392 2255 110 110 CD 43297 1392 2256 , , , 43297 1392 2257 112 112 CD 43297 1392 2258 , , , 43297 1392 2259 114 114 CD 43297 1392 2260 , , , 43297 1392 2261 125 125 CD 43297 1392 2262 , , , 43297 1392 2263 129 129 CD 43297 1392 2264 , , , 43297 1392 2265 162 162 CD 43297 1392 2266 , , , 43297 1392 2267 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2268 Precambrian precambrian JJ 43297 1392 2269 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2270 , , , 43297 1392 2271 51 51 CD 43297 1392 2272 Precipitated precipitate VBD 43297 1392 2273 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2274 , , , 43297 1392 2275 97 97 CD 43297 1392 2276 , , , 43297 1392 2277 152 152 CD 43297 1392 2278 Primary primary JJ 43297 1392 2279 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2280 , , , 43297 1392 2281 70 70 CD 43297 1392 2282 , , , 43297 1392 2283 71 71 CD 43297 1392 2284 , , , 43297 1392 2285 84 84 CD 43297 1392 2286 , , , 43297 1392 2287 165 165 CD 43297 1392 2288 Proximate Proximate NNP 43297 1392 2289 analysis analysis NN 43297 1392 2290 , , , 43297 1392 2291 16 16 CD 43297 1392 2292 , , , 43297 1392 2293 144 144 CD 43297 1392 2294 Purbeck Purbeck NNP 43297 1392 2295 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2296 , , , 43297 1392 2297 59 59 CD 43297 1392 2298 Pure pure JJ 43297 1392 2299 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2300 , , , 43297 1392 2301 5 5 CD 43297 1392 2302 , , , 43297 1392 2303 6 6 CD 43297 1392 2304 , , , 43297 1392 2305 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2306 , , , 43297 1392 2307 142 142 CD 43297 1392 2308 , , , 43297 1392 2309 155 155 CD 43297 1392 2310 , , , 43297 1392 2311 156 156 CD 43297 1392 2312 Purification Purification NNP 43297 1392 2313 of of IN 43297 1392 2314 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2315 , , , 43297 1392 2316 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2317 , , , 43297 1392 2318 66 66 CD 43297 1392 2319 , , , 43297 1392 2320 78 78 CD 43297 1392 2321 , , , 43297 1392 2322 104 104 CD 43297 1392 2323 , , , 43297 1392 2324 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2325 , , , 43297 1392 2326 128 128 CD 43297 1392 2327 , , , 43297 1392 2328 140 140 CD 43297 1392 2329 Pyrites Pyrites NNPS 43297 1392 2330 , , , 43297 1392 2331 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2332 , , , 43297 1392 2333 13 13 CD 43297 1392 2334 , , , 43297 1392 2335 44 44 CD 43297 1392 2336 , , , 43297 1392 2337 56 56 CD 43297 1392 2338 , , , 43297 1392 2339 57 57 CD 43297 1392 2340 , , , 43297 1392 2341 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2342 , , , 43297 1392 2343 124 124 CD 43297 1392 2344 , , , 43297 1392 2345 128 128 CD 43297 1392 2346 Quartz Quartz NNP 43297 1392 2347 , , , 43297 1392 2348 8 8 CD 43297 1392 2349 , , , 43297 1392 2350 104 104 CD 43297 1392 2351 , , , 43297 1392 2352 110 110 CD 43297 1392 2353 , , , 43297 1392 2354 118 118 CD 43297 1392 2355 , , , 43297 1392 2356 140 140 CD 43297 1392 2357 , , , 43297 1392 2358 141 141 CD 43297 1392 2359 , , , 43297 1392 2360 143 143 CD 43297 1392 2361 Rain rain NN 43297 1392 2362 , , , 43297 1392 2363 44 44 CD 43297 1392 2364 , , , 43297 1392 2365 85 85 CD 43297 1392 2366 , , , 43297 1392 2367 86 86 CD 43297 1392 2368 Rational rational JJ 43297 1392 2369 analysis analysis NN 43297 1392 2370 , , , 43297 1392 2371 141 141 CD 43297 1392 2372 Reading reading NN 43297 1392 2373 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2374 , , , 43297 1392 2375 63 63 CD 43297 1392 2376 Recent recent JJ 43297 1392 2377 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2378 , , , 43297 1392 2379 67 67 CD 43297 1392 2380 Rectorite Rectorite NNP 43297 1392 2381 , , , 43297 1392 2382 158 158 CD 43297 1392 2383 Re Re NNS 43297 1392 2384 - - HYPH 43297 1392 2385 deposited deposit VBN 43297 1392 2386 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2387 , , , 43297 1392 2388 98 98 CD 43297 1392 2389 Red red JJ 43297 1392 2390 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 