mv: ‘./input-file.zip’ and ‘./input-file.zip’ are the same file Creating study carrel named classification-TN-gutenberg Initializing database Unzipping Archive: input-file.zip creating: ./tmp/input/input-file/ inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/20146.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/29926.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/17449.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/18751.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/27842.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/31024.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/24330.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/26697.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/3679.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/12762.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/38903.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/33630.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/48925.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/38015.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/43297.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/45287.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/29633.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/26142.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/24762.txt inflating: ./tmp/input/input-file/metadata.csv caution: excluded filename not matched: *MACOSX* === DIRECTORIES: ./tmp/input === DIRECTORY: ./tmp/input/input-file === metadata file: ./tmp/input/input-file/metadata.csv === found metadata file === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named classification-TN-gutenberg FILE: cache/33630.txt OUTPUT: txt/33630.txt FILE: cache/12762.txt OUTPUT: txt/12762.txt FILE: cache/31024.txt OUTPUT: txt/31024.txt FILE: cache/43297.txt OUTPUT: txt/43297.txt FILE: cache/29633.txt OUTPUT: txt/29633.txt FILE: cache/45287.txt OUTPUT: txt/45287.txt FILE: cache/3679.txt OUTPUT: txt/3679.txt FILE: cache/38903.txt OUTPUT: txt/38903.txt FILE: cache/24762.txt OUTPUT: txt/24762.txt FILE: cache/48925.txt OUTPUT: txt/48925.txt FILE: cache/24330.txt OUTPUT: txt/24330.txt FILE: cache/17449.txt OUTPUT: txt/17449.txt FILE: cache/27842.txt OUTPUT: txt/27842.txt FILE: cache/26697.txt OUTPUT: txt/26697.txt FILE: cache/26142.txt OUTPUT: txt/26142.txt FILE: cache/18751.txt OUTPUT: txt/18751.txt FILE: cache/29926.txt OUTPUT: txt/29926.txt FILE: cache/38015.txt OUTPUT: txt/38015.txt FILE: cache/20146.txt OUTPUT: txt/20146.txt === file2bib.sh === id: 24330 author: Nicholls, H. G. (Henry George) title: Iron Making in the Olden Times as instanced in the Ancient Mines, Forges, and Furnaces of The Forest of Dean date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/24330.txt cache: ./cache/24330.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'24330.txt' Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/file2bib.py", line 107, in text = textacy.preprocessing.normalize.normalize_quotation_marks( text ) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/preprocessing/normalize.py", line 32, in normalize_quotation_marks return text.translate(QUOTE_TRANSLATION_TABLE) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'translate' 33630 txt/../ent/33630.ent 33630 txt/../pos/33630.pos 33630 txt/../wrd/33630.wrd 31024 txt/../ent/31024.ent 31024 txt/../pos/31024.pos 31024 txt/../wrd/31024.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 31024 author: Multhauf, Robert P. title: Mine Pumping in Agricola's Time and Later date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/31024.txt cache: ./cache/31024.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'31024.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 33630 author: Boyd, Lucius J. title: Geological Report on Asbestos and its Indications, in the Province of Quebec, Canada date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/33630.txt cache: ./cache/33630.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'33630.txt' 24330 txt/../ent/24330.ent 24330 txt/../pos/24330.pos 24330 txt/../wrd/24330.wrd Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/txt2keywords.py", line 54, in for keyword, score in ( yake( doc, ngrams=NGRAMS, topn=TOPN ) ) : File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 96, in yake word_scores = _compute_word_scores(doc, word_occ_vals, word_freqs, stop_words) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 205, in _compute_word_scores freq_baseline = statistics.mean(freqs_nsw) + statistics.stdev(freqs_nsw) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/statistics.py", line 315, in mean raise StatisticsError('mean requires at least one data point') statistics.StatisticsError: mean requires at least one data point === file2bib.sh === id: 20146 author: Strohm, Rufus T. (Rufus Tracy) title: Engineering Bulletin No 1: Boiler and Furnace Testing date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/20146.txt cache: ./cache/20146.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'20146.txt' 29633 txt/../pos/29633.pos 29633 txt/../wrd/29633.wrd 29633 txt/../ent/29633.ent 17449 txt/../wrd/17449.wrd 17449 txt/../pos/17449.pos 24762 txt/../wrd/24762.wrd Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/txt2keywords.py", line 54, in for keyword, score in ( yake( doc, ngrams=NGRAMS, topn=TOPN ) ) : File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 96, in yake word_scores = _compute_word_scores(doc, word_occ_vals, word_freqs, stop_words) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/ke/yake.py", line 205, in _compute_word_scores freq_baseline = statistics.mean(freqs_nsw) + statistics.stdev(freqs_nsw) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/statistics.py", line 315, in mean raise StatisticsError('mean requires at least one data point') statistics.StatisticsError: mean requires at least one data point 38903 txt/../pos/38903.pos 45287 txt/../pos/45287.pos 12762 txt/../pos/12762.pos 12762 txt/../wrd/12762.wrd 17449 txt/../ent/17449.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 29926 author: Hittell, John S. (John Shertzer) title: Hittel on Gold Mines and Mining date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/29926.txt cache: ./cache/29926.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'29926.txt' 24762 txt/../pos/24762.pos 3679 txt/../pos/3679.pos 38903 txt/../wrd/38903.wrd 43297 txt/../pos/43297.pos 45287 txt/../wrd/45287.wrd 38903 txt/../ent/38903.ent 29926 txt/../wrd/29926.wrd 29926 txt/../pos/29926.pos 12762 txt/../ent/12762.ent 24762 txt/../ent/24762.ent 43297 txt/../wrd/43297.wrd 43297 txt/../ent/43297.ent 20146 txt/../pos/20146.pos 20146 txt/../wrd/20146.wrd 29926 txt/../ent/29926.ent 26697 txt/../wrd/26697.wrd 45287 txt/../ent/45287.ent 3679 txt/../wrd/3679.wrd 3679 txt/../ent/3679.ent 26697 txt/../pos/26697.pos 20146 txt/../ent/20146.