Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 48 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 34695 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 75 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 illustration 9 Fig 8 work 7 Mr. 5 time 4 water 4 colour 4 acid 4 States 4 FIG 3 watch 3 tree 3 steel 3 material 3 fig 3 day 3 clock 3 chapter 3 Messrs. 3 London 3 John 3 England 3 Company 3 Co. 2 wool 2 wood 2 warp 2 tooth 2 thread 2 surface 2 solution 2 rubber 2 roller 2 process 2 page 2 metal 2 man 2 machine 2 hour 2 heat 2 hat 2 great 2 good 2 figure 2 fibre 2 dye 2 drying 2 diamond 2 cut 2 color Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 3249 time 2719 work 2593 illustration 2507 piece 2490 water 2095 part 2082 wood 1992 acid 1849 inch 1792 case 1774 end 1766 steel 1750 material 1747 point 1592 day 1504 surface 1452 man 1438 rubber 1426 year 1412 machine 1401 side 1389 cotton 1387 process 1374 use 1330 method 1324 temperature 1290 cent 1280 line 1260 paper 1186 hand 1119 way 1119 solution 1110 place 1102 wheel 1093 colour 1067 heat 1064 metal 1062 number 1047 stone 1028 form 1020 fabric 1015 oil 1004 fig 989 iron 981 degree 970 thread 962 hour 952 result 941 hole 940 air Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 15363 _ 2169 | 1935 Fig 901 FIG 659 . 522 F 522 A 512 Mr. 509 C. 452 B 421 D 409 C 405 F. 356 W. 348 H. 346 New 338 J. 324 Cotton 322 b 295 E. 284 England 278 Plate 269 States 265 India 253 Co. 250 London 249 c 247 S. 243 8vo 233 United 230 Neradol 222 G. 212 CHAPTER 209 B. 203 pp 200 John 184 A. 183 E 182 M. 181 Gear 180 e 180 Series 179 D. 177 d 176 R. 175 America 174 L. 172 6d 170 II 170 Baltimore Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 14935 it 3531 they 3522 we 2474 he 2228 i 1984 them 674 him 666 you 420 us 411 itself 382 me 278 one 239 she 230 himself 213 themselves 98 her 55 myself 29 ourselves 16 herself 10 ours 6 yourself 6 temper.--no 5 theirs 4 mine 3 oneself 2 his 2 ''em 1 |cost 1 |alizarin 1 work= 1 wool= 1 v 1 thumbscrews 1 tackiness.--at 1 streaks.--this 1 panniers.= 1 house.--this 1 fry 1 example,--you 1 em 1 calculation#--1 1 butt 1 a.--description 1 66/4 1 -----+---------------------------+-----------------+-------------------+ Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 68768 be 11313 have 6364 make 3715 use 2978 do 2513 give 2219 show 2126 take 1928 find 1824 see 1636 cut 1275 produce 1253 know 1232 obtain 1169 require 1115 place 1075 call 1058 say 1032 form 1008 follow 988 become 975 pass 956 contain 941 work 936 add 934 draw 928 come 902 keep 887 leave 835 remove 833 go 810 apply 782 allow 753 employ 746 put 744 dry 730 set 730 carry 673 hold 673 appear 663 get 661 cause 626 bring 618 turn 618 describe 580 run 573 weave 573 remain 532 heat 530 increase Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 6111 not 2958 more 2940 other 2842 very 2208 so 2156 then 2152 great 2140 well 2086 also 2078 only 2021 good 1923 first 1885 large 1877 same 1787 small 1746 such 1737 out 1704 as 1703 up 1654 much 1643 most 1534 now 1508 many 1403 long 1302 high 1270 about 1205 however 1181 little 1087 thus 1075 fine 1057 necessary 999 even 969 less 899 different 872 together 864 old 858 possible 834 low 830 white 814 often 790 various 777 off 768 too 759 usually 747 few 747 down 709 hard 680 similar 669 generally 667 new Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 809 good 468 most 253 least 198 great 99 high 95 large 90 Most 84 fine 81 early 75 simple 46 low 43 near 39 small 34 old 31 late 30 slight 29 quick 25 hard 17 bad 16 common 15 strong 15 cheap 14 wide 14 short 13 easy 12 rich 12 long 11 safe 11 heavy 10 eld 9 light 8 young 8 full 7 weak 7 new 6 sure 6 rude 6 pure 6 manif 6 close 5 poor 5 nice 5 mere 5 cold 4 tough 4 narrow 3 wild 3 thin 3 thick 3 soft Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1175 most 104 well 71 least 4 near 1 thinnest 1 smallest 1 richest 1 oldest 1 nahso_{4 1 hard 1 cotton.=--a Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 www.gutenberg.org 4 www.gutenberg.net 4 archive.org 3 www.archive.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://archive.org 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45775/45775-h/45775-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45775/45775-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/44838/44838-h/44838-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/44838/44838-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36815/36815-h/36815-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36815/36815-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/8/0/5/28058/28058-h/28058-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/2/8/0/5/28058/28058-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/0/2/17021/17021-h/17021-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/7/0/2/17021/17021-h.zip 1 http://www.archive.org/details/frictionlubricat00lewi 1 http://www.archive.org/details/advancedtoymakin00mitc 1 http://www.archive.org 1 http://archive.org/details/toy-makinginscho00polkuoft 1 http://archive.org/details/timeitsmeasureme00arth Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 170 _ see _ 11 wood is not 10 method is not 10 rubber is not 6 _ is not 6 material is not 6 pieces are then 6 steels are class 6 work is not 5 _ is also 5 parts are so 5 work is now 4 _ is about 4 material is very 4 piece work prices 4 piece work rates 4 pieces are next 4 rubber is dry 4 rubber is then 4 rubber was not 4 time was not 4 wood is very 3 _ is usually 3 acid is also 3 cotton does not 3 cotton is not 3 end being bent 3 end is bent 3 end is then 3 ends are then 3 machine is very 3 machines are now 3 material is also 3 parts are then 3 process does not 3 process is not 3 process is quite 3 processes are also 3 rubber are often 3 rubber does not 3 rubber is only 3 steel is then 3 steel is very 3 temperature is too 3 time is not 3 wood is soft 3 work has already 3 work is often 3 work is so 3 work is thus Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 _ is not necessary 2 method is not applicable 2 method is not so 2 surface has not as 1 _ contain no acid 1 _ do not _ 1 _ has no effect 1 _ has not really 1 _ is not compatible 1 _ is not divisible 1 _ produce no effect 1 _ was no doubt 1 acid having no action 1 acid produces no effect 1 acid showing no characteristics 1 acids are not very 1 case forms no exception 1 case is not necessarily 1 cotton are not directly 1 cotton is not at 1 day have not much 1 day is not far 1 day is not great 1 days produced no change 1 days was no trivial 1 machines are not alike 1 man had not before 1 man has not yet 1 man was not primarily 1 material is not dry 1 material is not glass 1 material is not plentiful 1 material is not readily 1 material is not very 1 materials are not colours 1 men are not only 1 method is not as 1 method is not convenient 1 method is not new 1 method is not uniformly 1 methods is not only 1 part is no less 1 parts are not mere 1 pieces are not exactly 1 point are not injurious 1 point is not directly 1 points are not readily 