2391 , , , 43297 1392 2392 12 12 CD 43297 1392 2393 Red red JJ 43297 1392 2394 burning burn VBG 43297 1392 2395 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2396 , , , 43297 1392 2397 141 141 CD 43297 1392 2398 , , , 43297 1392 2399 142 142 CD 43297 1392 2400 , , , 43297 1392 2401 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2402 Red red JJ 43297 1392 2403 iron iron NN 43297 1392 2404 oxide oxide NN 43297 1392 2405 , , , 43297 1392 2406 12 12 CD 43297 1392 2407 Red red JJ 43297 1392 2408 ware ware NN 43297 1392 2409 , , , 43297 1392 2410 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2411 Reduction Reduction NNP 43297 1392 2412 in in IN 43297 1392 2413 volume volume NN 43297 1392 2414 , , , 43297 1392 2415 30 30 CD 43297 1392 2416 Refractoriness Refractoriness NNP 43297 1392 2417 , , , 43297 1392 2418 34 34 CD 43297 1392 2419 , , , 43297 1392 2420 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2421 , , , 43297 1392 2422 120 120 CD 43297 1392 2423 , , , 43297 1392 2424 123 123 CD 43297 1392 2425 , , , 43297 1392 2426 155 155 CD 43297 1392 2427 Refractory refractory JJ 43297 1392 2428 articles article NNS 43297 1392 2429 , , , 43297 1392 2430 5 5 CD 43297 1392 2431 , , , 43297 1392 2432 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2433 Refractory refractory JJ 43297 1392 2434 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2435 , , , 43297 1392 2436 9 9 CD 43297 1392 2437 , , , 43297 1392 2438 32 32 CD 43297 1392 2439 , , , 43297 1392 2440 33 33 CD 43297 1392 2441 , , , 43297 1392 2442 35 35 CD 43297 1392 2443 , , , 43297 1392 2444 38 38 CD 43297 1392 2445 , , , 43297 1392 2446 52 52 CD 43297 1392 2447 , , , 43297 1392 2448 65 65 CD 43297 1392 2449 , , , 43297 1392 2450 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2451 , , , 43297 1392 2452 104 104 CD 43297 1392 2453 , , , 43297 1392 2454 116 116 CD 43297 1392 2455 , , , 43297 1392 2456 165 165 CD 43297 1392 2457 , , , 43297 1392 2458 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2459 Residual residual JJ 43297 1392 2460 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2461 , , , 43297 1392 2462 70 70 CD 43297 1392 2463 , , , 43297 1392 2464 84 84 CD 43297 1392 2465 , , , 43297 1392 2466 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2467 Resistance resistance NN 43297 1392 2468 to to IN 43297 1392 2469 abrasion abrasion NN 43297 1392 2470 , , , 43297 1392 2471 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2472 Resistance resistance NN 43297 1392 2473 to to IN 43297 1392 2474 corrosion corrosion NN 43297 1392 2475 , , , 43297 1392 2476 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2477 Resistance resistance NN 43297 1392 2478 to to IN 43297 1392 2479 crushing crush VBG 43297 1392 2480 , , , 43297 1392 2481 46 46 CD 43297 1392 2482 Resistance resistance NN 43297 1392 2483 to to IN 43297 1392 2484 cutting cut VBG 43297 1392 2485 , , , 43297 1392 2486 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2487 Resistance resistance NN 43297 1392 2488 to to IN 43297 1392 2489 temperature temperature NN 43297 1392 2490 , , , 43297 1392 2491 see see VB 43297 1392 2492 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2493 Refractoriness Refractoriness NNP 43297 1392 2494 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2495 Resistance Resistance NNP 43297 1392 2496 to to IN 43297 1392 2497 weathering weather VBG 43297 1392 2498 , , , 43297 1392 2499 76 76 CD 43297 1392 2500 Ringing ring VBG 43297 1392 2501 sound sound NN 43297 1392 2502 , , , 43297 1392 2503 110 110 CD 43297 1392 2504 River river NN 43297 1392 2505 - - HYPH 43297 1392 2506 deposited deposit VBN 43297 1392 2507 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2508 , , , 43297 1392 2509 88 88 CD 43297 1392 2510 Rivers river NNS 43297 1392 2511 , , , 43297 1392 2512 85 85 CD 43297 1392 2513 , , , 43297 1392 2514 87 87 CD 43297 1392 2515 Rock Rock NNP 43297 1392 2516 binds bind NNS 43297 1392 2517 , , , 43297 1392 