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 29633 author: Bishop, Philip W. title: The Beginnings of Cheap Steel date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/29633.txt cache: ./cache/29633.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'29633.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 17449 author: nan title: Mining Laws of Ohio, 1921 date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/17449.txt cache: ./cache/17449.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'17449.txt' 26697 txt/../ent/26697.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 24762 author: Tappan, Eva March title: Diggers in the Earth date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/24762.txt cache: ./cache/24762.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'24762.txt' Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-classic/bin/file2bib.py", line 107, in text = textacy.preprocessing.normalize.normalize_quotation_marks( text ) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/textacy/preprocessing/normalize.py", line 32, in normalize_quotation_marks return text.translate(QUOTE_TRANSLATION_TABLE) AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'translate' === file2bib.sh === id: 38903 author: Hoskin, Arthur J. (Arthur Joseph) title: The Business of Mining A brief non-technical exposition of the principles involved in the profitable operation of mines date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/38903.txt cache: ./cache/38903.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'38903.txt' 48925 txt/../pos/48925.pos 26142 txt/../ent/26142.ent 26142 txt/../wrd/26142.wrd 26142 txt/../pos/26142.pos === file2bib.sh === id: 12762 author: Martin, Edward A. (Edward Alfred) title: The Story of a Piece of Coal: What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/12762.txt cache: ./cache/12762.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'12762.txt' 48925 txt/../wrd/48925.wrd 48925 txt/../ent/48925.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 43297 author: Searle, Alfred B. (Alfred Broadhead) title: The Natural History of Clay date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/43297.txt cache: ./cache/43297.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'43297.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 45287 author: Bramble, Charles A. title: The A B C of Mining: A Handbook for Prospectors date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/45287.txt cache: ./cache/45287.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'45287.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 3679 author: Johnson, J. C. F. (Joseph Colin Francis) title: Getting Gold: A Practical Treatise for Prospectors, Miners and Students date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/3679.txt cache: ./cache/3679.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'3679.txt' 27842 txt/../pos/27842.pos 27842 txt/../wrd/27842.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 26697 author: Hoover, Herbert title: Principles of Mining: Valuation, Organization and Administration date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/26697.txt cache: ./cache/26697.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'26697.txt' 27842 txt/../ent/27842.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 26142 author: Johnson, Samuel W. (Samuel William) title: Peat and its Uses as Fertilizer and Fuel date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/26142.txt cache: ./cache/26142.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'26142.txt' 18751 txt/../pos/18751.pos 18751 txt/../wrd/18751.wrd 18751 txt/../ent/18751.ent 38015 txt/../pos/38015.pos 38015 txt/../wrd/38015.wrd === file2bib.sh === id: 48925 author: Wilson, John title: A History of the Durham Miner's Association 1870-1904 date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/48925.txt cache: ./cache/48925.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'48925.txt' 38015 txt/../ent/38015.ent === file2bib.sh === id: 27842 author: Leith, C. K. (Charles Kenneth) title: The Economic Aspect of Geology date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/27842.txt cache: ./cache/27842.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'27842.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 18751 author: Beringer, C. (Cornelius) title: A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/18751.txt cache: ./cache/18751.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 14 resourceName b'18751.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: 38015 author: Agricola, Georg title: De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556 date: pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/38015.txt cache: ./cache/38015.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 40 resourceName b'38015.txt' Done mapping. Reducing classification-TN-gutenberg === reduce.pl bib === id = 20146 author = Strohm, Rufus T. (Rufus Tracy) title = Engineering Bulletin No 1: Boiler and Furnace Testing date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8933 sentences = 1335 flesch = 92 summary = efficiently the boiler is working is to make an evaporation test, can weigh water and coal and read steam gages and thermometers is show how much water is being evaporated per pound of coal, and the to pump water to the boiler to be tested. water fed to the boiler during the test. boiler is the heat represented by the quantity of water evaporated In a boiler test the temperature of the feed water is usually heat required to change a pound of water at 180° to steam at 100 of heat usefully employed in making steam per pound of coal fired, calculated and the heating value of the coal is known, the boiler boiler horsepower means the evaporation of 34.5 pounds of water per coal must be evaporated to produce a boiler efficiency of 65 per heating the water in the boiler to make steam. cache = ./cache/20146.txt txt = ./txt/20146.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 29926 author = Hittell, John S. (John Shertzer) title = Hittel on Gold Mines and Mining date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 22730 sentences = 1003 flesch = 76 summary = the "pay-dirt," is washed in water, which dissolves the clay and quartz mining the auriferous rock is ground to a very fine powder, the sluice usually runs through the claim, and the auriferous dirt is Very soon after the water and dirt commence to run in the sluice, all pay-dirt contains much coarse gold, the quicksilver is introduced from sluice-box with them in a day; and after the water and dirt have run mining; it washes more dirt, and requires more water, and a larger have a large sluice than a little one, if the water and dirt can be Usually, in a hydraulic claim, the dirt is washed down to the bed-rock; Amalgam can be separated from dirt by washing, almost as well as gold. the dirt, being placed in a pan, may be washed in water, which is never Quartz requires a mill and water-power; placer dirt is washed in a cache = ./cache/29926.txt txt = ./txt/29926.