1 process is not open 1 process is not so 1 processes is not so A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = 17021 author = Anonymous title = Watch and Clock Escapements A Complete Study in Theory and Practice of the Lever, Cylinder and Chronometer Escapements, Together with a Brief Account of the Origin and Evolution of the Escapement in Horology date = keywords = Fig; arc; degree; illustration; line; pallet; tooth summary = pallet at the point _f_; and the escape wheel turning in the direction the ratchet-tooth lever escapement: We draw the face of the teeth at an Fig. 9, two teeth of a ratchet-tooth escape wheel reduced one-half; This arc of one and one-half degrees of escape-wheel movement is a ratchet-tooth pallets so as to utilize but ten degrees of escape-wheel the arc of the escape wheel which is utilized by the pallet action. ratchet-tooth lever escapement with circular pallets and ten degrees of locking face of the entrance pallet as shown at Fig. 84, then the draw escape-wheel teeth and cylinder that each half of the tooth space shall indicated by the radial line _e x_ the point of the escape-wheel tooth of the tooth, and the arc passing through the point of the escape-wheel of an escape-wheel tooth we draw the line _C d_, from the point of the id = 38953 author = Arnoux, Léon title = British Manufacturing Industries: Pottery, Glass and Silicates, Furniture and Woodwork. date = keywords = England; Europe; Messrs.; Minton; Mr.; Paris; Staffordshire; colour; english; french; glass; great; material; silicate; surface; time; wood; work summary = large plate glass factories in different parts of the country, and glass, oxide of lead takes the place of lime. glass-works, but from its injurious action on the fire-clay pots, form of red lead, in this sort of glass, takes the place of lime. colours glass purple; but if large quantities be used, it makes it in the preparation of glass to be coloured by oxide of gold; the form substance is mixed with the glass to be coloured, and heated in a state of oxidation sufficient to impart colour to the glass. used as coating materials for white glass, but other colours are never _Glass painting_ first became general in this country at the time different stained glass works, nor is it material, provided that the _Soluble Silicates._--An article on glass in a modern scientific work silicates, can be used as staining materials for colouring glass. id = 44838 author = Arthur, James title = Time and Its Measurement date = keywords = clock; day; fig; hour; illustration; japanese; time; watch summary = Japanese Clock with Vertical Dial Having Curved Lines, Weight the clock half an hour forward." In those days work commenced at six best practical way in this day is to use a watch set to local time [Illustration: Fig. 14--Japanese Striking Clock with Weight and Short [Illustration: Fig. 16--Japanese Clock with Vertical Dial, Weight and [Illustration: Fig. 18--Japanese Clock with Vertical Dial Having [Illustration: Fig. 22--Dial of Japanese Astronomical Clock] given day, or night, this dial has a _last long hour_ in each case, point of time marked by the striking of the clock. our 24-hour clock time. One mean time clock day of 24 hours, which has been explained hours clock time; and since motion is relative, it is permissible to local day it would be 12 o''clock breakfast time in New York; but in [Illustration: Fig. 46--Universal Time Dial Set for Four Places] id = 44501 author = Baxter, Leon H. title = Toy Craft date = keywords = DOLL; Plate; end; hole; illustration; piece summary = Bore holes with a No. 3 bit in the rounded ends of the long legs, 5/8" screw holes bored 2-3/8" from the ends and 3/8" from the edges, as hole is bored and a piece is sawed out, as shown in the drawing, to The ends of the cross pieces are cut at a bevel, as shown, and notches Holes are bored in the two upper cross pieces, 3/4" from their ends. small hole is bored in the center of the upper end to start the screw A piece of 3/4" dowel is cut off 7/8" long and a similar hole is bored Place a center line, longways of the piece, as shown in the end view. Holes are bored in the bottom piece for screws, 2-7/8" from the ends and Glue and screw these two pieces in place in the center of the front end id = 41192 author = Bennett, Hugh Garner title = Animal Proteins date = keywords = Glue; III; Leather; Manufacture; acid; chrome; gelatine; good; hide; liquor; material; process; reference; section; skin; tannage; water summary = popular method for liming hides for sole leather. very materially in obtaining a quick and complete tannage, good weight, alkaline solution, so that to place the fully limed hide in a tan liquor leather is known as "tannage," the process is termed "tanning," and durable leather of good typical tan colour. tanning materials described above, modern leather manufacturers employ emulsoid gel (pelt) is immersed in a complex emulsoid sol (tan liquor), lingered the old methods of liming, bating and tanning in weak liquors The large skins are tanned for light upper leathers and Chrome leathers are made by tanning pelts with the salts of chromium, agents for chrome leather would be the alkali salts of organic acids Waterproof chrome upper leathers are manufactured usually from hides In the case of hide or =skin gelatine=, the raw material is a leathers form the greater bulk of raw material for skin gelatine which id = 45883 author = Benson, James W., active 1857-1887 title = Time and Time-Tellers date = keywords = ----------------------------------------------------------------------+; Company; London; clock; day; dial; great; hand; hour; illustration; time; watch; wheel; work; year summary = In Queen Elizabeth''s time the clock was changed for a dial 1. Toothed wheel-work was known in ancient times, and particularly to | [Illustration: Ancient Silver Dial and Gold-cased Watch. At this time of day, when watches strikes the hours even in the pocket; the _Clock-Watch Repeater_, The MERIDIAN WATCH shows the time of day in any number of places in REGULATOR CLOCKS are, as we have said, the most perfect time-pieces In order to set the Clock to the hour of the day, the minute-hand If, at any future time, the Clock should require regulating, the small which winding the clock could be made to keep time with great the dial to time, are two springs or keys to keep in place a wheel |Seconds which stand against that day, and make your Clock or Watch so| |the Dial marks just an hour, as 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 3, or 4 o''clock. id = 52227 author = Blanco, A. E. title = Piece Goods Manual Fabrics described; textile, knit goods, weaving terms, etc., explained; with notes on the classification of samples. date = keywords = Cloth; Cotton; Dyed; Flannel; Grey; Muslin; Printed; Silk; Velvet; White; Woollen; Yarn; fabric; weave summary = cotton warp yarns were dyed prior to weaving and the piece of fabric fabric of light weight and low-count yarns, woven with a plain weave, =Denim.=--A stout cotton warp-faced twill cloth, generally woven =Dyed Drills.