2518 53 53 CD 43297 1392 2519 Rockingham Rockingham NNP 43297 1392 2520 , , , 43297 1392 2521 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2522 Rock Rock NNP 43297 1392 2523 - - HYPH 43297 1392 2524 like like JJ 43297 1392 2525 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2526 , , , 43297 1392 2527 2 2 CD 43297 1392 2528 Rocks rock NNS 43297 1392 2529 associated associate VBN 43297 1392 2530 with with IN 43297 1392 2531 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2532 , , , 43297 1392 2533 48 48 CD 43297 1392 2534 Roman roman JJ 43297 1392 2535 cements cement NNS 43297 1392 2536 , , , 43297 1392 2537 133 133 CD 43297 1392 2538 Roofing roofing NN 43297 1392 2539 tiles tile NNS 43297 1392 2540 , , , 43297 1392 2541 57 57 CD 43297 1392 2542 , , , 43297 1392 2543 63 63 CD 43297 1392 2544 , , , 43297 1392 2545 126 126 CD 43297 1392 2546 , , , 43297 1392 2547 128 128 CD 43297 1392 2548 Sagger Sagger NNP 43297 1392 2549 marls marl NNS 43297 1392 2550 , , , 43297 1392 2551 54 54 CD 43297 1392 2552 Sand Sand NNP 43297 1392 2553 , , , 43297 1392 2554 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2555 , , , 43297 1392 2556 31 31 CD 43297 1392 2557 , , , 43297 1392 2558 41 41 CD 43297 1392 2559 , , , 43297 1392 2560 62 62 CD 43297 1392 2561 , , , 43297 1392 2562 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2563 , , , 43297 1392 2564 89 89 CD 43297 1392 2565 , , , 43297 1392 2566 100 100 CD 43297 1392 2567 , , , 43297 1392 2568 101 101 CD 43297 1392 2569 , , , 43297 1392 2570 117 117 CD 43297 1392 2571 , , , 43297 1392 2572 133 133 CD 43297 1392 2573 , , , 43297 1392 2574 138 138 CD 43297 1392 2575 , , , 43297 1392 2576 144 144 CD 43297 1392 2577 Sandstones sandstone NNS 43297 1392 2578 , , , 43297 1392 2579 53 53 CD 43297 1392 2580 Sandy sandy JJ 43297 1392 2581 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2582 , , , 43297 1392 2583 68 68 CD 43297 1392 2584 Sandy Sandy NNP 43297 1392 2585 loams loam NNS 43297 1392 2586 , , , 43297 1392 2587 88 88 CD 43297 1392 2588 Sandy Sandy NNP 43297 1392 2589 marls marl NNS 43297 1392 2590 , , , 43297 1392 2591 88 88 CD 43297 1392 2592 Sanitary Sanitary NNP 43297 1392 2593 articles article NNS 43297 1392 2594 , , , 43297 1392 2595 5 5 CD 43297 1392 2596 , , , 43297 1392 2597 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2598 Sawdust Sawdust NNP 43297 1392 2599 , , , 43297 1392 2600 40 40 CD 43297 1392 2601 Scum Scum NNP 43297 1392 2602 , , , 43297 1392 2603 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2604 Sea Sea NNP 43297 1392 2605 , , , 43297 1392 2606 action action NN 43297 1392 2607 of of IN 43297 1392 2608 , , , 43297 1392 2609 85 85 CD 43297 1392 2610 , , , 43297 1392 2611 89 89 CD 43297 1392 2612 , , , 43297 1392 2613 99 99 CD 43297 1392 2614 Sea Sea NNP 43297 1392 2615 - - HYPH 43297 1392 2616 deposited deposit VBN 43297 1392 2617 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2618 , , , 43297 1392 2619 93 93 CD 43297 1392 2620 Secondary secondary JJ 43297 1392 2621 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2622 , , , 43297 1392 2623 70 70 CD 43297 1392 2624 , , , 43297 1392 2625 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2626 , , , 43297 1392 2627 83 83 CD 43297 1392 2628 , , , 43297 1392 2629 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2630 Sedimentary sedimentary JJ 43297 1392 2631 rocks rock NNS 43297 1392 2632 , , , 43297 1392 2633 48 48 CD 43297 1392 2634 Sedimentation sedimentation NN 43297 1392 2635 of of IN 43297 1392 2636 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2637 , , , 43297 1392 2638 43 43 CD 43297 1392 2639 , , , 43297 1392 2640 88 88 CD 43297 1392 2641 , , , 43297 1392 2642 90 90 CD 43297 1392 2643 , , , 43297 1392 2644 104 104 CD 43297 1392 2645 Seger Seger NNP 43297 1392 2646 cones cone NNS 43297 1392 2647 , , , 43297 1392 2648 33 33 CD 43297 1392 2649 , , , 43297 1392 2650 34 34 CD 43297 1392 2651 Selection selection NN 43297 1392 2652 of of IN 43297 1392 2653 