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 18751 author = Beringer, C. (Cornelius) title = A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 206967 sentences = 17215 flesch = 73 summary = hydrogen is passed through an acid solution containing the metals till Again, the metals precipitated in the acid solution form sulphides which silver nitrate solution in a flask with 20 c.c. of dilute nitric acid, of silver nitrate in distilled water and diluting to 1 litre; 100 c.c. of such a solution are equivalent to 1 gram of potassium cyanide.[40] Wash the precipitate back into the flask, boil with 10 c.c. of nitric acid, add soda till alkaline, and pass sulphuretted hydrogen three weeks) by weighing up 0.2 gram of iron wire, dissolving in 10 c.c. of dilute sulphuric acid, diluting to about 100 c.c., and titrating. 3. One gram of brown iron ore dissolved in hydrochloric acid required extent of 0.050 gram in each, with 20 c.c. of zinc solution and 5 c.c. of dilute hydrochloric acid, those in which copper sulphate, ferrous If, now, a solution containing 98 grams of sulphuric acid (H_{2}SO_{4} = cache = ./cache/18751.txt txt = ./txt/18751.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 31024 author = Multhauf, Robert P. title = Mine Pumping in Agricola's Time and Later date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3731 sentences = 264 flesch = 67 summary = MINE PUMPING IN AGRICOLA'S TIME AND LATER detailed mining landscapes on 16th-century German coins in the National development of what Agricola calls _tractoriae_--hauling machines. the region known to Agricola (Erzgebirge) in the 13th century.[3] introduction of machinery for removing ores and water from deep mines. Bechtel speaks have been put as much as a century later.[5] In any case, MINE-PUMPING MACHINERY ILLUSTRATED BY BRUNSWICK MULTIPLE TALERS time,[6] their use in mining would appear to date from the mid-14th Figure 2 shows two shaft-houses covering pumps driven by to a mine." The most powerful machine then in use for deep mines appears many descriptions and drawings showing its use in the mines, driving mines changed in the century after him far more than has been crank was centuries old at this time, and had been applied to pumping arrangement very like that described by Agricola, although not in mining cache = ./cache/31024.txt txt = ./txt/31024.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 17449 author = nan title = Mining Laws of Ohio, 1921 date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 35859 sentences = 1681 flesch = 65 summary = person shall be appointed district inspector of mines unless he has inspector of mines shall not permit such maps, plans, records and shall be filed by the chief inspector of mines in his office, and a inspector of mines shall examine each mine in his district, in which owner, lessee or agent thereof shall furnish the means necessary for =Chief Inspector of Mines Shall Provide and Maintain Rescue The chief inspector of mines shall provide and maintain, one person who shall be appointed by the chief inspector of mines, The person in charge of said rescue car shall, before entering upon is not provided, the owner, lessee or agent shall be required to is provided, the hoisting of persons shall not be required. [=Owner, lessee or agent shall provide second opening.=] district inspector of mines, shall provide such additional safety [=Owner, lessee or agent shall provide shields on mining machines.=] cache = ./cache/17449.txt txt = ./txt/17449.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = 26697 author = Hoover, Herbert title = Principles of Mining: Valuation, Organization and Administration date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 61715 sentences = 3850 flesch = 68 summary = In a general way, only the ore which must be mined need As mines are opened by levels, rises, etc., through the ore, an The risk in estimates of the average value of standing ore is dependent All ore-deposits vary in value and, in the miner's view, only those From the point of view of continuity of values, ore-deposits may In considering the working costs of base-metal mines, much depends work economically extension of the ore-bodies is a matter of no vertical shafts are largely applied to coal-mines, and some engineers There was a time when mines were worked by driving the level on ore SUPPORT BY PILLARS OF ORE.--As a method of mining metals of the objectives is to work the ore at the least cost per ton, it is work which yields ore be charged to stoping account, and if cost and the stoping cost worked out on all ore hoisted, it will include cache = ./cache/26697.txt txt = ./txt/26697.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 27842 author = Leith, C. K. (Charles Kenneth) title = The Economic Aspect of Geology date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 163827 sentences = 7750 flesch = 56 summary = resources--including such as coal, oil, gas, iron ore, copper, gold, and Mineral products formed by weathering from common igneous rocks include MINERAL DEPOSITS WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO IGNEOUS ROCKS WHICH WERE FORMED and zinc ores of the western United States and the copper deposits of indicate them; so mineral deposits associated with igneous rocks are The deposition of ores of igneous source in the country rock into which RESIDUAL MINERAL DEPOSITS FORMED BY THE WEATHERING OF IGNEOUS ROCKS IN Igneous rocks not containing mineral deposits may on weathering change The value of the United States annual mineral production in recent years basic igneous rock, as in Cuba, may produce important residual iron ore The equivalent of 15 per cent of the iron ore mined in the United States =Technical and commercial factors determining use of iron ore minerals.= high-grade deposits mined in the United States, were derived by surface cache = ./cache/27842.txt txt = ./txt/27842.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 3679 author = Johnson, J. C. F. (Joseph Colin Francis) title = Getting Gold: A Practical Treatise for Prospectors, Miners and Students date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 52268 sentences = 2194 flesch = 66 summary = deposition of metals therein, even by mining men of long experience. the gold requires, passes through a perforated iron plate called a formed by accretion on some metallic base, from gold salts in solution, of pure metals, such as gold, in mineral lodes. gold has been formed, that is, by the deposition on metallic bases of gold was formed with the reefs from solutions in mineral waters, by Sometimes, when the gold is very fine, amalgamated copper plates are water, and the gold at once coming in contact with the mercury begins Having treated on gold extraction with mercury by amalgamated plates is now washed with clean water, which leaches all the gold and silver whether it be of gold, silver, tin, copper, or other metal, requires the well watered countries, and such, as a rule, are not those in which gold form of gold mining. cache = ./cache/3679.txt txt = ./txt/3679.