=--A heavy twill-woven all-cotton fabric, the weave of =Dyed Lawns= are plain-woven light-weight cotton fabrics of soft plain weave--a yarn-dyed cotton cloth in stripes or checks. When woven as a warp-faced twill fabric from strong yarns, the cloth =Grey T-Cloths.=--All-cotton plain-woven unbleached fabric of low =Italian Cloth, Figured, Cotton Warp and Wool Weft.=--This fabric, When woven with cotton warp and wool weft, Italian Cloth =Marquisette.=--A sheer plain-weave fabric of silk or cotton, having =Papoon.=--An all-cotton fabric woven from coloured yarns, the warp all-cotton fabric woven with a plain weave, having the warp and Cloth, is a plain-woven cotton warp and woollen weft fabric, woven in =Waste Cloths.=--Cotton fabrics woven from waste yarns, generally id = 9954 author = Bore, Henry title = The Story of the Invention of Steel Pens With a Description of the Manufacturing Process by Which They Are Produced date = keywords = Birmingham; Gillott; London; Mitchell; Mr.; Perry; Sheffield; Street; pen; steel summary = the use of steel pens, but although the manufacture of this article by point divided in two, just like _our steel pens."_--_London Notes and Vary writes that James Perry began making steel pens in Birmingham steel pen maker, which has just appeared in the newspapers, 1825, Levesley saw a steel pen, made by Perry, of London, in Ridge''s manufacturers of steel pens, wholesale and by machinery, about fortyfive years ago. "The first making of steel pens that I know of was about the year the steel pen had been manufactured by tools and machinery, that useful machinery for the manufacture of steel pens to Mitchell, it would the manufacture of steel pens. Although he, in the year 1857, began manufacturing steel pens in in the manufacture of steel pens, and Mr. Perry took out several most manufacture of steel pens, in slitting them by presses of ingenious id = 39780 author = Brigham, William Tufts title = Baltimore Hats, Past and Present date = keywords = Baltimore; Brigham; Co.; Cole; Hopkins; Mackinaw; Messrs.; Mr.; Rogers; South; business; hat; illustration; street summary = carrying on the hat business at 24 South Calvert street, where With the growing trade of the city, the business of hat-making kept thus securing to him at that time the most extensive business in hat of fifteen years was the _only_ article of straw hat retailed by him. of the present large and increasing straw goods business of the city In the earliest days of straw hat making in Baltimore, at the time Baltimore continued to enlarge and increase her straw hat factories The growth of the straw hat business of Baltimore may be looked upon erecting, in the year 1814, a large hat factory in this city, seemed Baltimore, felt hats only were manufactured, which business was the firm of Brigham & Hopkins, became straw hat manufacturers. Following the onward movement of the straw hat business in Baltimore While at the present time the hat business of Baltimore is largely id = 27137 author = Cooper, Grace Rogers title = The Scholfield Wool-Carding Machines date = keywords = Arthur; John; Scholfield; card summary = THE SCHOLFIELD WOOL-CARDING MACHINES THE SCHOLFIELD WOOL-CARDING MACHINES MACHINE suggested that the fibers be carded by a cylinder action, but be continuous sliver produced by the Arkwright cotton-carding machine,[5] 24-inch, single-cylinder, wool-carding machine. in 1794, the first Scholfield wool-carding machine in America. DEARBORN, MICHIGAN, IS THIS ORIGINAL SCHOLFIELD WOOL-CARDING MACHINE of probably not a carding machine manufactured by the Scholfields. more probable that the first Scholfield carding machine remained in the [Illustration: Figure 10.--AN ORIGINAL SCHOLFIELD WOOL-CARDING MACHINE [Illustration: Figure 10.--AN ORIGINAL SCHOLFIELD WOOL-CARDING MACHINE If the first Scholfield carding machine remained a part of the property, Arthur, soon after arriving in Pittsfield, constructed a carding machine There is no record that Arthur Scholfield manufactured carding machines Only three wool-carding machines attributed to the hands of the Frost estate was settled, the old Scholfield wool-carding machine was wool carding, in the form of machines, throughout the New England woolen id = 33287 author = Curling, H. Onslow title = Hints on the Use and Handling of Firearms Generally, and the Revolver in Particular date = keywords = man; practice; revolver; weapon summary = HINTS ON THE USE AND HANDLING OF FIREARMS GENERALLY, AND THE REVOLVER IN the fact that these men use a small, light weapon, easily carried and The breech-loading rifled arm of the present day may be looked upon as a The barrel of the Breech-loading Rifle is by its own action of firing breech-loading fowling-piece of the present day, particularly as the charge or care thereof, of keeping or leaving such weapons loaded, breech-loader there is no excuse for any man carrying a loaded weapon The left hand should never be placed upon the gun till the bird has A man when in the field or at practice should keep his eyes about him; When about to commence practice with the rifle or revolver the firing should on no account be placed within the trigger-guard till the weapon When a bullet once leaves the muzzle of a rifle, pistol, or revolver, by id = 17855 author = Dewey, Lyster H. (Lyster Hoxie) title = Hemp Hurds as Paper-Making Material date = keywords = cent; hurd; paper; stock summary = HEMP HURDS AS PAPER-MAKING MATERIAL. In preparing the report on the manufacture of paper from hemp hurds it The yield of hemp fiber varies from 400 to 2,500 pounds per acre, Hurds are available only from machine-broken hemp, for the cost of The hurds may be baled in hemp-fiber presses, with partial burlap covers THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM HEMP HURDS. THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM HEMP HURDS. conducted to determine the paper-making value of hemp hurds, a crop Since hemp hurds are to be treated in this report as a raw material for will be shown, the hurd pulp acts far more like soda poplar stock than cooks, however, which furnished the pulp for the paper tests are descriptions of those paper tests in which the stocks from the cooks sulphite and 84.3 per cent bleached hemp-hurd stock. Chemistry on papers manufactured from hemp hurds._ preliminary tests it would be concluded, therefore, that hemp-hurd stock id = 32414 author = Fulton, A. W. (Albert Watson) title = Home Pork Making date = keywords = CHAPTER; Chicago; FIG; PORK; add; american; boil; cut; good; ham; hog; illustration; meat; salt; water summary = profitably convert some of their hogs into cured meats, lard, hams, bacon, to a fine mass and then add five pounds raw fat pork previously cut into the meat is cut into pieces, seasoned well with sage, salt, and pepper, the choice pieces of fat meat cut off in trimming the pork should be tried Good to prime hogs, when cut up into pork, hams, shoulders and lard, will peeled, a small onion cut fine, and salt if necessary; boil half an hour, Take bits of cold boiled ham, cut into fine pieces, put in a frying