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2654 , , , 43297 1392 2655 122 122 CD 43297 1392 2656 Selenite Selenite NNP 43297 1392 2657 , , , 43297 1392 2658 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2659 Separation separation NN 43297 1392 2660 of of IN 43297 1392 2661 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2662 , , , 43297 1392 2663 90 90 CD 43297 1392 2664 , , , 43297 1392 2665 145 145 CD 43297 1392 2666 Settling settle VBG 43297 1392 2667 , , , 43297 1392 2668 43 43 CD 43297 1392 2669 Sewerage sewerage NN 43297 1392 2670 pipes pipe NNS 43297 1392 2671 , , , 43297 1392 2672 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2673 Shale Shale NNP 43297 1392 2674 oil oil NN 43297 1392 2675 , , , 43297 1392 2676 15 15 CD 43297 1392 2677 , , , 43297 1392 2678 61 61 CD 43297 1392 2679 Shale Shale NNP 43297 1392 2680 tar tar NN 43297 1392 2681 , , , 43297 1392 2682 123 123 CD 43297 1392 2683 Shales Shales NNP 43297 1392 2684 , , , 43297 1392 2685 2 2 CD 43297 1392 2686 , , , 43297 1392 2687 5 5 CD 43297 1392 2688 , , , 43297 1392 2689 51 51 CD 43297 1392 2690 , , , 43297 1392 2691 52 52 CD 43297 1392 2692 , , , 43297 1392 2693 53 53 CD 43297 1392 2694 , , , 43297 1392 2695 57 57 CD 43297 1392 2696 , , , 43297 1392 2697 61 61 CD 43297 1392 2698 , , , 43297 1392 2699 96 96 CD 43297 1392 2700 , , , 43297 1392 2701 104 104 CD 43297 1392 2702 , , , 43297 1392 2703 122 122 CD 43297 1392 2704 , , , 43297 1392 2705 130 130 CD 43297 1392 2706 , , , 43297 1392 2707 132 132 CD 43297 1392 2708 , , , 43297 1392 2709 138 138 CD 43297 1392 2710 , , , 43297 1392 2711 151 151 CD 43297 1392 2712 , , , 43297 1392 2713 162 162 CD 43297 1392 2714 , , , 43297 1392 2715 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2716 Shrinkage Shrinkage NNP 43297 1392 2717 , , , 43297 1392 2718 11 11 CD 43297 1392 2719 , , , 43297 1392 2720 29 29 CD 43297 1392 2721 , , , 43297 1392 2722 58 58 CD 43297 1392 2723 , , , 43297 1392 2724 68 68 CD 43297 1392 2725 , , , 43297 1392 2726 102 102 CD 43297 1392 2727 , , , 43297 1392 2728 110 110 CD 43297 1392 2729 , , , 43297 1392 2730 117 117 CD 43297 1392 2731 , , , 43297 1392 2732 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2733 , , , 43297 1392 2734 121 121 CD 43297 1392 2735 , , , 43297 1392 2736 127 127 CD 43297 1392 2737 , , , 43297 1392 2738 131 131 CD 43297 1392 2739 , , , 43297 1392 2740 153 153 CD 43297 1392 2741 Sifting sift VBG 43297 1392 2742 , , , 43297 1392 2743 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2744 , , , 43297 1392 2745 138 138 CD 43297 1392 2746 Silica Silica NNP 43297 1392 2747 , , , 43297 1392 2748 6 6 CD 43297 1392 2749 , , , 43297 1392 2750 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2751 , , , 43297 1392 2752 80 80 CD 43297 1392 2753 , , , 43297 1392 2754 154 154 CD 43297 1392 2755 , , , 43297 1392 2756 155 155 CD 43297 1392 2757 , , , 43297 1392 2758 161 161 CD 43297 1392 2759 Silica Silica NNP 43297 1392 2760 rock rock NN 43297 1392 2761 , , , 43297 1392 2762 118 118 CD 43297 1392 2763 Silicates Silicates NNPS 43297 1392 2764 , , , 43297 1392 2765 8 8 CD 43297 1392 2766 , , , 43297 1392 2767 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2768 Siliceous siliceous JJ 43297 1392 2769 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2770 , , , 43297 1392 2771 117 117 CD 43297 1392 2772 Sillimanite Sillimanite NNP 43297 1392 2773 , , , 43297 1392 2774 46 46 CD 43297 1392 2775 , , , 43297 1392 2776 154 154 CD 43297 1392 2777 Silt Silt NNP 43297 1392 2778 , , , 43297 1392 2779 90 90 CD 43297 1392 2780 , , , 43297 1392 2781 91 91 CD 43297 1392 2782 , , , 43297 1392 2783 99 99 CD 43297 1392 2784 , , , 43297 1392 2785 139 139 CD 43297 1392 2786 , , , 43297 1392 2787 144 144 CD 43297 1392 2788 Silurian silurian JJ 43297 1392 2789 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2790 and and CC 43297 1392 2791 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 2792 , , , 43297 1392 2793 51 51 CD 43297 1392 2794 , , , 43297 1392 