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 12762 author = Martin, Edward A. (Edward Alfred) title = The Story of a Piece of Coal: What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 41700 sentences = 1811 flesch = 66 summary = of coal which would be thereby formed for use in some future age, would coal-bearing strata consists of numerous species of ferns, the number of immediately beneath the coal seams, but for a long time it did not strike There is a class of deposit found among the coal-beds, which is known as fact that important beds of coal also occur in strata of much more recent In the early days of coal-mining the explosions caused by this gas soon As we have seen, large quantities of coal are formed and petroleum we obtain from coal, whilst candles, oils, dyes, product of distillation of the coal is stored, and from which the gas of coal-gas would commence to be deposited in liquid form, and care has first products are known as _first light oils_, or _crude coal-naphtha_, coal-tar, that portion of the distillate known as the light oils being cache = ./cache/12762.txt txt = ./txt/12762.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 38903 author = Hoskin, Arthur J. (Arthur Joseph) title = The Business of Mining A brief non-technical exposition of the principles involved in the profitable operation of mines date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 38324 sentences = 2024 flesch = 68 summary = methods in the mining of precious metal ore. mines for the extraction of metallic contents from the ores. which have made him famous among mining men, says, "Ore dressing is an work of carrying on operations in a railroad tunnel is not mining; the driving of adits through barren rocks to reach ore bodies is not mining; dividends paid by the gold and silver mining companies of the United the copper mining companies of the United States exceed the combined The mining of low-grade _gold_ ores by open-pit methods has taken hold per ton of ore mined is said to average 55 cents. With shaft mines, having deep workings and low grades of ore, ores upon, or close to, the mining property. The Portland Gold Mining Company, operating a great property at Victor, There are districts that have many small gold and silver mines with ores cache = ./cache/38903.txt txt = ./txt/38903.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 33630 author = Boyd, Lucius J. title = Geological Report on Asbestos and its Indications, in the Province of Quebec, Canada date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2527 sentences = 89 flesch = 54 summary = GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON ASBESTOS, AND ITS INDICATIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF special attention to the distribution of the Asbestos-bearing rocks Serpentine is generally believed to have been originally deposited as a mention; but in Canada the finest and most crystalline serpentine is to properties it contains, and one which the serpentine of Lower Canada is Italy, Asbestos is found, measuring up to 6 feet, in fibre, and As regards the indications of Asbestos, it is a general recognised fact, all other places where Asbestos-bearing serpentine is found, the existence of Asbestos, or "Amianthus," is noticed when the serpentine is indications of rich veins of Asbestos, which will be found to both serpentine into Asbestos fibre, by the action of the atmosphere. In one or two cases I have seen large quantities of broken rock There are good indications of Asbestos where the serpentine is crossed the various Asbestos mines in Canada, whose opinions have greatly aided cache = ./cache/33630.txt txt = ./txt/33630.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 48925 author = Wilson, John title = A History of the Durham Miner's Association 1870-1904 date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 101075 sentences = 5505 flesch = 72 summary = Council meeting had agreed to recommend the men to work as regularly agreement binding men to work so many hours at the coal face. A Council meeting of the Miners' Association was held in meeting of owners, we shall begin on Monday to work five days per the county for the members of the Durham Miners' Association, and not The Hours Arbitration--Position of the Association--Federation Board members of the Durham Coal Owners' Association, and their workmen, the Durham Coal Owners' Association, the question of whether the Miners' Association--the agreed working hours of the datal men and The Durham Coal Owners' Association feel that the time has come when general and wage questions with the Durham Federation Board. The Durham Coal Owners' Wages Committee feels the responsibility of Board to meet the Owners' Committee in order to advance the matter. time the number of men and hours at the Associated Collieries was cache = ./cache/48925.txt txt = ./txt/48925.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 38015 author = Agricola, Georg title = De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556 date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 323547 sentences = 17202 flesch = 77 summary = kinds of metals, namely gold, silver, copper, iron, tin and lead. silver, gold, tin, copper, iron, or lead ore, in which they all appear speak of _rudis_ gold, silver, quicksilver, copper, tin, bismuth, lead, contain any gold, silver, copper, or lead, and yet it is not a pure gold, silver, copper, or lead, they are mixed in precisely the same way small scale, with the smelting of silver, lead, copper, and tin ores of gold, silver, lead, copper, tin, bismuth, quicksilver, and iron of The ores of gold, silver, copper, and lead, are smelted in a furnace by appear that the lead-copper bullion was melted again with iron ore and at a time are placed in the furnace in which silver-lead is liquated chapters one each to silver, gold, tin, copper, iron, lead, and The ores of gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, and iron are cache = ./cache/38015.txt txt = ./txt/38015.