pan Cut 4 slices of salt pork in dice, place in kettle and fry, add 6 Chop remnants of cold boiled ham or salt pork, add crushed crackers and meat, add it to the water they were boiled in, salt to taste. fat salt pork, chopped very fine, pour a pint of boiling water. id = 47816 author = Gee, George E. (George Edward) title = The Silversmith''s Handbook Containing full instructions for the alloying and working of silver date = keywords = CHAPTER; Silver; Tin; alloy; copper; fig; illustration; metal; process; solder; work summary = The different modes of alloying and melting silver; its solders; the in the manufacture of silver lace and fine filigree work; the latter Fine silver, with a small proportion of alloy, is largely used by all process wrought-iron crucibles are employed having the form and shape silver-lead alloy is added, to keep the level of the metal always at copper, zinc, tin, &c., it forms very useful alloys, producing great The silver or other metal to be operated upon by soldering Easy silver solder for filigree work, cost 3_s._ 9_d._ per oz. The processes of melting and properly mixing silver with its alloys When copper and silver only form the alloys of the silversmith, they Sometimes in silver-working the form of the object to be manufactured in the trade for the purpose of whitening silver work of the best Silver work may be oxidized by any of the following processes:-- id = 38973 author = Goldenberg, Samuel L. title = Lace, Its Origin and History date = keywords = Brussels; France; Point; Valenciennes; illustration; lace; pattern; real; thread summary = Needle-point lace is worked upon loose ALENÃ�ON.--A fine, needle-point lace, so called from Alençon, a French city, made in imitation of Rose point; (b) A black silk lace, popular because needle-lace pattern, instead of having a true net ground, was appliquéd on triangular meshes; (b) A lace with a point ground, with the pattern ENGLISH POINT.--(a) A fine pillow lace made in the eighteenth century, applied to large, flowing pattern laces, worked with coarse net grounds, it with which old needle-point and pillow lace is made. There is also a needle-point lace made of rather coarse thread, and used needle-point and bobbin-made, or pillow lace, is also illustrated by the those made on the pillow to distinguish them from needle-point laces, and denoting lace, whether pillow or needle-point; that is, worked in sprays POINT DE MILAN.--A guipure lace with a small mesh ground, and the pattern id = 7981 author = Grasser, Georg title = Synthetic Tannins, Their Synthesis, Industrial Production and Application date = keywords = Ber; Greek; Neradol; acid; footnote; product; solution; tannin summary = acid solution as 1113-1322, Krafft [Footnote: _Ber._, 1899, 32, 1613.] acetic acid solution, yields purpurotannin (see below) [Footnote: sulphuric acid solution, Perkin and Nierenstein [Footnote: _Ibid._, violet-coloured sulphonic acid, soluble in water, is obtained, which, The partly neutralised substance in aqueous solution tans pelt gradually added, a dark coloured water-soluble condensation product is giving no precipitate with gelatine; on adding acetic acid the solution Anthracene heated with excess sulphuric acid yields the water-soluble sulphuric acid and formaldehyde, a condensation product is obtained condensation products of phenolsulphonic acids are used as tanning condensation products of phenolsulphonic acids are used as tanning phenolsulphonic acid and a dilute solution of formaldehyde, the pelt is possible with acetic acid, yields light brown coloured solutions, the non-tannins, derived from salts of sulphonic and sulphuric acids, again solution, when, if Neradol D be present, the salt of the colour acid phenolsulphonic acid, a water-soluble product results, exhibiting id = 20317 author = Hall, Eugene Edward title = A Treatise on Staff Making and Pivoting Containing Complete Directions for Making and Fitting New Staffs from the Raw Material date = keywords = Fig; illustration; pivot; staff summary = staff, from the steel to the jewels, and their relation to the pivots, points, not only as regards staffs, but pivots also, whether applied to a Select a piece of Stubb''s steel wire, say No. 46, or a little larger than the largest part of the finished staff is to too hard to work well under the graver nor too soft for the pivots. of a staff while in a split chuck, cut it off and turned and finished the apply the gauge to the new staff, as shown in Fig. 10, and the taper end finish all the lower portion of the staff while the work was held in the shown the correct manner of applying the graver when turning a pivot. When the staff is finished from the lower pivot to the seat of the undertake to do this work, there are but few who can pivot a staff in id = 17730 author = Holmes, William Henry title = A Study of the Textile Art in Its Relation to the Development of Form and Ornament Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1884-''85, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1888, (pages 189-252) date = keywords = FIG; Indians; art; form; illustration; textile; work summary = features observed upon the surface, the colors and patterns (Fig. 286), pertain to design rather than to form and will receive attention The natural colors of textile materials are enormously varied and form Having made a brief study of form and color in the textile art, I Fig. 292 illustrates the surface produced by crowding the horizontal series surface effect given by closely woven work is illustrated in Fig. 294, that American art has produced few examples of tasseled work more EXTENSION OF TEXTILE ORNAMENT TO OTHER FORMS OF ART. EXTENSION OF TEXTILE ORNAMENT TO OTHER FORMS OF ART. textile art to the parentage of geometric ornament and that the Form in textile art and its relation to ornament, with illustrations Geometric design, relations of, to textile ornament 202-244 Textile art in its relation to the development of form and ornament, Textile art in its relation to the development of form and ornament, id = 38301 author = Howard & Bullough American Machine Company title = Illustrated Catalogue of Cotton Machinery date = keywords = Calender; Driving; Gear; Intermediate; Pulley; Roll; illustration; tooth summary = CLUTCH GEARS--The Calender Rolls are stopped and started by large E2 Bottom Cross Shaft Gear, driving Calender Rolls and I1 Compound Intermediate Gear, driving Bottom Feed Roll, 37 T. J2 Cage Section Top Stripping Roll Driving Gear, 9 T.; 8 T. K Cage Section Top Stripping Roll Intermediate Gear, 52 T. V1 Calender Section Top Stripping Roll Intermediate Gear, 17 T. V1 Calender Section Top Stripping Roll Intermediate Gear, 17 T. F1 Front Lap Calender Roll Driving Gear, 12 T. F1 Front Lap Calender Roll Driving Gear, 12 T. F1 Front Lap Calender Roll Driving Gear, 12 T. F2 Calender Cross Shaft Gear, driving Calender Rolls, 14 T. W Back Lap Calender Roll Intermediate Gear, 22 T. W Back Lap Calender Roll Intermediate Gear, 22 T. S 2nd Lap Roll Intermediate Gear, 40 Teeth. S 2nd Lap Roll Intermediate Gear, 40 Teeth. STOP MOTION No. 3--The cotton sliver prevents the calender rolls L and id = 12694 author = Jerome, Chauncey title = History of the American Clock Business for the Past Sixty Years, and Life of Chauncey Jerome Barnum''s Connection with the Yankee Clock Business date = keywords = Barnum; Bristol; Company; Haven; Jerome; Mr.; New; Terry; York; clock summary = A history of the great business of Clock making has never been written. large sum of money; first cases by machinery in Bristol; make clocks in I carry on the business alone; good times; profits in 1841; wood clock CHAPTER IX.