2795 124 124 CD 43297 1392 2796 Sintering sinter VBG 43297 1392 2797 , , , 43297 1392 2798 38 38 CD 43297 1392 2799 Size size NN 43297 1392 2800 of of IN 43297 1392 2801 particles particle NNS 43297 1392 2802 , , , 43297 1392 2803 18 18 CD 43297 1392 2804 , , , 43297 1392 2805 21 21 CD 43297 1392 2806 , , , 43297 1392 2807 31 31 CD 43297 1392 2808 , , , 43297 1392 2809 106 106 CD 43297 1392 2810 , , , 43297 1392 2811 107 107 CD 43297 1392 2812 , , , 43297 1392 2813 150 150 CD 43297 1392 2814 ' ' POS 43297 1392 2815 Skeleton Skeleton NNP 43297 1392 2816 , , , 43297 1392 2817 ' ' '' 43297 1392 2818 115 115 CD 43297 1392 2819 ' ' `` 43297 1392 2820 Skin skin NN 43297 1392 2821 ' ' '' 43297 1392 2822 on on IN 43297 1392 2823 ware ware NN 43297 1392 2824 , , , 43297 1392 2825 131 131 CD 43297 1392 2826 Slag Slag NNP 43297 1392 2827 in in IN 43297 1392 2828 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 2829 , , , 43297 1392 2830 etc etc FW 43297 1392 2831 . . . 43297 1392 2832 , , , 43297 1392 2833 11 11 CD 43297 1392 2834 , , , 43297 1392 2835 13 13 CD 43297 1392 2836 , , , 43297 1392 2837 119 119 CD 43297 1392 2838 , , , 43297 1392 2839 155 155 CD 43297 1392 2840 Slates Slates NNPS 43297 1392 2841 , , , 43297 1392 2842 51 51 CD 43297 1392 2843 Slurry Slurry NNP 43297 1392 2844 , , , 43297 1392 2845 39 39 CD 43297 1392 2846 , , , 43297 1392 2847 43 43 CD 43297 1392 2848 , , , 43297 1392 2849 152 152 CD 43297 1392 2850 Snow Snow NNP 43297 1392 2851 , , , 43297 1392 2852 85 85 CD 43297 1392 2853 Soda Soda NNP 43297 1392 2854 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 2855 , , , 43297 1392 2856 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2857 , , , 43297 1392 2858 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2859 , , , 43297 1392 2860 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2861 , , , 43297 1392 2862 115 115 CD 43297 1392 2863 , , , 43297 1392 2864 116 116 CD 43297 1392 2865 , , , 43297 1392 2866 121 121 CD 43297 1392 2867 , , , 43297 1392 2868 157 157 CD 43297 1392 2869 , , , 43297 1392 2870 see see VBP 43297 1392 2871 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2872 Alkalies Alkalies NNP 43297 1392 2873 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2874 Softening Softening NNP 43297 1392 2875 point point NN 43297 1392 2876 , , , 43297 1392 2877 33 33 CD 43297 1392 2878 Soil Soil NNP 43297 1392 2879 , , , 43297 1392 2880 see see VB 43297 1392 2881 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2882 Agriculture Agriculture NNP 43297 1392 2883 _ _ NNP 43297 1392 2884 Solubility Solubility NNP 43297 1392 2885 of of IN 43297 1392 2886 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2887 , , , 43297 1392 2888 151 151 CD 43297 1392 2889 , , , 43297 1392 2890 159 159 CD 43297 1392 2891 Soluble soluble JJ 43297 1392 2892 salts salt NNS 43297 1392 2893 , , , 43297 1392 2894 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2895 Sorting sort VBG 43297 1392 2896 , , , 43297 1392 2897 90 90 CD 43297 1392 2898 Sources source NNS 43297 1392 2899 of of IN 43297 1392 2900 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2901 , , , 43297 1392 2902 85 85 CD 43297 1392 2903 Specification Specification NNP 43297 1392 2904 of of IN 43297 1392 2905 fire fire NN 43297 1392 2906 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2907 , , , 43297 1392 2908 120 120 CD 43297 1392 2909 Specific specific JJ 43297 1392 2910 gravity gravity NN 43297 1392 2911 , , , 43297 1392 2912 18 18 CD 43297 1392 2913 , , , 43297 1392 2914 106 106 CD 43297 1392 2915 , , , 43297 1392 2916 151 151 CD 43297 1392 2917 Staffordshire Staffordshire NNP 43297 1392 2918 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 2919 , , , 43297 1392 2920 13 13 CD 43297 1392 2921 , , , 43297 1392 2922 56 56 CD 43297 1392 2923 Standard standard JJ 43297 1392 2924 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2925 , , , 43297 1392 2926 4 4 CD 43297 1392 2927 Stone Stone NNP 43297 1392 2928 , , , 43297 1392 