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 43297 author = Searle, Alfred B. (Alfred Broadhead) title = The Natural History of Clay date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 38625 sentences = 1850 flesch = 61 summary = in a scientific sense to include a variety of argillaceous earths (Fr. _argile_ = clay) used in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, pottery and to mean that clays contain water in a state of combination similar to boulder clays it frequently forms a large portion of the stony material. oxide) is the most useful form in burned clay, but in the raw material true clay present in the material, and reaches its highest proportions will it form a strong material when mixed with a plastic clay. When heated moderately, clay forms a porous material and, unless the clayworkers mix non-plastic material such as sand or burned clay with In Great Britain, china clay occurs in the form of powdery particles clay without the addition of any material other than sand and water.] of sand-like material may be removed from some brick-clays whilst a ball cache = ./cache/43297.txt txt = ./txt/43297.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 45287 author = Bramble, Charles A. title = The A B C of Mining: A Handbook for Prospectors date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 41170 sentences = 2786 flesch = 78 summary = as gold found is to Ans. About 13 cubic feet of quartz weigh a ton before being disturbed; when Much gold is derived from copper and iron pyrites, and silver gold can be moved by water accounts for the value of the deposits given the rocks by an ore containing water, quartz, nickel and below, and this is especially true of gold and silver ores. To test an ore for gold, take a pound of it, crush in mortar and pass detecting minute quantities of gold in rocks, ore tailings, etc. basin of water; heat the bottom of the tube containing the ore and Drop a little powdered ore in a test tube; add nitric acid; dilute valuable in the case of copper ore, as little as 1 per cent. minerals are generally the ores of lead, zinc, and carbonate of iron. great specific gravity of gold as compared with water and rock. cache = ./cache/45287.txt txt = ./txt/45287.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 29633 author = Bishop, Philip W. title = The Beginnings of Cheap Steel date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15296 sentences = 907 flesch = 67 summary = Bessemer, who began his experiments in the making of iron and steel in an industrial process; for when the time came, Bessemer patented his patent for "Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel."[14] Bessemer's claim to manufacture "malleable iron and steel without patents outright to the Ebbw Vale Iron Works and by this action, as process," David Mushet greeted Bessemer's discovery as "one of the nothing that Mr. Bessemer may hereafter patent can deprive Mr. Robert Mushet of having Mushet's early praise of the Bessemer process and on his sudden David Mushet's advocacy of Martien's claim to priority over Bessemer manufacture of steel by the Bessemer process which, from the peculiar in making steel by the Bessemer process, which may, therefore, be now Production of Bessemer Steel at Edsken," _Journal of the Iron and Mushet patent is described as so much like Uchatius' process that cache = ./cache/29633.txt txt = ./txt/29633.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = 26142 author = Johnson, Samuel W. (Samuel William) title = Peat and its Uses as Fertilizer and Fuel date = pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 51158 sentences = 3242 flesch = 76 summary = b. Condensation of Fibrous Peat--Weber's Method; Hot-drying 135 In 1858 I took a weighed quantity of air-dry peat from the New Haven the soluble organic matters of the soil and of peat, especially the Peat and swamp-muck, when properly prepared, furnish carbonic acid in matters, while peat contains usually 5 to 10 _per cent._, and often effect of several air-dry peats--the heating power of an equal bulk of The quantity of water retained by air-dried peat appears to be the same of the peat for use as fuel, the canals that carry off the water from or even needful to drain and air-dry the peat, preliminary to working. 50 _per cent._ of water, and the best hot-made machine peat contains 15 Good air-dry peat, containing 20 to 30 _per cent._ of water, in some The exclusive use of air-dry peat as fuel in the cache = ./cache/26142.txt txt = ./txt/26142.txt === reduce.pl bib === Building ./etc/reader.txt 38015 27842 18751 27842 18751 48925 number of items: 19 sum of words: 1,209,452 average size in words: 71,144 average readability score: 69 nouns: water; iron; gold; ore; copper; silver; acid; lead; solution; coal; feet; cent; time; mine; ores; mining; part; mines; metal; deposits; mineral; work; men; use; grams; minerals; surface; rocks; furnace; clay; p.; peat; weight; case; method; material; way; per; conditions; rock; gram; place; clays; metals; amount; end; illustration; fire; salt; oxide verbs: is; be; are; was; have; has; been; were; made; used; being; found; had; taken; make; see; do; required; placed; known; given; does; called; take; added; formed; following; obtained; give; having; containing; put; contains; contain; add; carried; gives; become; described; said; held; fixed; washed; dried; working; produced; done; making; employed; weighed adjectives: other; such; same; many; large; small; first; great; more; long; little; much; present; certain; necessary; second; wide; few; high; general; good; less; most; various; important; lower; possible; different; nitric; dry; considerable; best; third; thick; pure; upper; similar; free; common; equal; latter; greater; hot; last; sufficient; hydrochloric; fine; -; own; new adverbs: not; then; so; more; very; also; out; only; up; as; about; however; thus; most; off; now; again; down; well; even; often; therefore; usually; first; much; sometimes; far; together; generally; too; almost; less; easily; in; away; still; always; nearly; probably; further; on; just; long; here; especially; once; yet; already; somewhat; never pronouns: it; they; he; its; their; we; his; them; i; our; you; itself; him; us; themselves; your; himself; my; one; me; mine; her; ourselves; myself; she; ours; theirs; yours; thee; yourselves; thy; .1; |cost; zoutspanberg.--witwatersrand.--other; ys; weights,--the; washing.~--take; thyself; sb_{2}o_{4; rock._--multiply; pillars.--this; pelf; mgcl2; iron.~--of; interest:--; insignia.--antique; iii.--_peat; hno_{3}.