--MEN NOW IN THE BUSINESS.--The New Haven Clock Co.: Hon. Jas. work at making the dials for the old fashioned long clock. Mr. Terry was at that time making more clocks than any other man My guardian, a good old man, told me that there was so many clocks then built the year before,) for making his new Patent Shelf Clock. 1816, to this time (1825.) As I said before, I went to work for Mr. Terry, making the Patent Shelf Clock in the winter of 1816. Terry was the great man in the wood clock business. year or two, making a great many clocks, and selling about one hundred id = 20282 author = Juthe, K. A. (Kristian A.) title = The Working of Steel Annealing, Heat Treating and Hardening of Carbon and Alloy Steel date = keywords = FIG; Liberty; carbon; cent; furnace; heat; illustration; steel; temperature; tool summary = heat-treated nickel alloy steels are about two to three times stronger Low-carbon pearlitic-manganese steel, heat-treated, will give dynamic A peculiar property of tungsten steels is that if a heating temperature of heat-treated carbon and alloy steels used for automobiles and The steel should be heated slowly and forged at a temperature above steel were heated to a temperature of from 1,575 to 1,625°F. commonly performed, "forging" usually means working _heated_ steel. As the steel is heated above the critical temperature the size of CARBON TOOL STEEL.--Heat to a bright red, about 1,500 to 1,550°F. OIL-HARDENING STEEL.--Heat slowly and uniformly to 1,450°F. Nickel steels may be annealed at lower temperatures than carbon Machined or forged steel parts are packed with case-hardening material The carbon-steel gears are heated in a produced by heating the steel to a very high temperature, near the should be done at carbon-steel heat. id = 38340 author = Kleinlein, Walter J. (Walter John) title = Rules and Practice for Adjusting Watches date = keywords = Fig; chapter; position; watch summary = If a watch rates slow in heat compared to cold it is necessary to Wind and set the watch to correct time, place it in the heat box and watch requires a correction of + or the number of seconds indicated, alteration may be required before a close position rate can be _How to Find the Correct Collet Pinning Point for Any Watch._ _How to Find the Correct Collet Pinning Point for Any Watch._ close and the watch is in good condition with the balance in poise, it spread the pins slightly, re-time the watch and rate it in the same _Percentage of Watches Requiring Correction of Position Rates._ After timing the watch closely it was tested in three positions and pins caused a gaining rate of two seconds per hour in the mean time. correct and the next position test showed a variation of four seconds id = 35001 author = Lewis, W. T. (William T.) title = Friction, Lubrication and the Lubricants in Horology date = keywords = Co.; Fig; oil summary = the oil touches both surfaces, it will be seen to work its way to the 7. Place a drop of oil on a taper piece of metal, as shown at B (Fig. 10). is more metal, showing that _oil on surfaces has a tendency to flow 8. When a drop of oil is placed between two watch glasses arranged with The film of oil which must be interposed between the bearing surfaces of 1. "When the oil has dried up, the friction of a steel pivot in brass is A small portion of oil should be applied to the bearings of the minute such require lubrication, if a small quantity of oil be applied to each surfaces of the pivot and bearing, the oil acting as the electrolyte. 6. Mineral oils produce very little fluid friction. author means _each_ bearing in a watch is to have a separate oil id = 33424 author = Lincoln, Francis L. title = Instruction book on ring spinning date = keywords = yarn summary = 6. How Top Rolls should be kept in order to make good yarn weight How to run colored Roving double on spinning frames. The gear required to run another number on the same hank The hank roving required to run another number of yarn with 9. Too much twist in roving makes bad yarn, and spoils the top rolls The way to run double work on spinning frames. spinners letting two roving run through the guide; third, by one end Waste work requires more twist than good cotton. How to avoid making roving waste in spinning room. How to avoid making roving waste in spinning room. all run through the rolls into yarn. roving both have to be changed, multiply the number of the yarn being To get the twist pulley for another number of yarn. To get the twist pulley for another number of yarn. id = 7969 author = Manly, Harold P. (Harold Phillips) title = Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting Electric, Forge and Thermit Welding together with related methods and materials used in metal working and the oxygen process for removal of carbon date = keywords = figure; gas; heat; illustration; metal; pressure; steel; torch; weld; welding; work summary = OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING PRACTICE:--Preparation of Work--Torch Practice-the two gases, oxygen and acetylene, to produce the flames; rods of metal _Torch Practice._--The actual work of welding and cutting requires out with the gas and reduces the heat of the welding flame. _Preheating._--The practice of heating the metal around the weld case of cast iron and steel the temperature at the point to be welded piece of metal should be heated to open the weld properly. work in contact, they immediately heat to the welding point when added then from the metal being welded to the carbon and the work is thus is, that metals at the melting point will weld and that the electric arc _Heating the Work._--After being scarfed, the two pieces to be welded which the parts weld allows them to cool below the working temperature in the welding heat is reached, it is only necessary to take the work out of id = 36815 author = Mitchell, David M. title = Advanced Toy Making for Schools date = keywords = Fig; PLATE; color; illustration; time; toy; work summary = possibilities contained in toy making, this work is rightfully taking an suggested form of shop organization for production work as treated in coloring of toys, and an equipment in the school shop illustrating the principles of compressed air as applied to productive finishing of toys, Application of Water Colors.