2929 Cornish Cornish NNP 43297 1392 2930 , , , 43297 1392 2931 110 110 CD 43297 1392 2932 , , , 43297 1392 2933 116 116 CD 43297 1392 2934 Stoneware Stoneware NNP 43297 1392 2935 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2936 , , , 43297 1392 2937 104 104 CD 43297 1392 2938 , , , 43297 1392 2939 112 112 CD 43297 1392 2940 , , , 43297 1392 2941 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2942 , , , 43297 1392 2943 156 156 CD 43297 1392 2944 , , , 43297 1392 2945 165 165 CD 43297 1392 2946 , , , 43297 1392 2947 166 166 CD 43297 1392 2948 Stones stone NNS 43297 1392 2949 , , , 43297 1392 2950 7 7 CD 43297 1392 2951 , , , 43297 1392 2952 65 65 CD 43297 1392 2953 , , , 43297 1392 2954 100 100 CD 43297 1392 2955 , , , 43297 1392 2956 102 102 CD 43297 1392 2957 , , , 43297 1392 2958 128 128 CD 43297 1392 2959 , , , 43297 1392 2960 138 138 CD 43297 1392 2961 , , , 43297 1392 2962 144 144 CD 43297 1392 2963 Streams Streams NNP 43297 1392 2964 , , , 43297 1392 2965 85 85 CD 43297 1392 2966 , , , 43297 1392 2967 86 86 CD 43297 1392 2968 Strength strength NN 43297 1392 2969 , , , 43297 1392 2970 23 23 CD 43297 1392 2971 , , , 43297 1392 2972 45 45 CD 43297 1392 2973 , , , 43297 1392 2974 113 113 CD 43297 1392 2975 Sub Sub NNP 43297 1392 2976 - - HYPH 43297 1392 2977 surface surface NN 43297 1392 2978 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 2979 , , , 43297 1392 2980 5 5 CD 43297 1392 2981 Sulphates Sulphates NNPS 43297 1392 2982 in in IN 43297 1392 2983 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2984 , , , 43297 1392 2985 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2986 , , , 43297 1392 2987 12 12 CD 43297 1392 2988 , , , 43297 1392 2989 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2990 Sulphides sulphide NNS 43297 1392 2991 in in IN 43297 1392 2992 clay clay NN 43297 1392 2993 , , , 43297 1392 2994 10 10 CD 43297 1392 2995 , , , 43297 1392 2996 82 82 CD 43297 1392 2997 Sulphuric Sulphuric NNP 43297 1392 2998 acid acid NN 43297 1392 2999 , , , 43297 1392 3000 124 124 CD 43297 1392 3001 Sunlight sunlight NN 43297 1392 3002 , , , 43297 1392 3003 45 45 CD 43297 1392 3004 Surface surface NN 43297 1392 3005 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3006 , , , 43297 1392 3007 2 2 CD 43297 1392 3008 , , , 43297 1392 3009 5 5 CD 43297 1392 3010 , , , 43297 1392 3011 52 52 CD 43297 1392 3012 , , , 43297 1392 3013 112 112 CD 43297 1392 3014 Suspension suspension NN 43297 1392 3015 of of IN 43297 1392 3016 clay clay NN 43297 1392 3017 , , , 43297 1392 3018 43 43 CD 43297 1392 3019 , , , 43297 1392 3020 90 90 CD 43297 1392 3021 , , , 43297 1392 3022 140 140 CD 43297 1392 3023 , , , 43297 1392 3024 152 152 CD 43297 1392 3025 Swelling swelling NN 43297 1392 3026 , , , 43297 1392 3027 15 15 CD 43297 1392 3028 , , , 43297 1392 3029 102 102 CD 43297 1392 3030 Tannin Tannin NNP 43297 1392 3031 in in IN 43297 1392 3032 clay clay NN 43297 1392 3033 , , , 43297 1392 3034 25 25 CD 43297 1392 3035 , , , 43297 1392 3036 26 26 CD 43297 1392 3037 , , , 43297 1392 3038 41 41 CD 43297 1392 3039 Telluric telluric NN 43297 1392 3040 water water NN 43297 1392 3041 , , , 43297 1392 3042 165 165 CD 43297 1392 3043 Temperature temperature NN 43297 1392 3044 , , , 43297 1392 3045 resistance resistance NN 43297 1392 3046 to to IN 43297 1392 3047 , , , 43297 1392 3048 119 119 CD 43297 1392 3049 , , , 43297 1392 3050 120 120 CD 43297 1392 3051 Tensile tensile NN 43297 1392 3052 strength strength NN 43297 1392 3053 , , , 43297 1392 3054 23 23 CD 43297 1392 3055 , , , 43297 1392 3056 45 45 CD 43297 1392 3057 Terra Terra NNP 43297 1392 3058 - - HYPH 43297 1392 3059 cotta cotta NNP 43297 1392 3060 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3061 and and CC 43297 1392 3062 shales shale NNS 43297 1392 3063 , , , 43297 1392 3064 5 5 CD 43297 1392 3065 , , , 43297 1392 3066 10 10 CD 43297 1392 3067 , , , 43297 1392 3068 12 12 CD 43297 1392 3069 , , , 43297 1392 3070 31 31 CD 43297 1392 3071 , , , 43297 1392 