~; hitherto; hg proper nouns: _; c.c; |; united; states; agricola; c.; de; mr; .; sulphur; committee; board; association; c; ore; sec; new; ||; ammonia; fig; bessemer; durham; mining; w.; dilute; j.; south; coal; england; council; g.; pp; london; book; general; miners; assay; germany; alumina; pliny; federation; acid; copper; iron; bismuth; china; vitriol; f; mr. keywords: illustration; water; ore; mining; metal; gold; iron; new; work; south; silver; form; foot; find; fig; deposit; copper; vein; united; time; test; states; rock; mr.; mineral; man; lead; large; great; german; general; england; coal; canada; california; book; america; agricola; acid; xxvii=; weber; vii; varying; value; vale; union; survey; superior; student; stope one topic; one dimension: water file(s): ./cache/27842.txt titles(s): The Economic Aspect of Geology three topics; one dimension: water; coal; shall file(s): ./cache/38015.txt, ./cache/27842.txt, ./cache/48925.txt titles(s): De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556 | The Economic Aspect of Geology | A History of the Durham Miner''s Association 1870-1904 five topics; three dimensions: silver copper lead; acid solution water; deposits ores ore; gold peat water; coal mr men file(s): ./cache/38015.txt, ./cache/18751.txt, ./cache/27842.txt, ./cache/29926.txt, ./cache/48925.txt titles(s): De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556 | A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. | The Economic Aspect of Geology | Hittel on Gold Mines and Mining | A History of the Durham Miner''s Association 1870-1904 Type: gutenberg title: classification-TN-gutenberg date: 2021-05-28 time: 17:05 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: classification:"TN" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: 38015 author: Agricola, Georg title: De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556 date: words: 323547.0 sentences: 17202.0 pages: flesch: 77.0 cache: ./cache/38015.txt txt: ./txt/38015.txt summary: kinds of metals, namely gold, silver, copper, iron, tin and lead. silver, gold, tin, copper, iron, or lead ore, in which they all appear speak of _rudis_ gold, silver, quicksilver, copper, tin, bismuth, lead, contain any gold, silver, copper, or lead, and yet it is not a pure gold, silver, copper, or lead, they are mixed in precisely the same way small scale, with the smelting of silver, lead, copper, and tin ores of gold, silver, lead, copper, tin, bismuth, quicksilver, and iron of The ores of gold, silver, copper, and lead, are smelted in a furnace by appear that the lead-copper bullion was melted again with iron ore and at a time are placed in the furnace in which silver-lead is liquated chapters one each to silver, gold, tin, copper, iron, lead, and The ores of gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, and iron are id: 18751 author: Beringer, C. (Cornelius) title: A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. date: words: 206967.0 sentences: 17215.0 pages: flesch: 73.0 cache: ./cache/18751.txt txt: ./txt/18751.txt summary: hydrogen is passed through an acid solution containing the metals till Again, the metals precipitated in the acid solution form sulphides which silver nitrate solution in a flask with 20 c.c. of dilute nitric acid, of silver nitrate in distilled water and diluting to 1 litre; 100 c.c. of such a solution are equivalent to 1 gram of potassium cyanide.[40] Wash the precipitate back into the flask, boil with 10 c.c. of nitric acid, add soda till alkaline, and pass sulphuretted hydrogen three weeks) by weighing up 0.2 gram of iron wire, dissolving in 10 c.c. of dilute sulphuric acid, diluting to about 100 c.c., and titrating. 3. One gram of brown iron ore dissolved in hydrochloric acid required extent of 0.050 gram in each, with 20 c.c. of zinc solution and 5 c.c. of dilute hydrochloric acid, those in which copper sulphate, ferrous If, now, a solution containing 98 grams of sulphuric acid (H_{2}SO_{4} = id: 29633 author: Bishop, Philip W. title: The Beginnings of Cheap Steel date: words: 15296.0 sentences: 907.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/29633.txt txt: ./txt/29633.txt summary: Bessemer, who began his experiments in the making of iron and steel in an industrial process; for when the time came, Bessemer patented his patent for "Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron and Steel."[14] Bessemer''s claim to manufacture "malleable iron and steel without patents outright to the Ebbw Vale Iron Works and by this action, as process," David Mushet greeted Bessemer''s discovery as "one of the nothing that Mr. Bessemer may hereafter patent can deprive Mr. Robert Mushet of having Mushet''s early praise of the Bessemer process and on his sudden David Mushet''s advocacy of Martien''s claim to priority over Bessemer manufacture of steel by the Bessemer process which, from the peculiar in making steel by the Bessemer process, which may, therefore, be now Production of Bessemer Steel at Edsken," _Journal of the Iron and Mushet patent is described as so much like Uchatius'' process that id: 33630 author: Boyd, Lucius J. title: Geological Report on Asbestos and its Indications, in the Province of Quebec, Canada date: words: 2527.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/33630.txt txt: ./txt/33630.txt summary: GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON ASBESTOS, AND ITS INDICATIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF special attention to the distribution of the Asbestos-bearing rocks Serpentine is generally believed to have been originally deposited as a mention; but in Canada the finest and most crystalline serpentine is to properties it contains, and one which the serpentine of Lower Canada is Italy, Asbestos is found, measuring up to 6 feet, in fibre, and As regards the indications of Asbestos, it is a general recognised fact, all other places where Asbestos-bearing serpentine is found, the existence of Asbestos, or "Amianthus," is noticed when the serpentine is indications of rich veins of Asbestos, which will be found to both serpentine into Asbestos fibre, by the action of the atmosphere. In one or two cases I have seen large quantities of broken rock There are good indications of Asbestos where the serpentine is crossed the various Asbestos mines in Canada, whose opinions have greatly aided id: 45287 author: Bramble, Charles A. title: The A B C of Mining: A Handbook for Prospectors date: words: 41170.0 sentences: 2786.0 pages: flesch: 78.0 cache: ./cache/45287.txt txt: ./txt/45287.txt summary: as gold found is to Ans. About 13 cubic feet of quartz weigh a ton before being disturbed; when Much gold is derived from copper and iron pyrites, and silver gold can be moved by water accounts for the value of the deposits given the rocks by an ore containing water, quartz, nickel and below, and this is especially true of gold and silver ores. To test an ore for gold, take a pound of it, crush in mortar and pass detecting minute quantities of gold in rocks, ore tailings, etc. basin of water; heat the bottom of the tube containing the ore and Drop a little powdered ore in a test tube; add nitric acid; dilute valuable in the case of copper ore, as little as 1 per cent. minerals are generally the ores of lead, zinc, and carbonate of