#--Toys may be colored by the use of After a coat of water color has been applied to the toy, it may be To preserve and protect the water color on the toy a coat of white in color and for this reason many working with toys will use a good and condition of the surface to be painted, and to what use the toy will In turning the wheel the first step is the scraping cut as shown in Fig. 24. The first step in face plate turning is the scraping cut, Fig. 24. Wheel-barrow, toy, Plate 15, 78 id = 35510 author = Morgan, Sidney title = The Preparation of Plantation Rubber date = keywords = Bulletin; Growers; acid; building; case; chapter; crepe; drying; estate; illustration; latex; rate; roll; rubber; sheet; smoke; surface; tree; type; view summary = Tree-scrap--Bark-shavings--Earth-scrap--Fibrous matter in lowgrade rubbers--Scrap-washers--Compound crepes--Increased care crepe--Differences in weight--Aids to normal drying--Smokecuring of sheet rubber--Instruments for recording temperature smoking--Sun-drying of sheet rubber--Artificial driers for But in coagulating latex intended for preparing crepe, where the rubber some estates obtain different shades of rubber in their fine pale crepes. ROLLING AND MARKING OF SHEET RUBBER.--Working with standard latex it is estates now prepare sheet rubber of any other type, with the exception of output of sheet-rubber from our estates is always in smoked form. considerable importance in the rate of drying of crepe rubber is the type ADEQUACY OF MACHINES.--In general, the factories which prepare sheet rubber that the work of rolling sheet rubber by power machines is small, and that The case of factories which have to prepare all first-grade rubber in crepe prepared, sheet rubber can be smoke-cured in about five or six days, and it id = 46376 author = Mumford, John Kimberly title = Outspinning the Spider: The Story of Wire and Wire Rope date = keywords = Bridge; Brooklyn; Company; John; New; Roebling; York; illustration; rope; sidenote; wire; work summary = [Sidenote: THE AGE-LONG USE OF WIRE] [Sidenote: WIRE ROPE PROVES ITS PULLING POWER] forthwith to build the foremost wire rope factory in the world. right kind of wire rope to prove them, so like a wise man he made it Copper wire is manufactured by the Roebling mills in very large [Sidenote: WIRE ROPE PROBLEMS AND THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT] Only now, the Roebling engineers will tell you, is wire rope being The Roebling people say that wire rope is their "baby." They give it [Sidenote: WIRE ROPE AND ITS WORK] [Sidenote: MORE USES OF WIRE ROPE] [Sidenote: THE GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHMENTS THAT CALLED FOR WIRE AND ROPE] the Roebling records as calling for war supply of wire rope. [Sidenote: AND MORE THAN WIRE ROPE WAS ASKED FOR] [Sidenote: BUILT TO MAKE WIRE AND ROPE] The town of Roebling was built to help along the making of wire and the id = 37239 author = Orpen, Adela E. (Adela Elizabeth Richards) title = Stories About Famous Precious Stones date = keywords = Blue; Charles; England; Europe; France; Henry; King; Koh; Louis; Mogul; Mr.; Orloff; Prince; Queen; Regent; Saint; Sanci; Shah; Tavernier; diamond summary = financier Law did not let the great diamond pass through his hands He in his turn held in his hand Orloff''s great diamond as the having seen this diamond the present writer cannot speak of its apparent large diamond just about this time, but the Pelegrina pearl was given to They are two crown jewels of extreme beauty--they call the diamond great diamonds, coupled with the fact that no two stones are of exactly "famous diamond" and our Koh-i nûr are one and the same stone, of a King of France, all those who had a hand in it." The Blue Diamond The diamond known as the Sanci and once an ornament of the crown of The diamond called the "Stone of the letter H" belonged to Mary, Queen During this time and for many years afterwards, the diamond about which with his crown, no doubt containing the great diamond, upon his head, id = 44022 author = Pitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane-Fox title = On the Development and Distribution of Primitive Locks and Keys date = keywords = Fig; India; Museum; Plate; bolt; key; lock; longitudinal; roman summary = of Roman bronze and iron keys and bolts found in various parts of key, and also to admit of similarly formed tumblers, shown in fig. Fig. 25B, Plate III., is a specimen of a class of keys Fig. 18C, Plate IV., is a bronze key from Gotland, and is taken from Mr. MONTELIUS''S ''Antiquités Suédoises,''[26] where it is described as being The Roman iron padlock and key represented in figs. also resembles the Roman lock in its construction, except that the key Museum: the bolt with its springs is attached to plates forming an Fig. 122, Plate X., is a Roman key of this kind in Fig. 126, Plate X., is a modern English latch-key of similar form, iron keys of the kind adapted both to the tumbler lock and the spring padlock found here was of the form of the Roman key, (fig. Key for tumbler lock with ward plate, Roman (''La id = 45775 author = Polkinghorne, M. I. R. (Mabel Irene Rutherford) title = Toy-Making in School and Home date = keywords = FIG; chapter; illustration; inch summary = match-box is gummed to a piece of stiff paper or cardboard pointed at The children could cut and gum to one box a piece of cardboard A Next cut a piece of cardboard the width of the match-box and long enough shorter sides cut off, gummed to a square piece of cardboard (4-inch Two pieces of narrow cardboard are cut the length of the box; holes are piece of cardboard is cut round (diameter, 10 inches), and has a reel A (Fig. 238) is a piece of wood or cardboard, about 2 feet by 8 inches, Cut two pieces of cardboard, 4-1/2 inches by 1-1/2 inches, as in Fig. 299. Cut two pieces of cardboard, 4-1/2 inches by 1-1/2 inches, as in Fig. 299. Then cut out pieces of cardboard as in Fig. 352, and gum Cut a piece of cardboard, R in Fig. 348, about 2-1/3 inches high, and id = 54090 author = Routledge, Thomas title = Bamboo, Considered as a Paper-making Material With remarks upon its cultivation and treatment. Supplemented by a consideration of the present position of the paper trade in relation to the supply of raw material. date = keywords = BAMBOO; Material; Paper; Raw; Stock summary = plants is very considerable, and the produce or yield of fibre, to the 6 tons per acre of "_Paper-Stock_," an enormous product as compared therefrom fibrous "_Paper-Stock_," consists in operating upon the stems fibrous materials, as also rags, for Paper-making. extractive matters combined with the fibre or fibrous material have material, for the manufacture therefrom of _Fibrous_ "_Paper-Stock_," manufacture "_Paper-Stock_" from "Bamboo" on an economical and paper from any raw fibre, or fibrous substance that may be submitted to The value of "ESPARTO" as a Paper-making material having been paper is produced in the countries where these plants are cultivated; FIBRE-PRODUCING PLANTS--SOURCES OF SUPPLY. England possesses an inexhaustible supply of fibre-producing plants; in Paper-manufacturer, for an extended supply of _Material_, must look Fortunately for the Paper-trade, and its supply of materials in the "_Paper-Stock_"), as it is with this _Material_ these _Fibres_ would Paper-maker, as, however good his "_Material_" may be, in its _Raw_ id = 46449 author = Sindall, R. W. (Robert Walter) title = The Manufacture of Paper With Illustrations, and a Bibliography of Works Relating to Cellulose and Paper-Making date = keywords = 8^o; Arts; Berlin; Class; Coal; Fibres; London; Manufacture; Paper; Paris; Power; colour; dye summary = The dyeing and colouring of paper pulp by means of taken advantage of in the dyeing of paper pulp to secure a complete In the colouring of paper pulp, attention is given to many important paper-making fibres for dyes is apt to produce an uneven colour in the water is well known, and the contact of a damp sheet of paper coloured paper pulp with definite proportions of a certain dye, or a mixture not always a reliable process, especially with papers coloured by dyes With papers dyed by means of coal tar colours the nature of the spirit turns yellow, and the colour of the paper changes, we have wood of common experience that many of the books printed on wood pulp paper printing papers made of chemical wood pulp. Mechanical wood pulp must not be used in the manufacture of any papers, Colouring of paper pulp, 199 id = 17740 author = Smith, Watson title = The Chemistry of Hat Manufacturing Lectures Delivered Before the Hat Manufacturers'' Association date = keywords = Alizarin; Edition; German; Illustrations; Magenta; acid; colour; dye; fibre; free; net; post; solution; water; wool summary = small quantity, about 0·01 gram, of the well-washed cotton fibre, 1 c.c. of water is added, then two to three drops of a 15 to 20 per cent. his work on the wool fibre, says with regard to boiling with water. _Action of Acids on Wool, etc._--Dilute solutions of vitriol (sulphuric acids, but it gives a yellow colour to the fibre. purple colour, and form the products called "cudbear." This dye works used in dyeing, and is a violet-blue colouring matter when neither acid To dye cotton with it, a solution is made of the colour in a boiling In the dyeing of wool and felt with coal-tar colours, it is in many salts (sulphate of soda), in the solution of which coal-tar colours are The colouring matters and dyes, their solutions, and the substances dyed cylinder glass full of picric acid in water, and of a yellow colour. id = 6464 author = Taylor, Frederick Winslow title = Shop Management date = keywords = Bethlehem; Halsey; Mr.; Steel; day; man; system; time; work; workman summary = both employers and men under ordinary day work, the task system, piece times and secure sufficient work to keep his men busy even in dull A careful time study of men working under these conditions will disclose their classes of employees to earn per day, whether their men work by reasonable time enough strictly first-class men, the piece work rates time for men who have worked at the ordinary slow rate of speed to men how to set the work in record time. work under two bosses at the same time, that all of the managers who are shop; and in many cases it is desirable to have the men working under men should be timed when working at their best. When work men once understand that the time study is out the time in which a piece of work should be done by a good man, id = 47090 author = Thomson, John, hatter title = A Treatise on Hat-Making and Felting Including a Full Exposition of the Singular Properties of Fur, Wool, and Hair date = keywords = States; body; cloth; fur; hair; hat; water; wool summary = Hair, wool, fur, and animal down are simply slender filaments or Hair, wool, fur, &c., form quite an extraneous appendage to the skin, depends the whole art of hatting and of felt making, whether in sheets of animal hair, wool, fur, &c., are thin pointed lamina, quite similar in the regular hand process of loose wool or fur felting. a firm piece of cloth (for such is the body of a hat) is manufactured fibres of the beaver fur penetrate the body of the hat, and having once The fur body of a silk hat, called a shell previous to coming into In finishing, whether the hat body be of fur or gossamer, the first Forming Machine for Fur Hat Bodies.] got the fur for one hat-body, the workman wraps over it a wet cloth and Forming Machine for Wool Hat Bodies.] Another method of making these cloth hats is to dispense with the fur id = 4759 author = United States Rubber Company title = The Romance of Rubber date = keywords = Brazil; U.S.; Wickham; rubber; tree summary = This juice is not the sap of the rubber tree. Wickham, who might be called the father of plantation rubber. "If rubber trees grow from the seeds which nature scatters in the "If rubber trees could be raised from seed, they could be planted Wickham, for it was that long before the first rubber tree idea about planting rubber trees in India at about the same time On this plantation the science of growing rubber trees has been of growing fine trees that will produce high grade rubber. the yield of a tree is only about one-half pound of rubber a year, How different is life on the rubber plantations of to-day from the America gave us the original rubber trees, and the one man who, Name and describe the best rubber tree. What climate is needed for rubber trees? Who first thought of growing rubber trees on plantations? Where are rubber plantations found to-day? id = 28058 author = Wade, Frank Bertram title = A Text-Book of Precious Stones for Jewelers and the Gem-Loving Public date = keywords = Ceylon; LESSON; Precious; color; cut; diamond; gem; light; material; pearl; stone; test summary = A TEXT-BOOK OF PRECIOUS STONES FOR JEWELERS AND THE GEM-LOVING PUBLIC While every gem stone refracts light which enters it from the air, _each stones (diamond, garnet, and spinel) bend light as was illustrated in 2. Sapphire, of hardness 9, scratching any gem material except diamond. any valuable cut stone._ Proceed as above until the gem meets a test Now in a cut stone this separation of light of different colors, or upon color causes many in the trade to call all yellow stones "topaz" grass-green color is not equaled by any other precious stone in the rich test shows that the material is a genuine hard stone and not a paste, amethysts, and papers of "fancy color stones" containing native cut gems fine colored stones. Sapphires and many other colored stones are commonly cut in stone and make it appear to be of a fine blue-white color. id = 26598 author = Wagner, J. B. (Joseph Bernard) title = Seasoning of Wood date = keywords = Chemistry; Dry; Engineering; Fig; Kiln; Oak; Pine; Science; Series; States; United; drying; figure; illustration; tree; wood summary = The seasoning and kiln-drying of wood is such an important process in Wood of Coniferous Trees--Bark and Pith--Sapwood and Heartwood--The wood shrinks and checks considerably in drying, works well and stands kiln-drying and air-seasoning are largely in use. Kiln-drying, which dries the wood at a uniformly rapid rate by wood has reached an air-dry condition it absorbs water in small calories per grain of dry wood in the case of beech, long-leaf pine, water, nor shrinkage of wood can be overcome by drying at temperatures kiln, and still better by drying the wood in the open air or in a shed On removal from the kiln, the dry wood at once takes up moisture from With kiln-dried woods all parts are equally dry, and when exposed, the are then in good condition for kiln-drying, as the fibres of the wood POUNDS OF WATER LOST IN DRYING 100 POUNDS OF GREEN WOOD IN THE KILN id = 41925 author = Warren, George Henry title = The Pioneer Woodsman as He Is Related to Lumbering in the Northwest date = keywords = Indians; Lake; Minnesota; Mr.; Patrick; Rapids; River; States; United; Wisconsin; illustration; land; page summary = selecting government or state lands timbered with pine trees was to the waters of the Wisconsin River, the United States land office for swift waters, and crossing lakes in birch-bark canoes, in wind storms The man having left the land office, I repaired immediately to the Indians, a friend of the United States land officers, made his quiet timber lands to enter, we decided that we would rest on the next day, return trip on Lake Superior waters to the land office at Bayfield. arriving in time to be present at the opening of the land office. While we were crossing the lake, one day, in canoes loaded with supplies One day, several of the party had gone to the supply camp to bring back canoe to another lake, I found several families of Indians camping at safe landing in time to pitch our tent and make our camp for the night. id = 36092 author = Watkins, C. Malcolm title = North Devon Pottery and Its Export to America in the 17th Century date = keywords = Barnstaple; Bideford; Devon; England; Jamestown; John; National; North; Virginia; illustration summary = [Illustration: FIGURE 1.--North Devon sgraffito cup, deep dish, and jug NORTH DEVON POTTERY AND ITS EXPORT TO AMERICA IN THE 17th CENTURY [Illustration: FIGURE 2.--Sketch of sherd of sgraffito-ware dish, dating [Illustration: FIGURE 7.--Gravel-tempered oven from 17th-century house on [Illustration: FIGURE 9.--Gravel-tempered oven made at Crocker pottery, [Illustration: FIGURE 10.--Restored gravel-tempered oven from Jamestown. North Devon wares occur in the majority of sites at Jamestown, but it is In sites dating from before about 1670, no North Devon wares are found, A small amount of North Devon gravel-tempered ware was found in sites Two small sherds of North Devon gravel-tempered ware of the areas excavated, occasional sherds of North Devon gravel-tempered [Illustration: FIGURE 23.--North Devon gravel-tempered pan with typical John Howland house site; and pan-rim sherd from "R. NORTH DEVON GRAVEL-TEMPERED WARE The North Devon potteries produced gravel-tempered ovens that probably [Illustration: FIGURE 34.--Rim profiles of North Devon gravel-tempered id = 28109 author = Wheeler, Candace title = How to make rugs date = keywords = Border; blue; colour; red; rug; warp; weaving; white summary = really good and beautiful results as rag carpet weaving. orange and red, give as many colours as one needs for rug weaving; warp, is separately woven, and afterward added to the plain white rug cotton, a white, red or yellow warp is more apt to be effective than blue, or green rug, upon white warp. way of securing absolutely fast colour in cotton warp is to dye it. conditions for success in rag rug weaving, but these colours must be Dark and light and spotted colour work into a shaded effect which weaving can manufacture a good and valuable wool rug. _Colours blue, red and black._ Border four inches deep of _Colours blue and white._ Border twelve inches deep of dark myself to the use of black, white, blue and red, because these colours _Colours black, white and red._ Border twelve inches of _Colours red and white._ Border, twelve inches of dark and id = 29586 author = Wilkinson, Frederick title = The Story of the Cotton Plant date = keywords = America; Arkwright; Bolton; Carding; Cotton; Crompton; Engine; Fig; India; States; fibre; machine; plant; roller; thread summary = ORIGIN, GROWTH, AND CHIEF CULTIVATED SPECIES OF COTTON PLANT. ORIGIN, GROWTH, AND CHIEF CULTIVATED SPECIES OF COTTON PLANT. seed, and in Fig. 2 stands a number of bobbins or reels of cotton A complete Cotton plant consists of roots, stems, leaves, bolls, seed CULTIVATION OF THE COTTON PLANT IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. CULTIVATION OF THE COTTON PLANT IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. all machines used in cotton spinning, vary so much with different study of cotton spinning to ask--what is the use of the drawing frame? production of a strong yarn by the usual processes of cotton spinning. The drawing machine in cotton spinning aims at removing the weak places processes of cotton spinning, in order to make individual fibres and twisting and winding-on of the attenuated cotton on his spinning frame thread or yarn from the fibrous product of the Cotton plant. =Special Drawing Frame.=--In order to have the fibres of cotton in the id = 14600 author = Wolfensberger, Arnold title = Theory of Silk Weaving A Treatise on the Construction and Application of Weaves, and the Decomposition and Calculation of Broad and Narrow, Plain, Novelty and Jacquard Silk Fabrics date = keywords = draw; fig; illustration; page; warp summary = weaving, especially for fabrics requiring a heavy warp and a large number Fig. 5 illustrates a regular point draw in 2 repeats on 10 shafts. seen that 14 ends make a repeat; in fact, the number of warp-threads hence a 12 harness regular point draw will require 22 warp-threads for a warp-threads cross the even numbers after every pick; hence of two The weaves can be expressed in numbers, for instance: the 3-end twill warp On 6 shafts straight draw, pointed weave 5-1. In all satins the number of ends in a repeat is the same in warp and 10 ends 5 leaf Satin on the 1st section of 5 shafts straight draw. Another instance: In an 8-shaft satin we count 10 warp-threads, which bind warp-threads that are to go in one dent, in the number of ends per inch. cost of the same, total number of ends in the warps for the amount of silk, id = 12443 author = Woodhouse, Thomas title = The Jute Industry: From Seed to Finished Cloth date = keywords = Co.; Fig; JUTE; Messrs.; Sons; advertisement; illustration; machine; roller summary = long pins, and Fig. 2 illustrates the operation in process. [Illustration: Fig. 13 Softening machine with batching apparatus] [Illustration: Fig. 13 Softening machine with batching apparatus] A roving machine at work is shown in Fig. 19, and it will be seen large roller, termed a weaver''s beam, while the weft yarn has to be bobbin winding machines for jute made by Messrs. The spindles of cop machines are gear driven as shown clearly in Fig. 26; the large skew bevel wheels are keyed to the main shaft, while [Illustration: FIG 26 COP WINDING MACHINE _By permission of Messrs. the machine in Fig. 31, and pass in this form on to one of the loom The usual way in machines for dressing jute yarns is to drive the jute yarns, and Fig. 38 illustrates a loom at work on this cloth is pulled through the machine by three rollers shown