3072 46 46 CD 43297 1392 3073 , , , 43297 1392 3074 56 56 CD 43297 1392 3075 , , , 43297 1392 3076 63 63 CD 43297 1392 3077 , , , 43297 1392 3078 91 91 CD 43297 1392 3079 , , , 43297 1392 3080 104 104 CD 43297 1392 3081 , , , 43297 1392 3082 123 123 CD 43297 1392 3083 , , , 43297 1392 3084 124 124 CD 43297 1392 3085 , , , 43297 1392 3086 129 129 CD 43297 1392 3087 , , , 43297 1392 3088 166 166 CD 43297 1392 3089 Tertiary tertiary JJ 43297 1392 3090 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3091 , , , 43297 1392 3092 62 62 CD 43297 1392 3093 Texture texture NN 43297 1392 3094 , , , 43297 1392 3095 112 112 CD 43297 1392 3096 , , , 43297 1392 3097 130 130 CD 43297 1392 3098 Thermal thermal JJ 43297 1392 3099 reactions reaction NNS 43297 1392 3100 , , , 43297 1392 3101 146 146 CD 43297 1392 3102 , , , 43297 1392 3103 154 154 CD 43297 1392 3104 , , , 43297 1392 3105 158 158 CD 43297 1392 3106 Tiles tile NNS 43297 1392 3107 , , , 43297 1392 3108 1 1 CD 43297 1392 3109 , , , 43297 1392 3110 5 5 CD 43297 1392 3111 , , , 43297 1392 3112 57 57 CD 43297 1392 3113 , , , 43297 1392 3114 91 91 CD 43297 1392 3115 , , , 43297 1392 3116 101 101 CD 43297 1392 3117 , , , 43297 1392 3118 129 129 CD 43297 1392 3119 Titanium Titanium NNP 43297 1392 3120 compounds compound NNS 43297 1392 3121 , , , 43297 1392 3122 121 121 CD 43297 1392 3123 Tourmaline Tourmaline NNP 43297 1392 3124 , , , 43297 1392 3125 76 76 CD 43297 1392 3126 , , , 43297 1392 3127 104 104 CD 43297 1392 3128 Transportation transportation NN 43297 1392 3129 of of IN 43297 1392 3130 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3131 , , , 43297 1392 3132 49 49 CD 43297 1392 3133 , , , 43297 1392 3134 86 86 CD 43297 1392 3135 , , , 43297 1392 3136 98 98 CD 43297 1392 3137 , , , 43297 1392 3138 99 99 CD 43297 1392 3139 , , , 43297 1392 3140 100 100 CD 43297 1392 3141 Transported transport VBN 43297 1392 3142 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3143 , , , 43297 1392 3144 70 70 CD 43297 1392 3145 Triassic Triassic NNP 43297 1392 3146 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3147 , , , 43297 1392 3148 57 57 CD 43297 1392 3149 , , , 43297 1392 3150 112 112 CD 43297 1392 3151 , , , 43297 1392 3152 130 130 CD 43297 1392 3153 True true JJ 43297 1392 3154 clay clay NN 43297 1392 3155 , , , 43297 1392 3156 144 144 CD 43297 1392 3157 , , , 43297 1392 3158 146 146 CD 43297 1392 3159 , , , 43297 1392 3160 149 149 CD 43297 1392 3161 , , , 43297 1392 3162 150 150 CD 43297 1392 3163 , , , 43297 1392 3164 160 160 CD 43297 1392 3165 Twisted twisted JJ 43297 1392 3166 ware ware NN 43297 1392 3167 , , , 43297 1392 3168 114 114 CD 43297 1392 3169 , , , 43297 1392 3170 129 129 CD 43297 1392 3171 , , , 43297 1392 3172 131 131 CD 43297 1392 3173 Types type NNS 43297 1392 3174 of of IN 43297 1392 3175 clay clay NN 43297 1392 3176 , , , 43297 1392 3177 82 82 CD 43297 1392 3178 Ultimate ultimate JJ 43297 1392 3179 analysis analysis NN 43297 1392 3180 , , , 43297 1392 3181 16 16 CD 43297 1392 3182 , , , 43297 1392 3183 144 144 CD 43297 1392 3184 Ultra Ultra NNP 43297 1392 3185 - - NN 43297 1392 3186 marine marine NN 43297 1392 3187 , , , 43297 1392 3188 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3189 for for IN 43297 1392 3190 , , , 43297 1392 3191 109 109 CD 43297 1392 3192 Underclays Underclays NNPS 43297 1392 3193 , , , 43297 1392 3194 53 53 CD 43297 1392 3195 , , , 43297 1392 3196 117 117 CD 43297 1392 3197 , , , 43297 1392 3198 118 118 CD 43297 1392 3199 Uses use NNS 43297 1392 3200 of of IN 43297 1392 3201 clay clay NN 43297 1392 3202 , , , 43297 1392 3203 1 1 CD 43297 1392 3204 , , , 43297 1392 3205 165 165 CD 43297 1392 3206 Valuation valuation NN 43297 1392 3207 of of IN 43297 1392 3208 clay clay NN 43297 1392 3209 , , , 43297 1392 3210 103 103 CD 43297 1392 3211 , , , 43297 1392 3212 109 109 CD 43297 1392 3213 , , , 43297 1392 3214 123 123 CD 43297 1392 3215 , , , 43297 1392 3216 126 126 CD 43297 1392 3217 , , , 43297 1392 3218 162 162 CD 43297 1392 