iron. great specific gravity of gold as compared with water and rock. id: 29926 author: Hittell, John S. (John Shertzer) title: Hittel on Gold Mines and Mining date: words: 22730.0 sentences: 1003.0 pages: flesch: 76.0 cache: ./cache/29926.txt txt: ./txt/29926.txt summary: the "pay-dirt," is washed in water, which dissolves the clay and quartz mining the auriferous rock is ground to a very fine powder, the sluice usually runs through the claim, and the auriferous dirt is Very soon after the water and dirt commence to run in the sluice, all pay-dirt contains much coarse gold, the quicksilver is introduced from sluice-box with them in a day; and after the water and dirt have run mining; it washes more dirt, and requires more water, and a larger have a large sluice than a little one, if the water and dirt can be Usually, in a hydraulic claim, the dirt is washed down to the bed-rock; Amalgam can be separated from dirt by washing, almost as well as gold. the dirt, being placed in a pan, may be washed in water, which is never Quartz requires a mill and water-power; placer dirt is washed in a id: 26697 author: Hoover, Herbert title: Principles of Mining: Valuation, Organization and Administration date: words: 61715.0 sentences: 3850.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/26697.txt txt: ./txt/26697.txt summary: In a general way, only the ore which must be mined need As mines are opened by levels, rises, etc., through the ore, an The risk in estimates of the average value of standing ore is dependent All ore-deposits vary in value and, in the miner''s view, only those From the point of view of continuity of values, ore-deposits may In considering the working costs of base-metal mines, much depends work economically extension of the ore-bodies is a matter of no vertical shafts are largely applied to coal-mines, and some engineers There was a time when mines were worked by driving the level on ore SUPPORT BY PILLARS OF ORE.--As a method of mining metals of the objectives is to work the ore at the least cost per ton, it is work which yields ore be charged to stoping account, and if cost and the stoping cost worked out on all ore hoisted, it will include id: 38903 author: Hoskin, Arthur J. (Arthur Joseph) title: The Business of Mining A brief non-technical exposition of the principles involved in the profitable operation of mines date: words: 38324.0 sentences: 2024.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/38903.txt txt: ./txt/38903.txt summary: methods in the mining of precious metal ore. mines for the extraction of metallic contents from the ores. which have made him famous among mining men, says, "Ore dressing is an work of carrying on operations in a railroad tunnel is not mining; the driving of adits through barren rocks to reach ore bodies is not mining; dividends paid by the gold and silver mining companies of the United the copper mining companies of the United States exceed the combined The mining of low-grade _gold_ ores by open-pit methods has taken hold per ton of ore mined is said to average 55 cents. With shaft mines, having deep workings and low grades of ore, ores upon, or close to, the mining property. The Portland Gold Mining Company, operating a great property at Victor, There are districts that have many small gold and silver mines with ores id: 3679 author: Johnson, J. C. F. (Joseph Colin Francis) title: Getting Gold: A Practical Treatise for Prospectors, Miners and Students date: words: 52268.0 sentences: 2194.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/3679.txt txt: ./txt/3679.txt summary: deposition of metals therein, even by mining men of long experience. the gold requires, passes through a perforated iron plate called a formed by accretion on some metallic base, from gold salts in solution, of pure metals, such as gold, in mineral lodes. gold has been formed, that is, by the deposition on metallic bases of gold was formed with the reefs from solutions in mineral waters, by Sometimes, when the gold is very fine, amalgamated copper plates are water, and the gold at once coming in contact with the mercury begins Having treated on gold extraction with mercury by amalgamated plates is now washed with clean water, which leaches all the gold and silver whether it be of gold, silver, tin, copper, or other metal, requires the well watered countries, and such, as a rule, are not those in which gold form of gold mining. id: 26142 author: Johnson, Samuel W. (Samuel William) title: Peat and its Uses as Fertilizer and Fuel date: words: 51158.0 sentences: 3242.0 pages: flesch: 76.0 cache: ./cache/26142.txt txt: ./txt/26142.txt summary: b. Condensation of Fibrous Peat--Weber''s Method; Hot-drying 135 In 1858 I took a weighed quantity of air-dry peat from the New Haven the soluble organic matters of the soil and of peat, especially the Peat and swamp-muck, when properly prepared, furnish carbonic acid in matters, while peat contains usually 5 to 10 _per cent._, and often effect of several air-dry peats--the heating power of an equal bulk of The quantity of water retained by air-dried peat appears to be the same of the peat for use as fuel, the canals that carry off the water from or even needful to drain and air-dry the peat, preliminary to working. 50 _per cent._ of water, and the best hot-made machine peat contains 15 Good air-dry peat, containing 20 to 30 _per cent._ of water, in some The exclusive use of air-dry peat as fuel in the id: 27842 author: Leith, C. K. (Charles Kenneth) title: The Economic Aspect of Geology date: words: 163827.0 sentences: 7750.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/27842.txt txt: ./txt/27842.txt summary: resources--including such as coal, oil, gas, iron ore, copper, gold, and Mineral products formed by weathering from common igneous rocks include MINERAL DEPOSITS WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO IGNEOUS ROCKS WHICH WERE FORMED and zinc ores of the western United States and the copper deposits of indicate them; so mineral deposits associated with igneous rocks are The deposition of ores of igneous source in the country rock into which RESIDUAL MINERAL DEPOSITS FORMED BY THE WEATHERING OF IGNEOUS ROCKS IN Igneous rocks not containing mineral deposits may on weathering change The value of the United States annual mineral production in recent years basic igneous rock, as in Cuba, may produce important residual iron ore The equivalent of 15 per cent of the iron ore mined in the United States =Technical and commercial factors determining use of iron ore minerals.= high-grade deposits mined in the United States, were derived by surface id: 12762 author: Martin, Edward A. (Edward Alfred) title: The Story of a Piece of Coal: What It Is, Whence It Comes, and Whither It Goes date: words: 41700.0 sentences: 1811.