3219 , , , 43297 1392 3220 165 165 CD 43297 1392 3221 Vegetable vegetable NN 43297 1392 3222 matter matter NN 43297 1392 3223 , , , 43297 1392 3224 15 15 CD 43297 1392 3225 , , , 43297 1392 3226 119 119 CD 43297 1392 3227 Veins vein NNS 43297 1392 3228 , , , 43297 1392 3229 85 85 CD 43297 1392 3230 Viscosity viscosity NN 43297 1392 3231 , , , 43297 1392 3232 152 152 CD 43297 1392 3233 Verifiable verifiable JJ 43297 1392 3234 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3235 , , , 43297 1392 3236 113 113 CD 43297 1392 3237 , , , 43297 1392 3238 156 156 CD 43297 1392 3239 , , , 43297 1392 3240 166 166 CD 43297 1392 3241 Vitrification Vitrification NNP 43297 1392 3242 , , , 43297 1392 3243 15 15 CD 43297 1392 3244 , , , 43297 1392 3245 20 20 CD 43297 1392 3246 , , , 43297 1392 3247 37 37 CD 43297 1392 3248 , , , 43297 1392 3249 112 112 CD 43297 1392 3250 , , , 43297 1392 3251 113 113 CD 43297 1392 3252 , , , 43297 1392 3253 114 114 CD 43297 1392 3254 , , , 43297 1392 3255 156 156 CD 43297 1392 3256 Vitrification vitrification NN 43297 1392 3257 range range NN 43297 1392 3258 , , , 43297 1392 3259 38 38 CD 43297 1392 3260 , , , 43297 1392 3261 114 114 CD 43297 1392 3262 , , , 43297 1392 3263 115 115 CD 43297 1392 3264 , , , 43297 1392 3265 116 116 CD 43297 1392 3266 , , , 43297 1392 3267 129 129 CD 43297 1392 3268 Volcanoes Volcanoes NNPS 43297 1392 3269 , , , 43297 1392 3270 85 85 CD 43297 1392 3271 Warp warp NN 43297 1392 3272 , , , 43297 1392 3273 99 99 CD 43297 1392 3274 Warped Warped NNP 43297 1392 3275 ware ware NN 43297 1392 3276 , , , 43297 1392 3277 114 114 CD 43297 1392 3278 , , , 43297 1392 3279 129 129 CD 43297 1392 3280 , , , 43297 1392 3281 131 131 CD 43297 1392 3282 Washing washing NN 43297 1392 3283 , , , 43297 1392 3284 7 7 CD 43297 1392 3285 , , , 43297 1392 3286 79 79 CD 43297 1392 3287 Water Water NNP 43297 1392 3288 , , , 43297 1392 3289 effect effect NN 43297 1392 3290 of of IN 43297 1392 3291 , , , 43297 1392 3292 74 74 CD 43297 1392 3293 , , , 43297 1392 3294 76 76 CD 43297 1392 3295 , , , 43297 1392 3296 81 81 CD 43297 1392 3297 , , , 43297 1392 3298 85 85 CD 43297 1392 3299 , , , 43297 1392 3300 86 86 CD 43297 1392 3301 , , , 43297 1392 3302 151 151 CD 43297 1392 3303 Water Water NNP 43297 1392 3304 in in IN 43297 1392 3305 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3306 , , , 43297 1392 3307 15 15 CD 43297 1392 3308 , , , 43297 1392 3309 17 17 CD 43297 1392 3310 , , , 43297 1392 3311 29 29 CD 43297 1392 3312 , , , 43297 1392 3313 39 39 CD 43297 1392 3314 , , , 43297 1392 3315 45 45 CD 43297 1392 3316 , , , 43297 1392 3317 154 154 CD 43297 1392 3318 Wealden Wealden NNP 43297 1392 3319 clay clay NN 43297 1392 3320 , , , 43297 1392 3321 62 62 CD 43297 1392 3322 Weathering Weathering NNP 43297 1392 3323 , , , 43297 1392 3324 44 44 CD 43297 1392 3325 , , , 43297 1392 3326 74 74 CD 43297 1392 3327 , , , 43297 1392 3328 76 76 CD 43297 1392 3329 , , , 43297 1392 3330 79 79 CD 43297 1392 3331 , , , 43297 1392 3332 80 80 CD 43297 1392 3333 , , , 43297 1392 3334 97 97 CD 43297 1392 3335 , , , 43297 1392 3336 107 107 CD 43297 1392 3337 , , , 43297 1392 3338 165 165 CD 43297 1392 3339 White white JJ 43297 1392 3340 bricks brick NNS 43297 1392 3341 , , , 43297 1392 3342 68 68 CD 43297 1392 3343 , , , 43297 1392 3344 128 128 CD 43297 1392 3345 White white JJ 43297 1392 3346 clays clay NNS 43297 1392 3347 , , , 43297 1392 3348 70 70 CD 43297 1392 3349 , , , 43297 1392 3350 166 166 CD 43297 1392 3351 Wind Wind NNP 43297 1392 3352 , , , 43297 1392 3353 86 86 CD 43297 1392 3354 Zeolites zeolite NNS 43297 1392 3355 , , , 43297 1392 3356 157 157 CD 43297 1392 3357 CAMBRIDGE cambridge NN 43297 1392 3358 : : : 43297 1392 3359 PRINTED print VBN 43297 1392 3360 BY by IN 43297 1392 3361 JOHN JOHN NNP 43297 1392 3362 CLAY CLAY NNP 43297 1392 3363 , , , 43297 1392 3364 M.A. M.A. NNP 43297 1393 1 AT at IN 43297 1393 2 THE the DT 43297 1393 3 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 43297 1393 4 PRESS press NN