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/12762.txt txt: ./txt/12762.txt summary: of coal which would be thereby formed for use in some future age, would coal-bearing strata consists of numerous species of ferns, the number of immediately beneath the coal seams, but for a long time it did not strike There is a class of deposit found among the coal-beds, which is known as fact that important beds of coal also occur in strata of much more recent In the early days of coal-mining the explosions caused by this gas soon As we have seen, large quantities of coal are formed and petroleum we obtain from coal, whilst candles, oils, dyes, product of distillation of the coal is stored, and from which the gas of coal-gas would commence to be deposited in liquid form, and care has first products are known as _first light oils_, or _crude coal-naphtha_, coal-tar, that portion of the distillate known as the light oils being id: 31024 author: Multhauf, Robert P. title: Mine Pumping in Agricola''s Time and Later date: words: 3731.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/31024.txt txt: ./txt/31024.txt summary: MINE PUMPING IN AGRICOLA''S TIME AND LATER detailed mining landscapes on 16th-century German coins in the National development of what Agricola calls _tractoriae_--hauling machines. the region known to Agricola (Erzgebirge) in the 13th century.[3] introduction of machinery for removing ores and water from deep mines. Bechtel speaks have been put as much as a century later.[5] In any case, MINE-PUMPING MACHINERY ILLUSTRATED BY BRUNSWICK MULTIPLE TALERS time,[6] their use in mining would appear to date from the mid-14th Figure 2 shows two shaft-houses covering pumps driven by to a mine." The most powerful machine then in use for deep mines appears many descriptions and drawings showing its use in the mines, driving mines changed in the century after him far more than has been crank was centuries old at this time, and had been applied to pumping arrangement very like that described by Agricola, although not in mining id: 24330 author: Nicholls, H. G. (Henry George) title: Iron Making in the Olden Times as instanced in the Ancient Mines, Forges, and Furnaces of The Forest of Dean date: words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: id: 43297 author: Searle, Alfred B. (Alfred Broadhead) title: The Natural History of Clay date: words: 38625.0 sentences: 1850.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/43297.txt txt: ./txt/43297.txt summary: in a scientific sense to include a variety of argillaceous earths (Fr. _argile_ = clay) used in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, pottery and to mean that clays contain water in a state of combination similar to boulder clays it frequently forms a large portion of the stony material. oxide) is the most useful form in burned clay, but in the raw material true clay present in the material, and reaches its highest proportions will it form a strong material when mixed with a plastic clay. When heated moderately, clay forms a porous material and, unless the clayworkers mix non-plastic material such as sand or burned clay with In Great Britain, china clay occurs in the form of powdery particles clay without the addition of any material other than sand and water.] of sand-like material may be removed from some brick-clays whilst a ball id: 20146 author: Strohm, Rufus T. (Rufus Tracy) title: Engineering Bulletin No 1: Boiler and Furnace Testing date: words: 8933.0 sentences: 1335.0 pages: flesch: 92.0 cache: ./cache/20146.txt txt: ./txt/20146.txt summary: efficiently the boiler is working is to make an evaporation test, can weigh water and coal and read steam gages and thermometers is show how much water is being evaporated per pound of coal, and the to pump water to the boiler to be tested. water fed to the boiler during the test. boiler is the heat represented by the quantity of water evaporated In a boiler test the temperature of the feed water is usually heat required to change a pound of water at 180° to steam at 100 of heat usefully employed in making steam per pound of coal fired, calculated and the heating value of the coal is known, the boiler boiler horsepower means the evaporation of 34.5 pounds of water per coal must be evaporated to produce a boiler efficiency of 65 per heating the water in the boiler to make steam. id: 24762 author: Tappan, Eva March title: Diggers in the Earth date: words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: id: 48925 author: Wilson, John title: A History of the Durham Miner''s Association 1870-1904 date: words: 101075.0 sentences: 5505.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/48925.txt txt: ./txt/48925.txt summary: Council meeting had agreed to recommend the men to work as regularly agreement binding men to work so many hours at the coal face. A Council meeting of the Miners'' Association was held in meeting of owners, we shall begin on Monday to work five days per the county for the members of the Durham Miners'' Association, and not The Hours Arbitration--Position of the Association--Federation Board members of the Durham Coal Owners'' Association, and their workmen, the Durham Coal Owners'' Association, the question of whether the Miners'' Association--the agreed working hours of the datal men and The Durham Coal Owners'' Association feel that the time has come when general and wage questions with the Durham Federation Board. The Durham Coal Owners'' Wages Committee feels the responsibility of Board to meet the Owners'' Committee in order to advance the matter. time the number of men and hours at the Associated Collieries was id: 17449 author: nan title: Mining Laws of Ohio, 1921 date: words: 35859.0 sentences: 1681.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/17449.txt txt: ./txt/17449.txt summary: person shall be appointed district inspector of mines unless he has inspector of mines shall not permit such maps, plans, records and shall be filed by the chief inspector of mines in his office, and a inspector of mines shall examine each mine in his district, in which owner, lessee or agent thereof shall furnish the means necessary for =Chief Inspector of Mines Shall Provide and Maintain Rescue The chief inspector of mines shall provide and maintain, one person who shall be appointed by the chief inspector of mines, The person in charge of said rescue car shall, before entering upon is not provided, the owner, lessee or agent shall be required to is provided, the hoisting of persons shall not be required. [=Owner, lessee or agent shall provide second opening.=] district inspector of mines, shall provide such additional safety [=Owner, lessee or agent shall provide shields on mining machines.=] ==== make-pages.sh questions ==== make-pages.sh search ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel