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the kitchen garden:
VOL. I. No. 1.
CINCINNATI, OCTOBER 20, 1883.
Price, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO-
CIATION.
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Many questions have been asked, from time to time,
as to how the Kitchen Garden originated in our city,
what first suggested the idea of it, and what steps it would
be necessary to take in order to start a similar school
elsewhere.
In the spring of 1880, several ladies belonging to the
Free Kindergarten Asso-
ciation became interested
in the account of a system
of work which originated
with Miss Huntington, of
New York, called the
"Kitchen Garden" sys-
tem, the object of which
was to teach little girls,
in a practical, interesting
way, the rudiments of
household work by means
of small toys, just as the
little Kindergarten chil-
dren are taught the rudi-
ments of a great many
things by means of toys
or "gifts." The only
point of resemblance be-
tween Kitchen Garden
and Kindergarten is the manner in which the children are
taught; the substance of the teaching is entirely differ-
ent. While the Kindergarten has for its object the
whole training of the child, the education and develop-
ment of all its faculties, the object of the Kitchen Gar-
I den is to train little girls in all branches of household
industry, and to give them as thorough a knowledge as
possible of housekeeping in all its various departments—
knowledge which every girl should possess, whether she
use it simply in her own home or in the homes of
others. A committee was formed in the association to
investigate the subject, and decide whether it might be
practicable to start a school of that kind in Cincinnati.

A number of young ladies becoming interested in the
project, and volunteering to assist in carrying it out, it
was thought best to separate the Kitchen Garden en-
tirely from the Kindergarten.
After a thorough and careful study of Miss Hunting-
ton's method, as embodied in her manual, and the addi-
tion of some things that seemed desirable, the young
ladies finally decided to try the experiment of opening
a school. A children's fair, held at the residence of
Mrs. Jeffras, in Mt. Au-
burn, furnished the nec-
essary funds with which
to make a beginning, and
an order was .sent on to
New York for a complete
outfit of Kitchen Garden
toys and material. The
school was opened Janu-
ary 8th, 1881, atSchmidt's
Hall, corner of Seventh
and Eace streets, with
twenty-three children, six
teachers, and a pianist
present; closing on June
4th, with sixtynme chil-
dren and eight teachers
present. The amount of
money expended during
the first year was §165.33.
The school re-opened November 4th of same year,
and when it closed, on June 3rd, 1882, over a hundred
children had been enrolled during the year. During
the past winter the attendance has varied from sixty-
five to seventy every Saturday. While the course of
study pursued in the Kitchen Garden proper seems best
adapted to the instruction of very young children, by
means of advanced lessons adapted to older oues, it has
been found, during the past year, that very good results
could be obtained from classes of girls from ten to four-
teen j7ears of age.
Until the present time the school has been under no \
organization of any kind; the teaching has been ns vol-


2
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
untary as the subscriptions which have supported
it, and the teachers have all worked in the most
perfect harmony, having but one object: the advance-
ment of the truest interests of the school.
Now that the time has come for enlarging the work a
little, it seems necessary that there shall be a greater
division of labor, and an association has accordingly
been formed of those who have been actively interested
in the work, called the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden As-
sociation.
For the coming year this association hopes to be able
to fit up several rooms with the real articles of furniture,
so that advanced classes may be taught with the actual
things, after having had the rudiments with the small toys.
In this way, by building up from the foundation and
adding the diffèrent branches slowly as funds, teachers,
and children arc ready, it is to be hoped that in course
of time a regular industrial school may be formed in
connection with the Kitchen Garden, having a house
with real laundry, in which lessons may be given;
kitchen in which cooking classes may be held; nursery
in which children may be taught practically to care for
and amuse little ones; (thus adding the important feature
of a "day nursery)," bed-room, sewing room, etc., so
that, in the Kitchen Garden proper, the rudiments of all
the branches may be taught to the younger girls only,
while the older ones devote themselves to real work in
the advanced department.
The school thus far seems to have been emphatically
under the care of Providence. Since the fair, which
provided the funds for the beginning, nothing has
been done to raise money. The school has been entirely
supported by the voluntary contributions of those in-
terested in its workings, and they have abundantly sup-
plied all its needs. The active workers in the school
have the most unbounded faith that so long as the work
is honestly and earnestly done, and the results are what
they should be, it will never hick support.
The school will open the first Saturday in November,
in its new quarters, No. 320 AV. Seventh street. After
that time, visitors will he most cordially received at any
time from half-past nine to half-past twelve Saturday
morning.
A list of the books which have proved useful, and also
of the toys included in a complete outfit, will be found
in another column. Some of the toys have been but
little used in the Cincinnati school, which has not fol-
lowed Miss Huntington's method in every particular, but
the greater part have proved very useful.
We understand that a Kitchen Garden has just been
established in Covington, Ky., and hope, in our next
issue, to have interesting news concerning its progress.
TO THE CHILDREN OF THE KITCHEN GAR-
DEN.
Cincinnati, Ort. 15, 1883.
Mtj dear children :—Have you not been told very often
to be like the busy bee, "improve each shining hour?"
Well, that is very good advice; but how few have
followed it through womanhood! I am sure there is a
friend of yours who might say, if modesty permitted,
that she improves every shining or shadowy hour. She
is the busiest woman I ever knew, and has accomplished
most of her work under very trying circumstances.
When physically disabled for active work, her busy
brain planned for the future; and now you arc all, to a
degree, reaping the benefit of her good work. It was
Miss Huntington, who knew what would make children
happy when she introduced the Kitchen Garden system;
but she did not think that so many busy bees could be
gathered in Cincinnati as she now knows are in the hive
of the Kitchen Garden. Last summer, she expressed
surprise, pleasure, and a great desire to see you all,
when she heard that Santa Claus had treated you so
kindly. She knows that it is the good and industrious
children who are favored by that dear, old fellow. And
as fora Kitchen Garden picnic—she never heard of one
equal to yours of last spring, when not a cloud rested
upon your happy day. "Comparatively speaking," she
thinks that " more has been accomplished in your school
than in New York." She thinks, too, that you must have
excellent teachers, who are deeply interested in your be-
half. You see, she knows that only earnest workers suc-
ceed; and that applies to pupils as well as teachers.
Therefore, work on while you have the privilege of in-
struction, which may, sooner or later, he the means of
rendering you a support for life, lie patient, attentive,
and try to see how much you can do to prove that the
Kitchen Garden instruction is beneficial-in a very de-
sirable and practical manner.
Fku.m an Intkkkstkd Kiüknd.
EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF NEW YORK
KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION FOR
1882.
The Kitchen Garden system was invented by Miss
Emily Huntington, who made the first experiment in
New York City, in 1877.
Classes have since been organized in Brooklyn, Al-
bany, Philadelphia, Boston, and Yonkers. Toys have
been sent aud classes started also in Elmira and Roches-
ter, N. Y., Ht. Albans, Vt., Cincinnati, Ohio,Cedar Rap-
ids, Iowa, and in Germantown and Chestnut Hill, Penn.
In looking forward to the coming year, it is earnestly
hoped that the Kitchen Garden system should greatly


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
spread, and that all will do what they can toward in-
structing young girls to live true, noble lives, making
them realize that even in sweeping and dusting their
room, they can put a cheerful spirit, and can do every
thing about the house in a manner which may carry out
the beautiful precept given us by St. Paul: "Whatso-
ever ye do, do it heartily as unto the Lord, not uuto
men." Grace H. Dodge,
Cor. Sec'y Kiiehen Garden As»'n.
262 Madison Av. , New York City.
10. Boys' Workshop, supported by a private individual.
11. Printing Shop, supported by private individuals.
The following societies are also represented in the
building.
1. Associated Chanties.'
2. Seamen's Friend Society.
3. City Missionary Society.
4. Park street Church.
5. " "Sabbath-School.
EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF "NORTH END
INDUSTRIAL HOME" IN BOSTON.
The great trouble with many public charitable insti-
tutions is, that the buildings are not as thoroughly util-
ized as they might be. The following facts taken from
a report of the " North End Industrial Home," in Bos-
ton, will give some idea of what may be done under one
roof by judicious manage-
ment. The Home was an
outgrowth of the asso-
ciated charity work, and
had its first beginning in
one of the visitors of
Ward 6, becoming inter-
ested in the needs of the
people in that vicinity,
and calling upon the char-
itable public for five hun-
dred dollars, with which
? to open a summer sew-
_ ing room. From that seed
planted, as the report says,
"in inexperience and
f with slight faith in the re-
sults," has sprung up an Industrial Home of eleven de-
partments, with a hopeful prospect of larger growth
in months to come. The following are the different de-
partments, some under the charge of various organiza-
tions already in existence when the Home was opened;
some started through the generosity of private indi-
viduals; and others an outgrowth of the work of the
-Л1отe after it was opened:

1. Day Nursery, j
en, I
supported by Mrs. Quincy Shaw.
^~2. Kindergarter
\ 3. Kitchen Garden, supported by Mrs. Hemenway.
5 LwTf B00m' I suPPorte(1 b-v chance subscriptions.
6. Cooking School, supported by Boston Cooking
School Committee.
7. Industrial Café,'supported by charging reasonable
rates for meals.
8. Library and Reading-Boom, \ supported by King's
9.. Amusement Room, ) Chapel.
Tш: ladies of the Kitchen Garden Association are for-
tunate in being able to secure such pleasant accommo-
dations for their school. For this they are indebted to
Miss Goodman, who has kindly consented to rent them
rooms in the building occupied by her Kindergarten,
No. 320 W. Seventh street.
Miss Goodman has always shown the greatest interest
in the work of the Kitchen Garden, and her unvarying
kindness has contributed
largely to its success.
The little Kindergarten
children of her school
have not forgotten the
poor little girls of the
Kitchen )ïarden, who do
not live in the lovely
homes, and have not all
the nice things they have
to make life beautiful,
but have remembered
them, from time to time,
with gifts which have
been very much appreci-
ated.
Miss Goodman has the
pioneer Kindergarten of the city. When she came
here, in the autumn of 1876, after having received
a thorough course of training froin Madame Kraus-
Boelte, of New York, she found the "Kindergarten"
almost an unheard-of thing in Cincinnati. It is now
fast becoming an unheard-of thing to find a child who
has not received its first training in a Kindergarten.
Added to her thorough know ledge of the system, Miss
Goodman's great adaptibility and entire sympathy with
child nature, make her a natural, as well as trained,
"Kindergartner."
Her school is one of the interesting features of the
city, and a visit to it would well repay any one inter-
ested in that system of education.
None are less eager to learn than they who know
nothing.—Suard.


4
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Mrs. IlEitBERT Jenny. President, I Miss Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Annie Laws, Vice-President, | Mus. N. A. Jekkras, Treasurer.
fSSfSubscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitcuen Garden, P. O. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, O.
CINCINNATI, OCTOBER 20, 1883.
The first number of The Kitchen Garden is before
the reader. We do not deem it necessary, nor do we
believe that it will be expected of ns, to offer an apology
for its existence.
A few years ago some experiments were tried by an
educated and thoughtful lady of New York City, in train-
ing very young girls in the performance of the various
offices of house-keeping, on a plan similar in its general
features to that of the Kindergarten system of instruc-
tion. The results of these experiments were no sooner
made public, than it was perceived that the key-note of
a successful method of domestic education had been
struck. Since that time, in response to this feeling-
scores of "Kitchen Gardens" have sprung into ex-
istence in various cities of this country; and the move-
ment is rapidly and uniformly extending.
We feel that, through the medium of a periodical de-
voted to the interests of this department of education,
much good may. be accomplished by furnishing the
means of an interchange of views and experiences be-
tween the workers in the schools now established, and
by encouraging and urging the establishment of similar
schools where they do not already exist. To achieve this
object in as full a measure as within us lies, is our
earnest desire and avowed intention.
We feel that our mission is a worthy and dignified
one. It has for its object the furtherance of a measure,
which will not only largely tend to secure the better-
ment of the mental, moral, and physical condition of the
multitude of women, whose work lies in the execution
of the domestic duties of their own or of other homes,
but will vastly increase the health, comfort, and happiness
of all within the influence of these homes, and, as such,
is tributary to the solution of the vast educational problem
of " complete living;" to the widening and heightening
of the human stature, in the family, in society, and in
the individual.
Our future will necessarily depend upon the support
we receive from the public generally—which we can not
yet expect to be very great—and from kitchen gardeners
particularly, which we believe will be sufficient. The
price of our yearly subscription is very small, and will
prove no bar to any one who really is interested in us
and wants us. We therefore confidently hope that our
subscription list may very rapidly be swelled to the
number requisite for our successful financial mainte-
nance.
But there is another kind of support, only second in
importance, which we trust will be as promptly forth-
coming; and this is the help of our readers in the mat-
ter of correspondence and communications. Every point
of added wisdom in Kitchen Garden training which
comes from the widely varied experience of our various
readers, should be recorded, that the benefit thereof
may accrue to all. We desire to make our journal a
means of constant communication between the many
workers in this one field and a record of their progress.
We trust we shall not be disappointed in our expecta-
tion of your co-operation.
OUR ILLUSTRATIONS.
The dainty, quaint, little sketches, with which our
pages are this mouth embellished, are from the artistic
pencil of Mr. Bert L. Baldwin, who generously donated
them for the benefit of the Fair. We feel so sure that
this attractive feature will be appreciated by the patrons
of the Fair, that we have prepared an extra large edition,
in anticipation of the rush for papers that will take
place during its continuance.
Mr. Baldwin has our cordial thanks.
It would be impossible to give even an approximately
complete list of the various persons, of whose favors the
ICmiR rgartt4i Association has been the recipient. But it
would be wrong to omit giving a note of thanks which
shall include them all. It has been their kindly aid
and encouragement which has made the work a possi-
bility, and has rendered it a pleasure as well as benefit


6
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
The following is a complete lisi of the books and toys
which have been used during the past two years in the
regular work of the Kitchen Gardeu:
Kitchen Garden Manual, Miss Huntington.
Primers of Domestic Science, Mrs. Willard.
Sewing Primer, Miss Kirkwood.
Six Advanced Lessons, prepared by New York K.
G. Ass'n—
The Laundry, Nursery Maid;
Dining-Room, Kitchen,
Lessons for Chambermaids, House-Cleaning.
Household Economy, published by N. Y. K. G.
Ass'n.
Kindergarten Songs and Games, Mrs. Hubbard.
Occupation No. 1, 50 cents.
Occupation No. 2, $26.00—
Twenty-four Tea-sets,
""Knives and Forks,
"Tables,
"Table-cloths,
"Towels, with -f,
"" " plain,
"Dish-pans,
Ninety-six Napkins and Rings.
Occupation No. 3, $26.00—
Twenty-four Brooms,
Six Bean Bags,
One Dust-pan and Brush,
"Whisk-broom,
"Feather Duster,
"Set of Steps,
Twelve Chairs,
Six Bedsteads,
"Mattresses,
"Bolsters,
Twelve Square Pillows.
Occupation No. 4, §1-1.00—
Twenty-four Tubs,
"Wash-boards,
""Scrubbing-brushes,
""Jumping-ropes,
"Bags Clothes Pins,
Eight Clothes-poles.
Occupation No. 5, $11.50—
Twenty-four Diuuer-sets,
""Portfolios,
Forty eight White Papers,
One Set of Designs,
Forty-eight Papers for Pricking Pads.
Twenty-four Pricking Needles.
Occupation No. 6, §15.00—
Twenty-four Pairs Butter Pats,
"Ruling Pins,
""Baking Pans,
""Cookqy Cutters,
""Biscuit Cutters,
"Pie Plates,
""Knives and Forks,
""Muffin Kings,
One Brick of Clay.
The New York Kitchen Garden Association has
made J. W. Schertnerhorn & Co., 7 East- Fourteenth
St., its agents for the sale of Kitchen Garden materials.
PRACTICAL RECIPES.
TOMATO SOUP.
To a soup-bone, add three quarts of water, and salt
it. Let it simmer for three hours; then put in aheaping
table-spoonful of corn starch dissolved in milk or water,
and let it boil ten or fifteen minutes. Pare, and then
grate into the soup, six large tomatoes; let it come to
a boil; strain, and send to table.
RAKING POWDER BISCUITS.
Mrs. Laws.
Take two quarts sifted flour; butter the size of an
egg; four tea-spoonfuls baking powder; a little salt; rub
all together a long time, until it is as fine as the flour it-
self. Mix with milk, or milk and water, with a spoon;
turn out on board; handle as little as possible; roll
very thin and lightly; bake in quick oven.
PANNED OYSTERS.
Mrs. Stauwood.
Strain the liquor; let it conic to a boil in a chafing-
dish; skim; add butter size of an egg, salt, ami pepper.
Put in the oysters, and as soon as they curl they arc
done.
ALMOND PUDDING.
Stir well together a quarter of a pound of butter and
the yolks of eight eggs with one and a quarter cups of
sugar; take four rolls, grate them, with enough cream
to dampen them, aUd add this to the other; scald, peel,
and grate one-half pound of almonds, and add also;
and, last of all, the whites of eight eggs, beaten to a
stiff froth; butter a dish, and bake.
WINE SAUCE FOR ALMOND PUDDING.
A tea-spoonful of flour, butter the size of a small egg,
and a little milk or cream; stir these in the same dish


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
7
for cooking sauce, with one-half enp sugar, yolks of two zest and benefit of work with children by cheerful and
eggs, almost a quart of hot water, a good cup of white
wine—stirring all the time. When it comes to a boil,
take off the fire and add a little grated nutmeg. Sauce
or six people.
CHOCOLATE CAKE.
Mies Field.
One cup of butter; two cups of sugar; two and a half
cups of flour; one cup of grated sweet chocolate; four
eggs; one and one-half cups milk; one tea-spoonful bak-
ing powder; flavor with vanilla.
beautiful surroundings can only be fully appreciated by
those who have experienced the difference. These gen-
tlemen have conferred a permanent benefit upon the
school and deserve the thanks of all its friends.
FOR REMOVING INK OR RUST SPOTS.
Dissolve a tea-spoonful of bin-oxalate of potassa (salts
of lemon) in a half-tea-cupful of water, and, with a cloth,
well moistened with the solution, rub the spot until it
disappears; wash out immediately in several waters.
Where the ink stain has
been of long standing, al-
low the fabric to remain
in the solution until the
ink disappears.
Mr. J. II. Empson, the well known and popular con-
fectioner, has contributed the entire supply of ice-cream
to be used at the Fair. The refreshment committee de-
sire, through us, to extend their sincere thanks for such
a generous donation. We are not surprised at it, how-
ever, as it comes from one who literally spends his life
in doing " sweet things."
TirE law of the table is beauty—a respect to the com-
mon soul of all of the guests. Every thing is unsea-
sonable which is private to two or three or any portion
of the company.—Emerson.
RENOVATING FLUID FOR
TAKING OUT GREASE
SPOTS.
Aqua ammonia, 5
drams; castile soap, J
ounce; alcohol, 1 dram;
chloroform, ^ dram; soft
water, 1 quart. Dissolve
the castile soap in a little
of the water, warmed, and
add the other ingredients.

The selfish, lov ing only
themselves, are loved by
no one; so, selfishness is
moral suicide.-—Dc Gas-
ton.
We must consider hu-
manity as a man who con-
tinually grows old, and al-
ways learns.—L. Figuier.
We are all liable to this
error of imagining that we
are grieved at a fault, when
we are only grieved at
having done something to
lower ourselves in our own estimation.—E. M. Sewell.
TO POLISH BRASS.
Get " Universal Metal Polishing Pomade," at house-
furnishing store, and put on brass or copper with a flan-
nel rag, and rub off with a clean cloth.
TO TAKE RUST FROM STEEL.
Rub on some lard or grease, and allow it to remain
over night; in the morning grease a flannel rag, put
some flour of emery on it, and rub the steel.
Great men undertake great things because they arc
great, and fools because they think them easy.— Vau-
venargues.
The ornaments of a house are the friends who frequent
it.—Emerson.
TO REMOVE STAINS FROM IVORY.
Rub it with common pulverized chalk or whiting,
moistened with cold water.
Whatever may be the apparent difference between
fortunes, there is a certain compensation of good and
evil which renders them equal.
It requires geater virtues to support good than bad
fortunes.
Mît. Gandy and Mr. Emery have each undertaken
the painting and decoration of a room in the new school
building on Seventh street. How much is added to the
Grace is to the tody what good sense is to the
mind.—De La Rorliej'oxcaitH.


8
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
TWO SMALL PEARLS.
What, 0! what are they? do think I
Peeping through the sea-shell pink
Of his tender little gums?
That's why baby bites his thumbs.
Little pearly points we see,
Solving all the mystery
Of each fretful little cry,
Of the tear-drop in his eye;
Tor two little pearls has he,
Two little pearls has baby.
Come, come. mamma! come and see,
Trying hard to bite is he.
Now he squirms and makes a face,
Now his tongue is o'er the place;
O'er the spot where, peeping through,
Yon can see two teeth—yes, two.
Ah! at last you have a view.
Is it not, indeed, quite true.
That, upon the deep shell pink,
Two small pearls stand out distinct.
Showing that two pearls has be?
Ahl so rich is baby.
—Sallie A. Bale.
KINDERGARTEN
Books and Materials.
TEACHERS AND PARENTS, and all in-
terested in the KINDERGARTEN SYSTEM
of INSTRUCTION, will find in our stock
a complete assortment of the STANDARD
TEXT BOOKS, and a variety of works by
Froebel, Krieger, Miss Peabody, and other
eminent instructors.
KINDERGARTEN MATERIALS for Schools,
and Family use, supplied at short notice.
J. W. Schermerhorn & Co.
7 EAST FOURTEENTH ST., NEW YORK,
P. O. Box 3445,
We keep always in stock MERRY SONGS
AND GAMES FOR THE USE OF THE KIN-
DERGARTEN, selected and compiled by
Clara Beeson Hubbard. Price, $2.00.
ARE HEADQUARTERS FOR 0ur stock of BOOKS in all the VARI-
OUS DEPARTMENTS OF LITERATURE, is
full and complete, and Catalogues will
be furnished on application. Correspond-
ence invited.
Kitchen Garden Material.
KINDERGARTEN SUPPLIES,
AND
School Merchandise of All Kinds.
WRITE FOR CIRCULARS, MENTIONING
THIS PAPER.
ROBERT CLARKE & CO.
PUBLISHERS,
Booksellers, Stationers, and Importers,
61,63 and 65 WEST FOURTH STREET,
CINCINNATI.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN
VOL. I. No. 2. CINCINNATI, DECEMBER 20, 1883. Price, lO Cents.
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIA-
TION.
On tho closing day of the Kitchen Garden last
summer, the children were told that the school would
reopen the first Saturday in November.
During the summer the change was made from tho
hall on the corner of Sevonth and Race streets to tho
new rooms, No. 320 West Seventh street, and the ex-
periment of furnishing several apartments with the
real articles of furniture decided upon.
The fair given by the Association in October fur-
nished the requisite funds for this purpose, but it was
thought best to postpone the buying of tho furniture
until after the classes were organized and the general
plan of work for the winter arranged.
Early on Saturday morning, November 3d, the
children began to assemble in the new rooms. A few
of the old pupils had been notified of the change, and
through them the news had quickly spread amongst
a great many of the children. Some who had not
heard of it went to the old familiar corner, where they
were met by the different teachers who had stopped
there on their way to the new school. Each teacher
came in bringing with her a delegation of children,
and by half past nine o'clock, the opening hour of the
school, sixty-one little girls, varying in age from six
to fifteen years, were gathered together in tho room
in which the opening exercises of the school aro held.
The children who had been in the school before had
evidently not forgotten the lessons in cleanliness and
neatness which had been so ofton and so thoroughly
impressed upon them, and most of them fully exem-
plified in their appearance the following little rhyme,
which is repeated almost every Saturday by the
children:
Clean hands and faces,
And manners polite —
Neat, tidy dresses,
Our hearts will delight;
Smooth, tidy hair, always,
Teeth whito and pearly,
Nails brushed as white as snow,
Each morning early.
When the hands were all raised in the song which
usually follows the repetition of this rhyme, "Raise
your hands if they are clean," one could not help
feeling that the snowiest linen would hardly havo suf-
fered from contact with many of them.
Of the sixty-one children, forty-seven were pupils
of last year. Since the first Saturday sixteen moro
children have been admitted, of which fourteen aro old,
and two new pupils. The school has now enrolled
seventy-seven children, which is just as many as can
possibly be accommodated in tho present quarters.
It has been necessary to send away a number of ap-
plicants, and .tho children have been told that the y
must not bring any more new children unless vacan-
cies occur in sume of the classes by pupils dropping
out. The names and residences of new applicants,
however, are taken, so that they may be notified and
have first opportunity of filling these vacancies.
The school has been divided into ten classes: four
of which are composed of tho older girls—those who
have been longest in the school and aro now ready
for more advanced work; four of the new pupils
and the younger girls who havo been with us before,
but still need the training with the small toys; and
two of the youngest children in the school. Each
teacher makes herself responsible for tho six or eight
children placed under her care; learns to know them
thoroughly, not only in their school, but in their
home lives, visits therm from time to time, cares for
them if sick or needy, and tries to influence them'in
every way to become good and honest women, as well
as to train them in the details of household work.
Tho rooms havo been arranged in the following
manner: The front room contains four tables for the
classes which are using tho toys, also a wardrobe in
which these toj-s and other articles used in the school
are kept. Tho next room has been fitted up as a bed-
room, with plain walnut furniture, a folding bed in
form of a wardrobe, wash stand with toilet set,
bureau, and chairs, making a very neat, pretty bed-
room, which can easily bo transformed into a school-
room, when necessary. The third room is used for
general exercises during tho first half hour in the


10
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
morning, afterward for sewing classes, for the tables
of the two youngest classes, and for a reception room
into which visitors are first shown.
The fourth room is arranged as dining room, and
is furnished with every thing necessary for the work
ofthat apartment, sideboard, china closet, deal table
and screens taking place of butler's pantry, chairs,
table seating six persons with tablo appointments
complete, also all of the various articles needed in the
cleaning and care of the dining room.
The kitchen and laundry have not been furnished
as yet, but it is hoped later V( furnish them in the
same manner. The cooking school is as yet a dream
of the future; but, if all progresses well, it is hoped
of the near future.
The general arrangement of exercises for Saturday
morning is usually as follows:
The children and teachers of all the classes meet to-
gether in the third room from half past nine until ten
o'clock, and with piano accompaniment, sing a good-
morning song, followed by a prayer, both of which will
be found elsewhere in the paper. A little talk with the
children then follows on the importance of cleanli-
ness, neatness, good behavior, etc., interspersed with
appropriate rhymes and songs. All matters of gen-
eral interest to the school are usually brought up at
this time. The children are instructed in the duties
of attending the door; and, while singing the follow-
ing song, one of the little girls is selected as waitress
for the day:
While we sing our morry song,
With our hearts so light and free,
Wo will choose from out this throng,
One who will our waitress be—
With her dress so neat and clean,
In her hand a little tray:
When a visitor is seen
We will tell her what to say.
A clean white apron is tied on her, and after tho
song the children repeat together tho directions as to
what she shall do when tho door bell rings.
If there is time after this, the children are allowed
to select a few of tho bright, pretty songs which are
taught them from time to time, and which always
give them tho greatest onjoyment. Many of theso
have been selected from "Mrs. Hubbard's Merry
Songs and Games," used in the Kindergartens, others
are derived from various sources. The gesture songs
please the children most of all, and as theso tend to
exercise all parts of the body, making them more
flexible, and serve to give more ease and grace to the
stiff, awkward motions of many of the children, thus
enabling them to fulfill their duties to greater advan-
tage, many of them are sung.
There is also another object to be gained by teach-
ing these songs to the children. Many of these little
girls begin their first struggle for existence as nursery
maids, and it is hoped that in course of time tho pretty
lullabies, finger songs, and merry games learned in
the Kitchen Garden, will take tho place of ruder
songs and games, picked up in tho street and else-
where, and which are often not just the kind we
would like to have sung or taught to little ones.
These songs can be utilized also in their own homes,
with their own little brothers and sisters. One little
girl in the school last year exclaimed one day, "Oh,
I just used to hate to put my little baby brother to
sleep, and now 1 just love to. 1 sing, 'Baby is a
sailor boy,' and ' As 1 gently rock my baby,' and be-
fore 1 get through with both, he's fast asleep!" One
of- the mothers of two of the children told us one day
that in the morning, before the father went to work,
he always had the two little girls sing several of their
songs to him, and he didn't believe thero was any
finer music any-where. Many of the children brought
into the school by others seem to be perfectly familiar
with tho songs, and we learn that the children often
gather others in tho neighborhood together, and in-
struct thom in all that they themselves are taught on
Saturday.
At ten o'clock the classes are sent to the different
rooms. Tho four in the front room have a lesson with
the toys. One of the older classes is sent to the dining
room, one to the bedroom, while two remain in the
room with the two youngest classes, and spend tho
hour in sewing.
At eleven o'clock tho classes are changed—those
which have not sewed during the first hour spend the
second hour in sewing, while the others take their
places.
At twelve, the two front rooms are thrown together,
and while several of the classes under the guidance of
their respective teachers, set the lunch tables; the rest
of the children join in songs and games in tho third
room. A simple lunch, consisting of milk and some
kind of roll, cake, or cracker, is f urnished every Sat-
urday to tho children—very often by kind friends in-
terested in tho work. Besides giving them a practical
lesson in setting, waitiniron, aUd clearing the lunch
tables, also in washing and putting away the dishes,
this lunch serves as a sort of noonday meal for
many of the children who come from quite a dis-
tance.
When the lunch tables are in readiness, the children
march in, stand while a lunch hymn is sung, and then
take their places at the tables, where they are waited
upon by the little waitresses, who, in their white
aprons, trays in hand, always seem to enjoy this op-


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
il
portunity of showing how much they have profited
by the lessons.
The children are dismissed from the lunch tables,
one class remaining each Saturday to clear the tables
and wash the dishes.
A teacher's meeting is held in the rooms at three
o'clock every Monday afternoon, at which time the
teachers arrange the details and make themselves
perfectly familiar with the work of the coming Satur-
day. Any one desiring further information in rela-
tion to the Kitchen Garden may secure it by apply-
ing at any of these Monday meetings. The regular
monthly meeting of the association takes the place of
the regular teachers' meeting on the first Monday of
each month.
The following lessons will be given in the school
this winter, one of which will be published in each
number of "The Kitchen Garden."
1. The dining room.
2. The bed-room and general cleaning.
3. The kitchen.
4. The laundry.
5. The nursery.
6. Sewing.
DINNER RHYME.
Our dinner is ready,
To wait we prepare,
Three courses we serve
With the greatest of care.
Soup always comes first,
And warmed plates are the hast,
With a small piece of bread
Placed before every guest.
The first course is finished,
The fruit dish may stand,
But remove the soiled dishes,
A plate in each hand.
With light step, and quickly,
Bring vegetables and meat,
And arrange- on the table
Side dishes complete.
For dessert we are ready,
Brush off every crumb,
For clean knives and forks
And plates are to come.
For third or last course,
We have pudding or pie;
The fruit we shall pass around
To each by and by.
THE COVINGTON (KY.) KITCHEN GARDEN
ASSOCIATION.
The officers of the Covington Kitchen Gardon As-
sociation are Mrs. W. A. Dictrick, President; Mrs. H.
K. Lindsay, Vice President; Miss Lizzie Lindsay,
Secretary, and Miss Daisy Wayne, Treasurer. The
teachers who have kindly volunteered their services,
are Mrs. Powell, Miss Morse, Miss Grew, Miss War-
ner, Miss Ebbert, Miss Carter, Miss Goshorn, and
Miss Cora Batelle.
The use of two largo and comfortable rooms at the
Children's Home, on Madison Street, having been
granted the Association, the first meeting was held
there October 27th, with twenty-six pupils present,
which number has increased, during this first month,
to thirty-five.
The Covington Association hold as one of their
rules of faith, that up to the age of twelve or fourteen
there should be no sex in household education, conse-
quently their school is composed, in almost equal
numbers of boys and girls, and it would be difficult
to say which are the most interested and teachable.
This school, like many others, is entirely depen-
dent upon volunteer contributions, but if the amounts
received during the first month may be taken as an
indication, it is evident that it "shall not want."
$71.80 worth of material has been donated by Mr.
W. A. Dietrick; four Kindergarten tables and half
dozen chairs, by Miss Eilla Lindsay; one dozen
chairs, by Mrs. H. K. Lindsay; one dozen toy tables,
by Mr. Boone Reiss; chest of drawers, by Meader
Furniture Company; step ladder, by Mitchell Furni-
ture Company; package of calico, by Mr. J. R. Cop-
pin; sewing material, by Mr. J. M. Walker, and do-
nations or goods, from Jouvet & Co. and the John
Shillito Co.
INDIAN TERRITORY.
The Industrial School for Indian girls, at Muscogee,
will be opened in October. Rev. Mr. Sanson is prin-
cipal. It is to be operated on the cottage plan, one
cottage and one matron to every fifteen girls. The
discipline will be that of a well ordered home, and
the instruction will be by precept and example in
cooking, sewing, and domestic order, and cleanliness.
To maintain the school it will cost §100 per annum
for each pupil, and nearly §50 to furnish a room.—
American Journal of Education.
He who receives a good turn should never forget
it; he who does one, should never remember it.—
Chañan.


12
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Mrs. Herbert Jenny. President, I Miss Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Annie Laws, Vice-President, | Mrs. N. A. Jekfras, Treasurer.
tlg$~Stibscrip1ion price, fifty cents per annum. Address, TllE
Kitchkn Garden, P. O. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, DECEMBER 20, 1883.
It is with no slight gratification that wc have to
acknowledge the friendly and generous reception
with which our first efforts have met. Letters and
messages of approval and encouragement have
reached us from such widely diverse sources as to
reduce to a demonstration, what was, before, to us
but a conviction, namely, that there is really work
for us to do, and that the time is at hand which will
support and find useful a journal devoted to the dis-
cussion and extension of rational and systematic
methods of educating children to the effective and
economical performance of household labor.
One of our main reliances, if not indeed the chief
one, is the expectation that our readers will prove
'contributors. There is much yet to be learned in the
wisest and most experienced institutions; how much,
then, in a field of instruction so recently occupied as
that filled by The Kitchen Garden. Our pages are
open to all who have thoughts to present or methods
to propose for the furtherance of the work in which
we are interested. We may not always be able to
indorse fully the views of our contributors, but we
can, at least, promise to present them fairly and can-
didly. Wc also hope our readers will not fail to send
us timely reports of the doings and experiences of
the Kitchen Gardens with which they are connected,
or in which they may be interested.
An article recently appeared in the editorial col-
umns of one of the leading weeklies of the country,
touching again on the already much discussed " ser-
vant-girl question." The causes to which the pre-
vailing troubles in this quarter may be attributed,
are, in the opinion of the writer, a general lack of
wholesome discipline on the part of the mistresses, a
failure to take things into their own hands, and insist
on proper service, and also, to a too great familiarity
of intercourse between mistresses and servants. To
enforce his point, he calls attention to the contrast
presented in hotels, where servants are subjected to
strict discipline, and, that, under the command of
men. There may be some truth in the writer's asser-
sions, indeed we fear there is too much ; but, making due
allowances for the causes alleged, we believe that there
are many shortcomings which can not be laid to their
charge. It is the lack of knowledge of what is to bo
done, and of training as to how to do it, that make
the most difficulty on both sides. We arc sure that
there' are many well-meaning servants who fail to
give satisfaction, not because they are lazy or dishon-
est, but because they do not know their business, or
if they do, aro not sufficiently skilled to execute it
well, and so they are ultimately discharged and made
miserable while they stay, because they are so unfor-
tunate as to be ignorant of what is expected of them.
On the other hand, the mistress herself is often de-
ficient in exactly the same respects, and really does
not know what to expect of her servant. There is
small wonder then, that in the troubles which must
ensue upon such a state of things, there is a mu-
tual lack of respect and confidence—dignity is over-
thrown, and discipline becomes an impossibility. It
is hoped that the work of the Kitchen Gardens may
be such as to remove somewhat this cause of discord
from the households of the next generation.
A Kitchen Garden Association has been formed in
the Ninth Street Baptist Church, for the purpose of
combining Kitchen Garden training with the other
missionary work of the church.
The ladies of the Mt. Auburn Presbyterian Church
contemplate introducing a few of the Kitchen Gar-
den occupations into the work of the sewing school
which is now under their conduct. We trust that
they will decide to do so, and send us an account of
the results,
The annual Christmas celebration of the Cincin-
nati Association, takes place Saturday, the 22nd, at
the school rooms. There will be a tree hung with
gifts for the children, whose only business that day
will be to sing their songs and be very happy.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
13
THE DINING EOOM LESSON.
A class that comes for its first lesson to the dining
room begins by learning the name, use, and proper
place for every object in the room. The furnishing
of the room and the minutiaj of its service vary
largely in different households; but it is believed that
if a girl can be made acquainted with one orderly and
systematically arranged dining room, and knows one
good way of attending to it, she will be well fitted to
care for any other.
THE TABLE.
1. In setting a table, a heavy canton flannel or
felt, is usually placed under the cloth, both to protect
the table and improve the appearance of the linen.
If neither of these is used, mats are placed for hot
dishes. When the table is highly polished, an enamel
cloth is sometimes laid over the felt. For breakfast,
luncheon, and tea, the table-cloth is sometimes omit-
ted, as well as the felt, and mats under each dish are
substituted.
2. Care should bo taken to put the table cloth on
exactly straight, with the long crease in the middle
and lengthwise of the table.
3. Place knives and forks for host and hostess
first; after finding the number of persons to be^eated,
arrange the places as symmetrically as. possible,
placing at the right of each one a knife, with sharp
edge turned toward the left; a fork at the left with
tines turned up, leaving space between for square
napkin. When ring is used, place the napkin at'th'e
right of knife, and parallel with it. / -\
Carving knife and fork should bo placed.beforo the
host, and a table-spoon on either side of the table
where vegetable dishes are to stand.
4. Glasses are placed a little to the right of the
point of the knife, with right side up, and, like all
other dishes, must be carried on a tray, to avoid fin-
gering and save time.
5. Individual butters and salts are arranged in
various ways, but all should occupy the same relative
positions on the table.
The children are usually taught to place the butter
plate at the point of the knife, and the salt at the end
of the fork.
If individual butters and salts are not used, the
larger ones are placed symmetrically near the corners
of the table with cruets and peppers.
Thus far the arrangement of the table is alike for
breakfast and dinner.
BREAKFAST.
G. For breakfast, cups and saucers should be
placed at the left of the hostess; if there is room, it
adds greatly to the appearance of the table to have
each cup placed in its saucer, but if there are more
cups and saucers than can be easily arranged in that
manner, pile them nicely together so as to present the
most symmetrical appearance.
Cream pitchers, sugar bowl, slop bowl, and spoon-
glass, are placed in front of the hostess.
7. Chairs must now be placed at the table. When
breakfast is ready tobe served, glasses should be filled
within an inch of the top, care being taken not to wet
the cloth. Hot plates are placed before the host in a
neat pile, covered vegetable dishes brought in, and
coffee and tea placed at the right of hostess, spouts
toward her left, and meat platter is placed before the
host.
8. When the family is seated, the waitress should
remove tho covers, quickly reversing them- that no
moisture may drip on cloth or carpet, and placing
them on side table or in the butler's pantry. She
should then take her position at tho left of host with
tray, prepared to hand ihe plates. This she should
do quickly and quietly, always going to the left of
each person, either placing the plate herself or allow-
ing tho person served to lake it from her tray, as she
may have been directed.
In serving coffee, time is saved by placing tho cup
immediately at the right of each person. Ladies
should be served first, and when there are guests, the
lady who sits at the right of tho host should be first
served.
A waitress should be on tho alert to see that glasses
are refilled when necessary, and that each person is
supplied with bread and butter. After the family has
left the room, the breakfast is removed to kitchen for
servants' breakfast.
9. Tho first duty in clearing tho tabic, after put-
ting tho chairs in place. is to remove such articles as
do not require daily washing, refilling salts, peppers,
cruets, and sugar bowl, before putting away, and re-
moving napkins to their proper placo.
Glasses are taken on tray to the pantry, and sllver
collected, arranging all of a kind together, with handles
the same way to prevent scratching; cups and saucers
then follow, taking cleanest things first, and putting
like things together until table is cleared. Crumbs
are then brushed into tray, and cloth carefully folded
in its creases and put smoothly away. After sweep-
ing the carpet lightly, and opening windows to air
the room and settle dust, tho dishes should be washed.
All dishes should be scraped, dregs emptied from
cups and glasses, and bits of butter removed to clean
plate, and sent to the kitchen.
10. Dishes should bo washed in the following
order: First, the glasses, which, like tho silver, must


14
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
bo carefully bandied and dried with fine towel, never
allowing the fingers to touch them and leave a mark.
Silver must be cleaned once a week with silicon, as
directed on box, and rubbed with chamois two or
three times a week.
Steel knives must be cleaned every day. If possi-
ble a knife board should bo used, otherwise rub the
steel with sapolio and chamois.
Never put the knife handles in hot water, as it
loosens them and discolors the ivory.
Cups, saucers, and other dishes are dried with
coarser towels; the cleanest things should invariably
be washed first.
All dishes must be washed first in hot suds, quickly
rinsing them in clear hot water, and all of a kind
dried as soon as washed. Only a few should be put
in the pan at once, to avoid scratching and chipping.
A small dish mop is very useful for pitchers and cups.
When pitchers have hold milk or cream, fill them
with hot water and let them stand a while before
washing. When all have been washed and put in
place, dish pan must be scoured and dried, and towels
hung up, and pantry put in perfect order, after which
the dining room should be dusted, the windows closed,
and cover put on tablo.
DINNER.
11. Knives, forks, napkins, glasses, butters, salts,
cruets, carvers, and vegetable spoons, are arranged as
directed for breakfast.
12. On the side table the waitress must arrange
all the extra plates, etc., needed for the dinner (plates
for all hot courses to be warmed), and the tureen,
platter, and vegetable dishes should be ready for use
in the pantry.
The finger bowls with doilies under them on tea
plates, and knife for fruit at the side, are placed on
sideboard or side table—the bowls should be half filled
with water to which lemon may be added when de-
sired.
Small after-dinner coffees, with spoons, sugar bowl,
and cream pitcher, should likewise be placed on side
table, and a pitcher of ice water prepared ready for
use.
13. When soup is to bo served, a ladle is placed in
front of the hostess, as well as a platter for tureen to
stand on. A thick piece of bread is placed on each
napkin, and a soup spoon at the right of each knife.
When the glasses have been filled, and chairs pushed
up, the tureen should be placed on its platter, and the
soup plates before the hostess.
14. When the family is seated, the waitress stand-
ing at the left of the hostess, should quickly reverse
and remove the cover of the tureen, serving the soup
as directed in breakfast lesson. When the course is
finished, soup plates should be removed (one in each
hand) to side table or pantry, never piling them, and
always clearing from the right side. The cover
should then be placed on tureen, and it removed.
15. If the socond course consists of meat and veg-
etables, the platter and plates are put before the host,
and vegetal les arranged symmetrically at sides of
the table, t king care to place every dish straight.
Meat und vegetables served as directed for breakfast.
After this course is finished, all dishes must be re-
moved except glasses, taking first the plates, then the
vegetables and meat; and afterward the cruets, pep-
pers, salts, and butters should bo collected on a tray
reserved for that purpose.
Carefully brush the crumbs from table-cloth with
crum brush, knife or napkin, on to a plate, or if pre-
ferred, a tray kept for the purpose.
16. If pudding and fruit, followed by coffee, are to
be served, the pudding, pudding dishes, and spoons, aro
placed before the hostess, and a finger bowl given to
each person. After pudding has been served and re-
moved, the fruit dish may be passed and coffee served.
After dinner coffee is usually served in small cups
from the side table, a cup nearly full being offered to
each person, with sugar bowl and cream pitcher on
same tray. When pie is substituted for pudding, a
knife is given to the hostess to cut it with, and only
forks are served with it.
SUGGESTIONS TO WAITRESS.
A waitress having every thing prepared before an-
nouncing a meal, must neither ask questions, nor
speak during the meal, unless she is spoken to. Her
motions should be quick and light, but without any
appearance of haste. She should not listen to the
conversation at table, must keep her mind on her
duties, and avoid repeating any thing that may have
been said by family or guests.
Her person and dress must be scrupulously neat.
She must have large colored aprons to work in; but,
when tending the door or table, must always appear
in plain, long, white apron. Caps are occasionally
required.
If she make a mistake, or an accident occur, she
must not grow excited nor make excuses, but silently
and quickly repair the fault, or remove all traces of
damage. By exercising a little forethought, much
time and labor may often be saved. Tho waitress
may also have to attend the door bell, and in doing
it should never delay or go untidy. She should be
careful to answer respectfully, and remember the
names or messages she may receive. Cards or notes
handed her should be received on a tray. In usher-
ing a caller into the parlor, she should open the door


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
15
and then step back, to allow the visitor to precede
her. She should then carry the name or card to the
hostess.
A waitress should be careful not to pass in front of
people, unless circumstances so compel, in which case
she must ask to bo excused.
CHRISTMAS CAROL.
PRACTICAL EECIPES.
FISH IN SHELLS.
Tried by Mrs. F. 67. Huntington.
Four or five lbs. of fresh fish boiled and picked.
Lake salmon or while fish preferred. Add sanco as
follows: One pint of milk and one bunch of parsley
boiled and strained—then add one-quarter lb. butter,
two tablespoons of flour moistened with water and
strained, two tablespoons of mushroom catsup, juice
of one lemon, pepper and salt. Mix sauce with fish
and cook in shells, with grated bread crumbs and bits
of butter on top.
BRANDPORD CAKE.
One and one-half pounds of flour; one and one-
half pounds of sugar; three-quarters lb. butter; six
eggs; one pint sweet milk; two tcaspoonfuls baking
powder; one lb. raisins; one wine-glassful brandy;
cinnamon, and one nutmeg. Eggs beaten separately.
RICE CROQUETTES.
Boil a half-pound of rice in a quart of milk for
twenty minutes, then turn into a bowl and add yolks
of two eggs. one ounce of sugar, one teaspoon ful
essence of vanilla. After being well mixed set aside
to cool. When quite cool make into small balls; coat
lightly with flour. Having beaten whites of two eggs
roll the balls in it, and coat them with bread-crumbs.
Fry in fat for two minutes and serve.
CREAM OP CELERY SOUP.
Queen City Club.
Put into a quart of good beef broth six stalks of
celery cut fine. Boil until well cooked, then strain
the celery from the broth, and pound it fine in a mor-
tar. Set the broth where it will keep warm. Then
make a sauce with a half pound of butter and three
tablespoon fuis of wheat flour. Cook it well without
changing color, then add one quart of milk and stir
with whip until it boils. Add the broth, and after
passing the celery through a fine sieve add it. Season
to taste, and if loo thick add more broth. Just be-
fore serving add one-half pint of cream. Serve
very hot.
The Christmas bells are ringing,
The Christmas tree is bl ight,
And gladly are we singing,
Beneath its welcome light.
Carol, carol, Christmas carol,
Is our happy, happy call—
Merry Christmas, merry Christmas,
Peace and good will unto all.
Its branches shine with splendor,
Each blossoming with flame;
From friendship true and tender,
Its wondrous fruitage came.
Carol, enrol, Christmas carol,
Joyously our footsteps fall—
Merry Christmas, merry Christmas,
Peace and good will unto all.
And Santa Claus is peeping,
From somewhere up above,
To see if we are keeping
il is festival of love.
Carol, carol, Christmas carol,
Gladness holds our hearts in thrall.—
Merry Christmas, merry Christmas,
Peace and good will unto all.
With grateful hearts and voices,
We sing our joyful strain;
Once more the earth rejoices,
The Christ child comes again.
Carol, carol, Christmas carol—
Though we are but children small,
Merry Christmas, merry Christmas,
Peace and good will unto all.
— Written for the "Kitchen Garden" Ьц F. W. Clarke.
GOOD MORNING SONG.
Good morning, good morning,
Kind teachers so dear,
How gladly we greet you
To all doth appear;
Our school-mates we welcome
Each one with delight,
Our hearts are so happy
Because we do r;ght.
Good morning, good morning,
Our dear little school,
How happy we are
In obeying each rule;
For love is our motto,
In work and in play,
Then hurrah, hurrah,
For each happy day.


16
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
MORNING PRAYER.
Father, lead me day by day,
Ever in Thine own sweet way;
Teach me to be pure and true,
.Show me what 1 ought to do.
When I'm tempted to do wrong,
Keep me steadfast. wise, and strong;
When alone I fear to stand,
.Shield me with Thy mighty hand.
THE GOLDEN RULE.
To do to others as I wish
That they should do to me,
Will make me gentle, kind, and good,
As children ought to be.
The Golden Rule. the Golden Rule,
Ah, that's the rule for me—
To do to others as I wish
That they should do to me.
THE FAIR.
The friends of the Kitchen Garden have every rea-
son to bo satisfied, and more than satisfied, with tho
success of the Fair. Although the rooms of the
Kitchen Garden are not as well adapted to such an
undertaking as could have been wished, every effort
was made to dovelope all their latent possibilities, and
with such success that a very large attendance found
ample room and plenty to buy. The financial suc-
cess was an entire surprise to the most sanguine, and
the school will suffer no embarrassment for want of
funds. The following is a list (it is hoped complete)
of those who so generously contributed to this suc-
cess:
Mr. Allen, Mrs. Larz Anderson, Jr., Mrs. Stephen
Ayers, Avondale Dorcas Society, Miss May Bishop,
Miss Kate Bush, Miss Winnie Burt, Miss Fannie
Biggs, Miss Balke, Mrs. Biggs, Miss Barr, Miss Char-
lotta Brown, Miss Jennie Bradbury, Mrs. M. II. Bent-
ly, Miss Sallie Butler, MissBently, Mrs. Thomas But-
ler, Mr. Pitts Burt, Mrs. Bishop, Mrs. Bnrkhardt,
Miss Blanche Bradford, Miss E Bradford,' Mr. Brad-
Icy, Mrs. Bradbury, Mrs. Boyd, Mr. Bert Baldwin,
Mrs. Coupe, Miss Collier, Miss Florence Carlisle, Miss
Clara Carlisle, Mr. Chas. S. Cheever, Mrs. Jas. Crane,
Mr. Alex. Clark, Mrs. Cleaney, Mary and Ralph Cald-
wel, Mrs. Doane, Miss Ida Doane, Miss Daisy Doane,
Miss Doherty, Mrs. Donohue, Miss Donohue, Miss
Teresa Donohue, Miss Doughty, Miss Dodd, Mrs.
Win. Dodd. MHo. Angelica Dita, Miss Agnes Davis,
Mrs. Dykens, Cethie Donaldson, Miss Eckstein, Mr.
Win. Ellis, Mrs. Ewing, Mr. Empson, Lida Empson,
Mrs. Win. Ellis, Mr. Thomas Emery, Miss Fithian,
Mrs. Fagin, Miss Fagin, Mrs. S. S. Fisher, Miss Edith
Fisher, Miss Elsie Field. Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Mr.
Feemster, Mrs. Feemster, Miss Florence P. Fletcher,
Miss Field, Mrs. Walter Field, Mrs. L. A. Foote, Cin-
cinnati Floral Co., Mr. W. П. Field, Miss Goepper,
Miss Alice Goepper, Mr. John R. Gandy, Mrs. Gandy,
Mrs. Thomas Gandy, Mrs. H. J. Groesbeck, Miss
Genevieve Groesbeck, Mrs. Gazloy, Mrs. Galbreath,
Mr. David Gamble, Mr. Herman Goepper, Mrs. M.
Goepper, Mrs. Herman Goepper, Mrs. Griffiths, Miss
Krouse, Mrs. Kecnan, Mrs. Hodgdon, Mrs. Julius
Hargrave, Mrs. Halstead, Mr. Jerome Howard, Miss
Ella Howard, Miss Alice Hollabird, Mrs. L. B. Har-
rison, Mrs. F. G. Huntington, Mrs. A. H. Hinkle,
Miss Hickman, Mr. George Hill, Mary Harrison, Mrs.
Alex. Huston, Mrs. Herbert Jenney, Mrs. N. A. Jef-
frass, Misses Alice and May Jeffrass, Mrs. Jeffries,
Miss Carrie Johns, Mrs. McKeehan, Miss H. King,
Miss Carrie Kemper, Mrs. Lyman, Mrs. James H.
Laws, Miss Laws, Miss Lizzie Laws, Miss Alice Laws,
Mrs. Leonard, Mrs. Lockard, Mrs. Lupton, Mr. Perm
Langdon, Miss Lippencott, Mrs. J. V. Lewis, Miss
Lewis, Miss Lizzie Lacy, Mrs. Mundy, Miss Lena
Mitchell, Mrs. Myers, Bennio Myers, Mrs. Sidney
Maxwell, Mrs. Middleton, Miss McLaughlin, Mrs.
Millard, Mr. Mabley, Mender Furniture Co., Miss
Sophie Mallon, Mrs. M. L. Nichols, Miss Clara New-
ton, MibS Clara E. Nourse. Miss Elizabeth Nourse,
Mrs. E. F. Noyes, Miss Amy Netter, Miss Potter,
Mrs. Pearce, Mr. A. F. Perry, Mrs. Perry, Miss Perrj-,
Miss Pitman, Mrs. Peale, Miss Peale, Airs. Hull, Mrs.
W. M. Ramsey, Miss Ramsey, Mr. Ryling, Mrs. Ray-
mond, Mrs. Edward Rawson, Mrs. Win. Resor, Misses
Rcsor, Miss Stanwood, Miss Minnie Stanwood, Mr.
James Stanwood, Mrs. Stewart, Miss Eliza Stewart,
Miss Mary Stewart, Miss Lizzie Shipley, Miss Scar-
borough, Miss Sampson, Mrs. Stevens, Mrs. George
Sattler, Mr. George Sattler. Mrs. Strickland, Miss
Maud Stone, Miss Swift, Miss Jeannette Skinner,
Mrs. Symmes, Mrs. A. S. Sheldon. Mrs. Shipley, Miss
Ella Smith, Sunderbruch & Co., Mrs. W. T. Simpson,
Miss Alice Traber, Miss Tilden, Mr. Tettenborn, Mrs.
T. H. Taft, Mrs. S. L. Thomas, Estelle and Marguerite
Tullidge, Mr. Samuel Taft, Jr., Mr. R H. Warder,
Miss Anna Warder, Mrs. Frank Wilson, Miss Wright,
Mrs. Williams, Miss Florence Williams, Mr. Whelpley,
H. F. West, Brother & Co., Mrs Words, Miss Edith
Wilson, Miss White, Miss Mary Wayne, Mrs. T. M.
Woodruff, Airs. Westendorf, Mrs. James Wayne, Miss
Mamie Vance, Air. Thomas Zimmerman.


»
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. I. No. 3.
CINCINNATI, FEBRUARY 20, 1883.
Price, lO Cents.
CINCINNATI KITCHEN CARDEN ASSOCIA-
TION.
The annual Christmas celebration of the Kitchen
Garden took place on Saturday the 22nd, of Decem-
ber, at the school rooms on Seventh street.
The day was a happy one in every respect, and tho
many pleasant little messages of encouragement and
interest in the work which accompanied the gifts and
donations sent in by kind friends, proved most accept-
able Christmas gifts to the teachers.
In one corner of the front room, which was ar-
ranged for the opening exercises, stood tho Christ-
mas tree, which was hung with bright ornaments,
cornucopia; filled with candy, and Christmas cards.
An upright piano in the opposite corner was literally
covered with strings of bright colored bonbons. The
adjoining room, usually used as a bed-room, was re-
served for visitors. One pleasant little feature of the
morning was the distribution to the children, after
the singing of the opening songs and carols, of a
number of bonbons and little packages—toys left from
the fish pond of tho Pair held in October—which
they were told to present unopened to little friends
who were poorer than themselves and had no one to
preparo Christmas surprises for them—thus enabling
the children to enjoy the pleasures of giving as well as
receiving. Some cap bonbons presented to the chil-
dren during lunch time, from their novelty, created
much merriment; but tho climax of the morning was
reached when the immense Christmas stockings were
brought in and presented, one to each teacher. The
children greeted their appearance with a perfect out-
burst of laughter and applause. Tho sight was an
interesting one. as each teacher, surrounded by an
eager and expectant crowd, dispensed the contents of
the ''Surprise" which Santa Claus had sent to her
class. A few chords from tho piano at last brought
the children to order again, and after singing a Christ-
mas carol they were dismissed, a pretty Christmas
card being presented to each one as she went out.
The school was re-opened January 5th, which
proved to bo one of tho coldest days of the winter.
Tho few children who ventured out had nearly
perished when they reached the school. Some bundles
of warm clothing which had been sent in were utilized
at once, and tho children went home in much better
condition than they came.
A basketful of garments too small for the children
of the Kitchen Garden, was sent down to the South
Kindergarten, where clothing is much needed.
The work of the school is steadily progressing, and
the advantages of having the real furnished rooms
become more apparent every week. The bed-room
and dining-room departments are now in successful
operation, and wo are encouraged in the belief that
the Kitchen and Laundry will follow in course of
time. The Sewing department has been more thor-
oughly systematized this winter than ever before, and
with very good results.
Wo must again impress this fact upon our readers,
that we are not yet in a condition to turn out/ra¡ne<¿
servants; wo are only paving the way for that to bo
done in the future. We are, as yet, only in tho al-
phabet of instruction. Many of the children who
come to us are from wretched homes, where they aro
exposed to evil influences of all sorts, and it is not an
easy matter to transform them at once into perfectly
truthful, honest, neat, polite, well-trained little house-
maids. Wo can only bend our energies in that direc-
tion and do all in our power to bring about that re-
sult, but at best it must be but slow work. In many
cases we feel repaid if we only succeed in creating an
interest in household work and a desire to be bettor.*
Inquiries are continually coming to us as to how
teachers can best be trained for this work. Miss
Huntington of New York, tho lady who originated
the Kitchen Garden system of work, has one thor-
oughly trained teacher who is in the habit of visiting
different cities in order to train classes of teachers.
In starting the work in Cincinnati, wo felt that we
were not able to expend much money in beginning
an experiment which in the end might prove unsuc-
cessful. Instead, therefore, of sending for Miss Torrey,
we ordered tho books and toys. of which a complete
list is given in tho first number of the "Kitcuen


18
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
Garden," and with their assistance and our own
common sense and knowledge, combined with the ad-
vice of experienced housekeepers, we arranged our
own lessons and carried them out in as practical a
manner as we could. discarding among other things
the working by chords struck on tho piano.
We have found tho little book called "Household
Economy," published by the New York Kitchen Gar-
den Association, and Mrs. Willard's "Primers of Do-
mestic Science," among the most helpful of tho books
to which wc have referred, and would recommend
them to all desirous of starting Kitchen Gardens.
CORltESPONDENCE.
Boston, February 2nd, 1884.
To the Teachers of'the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden:
My very great interest in the Cincinnati Kitchen
Garden has promoted increased interest in all Kitchen
Gardens; and this, combined with a desiro to make
manifest my constant wish to bo one of you in tho
good work at home, has led me to inquire of Boston
and Cambridge people concerning such institutions in
and about those cities, in the hope that from foreign
sources might bo gathered some new ideas and un-
familiar ways of working, useful to Cincinnati Kitchen
Gardeners.
From what 1 have thus far learned of this kind of
work, I should say that Kitchen Gardens arc of com-
paratively recent date in Boston; only a few schools
exist, and these arc difficult to find, because of their
obscurity. The one best known is a part of the North
Bennett Street Mission, and I shall be glad to tell what
I saw there. The North Bennett Street Mission is an
industrial school for women, boys, and girls. A largo
building on North Bennett street is used exclusively
for this purpose. There are many departments of
labor, each under the supervision of a matron or
foreman. Almost all the teachers are paid a salary;
the only volunteers I remember are those who play
t^ie piano for the Kitchen Garden and Kindergarten.
To begin with the Kitchen Garden, which was to
me of primary importance, I learned that there are
two separate classes of two hours a week each.
The room used for the purpose is large, with little
decoration of any kind and high windows, probably
a church at some former time. This impression was
confirmed at tho sight of many apparently discarded
pews ranged along tho walls. In the center were
placed two long tables, each accommodating twelvo
pupils. A piano stands on a platform at one end. In
this same room on other days the cooking school
meets, and other classes also, so that there is nothing
characteristic of Kitchen Garden in the surroundings.
Here the Kitchen Garden is Miss Huntington's
Kitchen Garden in all its purity. No innovations of
any kind have been introduced, and thus the theoret-
ical or "toy" instruction is kept entirely separate and
distinct from tho practical working instruction. O11Ij'
after graduation from the "toy" course, lasting two
years, are pupils admitted into tho real chamber-
work, laundry, cooking school, and dining room.
The lesson begins at 12:30, giving the children just
timo enough to reach tho mission from tho public
schools, to cat a light luncheon of bread and milk set
for them in the dining room below, and then to march
in to their places at the Kitchen Garden tables. Tho
pianist plays a march by which they enter the room,
two and two, and stand as they roach their respectivo
places until all havo come in, when, at a chord on
the piano, they sit down before their dishes or beds,
as tho case тaj- be.
Tho bed-making lesson was the order of the day on
this occasion. The teacher taught, standing at the
head of the two tables, by questions and answers on
what she had told them in the previous lesson, giving
them additional information.
It is needless to explain further tho process of
teaching, as that is embodied in Miss Huntington's
book, and here tho book is followed closely without
deviation.
As soon as I saw the children I was struck by their
appearance, indicative of their ages, health, and tem-
peraments.
These girls wero all between twelve and fourteen;
most of them looked pale and weary. There was not
a bit of healthy animal spirits visible anywhere; no.
laughter nor pleasure manifest in any degree. When
I thought of them just out from school, sot at onco
to work here, to go right back to school again with
no recreation between times except a luncheon and
whispered conversation, I was not surprised that they
looked languid, listless, and uninterested. I heard
not a single laugh—which contrasted oddly with my
experience at home. Thus the lesson continued. each
act of the children preluded by a chord on the piano;
and at the close they sang, seated, tho bed-making
song, and two or three others. Then rising at tho
signal, they marched out in tho same very quiet way
in which they had entered.
I was told that the Kitchen Garden is compara-
tively less evolved than the other departments of in-
struction, and that in the course of time it is hoped
that this work will be as well done and edifying as
arc the other departments taught here.
I shall speak briefly of the shoe shop, printing-
room, laundry, etc., which were very fascinating and
well worthy of imitation.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
39
The women como into the laundry for instruction
in the afternoons, between the hours of four and six,
after they have done their day's work. Children
assist on\y. The real laundry work is done by the
women, many of whom have had a great deal of ex-
perience beforehand.
The laundry is very completely fitted out, and is
kept beautifully neat and fresh. In the stationary
tubs are laid small steam pipes, through which the
steam can bo turned on or off. This does away with
the necessity for stoves to boil the water and gains
much time, as in two minutes from the instant the
steam is turned on, the clothes boil. Stoves are used
only for heating the irons for ironing.
Washing is sent in from all parts of Boston, a
wagon carrying the clothes forward and back.
Enough money is mado in this way to call the de-
partment self-sustaining.
In the shoe-shop are boys of all ages who are per-
mitted to substitute manual work for ono or moro
studies in the public schools. A few hours every
week are spent in learning to make shoes, each boy
ending by making every part of a whole pair by
hand. The foreman devotes his leisure time to making
shoes of all kinds, from the cheapest and simplest to
the most expensive and elaborate. Ho has as many
orders as he can fill. Poor people in the neighbor-
hood buy the shoes made by the boys for very little
money.
I did not go into the printing-room, but was told
that the training there was systematic and practical,
and that many boys attended the classes.
Sewing is taught separately by a matron at the
head of the department. There are several classes
which come at different times. The girls are taught
the rudiments, then the cutting and making of
many articles of clothing. Some of those garments
are given them to take homo; but such is the number
mado, that the school is able to supply many poor
families with good clothes at a very low price. In
this way a share of the expenses of the institution is
paid off.
The cooking class is formed of other girls, and meets
twice a week. A dish is prepared and cooked by the
teacher unassisted by tho pupils, who look on merely.
During the process of cooking, questions are asked
and answered, and the cook talks constantly, while
the children listen. Just enough of tho article is
prepared, usually, to allow each child a taste, and then
criticism is encouraged, and the dish is talked about
exhaustively.
The chamber work consists in taking care of tho
rooms in tho house occupied as sleeping-rooms by tho
matrons, most of whom make the mission their home.
In connection with the school is a restaurant on a
small scale, where men and women working near by
can get a warm meal throe times a day for a small
sum. Here the children act as waitresses, take care
of the dining room, set the tables, wash tho dishes,
etc., and this corresponds to the dining room work as
taught in Cincinnati.
An interesting feature of this industrial school is
its library. The room, a largo and pleasant ono,
with open fire and shelves of books lining the walls,
and a writing table in the center with writing ma-
terials, invites one to enter, and must prove very at-
tractive indeed to all who go into it. The children
take the books home with them or read them in tho
library, which is always open.
Is not a library feasible in Cincinnati? Or is the
space devoted to tho Kitchen Garden too small to al-
low of carrying siich a plan into immediate execution?
Surely there are many people who would gladly con-
tribute books, outgrown by their own children, and
old magazines. This accumulation would form a
nucleus for later contributions and futuro endow-
ments, and would unquestionably give great pleasure
and be of real benefit to the Kitchen Garden children.
For exemplification of my theory, it is only necessary
to witness tho distribution of gifts at festival times.
The books are always welcomed with great glee and
genuine gratitude, and rarely have I seen any disap-
pointment on the faces, or heard any preference ex-
pressed for some other gift in exchange for tho book.
If the above account is of any interest, 1 shall tell,
in future number? of the "Kitchen Garden" what I
see in the different schools hero, for I shall make it
my pleasure to visit all within easy reach between
January and June. Very respectfully,
_  _ A. L. G.
Fruit Cake.—Ono pound of almonds, two pounds
of raisins, two pounds of currants, one pound of cit-
ron, ono table-spoonful of mace, one table-spoonful of
cinnamon, four nutmegs, two wine-glassfuls of rose
water, two wine-glassfuls of wine, one wine-glassful
of brandy, one pound of butter, one pound of flour,
ono pound of sugar, and twelve eggs beaten together.
Brown the flour and let it cool. Bake for two hours
in an oven oven.
Ice Cream Candy. — (Miss Stewart.) — Put two
pounds of granulated sugar in a saucepan with suf-
ficient cold water to barely cover it; add a piece of
butter the size of an egg, two table-spoonfuls of vin-
egar; boil this without stirring about twenty-five min-
utes; just before removing from the fire flavor with
ono tea-spoonful of vanilla. Pour into well-greased
pans. When cool enough, pull for a few minutes.


20
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
THE BEDROOM AND GENERAL CLEANING.
Mrs. Herbert Jenny. President, I Miss Edith Perry, Secretar;-.
Miss Annie Laws, Vice-President, I Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Treueurer.
fgSf Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, 0. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office. Cincinnati, О. |
CINCINNATI, FEBRUARY 20, 1884.
We feel that we are fortunate in being able to pre-
sent to our readers, in this issue, some accounts, more
or less detailed, of what Kitchen Gardens are doing
in other cities. The Kitchen Garden movement has
heretofore been confined almost exclusively to a few
of tho larger cities, but now there aro constant and
increasing signs of interest awakening in very many
smaller cities and towns throughout tho country. In
quite a number of these the schools are already organ-
ized and established, and many hundreds of happy
children are being almost unconsciously lead into a
knowledge of good household manners and methods;
a knowledge truly indispensable to them if they are
to become successful and valuable, and consequently
happy workers in the field of domestic employment.
This is a good work and should go on. And it will
go on; for the need of it is beginning to be realized,
and will bo more and more. It is seen that a knowl-
edge of the best way to " keep house" does not " come
by nature," any more than does any other kind of
knowledge, and also that as genuine a scholarship and
as true a culture may be shown in the baking of a loaf
of bread, or the making a room clean and cheerful, as
in weighing a planet or criticising a painting.
WiTh audacity one can undertake anything, but
one cannot accomplish everything.—Napoleon I.
It does not depend upon us to avoid poverty, but
it does depend upon us to make that poverty re-
spected.— Voltaire.
Hcxlev gives as the "secret of his philosophy,"
this: "The habit of trying not to talk about things
of which I know nothing."
1. In the care of tho bedroom, the first thing to bo
done in the morning is to open the shutters and win-
dows, that the room may be thoroughly aired.
2. Place two chairs together so that the bed clothes
may be thrown over them without dragging on the
floor. First shake up the bolster and pillows and
place them on the chairs, then the spread if it was
not removed at night, the blanket, and last the sheets.
3. While tho bed is airing, carry away all soiled
clothing, towels, etc., and put them in a basket or bag
kept for the purpose, taking care to dry carefully all
damp things before putting them with others.
•1. Then carry out of the room and empty, all
waste water, and after rinsing the vessels, wash them
thoroughly with hot soap-suds and dry them thor-
oughly with cloths kept especially for the purpose.
5. After carrying them back,' take to the bedroom
a pail of hot suds, and with a sponge and cloth wash
and wipe every thing on the wash-stand. In the case
'of a stationary wash-stand, especially, the bowl must
bo carefully washed every morning with hot suds,
otherwise a black scum will settle on it. If this should
occur, scour tho basin with soda or borax and water.
6. Then fill the pitchers with fresh water, and place
clean towels on the rack.
7. In making the bed, if cotton or hair mattress is
used, turn it every day. Where spring mattress is
used, it is often protected by a muslin cover. The
lower sheet should be put on right side up, and with
wide hem at the head of the bed, and should be
tucked in smoothly. Then put on upper sheet right
side down with wide hem at head, allowing about a
qnarter of a yard to turn over blankets, so that when
the sheet is turned over the right side of hem will be
on top. When double blankets are used, tho open
end should be placed at the head so that one can easily
be turned back if desired. If tho blankets are too
narrow for a double bed, the upper one may bo laid
from side to side instead of lengthwise.
The spread is put on over the blankets and sheets,
and must be tucked in tight to make tho bed smooth.
If the spread is put on in this way, it covers the sheet
after it has become tumbled, and is easily removed if
desired. Some prefer to have tho sheet folded over
the spread as well as over the blanket; this is the
most convenient way, if tho spread is not removed at
night.
Fold the night clothes and lay them at the head of
the bed. Shake up the feathers in the bolster and
put it on evenly, with seam of case next to head-
board; place pillows on bolster with buttons on the
outside.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
21
8. After the bed is made, brush up the room either
with whisk broom and dust-pan or carpet sweeper;
then dust everything carefully with soft cloth; put the
furniture in place; remove finger marks from paint or
mirrors with cloth wrung out in hut water; empty
scrap basket and hair bag. The contents of the latter
should be burned, and never allowed to get into any
of the waste-pipes, which hair very soon clogs.
9. Arrange the shades and curtains neatly before
leaving the room.
10. In arranging a room for the night, shades
should be drawn down, gas lighted, soiled clothes put
away, waste water removed, and pitchers, if used,
again filled with water. Take off large pillows.
Some remove white spread at night and replace it
with colored spread or comforter; if there is no other
spread for use at night, leave on the white one to pro-
tect the blankets. Fold the bedclothes down, lay
night clothes and wrapper on the bed, and place slip-
pers by it.
WEEKLY CLEANING.
Every room in a house should be thoroughly swept
at least once a week.
In the bedroom, after the bed is made, ashes, waste
water and soiled clothes removed, dust all the orna-
ments that are not too heavy to move, and lay them on
the bed. The clock should never be disturbed. Be care-
ful to notice where each thing belongs, in order to re-
turn it to its right place. Cover the bed with calico
dustingsheet. Dust all chairsand small pieces of furni-
ture with cloth duster, rubbing the wood-work well,
and carry them out of the room. Dust the window
shades with feather duster, or clean cloth, and draw
them to the top. Pin up the curtains as high as can be
reached and then sweep the room thoroughly, with
shortstrokos, holding the broom close to the floor; be-
ginning at the door, going into all the corners, sweep-
ing with the grain of the carpet toward the hearty
where the dust can bo easily lifted on the dust-pan.
Look carefully into all corners for cobwebs, and take
them down with a long handled feather duster, with
which also the tops of doors and windows should be
dusted. All the wood-work in the room, doors, inside
shutters, base boards and backs of pictures, should
next be dusted with feather duster, and the furniture
which remains in the room be thoroughly dusted with
soft cloth.
The wash-stand should be put in order according
to directions given. Furniture which was carried
out of room can now be brought back and put in
placo. The dust spread should bo carefully taken
from the bed, so as not to scatter the dust, and shaken
out of tho window before folding. Put all of the or-
naments in place. Before leaving the room arrange
shades and curtains.
HALLS AND STAIRS.
Carpeted halls should be swept once or twice a
week. Before sweeping, all doors opening into the
hall should be closed; windows in hall and at stair
landings should be opened, and shades, after being
dusted, drawn to tho top. Gather the sweepings on
the landing; do not sweep them down. Sweep car-
peted stairs with a largo broom first, and after the
dust has settled, brush the doors, window sills and
base board with feather duster, then with hand brush
dust down tho stairs, one step at a time, going care-
fully into corners and between the bannisters; tho
hand rail of bannisters should be dusted with cloth.
Close windows, draw down shades, and open doors.
FIRES—GRATES.
Before building a new fire shake the ashes through
the bars with a poker; if thero is a blower to the
grate put it on to avoid dust. Empty ash pan, bring
back paper, kindling and coal, or coke. Twist paper
loosely and lay at the bottom of the grate, then lay
kindling crosswise to allow air to circulate freely, and
add coal; not too closely packed. Next wash the
hearth well, and light the fire from below, being care-
ful not to strike tho match on the wall. Match safes
should always be kept full, and should be free from
burnt matches.
Tho bars of tho grate and the fender should, if
iron, be blackened with stove polish; if steel, rubbed
with emery paper, often enough to keep them looking
always bright and clean. Brass fenders, fire sets,
etc., are best cleaned with the "Universal Metal Pol-
ishing Pomade," rubbed on with a flannel cloth, and
then polished with a clean one.
When the first fire of the season is made, in a fire-
place not regularly used, hold a piece of blazing
paper up tho chimney that the smoke may be ex-
pelled, and smoke in the room prevented.
A wood fire in an open fire-place with andirons
burns best over a bed of ashes. A good way is to
have one largo log for a back-log, another for tho
front; then lay rolls of paper between the two logs,
and kindling resting on the logs and paper. One or
two other sticks may be laid on, but never put the
wood on with the bark side down.
BATH-ROOM.
In the bath-room the tub must be washed out daily
with hot suds, and dried with a soft cloth. Chairs
and wood-work must be dusted, soiled towels removed,
soap dish and other crockery washed, and soap al-


22
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
ways placed in the soap dish. If the bath-room is
carpeted, it should be well swept twice a week; if the
floor is covered with oil-eloth, it should bo washed
with a soft cloth and mottled castilo soap, and well
dried with a clean cloth. Tho tub should bo polished
with kitchen crystal or sapolio, and the faucets with
whiting wet with a little water. If the plating is
staincd, wot whiting with alcohol and rub. Mirrors
should be washed in cold water with a little bluing in
it, and a sponge or liutless cloth. Polish with boiled
paper, muslin cloths, chamois or soft paper.
Windows.—Soap should never be used for washing
windows. Hub with a chamois wrung out of warm
water, and polish with a dry chamois. The rubbing
should always be up and down. Alcohol in the water
will sometimes prevent its freezing. When windows
are very dirty, put a little ammonia in the water. To
remove paint from glass, dip a copper coin into water
and rub over the spot, and then wash the glass.
Globes.—In the weekly cleaning of rooms, if the
globes of chandeliers arc smoked or dusty, they must
be washed. A little soda or borax in water will be
effective.
Knobs—hinges.—Silver plated hinges, knobs and
bell handles, as often as need be, should be polished
with moistened whiting; rub on with a soft cloth and
off with a chamois.
Floors.—Hard wood floors should be swept every
day with a hair broom. Once a week they should be
wiped up with cold water and a little cas tile soap,
mixed with a small amount of linseed or sweet oil.
This should be done with flannel, and tho floor thor-
oughly dried with Canton flannel cloth.
Beds.—Once a month the bedstead should be well
washed with warm water. If the beds are old or ill-
made, wash with strong brine, and use insect powder
in tho cracks and joinings. In very warm weather
this should be dono every two weeks. Twice a year
put the mattresses out in the sun and air. In Feb-
ruary and March the beds should be often and care-
fully examined.
Closet.—There should be a closet, if possible, one
on the upper and one on the lower floor, for brooms,
baskets, step ladder, feather dusters, cloth dusters,
dust-pans, sponges, chamois, etc. After every clean-
ing, cloths, chamois, etc., should be washed and hung
up to dry, and s0 be ready for their next use.
Ideas are a capital that bear interest only in the
hands of talent.—Bivarol.
INTELLIGENCE.
Chicago.—Miss Helen M. Hcnrotin writes, under
date of January 19th:
"It is now a year since the Chicago Kitchen Garden
Association was formed. Like yours of Cincinnati,
it was the desire of rendering household work thor-
ough and pleasant to children, which prompted the
formation of such an association. In January, of
1883, Miss Torrey came to our city to teach a normal
class of twelve ladies. The general interest was so
great that, before leaving for the East, a meeting was
called, at which Miss Torrey was present, and ex-
plained tho methods of working and teaching favored
by the New York association.
The Chicago Kitchen Garden Association decided
to allow the membership to become as large as possi-
ble, and to place tho annual dues as low as two dol-
ars, hoping that tho small sum asked for would in-
sure a large membership, and so the interest in the
work proposed become general. Owing to numerous
unavoidable delays, it was not until last November
that a sufficiently largo class had been formed to al-
low the association to send again for Miss Torrey.
During her stay in Chicago two classes received in-
struction in Kitchen Garden—one of twenty-four
ladies and one of twelve. There aro four schools in
tho city in connection with the following named
churches: St. James, the New England Church,
the Fourth Presbyterian, and tho Church of Sts.
Peter and Paul.
The association intends to take charge of a mission
school, and two or three times a week to have a class
of children on exhibition—having found that even
foes are converted into admirers while witnessing the
interesting sight of the little girls learning to perform
household work, and, better than all else, enjoying
their task. The expense connected with teaching the
normal classes is very great; the materials for twen-
ty-four pupils costing ninety dollars; Miss Torrey's
expenses from Providence and back, sixty dollars;
and two hundred and twenty-five dollars for teaching
the two classes. Our treasury is almost empty, and wo
are anxiously awaiting the annual meeting, when we
hope that the renewing of annual dues will again
place us in a position to continue our work. We
trust that ultimately we will have a home of our own,
and bo able to develop tho Kitchen Garden classes
into a Training School for servants. I doubt if we
realize our ambitions as rapidly as the Cincinnati As-
sociation has. Your city not only leads the vanguard
in the arts, but all that pertains to the practical part
of life seems to flourish among you. 1 hope the fu-


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
23
ture will have as good fortune in store for us, and,
congratulating you on your success, I am,
Sincerely yours, etc.
Cincinnati.—The following account of the organiza-
tion of a Kitchen Garden in the Ninth Street Baptist
Church of Cincinnati, was sent us early in January by
.Miss Ida M. Stevens, the director:
"Earlj7 in September, it was decided by the Ninth
Street Baptist Church, that it would be well to have
a Kitchen Garden in connection with its benevolent
work this winter. Places had been found in many
households for young girls with willing hands and
feet who desired to earn their living. But through
ignorance of the commonesi details of house work,
or of caring for little children, they soon lost their
position. Having noticed the successful work of the
Kitchen Garden on Seventh Street, we decided that
it was the best way in which we could help the young
girls under our care.
For three months several of the young ladies of our
church have been meeting to study Miss Hunting-
ton's system of Küchen Gardening. We have re-
ceived liberal contributions, both of money and ma-
terial, for the support of our work.
The school will open Saturday, January 12th, in
the lecture room of the Baptist Church on Ninth
street."
On Saturday, January 19th, the school was opened,
and in spite of very unfavorable weather, twenty
children were present. Later meetings were still moro
successful in point of attendance, so that now there
are forty-five children, and seven teachers, besides a
pianist and the director. Their money has been en-
tirely voluntary contributions. Every Saturday
lunch has been furnished by a different lady, and al-
most every thing used in the school has been given
them by some one interested in the work. Even the
sexton of the church voluntarily offered to do all of
the cleaning, and assist them in any way that he
could, as his contribution to the good work.
The school is held in the basement of the church,
which gives ample space for the arrangement of tho
tables, while the range in one of the small rooms af-
fords facilities for heating water. The order of exer-
cises on Saturday is as fol lows:
1. General exercises—including singing, prayer
and talk with children.
2. Kitchen Garden Lesson.
3. Sewing.
4. March and Games, during which lunch tables
are set.
5. Lunch.
One teacher directs the setting of tables, waiting,
clearing and washing dishes, also sweeping of room.
While she is doing this the rest of tho teachers meet
together in one of the class rooms and-arrange to-
gether the lesson for the following Saturday. The
general plan of work has been founded, to a great
extent, on that of the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden,
with tho aid and suggestions of tho books published
by tho New York Association.
Miss Anna Neill, of Gcrmantown, Pa., writes of
her school: "The names of pupils on the roll of tho
Pulaskivillo Household School, number 14—teachers
4; school open on Saturdays; average age, 12, vary
from 8 to lo. Thus far the school has had no expense;
tho room is in tho Sabbath School building. The
materials were given by some of the mc'mbers of tho
First Presbyterian Church; the teachers aro volun-
tary. We have no teachers' meeting; no rooms fur-
nished for the work; school hours from ten to twelve,
a. M. No lunch served,as most of the children live
near the school. We had no Christmas celebration.
As you may imagine, the school is a very small one.
It is connected with tho Mission Sabbath School in
Pulaskivillo, and has not been in operation one year
yet.
Will you please send me the "Kitchen Garden?"
I am delighted with it. Thank you for sending tho
two numbers."
Mansfield, Ohio.—A meeting of ladies was held
at tho residence of Miss Brinkerhoff, of Mansfield,
Ohio, on January 12th, to consider the feasibility of
establishing a Kitchen Garden in that city. No ac-
tion was then taken, but the meeting, adjourned in a
hopeful mood. Information of what may be dono
will be forwarded to us, and will be given to our
readers.
Wilmington, Del.—Efforts are being made toward
starting a Kitchen Garden in this city. We are
promised full particulars for publication as soon as
the movement has become sufficiently definite, and
hope to bo able to give our readers an encouraging
account of it soon.
Uhbana, Onio.—We are informed that the plan of
establishing a Kitchen Garden, is being seriously con-
sidered by the ladies of Urbana. Wo trust that we
may be able to report substantial progress in this city
in our next issue.
We shall bo happy, at any time, to send a specimen
copy of the Kitchen Garden to any address gratis.
To Kitchen Gardens, where subscriptions are sent
in from a number of teachers at the same time, we
will make liberal club rates.


24
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
The Treasury of the Kitchen Garden has received
a very substantial addition from the proceeds of an
entertainment, given by a number of Mt. Auburn
children under the direction of Mrs. Wm. Hall. Tho
little Christmas play was so admirably presented,
the choruses so pretty, tho children themselves so
charming in their quaint, old-time Kate Greenaway
costumes, that every one was delighted, and anxious
for a repetition. An orchestra of six miniature men,
under the direction of Prof. Schnike, added much to
the completeness of a children's entertainment. Tho
play was given through kindness of tho managers in
the hall of the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum. Mrs.
Wilson, the matron, evinced her interest in the cause
in many substantial, helpful ways. The entertain-
ment netted over §94, which is a very gratifying re-
sult.
The ladies of the Kitchen Garden desire to thank
Mrs. Hall and the children for their substantial proof
of interest.
The following is a list of the participants in the
entertainment:
Louise Wright,
Charlotte Wright,
Louie Ehrmann,
Alice Griffith,
Belle Cherry,
May Jeffras,
Carrie Elliott,
Genie Lea,
Maggie Evans,
Clara Goshorn,
Lillie Smith,
Fred. Hinklo,
Stanley Kidd,
Prof. Schnike and Orchestra,
Miss Helen Hinklo,
Greta Wright,
Mary Wright,
Mary Griffith,
Lillie Middleton,
Susie White,
Lida Elliott,
Teresa Donohue,
Julia Doherty,
Lorena Goshorn,
Blanche Burkhardt,
Ella Clerihue,
Ealph Powell,
Miss Werner—Ae-
oompanist.
Prasser Burkhardt,
Mr. Abncr Frazer.
Duncan Burnet,
Nannie Lawson,
Joshua Bates,
Laura Leonard,
Kate Brockenbrough,
Mrs. Laws,
Mrs. Jacob Burnet,
The Misses Laws,
Allie Collins,
Mrs. Harry L. Laws,
Miss Agnes Clark,
Grace Menden hall,
The Misses Carlisle,
Benny Meyers,
JRalph Caldwell,
Mrs. Pounsford,
Louise Caldwell,
Blanche Pfeifer,
Miss Carroll,
Mrs. Perry,
Miss Alice Dandridge,
Miss Рeпу,
Miss Donohue,
Miss Bopes,
Miss Doanc,
Ella Smith,
Irene Dykens,
Miss Swift,
Mrs. F. Eckstein,
Mr. John Stettinius,
Mr. Epply,
Grace Seely,
The Misses Fletcher,
Helen Seely,
Miss Elsie Field,
Mrs. Dr. Robert Sattler,
Miss Goepper,
Miss S ta il wood,
Miss Edith Garrard,
Miss Urner,
Mrs. Gundy,
Mr. Warder,
Mary Harrison,
Miss Westendorf,
Miss Anna Harbeson,
Mrs. L. C. Weir,
The Misses Hagland,
Miss Wayne,
Mrs. F. G.
Huntington,
Tho following list contains the names of friends of
the Kitchen Garden, who contributed to the success
of the Christmas festival by their generous donations.
Tho Association tenders them its sincere thanks.
Miss Allen,
Pearco Atkins,
Mrs. Bradbury,
Jessie Herman,
Miss Alice Holabird,
Mlle. de Korsak,
Homes to be healthy need plenty of light,
With everything kept very cleanly and bright.
Much illness is caused by the want of pure air:
To open your windows, be ever your care.
Be sure that your floors are always well swept;
Old rubbish that's useless should never be kept.
Л bag for old papers, and another for strings,
You will find, if you keep them, are very good things.
Let no dust on your furniture ever be seen;
But keep your rooms always both tidy and clean.
The place to scratch matches, is not on the wall;
Be careful and never let burnt matches fall.
In making the bed, let it be your first care.
To throw off the bed clothes, and let them all air.
Turn the mattress each day; be sure that each sheet
Is put on the right way, that the bed may be neat.
The blankets and spread should be tucked in quite tight;
The spread very often is folded at night.
When the bed in the evening you wish to prepare,
The pillows and spread you may place on a chair.
Whatever you do, always work with a will;
Lazy folks are the ones who most often are ill.
A bright, cheerful face, and sound, perfect health,
Are treasures of much more importance than wealth.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. I. No. 4. CINCINNATI, APRIL 20, 1883. Price, lO Cents.
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIA- another room, leaving theirchairs; and returning, they
TION. formed a ring ready for the games. During the
games the pretty Easter eggs were presented, one to
Since the opening year of the Cincinnati Kitchen each child; and while singing the hasket song, in
Garden, two days have always been set apart as the which the children are formed into little groups, the
bright festival occasions of the year. The first of these pots of bright flowers were distributed-
is the Christmas celebration, occurring always on the "Now the Garden Beds are Blooming" was then
Saturday immediately preceding Christmas. On this sung and the children dismissed, each one receiving a
day all work is laid aside, and the whole morning is card and a cooky as she passed out—one being the
given up to the enjoyment of Christmas merriment and gift of a former teacher, and the other of a kind
fun. The second is the spring festival coming just friend of the Kitchen Garden. Judging by former
before Easter, on which day work is only partially experiences, the plants will prove a source of great
laid aside, half of the morning being spent with the interest to the children for some time to come,
regular lesson and occupation, and the other half de- In this number of the paper will be found a laun-
voted to general exercises, singing of spring songSj dry lesson.
games, etc. The question as to whether an attempt should bo
A short account of the manner in which this day made this season to canyon this work in somethingof
has just been celebrated in the Kitchen Garden, which a more practical manner than is possible with the small
on this occasion was a veritable garden, may not be toys, has been quite earnestly discussed by the various
uninteresting to some of our readers. The various teachers and members of the Kitchen Garden Asso-
rooms and tables were arranged as for the usual ciation; but after serious consideration, it has been
lessons of the school, with the addition of a cluster thought advisable to leave both that and cooking for
of bright flowering plants, and a basketful of varie- the beginning of next winter's work. A cooking
gated Easter eggs placed in the center of each table, class, especially, is an experiment which all are de-
Tho mantels were banked with pots of scarlet, white sirous of trying, and any ideas or suggestions from
and pink geraniums, the pretty painted walls with those who havo had experience in regard to the best
sprays of drooping flowers, the loving work of one method of carding on such a class will he most
of the former teachers of the Kitchen Garden, making gratefully received. Mrs. Willard, the author of the
a charming background. Domestic Primers, promises a cook book for beginners
After an hour and a half spent at work, the tiny to be ready shortly, from which much assistance is ex-
tablee, dishes, and beds were put away, the work peeted.
ceased in the larger apartments; the sewing was folded A very cordial invitation is again extended to all
up, and the different classes, with their teachers, who are at all interested in this work, to come and
marched into the front room, carrying with them visit the school at No. 320 W. Seventh street, on any
theirchairs. Saturday morning from half-past nine until half-past
After all were seated, the usual morning songs were twelve o'clock.
sung, and then tho children were allowed to select ♦ ..».♦«.
from the songs they knew the ones which gave them The only conquests which cause no regret are those
most pleasure. The flower and bird songs are always made over ignorance.—Napoleon I.
much enjoyed by the children, especially the bird
Bongs which are accompanied by the bird whistles. He who lives but for himself, lives but for a little
After singing for a time, the children marched into thing.—Barjaud■


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE LAUNDKY.
1. A laundry is that part of a house devoted to
the washing and ironing of clothes. The- articles
necessary to carry on this work in a private fam-
ily are a stove, boiler, bench, tubs, buckets, wash-
board, wringer, clothes basket, clothes horse, line,
clothes props, stick for stirring clothes, ironing
table, skirt board, bosom board, irons, iron stands,
iron holders, and fluting machine. A copper boiler
is considered the best, because it will not rust, but as
these boilers are very expensive, and since the clothes
are to bo put in a bag to be boiled, a tin boiler will
answer the purposo very well.
2. Monday is generally conceded to bo the best day
for washing. The selection of the day for washing
must of course depend upon the respective household
arrangements. The first thing to be done is to assort
the clothes; laying aside those that are to be soaked
over night. All white clothes, except delicate articles,
are usually soaked. Table linen ought to bo soaked
by itself—also handkerchiefs. In assorting white
clothes, put into one tub pillowslips, bolsters, shams,
shirts, collars and cuff's, dressing sacques, under-
waists, aprons, and any other articles that are to be
starched, and that are not much soiled. Into another
tub put skirts, chemises, drawers, night-gowns and
window-shades. Into the remaining tubs, sheets,
towels and stockings (if white). Some people do not
think it necessary to soak sheets or bed-room towels.
3. Clothes aro soaked to loosen the dirt and to
make them more easily washed. They should bo
soaked in lukewarm water, for if the water is hot, it
will set cither the stains or dirt.
4. In preparing to wash, light the tiro first, which
must be already laid, put on the boiler filled with
water, into which shave some soap. While the water
is heating, wring out the clothes in the same order in
which they are soaked, rinse out the tubs and partly
fill two of them with warm water. Wash the table
linen first in the two waters, then put the table linen
into a bag, which is the safest way to steep clothes.
Clothes must be put on to steep in cold water, and
from the time it is hot (not boiling) be steeped about
twenty minutes. While the table linen is steeping,
empty the first water, half fill the tub with clear cold
water, into which are dropped the clothes ready to be
rinsed (those that have been steeping), wring them
out of this water, and, lastly, rinse them through blue
water, then wring, being careful not to wring off the
buttons.
5. Tho Ыцa water is prepared by stirring the blu-
ing bag in a tub filled with clear cold water until the
water is sufficiently colored. A bluing bag is simply
a little bag with a ball of bluing in it. Instead of the
bluing bag, powdered bluing mixed with water in
a bottle is much used. Enough of this is poured into
the clear water to give it the right color.
6. Before hanging up the clothes some articles must
be starched. To make starch, take four tablespoon-
fuls of starch mixed with sufficient cold water to dis-
solve it; pour this into about two quarts of hot water,
stirring frequently. To make the starch smooth add
a teaspoonful of coarse salt and about an inch length
of candle. When the starch is ready for use strain it
through a bag made of cheese-cloth—to insure perfect
smoothness. To starch table-cloths, take a few table-
spoonfuls of the made starch, thin it with boiling
water until you have thin water starch, through
which take the table-cloths, shake them well, and
hang up on tho wrong side.
7. The line which has been stretched must be well
wiped before hanging up any article of clothing.
Clothes must be hung up on the wrong side, articles
of the same kind together, fastening two pieces with
a clothes pin. An apron with a large pocket is a
good thing for holding the pins while hanging up
the clothes. The pins keep tho clothing from being
blown off the line or curled up by the wind. To
prevent largo pieces from dragging on the ground,
clothes props are used. Copper wire is a good sub-
stitute for tho ordinary clothes line.
8. Wash, steep, rinse, and blue the remainingstarched
clothes as you did the table linen, but turn all these
clothes on the wrong side before rubbing in tho
second water. Collurs, shirts, and cuffs require to be
starched next, then skirts, window-shades, chemises,
drawers and night-gowns, bolsters, pillow slips, and
shams. These all need to bo starched in thick
starch.
9. The unstarched clothes are washed in the same
manner as the others, omitting the starch.
10. Colored stockings should be washed twice in
lukewarm suds, turning the stockings before washing
them tho second time—rinsed in clear water, thor-
oughly wrung, and immediately hung up.
11. In washing calicoes take the lightest colored
first, wash through two waters, turning the clothes
in the second rinse, then starch and hang up where
they will dry as quickly as possible. Colored clothes
that are apt to fade should be washed in cold water,
with "cold water soap," and hung in a shady place to
dry.
12. Flannels should be washed in clean hot s»ids,
with a little ammonia in the water, white flannels
first, then colored—washed in two waters, turning


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
27
them in the second, rinsed in clear water of the samé
temperature, well shaken, and hung up immediately
to dry, and ironed while still a little damp. Flannels
are often the first articles washed to insure their dry-
ing quicker, whero there is no steam dryer. Very
thin flannels, known as baby flannels, need not be
hung up—but, when well shaken, rolled tightly in a
dry towel for several hours.
13. For silks or colored articles that will fade use
"soap tree bark" for washing. Take a large handful
of the bark and put it into a bucket of water, leaving
over night. ..Next day strain the water through a
cloth—and in this strained water wash the goods
without using soap, as the bark makes the water soft
and produces sufficient lather.
14. For removing ink or rust spots—dissolve a tea-
spoonful of binoxalate of potassa (salts of lemon) in a
half teaeupful of water, and with a cloth well moisten-
ed with this solution, rub the spot until the stain dis-
appears—wash out immediately in several waters.
15. Blankets. To prevent shrinking and to retain
the original soilness of the wool, send blankets to the
blanket manufactory, where they will bo steamed and
put into the original frames. If desirous of washing
at home, wash in the same manner as flannels.
DAMPENING—FOLDING—IRONING.
1. Dampening.—Before dampening the clothes,
wash out the tubs and buckets and put them into
their places upside down, to keep them from shrink-
ing and the hoops from coming off. Dry the boiler
thoroughly or it will rust, put it in its place, as also
washboard, wringer and starch bag, after being
washed and dried. If the bluing bag or bottle is
empty, refill for next washing day. Clean the floor
and table.
2. With a bowl of clear water at your right—
dampen the starched clothes (except shirts, collars,
and cuffs) without turning, and place by themselves
atone side of clothes basket. Turn the unstarched
clothes—dampen lightly, place by themselves in
basket and coverall to keep from getting dry. All
must be tightly and smoothly rolled. The fringe of
towels and napkins is made smooth by dampening
well and shaking before ironing.
3. Folding.—Table-cloths for ironing are folded
twice lengthwise, smoothing out the selvedge.
Sheets are folded hem to hem, wrong side out, then
fold again, turning the upper hem to the under side,
which brings the hems on both sides with the right
sides out.
4. Ironing.—To prepare the laundry for ironing,
have a good fire and hot irons. It is well to have
two large irons, two medium and two small. Havo
the skirt and bosom boards ready for use—with a
blanket tightly drawn and clean ironing sheets cov-
ering th'e blankets. Covers in the shape of bags to
fit the board are easily slipped on and fastened.
On the ironing table place your iron stand, cloth to
wipe off iron, and test the heat and a wet cloth for
extra dampening. Irons are kept smooth by using
salt, bath brick, or beeswax.
5. Iron the heaviest things first, such as sheets,
towels, etc., then the table linen, starched clothes, and
handkerchiefs, leaving dresses until the last.
6. Shirts, collars, and cuffs must be again starched
in cold water starch —made by mixing one table-
spoonful of starch in a pint of cold water. This
should bo done before the regular ironing; for it
requires at least two hours before they can bo
ironed. Another way to prepare shirts for ironing—
fold them, collars and cuffs, in a wet towel, having a
fold of towel between each shirt. This dampens
them thoroughly and is said to be an excellent way.
7. In ironing a shirt, iron the sleeves first, then the
back, then the yoke and collar band next the bosom,
being careful to put it on the board straight and
even.
8. To iron a table cloth—fold it once, iron both
sides, fold again lengthwise, then in half, and so on
until you havo a convenient size.
9. Sheets are ironed on two sides only—then
folded until you have a square with the hem on the
outside.
10. Napkins are ironed on both sides, folded hem
to hem, right side out, being careful to match the
corners—then in half, hem up, then in half again, so
that the corners will be on the outside, making a
square.
11. As the clothes are ironed, they are carefully
folded and hung on the clothes horse, being folded
still smaller when put in the basket ready to put
away.
12. When the ironing is done, the skirt and bosom
boards are put away in calico bags, while the ironing
sheets are folded smoothly and laid in a clean place.
The fluting machine and irons must be kept in a dry
place. Before leaving the laundry see that it is in
perfect order—clean out the stove and lay the fire for
next washing day—the laundry closet, windows, and
the polishing of the stove to be done at convenient
and regular times.
13. Table linen, sheets, and towels are often mangled,
and many prefer this method.


28
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Mrs. Herbert Jenny. President. | Miss Edith Perry. Secretary.
Mme Annie Laws, Vice-President, I Mrs. N. A. Jkkfkas, Treusurcr.
S&'Subseription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, Тue
KiïcuEN Garben, P. O. fíox, 1158, Cincinnati, О.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office. Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, A PEIL 20, 1884.
The fact has often been remarked that while, in
our large cities and towns, there are many women
and girls daily turned away who aro seeking petty
clerkships, or positions in shops and factories, yet the
demand for good, reliable household servants is
largely unsupplied, and is frequently a crying need.
Many have accounted for this in the fact that
"women's work is never done," and that a young
woman had rather do her day's work, of a certain
number of hours, and then have her time at her own
disposal, than to accept an otherwise desirable situa-
tion, where the hours of work are not limited, and
only defined by the amount of work to be done.
This may, in part, explain the case. And yet there
must be something radically wrong in it. For the
same persons who use this argument will doubtless
admit that domestic work must be done, and that it
is of such a nature that it can best be dono by women
—that it seems, naturally, to bo theirs.
Is it not because comparatively few women are
properly prepared for such work, and really know
how to do it? Yet who can doubt that a considera-
bly greater store of knowledge, and larger develop-
ment of judgment, skill, and foresight are required
to do the work of a cook, or housemaid, in the best
way, than to perform the duties of the average shop
or factory girl, or of an under clerkship? We gener-
ally do well what we love to do; and, conversely,
we love to do what we do well. And herein, we
think, lies the promise of success in the work of the
Kitchen Garden: to fix the love of doing house-
hold work well upon young girls. It is almost hope-
less to attempt the reformation of adult habits or the
education of the ignorant adult mind. It is on the
sensitive and plastic natures of children that tastes
must be ingrafted and habits impressed which shall
be powerful and lasting through life.
If the Kitchen Garden method of training shall
succeed in producing young women who are impressed
with the truth that their work as domestic servants
is honorable and dignified, and preeminently useful,
and that it is not of necessity more disagreeable than
is any other branch of employment which is open to
them, and who have sufficient dexterity, judgment,
and pride in their work to execute it well, then, most
decidedly, will its work not have been in vain.
We are again enabled to print information received
from a goodly number of Kitchen Gardens, through
the kindness of our correspondents, whoso letters
have come in promptly and, for the most part, spon-
taneously. This is as it should be. After all, experi-
ence is the great teacher, and many mistakes might
be avoided and many improvements anticipated if we
could but know what things have been done or un-
done by others in a like position to ours. Let us
have the benefit of your experience.
ERRATA.
Two errors occurred in the " Bed-room and General
Cleaning" lesson, in our last issue, which we desire
to correct. On page 22, lines 10 and 11, instead of
"boiled paper, muslin cloths," read "boiled paper-
muslin cloths." In the same column, line 15 from
the bottom, for "warm water" read "cold water."
The cvery-day cares and duties, which men call
drudgery, are the weights and counterpoises of the
clock of time, giving its pendulum a true vibration,
and its hands a regular motion.—Longfellow.
He who waits to do a great deal of good at once
will never do any thing.— Samuel Johnson.
The greatest of faults, I should say, is to bo con-
scious of none.— Carlyle.
The house shows the owner.
In a good house all is quickly ready.
A cheerful look makes a dish a feast.
Working and making a fire doth discretion re-
quire. —George Herbert.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
29
CORRESPONDENCE.
Philadelphia, Penn., April 2nd, 1884.
To the Editor of the Kitchen Garden:
At your request, I will give you a short account of
the Kitchen Garden work here. Wo first started in
Bethany S. S. Building, in November, 1880, with
twenty-four children (their ages ranging from about
eight to thirteen), five teachers, ami a pianist. During
that winter the teachers had several meetings to con-
sult about the lessons; for, while we followed Miss
Huntington's system entirely, it was deemed necessary
to have a complete knowledge of the lessons before
endeavoring to impart it to the children. The class
met Saturday mornings, from 10:30 to 12.
On Thursday evening, February 17th, 1881, we had
the first review of the class, from the "Wood lesson"
to the "Dinner lesson." In the latter, however, in-
stead of each child having a tiny dinner set, we had
one large set—a host, hostess, ten guests, and two
waitresses. Every one who was present seemed
thoroughly delighted with the entertainment. And
we were more than delighted; for, from the proceeds,
we were able to pay for all the toys, and all other nec-
essary expenses. We still continued the lessons, and
December 29th, 1881, we had another review. We
then bought a piano, and the remainder of the pro-
ceeds was given to the church.
We then formed a new class; and, Thursday,
March 27th, 1884, they had their exhibition, which
(as the previous ones had been) was a great success—
the building, which has a seating capacity for 3.000,
being completely filled, and many were not able to
obtain seats. All of the reports have not been made
yet, so we can not tell how much was realized ; but the
entire proceeds are for the Presbyterian Orphanage.
After each entertainment, the children were given
ice-cream and cake; but at no other time did we
furnish lunch.
Yon ask how this work is supported. The services
are all given voluntarily; and, you perceive, the work
has been a success.
Thero is a class at the Orphanage, in which I am
very much interested. It is composed of twenty-two
of the oldest girls in the Home, their ages being from
eight to thirteen. They are instructed by a commit-
tee, composed of six young ladies. The Matrons
there seem very much pleased with the system, and
say that it has been of great benefit to them.
Next winter we, the people of Bethany, hope to
extend the system -into Industrial Institutions for
children who could not otherwiso obtain the benefit of
this, to us, delightful work.
1 was very much pleased with the papers you sent
and received very valuable information from them.
Yours most respectfully,
Minta B. Swing.
To the Editor of the Kitchen Garden:
During my recent visit to Washington, I succeeded,
after much effort, in finding two of the Charity In-
dustrial Schools. I quite agree with your Boston cor-
respondent, that many such institutions are difficult to
find. They are usually private charities, not adver-
tised in the daily papers, nor included in the City Di-
rectory. While driving one day, I noticed, on a rather
dilapidated, old, yellow building, a sign which read:
"Metropolitan Industrial School." Upon entering, I
found it to bo an Industrial School, though with no
attempt at Kitchen-Garden Systems. It is carried on
largely by the ladies of the Methodist Church. There
are two sessions every day, and both boys and girls
are included in the pupils. The mornings are devoted
to lessons in the ordinary branches of reading, writing,
spelling, and arithmetic, and somo oral instruction in
geography and history. The classes are held in two
school rooms—one on the first and one on the second
floor. A em: 11 back room, on the first floor, is used
for both kitchen and dining-room, and here two or
three girls each day receivo instruction, from the
Matron, in preparing a hot lunch for the rest of the
pupils, and assist, as much as possible, in the real
work. Ono largo table, capable of seating about a
dozen children, was all they could have in the space
allowed for the dining-room half of the room: so,
when one set of children had finished eating, another
took their places.
More attention seemed to bo paid to the effort to
supply these hungry children with a good meal than
to train them to do the kitchen work. Setting the
table did not take long, as the furnishings were few.
The girls pealed the potatoes, prepared the other
vegetables for soup, and washed the dishes.
The principal teacher, Miss Weeks, very kindly
showed me the arrangements that were being made
in the second story, to give practical lessons in bed-
room work. Two small sleeping-rooms had been
partitioned off the largo school-room, for the use of
the teachers, and the older girls were to be taught to
take care of them.
During the afternoon session, the girls have lessons
in sewing, knitting, crocheting, and various kinds of
fancy work. The articles made are either sold or dis-
tributed among those having the best record of at-
tendance.
One other industry has been introduced, which the


30
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
ladies hope to m;ike profitable at once. This is, the
making of straw hats for girls and boys. While I was
at the school, a lady who had some experience in
the work, was superintending tho finishing of two
hats which had been made entirely by the pupils.
The straw is imported from Canada, and the girls do
tho braiding, sewing, and shaping themselves.
The other school that I visited, I unfortunately did
not find in operation; though tho lady in charge gave
me some account of what they were doing. It was a
Mission for the Freodmen, under the auspices of tho
American Missionary Association; and, in the samo
building, were carried on a church, Sunday-school,
day-school, Kindergarten, day nursery, sewing classes
for both women and children, and the beginning of a
Kitchen Garden.
Lack of funds had prevented them from employing
Miss Torry to instruct a class of teachers; but, while
staying in New York, Mrs. B. visited the different
Kitchen Gardens there, secured the various books on
the subject, purchased the outfit needed for the
dining-room lesson, which she brought to Washington,
and had made a start. She hoped to carry out the other
lessons by the aid of various toys that had been do-
nated -to the nursery, and showed mo how she had
taken up the fire-making lesson, with two little stoves
which she used for the purpose.
Sho said that sho found the littlo colored girls very
apt scholars, and hoped her effort might grow into a
real Kitchen Garden. E. C. P.
To the Editor of the Kitchen Garden:
Your note and three numbers of '' Kitchen Garden"
are received. I am fully in sympathy with your
methods as set forth in this most practical little sheet.
1 inclose my subscription for two copies for one year.
Our own " Little Housekeepers " classes have not been
in session since last July. We prefer to do our
work in the spring and summer, especially during
vacation of the public schools, when our girls are
taught the use of tools (carpentry), domestic work in
all its branches, embroidery, knitting, and the cutting
and making of such useful articles as they do not find
time to make in the public school. Sewing is taught
so perfectly in the Winthrop School, Mr. .Robert
Swan, Principal, that the girls are quite ready for
embroidery or any fancy sewing we choose to give
them during vacation. Our reason for not using the
name Kitchen Garden is, first, that it is not expressive
of the work done, and, secondly, because we do not
follow Miss Huntington's methods, and, therefore,
feel that we have no right to her name. As soon as
our work is reorganized, I shall have much pleasure
in sending you an account of it for your paper if you
should care to publish it. With this I send a report
of the "Roxbury Little Housekeepers' Class" that
you can use, if advisable. I hope, at least, you will
make extracts from it.
Miss Jennie L. Motley, Jamaica Plains, Mass., hae
had chargo of the "Trinity House Class" since its
organization. The ladies interested give their ser-
vices. They have had a cooking school in connection
with this.
Begging your pardon for this hurried letter, believe
mo, most sincerely yours,
Amy Morris Homans.
26 Berwick Park, Boston, April 1, 1884.
The following is the report mentioned in Miss
Homaus' letter:
I have been asked to give some account of the
"Littlo Housekeepers' Class," which has been held in
Roxbury, Mass., for tho past two winters, and though
it is, no doubt, like many others in tho main, there
may be some difference in the methods of teaching,
which may be of interest to those engaged in similar
work.
Our work has been done quietly, attracting littlo
attention from outsiders, but that we have been repaid
is proved by the fact that after the close of the session
last season we received many messages, and even
notes of thanks from tho mothers of the children.
This year, on the Saturday before the close of the
school, the parents of tho children were invited to
visit us, and all expressed much satisfaction, and
spoke feelingly of their gratitude to tho teachers.
We have discarded the name of "Kitchen Garden"
for the more definite one of "Little Housekeepers'
Class," for we do not attempt as much work as many
of the Kitchen Gardens throughout the country. We
leave all outside work to the excellent system of the
Associated Charities and the Industrial Homes. Our
main principle has been to teach the love of cleanli-
ness, neatness, and order, with such moral influence
as is obtained by association beyond the alleys and
by-ways of the city, and to teach the rudiments of
housekeeping in the right way. Wo have had no
teachers trained by any Kitchen Garden Association,
but have relied -on our own common sense; and that
there might bo but one system, we have used, making
a few alterations, Mrs. Willard's " Primers." Wo have
introduced stoves for the fire lesson, and toilet sets for
the chamber lesson ; otherwise, the toys are very much
like those in use by other associations.
We opened in the autumn of 1882, with a class
of twenty-four children, ranging from ten to fourteen


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
31
years of age, and during the following winter we had
an average attendance of about twenty. The class
was taught, by one teacher, who, however, had tho
assistance of four ladies, beside the pianist.
We were encouraged to renew the work the fol-
lowing season, and the school was again opened in
October, 1883, though on a somewhat different scale.
A Principal, pianist, and eight teachers formed the
corps this season, and the school was divided into
eight classes, each teacher having tho charge of six
children at a small table.
We have had the use of a chapel, and tho session
was held for two hours on Saturday mornings. The
teachers in charge of the dressing-room saw that each
child had clean face and hands and were as tidy as
süch children can be, and those in charge of tho closet,
where the articles for use are kept, were helped by
two of the children, who were thus taught how neces-
sary it was to have •' a place for every thing and every
thing in its place."
The children marched into the hall punctually at
half-past nine, and after taking their places and some
singing, the roll was called. A scholar absent for two
successive Saturdays, without excuse, forfeited her
place. Though with accommodations for only forty-
eight, our number has not been limited, for with sick-
ness, rainy weather, and " helping mother tend baby,"
there were always vacancies. Ninety names were
entered on the list, and of these fifty-three stayed by
us. Of the others, some dropped off, as the distance
from their homes was too great, and somo for various
causes. The average attendance has been about thir-
ty-eight.
After roll-call, each class attended to the lesson of
the day for one-half to three-quarters of an hour, after
which the Principal asked questions ab »ut the same,
and the occupation was done by the whole school—all
ringing at the same time as working. Back lessons
were reviewed each Saturday.
Visitors were allowed at all times; but they had to
take us as they found us, and the work went on un-
interruptedly.
Wo had no Christmas celebration; for experience
in other work has taught us that many children come
for what they can get; and it has been the aim of our
school to have a higher standard, and to teach the
children the love of seeking a better knowledge of
every-day household work, without compensation. It
seemed hard, when other associations were providing
Christmas-trees and feasts, not to have one of our own;
but wo did not let our hearts run away with our
heads; and the teachers who wanted to make the
homes of the destitute a little brighter were encour-
aged to take any offerings they had to the homes
themselves.
That our-work has again proved successful, we
think, was shown at the exhibition which took place
March 29th. There was no coaching, or special prep-
aration. We invited a few Iriends, merely to see what
the children had been doing; and the exhibition con-
sisted in simply going through, in regular order, every
lesson from the beginning of " how to build a fire" to
"washing and ironing." At the elo-se, we gavo the
children asimple entertainment of ice-cream and cake.
We hope to renew the work next autumn..
Annie II. Thwing.
Columbus, Ohio, April 3rd, 1884.
On December 3rd, 1883, the first free Kitchen Gar-
den was opened in this city, and in connection with it
a free Kindergarten for the little ones under seven or
eight years of age. Mrs. C. D. Firestone, who had
been deeply interested in this work, as conducted in
Cleveland, was the very efficient and generous leader
of the enterprise, providing, at her own expense, a
large part of the necessary outfit, and attending per-
sonally to the details of the work. A few weeks later
a " Kitchen Garden Association " was formally organ-
ized by the choice of a President and Vice-President.
Secretary and Treasurer, and an executive board of
nine ladies, the organization representing eleven of
tho churches of the city. A teacher was procured
whose services were largely gratuitous, and five young
ladies volunteered their aid as assistants. The Kinder-
garten was heid from two to four daily, and the
Kitchen Garden from 4:30 to 5 30. It was thought
best after a time to discontinue the Kitchen Garden
on Tuesdays and Thursdays, as many of tho children
found it difficult to be present every day. The inter-
est manifested by the children and the progress made
are very encouraging to the teachers.
About March 1st the classes were removed to a
more commodious apartment, and the attendance was
increased to an average of forty-three in the Kitchen
Garden and about twenty-five in tho Kindergarten.
The enterprise has attracted the attention and re-
ceived the commendation of many among our most
benevolent and publie-spirited citizens. and has thus
far received pecuniary assistance sufficient to warrant
the hope that it may become one of our permanent
institutions. P. A. Crafts,
Secretary.
CniCAGo, March 22nd, 1884.
To the Editors of the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden;
Some friend has just sent me a copy of the Feb-


32
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
ruary number of the "Kitchen Garden." I am
much pleased with the little paper. Will you please
send me the past numbers for the present year.
I have long been greatly interested in all efforts to
instruct little girls in domestic work.
1 have for many years been a teacher in our city
industrial schools, and while thus engaged I con-
ceived the idea of putting into permanent form some
of the oral instructions which I was giving in my
own school.
With this object in view I set to writ ing my primers
of Domestic Science. The two already published are
in use in many schools, and I see you are using them
in your city. I am now writing the third one of the
series on cooking. I hope to have it ready for use
by the beginning of September next.
This primer will be prepared especially for the use
of cooking schools, being a first book upon the sub-
ject, fitted for the youngest learners.
I will see that you have copies sent yon of the
book just as soon as it is out. Very truly,
Harriet J. Willard.
THE COLORED KITCUEX GARDEN OF
CINCINNATI.
• A Kitchen Garden was started in connection with
the Cincinnati Colored Orphan Asylum, at Avon-
dale, in the summer of 188:2, under the direction of
Miss Consuelo Clark. So much interest was mani-
fested that an Association was soon formed, funds to
support the school accumulated. furniture and appa-
ratus bought, and all the machinery of the school put
in running order. The funds in all amounted to
§144.96,collected from various sources, chiefly through
a fair and lunch held in the Asylum rooms.
During the years of 1882-3 good work was done.
Great improvement was made in sewing. and in other
things the pupils did well. The class consisted of
twenty-five,all of whom were inmates of the Orphan
Asylum, the boys evincing an interest and aptitude
in the work equal to that of the girls.
The school did not continue during the whole of
last summer, owing to various causes, among which
was the extreme distance of the Asylum from the
cily, where all the teachers resided; and the difficulty
of going to and fro occasioned irregularity in attend-
ance on the part of the teachers. A difficulty also
arose in adjusting the operations of the Kitchen Gar-
den with those of the internal management of the
Asylum, and it was deemed best to suspend opera-
tions. Another drawback was the absence from the
city of Miss Clark, who has been in Boston pursuing
her medical studies, where she was tendered an
appointment as teacher in one of the Kitchen Gar-
dens of that city, but which more pressing duties
obliged her to decline.
The ladies at the head of the organization do not
consider the school as dead, but simply halted until a
new field can bo found for its activity. The Kitchen
Garden material at the Asylum will be used in any
school which the Association may establish in the
city.
The officers of the Association are: Miss Consuelo
Clark, President; Miss Lottie Williams, Vice-Presi-
dent; Mrs. Kate Easton, Secretary; Mrs. Daphne
Lewis, Treasurer.
There is also a Board of Managers, of which Mrs.
Arabella G. Russell is Chairman. The meetings of
the Association are annual; of the lady managers,
weekly. The teachers are: Misses Lottie Williams,
Maria Roxburough, Adina White, and Dovie King.
BOB ЛУН ITU.
AD.Yl'TED FROM MRS. WILLARIl's "MURKY SONGS AND OAMKS."
1.
In the brandies overhead,
There you see Liin swinging
'31 id the clover white and red,
Hear h'nn gaily singing.
Bob White, Bob White— [Whistled.]
Hear him calling in the meadow;
Bob White, Hob White— [Whistled.]
Calling to his mate.
2.
What docs little birdie see?
What has set him calling?
Pcrched so high up in the tree,
I'd be afraid of falling.
Bob White, Bob White— [Whistled.]
Hear him calling in the meadow;
Bob White, Bob White— [Whistled ]
Calling to his mate.
¡1.
Ni w he whistles from the fence,
In the orchard yonder;
In the name of common sense,
What he wants I wonder.
Bob White, Bob White— [Whistled.]
Hear him calling in the meadow;
Bob White, Bob White— [Whistled ]
Calling to his mate.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. I. No. 5.
CINCINNATI, JUNE 20, 1884.
Priée, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO-
CIATION.
The regular work of the Cincinnati Kitchen Gar-
den closed on the last Saturday in May. It was de-
cided that. as visitors are always cordially welcomed
at all times during the hours that the school is in ses-
sion, thus giving those who aro interested an oppor-
tuniiy of informing themselves in regard to the de-
tails of the work, no attempt should be made at an
exhibition or arrangement of closing exercises.
During the course of the morning, however, several
ladies visited the school, some of them for the first
time, and all expressed surprise and pleasure at see-
ing work so well done by children so young.
The teacher in chargo of the bedroom gave in-
structions to her class that she wished that room put
in complete order during her absence, whilo she
visited one of the other departments. The children
thus left to themselves divided the work, which they
had dono under the teacher's direction in former
lessons, and soon all were busily engaged.
The floor was swept, the furniture nicely dusted,
pi:'Is of water were carefully placed on pieces of en-
amel cloth, in front of window and wash-stand, and
while two little girls, armed with cloths and chamois,
proceeded to polish the window-frames, another
washed and arranged the toilet articles on the wash-
siand.
A wardrobe was transformed into a comfortable
looking bed, which was nicely made up by two neat
little house-maids in long clean aprons, who showed
the greatest anxiety to have creases and hems run the
right way, and to have the bed as "level, smooth,
and square" as possible. A rug almost covering the
floor was shaken outside and then laid down, and
after the chairs were placed in order, and the little
finishing touches given in the arrangement of bureau
cover, pincushion, toilet articles, mirror, pictures, and
ornaments, the room presented quite an attractive
appearance.
The children looked pleased and happy when the
visitors, as well as teacher, bestowed a word of
commendation on their labors. During the cold
weather a lesson was also given in this room on
cleaning hearth and grate and laying the fire, the
children, to their great delight, being occasionally
allowed to light the fire and watch the clear, bright
flames sparkling up, giving evidence that the fire
was carefully and rightly made.
In the dining-room deft little handmaidens cleaned
and arranged the room, set the table for six persons,
and several of the visitors were then invited to
partake of an imaginary dinner, two of the teachers
taking the places of host and hostess.
Three courses were served by the little waitresses,
and the guests enjoyed all of the delicacies of the
season, according to the extent of each one's imag-
ination.
The visitors seemed to enjoy playing at dinner
party as much as the children, and conducted them-
selves with the greatest decorum, one lady only
asking in an aside if she might be allowed to smile
occasionally as the different dishes were passed to
her from which she was to serve herself.
It was suggested by one of the ladies that these
imaginary dinners might be of as much service to
the visitors as to the children. AVe might add, they
would also be of great benefit to tho teachers if all
visitors would as kindly criticise and suggest little
alterations and improvements that might be made in
the work, as some few have done. We know that
errors may, and occasionally do, creep into the
methods of carrying on this sort of work, and that in
the various details we are as yet very far from perfec-
tion; but we do not shun criticism—on the contrary,
are only too glad to receive it, especially when given in
a kindly spirit. . We would suggest, however, that it
is better not to interrupt a teacher in the midst of a
lesson for the purpose of making suggestions or ask-
ing questions, but to wait either until the lesson is
concluded or send them to her afterward. Wo always
have in the school ono person whose duty it is to re-
ceive visitors, answer all questions, and receive sug-


34
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
gestions, thus leaving the teachers at liberty to go on
uninterruptedly with their work.
The following Saturday, June 7th, was devoted to
finishing work, sorting boxes, packing away material
for further use, and to a sort of general house clean-
ing of the wardrobes, closets, drawers, etc., in which
the various articles in use by the school are kept.
The sowing was inspected by the teachers in charge
of that department, and each child's work given her
to take home. The school was dismissed early, to
enable the teachers to make arrangements for a
picnic to be given the children the next Saturday, an
account of which will be found elsewhero in the
paper.
In closing another season's work, it may bo inter-
esting to know something of the numbers and attend-
ance of the children during the past winter.
The school opened November 4th with sixty-one
children, varying in age from six to fifteen years.
Of this number, forty remained during the entire
winter, four of whom did not lose one single Saturday,
and four but one Saturday. The entire number en-
rolled during the winter was 108, of which number 89
were present a month and more. The average
age is eleven years. There have been but four
younger than eight, and but fifteen older than twelve
years of ago. The school has not been confined to
any one locality, but children have come from all
parts of the city—Front, Water, Broadway, Pearl,
Third, Sycamoro streets, and the -extreme East End
being represented, as well as Bremen, Wade, Char-
lotte, Adams streets, and the extreme West End.
Many children como from a great distance, but,
alter once entering the school, they seem to feel it a
great deprivation when obliged to remain away.
On the closing day the number present was sixty-
three.
Some change will be made in the location of the
school for the coming year, and the Association hopes
to be able to secure several rooms for the exclusive
use of the Kitchen Garden, thus enabling the teach-
ers to carry on the work with greater easo and to
much better advantage.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Chicago, April 23n7, 1884.
To Ihe Kitchen Garden;
In starting an industrial school, the first question
is, How shall we procure the pupils?
Usually some notice is given of the opening of the
school, with an invitation to pupils to attend. A few
come the first day; and these are requested at the
close to invite others to come to the next meeting.
The result is that at last a sufficient number is ob-
tained, but without any special selection; and there
is apt to be great irregularity of attendance.
I wish to suggest to your readers a different plan,
which I once tried in organizing a charity school of
this sort.
1 went to the principal of a primary public school
in the neighborhood in which I wished to open the
industrial school, and asked her for the names and
address of such little girls as she thought would be
specially benefited by our school. After a littlo
consideration of the object of our work, and the class
of pupils who would derive the most benefit from our
instruction, she gave me the names of as many girls
as we needed for our class. A special invitation was
written for each girl, and on the next Saturday nearly
every one invited was present at our school.
If the teacher can possibly do so, it is well to call
on each girl to be invited at her home, and thus
make acquaintance with the mother and enlist her
interest in the school. It is well carefully to explain
the object of the school and the desirability of regu-
lar attendance- liy this method 1 have been able to
secure a good class of pupils and have regular at-
tendance.
I think that much good work may bo wasted by
attempting to teach a class of indifferent pupils, who
may, for the slightest pretext, be absent from the
school. In Kitchen Garden work it is quite im-
possible to do satisfactory work without regular at-
tendance.
It seems very desirable to make some choice in the
selection of pupils. Of course all little girls will be
benefited by a course of Kitchen Garden training;
but at present it is quito impossible to give nil the
benefit of the training. So it would seem best to se-
lect thoso who are most likely to be obliged to do
housework, either in their own homes or out at service.
If the girl is never'called upon to practice the lessons
which she has learned at the Kitchen Garden, she
will soon entirely forget them, and thus the work of
teaching her is lost. H. J. W.
Cincinnati, June lOiA, 1884.
Of course, when visiting a large city, one naturally
seeks the things that especially interest him, and so,
in a late visit to Philadelphia, one of the first objects
of interest was the Kitchen Garden. A prolonged in-
vestigation followed, which resulted in the dis-
appointing fact that it had been closed for a month.
However, I had some conversation with a young lady
who had been engaged in the work during the past


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
35
winter, and who was evidently much interested.
This school is under the care of ladies connected with
the Bethany Church and Sunday school. I was
told that they gave three entertainments during the
winter; the first one to pay for their furniture, oc-
cupancy, etc., the money for which had been ad-
vanced; the other two for missions. In each case the
results were very satisfactory as to large audiences,
and a goodly return of money. I will add here that
I met several ladies who had witnessed these enter-
tainments, and were much delighted with the manner
in which the children went through their occupations,
games, songs, etc—every thing being done with that
mechanical precision that marks the pupils who are
trained by the New York Manual.
The next thing thought of was the Cooking School.
This, too, had been closed for several weeks, but I
had a pleasant talk with Mrs. Morer, who gives the
lessons, and whom I found to be much engrossed in
her work. All the lessons were closed at the time,
oxcepting a class in one of the most degraded parts
of the city, on Alaska street, under the care of the
Bedford Mission, which she taught each Tuesday
night, taking a class of eight girls at a time. These
girls worked all day at sewing, in factories and else-
where, at poor pay. Several who were in her class
were obliged to work until two or throe in the morn-
ing to make up the time lost in these lessons. "Poor,
forlorn girls," she said, " who longed for a better posi-
tion, a higher outlook, and thought they might fit
themselves for cooks, and thus receive better pay, or,
at least, something more like a home." Her heart bled
for them, she said. First of all she talked to them of
neatness and cleanliness; they laughed at her white
apron, and thought there was no use in being clean
when they were only going to be in the kitchen. She
talked to them about meats: the best kinds for them
to purchase for soups, stews, etc.; also, of course, the
cheapest. She taught them how to prepare all kinds
of plain soups, and, after the meat, the milk soups.
Next. how to prepare vegetables, and then the sim-
plest puddings. Here she told of one made of bread
and milk, sweetened slightly, with a dash of cinnamon
besides, the whole beaten until very light. This,
when baked, came out so light and delicate that they
were amazed. Subsequently, two of the girls came in
a pleased, ashamed sort of way, to tell her that they
had risen very early one morning, and made this
pudding, and also cold potatoes made into croquettes,
and that "Jake said it was the best meal he had ever
had." She also taught them about preparing the
grains—oat-meal, rice, etc. All that this good lady
said was practical and exceedingly interesting. It
was a great regret that I was unable to attend this
class.
The next and last charity that I had time to in-
quire about was the Day Nursery. on Sixteenth
street. There are several others, I believe, but this
was the only one I could visit. This is called the
J. D. Kent Nureery, and was established in memory
of a beloved sister by her brother. A house of two
and a half stories, was bought on Sixteenth street,
and plainly, yet comfortably, fitted up for its pur-
poses. The rooms are very light and airy. It accom-
modates about twenty children, I believe. In one
room there were five babies, in their cradles, sleeping
peacefully. In the center of this room was a little
table with four low seats, two on each side, and divis-
ions between. The children of one and a half to two
years old could there play safely, and eat their lunch
of bread and milk, and the girl in charge, if obliged
to leave the room, had no fear of their falling down
stairs, or receiving injuries. Another large room, for
older children, was full of games and toys. Near the
door in the hall hung a row of bags, into which each
child's garments were put as soon as they were en-
tered in the morniflg.
Philadelphia has many noble charities, the out-
growth of sympathy, the expressions of love and
thought for the thousands who have so little. To enter
into any of this work is to constantly progress in love
and thoughtfulness for those poorer neighbors of ours.
To desire to help is one step in this direction, and the
next should be an expression of that wish by joining
hands with some of the many workers. Can any one
pass the great factories hero, at the time of opening or
closing, and see the masses of young girls pouring
into the streets, rudely jostlod by young men and
boys, as one of themselves; their young faces hard-
ened, and often bold; their loud speech, their coarso
laugh—can any one see these things, and not long to
replace the work with something more womanly?
M. E. J.
A large bundle of summer clothing has been re-
ceived from Mrs. Eckstein.
We are always grateful for the warm clothing, and
especially for shoes that are sent to us, and endeavor
to distribute them to the best advantage among the
most needy.
Things done well,
And with a care, exempt themselves from fear.
Duty never yet did want his meed.
—-Shakspere.


3(5
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Mrs. Herbert Jrnny. President. I Miss F.niTii Perry, Secretary.
Miss Annie Laws, Vice-President, | Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Treasurer.
BaSfSubscrilition price, fifty cenia per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. 0. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O. ]
CINCINNATI, JUNE 20, 1884.
With our next issue the prosent experimental vol-
ume will close. "While we can not deny that we feel
some sort of satisfaction in what has been dono, so
far; neither can we pique ourselves on any extraor-
dinary achievement in a field of journalism so
unique. We havo simply tried to print a paper
which should, if possible, bo a practical means of
assisting to spread what we believo to be a good
work, and one worth furthering. How well we have
succeeded is not for us to judge. We look to our
readers for an answer to the question, "Shall we go
on with a second volume?" If you vote "Aye,"
please forward your subscription for next year some-
time before the first of next September, and let it be
accompanied by at least one other new one. You
will thus further our work directly and indirectly.
You will furnish us with the means of continuing it,
and at the same time increase its usefulness by in-
creasing the number whom it will reach.
The Kitchen Garden is in no sense a "specula-
tion." All we desire is a sufficient patronage to se-
cure us against financial loss. Whenever our receipts
from subscriptions exceed the cost of producing the
paper we shall either increase its size, or frequency
of issue, or lower our subscription price—if possible,
all three.
In our present issue will be found a lesson on The
Kitchen. In our next, the present series will -close
with The Nursery. The general spirit of these, and
all the preceding lessons, has been the same—to de-
scribe the essential things to be done in each depart-
ment; the best manner of doing them; and to state
the best order in which to do them. We do not flat-
ter ourselves that we have always been perfect in
either of these three points, for it is only out of a full-
ness of knowledge and experience that even approxi-
mate perfection can come. Besides, there is, in many
cases, room for difference of opinion.
If any of our readers entertain views at variance
with thoso set forth in the lessons, and will kindly
give us the benefit of them, wo will consider their
criticism thankfully, and as suggestions accumulate,
we will, whenever necessary, revise and republish
these lessons.
In spite of clouds and a few showers, which threat-
ened at first to seriously interfere with pleasure, the
Kitchen Garden picnic on June 14th was a great
success in every way.
Miss Elsie Field had extended an invitation to the
school to hold the picnic at her former residence at
Clifton Heights, and the spacious house with its
wide piazza was thrown open to receive the guests
when they arrived. The lovely grounds, which had
been somewhat protected by the wide-spreading old
trees, were placed at the disposal of the children,
who romped in the barn, rolled down the hills, swung
in hammocks and swings, played croquet, tossed
balls and bean bags, made wreathes of clover and
syringa blossoms, and enjoyed themselves to the
greatest extent. A bountiful lunch was supplied by
kind friends, and in the afternoon this was supple-
mented by tin unexpected treat of ice-cream, lemon-
ade, and candy. Toward the close of the day the
children were gathered together and sang a few
parting songs, and when the crowds finally filed down
the hill to the cars which were to transport them
back to the city, a more tired but a happier lot of
children could not be found anywhere.
The following are a few of tho kind friends who
assisted in supplying the wants and in making the
day pleasant:
Miss Allen, Mrs. Jeffras,
Miss Donohue, Miss Jeffras,
Mr. Donohue, Mrs. Laws.
Miss Jessie Dodd, The Misses Laws,
Miss Fithian, Miss Perry,
The Misses Fletcher, Miss Swift,
The Misses Field, Miss Stewart,
Miss Goepper, Miss Stanwood,
Mr. Goepper, Mrs. Westendorf,
Miss Hough, Miss Westendorf.
Mrs. L. C. Weir, Miss Wayno,
Mrs. Dr. E. Wilfiams,


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
37
THE KITCHEN".
DAILY CARE OP THE KITCHEN.
The kindling, paper, and coal for kitchen fire must
be made ready in the afternoon for the next d»j-'s
fire. In the morning, the stove or range should be
emptied of all dust and ashes—partially burned coal
put by to be again used—firo laid as before directed
in the lesson on Bedroom and General Cleaning (p. 21).
When the fire is lighted, and while the range and
waterare heating, the kitchen should be lightly dusted
and the breakfast prepared. After breakfast the
washing of the cooking utensils must be attended to.
Have a dish-pan of hot water ready, and make suds
by stirring soap on a fork in the water ; also have a pan
of clear hot water for rinsing. Wash first, all dishes
used for mixing of cooking; then spoons and knives
used in kitchen. The knives should be scoured with
bath-brick. Tins used for milk should be carefully
washed and scalded, wiped dry, and set by the fire or
in the sun. As soon as the food is taken out of cook-
ing vessels, fill them with water to soak. For iron
pots use a large, good dish-cloth, kept for this use, or
a linked metal scourer. A little washing-soda is help-
ful in the washing of cooking utensils. For the out-
side of pots and skillets use a little scrubbing brush,
kept for this use.
Tins should be washed in hot suds as soon as possi-
ble after using; once a week they should be rubbed
with soap and sand, or sapolio, to keep them bright;
to prevent rusting they must be thoroughly dried.
Wooden ware is kept white by washing with cold
water and sand.
If iron utensils are burnt, discolored, or greasy, a
little soda in water will clean them.
After these dishes are washed, brush off the range,
rub it with stove-polish if greasy, shake the pieces of
carpet, sweep the floor, dust the furniture, and tin-
ware, if hanging on the wall.
The sink must be washed with soap or soda and a
stiff brush after each meal; any refuse left in the sink
after washing dishes or pots, should be removed at
once, and not be allowed to get into the waste-pipe.
This needs constant aitention.
Dish-towels should be washed in hot suds every
day, and thoroughly boiled twice a week.
Pine kitchen tables should be scrubbed with cold
water and sand in the direction of the grain of the
wood. If of hard wood, do not use sand.
Plates upon which pies or puddings are baked
should be occasionally boiled in strong suds with soda
in the water.
Spoons or knives should be taken from dishes »,
food which arc set away. Knives or spoons used for
taking out butter or lard must not be left in these
tubs.
REFRIGERATOR.
Great care must be taken of the refrigerator. It
should be washed out every morning, and once a
week, at least, thoroughly washed with borax and
water, and be well aired. When milk or butter is
kept in the refrigerator, neither fruit, vegetables like
onions or garlic, or highly spiced food, should be put
into it. for these will give the butter or milk a disa-
greeable taste. If possible, cold meats, vegetables, or
other food, should not be put away in the dishes used
on the table. If blankets are used on the ice to pre-
vent it from melting too quickly, ono should be al-
ways dry and ready, and they should be washed once
a week. Where a pan is used to catch the water from
the refrigerator, care must be taken not to allow it to
overflow; and where the waste-pipe from the re-
frigerator is connected with the main soil pipe, it
must be well trapped and carefully watched.
CELLAR.
Cellar walls should be whitewashed once a year—
in the spring—to keep the cellar fresh and sweet;
cellar windows washed as often as they require it.
The coal that has dropped on the floor should be put
in place, wood and kindling neatly piled in allotted
places, ashes and dust removed, and the floor thor-
oughly swept once a week. Brush down the cellar
walls occasionally to remove dust or cobwebs. The
shelves or closet for provisions must be well scrubbed,
and great care taken that no decaying vegetables or
fruit remain. Cellar stairs must be scrubbed, and
every thing put in order.
WEEKLY CLEANING OF KITCHEN.
Empty the water boiler, and if of copper polish
with the ''Universal Metal Polisher," as directed in
a previous lesson. Brush the ashes and soot from over
the oven, and clean the place under the oven. Sweep
the top and hearth of the stove or range, and with
water and a cloth wash the inside of the oven and
the outside of the stove, and it will then be ready for
blacking. Have a pan, or little dish or bowl, espe-
cially for the stove polish. Hub the bar of polish in
a little water against the pan until there is enough
dissolved for use. Apply polish to stove with a cloth,
and, before it is quite dry, brush with a stiff brush
until bright. The stove may be warm, but the firo
should bo out. Wash the kitchen chairs, and then the
floor. The tables, of course, have been scrubbed beforo
any of this cleaning has been commenced. The


38
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
kitchen windows should be washed once in two weeks,
and tho paint wiped with a cloth wrung out of hot
water. For cleaning the floor—if covered with oil-
cloth, it should be washed with Ivory soap and cold
water, using a canton flannel cloth; then wipe with
clear water, and wipe dry with cloths. If the floor
is bare, scrub with water and sand, using cold water.
If painted, wash carefully with cold water. A floor
cloth should be of good size, and made of some kind
of soft thick cotton or linen goods; old canton flannel
or old knit undergarments make the best. Brass fau-
cets should be cleaned in same manner as boiler.
Walls can be kept freo from dust by slipping canton
flannel bags over the broom, and wiping them down.
Tin-ware must be scoured, and pantry, store room,
and closets cleaned. The closets can be cleaned on
other days, as best suited to the household arrange-
ments. In cleaning kitchen closets, take out every
thing, scrub the shelves and drawers,—if shelves are
painted, wash them—wash dusty dishes, and wipe all
spice boees. Once a month clean pantry and store-
room. Move every thing. dusting the walls, etc. If
mouse-holes are found in tho walls, fill with plaster of
Paris; if in wood-work, tack over them a piece of tin.
There should be a place for keeping paper to light
fires, and a receptacle for strings. After cleaning,
the brushes should be washed and dried, floor and
window cloths washed and hung up to dry. The
brushes for kitchen tables and floors must bo kept
separate.
CARE OF SILVER, GLASS, AND DINING OR TABLE DISHES.
After the dishes are piled up neatly, after having
been emptied and scraped, prepare suds for washing
dishes as told before, but never allow the soap to lie
on the bottom of the dish-pan; have ready another
pan, with clear hot water, for rinsing. Wash the
glasses first, one at a time, putting the whole glass at
once into the water, to prevent its cracking. "Use a
soft white dish-cloth for glass and silver, and a sepa-
rate linen cloth for china. After the glasses have all
been washed and rinsed, wipe carefully with a fresh
dry cloth free from lint, taking care not to touch the
glass with the bare hand, and to notice that the glasses
are perfectly clear. Wash the s'.lver next—spoons,
forks—rinsing in very hot water, and wipe them
while hot. In washing new silver, use no soap, only
very hot water. Polish new silver with a very dry
towel. Wash the outside of syrup-cups and sugar-
bowls next, and butter-dish, if of silver. Wash out
the dish-cloths used for silver, and hang up to dry.
Pitchers, cups, and saucers must next bo washed, using
the dish-cloth for china; then the dessert plates; then
meat and vegetable dishes, fresh hot suds and fresh
rinsing water being taken as often as may be nec-
essary. When dishes are properly washed and wiped
they have a fine polish.
Knives, if of steel, must be washed one at a time,
not allowing them to soak in tho water. The blades
must be scoured with powdered Bristol brick, using a
cork to rub it on the blade. Take fresh suds and
wash each one carefully—washing the handles now—
and wipe immediately with a dry towel. After the
tables are cleaned, wash out the dish-pan inside and
out-side; the dish-cloth is then washed, and the towels
hung on a line to dry; the dishes put neatly in their
proper places, and every thing left in order.
INTELLIGENCE.
The following extract from a letter written by Miss
Ida M. Stevens, Manager of the Kitchen Garden of the
Ninth Street Baptist Church, to a teacher of the Cin-
cinnati Kitchen Garden, will bo of especial interest to
those readers who remember the account of the open-
ing of tho former school, given in our February
number:
"We have done better than I ever dreamed of. We
started with a very few pupils, and ended with sixty-
two. Our average attendance was about forty.
Nearly every week we had to send large numbers
away, because we had not enough teachers to make
new classes. Wo have had plenty of room, plenty of
money, and plenty of children, but have not had
enough teachers. There are, of course, those who
ire willing to take up tho work, but as they have not
tho talent for teaching that is necessary, I refuse their
services, no matter who they are. The original seven
teachers have stuck to their classes all the J"ear, and
have done very good work. You ask if wo have no-
ticed any results. I have, in the school and also in
the homes. 1 have been calling on as many as pos-
sible from the various classes, and have heard from
every parent tho same story—the improvement in
their girls, and what pleasure they now take in doing
the work at homo. One family now uses napkins at
tho table, because the children thought it so much
neater. Beds are exhibited with pride by the moth-
ers, as well as other work done by their little ones.
It was a great pleasure to me to learn how these chil-
dren were putting daily into practice what they were
taught on Saturday, and I am determined that we
shall not turn away any children next year.
"Our expenses for the year havo been eighty-five
dollars; that includes ten dollars we gave at the end
of the term to the sexton because he has boon so kind


THE KITCHEN . GARDEN.
39
to us. Our bedsteads, bedding, carpets for chambers,
most of the benches, table linen for the large tables,
milk for every Saturday, and various other articles,
have all been given us, and so saved us great expense.
The Kitchen Garden seems to draw out every one's
sympathies, and we had no difficulty in raising the
money for it. We closed the first Saturday of this
month. We did not have any exhibition, but just
our regular work, only we shortened the time. One
table took dinner setting, another breakfast setting,
one dish washing, three the bedroom lesson, and one
sewing. We had sixty visitors or more, and every
thing passed off nicely. The ladies sent in cake for
tbe lunch that day, and we had so much left over
that wo gave each child some to take home, and also
treated each ¿juest. Are n't you sorry now you did
not come. We had expected to have a picnic for the
children last week, but as the Sunday-school took the
day we decided on, we accepted their invitation to
go with them, ás they gave free tickets to all the
children and provided a lunch.
Ll Our plans for next year are as yet rather uncer-
tain. I want, this summer, to pay' particular atten-
tion to the laundry and the nursery work. It seems
as if the latter ought to be taught as soon as possible,
so many go out as nursery maids when they are
hardly more than babies themselves. I think the
kitchen at the church will make a nice laundry for
ng; one of the rooms will answer for a bedroom, and
then there is still another that will make a good din-
ing room. I want very much to talk over our next
year's plan with you, when you have the time to
spare. We were all disappointed not to see you at
our closing exercises. Ida M. Stevkns."
A National Industrial Association is being
formed in Washington, D. C., in which the ladies of
the Mission Free School of Cookery, Hon. John
Enon, Commissioner of Education, and others, are
interested. Its object is the establishment and assist-
ance of schools of industry, especially those of cook-
ery and household work. An annual report will be
made, containing the latest information in regard to
this work, both in this country and in Europe. It is
hoped, also, that it will be the means of bringing to-
gether in convention those who are interested in the
matter, and of making known the schools which are
in need of help to those who may be kindly disposed
to give.
Any persons desiring further information concern-
ing tliis movement can address Miss E. W. Gemmill,
Superintendent of Mission School, No. 1323 H street,
Washington, D. C.
The Wilson Industrial School maintains its repu-
tation, as was shown by the anniversary exercises,
which took place on the evening of April 25th. The
children are hero taught in the sewing department
how to cut, make, and mend skillfully; in the Kitchen
Garden how to keep house neatly, and to this has
been added recently the Kitchen Garden cooking de-
partment. Several loaves of excellent bread were
exhibited, which were made by girls of eleven j'ears
of age. "Did n't your mother help you ?" was asked
of one. "Oh, no; she do n't make it the way I learn
in school." The tone indicated a thorough convic-
tion of the superiority of the "school way." It de-
serves the hearty support of the public. With the
increasing number of charities interests have become
divided. Death or removal has taken away many of
the original supporters, and the list of annual sub-
scribers, upon which the managers depend for carry-
ing on their work, needs reinforcement. Are there
not some who would gladly take a share in this good
work by even a small annual subscriptiont (which
would work so much more than occasional and in-
terrupted contributions), and thus help to maintain
a most worthy cause? Subscriptions will be thank-
fully received at the Mission, 125 St. Mark's Place,
care of Mrs. A. E. Smith, Treasurer.—N. Y. Observer.
Miss Anna Neill, Director of the Pulaskiville
Household School (a short account of which appeared
in our February issue), writes as follows:
Germantown, Penn., June Utk, 1884.
During the past winter wo have taught the bed-
making. sweeping and washing lessons. Had the at-
tendance been more regular the progress would have
been greater, but we have worked slowly and care-
fully, and now feel that our work has not been in
vain, nor will the children forget the lessons taught
so slowly. May 31st we closed for the summer.
Punctually at ten o'clock we began an examination
of all the lessons, and it was most unexpected to the
children. However, we were delighted to find that
only two mistakes were made,and those only in trivial
matters. After the examinations children and visitors
were served to ice-cream and cake, and the children
were then dismissed, every one expressing regret that
Household School was closed for the warm months.
Hoping that you will be able to suggest some plan of
keeping the attendance more regular, 1 turn to the
Kitchen Garden in despair. Can not some of the
other schools suggest to me some way in your inter-
esting columns?


40
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
* KITCHEN GARDEN TEACHING.
A TRAINING CLASS IN THE INDUSTRIAL HOME — AN
EXHIBITION OF ITS WORK.
[From the Boston Advertiser.]
During the week there has been in session at the
North Bennet-slreet Industrial Home a Normal
Kitchen Garden class, under Miss Marie Louise Tor-
rcy, of Providence, the agent of the New York Kitchen
Garden Association. The class was composed of
twelvo young women from wealthy families, who
propose to use the knowledge they have gained in
charity by working among the poor people in the
more wretched portions of the city. These schools
are sadly needed, and that they do good has been
thoroughly proven by the success that has attended
the past efforts of the one accredited teacher which
Boston has possessed. There have been attempts
made by others to teach the Kitchen Garden, but the
work has been unfinished- however, and more or less
unsatisfactory. The seed that was sown in the first
schools of the kind in the city has sprung up and is
bearing fruit. The girls who attended these schools
have not only remembered what they learned, but
they have put it into daily practice, to the great im-
provement of their homes, and indeed of themselves,
since they have come to be methodical, orderly girls,
with a care about themselves and their surroundings
that they never would have developed but for the
training they received in the Kitchen Garden. But
what could one teacher do among all the army of
little girls who ought to be taught? She did all that
was in her power, but there is a limit to human en-
durance. The need of a Kitchen Garden has been
specially felt at the Industrial Home during the past
year,and Mrs. Caswell determined to make an attempt
to establish a training class, from which should be
graduated accredited teachers, each onejiolding a cer-
tificate of ability to teach. Miss Huntington, of New
York, the originator of the system, promised to send
Miss Torrey, if the class could be secured, and Mrs.
Caswell at once advertised the f;ict. The announce-
ment at once brought together the twelve young
women, all of whom took up the work as a labor of
love, intending to do their part of the charitable work
of the world by imparting the knowledge to those who
needed it the most.
Yesterday, between 10 and 12, this class gave an
exhibition of the method to a very few invited friends.
They have been drilled as though they were a parcel
of children, in all the details of the system, in the
lessons, the songs, the practical work, and the
games; they have set miniature tables and made and
unmade toy beds; they have washed dolls' dishes, and
washed. or made believe wash, the tiniest of garments;
they have played at waiting on the table and tend-
ing the door. At first it was as novel to them as to
the children they expect some day to teach. They
showed in every movement how unused they were at
it all, but they worked diligently and with their
whole hearts, and no one seeing them yesterday
would have believed how recently it was all new to
them. They sang the songs with a gusto; they
played the games with all the abandon of childhood,
and they took positive pride in their well-ordered
tables and beautifully made beds; they hung out
their miniature washes with the air of practical
laundresses, and they got a genuine good time out of
it. They were charming with their dainty ways,
and they will prove real missionaries in the truest
sense of the word to the children whom they will by
and by work among. It will not be only what they.
will teach them, but there will coTno a perpetual,
even if silent, lesson from their own personalities;
the children will become finer and better from the
contact with them"; they will correct improper habits
of thought or conversation; they will cultivate gen-
tleness, cleanliness, and whatever is good, from the
force of example gained in constant contact, and it
will be just as real a lesson, although an unconscious
one. There should be another training class, and it
should be double the size of the present one, for
there is a great need of still more workers in this
field, where so much that is practical is taught, so
much that is good is gained.
In to-day's paper (the Commercial Gazette the
14th of June) is an article by S. R. R. on the '•Ser-
vant Girl Question," that needs further discussion.
He has only looked at it from one point of view, and
has taken the lower side of the question. Can not
some of our bright women reply, showing a truer
condition? I trust it will soon be done. We can
not afford to rest under such shadows as his pictures
give. M. E. J.
One of the pleasantest littlo events of the closing
day of the Kitchen Garden was the visit of Miss
Mollie Betty, who read Bryant's " Bob-o-link" to the
children. They enjoyed it exceedingly, and twit-
tered and chirped over their sewing the rest of the
morning, trying in vain to imitate the sweet bird-
like tones of the charming reader.


42
THE KITCHEN GARDÈN.
ing permanent rooms has hitherto been one of tho
disadvantages under which tho school has labored.
A plan was conceived during the summer, which
now seems in a fair way to be carried out, of uniting
under one roof the work of three charitable associa-
tions. A largo and commodious three-story house on
Third street, near Broadway, has been rented and
divided amongst the three, the Crèche, or Day Nur-
sery, occupying one floor, the Free Kindergarten,
with children of a little larger growth, occupying
another, and the Kitchen Garden, with still older girlsi
the other.
Tho Kitchen Garden Association hopes, in this ar-
rangement, to be able to retain tho use of the kitchenj
thus giviug facilities for cooking classes. As yet, the
plans are incomplete, but in tho October number of
The Kitchen Garden—the first number of tho new
year—we shall probably bo able to give a detailed
account of what we hope to accomplish with the im-
proved accommodations of the new houso and the
combination of the three institutions, all working
under tho same roof for the improvement and welfare
of little children.
SEWING LESSON.
To be properly ready for sewing is to have clean
face, hands, and nails, neatly arranged hair, neat
dress, and fresh apron; a work-basket holding em-
ery bag, thimble, scissors, a bag or box for spools,
needle-book of assorted needles, darning needles,
tape needle, and pincushion. A low chair should
always be used while sewing, so that the feet may
rest squarely on tho floor to keep the work from
slipping off tho lap. Care should be taken to sit up
straight so as not to cramp the lungs, nor become
round shouldered—the work should be brought up to
the ey*es, not the ej es bent down to tho work.
The most requisite kinds of sewing are hemming,
stitching, running, felling, overhanding, overcasting,
darning, the making of button holes, gathering, and
basting.
Unbleached linen is thought by many to be the
best material for beginners, for it is soft and allows
tho needle to pass through easily.
The needles used for sewing arc bctweens, blunts,
and sharps. Betweens are the best for little girls to
use, because they do not bend or break so easily.
The proper cutting out of work is most essential to
its looking well. In all cases where the garment is
not in simple straight breadths, a pattern should be
used. This should bo carefully pinned upon the ma-
terial, and the seams neatly basted before any sewing
is done. Never cut out a piece of work upon the lap.
Lay the material upon an uncovered table or upon a
smooth board resting upon the lap.
In cotton goods it is best to tear and not cut apart
the breadths of a piece of work when they run even
with the thread as in sheets, pillow cases, etc. With
linen material a thread should be drawn along the
length of a seam, so that it may be cut by that;
otherwise the sewing will not look straight after it is
washed.
To prevent spool cotton from kinking or knotting,
thread the needle with the end that first comes off
the spool, and not where it is broken off.
For ordinary material a number eight needle and
number fifty thread will work nicely.
When the work is cut out it should bo neatly basted
so that the parts are held in place anil at the same
time be a guide to the sewing. To baste well put the
needle in perpendicular, by doing so the work is kept
even. Tho lino of sewing should be close under
the basting, except in the overhand seam.
Overhanding.—The seam should bo held between
tho thumb and first finger, using thread without a
knot, leaving a little end of the thread to be sewed
down with the first few stitches and sewing from
right to left, the needle put in perfectly straight at
each stitch. The seam should be finished by sewing
back a few stitches. When finished pull out tho
basting thread, open the seam and rub it down with
the nail or thimble.
A seam is a lino of sewing joining two or moro
pieces of material.
Hemming —The most necessary thing in hemming
is to have the hem turned down evenly. This is
easily done by measuring every few inches with a
strip of paper. When the hem is wide it should al-
ways be basted. Turn the needle with the point to
the right, stick it only through the edge turned down.
The needle should be held marly on a line with the
hem, the point toward tho left hand, forming slanting
stitches. The hem should be finished by overhanding
the ends neatly.
Felling.—A fell seam must be hasted and sewed
with one edge of the garment above the other, and
sewed with the grain of the muslin—sewing the scam
with ono back stitch and one running stitch, then
turning under the seam to make a narrow even hem,
and hemming carefully.
In stitching the stitches meet.
In back stitching there is a space between the
stitches.
For fine running take up two threads and skip
two.


44
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
The tendency with many of the children was to
hurry through with their work as fast as they could
in order to take home as many articles from time to
time as possible.
In place of beginning with the various stitches in
the article of clothing, each child was provided with a
large square of unbleached muslin to be used as a
sampler on which to practice.
When they found that these samplers were to be
kept in the school, each one marked with the child's
name, as evidence of her ability, that they were
carefully examined and criticised from time to time,
and their progress depended entirely on the work put
upon them, the children evinced considerable pride
in making the stitches as neatly as possible; and the
improvement in sewing was quite noticeable.
We will be very grateful to any who are connected
with sewing schools, or have any suggestions to make,
if they will send us accounts of their schools, the
methods pursued in them, or any ideas that might be
helpful in any way to others interested in that work.
"At an early age, children learn more from play
than from teaching; and the use of toys is very great
in developing their minds by giving them tho means
of, as it were, taking a scene or an event to pieces
and putting its parts together in new combinations.
A process which immensely increases the deflniteness
of tho children's ideas and their power of analysis.
It is because the use of toys is principally in develop-
ing the subjective side of the mind that the elaborate
figures and models of which the toy shops have been
so full of lato years, are of so little use.
"They are carefully worked out into the nicest de-
tails, but they are models or pictures, not playthings,
and children, who know quite well what it is they
want, tire of them in a lew hours, unless, indeed,
they can break them up and make real toys of them.
What a child wants is not one picture but a thousand.
Objective knowledge, such as is to be gained from the
elaborate doll-houses and grocery shops may be got
in plenty elsewhere by mere observation; but toys,
to be of value in early education, should bo separate,
so as to allow of being arranged in any variety of
combination and not too servile and detailed copies
of objects, so that they may not be mere pictures but
symbols, which a child can make to stand for many
objects, with the aid of its imagination."—Tylor's
"Early History of Mankind."
"The growing up in the right atmosphere, rather
than the receiving of the right instruction; is im-
portant in forming character of children."
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
ЕП1ТЕП AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Mrs. Herbert Jenny, President. I STiss Kdith Perky. Secretan-.
Miss Annie Laws, Vice-President, | M us. N. A. Jepfras, Treaeurer.
SS&Subtcription price, fif ty cents per n nnum. A ddrcss, The
Kitchkn Garden, P. 0. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as seeond-elnss matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, О. |
CINCINNATI, AUGUST 20, 1884.
Our first volume is at an end, and it is now past
our power to alter it for better or worse. Of the suc-
cess or failure of our efforts, the volume must speak
for itself. We havo tried to make it as useful as tho
circumstances under which it was produced would
permit, and so offer no apologies.
We can safely congratulate our readers on the fact
that Kitchen Garden work has been more extensive
and prosperous during the past year than ever before.
It has been our privilege to record the organization
cf an encouraging number of new schools in various
parts of the country, and to give intelligence con-
cerning their progress. This shows that there is an
increasing realization of the fact that this method of
instruction offers a practical means of, in time, solving
the vexed question of domestic service satisfactorily,
both from the stand-point of the mistress and that of
the servant.
The judicious management of a Kitchen Garden is
not a trivial task, but it is one which is not beyond
the abilities of tho average well-educated, thoughtful,
young American woman to perform with gratifying
success. There is no reason why the time shall not
come, and wo confidently expect that it will come,when
the majority of the larger towns throughout tho whole
country shall have free Saturday schools for the in-
struction of little girls of the poorer classes in house,
hold work, conducted by those enlightened women of
the community who have the kindness of heart which
delights in helping those who need help—especial^
the young—and the good sense to perceive that in the
long run they will receive as much as Ihey give.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
45
COMMUNICATIONS.
Cincinnati, August ШЛ, 1884.
To the President and Board of Managers of the Kitchen
Garden:
On the second day of May there Was a called meet-
ing of such members of the "Young Ladies' Branch
of the Women's Christian Association" as remained
in the Board until the work was abandoned, for the
purpose of determining what disposition Was to be made
of money remaining in treasury—in all, $372. This
balance was created by sale of Industrial School
effects, and surplus from the Sellew fund, with inter-
est which has accrued therefrom.
It was the unanimous wish of the meeting that this
money should be presented to the Kitchen Garden,
as the work resembles in its aims and other particulars
that formerly undertaken by the Y. L. B. of the W.
C. A. In consideration, however, of the fact that the
Board of Managers was at one time held responsible
for the debts of the Association, it was deemed but
just that all persons thus held responsible, and who
paid any part of the assessment themselves, should
be communicated with, and be given the option of
having their pro rata of sum named returned to them.
A committee of one was appointed to attend to this
work, which, in view of the fact that the members were
pretty well scattered over the world, occupied some
weeks. The result was most satisfactory, and it is
with great pleasure that I, a former member of the
Y. L. B. of the W. C. A., and a present member of
the Kitchen Garden Directory. by appointment of the
Board of the former Association, present to you in
their behalf the balance, which remains in the treasury,
5358.23, to use as you may deem advisable in the
Kitchen Garden work.
Respectfully,
Juliet G. Wilson.
[The following is a list of the members of the
Young Ladies Branch of the Women's Christian As- 
sociation from whom the above generous donation
comes. To each individually and to the organization
as a whole the Kitchen Garden Association hereby ex-
tends its hearty thanks:
Mrs. Louise N. Anderson,
Mrs. H. T. Atkins,
Mr. C. Bates,
Mrs. Geo. Beech er,
Mrs. T. C. Bradford,
Mrs. Christopher,
Mrs. Alex. Clark,
Mrs. Henry Crist,
Mrs. L. M. Dayton,
Cincinnati.
Hillsborough, O.
Cincinnati.
College Hill, 0.
Cincinnati.
Mrs. T. J. Emery,
Cincinnati.
Miss Hollistcr,
и
Miss Hubbs,
■i
Mrs. Theo. Kemper,
«
Mrs. Ed. Lea,
Ct
Miss Elizabeth Lupton,
«'
Miss M. E. Mitchell,
. «
Mrs. Morris,
Chicago.
Mrs. Geo. Procter,
Cincinnati.
Mrs. John D. Bugh,
Selma, 0.
Miss Shipley,
Cincinnati.
Mrs. Chas. Short,
Short's Station, 0.
Mrs. Stevenson,
Cincinnati.
Miss Eliza C. Stewart,
ti
Mrs. Sam'l Warren,
u
Miss Westcott,
tt
Mrs. F. W. Wilson,
it
Mrs. Wm. Worthington,
и
Mrs. Henry Yergason,
"]
150 Madison St.,
Chicago, III., February 1st, 1884.
I enclose to you, in manuscript form, part of the
catechism which 1 am trying to finish for sewing
schools, and which will, when it is done, contain di-
rections for conducting them. It is the plan in use in
most of the sewing schools in our city. At present
we can not send you a specimen copy of the cate-
chism referred to, but will have one ready to send in
a few days.
Generally, such schools have, and should have,
three grades: the entering class, the bed quilt class,
and the garment class. In addition to these, there
should be a trial class, in which little strips of cloth
are sewed by the little mites of folks who enter to
learn the first principles of sewing. The entering
class sews strips of cloth for baby bed-quilt, or, if you
like, for a doll's quilt. They learn to run two stitches
forward, and one back, and to overhand. The over-
hand stitch is the most important one of all the stitches.
It is the easiest and combines the most principles of
sewing of all tho stitches. They then make their bag
in which to keep their thimble, work, etc. This is
given them to use while they are members of the
school, but is the property of the school. To it should
be sowed a neat, while patch, on which is plainly
written the user's name, and in it should be kept
another bit of cloth, on which is the child's address.
Fine cloth and common black ink are sufficient. In
tho bed-quilt class each child should finish the bed-
quilt which it begins. The school furnishes the calico,
and gives the child the quilt when it is done. The
family are expected to line and stuff the quilt, and


46
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
then it belongs to the child. The family work on
this quilt is generally secured by visiting and talking
up the matter. Be sure toget bright colors for the
quilt, and let the blocks through the school be of uni-
form size when they are finished. This is often a
great convenience. Sometimes the child moves away
and does not take her blocks. They can then bo
used in other quilts. It is easier to keep the children
enthusiastic over gay colors than over dull ones.
The garment class must support itself. The object
is not so much to supply the children with clothing as
to teach them bow to keep thomselves supplied with
properly-made clothing. Buy at wholesale, and
don't reduce your prices more than ten per cent.
Sometimes our misjudged liberality inclines sewing
school officers to give one-fourth the cash price.
My own opinion is, that this is giving in a wrong
direction. We ought to give the best practical in-
struction to these children, and a part of such instruc-
tion is to teach them to pay for what thoy have, and
to despise unnecessary dependence on others.
Throughout a sewing school perfect work should be
required. Stitches should be fine, seams should be
felled, cross seams most firmly and neatly arranged,
and thread should be fastened by rule. Children should
be taught to tie a neat knot, and cleanliness of person
and of the work should be required.
Good order is necessary, and a polite way of leav-
ing the class, and leaving the school-room door with
a pleasant good-bye to the superintendent of the
school is very important.
Cordially yours in Christian service,
Miss E. Drter.
nukseky'l'ksson.
It is desirable that children should play in a differ-
ent room from that in which they sleep, and that it
bo heated in winter by an open fire. The nursery
should be a light, pleasant room, and ought to bo
airedj if possible, whenever tho children leave tho
room for a walk or for their meals. It is best to let
fresh air in from the top of windows to avoid draught
In winter the sunshine should bo freely let in, but
softened in summer. Children's meals ought not to
be served in the nursery if it can be avoided.
No one should take, or be allowed to retain, a
position as nurse who has not a natural love of chil-
dren. A nurse should have good health, good temper,
a good accent, and a cheerful face; for children are
imitative, especially of expression. She should be
conscientious, gentle, and vory neat. As these
qualities are so difficult to find combined, the mother
should be head nurse herself.
DUTIES OF A NURSE.
A nurse should rise early and make the fire—unless a
house-maid is kept—then air tho clothes and have
towels, soap, and water of the proper temperature,
ready for the children's bath. A white cotton sheet,
in which each child should be wrapped upon being
taken out of the bath, is a good safeguard against cold.
A baby should be wrapped in a blanket. Wet the
child's head before putting it in tho bath. Be care-
ful not to let soap get into the child's eyes or mouth,
or water into its ears. A good flannel towel may be
made of an old flannel skirt, by ripping off the
band, cutting the skirt into two pieces and sewing
together. An old flannel skirt cut open in the back
will also make a good bathing apron. Wheu the
child is taken out of the bath rub it well to keep it from
taking cold, and dress it quickly as soon as the towel is
taken off. Bo sure to have every article of dress at
hand so as not to delay immediate dressing after the
bath, and thus avoid taking cold. If the child's hair
is still wet rub it well with a towel or between your
hands; never let wet hair hang down a child's neck.
In dressing a child put on stockings and shoes first,
then take off night-dress, put on flannel shirt and
underclothes, wash face and hands, clean teeth, comb
and brush hair, and then put on dress. Flannel
night-dresses are better for little children than cotton.
Put in pins carefully and do not tie strings too tight.
When the children are ready for breakfast open tho
windows, take off bedclothes, remove tubs and water,
and restore every thing to order but the beds, which
should be left to air for a long time. An India rubber
cloth with a blanket over it and under the sheet is
advisable. Nothing should be left in the nursery that
can affect the air. Cleanliness and pure air are most
necessary for the good health of children. Sponges
should always bo squeezed dry and hung up; if they
become slimy clean with lemon juice and rinse witii
hot water.
Before sitting down to their meals children should
be neatly dressed, washed and aproned; their aprons
removed and hands and faces washed after eating.
A nurse should bo a light sleeper and be within
easy hearing distance.
No child should sleep with a nurse.
Blocks, picture-books, paper and pencils, chalks,
dolls, reund-ended scissors are accessories of a good
nursery. A nursery is easily put in order by a will-
ing and active nurse; but children should not bo
allowed to destroy any thing, and should be taught to
put away their toys at times. Children should
always be clean before putting to bed; handle them
gently and speak softly and kindly; never let a child


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
47
sob itself to sleep or be awakened by a loud, rough
voice.
Never tako undue responsibility on yourself and
be careful to follow out instructions, especially in ab-
sence of your mistress.
A nurse should never be allowed to punish a child;
if she attempts it she should bo reproved, and if dis-
obedient, be dismissed. Bequest rather than order. A
child will generally yield to a quiet, decided manner.
A nurse should never give food to a child without
direction, and when given, she should be careful to
have it of the right warmth and seasoning.
She should be truthful, for children will soon learn
to deceive also. Never take a child into any house
without the mother's permission; never pull, push, or
strike a child in anger or impatience. Do not let a
heavy child bend its little legs by walking, and in
riding do not allow n child to be rolled sitting back-
ward.
A child should never be frightened or be told fear-
•rciting stories.
A nurse should speak in clear, low tones, and be si-
lent when others are talking and look directly at the
person speaking. In touching any one in a crowd
she should say "Please excuse me," or "I beg par-
don," and in return for a kindness "I thank you."
She should walk quietly, and not stare rudely nor in-
terrupt any one who may be speaking.
Never use slang or coarse expressions.
Every thoughtless breach of delicacy should be
checked at once with gentle gravity, which will not
repel or abash, but impress the child. Self-respect
can not be too early inculcated. All unnecessary
handling should be prevented and the child be'made
to feel that the human body is a wonderful and sacred
thing, intended for important and noble ends; that it
must not be trifled with or in any way injured.
We have been favored with a copy of the Prospectus
of the Sewing School of the Church of the Epiphany,
of Washington, D. С , which speaks for itself:
"The school opens on the first Saturday in October,
and closes on the last Saturday in April.
The object of the school is to teach children how to
sew both by hand and machine.
Children are received into this school only with the
distinct understanding that the parents will seo that
the following rules are strictly obeyed:
1. It must be distinctly understood that every child
attending this sewing school belongs to this one only,
and attends no other sewing school.
2. Every child must come with clean hands, faco,
and apron, and must bring her own thimble.
3. Every child must be in her seat at 11 o'clock,
and must remain until after the singing hour, and
must not put on her hat or cloak until the close of
school.
4. No child shall be allowed to leave the room with-
out permission from the lady in charge.
5. Every child who has never beon absent or late,
has never loft her seat, or spoken during school hours
except when necessary about her work, or disobeyed
the rules in any way, will bo rewarded at the close of
the school year.
FOR THE TEACHERS.
The teachers will please be in their places, punctu-
ally five minutes before the appointed hour.
They will please see that all the rules are obeyed.
In case a scholar is absent more than once, they
will please ascertain the cause.
The teachers are responsible for all garments given
to scholars, and will see that they are properly basted
and sewed and finished before the close of tho school
year. The children. 7iucst be taught to baste the garments
themselves."
Mrs. Hemenway opened in tho school house on
Tennyson street, her vacation school for female pu-
pils of the public schools whose parents' means are
insufficient to send them out of town during tho
heated season. She generously offers to pay all the
expenses of the school, out of a pure desiro to aid
the many poor children who are obliged to remain all
tho summer in the hot city, with no means of obtain-
ing the least enjoyment durinsr that time. As her
reward, she has tho devotion of the eighty pupils,
which was the number at tho school, all of whom
looked exceedingly clean and supremely happy. A
rule of the school is that no instruction shall be given
in any thing that is given in the public schools.
Object-lessons for the younger girls, and lessons in
knitting, embroidery, modeling, weaving, housekeep-
ing work, and the use of carpenter's tools, will be the
chief features of the institution. Calisthenies will
also bo taught, but in the lightest forms, and will be
introduced between the lessons as a rest for the pu-
pils, and to give to the girls a more erect and health-
ful carriage. There are six teachers, five of whom are
women, and one man, the latter being a carpenter.
The calisthenies are in charge of a young woman.
All the departments are complete throughout and
furnished with every necessary implement.—Boston
Commonwealth.
"Consciously or unconsciously, wo are formed by
those with whom we associate."


48
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
One who has had groat success in winning chil-
dren's friendship has written the following sugges-
tions in regard to making the acquaintance of little
peoplo: "Avoid a full meeting of its eyes with yours
at first. The child will wish to make a satisfactory
inspection of your eyes at its leisure, but no progress
is made so long as you also are examining its eyes.
You are the questionable party, not the child.
"Let tho child have ample time and opportunity to
be perfectly assured that you are a suitable person for
it to become acquainted with. After that you need
make no further advance.
"The child's curiosity and native social disposition
may be trusted to bring it all tho way to you. But
remember not to look at the child at first if it seems
shy. If you hold out a lure to it, do n't appear to
care whether the lure attracts or not, but keep on
talking with a third party.
"It will very likely take a few moments to watch
you, and will probably be somewhat influenced by
observing the manner in which you are treated by
its parents. Wait until this has had time to produco
its full reassuring effect.''—"Child Life the Text-Book
of the Age."
LULLABY.
As I gently rock my baby
Silently the eyelids close,
And while little limbs are resting
Off to dreamland baby goes.
Lullaby, my baby; lullaby, my baby;
Lullaby, my baby; lulla, lullaby.
Then he sees the little binding
'Mid the tree tops, cease to sing,
As he rocks himself to slumber,
With his head beneath his wing.
Lullaby, my baby; lullaby, my baby;
Lullaby, my baby; lulla, lullaby.
And the flow'rets close their petals
In the murmuring evening breeze,
Which brings slumber songs from heaven
As it whispers thro' the trees
Lullaby, my baby; lullaby, my baby;
Lullaby, my baby; lulla, lullaby.
Little flowers and little birdies
Kocked to sleep 'neath open skies
Do not need like little babies
Friends to sing them lullabies.
Lullaby my tuby; lullaby, my baby;
Lullaby, my baby; lulla, lullaby.
I N DEX.
Bedroom. and General Cleaning, The 20
Hoots anil Toys used In the Kitchen Garden, List of 6
Children of the Kitchen Garden, To the 2
Christmas Play for the benefit of the Kitehen Garden 24
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association^ The 1, 9, 17, 25, 33, 40
Colored Kitchen Garden of Cincinnati, The 32
Correspondence—
A. L. G 1s
Crafts, P. A Я
Dryer, E 45
E. C. F 30
Homaus, Amy Morris 30
M. E. J 35, 40
Swing, MInta В 29
Thwiug, Annie If 31
Willard, Harriet J 31.31
Wilson, Juliet G. 45
Covington (Ky.) Kitchen Garden Association, The 11
Dining Room Lesson 13
Editorial 4, 12, 20, 2s, SC, 44
Event of the Year, The 5
Fair, The 16
Intelligence-
Chicago 22
Cincinnati 23, 3s
. Germantown, Pa 23, 39
Indian Territory 11
Mansfield, O. 23
New York City 39
Urbana, О 23
Washington, D. С 39
Wilmington, Del 23
Kitehen, The 37
Kitchen Garden Teaching 40
Luundry, The 26
New York Kitchen Garden Association, Extract from Report of .. 2
North End Industrial Home of Boston, Extract from Report of .. 3
Nursery Lesson 46
Picnic, The Annual 36
Poetry—
Bob White 3-2
Christmas Carol 15
Cleaning Rhymes 24
Dinner Rhyme 11
Golden Rule, The 16
Good Morning Song 15
Lullaby 4S
Morning Prayer 15
Two Small Pearls s
Practical Recipes-
Almond Pudding 6
Baking Powder Biscuit 6
Brand ford Cake 15
Chocolate Cake -'. 7
Cream of Celery Soup 15
Fish, in Shells , 15
Fruit Cake 19
Ice Cream Candy 19
Panned Oysters 6
Removing Ink or Rust Spots 7
Renovating Fluid 7
Rice Croquettes 15
Rust from Steel 7
Stains from Ivory 7
Tomato Soup 6
Wine Sauce for Almond Pudding 6
Sewing Lesson 42
He who commits injustice is ever made more wretch-
ed than he who suffers it.—Plato.


THE
KITCHEN GARDEN
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL
VOL. II
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION
1884-85





INDEX.
PAGE.
Chicago Letter 13
Children's Hospital of the Protestant Episcopal Church, The 34
Christmas Celebration, The 15
Cincinnati Charities for Children 44
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association, The '• 1,9,17,25,33,41
Cleaning Rusty Flat-irons 32
Cooking Garden 47
Cooking Garden Class, The M
Cooking in a Normal School 31
Correspondence—
A. L.W 87
Burton, Mary A l5
E. P 6
Goodln, Sarah E 20
Huntington, Emily 43
Lawson, Mrs. Victor F — 5
Lindsay, Rilla 28
McCalne, Adelaide, M 20, 43
McClees, Mary С 39
Merrill, E. A 10
M. L.s 3s
South worth, Mary 5
Webb, Alice M.. 5
Wilkinson, L. S. 5
Woodbury, Anna L 11
Yates, Mrs. J. W 11
«• 31
Day Nursery, The 'П
"Directory of the National Training School for Cookery " (South Kensington, London), Extracts from 6
Editorial 4,12,21,2s,37,44
Hints for House Cleaning 1s
"Homes of the London Poor," Extract from 20
"Household Economy," Extracts from 2, 4s
"Household Education," Extract from 31
How to Help the Poor 24
"Industrial Education a Necessary Part of Public Education," Extract from 32
Industrial Education Association of N. Y., First Annual Report of tho 35
Intelligence—
Aehvllle, N. С 24
Kitchen Garden Association of Chicago 13
Kitchen Garden of the Ninth Street Baptist Church, A Visit to the. 27
Kitchen Garden of the Ninth Street Baptist Church, The 46
Moral Elevation of Girls •• 21
New Books—
Bread and Bread-making 23
Kindergarten Chimes 48
Mothers in Council 2
Soup and Soup-making 23
New Sliver St. Kindergarten Society of San Francisco, The 29
Ohio Hospital for Women and Children, The 30
Poetry-
Autumn Song 3
Boat Song 43
Goodbye Song 48
Hang up the Baby's Stocking .. l>j
State Charities Aid Association of N. Y 45
"Woman's Magazine," Extract from the 40
Women's Union, The—The Kitchen Garden of Covington, Ky 34
Workers among tho Poor, Suggestions for.. 26





THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. II. No. 1.
CINCINNATI, NOVEMBER,.1884.
Price, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO-
CIATION.
In the last number of the The Kitchen Garden,
mention was made of the fact that the Cincinnati
Kitchen Garden Association had assumed the respon-
sibility of renting a house on East Third street, the
first floor of which had been rerented to the Free
Kindergarten Association, and the third floor to the
Day Nursery Association, the second floor and use of
the kitchen being retained for the work of the Kitchen
Garden.
In order that the rooms might be utilized as soon as
possible, it was decided to begin the work a little
earlier in the season than usual, and, instead of the
first Saturday in November, the school reopened the
first Saturday in October. Very little effort was
made to notify former pupils; for, as yet neither
rooms nor plans had been definitely arranged. It
seemed well to begin with a few pupils, and enlarge
the school gradually and carefully, admitting only
those who would be most benefited; for, though
an effort has been made, since the beginning of the
work, to exercise care and discretion in the selection
of pupils, it has occasionally happened that a few
have come in who were either too young to profit
very much by the lessons, or were in better circum-
stances than those for whom the work seemed best
adapted—not but what all girls would derive benefit
from the work, but when the numbers must neces-
sarily be considerably limited it does not seem wise
to exclude older girls, and especially those who expect
to make housework their means of livelihood. We
have decided, therefore, to limit the ages, this year,
from ten to sixteen.
Twenty-six pupils were enrolled the first Saturday,
which number increased to thirty-nine the following
week. We can probably accommodate from sixty to
seventy pupils in the school.
Some questions have been asked in reference to the
arrangement of work for the winter, which, perhaps,
may as well be answered here.
We have no resident paid teacher, nor do any of the
children live in the house. All of the teaching is
done voluntarily. The matron employed by the
Day Nursery Association, and her daughter, are the
only persons living in the house.
The Day Nursery, though in the same building, is
not connected with the Kitchen Garden. It is open
every day in the week but Sunday from 7 A. M.
until 6 p. M., and is intended as a place where mothers,
on the payment of the small sum of five cents a day,
can leave their little ones while they are out work-
ing, feeling that they will be carefully guarded and
cared for. On being left, the babies are bathed and
dressed in clean clothes kept there for the pur-
pose, fed when necessary, amused with playthings,
and put to sleep in the cosiest of little cribs—receiv-
ing as much care and attention as the most favored
of infants.
The Free Kindergarten, on the first floor, is open
every day, from Monday until Saturday, from 9 until
12 in the morning, and from 1 until 3 in the after-
noon, and is intended for children from three to
seven years of age.
The Kitchen Garden lessons aro given Saturday
morning, from 9 until 12:30 o'clock. New classes
begin with the toys, as formerfy, and classes which
have had some training alternate the lessons in the
real work with the toy lessons.
The arrangement of classes at first, will remain
very much as they were last year, a detailed account
of which was given in one of the former numbers of
this paper. After the school is thoroughly organ-
ized and in good running order, we shall have become
somewhat accustomed to the new quarters and their
possibilities, and can then arrange new plans, form
new classes and revise the work already done. We
shall then make arrangements to open a cooking class
on one afternoon in the week beginning with the
simplest kind of cooking.
Every Wednesday afternoon, from three until four,
a teachers' meeting is held in the rooms at 97 East
Third street, for the purpose of discussing the work,


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
3
Mrs. Vaughn, that your children are so young, and
your family so large, that your difficulties arc greater
than ours—and, perhaps, seem greater than they are
— because you have not time for training domesties
as some of us have whose families are smaller, and
the consequent cares less? I have had my cook ten
years; ray waitress as long; and my nurse about the
same length of time. I haverm fault to find, and no
difficulties to meet, except those' that are consequent
upon the relation that exists in its best form.'
"' Our demands are so various,' interposed Mrs.
Washington, before 1 had time to reply,'that I do
not see how any other person can train a servant to
suit us.'
"' There are certain things,' I replied, ' that are of
necessity required by every one: we all have rooms
to be swept, and we do not all find that our servants
know how to accomplish that simple duty. Then
there are stoves and fire-places to be kept in order,
the economical modes of using coal and wood to bo
learned, windows to be washed, the use of labor-saving
apparatus to be learned, and much more that could be
taught as well as bread making and beef wasting.'
"'The amount of money required to establish such
a school,' said Mrs. Washington, ' would bo so great
that I think that we had better try and train our
own servants, and report to the club, that while we
think such a school as has been suggested would be
a great desideratum, there is not enough energy and
money among us to make it practicable for us to
enter upon the enterprise, particularly as we aro al-
ready burdened with as many undertakings as we
can well carry on.'
"This then was the end of the matter."
Does it not seem better, instead of starting out
with the idea of establishing a training school for
servants which is to work at once a complete reforma-
tion in domestic service, to begin in a small way with
little things, and little girls, letting them grow to-
gether: to work first a reformation in the girls
themselves, and then prepare them for training schools
later? Would not the foundations of the work rest
upon a broader and firmer basis, and would not the
results prove more beneficial in the end?
Mrs. Bristol's way of looking at the state of affairs
seems a somewhat selfish one. Would it not be well
for those who have the least trouble in managing
household affairs, those who have small families,
trained servants, good methods of work and plenty
of time, to make something of an effort in behalf of
their less fortunate sisters who have the largo fam-
ilies, poor servants, lack of system, and very little
time at their disposal?
The demands upon servants are various; still,
many things might be simplified if there were only
a little more uniformity among housekeepers in re-
gard to the best methods of performing certain kinds
of work. This could only bo acquired by experi-
ment and consultation. This little book shows that
a step has been made in that direction, as it makes
some of the consultations which have been actually
held availablo to housekeepers in general.
Some suggestive thoughts maybe found in "Mothers
in Council" which may prove helpful to those inter-
ested in making home life pleasant and attractive.
Some time since the Boston School Board added
to the curriculum, for girls in the public schools, les-
sons in needlework. A committee of the board has
recently made a report upon the subject. "Sewing,"
says the committee, " is now so thoroughly established
in our schools that it takes its place with other reg-
ular lessons. Sewing exhibitions are held, at which
the girls display their proficiency, and a healthy
rivalry is encouraged." A schedule annexed to the
report gives details of tho work done in each of the
forty schools under the direction of the board, and
makes a handsome showing in the aggregate. There
were in all 73,220 pieces finished, of which 10,172
were aprons, 3345 bags, 7627 bed linen, 14,706 button
holes, 2421 children's clothing, 5332 curtains and
towels, 1166 dolls' articles, 797 dresses and sacques,
4920 handkerchiefs, 6068 miscellaneous and repairing,
6862 sewing by the yard, 3335 table linen, 6469 un-
der garments. To be a good sewer is an important
part of every girl's education, but there are many
mothers who, in the toil and responsibilities of the
home, sadly neglect it. The example of Boston may
be followed to good advantage by other communities-
—[Ex. _ _
AUTUMN SONG.
"Come, little leaves! " said the wind one day.
"Come over the meadows with me and play.
Put on your dresses of yellow and gold,
Summer is gone, and the days grow cold!"
Soon as the leaves heard tho wind's loud call,
Down they came fluttering one and all.
O'er the brown fields they dancod and flew,
Singing the sweet little songs that they knew.
"Cricket, good-bye! We've been friends so long
Little brook, sing us your farewell song
Say you are sorry to see us go?
Ah, you will miss us, right well we know!"
Dancing and whirling the little leaves went,
Winter had called them, and they were content.
Soon fast asleep in their earthy beds,
The snow laid a coverlet over their heads.


4
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBUSHKD BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President. I Miss Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Clara B. Fletcher, V.-P't, | Mrs. N. A. Jeffkas, Treasurer.
iSig*Subscripiion price, fifty cents per annum. Address, Tue
Kitchen Garden, P. 0. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, 0.|
CINCINNATI, NOVEMBER, 1884.
The new year of the Kitchen Garden is pro-
claimed in this issue. The little sheet goes forth
bravely and hopefully to enter the houses of the old
friends whose familiar voices will welcome it, we trust
as pleasantly and cordially as heretofore.
With the new year it hopes to make itself known
at firesides where it was formerly a stranger, and
where new friends will stretch forth their hands gen-
erously and helpfully in token of their good-will and
fellowship in the Kitchen Garden cause.
In this number we wish to attract especial attention
to facte concerning cooking schools at home and
abroad. The account of the English schools is writ-
ten by one who visited them recently and interested
herself in collecting books and pamphlets in use there,
and information of great value to the inexperienced.
The importance of knowing how to cook a plain
meal and how to instruct others needs scarcely to be
dwelt upon. The merits of both achievements must
be appreciated by those who have seen the need of
teaching an ignorant servant, and those who have been
obliged to eat with assumed avidity the food cooked
by an untutored and inexperienced person. All who
know the elements necessary to make a home at-
tractive and comfortable, realize how important a fac-
tor in that comfort is the punctual appetizing,cooking,
and serving of meals, be these never so simple. A
good cook ranks first perhaps, in imperativeness in
the order of home delights. No need to quote the fa-
miliar—
"We may live without poetry, music, and art;
We may live without conscience, and live without heart
We may live without friends, we may live without books;
But civilized man can not live without cooks."
The last line is always read with an approving
smile that moans conviction of its truth. And what
is true of one home applies to all homes. Those
who have labored for the happiness and well-being of
poor children and their usefulness in the world, need
only recall how the sunken cheeks and pale faces so
common, seem to vanish magically under the power of
a bowl of strong soup and some well-cooked meat and
vegetables. The moral is easily read. There is no
denying that the general happiness is much depend-
ent upon the satisfaction of the hunger of the body,
and this kind of hunger cries persistently and per-
emptorily to be stilled.
The fewest poor people know any thing about eco-
nomic, plain', wholesome cooking. What greator help
can be given them than to teach these children who
come to kitchen schools, and their mothers also per-
haps, through the children, the simple practical les-
son of cooking. Housekeepers on moderate incomes
feel the same want of diffused knowledge of this kind
in another way. In a household where one servant
is expected to do b^th cleaning and cooking, how of-
ten is there found a capable person? Karely does a
girl answer both requirements. Yet it is not asking
too much, under certain conditions. If the mistress
engages a servant for such a position, it is usually with
the understanding that the girl is to be taught how to
cook. This teaching necessitates a degree of pa-
tience and intelligence on the part of the house-
keeper that is sometimes lacking, and oftener felt to
be unjustly demanded of her, considering the wages
paid. Discord usually results. The family suffers
while the servant is training. With a change of ser-
vants the whole work is to be gone through with
again.
Thus, philanthropists and housekeepers alike, and
those also who value highly the blessings of a well-
regulated household, must join in acknowledging the
urgent need of schools for training cooks and for teach-
ing the art to those poor, benighted children who look
naturally to those more fortunate than themselves in
the struggle for existence for guidance towards well-
being and happiness.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
5
CORRESPONDENCE.
Cleveland, September 30, 1884.
I have deferred writing until I could tell you
of something dono toward our school here, and wo
were not fairly started until this,month.
On last Saturday wo had our fourth meeting, and
the school is now really organized and in running
order.
We have modelod it directly upon yours of Cincin-
nati—follow the same programme, even to the lunch
of bread and milk, and have found it very successful.
We have a corps of seven enthusiastic teachers, but at
present limit ourselves to four classes (like yours, of
seven scholars each), until our finances and our ex-
perience, but more especially the latter (our finances
have caused us no trouble as yet), warrant us in en-
larging the school. As our rooms, and much of the
necessary furniture, are kindly furnished us by the
Unitarian Church, our expenses are very light.
We have been especially anxious to secure the
right kind of girls, those who really need the charity
and the instruction; and have been helped to find
them by one of the district physicians, who has
kindly given us addresses, and gone about with us to
find the children. In this way, and by visiting the
children at their homes, we feel tolerably sure of
beginning with tho right material.
Besides our own, there are two Kitchen Garden
schools held in the Friendly Inns in the city, and one
or two more are soon to be started. These classes
are taught by the old method, twenty-four in a class,
the movements taking place with chords, etc., but
they are doing good work, as good probably as can
be done with the limited number of teachers to bo
had.
1 need not tell you that we find the Kitchen
Garden of the greatest interest and assistance in our
work. Very sincerely yours,
Mary Southworth.
Cambridge, Mass., October 8, 1884.
I learn with interest your intention of" forming a
free class for cooking, and gladly give you the bene-
fit of ray knowledge of the method of organizing and
teaching.
Separate classes are formed for women and girls,
the girls being from ten to sixteen years of age. The
lessons, which occupy from one hour and a half to
two hours, are given in the evening to women, and
in the afternoon to girls.
Two or three simple dishes are prepared at each
lesson; the most important being bread-making, and
the boiling, roasting, broiling, stewing, and frying of
meats and fish, and also the various ways of cooking
vegetables.
The lessons are given in two ways, by demonstra-
tion,when the teachor prepares the dishes, at the same
time explaining fully the process, and in the practice
classes, tho pupils working under the guidance of the
teacher, the latter method seeming to me to produce
the best results in small classes, whilo the former
is really the only way one can teach a large num-
ber.
Practice classes consist generally of six or eight
pupils, although a much larger number can work ad-
vantageously by so arranging the work that three or
four pupils can in turn work for a stated time, per-
haps a month.
At tho beginning of tho lesson the teacher reads
aloud the receipts to be used, the pupils copying into
note books (provided generally by the committee free
of expense, or by the payment of a cent). She then ex-
plains the method of mixing, and, from time to time,
as the work progresses, she asks of the pupils the
quantities to be used and the order in which they are
mixed. When at last the dishes are cooked, they are
instructed in the manner of serving, and the food is
divided among tho pupils to test.
Yours very truly,
Alice M. Webb.
Chicago, Ills., September 30, 1884.
Your admirable little paper improves with each issue,
and I do not see how wc can do without it. Many mem-
bers of our Chicago Kitchen Garden Association have
subscribed to it; and all who have taken up the work
of teaching must find it of great value. I have just re-
ceived a letter asking about the work from a lady who
wishes to introduce it in the South, asking where she
can be taught. I have advised her to go to Cincin-
nati and see your school, and I think she will be bet-
ter informed as to what can be done than in any other
way. That is the impression I havegained from read-
ing about your school, for, I am sorry to say, I have
never visited your city.
I hope that the timo is not far distant when we
shall have a building for our work, and begin teach-
ing a class, which will be a training school for serv-
ants, though it may not be called by that name.
Please send four copies of your valuable paper to
my address. Yours, etc., L. S. Wilkinson.
Chicago, Ills., October 10, 1884.
In behalf of tho Chicago Association, I would like
to ask for information. We are anxious to start a


6
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
house this fall for Kitchen Gardon werk. Your
home is known to all of us, and its success has en-
couraged us to attempt something of the kind. Will
it be too much trouble to tell us somothing of your
beginning? Do you have a resident paid teacher?
How often do you have your lessons? Do any of the
children live in the house? Have you given up
teaching by toys, and what ages do you admit? Have
you a cooking school also?
Any other information which you think would be
of assistance we should be very gratoful for.
Our association has not been very active, and up
to this time we have contented ourselves with encour-
aging the different scattered schools. Now, however,
we feel that we need a central point of active interest
and work. Yours, very sincerely,
Mrs. Victor F. Lawson.
[We refer our correspondent, and others interested,
to the article on the first page of this issue, where
the questions will be found, we trust, fully and clearly
answered.]
We were only in London eight days, but I found
time to investigate the South Kensington Cooking
School, as you are doubtless aware from the little
pamphlet I sent you.
There is an enormous exhibition in London at
South Kensington where I picked up the pamphlet,
and discovered that at 12 o'clock each day a free lec-
ture in cheap cookery, and at 3p. m., one on high class
cookery was given. So bright and early the next
morning I started out for the noon lecture. The sub-
ject was fried fish. The lecturer, a woman, stood
behind a long counter, a portion of which contained a
гae stove, and had before her all the materials and
utensils necessary for illustration. She began by dis-
cussing the best and cheapest grease, and the best
way of preparing it. This being a somewhat lengthy
process, she had the prepared fat before her and put
it on the stove to heat, meanwhile discussing the
quantity necessary for the purpose, degree of heat,
etc.; then while the fat was still cooking she gave di-
rections for the proper preparation of the fish, which
she finally fried and garnished with fried parsley
which she also prepared. 1 never saw fish more per-
fectly nor more simply cooked. This fish was sent
into a dining-room where cheap dinners are served
under the auspices of the National School of Cookery.
The school has two dining-rooms in connection with
the Exposition, one in which a dinner consisting of
soup and either fish or meat with potatoes is given for
a sixpence. It was into this room that the fish we
saw prepared was sent. In the other room, dinner
a shilling, I dined, not being able to get a place in
the sixpenny room. Several hundred people were
seated at a time, and quietly and neatly served as fol-
lows: Either soup or fish, meat and potatoes and pud-
ding. I do not know why the cooking-school kept
theso restaurants. After the lecturo I had a long
talk with the teacher who told me (of course) that
the school was closed for the "heated term." Tbey
have a series of classes; for instanco, a class of ten
under one teacher who are taught to do the cooking
themselves, and they can if they choose take demon-
stration lessons, also, in which the teacher does the
work and lectures.
I told Mrs. Wilson of our Cincinnati work and of
the situation we are in, and asked her to sell me
such of the publications as might be of service. Not
having them with her I was obliged to leave it en-
tirely to her discretion, and as a result have had sev-
eral books sent me since from which I hope to make
a few extracts which may give you more information
than this hurried letter. Mrs. Wilson also kindly
suggested that they would be glad to send us a
teacher if we wished one of their graduates, who
would come for a term of three years for from
thirty to thirty-two shillings a week not including
traveling expenses, we to pay her fare back if we
dismissed her before the expiration of that term.
E. P.
EXTRACTS FROM THE "DIRECTORY OF THE NATIONAL
TRAINING SCHOOL FOR COOKERY," SOUTH KENSING-
TON, LONDON.
The National Training School for Cookery was es-
tablished to carry out the following objects:
1. To train and qualify persons to become teachers
of Cookery in Training Schools, School Board Schools,
Poor Schools and similar institutions.
2. To instruct persons desirous of acquiring a
knowledge of the principles of cookery, and paying
the necessary fees.
3. To send teachers, with the necessary apparatus
for teaching the principles of cookery, to localities
and institutions in London and the Provinces willing
to incur the attendant expenses.
Since the school opened in March 1874 to March
31, 1884, the number of pupils who have received in-
struction here is 22,612.
The principles of the teaching are cleanliness,
economy, order and method; to teach all classes to
make the best of whatever material they may have ; to
insure for the working-man a wholesome meal nicely
prepared which will supply the nourishment he re-
quires to enable him to do a hard day's work. The lassi-


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
7
tude produced by bad food and hard work is a constant
source of the craving for stimulants which drives the
working-man to the publie-house. This teaching will
tend to lessen this evil and improve the health of the
people. A more perfect knowledge of cookery will de-
velop thrift and good taste in the community, and
be attended with those results which have so largely
contributed to the comfort of some continental na-
tions.
Summary op Bules, Fees, Etc.—Students are ad-
mitted to train for teachers either by paying the fees
or by votes of the subscribers.
CLASSES FOR COOKS AND STUDENTS.
£ d s
Scullery Cleaning. five lessons 10 л. и. to 12 noon 0 10 6
Ten Plain Cookery Demonstrations 10 A. M. to 12 noon 0 4 С
Ten High Class Demonstrations 2 p. м. to 4 г. м. 0 10 ti
Ten Plain Cookery Practice Lessons 10 а. И. to 4 P. M. 2 2 0
Ten High Class Practice Lessons "Чо A. ». to 1 P. It 3 3 0
^Single lessons from 6d to 10s 6d.
Dishes cooked in school are for sale every day (ex-
cept Saturday) at cost price.
Teachers sent to all parts for private lessons at
moderate fees.
For full particulars, apply to Secretary of the
School.
Mrs. Charles Clarke is Lady Superintendent of the
School, and Miss Inclcdon, Secretary.
The following is a list of books used for teachers
and learners in the National Training School for
Cookery, and sold at the school:
The Official Handbook of the National Training
School for Cookery (compiled by R. О. C).
Science of Food (by L. M. C).
Food and its preparations (by Mrs. Greenup.).
Becipes for Plain Cookery (by Mrs. Chas. Clarke.).
Popular Lessons on Cookery (by a former staff
teacher of the School for Cookery.).
EXTRACTS FROM LESSONS IN SCULLERY CLEANING.
To clean an iron saucepan.
1. We should wash the saucepan well in hot water
and soda.
N. B.—All the black should be removed from the
outside and bottom.
2. We must soap the palm of one hand, and rub
the inside of the saucepan.
N. B.—In washing any greasy utensil, it is best if
possible, to use the hand instead of flannel, as the lat-
ter retains the grease and so keeps putting the grease
on again, instead of rubbing it off.
3. We mix some sand and powdered soda together
and then dip the soap into it, and rub the inside
of the saucepan until it is quite clean and bright.
4. We now rinse it in water and dry it with a
cloth.
5. We should clean the lid the same way.
N. B.—A white enameled stew pan is cleaned the
same way; great care should be taken to remove
all the stains off the white enamel inside.
N. B.—Salt might be mixed with the sand and
used to remove stains from the enamel.
LESSON IN FRYING, FROM THE OFFICIAL HAND-BOOK
OF THE NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR COOKERY.
The Principles of Frying.
1. We must have a clear, bright fire.
N. B.—We must be very careful it is not smoky.
2. We should bo careful that the utensil used is
very clean, for if there is any thing sticking at the
bottom of the pan it will quickly catch or burn, and
so spoil the contents.
3. We should clarify all fat (not lard), dripping,
and butter before using them, to remove the impuri-
ties from the former and the buttermilk and other
watery substances from the latter.
N. B.—Fat need^iot be clarified more than once.
After using it we should always pour it off carefully
in a basin, and when it is cold we should remove the
sediment from the bottom of the cake of fat. Butter
must be clarified each time it is used, to remove all
watery substance.
4. We must have the fat very hot; good frying
depends on the fat being properly heated.
5. We should test the heat of the fat by a frimom-
eter, if possible. The heat should rise to 345 degrees
Fahrenheit for ordinary frying, and 400 degrees for
white bait.
N. B.—If there be no frimometer the heat of the
fat may be tested by the look, as fat gets quite still
and begins to smoke when it is very hot; or by
throwing in a small piece of crumb of bread, and if
it fries directly a light brown the fat is ready for
use.
6. We should use a deep pan with plenty of fat,
so that any thing put in may be entirely covered.
7. We can fry bacon in its own fat; it only re-
quires watching and turning till it is done. (See
Lesson on "Liver and Bacon.")
8. We can fry chops, or steaks, or slices of meat,
in either an ounce of clarified dripping or butter.
9. We should melt the fat first, but it does not re-
quire to be heated.
10. We must be watchful when the meat is frying
not to allow it to burn; we should turn it over occa-
sionally.
N. B.—If there be a gridiron, it is better to grill


8
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
chops and steaks, as it prevents them being greasy.
(See Lesson on "Grilled Steak.")
To Render Down or Clarify Fat.
1. We take any scraps of cooked or uncooked
fat and cut them up in small pieces.
2. We put the pieces in an old, but clean sauce-
pan, and pour in just enough cold water to cover
them.
3. We put the saucepan on the fire and keep it
boiling; it will take about an hour. The lid should
be off the saucepan.
4. We must stir the fat occasionally, to prevent it
from burning or sticking to the bottom of the sauce-
pan.
5. When the water has evaporated, and the pieces
of fat are cooked, we should pour the melted fat
through an old sieve into a basin, and when cold it
can be used for all frying purposes, instead of lard.
To Clarify Dripping.
1. We should put the dripping in a saucepan
and put it on the fire to boil. g
2. When it boils we pour it into a basin, in which
there should be half a pint of cold water.
3. When the dripping is cold wo take a knife and
cut round the edge, so as to take out the cake of
dripping.
4. We should scrape off all the sediment that will
be found on tho bottom of the cake, and wipe it dry
with a cloth.
To Clarify Butter.
1. We put the quantity of butter required for
present use in a small saucepan, and put it on tho fire
and let it boil.
2. When the butter has boiled, wo must take a
spoon and remove the white scum from the top.
3. We should then pour tho clear butter carefully
into the pan for use, as below the butter will be a
little more watery substance.
In speaking of the child, I can not omit the elo-
quent words of Miss Francis E. Willard, of Chica-
go, President of the Women's Temperance Union.
"Christ," she said, ''called unto him a child and set
him in the midst. Tho nineteenth century is doing
the same thing. There is not on the round planet
to-day a group at once so significant, hopeful, and pa-
thetic as this gathering of wise and thoughtful men
and women reverently studying the child in their
midst. Childhood is humanity's fortress against the
encroachments of sin. Give to the littlo soldiers,
newly mustered in, the weapons of character, the
ammunition of health, and the drill of education,
and they will hold the fort for humanity in 'every
age."
If your head always directs your pupil's hands,
his own head will become useless to him.—Rousseau.
Things that have to be done should be learned by
doing them.— Comenius.
The thanks of the Kitchen Garden Association are
due to the ladies of the First Presbyterian Church
for tho delicious lunch sent by them last Saturday
from the church, after the breaking up of the Pres-
byterian synod, to the Kitchen Garden for the usual
noon lunch. Over sixty children participated in a
manner which sufficiently indicated their hearty
approval of the menu, and it is whispered that the
appreciation of even the teachers was not merely a pas-
sive one. The intervention of Miss Eliza Stewart
secured the treat, to whom special acknowledgement is
hereby made.
The Kitchen Garden of the Ninth St. Baptist
Church (Miss Ida Stevens, manager), opens on the
first of November. We hope to have the particulars
in our next number.
A series of six lessons, used in the Cincinnati
Kitchen Garden last year, consisting of lessons in the
Dining Room, Kitchen, Bed Boom,Laundry, Nursery,
and Sewing were published in the last volume of the
Kitchen Garden. A limited number of complete
sets may be obtained by sending an order to The
Kitchen Garden, P. O. Box 1158, Cincinnati.
"Always there is seed being sown silently and
unseen; and every-where, then, come sweet flowers
without. our foresight or labor. We reap what we
sow, but Nature has love over and above that justice,
and gives us shadow and blossom and fruit that spring
from no planting of ours."—George Eliot.
Miss E. H. Huntington, of New York, is, at pre-
sent, engaged upon a new work—a cook book for be-
ginners—which will shortly appear. The price is to
be §3.00, and the book will be sold by subscription.
The ladies of The Kitchen Garden Association
wish to express their sincero thanks to the kind
friend who has given them the use of a piano for the
year free of expense.


THE KITCHEN. GARDEN
VOL. II. No. 2. CINCINNATI, JANUARY, 1888. Price, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN AS- chairs dusted. The children enjoyed exceedingly the
SOC1ATÍON. appearance of the room when cleaned as contrasted with what it had been before.
Since the opening of the Kitchen Garden in Oe- For the first laundry lesson, the towels used in the
tober, the number of pupils enrolled has increased to school, small tablecloths belonging to the toy tables,
sixty-four, with an average attendance of about and several aprons were subjected to the various pro-
fifty- cesses of rubbing, boiling, wringing, bluing, etc., and
Arrangements have been made with the Free Kin- came out looking white and clean enough to rejoice
dergarten for the use of the rooms on the first floor the heart of any Cincinnati housekeeper. The iron-
Saturday morning, which materially increases the ing lesson comes the following week after the washing
facilities for work. lesson. As yet, wo have had only the two lessons,
The arrangement of the classes at present is as but, now that the work has been successfully inau-
follows: gurated and the outfit purchased, we have every hope
After the first half-hour in the morning, during that this will be to the children one of the most in-
which general oxercises aro held in the large room teresting as well as beneficial departments of the
on the first floor, one class is sent to the bedroom, one school, and it will also obviate the necessity of having
to the dining room, one to the kitchen, and four to done elsewhere what laundry work is actually neoded
the large room upstairs for a lesson with the toys, in the school.
One class of nine year old girls, which has been re- "Of what use do you really find the toys?" and
tained, although the age for admission has been lim- "How much time do you give to each lesson?" are
ited to ten, remains downstairs in the small room ad- questions which are continually coming to us.
joining the large one. Several of the little girls in One of the advantages wo have found in giving
this class bave already attained their tenth birthdays the lessons with the small articles is this: A teacher
and been promoted to the older classes. at a small table, surrounded by six or eight girls, can
After two hours spent in work and sewing, the command the attention of all of them at the same
classes gather again in the large room and have songs time, and, by using the toys as a means to an end,
and games while a luncheon of rolls and milk is being can impress upon them the various details of the
prepared by one class in the room above. After the work, the order in which it should be done, and dif-
Bchool is dismissed, another class remains to wash ferent ways of doing it; she can exercise their minds
dishes and put the rooms in order. in memory, accuracy, attention to detail, order, etc.,
The opening of the kitchen, or rather the laundry and has opportunities for becoming acquainted with
department, with the real work has been one of the the characters and dispositions of the children under
latest additions to the school. her charge; so. that when the time comes for them
Several weeks ago, the class which had just com- to leave her and go into one of the large rooms, they
pleted a course of lessons in bedroom work, was sent are prepared for the work they are to do and the
to the kitchen (which had not as yet been used for method of doing it, and need only the practice. If
class purposes) to clean and put it in order. The six sent without preparation much time would be taken
little girls composing the class, worked with a will, from the actual work in explaining to all together;
and before the morning was over the closet had been for, when the work is divided amongst several, no
thoroughly cleaned and arranged, the painted walls one would be apt to receive as clear and complete an
wiped down, ceiling dusted, windows washed, wood- idea of the work as a whole as would seem advisable.
work cleaned, floor and kitchen table scrubbed, and In this way also, instruction can be given to a much


10
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
larger number of girls than could otherwise be ac-
commodated.
We devote about a month to each lessen.
The first day is usually spent in explanation of
what is to be done, and only one article is placed be-
fore the teacher; the second day each child is sup-
plied with an article, and the work is done according
to direction with explanations of each detail; the
third day the work is done without direction, and is
criticized and commented upon by the teacher; the
children are then questioned as to why they do cer-
tain things; the fourth day is usually a sort of gen-
eral review and examination. Of course, in the di-
vision of the time, much is left to the discretion and
ingenuity of the teacher.
One great secret of the success some of the teachers
have in gaining and keeping the interest and atten-
tion of the children is in the fact that they are ex-
ceedingly interested themselves.
A bright, pleasant voice and manner, genuine sym-
pathy with, and interest in the children, great atten-
tion todetail, patience, perseverance, and a firm con-
viction of the good to be accomplished in this work
are some of the characteristies needed by a good
Kitchen Garden teacher.
CORRESPONDENCE.
No. 14 Eighth St., )
Hoboken, N. J., December 16, 1884. j
Our own school forms part of the Parish work of
Trinity Church, Hoboken. About two hundred little
girls meet every Friday afternoon in our Sunday
school vestry and choir rooms, and in the chapel, to
be taught sewing. Last year we selected some thirty
of these pupils for Kitchen Garden training. Three
ladies went once a month to New York, to Miss
Huntington, for instruction. Wo taught entirely
with toys, and by the end of the season we had
twelve children whom we thought fit for the advanced
course. When the autumn came, and wc were ready
to begin, only half of our little band presented them-
selves. The others had gone to work, or had moved
away, or in some way were prevented from coming.
Our work with the younger children is progressing
. vigorously. We have about sixty under instruction.
They are divided into two classes, one class coming
on Monday, the other on Wednesday afternoons, from
3:30 to 5 o'clock. A superintendent, a teacher, and
two assistant teachers have the charge of the two
classes. We havo not the outfit necessary for the ad-
vanced course, and if wo had it, have no proper place
to keep it, so our six advanced girls come on Monday
with the others, but are taught separately, as well aa
we can, with the toys. Once a month they are to go
to the house of one of the ladies, use real things, and
have lunch. The average age I think must be about
twelve years. We refuse all under ten, and have very
few over thirteen. Our expenses aré not heavy.
The teaching is entirely voluntary, we have no rent
to pay, and have the use of the piano in the Sunday
school room free. Our outfit was given to us. It
had been used for three years in a school which was
afterwards disbanded, and only needed to have some
articles replaced. Our greatest need at present is
more space, a larger room for marching and the
games, and smaller ones where more real work can
be taught. Our experiment was made last year on a
small scale, and we were utterly inexperienced, but
the improvement in the children was sufficient to give
us great encouragement, and to demonstrate the great
usefulness of the work in which we are engaged.
Very truly yours,
E. A. Merrill.
Plainfield, N. J., December 3,1884.
Our Kitchen Garden is really but a germ as yet.
The word history in its connection sounds very large.
Tho idea developed rather (at first) from a kindergar-
ten, one of which I attended nearly two years ago, in
Chicago. Then from items in tho Union I was led to
consider a Kitchen Garden the better object of the
two to work for, in that the results reached an older
class of children, in whom we all felt more interested
just then through our Band of Hope. We have not
started our school yet. Miss McCleos, of Yonkers,
has given a course of lessons to a number of our W.
C. T. U. members who now (the lessons having been
recently finished) are about to rehearse their
knowledge by teaching in turn some others for prac-
ticing themselves in part, to be followed, if thought
best by all, by instruction given to a charity class,"
and al«o to a class of our own children, whose pay-
ment of a moderate sum will help liquidate some of the
necessary expenses incurred in starting. The num-
ber of our first class was, I think, fifteen, and now we
have six others I think, who desire to avail them-
selves of our knowledge, and with them we com-
mence practice next week. Mrs. Geo. Lissignole
ha*s taken great interest in the work, being very
much interested in children, and we hope to do much
good.
I really thought I could reply to all of your ques-
tions more in detail, but as I read them over I find
we are not yet advanced sufficiently to have any
thing scarcely to say. 1 shall be glad to keep you in-


12
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President, I Miss Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Clara B. Fletcher, V.-P't, | Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Treasurer.
1gÔ§*Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. O. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post offlce, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, JANUARY, 1885.
The possibility and practicability of introducing
laundry work into the Kitchen Garden has been
tested, and the result is successful eiiough to act as
encouragement to those Kitchen Gardens who may
heretofore have doubted the advisability of making
such work a department in their schools, from the
standpoint of the pupil's ability, and to those who
have feared that too much labor and anxiety would
devolve upon the teachers. Neither idea has sug-
gested itself in the course of the experiment already
made.
Laundry work is a means of livelihood to a greater
number of poor women probably, than any other em-
ployment. Granting this fact and the natural infer-
ence that there is a great demand for laundresses, the
encouragement of a true knowledge of how to do
good washing and ironing, and instruction in the way
to do it is a scheme deserving recognition and prac-
tical support.
Just as soon as it becomes known that there are es-
tablishments where laundry work is taught in the
simplest and best way, and where work may be sent
with the gratifying, wholesome conviction that pure
water and mild soaps are used in the washing, and
clothes come off the clothes-bars without being
scorched, thus carrying the imagination of the be-
holder back delightfully to the days of their pristine
immaculate whiteness, instead of leaving "naught
but grief and pain for promised joy "—then children
will pour into the schools, and the women afterwards,
to learn the lesson of real cleanliness.
. In large, smoky cities, it is especially necessary
that the proper means of converting black linen into
fresh, dainty collars and cuffs, and appetizing table ac-
cessories, be taught and employed.
Some one has said that a man's self-respect asserts
itself the instant he puts on a stiff, clean, linen collar.
If this be true, and the moral character of an indi-
vidual depends so directly upon his stainless linen,
then surely it is a great and noble work to put into
the world the unconscious instruments of its respect-
ability.
May we not be allowed to change a couplet of
Burns to suit our occasion, no less dignified than
his:
"His laved, laundried, braw brent collar,
Showed him the gentleman and scholar."
On the Monday preceding the Christmas celebra-
tion, when the teachers of the Kitchen Garden met
to arrange for the following Saturday, a scene of the
direst confusion met their eyes on opening the door
of the room in which the meetings are usually held.
Men on scaffolding, chairs, tables, buckets, paints,
whitewash, and brushes jumbled together in what
seemed a most chaotic state. "Well, there's evidently
a mistake somewhere!" was the first exclamation.
On making inquiries, very little information was
at first obtained from the men, until finally perceiv-
ing that a spirit of earnestness pervaded the assem-
bly, and the next step would probably be fatal to
them,they reluctantly admitted that they were on a
secret mission, and had been instructed by Mrs. Jef-
fras of Mount Auburn, to surprise the ladies with a
Christmas gift of freshly whitened ceiling and newly
painted walls.
Mrs. Jeffras' gift is very much appreciated and the
friends of the Kitchen Garden are invited to come
down and see the pretty room with its white ceiling
and lovely blue walls before they have been assailed
by the Cincinnati demons of smoke and soot.
During a recent visit to Cincinnati, Miss Waite, of
Washington, having some idea of forming a Kitchen
Garden in that city, visited the School and attended
one of the teachers' meetings for the purpose of in-
quiring into the details of the work as carried on
here.
She expressed herself as pleased with the result ot
her visit, and promised to send to the Kitchen Gae-
den an account of her efforts in Washington should
they prove successful.
We wish her every success in the undertaking.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
13
THE KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION OF
CHICAGO.
The Kitchen Garden Association of Chicago has
for its object tho instruction of girls in household
work and the domestic arts.
The course of lessons given embraces household
work, elementary cooking, and sewing.
The girls taught in these classes put their lessons
into practico, and the result is a great improvement
in the appearance and conduct of their homes and
their consequent moral elevation.
There are many schools of this kind in operation
in New York, Boston, Cincinnati, and other cities.
The result of their exertions has been most encourag-
ing.
There are now several of these classes open in Chi-
cago. The Association will open a permanent school
on the North Side, with a trained resident teacher,
where normal and children's classes will be taught
daily; and, if sufficient encouragement is given to the
Association, this work will be enlarged into a Train-
ing-School for Servants.
All interested in our work are urgently requested
to contribute yearly the annual due of two dollars to
enable girls to be instructed in what will so soon ren-
der them useful and independent members of society.
The list of officers and managers is placed below;
any one of them will gladly receive and forward all
subscriptions to the treasurer.
officers:
President—Mrs. John Wilkinson, 482 LaSalle
Avenue.
Vice-Presidents—Mrs. Victor Lawson, 474 North
State Street; Mrs. G. B. Wilcox, 512 Washington
Boulevard; Mrs. Henry I. Cobb, 162 Bush Street.
Recording Secretary—Mrs. Lawrence A. Carton,
96 Washington Street.
Corresponding Secretary—Miss E. W. Towner, 350
Dearborn Avenue.
Treasurer—Miss Lillie A. Otis, 2011 Michigan
Boulevard.
managers:
Miss Arnold, 104 Pine Street; Mrs. T. B. Black-
stone, 252 Michigan Avenue; Miss Anna R. Bent-
ley, 2001 Indiana Avenue; Mrs. J. C. Coonley, 391
LaSalle Avenue; Mrs. Henry R. Durkee, 532 Wash-
ington Boulevard; Mrs. S.F.Davidson, 208 South
Paulina Street; Miss Gamble, 545 VanBuren Street;
Mrs. L. R. Hall, 361 Washington Boulevard; Mrs.
J.H.Hill, 3910 Langley Av enue; Mrs. Henrotin,
353 LaSalle Avenue; Miss Hammond, 2220 Calumet
Avenue; Miss Isham, 554 Wabash Avenue; Miss
Keep, 2014 Michigan Boulevard; Miss L. E. F. Kim-
ball, 644 Monroe Street; Mrs. Owen, 3340 Wabash
Avenue; Miss Ryerson. 410 Dearborn Avenue; Miss
Skinner, 100 Rush Street; Mrs. Schaeffer, 314 La-
Salle Avenue; Miss Saltonstall, 221 South Paulina
Street; Miss Schackford, 248 LaSalle Avenue; Mrs.
A. N. Waterman, 54l5 Randolph Street; Mrs. J. H.
Woodworth, 3505 Indiana Avenue; Mrs. Willard,
817 Sheldon Street.
CHICAGO LETTER.
The completion of tho new Industrial School build-
ing of Unity Church, and the dedicatory exercises
which took place last Sunday, supply a welcome
theme for my letter. Our friends of Unity Church
have a right to a feeling of pride and gratitude in tho
final success of their most dearly loved scheme, as a
living result and testimony of the faith which in-
spired it as well as upon the principles of simple
humanitarianism. The history of the Industrial
School contains perhaps no features of striking im-
portance or interest abovo those found in the experi-
ence of similar institutions, yet deserves brief repeti-
tion in tho friendly columns of the Register.
The school originated in a little sewing class, whoso
members were gathered in once a week from among
the ragged, outcast children of the streets by the
ladies ol Unity Church the winter after the great
fire—an event which produced such sudden loss and
suffering among all classes of people that tho bond of
sympathy between rich and poor, high and low,
seemed only the more strengthened. Interest in the
small band of needle-women increased, until, by the
aid of private subscriptions, funds were gathered to
rent a room and open a regular school. A locality
was selected in the worst portion of the city, bearing
the rough but suggestive title of " Little Hell "—a
choice which implied the possession of high faith and
courago on the part of those making it, but which the
subsequent history of the school has completely justi-
fied, the neighborhood having undergone a most grat-
ifying change, both in appearanco and character,
within the last eight years. Other branches of indus-
try were soon added to the sewing department, that
of thorough domestic training being justly deemed
the most important. Classes in cookery and other
forms of household service were started with the pur-
pose of .fitting these poor and unfortunate girls to be-
come efficient servants. The enterprise suffered from
many discouragements; but its friends never lost
courage, and by careful management were always
able to foot up. the year's expenses with a small
amount on the credit side of the column. About" two


14
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
years ago, Unity Church lost, in the death of Mr. Eli
Bates, an old and honored member, and one of its
gonerous supporters. His will contained a provision
for a bequest of twenty thousand dollars to be applied
to the purchase of a lot and the erection of a building
to be known as Unity Church Industrial School.
The funds were placed in charge of the trustees, who
soon after appointed a building committee, and the
labor of construction was begun. The building is ex-
ceedingly plain in exterior appearances, but the in-
side arrangements are of a substantial and convenient
order, which amply compensates for the lack of archi-
tectural ornament. The grounds, though not
spacious, afford sufficient room for play and exercise,
and when put in complete order, with green sod and
a few growing trees, will afford a most grateful object
of vision to the residents of that cheerless locality,
and be in itself an influence of no mean educational
value. A large, sunny school-room, pleasant parlors,
a convenient dining-room, and perfectly appointed
kitchen and laundry, together with several bed-rooms,
a play-room, and big attic with windows on every
side, and plenty of closets and bath-rooms, make up
the interior arrangements. Many words of thanks
and praise were bestowed upon Mr. W. C. Dow, who
superintended the erection of the building, for the
thorough and admirable manner in which the entire
work had been executed. The service of dedication
was very simple, but sufficient and appropriate. A
brief account of the school was read by one of the
directors, followed by a report of the building com-
mittee and the formal acceptance by the chairman of
the trustees. In a few expressivo words, Mr. Batch -
elor dedicated tho new building to the high trusts and
uses it was intended to servo, and invoked blessing on
the same in prayer. Tho ministers of the other three
Unitarian churches, being present, extended each
a few congratulatory remarks, closing with a word
from Mr. Galvin, who, both as a Unitarian minister
and one of the representative charitable workers in
the city, found fitting place among the rest. Not
among the least pleasant recollections of this occasion
is that of the happy, triumphant faces of the women,
who from the first have stood as friends and self-
sacrificing workers for the cause, and were now
gathered to take note and felicitate themselves upon
its present successful issue. May the contagion of
their good and faithful example spread far and wide!
— C. P. W., in Christian Register.
Blessed is the man who has found his work; let
him ask no other blessedness.—Carlyle.
THE COOKING GARDEN CLASS.
BY LOUISE J. KIRKWOOD.
It is evening at Wilson's Mission House in New
York, and one of its rooms, used at night to dark-
ness, is now brightly lighted. In one end of it is a
shining cooking-stove, and beside it is a supply of
kindlings and coal. In the center of the room is a
long pine table; on it are dishes, cups, knives, forks,
spoons, bowls, pans, measures, rolling-pin, molding-
board, flour, baking-powdor, butter, salt, milk, po-
tatoes, and soaking codfish. About the table are
grouped twelve young girls, from fifteen to seventeen
years of ago. At the head of it is Miss Huntington,
of kitchen garden fame. On a column over against
the table is pinned up a bill of fare—it reads:
Picked Codfish,
Mashed Potatoes,
Biscuit,
Butter-pats.
We are thus introduced to Miss Huntington's
Cooking Garden Class. Cooking spelled with a " k,"
she laughingly declares it shall be, that it may fit the
monogram of the Kitchen Garden—from which root
it springs, promising to be a fruitful branch, and
worthy of the family coat-of-arms.
The girls who form this class are from that large
number who are at work in their shops all day, fol-
lowing their various trades, working at feathers and
flowers, coats and vests, bullions and trimmings.
Two of them are young waiting-maids, eager to add
to their stock of knowledge; for they—as do the
others of tho class—look forward to a time when they
shall have homes of their own, and each be the mis-
tress of a kitchen. Yet all untrained to deftness in
its arts they will enter it, unless some friendly help,
like this of the Cooking Garden Class, be extended
to them.
Balancing all plans and opinions, a course of twelve
lessons was determined upon, each lesson to be re-
peated twice, that none might miss learning thor-
oughly each step.
It also seemed wise to try some plain, simple
dishes, such as, at a cost they each might afford, they
could purchase materials for and try over for them-
selves at home.
Gathered about the table as we have described, the
class was organized, and the work of each assigned.
Two turned to the stove, which "went good" for us,
they approvingly remark afterward.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
15
The codfish properly soaked, well drained, and
dried, two girls with forks pull it into a heap of
dainty shreds. One girl watches another as she
tries her skill at molding butter-pats. Perfectly
formed tbey come out at last, and the quiet satisfac-
tion of the artist seemed somewhat akin to the tri-
umph of sculptors. There are two girls over a pan
of potatoes, peeling them carefully. But the most
serious part of the lesson is the making of the bis-
cuit. There is earnest observation of eveiy step in
the operation. The sifting, mixing, and molding go
quickly on; for briskness enters into the receipt as
much as does the baking-powder. It is an inexpe-
rienced hand which mixes and molds, but she pleads
eagerly for the privilege, saying, "Oh! please let
me; I never mixed nothing."
In a few minutes they are in the pan, all evenly
arranged and lightly pricked, then shoved into the
well-heated oven. "What if they should n't puff
up?" says one. "But they will," says another; "for
they are made exactly right." When the moment
comes to take a look into the oven, there is a quick
glance and a joyful exclamation, "Be-a-u-tiful! let
them be," and the oven-door closes.
The potatoes now become the center of attraction.
A pair of the cooks take charge of them, and drain
off the water. They must be mashed. "With what?"
"A pounder," they reply. "No, a fork will do it far
better; rattle it around, and beat them well while
the milk is heating." Beat! beat I "Now put in
the butter; turn in the milk." The mass is white
and fluffy. "Pile it about the edges of the platter;
do not smooth it; now turn into the middle of the
platter the fish, which has been stewing for a little in
the milk and butter." -' It is like a volcano," says
one. "Yes. Shove it into the oven now, and let it
get a crust of brown."
The last touches must be given to the table, which
is already set with its knives, forks, and. plates. The
cold water is on, the biscuit and the butter-pats.
"The potatoes are now touched with brown. So
bring on the platter."
The meal is served. It is the young cook's first
cooking garden triumph! — The Children's Home
Becord.
CORRESPONDENCE.
New Castle, Pa., December 8, 1884.
The work here is yet in its infancy, having been
started about five weeks ago. We knew very little
about the work except what we learned by visiting
Miss Southworth's school in Cleveland, to whom we
are indebted for many ideas which prove valuable.
Our school is under the care of the young ladies of
the United Presbyterian Church.
Being myself a teacher in the public schools of
this city, I found the need of such an institution, and
started with seven little girls of my acquaintance,
who came from the lowest families in the city. I
found many ready and willing to help, and the school
now numbers twenty-six. We have only a sewing
school at present, but hope to develop a Kitchen
Garden by and by.
We are not properly organized as yet, but will
send an account to publish in a short time.
Mary A. Burton.
The following is from Miss Ida Stevens, director
of the Ninth Street Baptist Church Kitchen Garden:
Cincinnati, December 15, 1884.
To the Kitchen Garden:
Our school reopened the first Saturday in Novem-
ber with a good attendance. We have added to the
work this year a laundry, using the toy tubs, boards,
etc., and a dining-room, with the large dishes. We
have enrolled seventy children, with an average at-
tendance of fifty. Three new teachers have given us
their services. Our teachers' meetings are held in
the lecture-room of the church, on Tuesdays, at three
o'clock. We find your paper of the greatest use to
us in our meetings. I would advise all who are su-
perintending similar schools to induce their teachers
to avail themselves of the help this paper affords.
THE CHEISTMAS CELEBRATION.
On the Saturday before Christmas, December 20,
the children of the Kitchen Garden had one of the
merriest and happiest of Christmas célebrations.-
The day was very cold, but clear and bright, and
by ten o'clock sixty-one little girls were in readiness
to march into the large front room, which had been
closed since Santa Claus' visit the afternoon before.
A large and beautifully decorated Christmas tree
stood in one corner near the folding doors, in the
opposite corner a number of immense, curious shaped
stockings showed that "Grandma" had been real
generous and loaned several pairs of stockings for
Santa to "cram with goodies." The mantel was
covered with cornucopias of candy, a small screen
near the tree was hung with tiny willow baskets also
filled with candy, and on a table at the foot of the
tree was a collection of toys sent by children from
their stores at home, many of which, though slightly
damaged, proved of greater interest to the children
than some of the pretty new things. Several baskets


16
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
of oranges and some very acceptable worn clothing
were also sent in.
After the opening songs and several of the pretty
bright Christmas carols, the babies from the nursery
were brought down stairs. While the children were
singing "Hang up the baby's stocking," one of the
curious stockings was presented to the matron to dis-
tribute its contents amongst her little ones.
Some of the children gave some impromptu recita-
tions which were a surprise to the teachers as well as
to the children. After singing a number of their
favorite songs, a luncheon of crackers, c:ikes, und milk
was served upstairs, the cap bonbons which were dis-
tributed at that time creating much merriment.
Then came the games, distribution of cornucopia?,
baskets, and bonbons, and finally the surprise for each
child in the stockings, one of which was presented to
each class. The children promised out of the many
pretty things which" they had received they would
each select one and take it to some poor child who
would have no Christmas celebration.
The tree and decorations were left for the Kinder-
garten celebration which took place the following
Tuesday.
The names of some of the kind friends who contrib-
uted to make the day so successful and pleasant, are
given below. Some few may be omitted, as several
of the packages were unmarked; but to all we tender
our heartfelt thanks.
Miss Allen, Miss Butler, Mrs. Fred. Brown, Miss
Doane, Mrs. Eckstein, the Misses Fletcher, Miss E.
Field, Miss Fithian, the Misses Goepper, Mrs. Gen.
Hickenlooper, Mr. George H. Hill, Miss Holabird,
Herbert Jenney, Mrs. Howard Hin к le, Mrs. H. L.
Laws, Bradford Laws, the Misses Laws, Mrs. Fred.
Huntington, Mrs. Dr. Langdon, Miss Ella Howard,
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Mrs. Dr. Eansahoff, Miss Mary
Bopes, Mrs. Bamsey, Miss Maud Stone, Miss Stan-
wood, Mrs. Geo. Shocnberger, Miss Westendorf, Mrs.
Dr. Williams, Miss Wayne, Mrs. L. C. Weir, Mrs. Ed.
Wayne, Miss Swift, Miss Thoms.
The wisdom of the Almighty has so ordered things
that one cause produces many effects. Whilo we are
looking into another's mind and forming their tem-
pers, we are insensibly correcting our own; and
every act of benevolence which we exert to our fel-
low creatures does ourselves the most essential ser-
vices.
Active virtue fits us for the society of more ex-
alted beings. Our philanthropy is a proof, we are
told, that we are capable of loving our Creator. In-
deed this divine love or charity appears to me the
principal trait that remains of the illustrious image
of the Deity, which was originally stamped on the
soul, and which is to be renewed.—" Thoughts on the
Education of Daughters," by Mary Wollstonecraft.
HANG UP THE BABY'S STOCKING.
Hang up the baby's stocking,
Be'suro you do n't forget;
The dear little dimpled darling
Has never seen Christmas yet.
Hut I've told her all about it,
And she opened her big blue eyes;
I'm sure she understands it,
She looks so cunning and wise.
Denr! What a tiny stocking,
It does n't take much to hold
Such little pink toes as baby's
Away from the frost and cold.
But then, for the baby's Christmas
It will never do, at all;
Why .Santa would n't be looking
For any thing half so small.
I know what we '11 do for the baby,
1 've thought of the very best plan;
I '11 borrow a stocking from Grandma,
The longest that ever I can;
And you'll hang it by mine, dear Mother,
Bight here in the corner, so,
And write a letter to Santa,
And fasten it on to the toe.
Write: "This is the baby's stocking
That hangs in the corner here;
You never have seen her, Santa,
For she only came this year.
But she's just the blessedest baby 1
And, now, before you go,
Just cram her stocking with goodies,
From the top clear down to the toe."
One of the kind friends of the Kitchen Garden
recently donated a large package of crocus bulbs,
which have been planted by some of the little ones
of the Kindergarten in the yard back of the house,
which promises, when spring opens, to be a pleasant
little garden spot. The children thought it a very
funny time to be planting a garden—but laid the lit-
tle bulbs carefully in their winter beds, and soon
afterwards the pretty white snow laid a coverlet over
them just as in their little " Autumn Song." The chil-
dren are now eagerly awaiting the time when the
awakening shall come when they can sing again,
"Now the garden beds are blooming," and when the
bright little heads will peep above the ground mark-
ing with the letters K. G. the place of the pleasant
Kindergarten and Kitchen Garden.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. II. No. 3.
CINCINNATI, MARCH, 1885.
Price, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO- turning their attention in different directions from the
CIATION. courses into whkh they might drift if left entirely to
themselves; even those who do not expect to make
During the past two months the extreme cold household work a means of livelihood may find, on
weather interfered somewhat with the attendance at acquiring a knowledge of how, and what to do, an
the Kitchen Garden, but for several weeks the num- interest and attraction in that kind of work which
ber of pupils has been gradually increasing, so that so often, from a lack of knowledge seems the most
at present seventy are enrolled. There is still room uninteresting kind of drudgery. Then too, every
for more, however, and we should be glad to form one girl presumably is interested in making some home
or two additional classes of girls from twelve to six- clean, bright, pleasant and attractive; and in teach-
teen years of age. ing in the Kitchen Garden it should be as much a
The general arrangement of the school is the same part of the work of the teacher to encourage her
as given in last number of the Kitchen Garden. children to make their own homes neat and atlrae-
One question has given rise lately to some discus- tive, to show them how to make the best of what little
sion amongst those particularly interested in this they have, how to keep themselves and their surround-
work; that is, as to the advisability of admitting girls ings clean, at least, and if they have but one room,
into the school who say that they do not expect to to make it as bright and pleasant as possible, as to
"live out," as the expression is used, perhaps because prepare them for work in households where the great-
so few have opportunities of really living in the est embarrassment to them often is the multiplicity of
homes which they enter; whether it is better to things with which they are unfamiliar—one aim of
limit the attendance strictly to those who expect to the Kitchen Garden being to supply many of those
utilize their knowledge at the earliest opportunity by articles which are in general use in many households,
taking places in households, or to take all who may but with even the names of which these children are
apply without discrimination as to what their future often unacquainted from never having opportunities
lives may be. in their own homo of seeing and using them.
To some, it seems a discouraging fact that many of Every girl should know some thing of household
these children, after having a considerable amount of work, and those who go into factories are the very
time, patience, care, and attention bestowed upon ones who will have least opportunity of learning by
training them in the various details of nice house- actual experience. It seems, therefore, an excellent
hold work, should begin work as soon as they leave thing if, before they are fairly launched into that sort
school, in cigar and other factories, tailor shops, etc., of life, they should at least have some little chance of
instead of becoming housemaids; and the question acquiring a knowledge of, and perhaps a taste for,
comes, is not this work a waste of time on the part of household work which may perchance aid them some-
children and teachers, but especially on the part of what in preparing for a future home life.
teachers, when this happens to be the result? There Girls of ten, eleven, and twelve aro almost too
is another way of looking at the question, however: young to have a very definite idea of what they will
whatever the ambitions of many of these young girls, be obliged to do later in life, except of course in ex-
tbey can not tell what positions the exigencies of life ceptional cases. There is one attraction about factory
may place them in, the only thing they do know cer- life which household work does not possess for young
tainly is, that they have their own way in life to girls, and that is, when work is over there is some
make, and every added facility for work will make time for relaxation and recreation, opportunities for
it just so much the easier for them to depend upon meeting other young people and having pleasant
themselves. In many cases there is the possibility of times together, which compensates for strict confine-


18 THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
ment, hard work, and perhaps small pay, though in keeper must select her own date. It is advisable, as
most cases, for young girls that sort of work is more much as possible, to observe some order and syetem,
remunerative than household work. but when painting and whitening aro to bo done the
Perhaps if there were more effort on the part of .system can not be rigidly enforced. The Cincinnati
housekeepers to make the lives of those dependent atmosphere makes the use of soap or some substitute
upon them pleasant, to give them some opportunities imperative, which in some cities might not be nec-
for enjoyment, instead of making a continual exae- essary.
tion upon their time, less difficulty would be experi- If chimneys aro tobe swept and furnace and range
enced in filling the numberless vacant places. flues cleaned, it is well to have that done first.
The following extracts are from a little book called One good order to observe is, first, cellar, then attic,
"From Attic to Cellar," a book for young house- bed-rooms, parlor, library, dining-rooms,halls, stairs,
keepers, written by Mrs. Oakey, which contains kitchen, etc.
some good suggestions. Cellar.—In cleaning cellar, close all registers in
"Treat servants with confidence and consideration, the house; if furnace ashes or ashes from grates on
and do not suspect them .of doing wrong. They upper floors drop into cellar ash-bins, have all the
must be trusted more or less by the whole household, ashes removed, coal-bins cleaned out and get supply
and trust, in most cases, begets a sense of responsi- of coal, clear away all rubbish, chop wasto boxes for
bility. Require careful performance of their duties, kindling, brush down walls and whitewash them,
strict obedience to orders, tidiness and cleanliness in clean windows; if. cellar floor be of brick, stone, or
their persons, respectful manners and willing service; cement, scrub it; if not, sweep thoroughly; where
make them understand how much their good conduct there is a vegetable cellar, clean walls and floor as
adds to the comfort of the whole household. They above, scrub shelves and stairs leading to cellar,
must have time to do their washing and keep their leave windows open in daytime to thoroughly dry
clothes in order, or they can not be clean and tidy. and air, and see that every tiling is sweet and fresh
Treat them with kindness, but not with familiarity. and in perfect order.
Allow them to see their friends in the evening. If Attic.—Take out of attic all useless articles, all
you deny them the privilege of companionship, you carpets and woolen fabries that have been stowed
establish an unnatural condition which is a premium away, beat and brush, hang them in the air, fold
for deceit and worse than deceit. Servants will have smoothly, sprinkle camphor between the folds or lay
friends, even lovers. Do not compel them to hide in cloths wet with carbolic acid among them, wrap ar-
areas, or to make appointments, but let every thing tides in newspapers or linen and lay away in closets
be honest and above board. or trunks; unbleached muslin is also said to keep
"There are, and must be differences in the modes of out moths; walls of attic should be brushed ; if white-
pleasure and enjoyment, and in the gratification of washed, rewashed when necessary, every article
wants and wishes, but there is a common woman- dusted, windows cleaned, door and floor scrubbed-
hood. Let us remember this gratefully, and feel how Bedrooms.—First take down all draperies, shak-
much it is in the power of every mistress of a house- ing out portieres, lambrequins and all woolen or silk
hold to elevate those she employs. Let your servants hangings; lay on a long table and rub material on
look for your presence as an aid and assistance each side with lintless cloths; window shades should
toward seeing their work more clearly. be taken down; if not to be washed, rub with clean
"' Good mistresses make good servants,' is an old cloth, roll up tightly and put away until the room is
adage and usually true. cleaned; take down pictures, handling frames with
"A good and faithful servant may be one of the best soft cloths, so as not to injure or stain or leave finger-
friends of a family. In sickness her services are marks on frame; place them out of the way of people
sometimes invaluable." and of danger to themselves; remove the furniture,
• « » « ♦ and if carpet is to be lifted, take out all tacks first
HINTS FOB HOUSE-CLEANING. with tack-lifter, fold or roll carpet and have it re- moved, take the lining out into the yard and have it
The time for the spring house-cleaning is not so swept off on both sides, piled together and put away
far off but that a few suggestions may now be given until needed. In cleaning closets, remove all articles
in good season. The particular month or time for from shelves, drawers and pegs, dust the boxes and
this upheaval depends so much on the seasonable shake whatever is folded in them in the open air,
weather and domestic arrangements that each house- take out the drawers, scrub them and the frames in


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
19
which they are set, then the shelves, paint, and lastly
floor; leave drawers and doors until thoroughly dry,
then put things back, observing the order in which
they were placed; bureau, washstand and chiffonier
drawers, if varnished, need only be washed with a
soft cloth and Roap-suds; if fires have been used, take
out all soot and ashes, stuff chimneys, put in summer
front, polish and blacken grate-bars, wrap in paper
and put away in attic.
To clean painted walls, first brush off dust, take
tepid water and pour in a littlo ammonia (do not use
soap unless walls are very dirty); begin at ceiling
and work down, washing only what can be easily
reached at once, squeeze out cloth or sponge to pre-
vent dripping. A suggestion made by a wall-painter
has been tried and found excellent, namely: Instead
of drying the walls after being washed with a dry
cloth, rub up and down with cloth wrung out in clear
water, leaving wall to dry of itself; this prevents
blurring. Soft canton flannel bags, made to slip on
and be tied around a broom, are good to use for dust-
ing frescoed or papered walls, beginning at the cor-
nice and coming down to the baseboard with even
pressure. All walls should be cleaned straight up
and down, and never across. If walls are to be ro-
papered, the old paper should be scraped off, then
doors and windows cleaned, and then repaper; this
to prevent possible splashing of new paper.
Cornices, ceilings and^ high projections should be
thoroughly dusted with a long handled feather duster.
Wood-work.—For painted wood-work use soft flan-
nel and warm water, wringing the flannel out so that
no water will drip. Black walnut wood-work should
be cleaned with linseed oil on cotton, and rubbed off
thoroughly with dry cotton. Light woods need only
be cleaned by cold water, soft cloths and polishing
with flannel.
Mirrors and window-panes are cleaned by washing
with cold water, with a little bluing in it, and a sponge
or lintless cloth; polish with boiled paper muslin
cloths, chamois or soft paper; when very dirty put a
little ammonia into the water, rub up and down, al-
ways in same direction.
Marble mantels.—Never use any thing harsh
that will scratch the fine polish; unless very dirty,
soft cloths and water will be sufficient.
Pictures.—Before rehanging pictures, dust the
frames thoroughly, wash glass, if there is one, and
wipe it dry, so it will be perfectly clear. If pictures
i»re hung by wire, it should be burnished (sapolio will
answer nicely); if cord is used, brush it and see if
moths have eaten it.
Chandeliers.—Eemove globes and wash them,
brush the chandelier with fine hair dust brush, burn-
ers may be brushed with an old tooth-brush. If
chandeliors are of bronze, rub with a little sweet oil;
if of gilt, wipe with soft cloth; replace globes.
Bed.—Remove mattress from bed, and if possible
place it in the sun to air; beat with a strap or rattan
to remove dust and loosen hair; if covered with some
wash material that should be washed. If a cotton
mattress is not used, it is well to have a comfort made
just the size of the mattress and covered with some
good wash material; it adds to the protection of the
bed. A pleasant soft comfort is made of wool. Once a
year the tufting of the comfort can be cut and the
cover washed and retufted. This work is slight when
compared to the comforts of a clean soft bed. Wash
bedstead thoroughly with strong brine and use insect
powder in the cracks and joinings. If the bedstead is
old, it is well to have it varnished thoroughly in those
places where there is likely to be trouble. Buy a lit-
tie varnish ata paint shop and a small brush,and you
can easily do it.
Furniture, if upholstered, must be beaten with a
rattan; if tufted, brush out creases, especially around
the buttons. If any article can not be cleaned by
rubbing with dry cloth, take a little clean warm
water and wash it and wipe with clean dry cloth.
If furniture is old and very much soiled, use a little
soap or ammonia in the water. The following recipe
is also used for cleaning furniture; To one quart of
hot water add one tablespoonful of linseed oil and
one of turpentine; wash the wood-work of furniture
with this and polish with chamois. Beware of using
patent furniture washes on valuable pieces of fur-
niture.
Ornaments should be carefully handled. Delicate
glass and china should be washed in a paper basin
or any other basin with a heavy soft cloth thrown
over it, that they may not strike any thing hard.
Bronzes may ordinarily be cleaned by rubbing
with a soft cloth; if very dirty, rub with a little
sweet oil. Never use water and never sapolio or soap.
Matting is well cleaned by putting a handful of
salt in cold water and washing the matting, then
carefully drying, and it will be clean and white.
Wooden carpets may be cleaned by rubbing with
beeswax and turpentine. Melt a piece of beeswax
the size of an egg in a coffee cup of turpentine; let
it cool and it will be of the consistency of lard; ap-
ply with flat brush, rub off well and polish with soft
cloth.
Book-cases.—Begin cleaning at the top shelves
and clean one shelf at a time, wipe off books and put
back in place; if shelves need scrubbing, do one case


20
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
at a time, placing the books of each shelf in a pile,
so that they may be returned in proper order. Do
not put back books until shelves are perfectly dry;
otherwise books will get moldy.
Stains.—Ink spilt on carpet can be removed by
dissolving a teaspoonful of bin-oxalate of potassa
(salts of lemon) in a half teacupful of water, and
with a cloth well moistened with the solution rub the
spot until it disappears; wash out immediately in
several waters.
Acid stains on woolen goods, as carpets or uphol-
stered furniture, can be taken out with ammonia.
Paint on woolens can be taken out by sponging
with ether.
Directions for removing rust spots, polishing brass,
removing stains from ivory, taking rust from steel,
and renovating fluid for taking out grease spots can
be found in Vol. I., page 7, of the Kitchen Garden.
For cleaning faucets, hinges, door-knobs, bell-
handles, if silver-plated, take a damp cloth, rub on
a little whiting, rub off with soft cloth and polish
with chamois; when black or stained, take a little
ammonia, with whiting, etc.
Tinware is made to look as bright as new, no mat-
ter how much blackened or dirty, by dampening a
cloth, dipping in common soda and rubbing briskly.
For cleaning kitchen, see Vol. I., page 37. -
Dusting cloths may be made of cheese cloth.
These make good dusters, and should always be
hemmed.
Old underwear makes good cloths for cleaning
paint.
Common towels should never be used for cleaning.
They soon become worn from hard usage and of a
bad color.
Old bed linen makes good window cloths. but
should be torn into proper pieces and hemmed.
Good cloths for washing toilet ware, as well as
paints and windows, can be made by taking old
stocking legs, cutting them down the seam, and run-
ning two together on the machine. By putting tho
wide end of one with the narrow end of another, you
get a good sized cloth, soft and free from lint. All
cleaning cloths should be regularly washed and
boiled at most convenient times, either on the regular
washing day or at some other time by the housemaid.
A number of these suggestions have been taken
from " Household Economy," Mrs. Willard's Primer
on " Bedroom, Parlor and Laundry," and " Practical
Recipes," by Ladies of the Sevonth Presbyterian
Church of Cincinnati.
COEBESPONDENCE.
St. Paul, Minn., February 14, 1885.
We decided to begin with twenty-four scholars,
that being the largest number which we can now
conveniently accommodate, of ages ranging from six
to twelve; we charge an admittance fee of twenty-
five cents to defray expenses incurred in purchasing
our outfit; the scholars are all children of our San-
day-school or their friends. The meetings are to be
held fortnightly, on Saturday afternoons, in the club-
room of Unity Church (Unitarian). The teachers
are four or five of our church ladies, who have kindly
volunteered their services as managers, assisted by
two or threo younger ladies, who come to help wher-
ever they are needed.
Our first meeting, held this afternoon, was, we
thought, very successful, considering that the work
was so very new to us. We used the table-setting
"occupation," and closely followed the program
given in the book, only having time to set the table
once. The twenty-one children (of our twenty-four)
who were present seemed very much interested,
marched very well, and learned their first song in a
remarkably short time, but when it came to arrang-
ing their little dishes they were rather at sea.
I hope that later on, I shall have something more
and better to write you, and from our present pros-
pects I think I shall. Our possibilities seem very-
fine, and as for our realities we shall see.
Tours truly,
Adelaide M..McCaine.
Plainfield, N. J., January 17, 1885.
Our Charity Class commenced with eighteen pupils
yesterday, and a paid class of twenty-one (which will
next week have an addition of three), was started this
morning. We did very well, I think, as beginners. All
seemed to be interested and satisfied, and I believe will
feel that the result in the homes will repay the labor
and sacrifice, for it is no very easy matter for some,
housekeepers especially, to devote so much time to tho
work as is necessarily required. We charge §1.00 for
six lessons or six weeks, tho loss their own if they
miss, because the class could not be kept back or in-
convenienced by the absence of one or two members.
As soon as another class is formed, those losing les-
sons in the first class may find a vacancy in the next.
Of course, we ourselves are new to it all just now, and
may think of some "better ways" by-and-bye. I am
very much pleased with your Kitchen Garden, and
enjoy reading about the efforts of others. I am sure
1 shall be glad to report any thing which may possibly
benefit others, and will comply with your request to
write occasionally of our progress. Truly yours,


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
21
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLI8HED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President, I Miss'Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Clara B. Fletcher, V.-P't, | Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Treasurer.
J®*Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. 0. Box, 1168, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-offlce, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, MARCH, 1885.
In one of the smaller Eastern cities a large sum of
money has just been left by a lady for the establish-
ment of an Industrial School. This is a fact of some
significance. That the necessity is very great for
teaching childron the work they are to do for aliving is
further proven by the testimony of those who have
been the heads of households for many years. A
lady who has kept house for more than half a
century in the same simple, old-fashioned, Now
England way, is heard to deplore the dearth of good
servants to-day as sincerely as the young wife just
starting out in her new home in one of our modern
Western cities. We are justified in inferring that not
all the discomfiture of the present state of domestic
affairs is to be ascribed to the bad management of
housekeepers of the present day. The common com-
plaint about our help is lack of interest on their part
and utter indifference as to whether or not the thing
done is perfectly and precisely done. This is because
many realize that if these duties become irksome, if
they are discontented in their homes, they can find
places in factories of many kinds, where the work is
mere routine, with more hours of entire freedom after
it. This factory work they consider, on the whole, of
rathor a higher order of merit, because of the inde-
pendence it brings after the labor of the day is done.
Kitchen Gardens have it in their power to remove
these evils : indifference to the opinion of those whose
work is being done, and lack of appreciation of the
dignity of housework over that of factory work. In
Kitchen Gardens there should be taught and imbued
a pride in the keeping and-ordering of homes, whether
they be the homes of the children who attend or the
homes of the more prosperous and wealthy. That
every effort to make that place attractive whore many
people meet for social intercourse, and to brighten a
homo which can be made the inspirer of our best
thoughts, is an effort to be praised and encouraged—
that housework is dignified and wholesomer than any
other. A plea for tho application of the lessons
learned in the school is that the children coming from
homes where neatness and order prevail appeal much
more powerfully to the interest and sympathy of those
who would help them. Success in these teachings
will redound in two directions: the comfort of the
children themselves will be greatly increased when
they sweeten and brighten their own homes, and
these same children will be fitted for supporting them-
selves by honest, remunerative work, for which there
is always a demand.
MORAL ELEVATION OF GIELS.
Some years ago, a lady in New York, who had
been teaching little girls household duties through
tho Kitchen Garden system, asked herself why this
same system, in modified fojm, could not be used in
training oider girls and women. She hired a bright,
cheerful room in a central locality, and by means of
cordial invitations, gathered around her, one even-
ing every week, a large class of working girls, all
poor yet self-supporting. Several came from fac-
tories, some from dress-makers' or millinery estab-
lishments, others from shops.
The first evening fifteen were present, and as a
bright fire was burning in the grate, it was chosen as
the subject for discussion. The teacher told them of
the different phases through which the coal and wood
had passed before assuming their present forms.
Then the lesson became more practical, and the proper
way to prepare, build, and light a fire was thor-
oughly explained.
To the teacher's surprise, several of the girls ac-
knowledged that they always used kerosene to make
the fire burn more quickly. The danger of using
kerosene in this way was explained to them.
From this simple beginning followed a course of
evening meetings, very interesting to the teacher and
even more so to the girls.
Ono evening the subject was "Tho home; what it
should be, and how to make it."
Several successive meetings were devoted to house-


22
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
hold work—the kitchen, the laundry, the bedroom,
and how to set an attractive table. Again, several
evenings were employed in the discussion of hygiene.
Here the interest of the girls became intense, and it
was difficult for the teacher to induce thom to leave
at the usual hour. Questions were always freely
asked, and answered at once, if possible; when diffi-
culties occurred, information was sought, and the
reply given at the next meeting.
One evening will be long remembered. The talk
was upon health. A chart of the human body hung
on the wall. Surprised and pleased, the girls lin-
gered over it, and took home to themselves the plain
words which were spoken. One bright girl, who
worked all day at a dress-maker's, and went home at
night to a small room on the top floor of a First
Avenue tenement, looked up at last, and said:
"Miss , why did we not know these things
beforo?"
When the teacher answered, "I do not know, Jen-
nie," she said:
"But, Miss , I think we ought to have known
them; we should have been taught them at school!"
The earnest, longing expression of her face spoke
of deep feeling.
What to do in emergencies and sudden accidents
was then taught, and instances were given of pres-
ence of mind and immediate helpful action. Plain
directions were also given for sick nursing, the care
of children, plain sewing, upon what to read, sys-
tem, economy, and upon whatever constitutes a
woman's dignity and worth in her household. After
an hour spent in talking, the taste of the girls was
cultivated by singing, playing on tho piano, and good
reading. The interest was well sustained, and the
attendance was good.
A heavy storm occurred each winter. On one of
these evenings the snow was so deep that the om-
nibuses could not run, yet on both occasions several
girls wcro present, some walking a mile to get there.
When tho teacher remonstrated with them for com-
ing such a distance on such a night, they answered:
"We knew you would be here, and we like to
come when there are few, for we can ask more ques-
tions."'
A faithful teacher of an Industrial School has
worked for a long time in another part of New York
teaching not only during the day but also at night.
Two or three years ago, she felt obliged to discharge
a certain number of her older girls to make room
for younger ones. They worked all day in stores or
factories, and had been in the habit of coming to the
school. A few evenings after their dismissal, they
came in a body begging to be taken back. They
said:
"Miss S -, we can not stay at home, there is no
room for us there. You have taught us not to go on
tho street; what can we do?"
The loving teacher was perplexed, but finally con-
sented to let the girls come in and help her. From
this teacher and these girls has grown what they
call a "Helping Hand," having nearly fifty mem-
bers. The girls meet in tho school-room, or at their
teacher's home on certain evenings, and have learned
to work for others as well as for themselves. In the
summer, after work hours, they visit sick children in
tenement houses, and distribute flowers which they
get from the flower mission. In the winter they
contribute a weekly sum from their earnings to buy
material which they make into baby garments and
gowns for sick mothers. Several of the girls have
married steady, well-to-do young men, and still be-
long to the Helping Hand, where they love to meet
their friends. These girls are poor, yet have ac-
complished, and arc accomplishing great things.
Again, a young lady whose home is near some large
factories, had a desire to influence the thousands of
girls employed in them, so went to work to establish
a library. After consultation with some of the factory
people, she obtained the use of a room in the neigh-
borhood, and permission to post placards in the factory
yards announcing the opening of a "Circulating
Library for Working Girls." She collected books,
and advertised the library in the weekly papers and
in some of the principal neighboring shops. The
first afternoon, three girls only came in. The young
lady having undertaken the office of librarian met
them in that capacity only. She was thoroughly bus-
iness like, and the girls saw that there was no charity,
but a regular library with all its advantages. The
following week, when tho room was next opened,
forty came. Soon it was found necessary to employ
the services of a paid librarian, and before a year had
passed, three hundred girls were regularly taking out
books. The following year this number increased to
six hundred. Other young ladies became interested,
and the stock of books was constantly renewed. The
third winter, embroidery and choral classes were
started in tho room upon certain evenings, the girls
paying for tbe instruction received. Now, a large,
pleasant house has been taken, papered, carpeted, and
prettily furnished. Here are to be machines and
sewing appliances in one room, in another a piano
and music, and in the third tho library, with its books,
papers, magazines, and writing materials. Down
stairs, cooking classes are to be started, and on the


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
23
first floor, in a large room, weekly lectures and
monthly entertainments are to be given. This
is not a charity, and the girls know it is not. They
pay, and are to pay for what they receive. They will
help to manage the undertaking themselves, but
through it all, the sweet loving influence of their
young lady friend will be felt and appreciated. Sho
is indeed a friend, ready to help and sympathize, and
yet she always recognizes their independence and
self-respect.
Another illustration may be drawn from the expe-
rience of a lady, who, in one of the down-town mis-
sions of New York, has held for some years a Bible
class on Sunday afternoons, composed of over a
hundred women and girls. The study of character
and the natural outgrowth from such a work, showed
her how much could be done to cheer and edueato
these forlorn and burdened lives. She therefore in-
vited them to meet her one evening in the week,
which they did with great interest and pleasure, sel-
dom remaining away unless sick or unavoidably de-
tained. No plan was pursued except to combine a
little music and a short lecture, on some subject
selected out of a number voted upon at the previous
meeting, and a general conversation on the subject of
the lecture at its conclusion. "Work" proved to be
the topic most interesting to the audience, and was
discussed week after week, till the teacher felt her own
inability to pursue the subject further, from her
ignorance of the working woman's life, so she visited
some of the factories in pursuit of information, and
upon one or two occasions invited a forewoman from
one of them to address the class. No eloquence could
have won a deeper attention. The practical sug-
gestions and insight into the reasons why so many
women lost their positions were revelations to teacher
and pupil. An awakened intelligence soon mani-
fested itself among the members of this class.
Amusement became part of the evening's program,
the girls reading, reciting, or singing duets, and quar-
tets. The interest reached its climax when the
teacher, selecting her characters from the audience,
invited them to her house and drilled them carefully
in reading and understanding the trial scene in "The
Merchant of Venice," taking the part of Portia her-
self. At last the preparation seemed sufficient, and a
crowded room greeted the first Shakespearean repre-
sentation by this corps dramatique in that locality.
The melodeon served as the Judge's desk, and a
Moody and Sankey hymn book as the bond of Shy-
lock. The story having been told as far as the trial
scene, photographs of Venice having been shown, and
a moral drawn concerning the treatment of the Jews,
the reading began. Shakespeare himself might have
been touched by the keen appreciation of thoso un-
educated but really intelligent and interested women
fresh from their hard day of toil. Not a word had
been altered, not an explanation offered after the in-
troduction, and yet the splendid tragedy of Shakes-
peare was as thoroughly appreciated by the crowd
assembled in that modest mission-room as by a more
cultivated audience in a theater. If Shyloek's jury
was somewhat exaggerated, or the emotion of
Baesanio more demonstrative than that evinced by the
cultivated Venetian gentleman, thero was no one
present to criticise or to draw odious comparisons.
Later on a " Resolve Club" of the working girls only
of the class was formed. This was suggested by the
reading of Mr. E. E. Halo's story of " Ten Times One
is Ten." Each member provided herself with a
badge, made of a twenty-five cent piece polished on
one side, engraved with the word "Resolve," and
worn as a brooch. Taking the motto of Henry
Wadsworth:
"Look up, and not down;
Look forward, and not'back;
Look out, and not in;
Lend a hand."
The club adopted a set of simple By-laws, and meet-
ing once a week, made garments " for some one worse
off than us," as they expressed it, while one member
read aloud. In their daily life they were bound to
tell the story of the pin and its motto whenever
asked, and to lend, if possible, the story of "Ten
Times One is Ten," to the questioner to read. This
club has formed the model for similar ones elsewhere.
Copies of the "Ton Times One is Ten," with two
other stories by Edward Everett Hale, will be sent
by mail, postage paid, for 18 cents, upon application
to the Secretary of the States Charities Aid Associa-
tion, 6 Fourteenth Street, New York City.
''Moral Elevation of Girls," the pamphlet from
which the foregoing extracts were made can also be
obtained at same place. Price, 10 cents.
NEW BOOKS.
Mrs. Emma P. Ewing, Superintendent of the Chi-
cago Training School of Cookcry, has published two
little cookery manuals, entitled "Soup and Soup-
Making " and " Bread and Bread-Making." Others
in preparation are " Salads and Salad-Making," "Dev-
iled Dainties and Little Dishes," and "Breakfast
Breads and Mushes."
A little pamphlet, entitled " On the Early Train-


24
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
ing of Girls and Boys: An Appeal to Working
Women; compiled from writings of Ellice Hopkins,
of Brighton England," contains many helpful sug-
gestions to those interested in the difficulties of bring-
ing up children in crowded tenement houses, to have
nice manners, modest ways, and to make them good
and pure men and women. This pamphlet can be
obtained of the Stato Charities Aid Association of
New York city. Price ten cents.
A revised edition of Miss Huntington's " Kitchen
Garden Manual" is out in cheaper binding, the for-
mer price of five dollars being reduced to three dol-
lars. Miss Emily Huntington is the originator of
this good work, and this book, containing lessons,
songs and games, is a guide for all who would under-
take such work, and tho ideas given must form the
basis of all Kitchen Gardens. Miss Huntington's
school in New York proves the success of her in-
vention.
INTELLIGENCE.
A Kitchen Garden Association was formed in
Ashville, N. C., in January, for the purpose of open-
ing a Kitchen Garden. A donation of twenty-five
dollars was given and the offer made of a room and
fire. The Kitchen Garden utensils have been sent
for, and it is hoped a successful school will be opened.
The Cincinnati Association wishes their southern
co-workers all success.
"HOW TO HELP THE POOR."
Our prosperity seems to be still too great to allow
young women to feel any necessity to go into domes-
tic service, or the reason may be a moral ono and lie
deeper. The labors performed in factories and shops
are certainly quite as heavy and less refining than
those of household service. "To be a shop-girl
seems- the highest ambition," but the steps downward
from phis ambition are frightfully easy. It is, how-
ever, a good beginning toward tho cure of the evil to
have it widely recognized and to find a growing re-
spect for household к nowledge, especially for the fine
art of cooking. Housekeepers' classes are forming
gradually, where young girls from ten to fifteen are
taught every thing but cooking, that requiring a sep-
arate foundation. To get girls into such schools, if
only for a few weeks, often develops tastes and ca-
pacities which they could not know they previously
possessed, and by which their whole lives are lifted
from the old degradations.—Mrs. James T. Fields.
It is impossible to overestimate the value of
friendly communication with the poor and unfortu-
nate. When I see what is accomplished sometimes
by what in contrast may be called so small an ex-
penditure, it seems impossible not to spread the good
news, and thus bring in a very much larger number
of workers, where the harvest is so abundant.
"From wealth, little can bo hoped; from intercourse,
every thing."—Mrs. James T. Fields.
"No historic event is so important as the advent of
a conviction of a new truth. These convictions of
the human soul build up institutions, change the
course of events, and alter tho tendencies of human
affairs."—James Freeman Clarke.
To make cooking and industrial training the fash-
ion is to clear away the thorny underbrush on that
debatable ground, tho best education of the poor. . . .
One woman who has learned in any degree to order
her own home and life aright will be more a power
with those among whom that life passes than a dozen
average preachors. . . .
How to make even the smallest house clean and
attractive, and to get the largest return from every
dollar earned, is a knowledge that means phyeical
salvation, and thus a better prospect for understand-
ing the spiritual. . . .
Tho training school is even more important than
the public school, and industrial education the only
solution of tho incompetence and well-nigh hopeless
inefficiency of tho poorer classes.—Mrs. James T.
Fields. , . _ . .
ITEMS.
Thanks are due the following kind friends for do-
nations to tho Kitchen Garden during the past two
months: Miss Anna Warder, Miss Harbeson, Mrs.
Westendorf, Mrs. McGuffoy, and Mr. David Gamble.
Several ladies of Walnut Hills have been making
inquiries with a view to establishing a Kitchen Gar-
den on the Hill in connection with some missionary
work.
Over ninety pupils have been enrolled in the
Kitchen Garden of the Ninth-street Baptist Church.
Some have been refused admittance, as the school is
at present as full as accommodations will permit.
The Saturday before Easter will be celebrated by
the children of the Kitchen Garden as their annual
spring festival. Donations of flowers will be grate-
fully received at 97 East Third street on that day.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. II. No. 4. CINCINNATI, MAY, 1885. Price, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN AS-
SOCIATION.
The warm spring days have at last restored to us
the one thing needful during the past few weeks to
make our work in tho Kitchen Garden satisfactory—
water.
It would bo difficult to say in which department of
the house—Day Nursery, Kindergarten, or Kitchen
Garden, was experienced the most joy when tho wel-
come news was first announced that the water pipes
had thawed, even if the thawing process was accom-
panied by the expected burst in the pipes.
We feel now that the house-cleaning which we were
beginning in a small way, can be carried on much
more successfully. The laundry work also which had
been interrupted for some time, has now been resumed.
The school consists at present of eight classes, of
which the three most advanced are at work respect-
ively in dining-room, bed-room, and laundry. Two
classes are reviewing at the small tables, the course
of lessons they have had during the winter, two are
new classes formed since Christmas, and one is the
youngest or primary class.
Over eighty pupils are enrolled with an average
attendance of sixty.
On Easter Saturday we had our annual spring
festival. As we usually have a number of visitors on
that day, many of whom are disappointed at not see-
ing the regular exercises of the school, we decided
this year to have the work go on without interruption.
The tables were decorated with nests of colored
Easter eggs and pots of bright geraniums. A num-
ber of plants were also placed in the windows and on
the mantlepieces, so that the whole houso presented
quite a festive appearance. Some of the pretty spring
songs wero sung during the opening exercises, and
after work.for the day was over, while the games
were played, the class having charge of the lunch
tables, gathered up and arranged on the tables the
plants and eggs placing a plant beside each plate.
Cakes wero added to tho usual luncheon of rolls and
milk.
There was an exclamation of delight when the
children marched to the tables and saw the bright
array before them, and when they were dismissed the
whole school presented the appearance of a huge
flower garden of which the plants had suddenly ac-
quired the power of locomotion. The children enjoy
and cherish for a long time these growing plants
which are a never failing source of interest and
pleasure.
Among the visitors to the school during the past
few weeks, have been several from St. Paul, Minneapo-
lis, Columbus, Xenia, Jacksonville, 111., Santa Barbara,
Cal., and other places. All seemed interested in the
work, and pleased with the way in which it was
carried on.
One pleasant little incident occurred several weeks
ago. A lady living in the vicinity of the school came
in to visit it, and became so much interested that she
has promised that if we will select from time to time,
one of our neediest little girls, she, with some friends
who have volunteered to assist, will fit her out with
what clothing she finds most necessary. Several little
unexpected gifts of money, one of a check for ten
dollars, surprised us pleasantly during the past month.
Some bundles of clothing, sent us by kind friends,
also proved very acceptable.
On their way to the Kitchen Garden a week or two
ago, two of tho teachers stopped at the flower stand
in market and bought some lovely bunches of yellow
daffodils and pansies.
They served to decorate the rooms during the
morning, brightening every thing with their golden
glow, and at the close of school, were separated and
each child was presented with one of the pretty,
bright flowers. It is wonderful how much pleasure a
single flower can carry with it.
And so each week brings with it some added pleas-
ure, generous deed, unexpected gift, kindly thought,
making the Kitchen Garden a center for all that is
kind, good, pleasant, and bright. It is difficult to say
which derive most pleasure and benefit from it,
teachers or pupils.


26
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
EXTRACT FROM "HOMES OP THE LONDON
POOR," BY MISS OCTAVIA HILL.
This Pamphlet can be obtained at Office of New Yokk
State Charities Aid Association. Price, 25 Cents.
The piece of ground in front of the houses is used
as a drying-ground for clothes during school hours.
The samo place is appropriated as a play-ground, not
only for my younger tenants, but for the children
from the neighboring courts. It is a space walled
round, where they can play in safety. Hitherto,
games at trap, ball and bat, swinging, skipping, and
singing a number of the Kindergarten songs with
movements in unison, have been the main diversions.
But I have just astablished drill for the boys, and a
drum and fife band. This is a most important part
of the work. Tho evils of the streets and courts are
too evident to need explanation. In the play-ground
are gathered together children habitually dirty, quar-
relsome, and violent. They come wholly ignorant of
games, and have hardly self-control enough to play
at any which have an object or require effort. Mere
senseless, endless repetitions is at best their diversion.
Often the games are only repetitions of questionable
sentences. Compare these, and tho wild, lawless,
fighting or gambling, with games which are arranged
with ordered companions, definite objects and
progressive skill. The moral influenco depends, how-
ever, on having ladies who will go to the play-
ground, teach games, act as umpires, know and care
for the children.
Mr. Ruskin, to whom the whole undertaking owes
its existence, has had trees planted in the play-
ground, and creepers against the houses. In May we
have a throne covered with flowers, for tho May-
queen and her attendants. The sweet luxuriance of
the spring flowers is more enjoyed in that court than
would readily be believed. Some months after the
first celebration, the children were seen sticking a few
faded flowers into a crevice in the wall, saying they
wanted to make it " like it was tho day we had the
May festival." I have tried, as far as opportunity has
permitted, to develop the love of beauty among my
tenants. The poor work hard; their lives are
monotonous, in consequence they seek low places of
amusement. But if a lady can know the individuals,
and ask them as her invited guests to any place, an
innate sense of honor and respect preserves the tone
through the whole company. Indeed, there can
hardly be a more proudly thankful moment than
that, when wo see these many people to whom life is
dull and full of anxiety, gathered together around us
for holy, happy Christmas, and Easter festivities, or
going out to some fair and quiet spot in the bright
summer time, bound to one another by the sense of
common relationship, preserved unconsciously from
wrong by the presence of those whom they love, and
who love them.
SUGGESTIONS FOR THE WORKERS AMONG
THE POOR. .
State Charities Aid Association op New York.
Price, 25 Cents.
Let us try for a moment to realize what the effect
on any life must be to spend it surrounded only by
what is dingy or ugly, and pinched in every way, to
live in a never-ending struggle to provide the barest
necessaries of life, and amidst it all to have not a
single pleasant object with which to refresh one's mind
and spirit; not one which could afford a moment's
glimpse of tho beauty which God has given the world
so freely. Bring into one of these darkened lives, so
bare of all enjoyments, the hope, the sunshine, given
by a few fresh flowers, a blossoming plant, or a box
of seeds whose sprouting and growth may be
watched, and you bring one of tho purest of human
pleasures, and begin an education whose progress
may sometimes exceed your most sanguine expecta-
tions.
See how you can best bring into the lives of your
poor, that hope without which it is impossible to raise
them mentally, physically, and spiritually. Remem-
ber there is a hunger of the soul from which the poor
often suffer even more than from hunger of the body,
and think well of the wisdom of the old Arab proverb
which says:
"If any man have two.loaves of bread, let him exchange
one of them for the flowers of the Narcissus; for bread
nourishes the body alone, but to look on the Narcissus
feeds the soul." »
We extend our thanks to tho following kind friends
who have sent to the Kitchen Garden, during tho
past month, donations of clothing, money, books,
also of colored Easter eggs and plants for the Easter
celebration: Miss Merrill, Mrs. White, Mrs. L. C.
Weir, Miss Anna Harvey, Miss Glonn, Miss Clara
Fletcher, Miss Bessie Frazier, Miss Minnie Stanwood,
Miss Minnie Hardacre, Miss Lizzio Goepper, Miss
Lizzie Shipley, Mrs. Jeffras.
A number of applications have been made to us by
letter and through visitors to the Kitchen Garden ask-
ing for information in regard to the various charitable
organizations in Cincinnati and vicinity, intended es-


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
27
pecially for children. This suggested the idea that
it might be of use as well as interest to our readers
to have a series of articles published in the Kitchen
Garden, taking up these various charities and giving
a short account of their location, purpose, origin, and
growth. A number of persons have been interested
in the project, and have kindly offered their assistance
in carrying it out.-
The Day Nurseries, Hospitals, Homes for Sick
Children, Kindergartens, Children's Home, Orphan
Asylums, will be among some of the charities do-
scribed. Sister Gabrielle, of the Good Samaritan Hos-
pital, has kindly furnished us with a short account
of the various Catholic institutions.
We shall be glad to receive communications in
reference to any charities we may have overlooked,
or additional information in regard to any of which
we already have an account.
A VISIT TO THE KITCHEN GARDEN AT THE
NINTH STREET BAPTIST CHURCH.
Some weeks ago Miss Ida Stevens, who has charge
of the Kitchen Garden at the Ninth Street Baptist
Church, decided that as so much interest had been
manifested in the work by tho gentlomen of the
church who, on account of the time, had no oppor-
tunity of seeing or knowing any thing of it person-
ally, she would hold an evening session, bringing
the children together and having the regular exer-
cises of the school just as they are carried on Satur-
day morning, without any attempt at an exhibition
or any changes being made in the ordinary routine.
The idea was an excellent one, as it enabled a num-
ber of persons who are otherwise engaged on Saturday
morning to see something of the Kitchen Garden
method as carried on in Miss Stevens' school. The
general plan of work is similar to that of the Cin-
cinnati Kitchen Garden, but Miss Stevens has shown
much originality and inventive skill in carrying out
the various details. The general exercises took placo
in the large Sunday-School room. Each teacher had
previously arranged her room or tablo, and seen that
all necessary articles for carrying on tho work were
supplied. After the classes have been dismissed to
their various occupations, the little girl who has been
selected for waitress attends not only the door, but
carries all messages and waits upon the various tables.
Each table is supplied with a small bell, and if any
thing is needed, the teacher does not leave her place,
bat simply rings the bell and the small waitress ap-
pears ready to execute her orders; sho is expected
to know where all supplies are kept, and see that
every thing is returned to its proper place.
The lessons carried on during this evening session
were as follows: Laundry in the small room con-
taining the range; here the children went through
in reality with all of the laundry processes, though
with small articles; the range giving facilities for
heating water, etc., has proved an indispensable ele-
ment of the Kitchen Garden.
A breakfast lesson was given in a small class-room,
which is easily transformed into a pleasant dining-
room by the addition of tables, dishes, screens, and a
few chairs.
There is some idea, I believe, of transforming the
pastor's study in course of time into a commodious
bed-room, by the addition of a folding bed which is
unobtrusive, and can be easily placed aside when not
in use. At the small tables which were arranged in
the primary class-room, and are small cutting tables
which can be easily folded up and put away, the
following lessons were taking place; at one, break-
fast tables with the small toys; at another, dinner
tables; at one the cleaning and polishing of all the
tins used either in the Kitchen Garden or in the
church; at another a bed-room lesson. The table
for this lesson was arranged in a manner which
proved highly attractive both to visitors as well as
children. The polished surface of the table served
as the floor of a miniature room, a small bed, bureau,
and washstand furnished with all the necessary ar-
ticles, a few chairs and rugs completed tho arrange-
ment of this Lilliputian bed-room.
At the conclusion of the work-hour, a march was
played and the classes marched with their teachers to
the center of the large room where an immense circle
was formed and the games played, while the luncheon
was being prepared in tho primary room.
This largo room furnished an ideal place for the
games, and suggested the idea, why could not more
of tho large Sunday-School rooms in the various
churches be utilized for the same purpose? They are
rarely used on Saturday morning, and many of them
with a little ingenuity, could be charmingly ar-
ranged for Kitchen Garden classes with little or no
expense.
The Ninth Street Baptist Sunday-School has re-
ceived large accessions through the Kitchen Garden;
many children are being taught lessons of cleanliness,
helpfulness, and a means of earning an honest liveli-
hood later; the young ladies of the church aro in-
terested and brought in direct contact with the
families needing assistance, affording them oppor-
tunities of keeping their benevolent societies supplied
with work; the peoplo of tho church are interested,
and feel that much good is and can be accomplished
by means of this work.
It would seem that the department of work might
come under the head of Home Mission work.


28
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President, I Miss Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Clara B. Fletcher, V.-P't, | Mrs. N. A. Jekfras, Treasurer.
HäfSubscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. 0. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, MAY, 1885.
The question of continuing the publication of this
paper has come up for discussion among those who
have made themselves responsible for it. The kind of
reception which the Kitchen Garden has met
with, is all that contributors, subscribers, and man-
agers could wish for it. The only obstacle in the
way of its perfect prosperity after a years' trial, is
the comparatively small number of subscribers. It
is essential that the paper be made self-supporting.
There is no desire on the part of the managers that
it shall be a money-making enterprise. On the con-
trary such has been the zeal of a few, interested in
the general spread of Kitchen Garden work, that
they have assumed the responsibility of carrying the
paper through this year themselves, if they receive
no aid from others. The hope now felt is that those
who are interested in the matter contained in its
pages, and in the cause, will be also interested in the
continued dissemination of these by means of the
paper, which needs only to be helped along a little
by the advocates of its teaching to make it a success.
We think that its reason for being must lio in its
independence.
Another illustration of real good done in the
world by Kitchen Garden methods is to be seen
in the Industrial Лоme, in Dorchester, Mass. This is
really a Kitchen Garden on a large scale, as practical,
as complete, we are almost ready to say, as a Kitchen
Garden can be made. Though the school is called In-
dustrial Home, suggesting that various branches of
industry are taught, on examination into it, it resolves
itself into a great Kitchen Garden only; with this
difference from the Kitchen Gardens established here-
tofore under that name, it is a home as well as a
school.
In this combination the scope of Kitchen Gar-
dens presents itself at once. They may assume the
form of schools of one session a week, where the na-
ture of house-work is merely indicated through the
toys employed; they may become all-week schools
for older girls with homes, who arc preparing them-
selves for servico in other homes; or they may grow
into home schools, where all the work of a complete
household is taught, and done with perfect regularity
and accuracy, as the daily needs arise. Cooking
and laundrying must be included in these needs.
Such a school is the Industrial Home. Its fruits are
these: it shelters young girls from the temptations
and trials of wretched living in large cities; it edu-
cates them to earn a living when they no longer need
to be morally supported, and it finds places for them
to work in where they will be encouraged and well
paid.
Such an enterprise is deserving of hearty approval
and earnest co-operation.
COKRES PONDED CE.
Delhi, Hamilton Co., O., March 13, 1885.
Our "Industrial" school is such a simple affair
that I hardly think you will consider it worthy of a
notice.
It is only a sewing school and was designed of
course principally for the instruction of children who
would have little or no opportunity of learning this
useful and necessary branch of female employment at
home, cither from lack of time or knowledge on the
part of the mother, or because there was no mother
to givo them the much needed instruction.
Through the working of our charitable society, we
have discovered that it is frequently the case that the
mothers of largo families, often in very poor circum-
stances, arc obliged to give out all their sewing
through inability to do it themslves, and it is this
class of children that we hope to benefit, although we
have representatives from all grades in the school.
We wish to teach them all kinds of sewing, how to
darn, and, if possible, how to cut out their own
clothing.
We meet for a couple of hours on Saturday after-


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
29
noon, with an average attendance of thirty-five, and
we already have the satisfaction of seeing some good
results from oar labor.
We may in the future extend our field of operations,
but for the present we are satisfied to attempt small
things, for we have found what so many others ex-
perience who engage in charitable work that "the
harvest is plenteous, but the laborers are few."
Very sincerely,
Sarah E. Goodin,
Secretary of Sewing School Committee.
Asheville, N. O, March 16, 1885.
About two months ago a lady mado an address on
the Kitchen Garden. The ladies were delighted
with the idea, and immediately went to work to per-
fect an organization.
They were quite encouraged at their second meet-
ing to receive an offer of two rooms and a donation
of $25.00.
For several weeks the school was held in the Y. M.
C. A. rooms, but has been moved to a small chapel,
which is in every way better suited for the work.
Miss Penniman and Miss Yeatman, two very effi-
cient young ladies, are in charge of the school and are
doing every thing to make it a success.
The young ladies responded very promptly to the
call for teachers, and had several weeks in which to
make their preparation before the school opened.
There aro now 10 teachers and about 25 children
enrolled, and the school is growing in interest and
numbers every week.
Several of the last year's papers have been received,
and they have been a very great help.
Hoping that you have been very successful in your
work this year, I remain,
Your friend,
RlLLA LlNDSEY.
THE NEW SILVER STREET KINDERGARTEN
SOCIETY OF SAN FRANCISCO.
The following extract is taken from the annual
statement issued January 1st, 1885, by the New Sil-
ver Street Kindergarten Society of San Francisco,
and speaks for itself:
To our Friends and Subscribers: The Trustees of
the New Silver Street Kindergarten Society publish
this accompanying statement for the fifteen months
ending December 31st, 1884, instead of the regular
report, as special care and expense were bestowed
upon tho report for 1883, 2,500 copies of which were
printed, 500 still remaining on hand for distribution.
The said report entitled "The Free Kindergarten
Work of tho Pacific Coast," was prepared by the
Superintendent, Mrs. Kate D. Wiggin, and contains
a full history of the Free Kindergarten movement in
California—a description of the Kindergartens and
Training School—a lecture on the "Art and Mission
of the Kindergartner," and a vast amount of informa-
tion in all departments of tho subject.
Tho Society has maintained three separate classes
in its building at 64 Silver street, the number of
children enrolled being 205, with fully 195 in daily
attendance. The Superintendent gives her services
free of charge, and trains one or two young lady assist-
ants especially for tho schools each year; nearly all
the pupils of the California Kindergarten Training
School (under Mrs. Wiggin's instruction), take their
days of practico and observation at Silver street, thus
giving us devoted assistance in our work. Visitors
have never been more numerous than during the past
year, and we feel grateful for their words of com-
mendation and sympathy.
Tho "Peabody Class," which was opened in
October, 1883, is to continue now on a permanent
basis, owing to the generosity of the persons who first
gave it their voluntary support. Its first teacher was
Miss Sara Sanderson, who rendered efficient service,
and whose unavoidable resignation was accepted with
reluctance. She was followed by Miss Gertrudo
Briggs, who is at present special assistant in the
Crocker Class, and in turn by Miss Alice Heath,
whom wo were obliged to relinquish to a larger field
of work and higher compensation. It is now under
the capable charge of Miss Alice Huse.
Tho "Kitchen Garden " is our new departuro for
the coming year, and we hope through its success-
ful administration to pave the way towards the es-
tablishment of future classes in other Kindergartens
and charitable institutions. To those not familiar
with it, we would explain that its purpose is to apply
Kindergarten methods to the teaching of various
household tasks, exclusive of cooking. In other
words it is a series of object lessons in household oc-
cupations, and is adapted for teaching to classes. It
was originally intended for use in industrial and char-
itable schools, and was the outgrowth of a need felt
by a Now England lady whose life has been given to
such work. It mado its first modest start a few years
ago in New York, and is now taught in scores of
schools in that and other cities.
Our experimental class will include from twenty-
five to -thirty young g'u ls from ton to fonrtoen yearn
of age, and we shall he glad to receive visitor* a ft or
March 15th, on the appointed dny and hour for


30
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
classes. A fee of twenty-five cents a month will be
charged each pupil. Mrs. Wiggin will organize the
class and place it in the hands of Miss Gertrude
Briggs, who will carry it on with the advice and
assistance of the Silver Street corps of teachers.
We shall also begin a class for mothers sometime
during the present term. Tho intention is to call to-
gether the mothers of the children under our teaching
once a month in the afternoon, and discuss with them
practical questions concerning the care of children.
An idea of our plan will be gathered from the follow-
ing synopsis of work proposed by Mrs. Wiggin, and
through which wo hope to do a world of good in the
homes of the children:
PLAIN TALKS TO MOTHERS.
1. The Influence of the Mother.—" The hand that rocks
the cradle is the hand that rules tho world."
2. Mothers of Great Men and Women.—Short incidents
detailing the influence of mothers on their children.
3. The Health of the Children.—Plain hints as to neat-
ness, order, food, sleep, and clothing.
4. The Discipline of Children.—A plea for milder punish-
ments and more healthful modes of correction.
5. Morals and Manners.—A talk on proper language,
modesty, and the courtesies of life.
6. Truth versus Falsehood.—"An honest man's the noblest
work of God."
7. Harmony in the Home.
9
We think those who have read the foregoing state-
ment will realize what we are accomplishing, and
hope to accomplish in the institution known as the
New Silver Street Kindergartens.
We want it to bo not only a source of help to little
children in offering them a rational and profitable be-
ginning to their education, as well as protecting them
from the harmful influences of the streets, but we
want to draw the older girls of the neighborhood
once a week into the pleasant "Kitchen Garden,"
thereby giving a new zest and spirit to dreary
household tasks performed now ignorantly and shift-
lessly; and we wish also, more than ever, to make
friends and со workers of the mothers, and help them
where tho help will tell.
Do not fear that in attempting many things, we
shall neglect the few. Every small plan put before
you is only an integral part of a great plan, con-
tributing its share to our final success and influence
for good.
To all who have given their money, aid, and sym-
pathy to our work, we tender our most cordial and
sincere thanks, assuring them that the utmost econ-
omy and wisdom will be used in the administration
of our funds, and that we shall strive to make every
child and adult helped by those funds self-helpful, not
cutting the nerve of self support by gifts of money,
but by using money to inculcate independence, fru-
gality, neatness, and industry.
Visitors aro most cordially welcomed at all times,
but wo would frankly suggest the expediency of
morning visits in order to give the teachers a quiet
hour with the children from one to two o'clock. The
wisdom of this will be readily seen when the number
of daily visitors is realized.
Subscriptions of a dollar a month and upwards are
earnestly requested. Notice of intention to subscribe
may be sent to the Secretary, Treasurer, or to Mrs.
Wiggin, at 1505 Washington street, and the collector
will respond promptly and regularly.
The officers of the society are: President, Miss
Harriet V. Crocker; Vice-President, Mrs. Horace
Davis; Secretary, Samuel B. Wiggin, Esq., 216 San-
some street; Treasurer, Adolph Schmidt, Esq., Ger-
man Savings and Loan Society, 526 California street;
Superintendent, Mrs. Kate D. Wiggin, 1505 Washing-
ton street.
THE OHIO HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND
CHILDREN.
This useful and deserving charity was established
in June, 1882, by the earnest work of a number of
ladies whose object was to found and maintain a hos-
pital for the Homoeopathic treatment of curable and
non-contageous diseases of women and children, by
competent female physicians.
A suitable building was secured, and our citizens
were called upon to assist in furnishing it. The re-
sponse was prompt and generous, and the hospital
became a reality, with accommodations for fourteen
free beds, and two largo rooms for pay patients.
Having no permanent fund, tho board have been
obliged to depend upon the proceeds of luncheons,
"pound parties " at Thanksgiving, and members' fees,
for the support of the institution.
During the three years ending June, 1885, there
have been twenty-three births, and fifty-one children
admitted and cared for, on an average of six weeks
each. Of the former, three were still-born, but no
deaths from sickness occurred of the above number.
Three of these little patients were sent from tbe
orphan asylum for treatment and care.
The average expense of each child can hardly be
estimated from the fact that the benefits are shared
alike by adults.
In addition to the hospital, and in the same build-


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
31
ing is a dispensary, where, during certain hours of
the day, proscriptions and medicines are given to the
sick and needy, many of whom are children. The
number thus given amounted to 2,084 last year.
The managers, all of whom are women, hope that
before long the institution will be on a firm basis
financially, which will insure its being a permanent
blessing—a lasting refuge to the women of the South
and West.
COOKING IN A NORMAL SCHOOL.
At the next meeting of the Board of Public Edu-
cation a plan will probably be reported by a commit-
tee, and pressed for final action, for the introduction
of cooking as one of the branches of study in the
Girls' Normal School. It has been found and so
stated in the official reports to tho board, that the
time given to sewing in that school, which was taken
from the time formerly devoted to other studies, has
not lowered the standard in those studies, and that on
the contrary, the change of employment has reacted
beneficially upon them. Prof. Georgo W. Fettor,
Principal of the Normal school, is of the opinion that
cooking may be added by slightly modifying the cur-
riculum, with results equally advantageous to the
school. Prof. Fetter considers that two or three
hours a week, after the actual instruction in cooking
begins, will be sufficient time to devote to this sub-
ject. He thinks that the expense of such a school
would amount only to the pay of a teacher, and to
the outlay for the necessary fixtures, as there are five
rooms with ranges, exit upon the street, etc., in the
basement, which are not used as class rooms, and
which are admirably adapted to this purpose; and he
says, as the food can be readily disposed of at cost to
the large number of girls who attend the school, and
who would no doubt prefer these well prepared hot
meals to the cold lunches which they now bring with
them. This consumption of the food is not open to
the objection raised by all educators to production as
an end in industrial education.—Philadelphia Ledger,
February 27.
THE DAY NUBSEBY.
The first Day Nursery was opened in April, 1883,
by the ladies of the Unitarian church, the necessary
funds having been kindly furnished by the Unity
Club.
Five rooms were rented in tho third floor of No.
544 Bace street, and the services of a most excellent
matron, Mrs. Bertram and her daughter were secured.
The regulations are very simple, children under six
years of age are received from any worthy person
whoso daily employment away from home makes it
impossible for her to take proper care of the little
ones. The hours are from 6 а. m. to 7 p. m., and the
charge only five cents per day. The children are
carefully bathed, dressed in clean clothes, fed, put to
sleep, and amused all day. This situation has proved
to bo an exceedingly good one, being near the homes
of so many deserving women, who have appreciated
the advantages of the institution, as a few figures will
show. During tho first year there wcre 2,600 children
entered; often a daily attendance of from 12 to 23.
This winter tho number has been greatly reduced by
the prevalence of measles. Through the generosity
of one of our most charitable ladies, it has been pos-
sible to open another nursery, and rooms were first
taken in April, 1884, on Poplar street near Freeman,
but as this did not seem to reach many of the work-
ing people, a move was made in September, to tho
third floor of tho building now occupied by the
Kitchen Garden, No. 97 east Third street, where it
is still in operation. The officers are:
President, Mrs. J. V. Lewis.
Vice-President, Mrs. J. O. Eaton.
Secretary, Mrs. G. A. Thayer.
Treasurer, Miss Elizabeth Allen.
Ex. Committee, Mrs. Geo. Hoadly,
Mrs. E. T. Sprague,
Mrs. John Van,
Mrs. Peter Zinn.
E. F.
EXTRACTS FBOM HABRIET MABTINEAD'S
« HOUSEHOLD EDUCATION."
*
Nobody yet ever had too much time; and the rich
need all they can save of it as much as the poorest.
And the methods by which time is to be made the
most of are universally the same. This seems to be
every-where felt except among tho ignorant. The
most remarkable care as to punctuality is actually
found in our country among the highest classes. It
has been said that "punctuality is the politeness of
the great," and so it is. It shows their consideration
for other people's time and convenience; but there is
more in it than that. Those who bear the burden of
important duties are more sensible than those who
have less responsibility of the mischief of wasting
minutes which are all wanted for business, and yet
more, of the waste of energy and freedom of thought,
and of composure and serenity which are caused by
failures in punctuality.
To go from a disorderly household where no one
seems to have any time, and where one has to try


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. II. No. S. CINCINNATI, JULY, 188B. Price, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO-
CIATION.
On the first Saturday in June came the closing day
of another season's work in the Kitchen Garden.
No especial preparations were made for the day,
and the work went on as usual, save that tho latter
part of the morning was devoted to packing things
away for the summer.
A liny gitt, accompanied by some lovely roses, was
given to each little girl who had not been absent a
single Saturday during the year. We do not promise
any rewards as incentives for being regular in attend-
ance or fordoing work well—in fact, thechildrun regret,
more than any ono else. the days they are obliged to
remain away—but we have occasionally. at the end of
the year, remembered those who have been unusually
faithful and have given them some little token of our
appreciation, not so much as a reward as a spontane-
ous gift.
During the year there are occasional Saturdays on
which an extra amount of work is necessary to be
done. Usually. in distributing clothing which is sent
to us. or in serving the luncheon when the supply is
a little more than just enough to go around, we
favor the girls who have shown themselves most capa-
ble. efficient and wil ing to work.
Since the bright, spring days have come, and the
windows have remained open, the singing has at-
tracted a number of hoys who have lingered in the
vicinity, climbed upon the outside railings and peered
into the windows to catch glimpses of what was go-
ingonin that curious school within. Invitations have
been extended to them to come in and join us, which
invitations, in a number of instances, have been
promptly accepted.
A lew Saturdays ago three little boys spent the en-
tire morning with us. They came to the door quite
oar y, whether on mischief intent or from curiosity and
interest, it would be hard to determine. At any rate,
they were cordially received; and before the morn-
ing exercises were over the small caps were deposited
on the floor and the little black hands were taking
part in the gesture songs much to the enjoyment of
the owners, although an occasional shame-faced look,
especially during the singing of Raise your hands
if they are clean," showed that the owners were con-
scious that they did not present a very creditable ap-
pearance.
After the singing they were dismissed, but returned
in a short time and begged to be allowed to stay and
do something. After a moment's reflection, several
little garden tools and a large? basket were given them,
and for an hour and a half they were kept busily and
happily employed picking up sticks, stones and paper
which had accumulated in the yard, raking up dead
leaves and watering the little plants which had been
set out by tho children of the Kindergarten and
Kitchen Garden. Hands and faces were then washed
clean, and they were allowed to take part in the games
and luncheon.
Some of the mothers have expressed a desire that
some sort of Saturday work could bo arranged for
small buj-s from six to fourteen years of age.
Full of activity, with a constant desire to be doing
something all tho time, with lathers and mothers at
work, and few home resources of any kind—when
Saturday morning comes there seems absolutely no
place for these young boys but the street. where, in
the worst of company, they linger around the saloons,
drinking the dregs left in the glasses and smoking
stumps of cigars. Oh, for moro industrial schools to
form an outlet for activity of the body, as well as of
the mind!
The closing picnic took place at the Zoological Gar-
den on the second Saturday in June. A thunder-
storm early in the morning threatened to prove disas-
trous, but. when starting time came, the clouds showed
their stiver lining, the sun appeared and the day
proved to be a bright and beautiful one in every
Through car tickets were furnished by one kind
friend, the -president and directors of the garden
kindly admitted the school free of expense, and from
the kind and courteous lady at the gate, to the host at
the restaurant, all seemed determined todo what they
could to add to the pleasure of the day.
The early part of the morning was passed in mak-
ing a grand tour of the garden. The strange and
curious animals were a constant source of interest and
amusement to the children, many of whom had never
even heard of the " Zoo " before, and some had never
been in the country. Then came luncheon, and later
in tho alternoon, rides on the elephant, on the little
ponies and in the small vehicles, each child having the
kind of ride she preferred. Then a treat of ice cream
at the restaurant, prepared by another kind friend,
ended the day, and the tired and happy croud tiled
down to the entrance, where the cars were wailing to
transport them back to the city.
No accident of any kind, not one unpleasant word
or deed to mar the pleasure of a perfect day.


34
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
The following are some of the kind friends to whom
the success of the day is due.
The President and Directors of the Zoological Gar^
den, Mr. Doherty, Mr. Edward Goepper. Mrs. Fred
Brown, Mrs. Ed. Wayne, Miss Mollie Wayne, the
Misses Fletcher, Miss Sallie Butler, Mrs. Feemster,
the Misses Goepper, Miss Fithian, the Misses Laws,
Miss Hardacre, Mrs. II. L. Laws. Mrs. N. A. Jeffras,
Mrs. Stanwood, Miss Stanwood,Miss Lizzie Shipley,
Miss Bessie Frazier, the Misses Field, Miss Westen-
dorf, Miss Doane, Miss Mary Stuart Goepper, Mr.
Donohue.
THE WOMEN'S UNION—THE KITCHEN GAR-
DEN OF COVINGTON, KY.
Last Saturday afternoon the closing exercises of
the Kitchen Garden took place in the pleasant rooms
of the Women's Union, on Scott street. Just a liitle
over a year ago, three then dingy rooms, long de-
serted, were converted into a charmingly artistic in-
terior by the generous labors of three of our young
artists, Miss Light, Miss Battelle, and Miss Casey.
Under their skillful fingers flowers came into peren-
nial bloom upon the walls, and birds, bees, and but-
terflies appeared to suggest daily ideas of brightness
to many who see little of beauty elsewhere. Open-
ing with eighteen, the echool rapidly increased to
forty pupils, which is the limit that can bo comfort-
ably accommodated, although ninety-two have ap-
plied in the course of the year. It is very hard to
refuse the appeal of the little ones, but a quart
measure can not be made to hold more than a quart,
and lack of room and scarcity of teachers has com-
pelled the turning of many away. All through the
extreme cold of the past winter, children have come
from the uttermost parts of the city with a regularity
most encouraging.
The first lessons taught are on fire making, not to
use coal oil in lighting fires, what kind of wood
makes the best kindling, how to lay fires to have
them burn most speedily and brightly, how to save
the stove from warping, etc.; then comes table setting,
waiting on the table, and clearing it off, dish-washing,
bed-making, sweeping and dusting, and laundry
work, and sewing. With all go lessons in cleanliness,
and of good manners, which in this school means
only " to do the kindest thing in the kindest way,"
that vital branch of education much dwelt upon, as
the teachers believe with Gail Hamilton that " the
whole duty of man to man is embraced i,n good
manners."
The school festivals are the Christmas tree and
dinner, the presentation of potted plants at Easter,
and the social gathering at the end of May. Al-
though it is no small effort to give up punctually the
one morning in the week demanded unfailingly from
those who undertake the work, it is a labor that
brings its reward, for it would be difficult any where
to find forty better-behaved or more appreciative
children than those assembled last Saturday, whose
parents and friends present spoke eloquently of the
good the school has wrought in the home-life of the pu-
pils. But while thepupils may owe much to the teachers,
the latter feel that they also learn much from the pu-
pils, and that they can not overestimate the value
of the bond that brings rich and poor together in the
task of dignifying even the most menial work, of
proving that '• in all true work, were it but true hand-
labor, there is something of divineness." The little
girl who said she knew she had got religion, because
now for the first time in her life, she swept under the
mats when she was not watched, represents the spirit
cultivated in the Kitchen Garden.
Many visitors have been present during the Satur-
day morning sessions throughout the year, often com-
ing in rather skeptical of a uj' good being wrought by
a school where every thing is so pleasant that even
the work is almost like play; but not one has left
without testifying by word, or more substantial token,
that their sympathy has been won for this mission,
which as yet is just upon its threshold. We regret
that it is impossible in these colums to give a complete
list of the donors, who number altogether 101 persons,
and who have given sums varying from 25 cents to
$20 in money, and gifts of almost every description.
Not one ceUt was spent by the committee for fuel
during the entire year, although two fires were neces-
sitated through an unusually long winter, Messrs.
Smedburg & Gillham, Blick, Montgomery, and
Shinkle, generously donating the total amount of coal
used.
The Kitchen Garden will continue one of the most
important branches of the Women's Union, re-open-
ing in the full, when it is hoped a class in plain cook-
ing may be added to the other departments of house-
hold f-cienco.
All contributions especially intended for this field
of labor may be sent to Mrs. Martin Durrett. Treas-
urer of the Women's Union. 1028 Russell street, and
should be designated as such.
THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF THE
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
The hospital is located on the corner cf Park
avenue and Kemper sueet, Walnut Hills. The pur-
pose for which this work is organized is:
I. To provide medical and surgical aid and nursing
for sick, infirm, and disabled children, either in the
wards of the hospital or at their homes.
II. To provide (in a department distinct from that
devoted to children), so soon as the funds shall war-
rant, medical and surgical aid and nursing for sick
and disabled adults, either in the wards of tho hos-
pital or at their homes.
III. To provide the instruction and consolations
of religion according to the principles and usages of
the Protestant Episcopal church, for those who are
under the care of the institution.
IV. To instruct and train suitable persons in the
duties of nursing and attending upon the sick.
V. To carry into execution such other purposes
and objects incidental and kindred to those above set
out as the trustees may from time to time present
.
Patients (children), without exclusion on the
ground of creed, color, or country, may be admitted
by the lady managers. No person afflicted with a


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
35
contagions disease shall bo admitted to the hospital.
Children between the ages of one and fifteen years,
Buffering frum acute or chronic disease or conva-
lescent from long illness, requiring medical or sur-
gical treatment, may be admitted, provided that
those cases which are deemed most necessitous, ur-
gent, and dangerous, and those which are most likely
to admit of being relieved are to have preference in
being received as patients.
Some difficulty has arisen regarding the construc-
tion of these rules in regard to admission.
There is an unwritten law of common humanity
and mercy which enters often into the construction
of the spirit of rules, while it is not literally ex-
pressed in the rules themselves. Acting upon such
a law, certificates for admission were given to the
only cases of death which have occurred in the hos-
pital. One of these was taken in below the limit of
age, and the other two were recognized as incurable
when certificates were given them.
While this may havo been in violation of tho rules,
still it seemed a duty of mercy far above the bounds
of all rules that these cases should be rescued from
tho depths of poverty and pain and their last days
made as painless and comfortable as possible.
The wisdom of these rules, considering the full
condition of the hospital at present, is apparent. We
have limited means at our disposal; it is then but
right that they should be placed in that limited field
in which will result the greatest benefit.
A number of applicants have been examined, and
bad to be refused.
The ground for refusal usually has been: 1. Over
or under limit of age; 2. Residence outside tho dio-
cese; 3. Incurable; 4. Afflicted with contagious dis-
ease.
Whenever a doubt existed that hospital treatment
would result in benefit, the applicant has been given
the benefit of the doubt and admitted.
Two outbreaks of scarlet fever have occurred since
the opening of tho hospital. They interfered very
little wiih other cases, and by isolation and reasona-
ble precautions the outbreaks were limited both
times to the immediate cases involved. The work
w.is eomewhat interfered with, however, on account
of tho uncertainty which existed for a few weeks as
to the further spreading of the disease.
The question of the after welfare of the children,
when they should have left the hospital and returned
to their own homes, is one of serious importance.
Many cases awaken the liveliest interest and sym-
pathy in the hearts of those familiar with them.
Many a little dwarfed and stunted nature, feeling for
the first time the sweet influences of kindness, good-
ness and parity, responds insensibly to the gracious
touch, unfolding day by day new, fair buds of prom-
ise, and putting forth such little timid tendrils of af-
fection as can not but endear it to those who havo it
in charge. The thought of returning such a child to
» home in which the very air is heavy with pollution
and disease, and whose moral atmosphere is deadliest
poison is revolting in the extreme.
The Co-operative Committee have therefore divided
the city and suburbs into districts with reference to the
location of the parishes, that in this way each church
may find it possible and convenient to care for such
cases as may happen to lie within its district.
It is also suggested that co-operative members liv-
ing away from the city, and having pleasant country
homes, may in some cases find it convenient to give
an occasional week or two to some little invalid, to
whom the green grass, fresh air, and sunshine would
be a most precious boon; or may, by inquiry, find
places comfortable and suitable, whero such little ones
may bo received for a moderate compensation.
The hospital relies for its support entirely on vol-
untary gifts and contributions of the charitable and
humane.
Any person contributing the sum of five dollars or
upwards becomes a voting member, and is entitled to
vote at the next ensuing annual election of trustees
and on any matter coming before the corporation at
that annual meeting.
The sum of threo thousand dollars endows a bed
in perpetuity, and the sum of two hundred and fifty
dollars supports a bed for one year. Such beds may
be named by the donors, who shall have a right to
nominate the occupants thereof, subject to the rules
relating to the admission of patients.
One cot has already been permanently endowed by
Mrs. Elizabeth Longworth Potter, in memory of her
son Willie. Mr. and .Mrs. Alex. McGuffy and Mrs.
Maria Longworth Nichols have each provided for the
support of a cot for one year. The parishes of
Grace Church, College Hill, and Church of Holy
Trinity, Hartwell, havo united in support of a bed
for like period. Mrs. Montgomery Rochester has re-
ceived four hundred and forty-four dollars toward
the endowment of a "Children's Bed," which is to
be a memorial to May Jaggar.
The Medical and Surgical Board consists of the
following physicians: Dr. William Carson, Dr. N. P.
Dandridge, Dr. P. S. Conner, and Dr. W. A. Dun.
For the above information we are indebted to Miss
Isabella F. Hopkins, the very efficient Secretary of
the Board of Lady Managers.
EXTRACTS FROM THE FIRST ANNUAL RE-
PORT OF THE INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION
ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK.
In presenting the First Annual Report of the In-
dustrial Education Association, it seems wise to state
the objects for which it was organized:
I. To obtain and disseminate information upon
industrial education, and to stimulate public opinion
in its favor.
II. To invite co-operation between existing or-
ganizations engaged in any form of industrial train-
ing.
III. To train women and girls in domestic econ-
omy, and to promote the training of both sexes in
such industries as shall enable those trained to be-
come sell-supporting.
IV. To study and devise methods and systems of
industrial training, and secure their introduction
into schools; also, when expedient, to form special
classes and schools for such instruction.


30
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
V. To provide instructors for schools and classes,
and. if necessary, to train teachers for this work.
Tho work of this first year has been largely one of
preparation. To place the new organization upon a
firm basis; to secure the interest and co operation of
those already actively engaged in various forms of
industrial training; to unite in tho Board of manage-
ment such as could most effectually promote its ob-
jects; to investigate the work done by existing or-
ganizations, and to discover the most practical
avenues for further efforts, were matters of great im-
portance, and have demanded a large expenditure of
time, thought. and effort. The contrast between tho
feeble beginnings of one year ago and the position
occupied by the Association of to day, justifies the
wisdom uf this course.
Not only h:is the Association accomplished much
practical work, but by means of private interviews
and through the public press it has presented its
objects, tested the sympathy of the community with
its purposes, deepened the conviction of their import-
ance, and received the approval of many thoughtful
men and women.
Having stated the objects of this Association, the
methods proposed for their accomplishment claim
our attention. The various interests have been in-
trusted to the care of four committees, viz: the Com-
mittee on Finance, Committee on Books and Print-
ing, Committee on Industries, and Committee on
Domestic Economy.
The Committee on Books and Printing prepares
for the press publications to bo issued by the Associa-
tion, selects such books as can be recommended for
use in schools and classes, and disseminates, through
the public press, information calculated to promote
an intelligent interest in industrial education. To
this committee belongs the selection of books for the
Association library, to be secured by donation or pur-
chase. The nucleus of a library has already been
obtained. *
The manualsof advanced Lessons in Kitchen Gar-
den and Domestic Economy, prepared by the organi-
zation of which this Association is an outgrowth, are
recommended by this committee for use in schools
and classes. This committee has also in preparation
Mrs. Briant'e Lessons in Agriculture, an ingenious
development of the Kitchen Garden system, by
which little hoys are instructed in tho elements of
agricultural pursuits, using a large box of earth, with
miniature ploughs, harrows, rakes, and hoes.
A paper on "Industrial and Technologic Educa-
tion" was prepared lor the National Conference of
Charities and Corrections, by Mrs. John R. Paddock.
This paper contained a valuable summary of the
whole subject, and presented a most iorcible argu-
ment in its favor. Five hundred copies were issued
in pamphlet form, and have been widely circulated,
the demand indicating the attention which the sub-
ject is now claiming.
While it is mosi gratifying to discover the amount
of volunteer and private effort in behalf of technologic
and industrial training in New York city and vicin-
ity, indeed throughout the whole country, the fact
remains that these efforts reach but a small percent-
age of the population and leave a large want totally
unsupplied. In the judgment of the Committee on
Industries, this want can be best supplied by making
the training of the hands no less than the training of
the head a part of the general system of education.
Mature deliberation convinced the committee that the
best way to secure the desired result would be to es-
tablish centers, where, by practical experiment, the
value and feasibility of manual training could be
demonstrated. Recognizing the power that would
accrue to such a movement by identifying it at once
with the public schools of New York city, application
was made to the Board of Education for the use of a
school building. one afternoon in the week, for tho
purpose of holding classes, after the regular school
hours, in Sewing, Domestic Economy, Designing,
Modelling, Simple Carpentry, and the use of Tools;
the association to assume the entire care and expense,
and the classes to be open at all times to the inspec-
tion of teachers and trustees of the public schools
and members of the Board of Education. This peti-
tion was signed by prominent citizens representing a
variety of influential interests and a strong, public
sentiment in favor of "the introduction of manual
training. In prtsentinirthis petition, much encourage-
ment was derived from the fact that the board basal-
ready appointed a Committee on Industrial Studies,
whose intelligence, appreciation and deep interest in
the subject promise favorably for its future develop-
ment.
That this petition has not yet been granted is not
a matter for discouragement.
Time is needed to prepare the way for a movement
of such vast importance, and we have confidence that
tho results achieved by other cities in the direction of
manual training will be reached sooner or later in our
own.
Members of tho Industrial Committee are now test-
ing a system of graded sewing, with a view to prepar-
ing a course suitable for introduction into public
schools.
At present, attention is specially directed to boys
from six to twelve years of age, who need something
to follow the Kindergarten, and continue the manual
training there begun, until they are. old enough to use
the carpenter's and machinist's tools.
The Committee on Domestic Economy takes for its
special field to encourage the training of women and
girls in the various departments of household work,
and aims to promote a more general interest in the
study of Domestic Economy. Under the auspices of
this Committee, the work of the original Kitchen
Garden Association is also continued and efforts made
to secure the extension of the Kitchen Garden system
as an elementary training in household work.
This committee has made special efforts to introduce
the study of Domestic Economy into the leading
private schools of this city, and fifteen classes have
been established in the following well-known schools:
Mrs. J. Sylvanus Reed's, Mrs. Theodore Irving's,
Madam Meare', Miss Graham's, Mrs. Williams', Miss
Anne Brown's, Mrs. Griffith's.
The fact that more than three hundred young
[Concluded on page 40.]


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
37
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws. President, | Miss Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Clara B. Fletcher, V.-P't, | Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Treasurer.
ESg&" Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. O. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, O.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, 0.]
CINCINNATI, JULY, 1885.
.Such welcome accounts as have reached us of the
beautiful condition of Miss Stevens's Kitchen Garden
and the Cleveland Kitchen Garden, and the excellent
work done in so short a time, certainly encourage us
to believe that this form of charity fills a want very
keenly felt. We realize, with extreme pleasure, that
our little paper has dune much towards the dissemi-
nation of the knowledge of the fact through the
country that schools of this kind are needed and that
it has become an easy instrument for conveying the
newest ideas about managing these schools, what the
work taught there shall be, and how that work is to
be done, over many miles. It is a constant surprise
and real gratification to soe how many minds have
received the seed thrown out from these pages and
have responded q»ickly and sympathetically to tho
cause we are advancing. The great onward move-
ment of Kitchen Gardens, and the increasing interest
expressed in the work spreading from Boston to San
Francisco, we consider excellent enough fruit to re-
ward pioneers. We are ready to think the theory needs
no longer eulogy, nor defender, nor greater impetus
than is generated within itself to carry it far and wide,
now that it has been proven thoroughly practicable.
It has found its way into so many obscure places—so
many busy cities. The work to day of the enthusi-
. asts and tho strong people who bravely undertake a
work of reform or redemption in a spirit converting
it into a labor of love, must begin to plan for tho per-
manent establishment of the Kitchen Gardens just
creeping into existence. To give these schools the
courage to keep on—to enable them to continue
hopeful through discouragements of attendance, to
work towards real and lasting benefits, there must be
the conviction that their work has not been of a day
and in vain and is not constantly and utterly depen-
dent like the mistletoe on the life that supports it now,
but the goal towards which we are all working should
be an independent existence—schools built for our
special purposes, and an endowment sufficient to en-
able those who are now volunteer teachers to give
their whole time to the better management and con-
stant improvement of the plans really executed by
paid teachers. This is, of course, looking ahead con-
siderably, but it is to such a star we would " hitch
our wagon."
CORRESPONDENCE.
A pleasant Industrial Exhibition was held in
Washington, D. C., early in April, for the benefit of
four of the industrial schools there. Tho ladies in
charge were—for the '• First Mission School of Cook-
ery and H" usework "—Mrs. A. L. Woodbury, Mrs. J.
O. Stanton, Mrs. Henry A. Willard; for the " Wash-
ington School of Cookery "—Mrs. R. A. Baker, Mrs.
T. Hampson, Mrs. Gen. Hovey; for St. Mary's In-
dustrial School "—Mrs. J. L. Worden, Mrs. Wm. A.
Leonard, Mrs. Bancroft Davis; lor the "Metropolitan
Industrial School "—Mrs. A. L. Barber, Mrs. An-
drews, and Mrs. L. D^ane.
The east side of Willard Hall was chiefly occupied
by the Kitchen of the Free Mission School, which
was furnished with tables, dresser, safe, refrigerator,
and every thing required for a kitchen, including a
clock. The cooking was done hy twenty or more
young girls in white caps and aprons, and was con-
tinued through the whole afternoon. To quete from
an article in the National Republican:
"The fires were in full blast; the stoves and ovens
were in open sight." . . . "There were stews,
soups, baked dishes, hot cakes, bread—all prepared
and cooked in a systematic and satisfactory manner."
They also answered clearly and eorrectlj" the ques-
tions put to them. This school made an exhibit of
very nice cake.
The "Washington School of Cookery" made an
exhibit of salads, croquettes, and pretty French
dishes; and a class ol ladies from the Training School
for Nurses prepared beef-tea and other delicacies for
the sick.
"St. Mary's Industrial School " occupied the north-
ern side, with tables covered with specimens of very
fine needle-work, including dresses, aprons, and ar-
ticles of underware, made by the pupils, who arc in-
structed every Saturday in all kinds ot sowing, and
also in embroidery.
The tables of the " Metropolitan School " were on the
west side of the hall, and on them were baskets and
straw-hats, made by boys seven years old. articles of
plain and fancy work, and samples of bread and cake
made by the girls. Thes3 children are young, but
they answered very correctly the questions relating to
household work, which were asked them.
An invitation to take part in the exhibition had
been given to all the industrial schools of the District,
each school being allowed to dispose of its own ex-
hibit and retain the proceeds.
The invitation was accepted by the "Georgetown
Home School " and the " Lovejoy Industrial School,"


38
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
each of which exhibited many nicely-made articles,
including plain and fancy needle-work and specimens
of wood carving.
Refreshments contributed chii'fly by the kindness
of iriends were served during the day and evening.
The plan of giving such an exhibition originated
with the First .Mission School of Cookery, 1323 H.
street, and it proved so successful in increasing the in-
terest in industrial education, that it is proposed to
have one annually; and schools from any part of the
country who would like to send samples of their work
are invited to do so. A. L. W.
Cleveland, June 24, 1885.
OuR Kitchen Garden was started last fall by five
young ladies connected with Unity Church. Two
of us had studied Kitchen-Gardening under Miss
Torry, of the New York Association, two years be-
fore, but, after some experience in the work, had
come to feel that the system of large classes under
volunteer teachers, necessarily more or less inex-
perienced, did not bring about satisfactory results.
In the midst of our dissatisfaction, we heard of the
Cincinnati school, and alter investigation, decided to
adopt its methods as being eminently practical and
manageable. We raised quietly among ourselves
enough money to start with (some forty dollars), ob-
tained the privilege of holding our meetings in the
convenient and roomy parlors of Unity Church, and
opened our school September 6th, with seven teach-
ers and twenty scholars. From this the school rap-
idly grew until we had a corps of ten tendiers and
an average attendance of forty scholars, which con-
tinued through the winter. The age of the girls
varies from seven to fourteen years, ten being the
average. Ninety scholars have been enrolled during
the year. Compared with our average attendance,
this may seem a discouraging record. Irregular at-
tendance has indeed been one of our greatest diffi-
culties, and I suppose it always will be in a school
where the pupils are from tho most irresponsible and
unstable class of society, the irregular and migratory
life of which tends to make punctuality and any
steadfastness of purpose exceptional virtues. Con-
sidering these facts, the figures quoted are rather en-
couraging than otherwise. especially when carefully
examined. There never have beeU more than fitly
scholars on the roll at anyone time, and of those
who have "dropped out," more than half left for
good and sufficient cause, some going out to work
(five of our girls are How in domestic service and
giving good satisfaction),some being needed at home,
and others being either too young or "too rich," for
we draw the line at a certain degree of prosperity,
preferring to take only those who really need the
charity. If in spite of these facts our roll of schol-
ars is somewhat discouraging, that of our teachers is
surely most creditable, for every one of the ten vol-
unteers who undertook the work during the j-ear was
with us at the close, more interested and enthusiastic
than ever.
Our school has from the first been on a perfectly
independent basis, being under the auspices of no
church and no society. We must indeed acknowl-
edge our great indebtedness to Unity Church, of
which most of us aro members. It has given us
the use of its beautiful rooms, melodeon, furniture,
dishes, etc., without accepting any pay, even for tha
heating or the janitor's services, and has helped us
in many other ways. Without its aid our school
would not have been possible. Connected so inti-
mately with the church, we might be called a branch
of its work, but that we believe it to he for our future
interest to be independent of all organizations. We
ourselves have no "organization" as yet, but have
worked harmoniously, with no officers but a treas-
urer, and no committee but the original five who
started the school, and who then constituted them-
selves a board of managers, but who have never
found any thing to manage.
We hold our teachers' meetings on Wednesday
afternoon, special notice being given of important
meetings. otherwise the attendance is limited to
those who have sewing to prepare for the next Sat-
urday. Our school is open Saturday mornings, and
our programme is copied literally from that of your
school, even to the lunch of bread and milk. We
find that it works most admirably. The Saturday
after Christmas we gave a festival to the children,
Unity Sunday School kindly lending their Christmas
tree with its beautiful ornaments, and furnishing a
delicious lunch and a book and a toy for each child.
A club of little girls contributed pretty bags of
candy, an enthusiastic friend sent three gallons of
ice cream, and another friend sent a box of oranges
from Florida. The children were very happy, and
so good that it was almost pitiful. We had no
Easter festival. May lb'th was our last meeting, and
the ordinary work was omitted; general exercises
with the distribution of prizes, an hour of sewing for
those who had garments still unfinished, and the
customary lunch occupied the morning. and each
child was sent home the happy possessor of a bloom-
ing plant, the gift of one of the teachers.
The subject of tickets and prizes is one upon
which we have come to no satisfactory conclusion.
During the latter part of the year we have given
tickets for punctuality, good behavior, etc., and at
the close of the term, each child having a certain
number of tickets was given a German-silver thimble.
These tickets have been the source of great pleasure
to the girls, and certainly have helped to secure
punctuality and order. At the samo time we are not
at all sure that it is wise to continue it. It has been
our aim to inspire the children with the idea that it
is a favor to be allowed to come to the school, and
we wish to avoid every thing that seems like a re-
ward for attendance. We would bo glad to hear of
the experience of other schools in this matter.
Ever since our Kitchen Garden was started we
have been surprised by the interest shown and the
generous help given us. We have never been
obliged to ask for money, contributions from the
most unexpected sources have come to us. and lite
end of the year finds us with a generous balance in
the savings-bank. We have had many visitor!?, who
have expressed the greatest interest in the work, an
interest which we feel to be a growing and a lusting


40
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
charming young lady of Ottawa, Canada. The nor-
mal chips, of which she is a member. has already ac-
complished much in this good work. They teach
sixty little girls.
KITCHEN .GARDES.
Sixty little plants set out.
Sixty little flowers will sprout.
Sixty little lives made bright,
Sixty little souls kept white.
Sixty little housewives singing,
To their work sweet music bringing.
Finding in nil labor beauty,
Heartily fulfilling duty.
Sixty mothers' burdens eased,
Sixty lathers with home pleased.
Sixty for the temperance band,
Advocates throughout the land.
Sixty vineyard workers more,
Helping souls to Heaven's shore.
That this be (he gardener's fame
Is the Kithen Gardener's aim.
Oh! Great Gardiner in thy love
Send the soft r.iin from above
Of thy Holy Spirit's power,
And bring forth each looked-for flower.
INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.
[Conchided from page 36.]
ladies have received this instruction with enthusiastic
attention is a source of great encouragement in the
impetus thus afforded to the study of Domestic Econ-
omy.
As a further step in the same direction, a course of
parlor lectures w¡is given, chiefly for the benefit of
young housekeepers and Mich mothers as had express-
ed a desire to share in the advantages enjoyed by their
daughters in the schools.
In several of the girls' clubs and friendly societies,
evening classes have been held, and by this means an
equal number of working girls have received an im-
pulse in favor ot practical household management.
Classes in Kitchen Garden are held in St. Mark's,
St. Augustine's. Rumeyn, and Memorial Chapels, in
the model and improved tenements. Cherry and Sev-
enty-Second street, and at the Coffee House of the
Bible and Fruit Mission.
In securing the objects of this committee, valuable
aid is rendered by the New York Cooking School,
which co-operates with us most successfully in supply-
ing that instruction in cooking so indispensable to a
thorough household training.
Under the care of this t-chool, twenty classes have
been established, chiefly in mission chapels and soci-
eties of working girls.
Recognizing the force of that oft-queted saying,
"What we wish to see introduced into the life of the
nation must first be introduced into the life of its
schools," and placing beside it the no less evident fact
that " eveiy ibrm of industry now demands the ingen-
ious brain and the cunning finders of educated labor,"
we see at once the future work of the Industrial Edu-
cation Association.
The scientific and technologic schools and colleges,
the agricultural colleges, industrial universities and
manual training schools already established, have
done much toward the solution of this great problem,
but the work is only just begun. "What we need,"
it has been well said by an English writer, "is to
liberate the hand-power, which is now going to waste,
just as we h;ive to set free the brain-power."
This is our object, and the indications are that be-
fore many years tho claims of industrial education
will be admitted as co-equal with those of general
elementary education.
Jane P. Cattell,
Secretary.
For the Board of Managers,
The Kitchen Garden rooms are so light, bright,
and pleasant that it seemed a pity to have them en-
tirely elo^'d during the summer, when so many of
tho children have homes which are any thing bat
pleasant. After the school had closed, one of tbe
teachers invited a number of the children to meet her
one afternoon in the week, not for the purpose of
carrying on any work. but simply to have a pleasant
afternoon. Thirty-six little girls were present. and
a very happy time was spent singing, reading, look-
ing over picture books, scrap books, mairazines,
working in the garden, and playing games—the
circle was formed around tho flower bed in the yard.
The experiment proved so successful that it will be
repeated one afternoon every week, the children be-
ing encouraged to bring with them baby brothers
and sisters, and all of the little ones that care to
come, there being no work with which they will in-
terfere.
Donations of toys, books, scrap book pictures, etc.,
will be gratefully received and put to good use.
Several of the girls became so interested in the
books they wererreading that they asked permission
to take them home to finish, which permission was
readily granted.
Want of space has compelled us to omit from the
present issue a goodly number of very interesting
accounts of Kitchen Garden work in several cities.
Also extracts from Miss Huntington's circular, con-
cerning Cooking Schools, which we hope to give in
next issue.
The September issue will be the lust for the current
year. It is earnestly hoped that those of our friends
who feel that the work we are doing is worthy to be
continued next year, will renew their efforts to in-
crease our subscription list to that point which will
make us at least self supporting. This will enable us
to increase our magazine to such a size as will contain
all of the really valuable matter forwarded to us by
actual workers in the Kitchen Garden enterprise, and
if necessary to issue it in monthly installments. Our
future is in tho hands of our readers.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. II. No. 6. CINCINNATI, SEPTEMBER, 188B. Price, Ю Cents.
ТЯБ CINCINNATI KITCHEN GAKDEN ASSO- are enjoying yourself and having a good time. I am
CIATION. staying with a lady by the name of Mrs. H . She
has two children, which I am taking care of. We are
Since the Kitchen Garden closed in June the rooms ont in Hanover, Ind.
have been opened every Wednesday afternoon during My sister Tillie was telling me of the pretty things
the summer, and have" usually been filled with chil- they are learning out of paper. I wish I was attend-
dren. ing tho Kitchen Garden, because I do miss it sо much
No systematic work has been attempted, the idea indeed. Thank you very much for the package you
being simply to have a pleasant place where children sont me- I think I shall close my letter now, and
coald be gathered together once a week for the pur- remain your scholar, Anna M .
pose of having a bright, happy vacation time. Vacation times are now rapidly coming to a close.
No restrictions were made so far as admitting Rßal work will s0<>n begin again,
children, all being cordially welcomed, from the We expect to open our school some time in Octo-
tioiest babies to the older brothers and sisters. ber. Let us hope that the new season will bring
The plan has proved successful in every way, and with it added inspiration, a better knowledge of how
many happy hours have brightened tho hot summer and wnatt0 do, and thilt our friends will not neglect
months for these little ones, for whom there is no es- to send us accounts of their various experiences, sug-
cape to mountain or sea-shore. gestions that may prove useful, and any items in re-
New songs have been sung, merry games played, gard t0 Kitchen Garden or Industrial Work.
stories read, scrap-books stored with interesting pict- »' » * *
ures, and every week each child has been allowed to EXTEACT FROM "THE WOMAN'S MAGA-
eelect from the collection of books one to take home ZINE," JUNE, 1885.
with her and keep until the following week.
We are grateful to the kind friends who have sent Emma P. Ewing was born and grew to womanhood
us donations of books and toys. The dolls especially in Central New York, spent several years in the most
have been enjoyed by the little ones. Some of the brilliant societ)7 in Washington City, and resided
Kindergarten occupations, such as the pretty paper during ten years of her married life in one of the
foldings, have proved attractive and interesting to pleaeantest of Maryland homes. Her husband hav-
sorae of the children. One little girl came one day ing met with severe but unavoidable business losses,
and said that some of the women who lived in the they removed to Kansas and remained several years.
same house offered to pay her if she would teach It was here that she was able to plan and put into
them to make some of tho pretty things she was execution the cherished idea of her life, to make
making. cookery a distinct and independent profession. She
Several of our older girls of last year have taken had always a natural taste and talent for the culinary
places for the summer, and we hear encouraging re- art, and a dream that household science might be so
ports from them. The following letter was received systematized and arranged that it would constitute a
from one of them a short time ago: separate branch of study.
Hanover, Ind., August 13. Her charming and unique book entitled "Cooking
My Dear Friend :—I thought I would take my and Castle-Building," written in the form of a story
pen in hand and write you few lines, as I think I and interwoven with a large number of useful and
ought to, and which I think is my duty to do. I am valuable recipes, was, from the start, g0 great a
quite well at present, and hope you are the same, success as scarcely to need advertising. It was
How are you spending your vacation? I hope you followed by a number of "Manuals," small and


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
43
Garden in the rooms at S7 East Third street some
time in the latter part of October, and a luncheon
will be served during the day. A variety of pretty
Indian articles made of sweet grass have been prom-
ised, also other interesting things. All donations of
any kind, however small, will be most gratefully re-
ceived, and may be sent to any of the following ad-
dresses: "Kitchen Garden," 97 East Third street;
Mrs. Jeffras, Summit avenue, Mt. Auburn; Miss
Goepper, Reading road; Miss Butler, Park avenue,
Walnut Hills; Miss Clara Fletcher, 83 Pike street;
Mrs. Dr. F. Forchheimer, 160 West Ninth street; Miss
Laws, 100 Dayton street.
BOAT SUNG.
The wind whispers low,
And the waves sparkle bright,
The skiffs on their bosom
Bound bueyant and light.
We glide by the shores
That seem floating along,
And sing with the wild bird
Our blithe morning song.
The Heavens are smiling,
The waters are clear,
The sounds from the shore,
Sweetly mingled, we hear.
We bound o'er the water,
So sparkling and bright,
The splash of the waves
Fills our hearts with delight.
The shadows now lengthen,
And dew gathers chill,
As twilight's last smile
Touches tree-top and hill.
Now slowly we turn
Thro' the breakers and foam,
Ah, sweet is the evening,
But sweeter the home!
CORRESPONDENCE.
The following interesting letter was received just
too lato for publication in our last issue:
St. Paul, Minn., June 30, 1885.
The Unity Church Kitchen Garden class has been
waiting to recover from its grand public appearance
befire letting you know of its welfare. We have
gone steadily on from the day of our first meeting, in
spite of difficulties such as beset every new enter-
prise.
The children's interest has flagged somewhat for
the last month or two, and their attendance has not
been as good as at the beginning, partly on account
of the unavoidable absence from several meetings of
our energetic president, Miss Beals, for whom no one
could be a substitute among the little ones, and partly
because the days were growing longer and warmer
and more fun was to be had outdoors than in.
We started with something of a debt on our shoul-
ders, intending to pay it by giving, as a fitting close of
our season's lessons, an exhibition of our work; but,
as time passed on, we found that the number of exer-
cises which the children could go through creditably
was not great enough to form an exhibition by itself,
so we concluded to follow the Kitchen Garden ma-
neuvers by an informal feast of strawberries, ice-
cream and cake—the children acting as waiters—and
call the affair "a strawberry festival."
This idea carried out resulted in a very pleasant
entertainment, given on the evening of June 27lh.
The children did very well, the audience was larger
than we bad dared hope to see, and we were enabled
to pay our debts and bave several very welcome dol-
lars left in our treasury after so doing.
We have thus ended our work until autumn, at least,
both teachers and scholars feeling well pleased. Our
hopes for next season are a charity class and, if pos-
sible, a continuance of the pay class; if those hopes
are realized, you will probably bear from us again.
Yours truly,
Adelaide M. McCaine,
Secretary.
125 St. Mark's Place, i
June 11, 1885. J
By this same mail I send some circulars that may
bo of some use to you. The cooking garden book is
ready for press, but I dare not go on until I have
at least one hundred subscribers. Would any of your
kitchen garden teachers like to hurry it up? The
book will be fuller Iban the kitchen garden book and
not cost any more; perhaps, not so much. Subscrip-
tions not collected until the books are delivered. How
would your Kitchen Garden Association like to intro-
duce it into Cincinnati? I could send you an excel-
lent teacher, and it works so beautifully; I am euro
you would be delighted with it.
Your paper is a great pleasure to me. Had I ^yes,
1 ehould feel I must write for it and give it all the
encouragement possible, but 1 am obliged to dictate
every word.
Very cordially yours,
Emily Huntington
Per Sec.


44
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLI8HKD BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President, I Miss Edith Perry, Secretary.
Miss Clara B. Fletcher, V.-P't, | Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Treasurer.
Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. 0. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office. Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, SEPTEMBER, 1885.
With this number another year of " The Kitchen
Garden " closes.
The dirge over its end is but a prelude to the tri-
umphal march of the children who will soon be ready
to begin a season of good work and bright spirits.
There is every reason to believe that during the com-
ing winter many new schools will be formed for the
advancement of a work which constantly commends
itself to the hearts and minds of all who are inter-
ested in the dissemination of charity and enlighten-
ment.
Though most of the schools have started out on
one simple, general plan, the individuals governing
them have gradually added their own ideas so suc-
cessfully as to show conclusively that the field is a
wide one—wide in its aims and unlimited in its meth-
ods. It offers opportunities for the practice of every
individual idea for helping the ignorant. It encour-
ages every practicable innovation.
To him who feels that it is glorious to help, person-
ally, by word or act, the gradual rise of a great ma-
jority out of ignorance and vice into the wholesomer
atmosphere of cleaner habits and useful work, there
can be no labor so absorbing, so grateful, so stimulat-
ing as that in the Kitchen Garden. Truly, it becomes
so much a labor of love that the drudgery entailed
necessarily upon the accomplishment of all useful
undertakings hides itself cunningly behind the sunny
smiles of the children and the cheery look of the
work-rooms.
The Kitchen Garden is a place where every lesson,
probably, makes its impress clean and sharp, though
it be only so light as the touch of a finger on the arm
of an awkward girl. Such, at least, is the relation
between teacher and pupil in a school where the
mainspring of its action is charity. No need to sigh
for something grand to do—some world to conquer,
some Thames to set afire—the little vices shut out, the
little hearts inflamed, help wonderfully to make an
older heart sunshiny and to feel that it is quite worth
while. Would that the latent interest in Kitchen
Gardens but assume the form of a visit to them I No
need then to publish the facts of their successful op-
eration. Every beholder looks away from the cheer-
ful working and the happy faces of the children with
an answering throb of hope in his heart for good
things to come and a hearty smile of encouragement.
CINCINNATI CHARITIES FOR CHILDREN.
With the exception of the Colored Orphan Asylum,
Cincinnati contains but two Protestant orphan asy-
lums, both located on Mt. Auburn—one on the Main
avenue, the other on Highland avenue, near Avon-
dale.
The Cincinnati Orphan Asylum was founded in
1833 by a noble band of Christian women, just after
the terrible ravages of cholera, when so many chil-
dren were left desolate and homeless. The twelve
original managers—now passed away—were workers
indeed, often assisting in the baking, sewing, patch-
ing, and nursing.
They first occupied the old pest-house, but finding
it unhealthy soon moved on Elm. In 1861 they built
their home on Mt. Auburn.
From the small beginning of twenty-six they now
number one hundred and thirty-one.
Children are received from all ages over one year.
Boys are kept until fourteen years old, girls until
eighteen years, unless a suitable home is provided.
No one is allowed to take them unless willing to
adopt them into their own family.
A kindergarden is provided for the little ones, while
the older ones attend tho public school. They are
kept in school until fourteen. After that the girls are
taught house work and the boys bound out.
No children are received unless given up by their
parents and written contracts signed.
The children are neat, orderly, and well taken care
of, often receiving far more attention and comfort
than in their own homes.
The German Asylum was established some twenty-


46
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
Price two cents per copy. Orders will be filled upon
receipt of price (in cash or postage stamps), if ad-
dressed: Secretary, State Charities Aid Association,
21 University Place, New York City.
It is hoped that all workers among the poor may
find these little stories of practical value, and will
aid in circulating them.
Grace H. Dodge,
Chairman Committee on Elevation of the Poor in Their
Homes.
New York,
• 21 University Place,
May, 1885.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN OF THE NINTH
STREET BAPTIST CHURCH.
It was the good fortune of one of the Kitchen
Garden staff to be present at a session of Miss Stev-
ens' school, held in the Ninth Street Baptist Church
on the second Saturday in June. The school had
regularly closed the week before, and the extra ses-
sion held that day was in consideration of the pres-
ence of Rev. Dr. Duncan and his wife. Dr. Duncan
was formerly pastor of the church, and at that time
felt a great interest in the- Kitchen Garden work, and
hoped to see a school established in connection with
the church. This, however, did not take place during
his charge of the church; and the exercises on the
day above mentioned were given that he might see
his hopes in this direction actually realized.
There were seventy-five pupils and ten teachers
present. In the front part of the large vestry room
a little sign was displayed, requesting visitors to ring
the bejl placed there for the purpose. On its sounding
a little waitress comes with a fresh white apron on
and a little tray in hand to receive the card, which
she takes to the director of the school. Returning,
she shows the visitors a seat, and presently Miss
Stevens appears and is ready to show the different
classes and explain their work.
The sight of one of them suggested Monday rather
than Saturday. Some of the little folks were rub-
bing the toy towels, table-cloths, and napkins, as
well as the dust-cloths, in their miniature tubs, with
little wash-boards and wringers. One little girl was
putting clothes on to boil, anothor was rinsing them
in blue-water and starching, and another hanging up
the clothes. The blue-water was mixed and the starch
Cooked by the children themselves; and the quality
of both showed that the processes have been system-
atically learned and nicely executed.
Id the next room was a class setting a large dinner
table for six persons. The pastor and hie wife, and
other guests, were invited to a Barmacide feast, which
was served in the most approved fashion by the little
waitresses. The table was, of course, set in exact ac-
cordance with the best rules. Every thing was neat,
and the service was deft and easy. The imaginary
dinner consisted of three courses.
In still another room was a class engaged in clean-
ing the kitchen utensils. They had a large oilcloth
spread over their table, and were scouring and polish-
ing the copper tea kettle, tin pans, etc., with real
water. The little girls really made the tins and ket-
tle as bright as the most fastidious housekeeper could
wish.
There were several tables where the children were
setting toy dinner tables. Hitherto the materials for
toy " table setting " consisted of the table-board, the
table-cloth, small dishes and table furniture generally.
Miss Stevens has bought small toy sideboards to cor-
respond with the rest, of which she places one to each
little table and in which the children put the linen
and some of the dishes. This is an important addi-
tion.
Some classes were at work at the bedrooms. Here,
again, Miss Stevens' inventive genius has supplied
a great many features lacking in the prescribed les-
son. A small piece of carpet is spread on the table
to represent the carpeted floor of a chamber. Toy
dressing-cases, with mirrors, are added, as well as
washstands and towel-racks, with all the other appro-
priate paraphernalia that go to fit up a bedroom.
These lessons were faultlessly executed by the little
girls; and when the lesson hours were over a circle
was formed in the great vestry room of tho church,
and songs and games were in order, after which the
luncheon followed. Formerly it was the custom for
one teacher and her class to prepare the luncheon of
bread or rolls and milk for the rest while the games
were in progress, but the teachers all enjoyed the
games so much that they begged to come in; so now
the class is placed upon its own responsibility to get
the luncheon ready unassisted, and the experiment has
shown that they are quite equal to it.
This day the tables were set for seventy-five. To
each table a waitress—or sometimes two—is assigned,
who attends lo the wants of her little companions,
and aller the rest have finished, the waitresses take
their own at a separate table.
Miss Stevens has every thing belonging to the
school most neatly and carefully bestowed in the clos-
ets; and each wet-k two waitresses are appointed in
rotation—one to bring any thing to her from the
closets which she may want, and the other to perform


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
47
a like office for tho rest of the teachers. Miss Stev-
ens speaks with much gratitude of the care and at-
tention for the Kitchen Garden belongings which
have been given by the sexton of the church, who
has been at all times helpful and attentive.
There are classes in the school who are already out-
growing the toys. This year the dining-room was
furnished with real dishes, etc.; and next year it is
hoped to have a real bedroom. Some children have
been absent occasionally, because they were obliged to
stay at home to take care of little sisters and brothers;
and Miss Stevens hopes to bring the nursery lesson
into practice next year (partitioning off a part of the
room for the purpose), and have such children bring
the little ones with them; and in this way the older
ones will be enabled to be prompt in their attendance
and the little ones will be well taken care of and serve
as living objects for the nursery training. A plan is
also under consideration of inviting the mothers of
the children to meet once a week, in the evening, in
the church rooms, to be taught how to cut out sewing,
and thus the good work done by the school may be
concentrated in the same families. E. A. G.
COOKING GARDEN.
A SYSTEMATIZED COURSE OF COOKING FOR ALL AGES.
BT EMILY HUNTINGTON, THE ORIGINATOR OF KITCHEN GARDEN.
Cooking is nothing new. The world is full of cook-
books. Many persons have taught it and lectured
about it, and large crowds have attended classes.
But the " Cooking Garden" is the first system used
to any extent in this city that can be taught in a
Bchool room and not disarrange it. All that is nec-
essary, in order to provide instruction for any num-
ber of girls, is to decide in the first place as to
whether a gas stove or a common cooking stove is to
be used, then apply to the agency for a .teacher and
appoint the time. If a gas stove is used, the teacher
will arrive a short time before the class-hour; if an
ordinary stove, she should find a fresh fire well
started. She will arrange the utensils, and take with
her in a little basket all that will be needed in that
lesson, and no more. Each lesson will not exceed
one hour and a half, in order not to detain over-tired
pupils. The teacher will leave the dishes to be
washed, or, at a slight extra expense, bring a char-
woman with her to attend to it. At the end of each
month the bill will be sent with the number of les-
sons charged, the dates given, and the materials
nsed, so that the benefactors can see for themselves
the cost of their effort. The necessary outfit, which
must be provided by each class, is about $25, without
the stove. It can be supplied in good order by the
teacher, or may be selected from the list at the end
of the circular. Also a bill of fare is given for the
first course, which is an assured success if the teacher
be allowed to follow the order of dishes suggested,
repeating as often as may be necessary for practice.
But the wishes of those paying for the hissons will
be consulted, and the teacher hastened or delayed
at their pleasure. However, any departure from the
order named, which has been thoroughly and suc-
cessfully tested, is to be avoided if possible; for the
object of the system is to impart, not vague ideas,
but a practical knowledge of simple dishes. Until
the present time the Cooking Garden has not been
sufficiently perfect to offer to the public. Three
years ago the result of thought, study, and much ex-
perience in domestic care was brought to bear upon
this department of work, when two evening classes
were taught and three teachers trained. The next
year a course was arranged for children, as well as
adults, by adding rules in merry songs, to the plain,
careful directions for the little ones. To meet these
added classes more teachers were trained. The third
year tho classes leaped from five to twenty classes a
week; a Normal class for teachers was formed, so
that at tho close of the cooking season, May 1st,
there was a corps of trained, proved, and capable
teachers ready for work. Thus a new profession is
now opened to women in their own walks in life,and
Normal classes will be continued for educated persons
who wish to qualify themselves to become teachers
of cookery. Quietly, and at a comparatively small ex-
pense, little cooking centers can be formed all over
the city, where, in a simple way, with an interested,
patient teacher, a dozen girls can gather around a
cooking stove and learn what will make their lives
more valuable in any home they may fill—whether
as daughter, mother, sister, or friend.
UTENSILS NECESSARY FOB CLASS OF TWELVE
PUPILS.
IRON WARE.
Stove, Two sauce pans and covers
Kettle, Two square loaf pans,
Dripping pan and rack, One pan for biscuits,
Porcelain lined kettle and One pan for rolls,
cover, Two spiders,
Gridiron, Two pots,
Three frying pans and covers, One toaster.
TINWARE.
Sauce pan and cover, Large grater,
Large pitcher, Colander,
Dredging boxes, Skimmer,
Quart measure,with divisions, Strainer,
Nutmeg grater, Sieve,
Twelve small pans, Two pails.


THE
К I T С H В N G A RDEN
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL
VOL. III.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION
1885-86


INDEX.
PAGE.
Bedroom and How Beds Should Bo Made, The Cure of The 45
Bread Making. Mrs. Ewing's Recipe for 26
Charities for Children. Cincinnati 2
Charity for Children, A London W
Children's Industrial Exhibition, The 31
Christmas Celebration, The Kitchen Garden 9
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association, The 1,0,17■ 23, 2s, 88, 41
Cookery, The First Mission School of 1s
Cooking Class in the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden 28
Cooking Garden • 5
Cooking Lessons...-. 11
Cooking School of New York, The 29
Cooking School. The Boston 80
Cooking Utensils 27
Correspondence—
A. J. A <«
Burton, Pamela 15, 23
C. N.S 21
B. W.V 2Я
J. F.D. - 16
I. M. S V 47
J. В «
K.L 21
Ritrhen Garden of the Ninth St. Baptist Church 4, 15
Lawrence, Theresa M 2s
McCain, Adelaide M 15
MeDongall. Mary 22
M. E.W.. 3s
M. L. S 28
Reeves. Elizabeth M
Rhodes. Katherine <i 1*
Thome, Ella V.. «
Editorial 4,12, 21, 3«, 44
Extracts From —
Babvhood. s
bend a Hand 32. 40, 41, 4s
National Baptist, Philadelphia s
Octavia Hill 7
First Aid to the Iniured, The Society for Instruction in the 44
Fruebel Society. The Cincinnati 19
Fuel. Stoves, Grates, and Fire Buildings, Facts and Suggestions about 33, 37
Industrial Education Association of New York, The 29- r>2
Industrial School, New Castle 23
Kindergarten, The ч 42
Kitchen Garden Fair, The 6, 10
Kitchen Utensils, The Care of 36
Last Words.. 6
Manual and Industrial Training, Quotations from Authorities on 24
Manual Training School, Toledo, 0 13
New Books-
Cooking Garden, The 9
Families of John and Jake, The 32
Good House Keeping 7
I.cud a Hand 32
Moral Elevation of Girls 7
Our Sleeping Rooms . ...'
Poetry—
Santa Clans И
Purpose of Kindergarten Education, What is the 5
Servant Problem and Suggestive Remedies. The 20
Sewing Box, The School 12
Training School for Servants, Washington 1s
Vacation Schools in Boston 39
Woman's Union of Covington, The; R-lß


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. III. No. 1. CINCINNATI, NOVEMBER, 1886. Price, lO Cents.
THE CINCINNATI KITCEEN GARDEN ASSO- monious manner, euch one bringing her mite of ex-
CIATION. perienco and ability in certain directions to add to the general good, and all being sufficiently well
In beginning the work of the sixth season of our known to each other and congenial enough to make
Kitchen Garden it may be somewhat interesting to the meetings a pleasure as well as benefit. Those of
glance over the records of the past few years, and the original teachers who may read this, will no
recapitulate somo few items in regard to the origin doubt recall vividly to their minds those happy hours
and progress of this work in our midst. that were spent sitting at the tiny tables, making up
As we have already explained in a former number the miniature beds, handling the little articles of fur-
of the Kitchen Garden, this work in Cincinnati niture, and arranging the details of the lessons that
owes its origin to a committee of ladies formed in the were afterward to be the source of so much happiness
Free Kindergarten Association, in the spring of 1880, and good to hundreds of little girls,
for the purpose of investigating the methods of the After working in this way for several months it
Kitchen Garden system of work as formulated by was finally decided that it was time to makeaprae-
Miss Emily Huntington, of New York. This commit- tical beginning, and our first experiment in Kitchen
tee succeeded in interesting a number of young ladies, Garden work was made in Schmidt's Hall, corner of
who felt convinced that much practical good might Seventh and Race streets, Saturday morning, January
be accomplished by means of this system, and who 8, 1881. Twenty-three children and seven teachers
immediately began a series of meetings for the pur- were present. Nine of the children were sent from
pose of studying in detail all available means of in- the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum, on Mt. Auburn, and
formation, discussing ways and means of opening we missed them very much when it was afterward
and carrying on a school, and planning for the ar- found impracticable to send them so long a distance.
rangement of lessons which could be adapted to tho We were pleased to learn quite recently that even at
surroundings and kind of children with whom they tho present time the matron of the asylum occasion-
would probably have to deal. ally inquires of some of tho girls where they have
As the system was distinct from that of the kinder- learned certain things, and receives tho answer, "at
garten, although intended to be carried out in accord- tho Kitchen Garden," showing that even those few
anco with kindergarten principles, and as it was months' training bore somo good results.
foreseen that complications would probably arise in At the end of the first year sixty-one children and
regard to money matters, and the difficulty many eight teachers were present. Programs of each
people would experience in distinguishing between Saturday's work had been carefully kept, with items
the characters of the two systems if conducted by in regard to the success or failure of each lesson, the
the same association, it was thought best to separate use or uselessness of the various toys or objects used
the Kitchen Garden entirely from tho kindergarten, in connection with the lesson, suggestions in regard
and give those interested in the former work an op- to the general arrangement of work, etc.; and in be-
portunity to form an independent association if they ginning the work of a new season many changes and
desired. No formal organization was attempted at alterations were made as tho result of past experience,
this time, however, the general expression of senti- Tho work has been so largely original in its charae-
meut being that until the experiment had been tried ter, being adapted from time to time to present sur-
and proved successful, it was better not to incur any roundings and conditions, that we must confess to
obligation to continue it. The meetings were in- occasional misgivings as to our right to uso tho name
formal, a treasurer being the only officer appointed, coined by Miss Huntington for the work sho orig-
and the discussions were carried on in the most har- inated and formulated. Still it is to her Kitchen


4
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President, | Miss Ida Doane. Secretary.
Miss Clara B. Fletcher, V.-P't, | Mus. N. A. Jeffras, Treasurer.
Subscription price, fifty cenia per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. O. Box, 1168, Cincinnati, O.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-offlec, Cincinnati, 0.]
CINCINNATI, NOVEMBER, 1885.
This paper was started just two years ago. On
this, the anniversary of its birth, it is natural to look
back upon those earlier days, and recall how and why
it came into existence.
Two years ago a fair was held in the Kitchen Gar-
den rooms of Cincinnati, for the sake of raising money
for the further continuance of the Kitchen Garden
school. As this was the very first effort we had ever
made to bring ourselves conspicuously before the
public, we wished to give people a clear idea of what
wo are and what we are aiming to do. Combined
with this was the purpose to put into intelligible and
permanent form the Kitchen Garden lessons as they
had been taught in the school up to that time. As
each special division of work followed certain clearly
defined rules and simply described methods, we orig-
inated the plan of having the lessons printed, that
all new teachers might have one source to go to for
information, and that all pupils could then be taught
in about the same manner. These two desires—to
make an explanation to a generous public of what
sort of institution it is supporting, and to give a per-
manent form to our lessons and ways of teaching that
would be of real use to others besides ourselves—
were the powers which called into existence the pres-
ent Kitchen Garden paper. The first issue appeared
on the day of the fair. It met with much home en-
couragement on that first day, and since that time the
number of applications from abroad, for advise, help,
and exchange of sympathy, have been such as to
justify the periodical publication of our paper, and it
has run a two years' course successfully, appearing
regularly once in two months. During this time
other features have found a place in its columns. We
publish constantly reports from Kitchen Garden
echools all over the country, which in their turn have
been of benefit and interest to ourselves, so that we
think the paper offers mutual help and encouragement
to all working in Kitchen Gardens, and has estab-
lished a kindly feeling of kinship and co-operation
between them.
As on the day of our first public appearance, when
we were doubtful and anxious about our enterprise, it
was made possible for us, by liberal subscription to
the Kitchen Garden, to continue its publication, we
trust that to-day, on our second appearance, we will
be again encouraged to believe that our little paper
bas still its faithful supporters, and that it has not
outgrown its usefulness.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Leland University,
New Orleans, Oct. 9, 1885.
Editors Kitchen Garden:
Will you pleaso send me sample copy of " The
Kitchen Garden," and also kindly inform me what
other, if any, periodicals on kitchen gardening are
published.
1 am deeply interested in my work here among the
colored children, and think probably your paper
would bo a help to me.
I am, very truly,
Katherine Rhodes.
Ninth St. Baptist Church, Oct. 20, 1885.
On Saturday, the 17th of October, our new term
opened. It was pleasant to greet the happy faces of
our last year's pupils as they gathered in the lecture-
room, eager to begin on another year of work. The
morning was spent in organizing the school and in
singing and playing games. We have made some
changes in the different departments of work. Larger-
sized tubs will be used in the laundry, and flat-irons
suitable to do any ordinary ironing. The nursery is
to bo under the superintendence of an excellent mar-
ried lady. A class of girls is to be trained first in
tho duties of a nursery-maid and how to care for
children, then taught some of the simple Kindergarten
occupations, to be used as an amusement. The baby
sisters and brothers of the girls are to be allowed to
be left at the school for the morning, and placed under


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
5
tbe care of these trained girls, superintended by their
teacher. We have also added a large bedroom, which
will give an additional interest to our work.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF KINDERGARTEN
EDUCATION?
It is to develop the child and all its faculties in a
natural manner, while checking all propensities to
evil. The "New Education" may be regarded as
analogous to the treatment of plants by a skillful
gardener.
It is to apply the maternal instinct intelligently, to
make the conscientious mother in easy circumstances
her child's best educator during its tenderest years.
It is to associate children with children, in a pure
atmosphere, amid pleasant surroundings, and under a
special guidance, during the three or four years in-
tervening between the nursery and the primary
school.
It is to afford children all proper, rational enjoy-
ment; to supply them with toys and games, to sing
with them, to play with them—the toys, games,
songs, and plays being all covert vehicles of instruc-
tion.
It is to promote children's healthy activity; later,
to awaken their imagination gradually to the influ-
ence of the beautiful, the true, and thé good; to stim-
ulate their imitative and inventive capacity; to aid
the development of their reason; and to give those
powers free exercise and a right direction.
It is to prevent any undue strain on children's
powers, mental or physical—to teach by means of
object lessons conveyed in plays rather than by books.
It is to form a well-balanced mind; to discern and
bring out, gently but surely, any latent aptitude
for intellectual acquirements, artistic gifts, or manual
skill.
It is to partially relieve parents of slender means
of the charge of their very young children for part
of the day, and during that time to train them
properly.
It is, finally, to prepare children for school, to fit
them for learning more readily, to sow the first seeds
that aro to produce adults of sound mind in a sound
body—good citizens and true Christians.
THE WOMEN'S UNION OF COVINGTON.
Actinq in the belief that "who educates a woman
educates a race," the women of Covington have or-
ganized a union, whose purpose is, "To increase fel-
lowship among women, in order to promoto the best
practical methods for securing their educational, in-
dustrial, and social advancement."
The problem before them presents women as help-
less, ignorant drudges, soddenly indifferent as the
dumb beast of burden to all progress; other women
as workers who yet struggle for culture and improve-
ment and a place among the world's useful ones, in
spite of narrowing poverty; and women of fortune,
some with souls steeped in selfish love of ease, and
others who fling foolish gifts with reckless want of
thought, crushing the independence of the recipient
and ignoring the serious responsibility of the giver.
Are thero enough women of broad thought, Christ-
like love, and infinite patience, to cement these op-
posing elements into the firm wall that shall be a
bulwark in society? The first aim of the union has
been to bring women of all grades together, to estab-
lish a place for meeting where high and low, rich and
poor, old and young, may freely pass in and out,
united in a common effort for self-improvement and
helpfulness to others. To these pleasant rooms are
invited all seeking employment, all strangers need-
ing friends—all, whether rich or poor, who feel the
God-liko impulse to love their neighbor as them-
selves—with all that that implies.
For the help of working women, a day nursery is
open, caring for infant children while their mothers
are at toil. In the Kitchen Garden and sewing school,
girls are trained in womanly arts. A library offers
books to those who hunger and thirst for knowledge.
Classes in wood-carving, etching, embroidery, draw-
ing, dress-cutting, etc., offer special advantages to
those who become members of the union. A feature
of special interest will be the course of lessons in
cooking, to be given in December by the well-known
lecturer and teacher, Airs. Emma B. Ewing, of the
Iowa School of Domestic Economy. These classes
are open to all who wish to join, whether members
of the union or not, and will begin with a free lec-
ture, whose exact date will shortly be announced.
Inquiries as to terms for this and other classes may
be addressed to Mrs. I. W. Livezey, Chairman of the
Lecture and Class Committee, 77 West 11th St.,
Covington.
COOKING GARDEN.
It is hereby announced that the manual of "The
Cooking Garden," by Emily Huntington, is now in
press, and will be ready for delivery October 1st.
The volume contains a systematized course of cook-
ing, in ten complete lessons; also instructions for
purchasing material, quantities required, and utensils


6
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
necessary. Practical cooking songs, containing rec-
ipes and rules for work, are added, and contribute
much to its attractiveness.
The illustrations are by Jessie Shepherd, an artist
well known in the pages of The Century, St. Nicholas,
and Harper's Magazines. Although a companion vol-
umo to the original " Kitchen Garden," and similarly
bound, it is larger. The edition, with the exception
of a few special copies, is limited to subscribers, the
price per volume being $5.
Copies can be obtained, so long as the edition lasts,
by addressing the "Kitchen Garden" agent, at
Schormerhorn & Go.'s, 7 East 14th St., New York
City..
Orders for the Receipt Chart, to accompany the
lessons, can bo left at the samo address.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN FAIR.
Miss Clara Fletcher,
Miss Adèle Goepper,
Miss Pitman,
ART.
Miss Sallie Butler,
Miss Scarborough.
INDIAN TABLE AND GYPSY TENT.
Miss Lizzie Goepper, Miss Lizzie Laws.
CANDY.
Miss Doane.
FISH POND.
Miss Alice Jeffras, Miss Mary Jones.
Miss "Winifred Burt,
PAPER.
Miss Katharine Westendorf.
CHILDREN'S TABLE.
Miss Alice Laws, Miss Alico Goepper,
Miss Alice Jeffras, Miss Alma Sattler.
Miss Anna Harvey,
DOLLS.
Miss Mary Hanna.
FLOWERS.
Miss Minnie Stanwood, Miss Maud Stone,
Miss Bessie Frazier, Miss Kate Lippincott.
DOMESTIC.
Miss Laws, Miss May Bishop.
Mrs. Robt. Sattler,
The first fair for the benefit of the Kitchen Garden
was held in 1880 at the residence of Mrs. Jeffras, on
Mt. Auburn, and furnished funds with which to be-
gin the work. The proceeds of an entertainment
given by a number of Mt. Auburn boys and girls,
under the direction of Mrs. Wm. Hall, together with
a donation of §372 from the "Young Ladies' Branch
of the Women's Christian Association," and a number
of small voluntary donations from time to time pro-
vided means with which to continue it. On October
20, 1883, the first "Kitchen Garden Fair "was held
at the rooms at No. 320 West Seventh street. The
event proved a great success in every wây, not only
pecuniarily, but in the spreading of a knowledge of
the work, and creating an interest in it. It is to be
hoped that the present fair will accomplish as much
directly and indirectly as the former one did. The
committees for the different departments are as fol-
lows:
LUNCHEON.
Miss Elsie Field, Miss Fithian,
Mrs. Joseph Feemster, Mrs. H. L. Laws,
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Mrs. Jos. Wilby,
Mrs. Frank Wilson, Mrs. Herman Goepper,
Mrs. Jas. H. Laws, Miss Field.
LAST WORDS.
[From Miss Huntington's " Cooking Garden."]
I would advise after this course additional lessons
arranged on the same plan, teaching the following
dishes, excellent receipts for which will be found in
Miss Parloa's Cook Book: Irish stew, fish chowder,
picked up codfish, codfish cakes, pancakes, mushes,
croquettes, and the more ordinary sauces. After
which I would recommend teaching the pupils to
blend the dishes into simple meals from the lessons
they havo learned. This is necessary, as a great
many persons have a nice understanding of each sepa-
rate item in a bill of fare who would be perplexed if
obliged to harmonize them for a meal. In the latter
part of Mrs. Whitney's Just Sow, the teacher would
find great assistance in this matter. The following
bills of fare for three breakfasts, three luncheons, and
three dinners may be of service.
The teacher's experience in the first course will
guide her in the arrangement of quantities, diagrams,
etc. And 1 would feel keenly gratified if this book
should not only help the volunteer teacher, but open
a profession to educated women as well. With the
excellent chemistries of good and large number of
cook books published, and the simplified plan to
guide, little cooking centers can be formed at a com-
paratively small expense. In a quiet way a dozen
girls can be gathered around a cooking-stove and
learn what will make their lives more valuable in any
home, whatever capacity they may fill, whether as
wife, mother, sister, or friend.
This field is a large and important one, with great
opportunities for development and extension. All


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. III. No. 2. CINCINNATI, JANUARY, 1886. Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN G A EDEN ASSO- Ewing, Dean of the School of Domestic Economy of
CIATION. Iowa, to give a series of cooking lessons in January.
from which we hope to derive much knowledge and
Since tbe opening of the kitchen garden on Oct. benefit. In the next number of the Kitchen Gar-
17, the number of pupils has steadily increased until den, we hope to be able to give some account of the
now over eighty are enrolled, and the attendance success, or failure, of our first attempts.
thus far has been extremely regular. Fortunately, •
the number of teachors has kept pace with the en- On the Saturday before Christmas (Dec. 19), the
largement of the school. We have, at present, nine annual Christmas celebration of the Kitchen Garden
classes, of which six are working with the small was held. The day was bright and pleasant, all work
articles at the small tables, and three are, respectively, was laid aside, and the whole morning was devoted
in dining-room, bed-room and laundry. We have to having as merry a time as possible Eighty-eight
found comparatively little difficulty in organizing the children were present, and a goodly number of vis-
dining-room and bed-room work so as to make it itors, who seemed to enjoy the exercises of the morn-
quite practical, but the laundry still presents some ing very much. A prettily decorated Christmas-
difficulties which we hope in time to overcome. We tree stood in one corner of the room. Some of the
have not as yet progressed beyond the simplest pro- bright Christmas songs were sung, and several im-
cesses, as we find it almost impossible, in the limited promptu recitations proved quite entertaining to
space of time we have on Saturday morning, and teachers as well as children. Before marching into
with the lack of proper conveniences, to do more than another room for luncheon, two immense empty
keep the school supplied with the proper quantity of stockings were hung up ready for "Santa" to fill-
clean towels, aprons, cleaning cloths, dusters, etc. After luncheon, games were played, cornucopias of
We sigh sometimes for a building especially adapted candy, bags of pop-corn, oranges, and the contents of
to our needs, but still feel grateful that our accommo- the two stockings, whose appearance, when filled, was
dations are as convenient and pleasant as they are. greeted with shouts of laughter, were distributed. A
We should be very glad to learn some thing of the number of the poorest children were selected, and
experience of others in regard to giving lessons in presented with the various articles of clothing that
laundry work. were sent in by kind friends. A package of eighteen
The cooking question occupies at present, some pairs of new shoes, and a package of half worn shoes
share of our attention. We have never felt quite were very much appreciated.
ready to make the experiment of adding cooking to Those who contributed toward the Christmas cele-
our other branches of work, as it seemed to involve bration, are as follows:
more responsibility than we were in a condition to Miss Mary Bорes, Miss Florenco Fletcher, the
assume. This winter we decided that if all things Misses Keys, Mrs. T. J. Emery, Mrs. Dr. Ransahoff,
were favorable, we would make some sort of begin- Miss Maud Stone, Mrs. Boye, Mrs. G. R. Shoenberger,
ning after the holidays, no matter how small it might Mlle. de Korsak, Mrs. Edina Worden, Mrs. N. H. Me-
be. Lean, Mrs. C. D. Eobertson, Mrs. С. O. Lockard, Miss Lizzie Goepper, Miss Clara Fletcher, Miss Scar-
Miss Huntington's new book, " The Cooking Gar- borough, Miss Elsie Field, Miss Ella Cox, Miss Lizzie
den," of which we hope, by the way, a cheaper edi- Shipley, Mrs. Eobt. Sattler, Miss Minnie Stanwood,
tion will be issued, gave us some good ideas in regard Miss Alice Jeflras, Miss Emma Harrison, Miss May
to organizing the work. An opportunity presented Eaton, Miss Katharine Westendorf, the Misses Laws,
itself of making arrangements with Miss Emma P. Miss Belle Fithian, Miss Ebersole.


10
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
The fair held in the Kitchen Garden rooms, at 97
E. Third St., on Saturday, October 31st, proved a
success in every way. The financial result was most
satisfactory. And the increased interest manifested
in the work since, shows that another result was pro-
duced, the significance of which lies deeper than in the
mere gathering together of dollars and cents. An
added inspiration is always given to those engaged in
any undertaking when a number of people come to-
gether for harmonious and active work in the same
interests; and the secret of the success of an enter-
tainment given for the benefit of any object, lies as
much in the great number of people who are directly
or indirectly reached in this manner as in the pecu-
niary amount realized. The following is a list of the
kind friends who assisted in making the Kitchen
Garden Fair a success:
Mrs. M. S. Adae, Mrs. Bishop, Mrs. Larz Anderson,
Mrs. J. D. Buck, Mrs. C. Anderson, the Misses Buck,
Mrs. Joseph Anderson, Thos. Bishop, Mrs. Ayres, Miss
Clough, Mrs. Adae, Mr. Peter Cavagna, Miss Mattie
Atkins, Robert Clarke & Co., Mrs. Jos. Butler, Miss
Ella Cox, the Misses Butler, Chatfield & Woods, Mrs.
T. F. Brown, Mrs. Harry Crane, Mrs. T. C. Barnes,
Miss Lulu Crane, Mrs. T. C. Bradford, Miss Ida
Doane, Mrs. Burnett, Mrs. Duvol, Mrs. Broadwell,
Mrs. Dodd, the Misses Bradford, Miss Dodd, Mrs.
Beach, Mr. Doerr, Miss Bliss, Mr. J. DeCamp, Mrs.
Chas. B. Burns, Miss Donohue, Mrs. Dcvereux, Miss
Doherty,Miss Alice Holabird, Mrs. Seth Evans, Miss
Mary Hauna, Mrs. Elliott, Miss Anna Harvey, Mrs.
Eckstein, Mrs. Hardacre, the Misses Ellison, F. Hass,
the Misses Fletcher, Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Mrs. Jos.
Feemster, the Misses Jeffras, Mrs. F. Forcheimer,
Miss Ingalls, Miss Fithian, the Misses Field, Miss
Mary Jones, Mr. R. B. Field, Miss Janes, Miss Foster,
Mrs. Johnson, Miss Bessie Frazier, Mrs. Fechheimer,
Mrs. Herman Goepper, the Misses Goepper, Mr. Ed.
Goepper, Mrs. D. B. Gamble, Mrs. Hosea, Mrs.
Thomas Hanna, Mrs. L. B. Harrison, Mrs. Hochstet-
ten the Misses Harrison, Mrs. Wm. Harrison, Mrs. F.
G. Huntington, Miss Helen Huntington, Miss Lacey,
Mrs. George Mason, Mrs. Mallon, Mead er Furniture
Co., Mrs. N. H. McLean, Miss McLaughlin, Mrs. Net-
telton, Mrs. J. Wayne Neff, Mrs. George Newton,
Mrs. McNeal, Mrs. Harley Procter, Mrs. Aaron
Perry, Mrs. Benj. Putnam, Mrs. Elliott Pendleton, Jr.,
Miss Pitman, Miss Prather, Mrs. Joseph Peebles, Mr.
H. Probasco, Mrs. J. Perkins, Mlle. De Korsak, Miss
Keys, Miss Carrie Kemper, Miss Anna Langenbeck,
Miss Lyon, Mrs. J. H. Laws, the Misses Laws, Mrs. H.
S. Laws, Mrs. Lippincott, Miss Kate Lippincott, Mrs.
Langdon, Mrs. F. H. Lawson, Mrs. J. V. Lewis, Miss F.
Leidy, Mr. G. Sattler, Miss Rebecca Scarborough, Mrs.
W. W. Seely, Miss Lizzie Stanwood, Mrs. Theodore
Stanwood, Miss Minnie Stanwood, Miss Stettinius,
Mrs. Anna Sheldon, Mrs. Sadler, Mrs. Saffin, Mrs.
Schultz, Mrs. Robert Sattler, Miss Alma Sattler, Mrs.
Thomas Smith, Miss Maud Stone, the Misses Stewart,
Mrs. G. A. Thayer, Mrs. Sam Taft, Tice & Hunting-
ton, Mrs. Townley, Mrs. Ed. Rawson, Mr. George
Thompson, Miss Roelker, Miss Alice Traber, Miss
Reid, Mrs. White Raneley, Mrs. E. Williams, Mile.
Viellard, Miss Woolly, Mrs. Chas. Wilson, Mrs. Ed.
Wilson, Miss Mollio Wayne, Mrs. Frank Wilson, Mrs.
Weibel, Mrs. J. E. Worth, Mrs. L. C. Weir, Mr. Reu-
ben Warder, Mrs. Westendorf, Miss Katherine West-
endorf, Miss Anna Warder, Mrs. Jos. Wilby, Mrs.
Wilder, Mrs. Homer Wessel, Woodruff, Cox & Co.
A LONDON CHARITY FOR CHILDREN.
During a recent visit to New York, Lady Braba-
zon, of England, visited the Wilson Industrial School
for girls She expressed much pleasure in witnessing
the results of Miss Huntington's method of work, and
purchased a number of her books, with a view to in-
troducing the kitchen garden system on her return to
England. The following circular contains informa-
tion of some of the good work carried on amongst
the little childron in England.
MINISTERING CHILDREN'S LEAGUE.
Motto.—" No day without a deed to crown it."
Central Secretary—The Lauy Brabazov, 83 Lancaster Gate.
Objects.
1. To promote kindness, unselfishness, and the
habit of usefulness amongst children, and to cre-
ate.in thoir minds an earnest desire to help the needy
and suffering.
2. To aid the necessities of the poor by supplying
them with warm clothing, comforts, etc.
Bule.
Every member of the League must try to do at
least one kind deed every day.
N. B.—It is hoped that the observance of this rule
will not only lead to children being kind to the poor,
but that it will also tend to the greater happiness oí
home circles, which are often sadly marred by the lack
of kind words and deeds.
Members.
Children of all ages are invited to join. It is es-
pecially wished that elder ones should become mem-
bers, not only because their work will be of better


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
11
quality than that done by little children, but because
their example and influence will be of great value
amongst younger brothers and sisters.
Associates.
Parents and others, whose privilege it is to watch
over the welfare of children, aro invited to join as
associates, or guides to the little ones in any labor of
love which they may undertake.
How to Start a Branch.
When it is desired to establish a branch of the
League in any town, village, or district, the first step
is to obtain the consent and, if possible, the co-opera-
tion of the clergy. Then write to tho Central Secre-
tary's Lancaster Gate, W., who will be glad to sup-
ply cards of membership, papers, etc. A meeting of
parents and children should bo hold, and tho objects
of the league laid before them. A local branch sec-
retary must be elected, whose duty it will be to keep
a list of the names of all who join, to send out notices
of meetings, to receive the work done by the children
for the poor, and also any money which may be col-
lected for charitable purposes in connection with the
League.
Branch Meetings.
These should take place periodically, half-yearly,
or quarterly, so that the interest of the children may
be well maintained. On these occasions, tho members
should be requested to bring with them any articles
which they have made for the poor since the previous
meeting. It will be found that none will like to come
empty-handed. It is desirable that when a branch is
fairly established, some definite charitable scheme
should be set going by those who join the League—
such as the support of an orphan, or the maintenance
of a cot in a children's hospital, etc. If the funds
collected should not permit of so large an expendi-
ture as this would involve, a destitute, ailing child
from one of our crowded cities could be sought out
and sent to the seaside or into the country for a holi-
day of some weeks' duration: the board and lodging
of the little one being defrayed by the members'
money. Or else some poor invalid's lifo could bo
brightened by a gift from the children—such as an
easy chair, books, newspapers, pictures, etc.
Sow to Dispose of the Work Done by Members.
Gifts of warm clothing, outfits for girls going into
service; comforts for the sick; toys made or mended
by the members, scrap books, etc., will be most ac-
ceptable to the clergy. Nurses, bible women, and
others, who visit among the destitute poor, and many
societies in our larger towns, are thankful to receive
clothing for distribution.
Branch secretaries would do well to find out the
needs of local charities, and ascertain if they have not
wants which members' hands could supply.
Need for the Ministering Children's League.
It is sad to note how many deeds of kindness re-
main undone, how many days and hours are wasted,
and how much misery remains unalleviated, because
men, women, and children have never acquired the
habit of making themselves of use to their fellow-
creatures, and have never learned to appreciate the
luxury of doing good. Children have warm, gener-
ous hearts, but these hearts often become hardened,
for many little ones are from their very cradle trained
in habits of luxury and thoughtlessness of the needs
of others. Even self-denying parents have self-indul-
gent children; and to the former it is a sore trial to
see their offspring growing into selfish men and
women. Tho habit of usefulness in the world re-
quires cultivation as well as any other; it is grossly
neglected; and yet surely it is calculated to be a
greater blessing to those who acquire it than to those
who are benefited by it. This League has been
formed in the hopo that, under the providence of God,
it may prove an humble instrument for the diffusion of
happiness and the alleviation of misery, and that it
may lead, in some small degree, to the moral improve-
ment of the rising generation.
COOKING LESSONS.
A series of Cooking Lessons will be given by Mrs.
Emma P. Ewing, in College Hall, during the month of
January, under the auspices of the Kitchen Gardens
of Cincinnati and Covington. The dates will be as
follows: Lecture, Monday evening, January 18th.
Lessons on the afternoons of Tuesday, January 19th;
Wednesday, January 20th; Friday, January 22d;
Monday January 25th; Tuesday, January 26th;
Thursday, January 28; Friday, January 29th; Mon-
day, January 31st.
Tickets for the Course, . . . $4.00
Tickets for Four Lessons, . . . 2.50
Tickets for one Lesson, ... 75
The names of those wishing to subscribe can be
sent to The Kitchen Garden, P. O. Box 1158, Cin-
cinnati.
Miss Laws,
100 Dayton St., Cincinnati.
Mrs. Ellen B. Dietrick,
1001 Madison St., Covington, Ky.


12
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
THE SCHOOL SEWING BOX.
Miss Annie Laws, President.
Mks. N. A. JEFkKAS, V.-P't,
I Miss Ida Doane. Secretary.
I Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Trees.
fHgg*Svliscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, P. 0. Box, 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, JANUARY, 1886.
At the Christmas celebration of the Cincinnati
Kitchen Gardon, the pleasure manifested openly by
those who came to look on—strangers in the number
too—bore testimony to the steady interest felt in this
institution, and was, we think, an earnest of its sure
future existence.
Our belief in this is strengthened by another evi-
dence of interest, which came under our notice a few
days ago: A lady acknowledged frankly that,
though she bad given often to charities and schools
such encouragement as her purse would allow, she
had never felt, until she heard of the Kitchen Gar-
den work, that keen desire to be herself a part of the
good work—one of the wheels of the wonderful ma-
chine which shall help to bury ignorance and indif-
ference, that intelligence and ambition may spring
up instead. She asked how she might prove that she
was interested, what she might do to show her zeal,
and said that if she were once actively engaged in
the school—" Why! it must <jo. absolutely."
With such enthusiasm abroad, perhaps only wait-
ing to be awakened to conciousness of an object
worthy to spend it upon, the Kitchen Garden goes
out to meet those who seek a form of expression for
their feeling of " Goodwill to men."
Let stoies smile at a philanthropy which needs to
be constantly fed to keep up its flame. We do not
hesitate to hold out a reward to those who are willing
to work for it—the reward which lies in the smile on
a little pale face, the clutch of a little dirty hand; or
the faltering confidence of a young girl awakened to
a sense of distrust of her own judgment to guide
her through the crooked ways of a wretched life.
This box embodies a systematized method of teach-
ing sewing by the use of basted, practice pieces of
calico, muslin, selicia and flannel.
It is arranged in eight graded lessons, according to
the instructions of the "Sewing Primer," which is a
little manual prepared for children's use, and has
been used with marked success in very many of the
leading industrial schools in all of our large cities.
With the " Primer" the School Sewing Box system
has been tried, and its value proved by years of ex-
periment in. the Wilson Industrial School of New
York, which has a world wide celebrity for its suc-
cessful methods of industrial training for girls.
For the benefit of other sewing schools, the Sewing
Box has been arranged, putting in shape for their use,
this system so thoroughly proved.
Although the Sewing Box is of but recent origin,
it has already been taken up by many who have dis-
cerned at a glance its excellence, and the simplicity
and completeness of its design.
Ladies' Missionary Societies and Mission Bands
have recognized it as some thing which will be most
helpful to foreign schools, and already have shipped a
number to schools in Turkey, Persia, India, China
and Japan; even Africa is spoken for.
The work of filling up these boxes with basted
pieces is a capital one to interest the young people of
Mission Bands in.
The plan of the box is to teach the А B С of sew-
ing easily, pleasantly, and thoroughly.
The child acquires the art mid smiles rather than
with tears, as was too often the old time experience
of childhood.
A box supplied with the practice pieces, needles,
thread, thimble, etc., is a splendid tool in the hands
of a teacher of sewing, which she will not desire to
relinquish until, equipped with a practical knowledge
of the stitches of each successive grade, her pupils are
able to take up an unmade garment with courage and
confidence, and complete its seams in a workmanlike
manner.
Experience teaches that it is a mistake to begin to
teach children in a school to sew on garments which,
however small they may be, have to the children long
seams, which become uninteresting and tiresome, and
beget a dislike for the needle which it is hard to over-
come.
The simple instructions of the "Primer," the life
of its songs, and the pleasant variety of the bright
practice pieces, all go toward beguiling the child on-
ward in this safe and womanly pathway of knowledge.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
13
The School Sewing Box is strongly made for school
ase, it is divided into ten different compartments,
one for each of the eight grades of basted pieces, one
for holding reserve stores for needles, thread, thimbles,
etc., and one for spools of cotton, scissors, emery and
such Utensils as are needed for class use. The supply
of work will last a class of 40 girls, having one lesson
per week, four months.
Tho School Sewing Box is sold, furnished in three
ways:
Box containing 16 pieces, ono basted and one sewed
of each grade, showing the system plainly, §1.50.
Ladies who volunteer their help in basting for sew-
ing schools can easily fill in the pieces of each grade,
by following the patterns.
Box filled with 500 basted pieces ready for sewing,
with 50 thimble bags for holding each child's thimble
and marking her work, $6.00.
Box filled with 500 basted pieces, ready for sewing,
with 50 thimble bags, 3 papers of pins, 2£ doz. spools
of thread, 6 doz. thimbles, 20 papers of needles,
scissors, emerys, cushions, $10.00.
Illustrated Sewing Primer, 30c; sent by mail, 34c.
In sending orders, the kind of box desired will be
best indicated by stating price, which has been lately
reduced, that the boxes may come within easier reach
of many who desire them.
Address orders to
L. J. Kirkwood,
125 St. Marks Place, New York.
MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL, TOLEDO,
OHIO.
CONCLUDING EXERCISES OP THE GREAT EDUCATIONAL
INNOVATION-
At 2 o'clock, General R. B. Hayes called the meet-
ing to order and introduced Mrs. Emma Ewing, of the
Iowa Agricultural College, who was to address the
convention on the important subject of " Domestic
Economy." In the United States there are 8,000.000
kitchens, which prepare the food for 60,000,000 of
people. Statisties show that, besides the consumption
of vegetables, berries, and similar articles, there are
consumed in a year 19,000,000,000 eggs; 150,000,000,-
000 bushels of potatoes; 80,000,000,000 pounds of
coffee; 45,000,000,000 pounds of flour; 10,000,000,000
pounds of fish; 1,000,000,000 pounds of game. How
much of this is converted into palatable, nutritious
food, capable of renewing the worn-out tissues, nerves,
and muscles of the human body? Not one person in
10,000 can toast a slice of bread decently.
Most of the food prepared is unfit to be eaten.
Many can not cook potatoes well. They come to
the table heavy, watery, and indigestible. Why are
there so many magazines devoted to scientific, me-
chanical, and literary pursuits, and none devoted to
the culinary department. Is not this important?
The three natures are closely connected; and unless
the physical nature be healthy, there can not be a
healthy action of the intellect; and even the moral
nature can be retarded in its advancement by tho low
condition of the physical.
Briefly, Mrs. Ewing enumerated some of the faults
in the cookery of our ancestors.
Art and science have made rapid advancement in the
last lOOyears: why should not the kitchen keep paco
with the progress of tho rest of the house? But does
it? Are the meals any better prepared now than
they were 100 years since?
Now facts in botany and chemistry are constantly
giving us more light regarding the properties and
nature of food. Shall we make no practical applica-
tion of these? If graham gems be mixed in a close,
warm room, filled with vitiated air, the most careless
observer can not but see the wide difference between
these, when baked, and others prepared by an open
window. Our knowledge of hygiene and chemistry
should be made practical in our kitchens. Some-
thing is radically wrong when the parlors are luxu-
riously furnished at a maximum expenditure and the
kitchens at the minimum. Aside from the stove, $10
would doubtless cover all the outlay in most of the
kitchens of the land, even the kitchens of the wealthy.
Greeley said "the south needs 20,000 good cooks."
This is still true, but the east, west, and north need
them also.
The amount paid for food materials in the United
States is greater than that paid for any thing else. More
people are engaged in cooking this food than will be
found in any other occupation; yet there is no pre-
liminary drill for this important work.
Ignorant, inexperienced, uneducated girls, for the
most part, prepare our meals, and thus injure our
health. Then followed an urgent, eloquent plea for
tho establishment of cooking schools. Mrs. Ewing's
able paper was delivered in a clear, intelligent man-
ner, and earnest applauso followed its close.—Evening
Post.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Leland University,
New Orleans, La., Nov. 20, 1885.
Many thanks for the sample copies of the Kitchen


14
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
Garden; I like them very much. Please send me
the numbers this year as they are issued. We are
trying to train our students in all practical directions,
as well as to make teachers and preachers, and my
department, the Kitchen Garden, is especially near
my heart. I hope the day is not far distant, when, by
its introduction into our public schools, if possible, the
knowledge that every woman needs may become a
part of the general education of our girls.
We are working under some disadvantages, but I
have a very bright, interesting little class, though
they are only little colored children. I shall look
eagerly for your kitchen gardon notes, and possibly
may have occasional items of interest to send you
from my class.
When I was in Chicago last summer, my little
niece, a child of eleven years, was very much inter-
ested in hearing of my class, and wrote for it a num-
ber of verses to supplement one they often sing in
the primary schools. You may remember it:
"Come tell me, come tell me
What use is the broom?
To sweep our rooms and kitchen,
To sweep our rooms and kitchen,
And kitchen, and kitchen,
And kitchen."
My children here are so pleased with it, that if you
choose to give it room in your Kitchen Garden,
others may possibly be pleased too.
Wishing you success, I remain,
A fellow worker,
Katherine Rhodes.
Cleveland, Dec. 7, 1885.
I am very glad of the opportunity given to write
you about our work in Cleveland this year.
During the vacation months our school rooms were
open one afternoon in the week, and two teachers
present who taught the children to mend any gar-
ments they chose to bring. Flowers were contributed
each week, and given to the children to take home.
Some of the time was spent in singing, telling stories
and playing games, and the afternoon was always a
pleasant one for teachers and scholars. The attend-
ance was small, twelve being the largest number
present, and often only two or three.
The school was called together, and classes formed
Oct. 3, but its first regular session was held Oct. 10,
when 29 pupils and 10 teachers began work with
much interest and good will. Of this number, 24
pupils and 6 teachers were in the school when it
closed in May.
The increase in numbers has been very gradual, but
the attendance is punctual and regular—girls coming
a long distance the stormiest days.
Last Saturday, Dec. 5, 44 pupils were present, and
we have now 14 teachers who attend the meetings,
and are prepared to take classes at any time.
We are giving more time to music this year, as
that is always the pleasantest feature in the school.
Wo have purchased a piano, and open the school with
music, have singing between the classes and before
lunch. The children's voices seem to soften and im-
prove by practice of cradle songs and some of the
kindergarten melodies, but they sing the Kitchen
Garden songs all the more heartily for the occasional
chango. We have music also for the light gymnastic
exorcises which the children enter into with much
spirit. I think these exercises are teaching the girls
the elements of self-control, and we see their value in
their more gentle movements about their work.
A new feature in our work is a series of talks by
one of our teachers on physiology and hygiene, given
to the whole school. It is surprising to see how in-
telligently the children listen, and last Saturday I
noticed that they could answer all questions review-
ing the preceding lesson. These general lessons
seem to add much to the interest of the school, the
children are so easily impressed with earnest words
on any subject.
in our sewing department, we arc following one of
the many good suggestions from the Cincinnati
school, and all the girls who finished garments
last year, aro sewing on samples of fine cotton with
colored threads so arranged as to teach them every
kind of plain hand sewing. We mean to form a
mending class after Christmas, where children com-
ing with torn garments will be taught to patch, darn,
or sew on buttons, aside from their regular work.
Saturday, Nov. 28, tho girls were surprised by a
Thanksgiving lunch of turkey sandwiches, milk and
fruit, which was heartily enjoyed.
A story paper was given to each child, and it was
surprising to see how pleased even the smallest
seemed to be with it. By the way, a curious fact was
developed in our "fire building" lesson the other
day. Every child told the teacher that at homo " they
always kindled the fire with coal oil; they never had
any newspaper in tho house;" and questioning
brought out tho fact that in two families out of the
seven represented, they had a Catholic paper once iu
two weeks.
How is one to meet this sort of poverty and
ignorance?
Our weekly teachers' meetings add much to the en-
thusiasm of the work. Each teacher has prepared


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
15
an advanced lessoD on one branch of house-work for
the older classes. These are read and criticised at
the meetings, the work planned for the Saturday's
lessons, and the individual needs'of the pupils talked
over.
These advanced lessons aim to be very practical,
and we are testing their value with our class of older
girls who have been laying the table and learning
every detail of serving a full course breakfast, and we
find it best to keep the class over a month on the one
lesson.
"We are now looking eagerly forward to the return
of our president before the holidays, to whose earnest
efforts in the organization of the school is due its
successful opening this fall.
Very sincerely yours,
Elizabeth Reeve.
Toledo, Dec. 10, 1885.
413 Superior Street.
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association:
Last year, Miss Waite, of Washington, gave me a
description of your kitchen garden work in Cincin-
nati, and also several copies of the paper, the
Kitchen Garden. Wo are about to start one in con-
nection with our industrial school, but as our means
are limited, it must be at first in a very moderate
way. We should be very grateful if you could tell us
how an outfit might be procured as cheaply as possi-
ble, and what the probable cost would be. Also, as
our teaching is lo be entirely amateur, we should like
any hints that you can give us from your experience.
We are emboldened to ask these favors by the feel-
ing that you will be anxious to have this good work
spread as far and as widely as possible.
Tours truly,
Pamela Berdan.
Ninth St. Baptist Church,
Cincinnati, December, 1885.
To the Kitchen Garden:
In the corner of our large Sunday School room aro
clustered every Saturday our little nurses with their va-
rious charges. The teacher, Mrs. Richards, gives her
class, the first day she takes it, a talk on the care of
children, and tries to instill into the girls the great
responsibility that rests on one who takes charge of a
child. Tho next Saturday she gives them a lesson in
nursery amusements. The next week the class are
allowed to take charge of all the children under five
years of age who are brought to the school. The lit-
tle ones are seated around the table, and the nurses
give them lessons in paper-folding, stick-laying, mat-
weaving, ring-work, etc. The nurses aro required to
prepare the work. They must cut the papers for
folding, and the mats for weaving. We give them
colored wrapping paper for this, so that they will
learn to use just what material they can get when
thrown on their own resources. Mrs. Richards tells
the children simple stories and little gems of poetry.
When a new class enters tho nursery, one of the оЦ
is roiained to amuse the children till the new class is
ready to take them.
Mt. Auburn, December 5, 1885.
Our kitchen garden opened tho first Saturday in
November, in the Mt. Auburn Baptist Church, with
thirty scholars and five teachers.
We feel quito encouraged in regard to our school,
as all are so enthusiastic. The second Saturday there
were forty, and the third, forty-nine scholars. Things
are running smoothly, though, as you know, it will
take some time before every thing is thoroughly sys-
tematized. Last week we were delighted to welcome
three new teachers. We have just as many scholars
as we care to accommodate for the present; any
more would crowd us.
As the announcement was first given from Sunday
School, quito a number came from curiosity, as they
had no idea what a kitchen garden was like. Of
course, we did not keep them all, but their places
were immediately filled.
We hold the school every Saturday morning, from
ten to twelve o'clock.
The Sunday School is so largely composed of mis-
sion children that we thought the kitchen garden
would not only benefit them, but also afford us a
means of becoming better acquainted with them and
their needs.
Although our first idea was for the children of the
Sunday School, we are glad to receive any who wish
to come. Thore are many in the vicinity who could
easily be reached. Sincerely, I. F. ~D.
St. Paul, Minn., December 5, 1885.
611 Canada Street.
Not quito a month ago, the Unity Church Kitchen
Garden class began its now term's work, and has since
then held two meetings. We aro not as yet overbur-
dened with pupils, but are confidently expecting re-
inforcements.
With the hopo of making the children more inter-
ested and punctual in attendance, wc have instituted
"roll-call," and intend to attach some slight penalty
to unnecessary absence. Our children, coming from


16
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
comfortable homes, with plenty of chances for good
times, can not be depended on for kitchen garden
work; and in this fact lies our chief trouble.
Our charity class is still a thing .of the future; but
we are hoping to start it later in the winter; we feel
that it might prosper better than the pay class, for
the reason which I before stated, and we already
know of some bright little negro Baptists who would
b,e delighted to join, but unfortunately their parents
fear that we combine religious with secular instruc-
tion.
Of the further trials and tribulations which fall to
our lot, we will, if possible, inform you, but, for the
present, these are sufficient.
Yours truly,
Adelaide M. McCaine,
Acting Secretary.
INTELLIGENCE.
Under the auspices of the "Women's Educational
and Industrial Union," of Covington, a very interest-
ing series of lessons in cooking has just been given
in Greer's Hall, Covington, by Mrs. Emma P. Ewing,
Dean of the School of Domestic Economy of the
Iowa Agricultural College.
The course was arranged in the following man-
ner:
Tuesday, Dec. 8, Bread: Home-made Bread, Vienna
Bread, Graham Bread, Fancy Rolls.
Wednesday, Dec. 9, Soups and Sauces: Plain Soup,
Vegetable Soup, White Soup, Mock Bisque, White
Sauce, Tomato Sauce.
Thursday, Dec. 10, Roasting: Meats and Poultry.
Friday, Dec. 11, Broiling: Beefsteak, Chicken,
Oysters.
Saturday, Dec. 12, Frying: Fish, Potatoes, Chicken,
Oysters, Breaded Meats.
Monday, Dec. 14, Salads: Shrimp, Potato, Cab-
bage, Chicken.
Tuesday, Dec. 15, Entries and Little Dishes : Breasts
of Chicken (White Sauce), Rice Croquettes, Chicken
Croquettes, Deviled Crabs.
Wednesday, Dec. 1G, Delicate Desserts.
Cooking has been introduced into the Kitchen
Garden department of the " Industrial Union." Sov-
eral lessons have already been successfully given.
These have been formulated to great extent upon the
lessons given in Miss Huntington's Cooking Garden
Book.
We hope in the future to give some account of this
"Cooking Garden " experiment.
The Kitchen Garden is indebted to Mrs. L. B. Har-
rison, of Walnut Hills, for a large can of delicious
country milk, which is sent every Saturday morning
for the luncheon.
Mrs. Chas. Baker sent a package of children's
clothing, which proved very acceptable.
"Humble employments are held in contempt, and
humble powers are every-where making high em-
ployments contemptible. Our children need to be
educated to fill, in christian humility, the subordinate
offices of life which they must fill, and taught to re-
spect humble callings, and to beautify and glorify
them by lives of contented and glad industry.
"When public schools accomplish an end so desir-
able as this, they will fulfill their mission, and they
will not before."—J. G. Holland, Essay on American
Public Education.
SANTA CLAUS.
Upon the house, no delay, no pause,
Clattered the steeds of Santa Claus;
Down thro' the chimney with lots of toys—
ETo! for the little ones' Christmas joys.
Chorus.
Ho, ho. ho, who would n't go,
Ho, ho, ho, who would n't go,
Upon the housetop, click, click, click,
And down thro' the chimney with good St. Nick?
Here are the stockings of little Nell—
Oh, good Santa, fill them well.
Give her a doll that laughs and cries,
One that opens and shuts its eyes.—Ho, ho, ho, etc.
Look in the stockings of little Will—
Oh, is not that a glorious fill I
A hammer and a gimlet, and lots of tacks,
A whistle and a whirligig, and a whip that cracks.—Ho,
ho, ho, etc.
Here are the stockings of lazy Jim—
What has the good Saint done for him. •
Loi he is filling them up with bran;
Now he is adding a new rattan.—Ho, ho, ho, etc.
Papa and mamma, and grandma, too,
Each, I declare, has something new.
Even the baby enjoys its part,
Shaking the rattle, ah, bless its heart.—Ho, ho, ho, etc.
Rover, come here! Are you all alone?
Have n't they tossed you a Christmas bone?
Here's one to gladden your honest jaws;
Now wag a " thank you" to SantaClaus.—Ho, ho, ho, etc.


THE KITCHEN
GARDEN.
VOL. III. No. 3. CINCINNATI, MARCH, 1886. Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO-
CIATION.
The topic which has excited most interest during
the past two months, not only in the minds of the
teachers in the Kitchen Garden and members of the
Association—which is composed almost entirely of
teachers who have given up active work, but still
retain active interest—but also in the minds of all
friends of the Kitchen Garden, has been the impor-
tant one of cookery:
flow best to introduce that branch of work into
the school, how to carry it on successfully when in-
troduced, and what steps to take in order to promote
its steady growth into a permanent department of
cookery, with a well-trained, skilled teacher at the
head.
In discussing the matter from various standpoints,
the conclusion was finally reached that the first thing
to do was to begin at once in a small way with what
material we had, and let ways and means present
themselves as the work advanced.
Our limited experience since the Kitchen Garden
work was started, six mondis ago, has shown us that
the surest growth is not always tho quickest.
As all of our rooms were in uso, and none of them
were especially adapted for cooking purposes, we de-
cided to rent another room in the same building.
This room, though pleasant in some respects- has the
disadvantage of having no water and no sink. How-
ever, if all things prove favorable, we may bo able to
make up next year for the deficiencies of this by get-
ting rooms better adapted for our purposes, and by
having one selected, if possible, with especial refer-
ence to the cookery department.
After fitting the room up with stove, cooking uten-
sils, tables, and all that is included in a well-appointed,
but by no means luxuriously furnished, kitchen, we
began with a series of lessons in soup-making.
During the extreme cold weather which prevailed
part of the winter, there was much suffering among
the poor families of the city, and a number of cases
were brought to our notice, in which families of five
and six little children were nourished exclusively on—
weak tea and stale bread.
It occurred to us that this expense of good nourish-
ing soup would be comparatively little, and, by teach-
ing our young girls how to make it nicely, they might
prove useful in their own homes.
A class of six of the older girls, who had just com-
pleted a course of lessons in dinning-room work, be-
gan the first Saturday by being initiated into the mys-
teries of stock-making. A very palatable tomato soup
was then prepared from stock, which had been made
th eday before, in quantity sufficiently large to serve
the whole school of seventy children at luncheon, in
addition to the milk and rolls usually furnished. The
exclamations of pleasure which greeted the sight of
the luncheon tables delighted the interested young
cooks, who watched eagerly to see if any of the soup
should be left. Needless to say, the contents of the
soup plates vanished most rapidly.
The following Saturday the menu consisted of to-
mato and beau soups, which were equally successful,
and enjoyed. A mixed vegetable soup was next at-
tempted, and on this occasion two of the girls came
very early and made their preparations without the
aid of a teacher.
In arranging other dishes, we shall probably not
attempt to prepare a sufficient quantity for the whole
school, but will invite the members of each class in
turn to partake of an addition to tho luncheon pre-
pared by the cooking class.
This department will continue for the present, in
charge of Miss Elsie Field and Mrs. Hobt. Sattler.
We think, however, that when the occasion pre-
sents itself we shall be able to offer a very good open-
ing to some competent, well-trained teacher of cook-
ery, who miiy be able to teach private classes of ladies
as well. We shall be very glad to receive informa-
tion from any who are interested in this department
of work, in regard to teachers, books, or experiences
which may prove helpful to us or to others.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
19
week, and after writing down the receipts, the girls
prepare the dishes themselves, and are expected to
try them at home before the next lesson. They take
great pleasure in relating to each other what success
they have had, especially when "Mother thinks my
bread is better than her's." Nice cake of all kinds is
made and sold for the benefit of the school; but as
the best of material is used, the profit received is not
large, and it is therefore dependent on contributions
for its support.
The committee wish again to express their thanks to
the friends who have kindly aided them, and hope that
they wjll continue their interest through the coming
year. Donations of any kind are always very wel-
come, and may be loft with Miss E. W. Gemmill, who
with her sister, Miss Annie Gr. Gemmill, has had
charge of the classes and cake for more than two
yeai-s, and by the skill and integrity with which they
have cared for the interests of the school have con-
tributed largely to its success. The question is often
asked, "Why can you not furnish trained cooks?"
To do this would require a larger outlay of money,
and more anxiety and responsibility than is desirable.
Schools of cookery are unavoidably expensive, even
when managed with the greatest care, for not only
rent, salaries, and fuel, but materials must be pro-
vided. In teaching these girls to improve their own
homes, a foundation is laid to which they can easily
add what is neoded. and quite a number of them have
already gone into service and given great satisfaction.
As some confusion has arisen in regard to the two
schools of cookery, it may be well to say that they
have always been entirely distinct, and connected
only by friendly interest. The committee assisted in
establishing tho Washington Cooking School, and
gave it the use of their rooms for several years, but
as tho increasing work of the free school required
more space, the other removed to Fourteenth street.
Mrs. Baker has a General Order Kitchen, and sends
out lunch baskets, while the Mission School takes
orders for cake, and has it always for sale at its
rooms, 1323 H street.
Mrs. A. L. Woodrury,
Mrs. J. O. Stanton,
Miss E. W. Gemmill, Secretary,
Committee.
THE CINCINNATI FROEBEL SOCIETY.
Two lectures will be given, under the auspices of
the Cincinnati Froebel Society, at College Hall, on
Friday evening, April 9th, and Tuesday evening, April
13th, by Professor Charles Froebel, a grand-
nephew of Frederich Froebel, the founder of the Kin
dergarten system.
New York, February, 1886.
To the Cincinnati Froebel Society:
In reply to your favor, I have the honor to state
that it would give me much pleasure to lecture before
your society and friends, on the evenings of April
9th and 13th, as suggested.
Lecture I: "The Spirit of the Kindergarten."
The purpose of this lecture is to emphasize the spirit
in distinction from the letter of Kindergarten teach-
ing: to point out tho fact that this spirit does not, in
any way, differ from that which should animate all
education; that the aims of tho Kindergarten also
constitute the only legitimate aims of the education of
boys and girls of any age up to the day when they
must definitely choose their life's vocation.
The lecture is to indicate that the methods of the
Kindergarten (in their most liberal interpretation)
are equally applicable to the teaching of the High
School, College, and University as to that [of babes
and little children. The purpose of the lecture is to
blot out of the public mind the false conceptions of
the Kindergarten as an educational patent medicine
(soothing byrup) for little children, and the equally
false distinction so frequently drawn between the
Kindergarten, as a mero superior nursery, and the
education of other schools, as something solid and of
practical value.
Lecture II: "How Can Wo Breathe the Spirit of
the Kindergarten into our Public Schools?"
This lecture begins with a brief introductory expo-
sition of Kindergarten teaching as we usually find it,
and a mere outline of its principles, as distinguished
from other teaching. I then show how these princi-
ples can be applied to the branches now taught in our
public schools, particularly to language, geography,
and arithmetic, etc.
I dwell upon the value of the so-called industrial
or manual training department of some of our higher
schools and their logical connection with the Kinder-
garten. I also state in what manner Kindergarten
teaching should be incorporated into our normal col-
leges, and what relation it should bear to their train-
ing and practice classes.
This lecture particularly appeals to the interest of
public school teachers, who are lacking in informa-
tion about the Kindergarten, and also to the interest
of those Kindergarten teachers who may be com-
pelled by popular clamor to introduce reading, writ-
ing, etc., into their exercises.
I have lately delivered thie lecture in Syracuse (on


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
23
about work and workers. The secret of true happi-
ness is in service, whatever the condition or class.
All may not serve alike, but the doing of something
for another lifts one out of self. Any thing that is
right, and will make the home. however humble,
more beautiful and happy, is surely a good work and
the most practical kind of religion. It is certainly
not in the great things wc can sometimes do, but in
the little common, every-day task, made beautiful by
being well done, and done with a willing, cheerful
spirit, that we can best minister to the happiness of
others.
I hope you will pardon me writing thus fully. You
see, we are new beginners, and, having been blind,
and having had our eyes opened, we feel that we must
help every one else to see.
I hope, after we have been working a few weeks
more, you will visit us and give us the benefit of your
criticism. We really seek that, as we want our work
to be well done. Yours very sincerely,
Mary McDougall.
Washington, D. C, January, 1886.
At a meeting of the Housekeeping Committee of
the Industrial Homo School, Mrs. Dormán B. Eaton,
Chairman, it was decided to send you §1.50 for the
paper for the three volumes. Will you please send
the package of back numbers to Mrs. W. L. Stock-
bridge, Superintendent of Homo Industrial School,
Georgetown, D. C.?
We are desirous of introducing kitchen garden
training among the thirty or thirty-five girls in the
institution which corresponds to your Children's
Home. I have had such an interesting intercourse
through letters and pamphlets with Miss Jane Cattell,
Secretary of Industrial Education Association of Now
York. She read a paper, I think, on that subject at
the W. C. A. Conference in Cincinnati, in October.
I road the Kitchen Garden faithfully and keep
my back numbers lent continually.
Very sincerely,
E. W. V.
Toledo, March 1, 1886.
About the first of January we started a Kitchen
Garden class in connection with the Industrial School.
Twelve of the larger girls were selected and we meet
every Saturday, from 10 to 12. The children seem
very much interested, and we teachers have become
equally fascinated: We use only the small toys, and
follow, in many things, the methods taught in your
paper, except that we omit sewing, which is taught
in the Industrial School proper.
We are puzzled now how to give sweeping lessons
with the toy brooms. If you could kindly tell us
how you manage in Cincinnati we should be grate-
ful. Pamela Burton.
[This inquiry was received too late for us to answer
it in this number. We promise an answer to this, as
well as some other questions in our next issue.—Ed.
K. G.]
We hope in the next number io^gi^e some little ac-
count of the Working Girls' School, recently started
in Cincinnati, under the auspices of the Women's
Christian Association.
NEW CASTLE'S INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
New Castle, Pa., January 22, 1886.
While the ladies of the New Castle Park Associa-
tion are doing a grand work, and one that will per-
petuate their memory, there is another organization of
ladies in this city w h ose grand efforts and wonderful
work will also be felt in after years. This institution
is the Industrial School, and few have any idea of the
magnitude of this concern which runs along so
smoothly, so quietly, and so seldom asks assistance.
On Thursday afternoon the teachers gave the pupils
a grand treat in the shape of a dinner, which was
held in the basement of the Disciple Church, where
the school holds its sessions every Saturday after-
noon. The school has about 75 names on its roll, of
which number 56 were present. What a sight!
Fifty-six bright, happy, childish faces, full of fun, and
giving vent to it, too. Fifty-six little girls who now
have learned to feel that there are those who are deeply
interested in their future, and who are laboring hard
for their suессаа. Fifty-six little girls, whose mothers,
crowded with other duties can not teach them
properly, are being brought up to make good house-
wives.
At 2 o'clock the children were marched into the
dining-room, and each stood behind her chair and
bowed her head reverently, while Mrs. James Craw-
ford asked the blessing.
The history of the New Castle Industrial School is
substantially as follows: It was organized over a
year ago by Miss Mary Burton, assisted by Misses
Sadie Lore, Maggie Balph, and other ladies of the
Second United Presbyterian Church. It had 20 mem-
bers at the start. It was conducted about one year
under the auspices of the Second U. P. Church, when
other denominations took part. Its object was to
teach children sewing, cooking. bed-making, and


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. III. No. 4. CINCINNATI, MAY, 1886. Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO-
CIATION.
Once moro we are enjoying the bright, spring Sat-
urdays when doors and windows can be left open,
and when the air is fragrant with lilaes and blossoms
which somehow usually find their way to the Kitchen
Garden on Saturday mornings. Many of the girls
are beginning to ask eagerly, are we going to plant
flowers and seeds again this year? Tho very simple
attempts at gardening made last spring seem to have
left a deep impression.
The household work is propressing satisfactorily,
and the cooking excites a great deal of interest.
We hope to make many improvements next fall.
It is now so near the end of the season that it hardly
seems worth while to make any great change until
then.
The class of girls in the school this winter has
been interesting, and most of them have been quito
regular in attendance and shown great interest in
their work.
Experience shows that in this work it is well to
take young girls while they are still in school, and
when they can be spared from home on Saturdays.
After they are once thrown upon their own resources
and are working for their living, it is difficult for
them to take the time for lessons, much harder for
them to learn, and the interest is apt to bo much
less. The evening is then the only available time,
and there are some disadvantages connected with
evening classos. One lady who has had much ex-
perience in working with young girls in New York,
said that she had found some objections to evening
classes, which had led her to consider tho advisability
of urging many young girls to join them. In visit-
ing some of tho mothers of the girle in whom she
was interested, they complained that their daughters'
interests and attention had been completely diverted
from their homes, and while they appreciated the ad-
vantages offered them, and the kind friends, still they
missed the evenings which had formerly brought the
members of the family together.
One mother said she had never allowed her
daughter to be out after night until urged to hav,e
her join some classes, and since that time she never
knew what it was to havo her remain at homo in the
evening. Sometimes she felt worried and uneasy,
and not at all certain that all of the evenings were
passed in the same place.
The testimony of many who are interested in In-
dustrial schools and classes is, that the best results
are obtained if tho girls can be trained between
the ages of eleven and seventeen.
Tho Kitchen Garden has been very much in-
debted to the ladies of the Seventh Presbyterian
Church, of Walnut Hills, for some very acceptable
packages of clothing sent recently through Mrs.
Scarborough. There has been a very marked im-
provement in the appearance of many of the girls
since, and tho ladies would havo felt assured that
their gifts were appreciated, could they have heard .
tho expressions of delight with which the nicely
made, comfortable, new undergarments were received,
luxuries not often enjoyed by many of the girls.
Sincero thanks are extended to them, also to Mrs. L.B.
Harrison, Miss Anna Warder, Miss Goepper, and
Miss Priest, of Mont Clair, N. J., for donations re-
ceived.
Easter Saturduy was a veritable spring festival for
the Kitchen Garden, and was celebrated with a pic-
nic at the Zoological Garden.
Mrs. Albert Netter was the Lady Bountiful of the
occasion, and with the assistance of her three child-
ren, showered gifts and surprises upon the children
until they felt they were in a real fairyland.
From the time the cars left the city and the first
glimpse of country grass and cows was greeted with
a shout of delight, until the return in the evening,
every moment was thoroughly enjoyed. The grass
was filled with violets, anemones, and dandelions, the
air was fragrant with blossoms, the atmosphere
warm and bright, and the day in every respect a
typical spring day. Abundance of luncheon was
provided, and candies, ice cream, etc., were served at
intervals during the day. Mrs. Henry Fechheimer


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
27
flour enough to make a smooth paste. Then prepare
the yeast—one cake compressed yeast dissolved in a
gill of water—and add to former mixture. Continue
to add flour until stiff" enough to knead; work it for
a short time in the bowl; then turn on to molding-
board and knead until quite smooth, free from any
lumps or drj- flour, and does not stick to the board
or hands. Grease the board with a little melted but-
ter, and put the dough into it to rise, brushing it over
the top with the melted butter. Cover the bowl with
a towel and piece of flannel, and place where the tem-
perature will remain at 75°, and leave to rise for three
hours. Then turn the dough on to the molding-board,
,which should bo lightly dusted with flour, and knead
again; divide into two equal parts; mold into loaves,
and put into greased pans to rise again for about an
hour, or until just light enough to bake. The time
required for bread to rise varies with the temper-
ature and different brands of flour. If the pans used
are about four inches in width and four in depth, the
loaf should bake sufficiently in half an hour, in a
hot oven.
COOKING UTENSILS.
There are a number of utensils not perhaps in
general use which lessen tho labor of cooking, and
add much to the attractiveness of food prepared by
their aid. There is nothing that makes so much dif-
ference between ordinary and delicate cooking as a
set of strainers. . . . Extension wire strainers are
very convenient. Keep also a supply of strainer
cloths, made from coarse crash, or cheese cloth, and fine
napkin linen. A set of oval tin molds, a melon mold,
and one or two fancy molds, are convenient for entrées,
puddings, and jellies. Other useful articles are Dover
egg-beaters, large and small; ordinary small wooden
spoons, and tho larger perforated ones; a whip chum;
granite saucepans and stewpans, holding from half a
pint to six quarts; double boilers; a wire basket for
fiying; a potato slicer; a fine wire broiler for toast,
and two coarser ones for steak and fish; a set of pas-
try bags and frosting tubes; fancy vegetable cutters;
a glass rolling-pin; and above all, a small sharp-pointed
knife, made from the best steel, for paring potatoes,
turnips, etc., and a set of tin measuring-cups holding
half a pint, and divided into quarters and thirds.
Small saucepans and small boards are more conven-
ient than large, unwieldy dishes; and granite or
agate ware is lighter to handle, and more easily kept
clean, than ironware. Buckels are convenient for
keeping sugar and small quantities of flour. Glass
jars or wide-mouthed bottles are best for nearly all
groceries, such as rice, tapioca, meal, raisins, etc.
They are easily cleansed, and the contents can be
seen. A refrigerator should be examined daily, and
kept thoroughly clean. If a suitable brush can not
bo had, a long, stiff wire, with a bit of cloth on the
end, should bo used to clean tho drain-pipe. Pour
boiling washing-soda wator through it every other
day.
Do not become wedded to the idea that dishes can
only be washed in a sink. If your pantry or cook
room be some distance from your sink, and has a
broad shelf or table in it, take your dishpan to the
pantry, wash and wipe your dishes there, and in this
way savo a few of the unnecessary steps.
Never wash a bread-board in an iron sink. Tho
iron will leave a black mark on the board difficult to
remove. Wash tho board on the table where you
have used it; uso cold water, and scrub occasionally
with sand soap. In scraping dough from the board,
scrape with the grain of the wood, and hold tho knife
in a slanting direction, to prevent roughening the
surface of the board. Wash, and wipe dry, and never
let dough accumulate in the cracks. Have one board
for bread and pastry, and keep it smooth. Usó a
smaller board for rolling crumbs and pounding and
cleaning meat and fish.
A Dover egg-beater should never be left to soak in
water, as the oil will bo washed out of the gears, and
the beater be hard to turn; or, if used again beforo
it be dry, the oil and water will spatter into tho
beaten mixture. Use it with clean hands and tho
handle will require no washing. Wipo tho wires with
a damp cloth immediately after using, dry thoroughly,
and keep it well oiled.
All dishes should bo scraped before washing. A
small wooden knifo is best for this purpose. Bread
and cake bowls, or any dishes in which flour or eggs
have been used, are more easily cleaned if placed in
cold water after using, or washed immediately. Clear
up as you work; it takes but a moment then, and
saves much time and fatigue afterwards.—Mrs. Lin-
coln's Boston Cook Book..
"Tobe a good cook means the knowledge of all
fruits, herbs, balms, and spices; and of all that^s
healing and sweet in fields and groves; savory in
meats. It means carefulness, inventiveness, watch-
fulness, willingness, and readiness of appliance. It
means the economy of your great grandmothers, and
the science of modern chemists; it means much tastinjr
* О
and no wasting; it means English thoroughness,
French art, and Arabian hospitality; in means, in
fine, that you aro to be perfectly and always ladies
(loaf-givers), and you aro to see that every body has
something nice to cat."—Buskin.


28
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Mise Annie Laws, President, I Miss Ida Doane. Secretary.
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, V.-P't, I Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Treat.
JÖT"Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, Тhв
Kitchen Garden, P. 0. Box, 158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, MAY, 1886.
The Kitchen Garden is fulfilling admirably the
purpose for which it came into existence and is proving
an important factor, not only in informing those al-
ready interested, of the work going on in various
places, but in promoting the growth and spread of
new Kitchen Gardens and schools for training in
household work in many localities. It is gratifying
to note what an increase in schools of the kind there
has been during the past year.
Cooking schools and classes are now becoming
topies of such general interest it is to be hoped they
will eventually be engrafted upon our system of pub-
lic school education.
Boston has already made a move in this direction,
and cooking lessons aro givon at two of the public
schools, one supported by Mrs. Hemenway, the other
by Mrs. Quinccy Shaw.
The pupils of a number of tho different schools are
allowed to attend these schools, provided, " that their
parents and guardians so request in writing." The
matter is considered as yet an experiment, but tho
Sub-Committee on Manual Training recommended in
their last report that the conduct and expenso of
School No. 1 be assumed next September by the
School Committee, and that a school of cookery be
established at the same time in South Boston.
Three hundred girls are being taught through this
school year in Boston practical lessons in cookery,
and the teaching of cooking is proved to be a possiblo
thing in our public schools.
"Whenever we do what we can, we immediately
can do more."—James Freeman Clarke.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Cleveland, March, 1886.
I send to-day several lessons of the series that the
Domestic Training School is publishing in one of our
daily papers. Our object in publishing the lessons is
threefold: first and principally, to furnish our teachers
with the lessons without the labor of copying; sec-
ondly, to test the value of the lessons; and, thirdly,
to call attention to our work. Up to this time wo
have worked quietly along in our own way, without
any attempt at becoming known, unsolicited sub-
scriptions having more than paid our light expenses,
but we have recently organized ourselves under our
new name, and feeling strong with the strength of
organization and a creditable bank account, are plan-
ning to enlarge our work in various directions. This
will, of course, mean more money, and for the sake
of that we are glad to have the attention of the pub-
lic called to our work.
One thing we hopo to do is to start a free kinder-
garten next month. There never has been a free
kindergarten association in Cleveland, and to those
who have this work at heart there seems no better
way of starting it than under the Domestic Training
School, which, in spito of its short existence, is al-
ready known to stand for true charity under the
influence of no denomination or sect, which, I think,
is most important in all charity work. The kinder-
garten is our first experiment. I am very hopeful,
however, of seeing a flourishing system of kinder-
gartens in Cleveland sometime, the outgrowth of tho
one we hope'to start next month.
The cooking class is another direction in which we
aro looking. Wo were very much interested in the
account in tho last Kitchen Garden of your begin-
ning. Wo have talked cooking school ever since wo
started tho Kitchen Garden, and have considered all
kinds of ways and methods, and made innumerable
plans, but the feeling has grown more and more that
it is best to begin small and grow into something
larger, and we were therefore especially interested to
sec that you have reached the same conclusion. We
now expect to begin in a very humble way in the
kitchen of the Unity Church next week. We shall
let you know the success of our experiment after we
have tried it. We will send you also a report of our
organization, plans and projects in time for the next
number of the Kitchen Garden.
Very sincerely, M. L. S.
Allegheny City, Penn., April 5, 1886.
To the publishers of The Kitchen Garden:
Will you bo kind enough to send me a copy of The


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
29
Kitchen Garden. The idea of arranging for a
Kitchen Garden in connection with our Industrial
School is being considered, and as I bad the pleasure
of seeing the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden a few days
ago, write to ask where I may obtain thorough in-
formation. Does this paper furnish the name of the
firm in New York from whom all the supplies may be
procured? Sincerely,
Theresa M. Lawrence.
[All Kitchen Garden supplies may be obtained
from J. W. Schermerhorn & Co., 7 East Fourteenth
street, New York City.—Ed.]
THE INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION ASSOCIA-
TION OF NEW YORK.
Since the formation of the New York Kitchen
Garden Association in January, 18S0, the Kitchen
Garden system has spread in a most remarkable
manner, not only in different parts of this country,
but also in Europe and other quarters of the globe.
There are Kitchen Garden Associations in Chicngo,
Cincinnati, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Boston, Yonkcrs,
etc. The second named issues a bi-monthly Kitchen
Garden journal with a good circulation.
Formerly the very term Kitchen Garden was not
understood; now it is fully appreciated and loved by
thousands of children. The time came, however,
when the members of this association felt that the
scope of their work should be enlarged and new fields
of labor entered upon.
A motion was therefore made to dissolve the
Kitchen Garden Association and reorganize immedi-
ately under a now name and upon a broader basis.
This was unanimously carried, and after the neces-
sary forms were carried out the "Industrial Educa-
tion Association " came into existence March 21,1884.
The object of this association is to promoto the
cause of manual and industrial training; by dissem-
inating information relating to it; by securing its in-
troduction into schools of all grades; by training
teachers and organizing classes in special branches.
What has been accomplished thus far may bo
briefly indicated.
Through the office much valuable information has
been obtained and a large correspondence main-
tained.
Tho classes taught during the past winter under
the auspices of the association have included a total
of 1,904 pupils, and the benefits of its wide influence
thus extended can hardly be estimated.
The introduction of Kitchen Garden, or Little
Housekeepers' classes into mission schools, orphan
asylums, and tenement houses; the development of a
system of sewing, under which teachers have been
carefully trained and sent out to mission schools and
to public and private schools; the formation of classes
in domestic economy in leading private schools of
New York City, and the same introduction of the
same practical teaching into Working Girls' Clubs
and Girls' Friendly Societies, are some of the means
employed. Still another is the opening of a training
school at 54 East Eleventh street, of which Miss H.
K. Burns is superintendant, where classes in indus-
trial drawing and clay modeling, in sewing, Kitchen
Garden, cooking, and domestic economy, are crowded
almost beyond their capacity by children who come
from the public schools on Saturday and after school
hours. A daily Kindergarten, morning classes for
ladies in some of the above practical branches, and
evening classes for girls employed during the day are
likewise held. A training school for servants is also
established in connection with this house, where girls
are thoroughly trained in all departments of domestic
service. While practical work is thus vigorously
prosecuted the association emphasizes most strenu-
ously the importance of its work as a bureau of in-
formation, and in rousing public sentiment in favor
of handicraft or manual training.
Active co operation from principals and teachers
in both public and private schools, the sympathy of
the press, and the support of public spirited citizens,
indicate tho success of our efforts.
The preparation of teachers of industrial branches,
tho formation of vacation schools, and of classes for
boys, tho development of schemes for industrial train-
ing in neighboring towns and villages, claim thought-
ful attention and immediate effort. The possibilities
of the work before the association aro limited only
by the funds and resources at command of tho
workers.
THE NEW YOEK COOKING SCHOOL.
On the afternoon of March 27, the managers of the
New York Cooking School and others interested in
its work had the pleasure of witnessing its first ex-
hibition. The school was founded in 1876, but two
years ago it took up a new class of work—that of
giving cooking lessons to the poor. To save the an-
noyance of a fire, this exhibition was what was called
a " silent exhibition."
The children, twenty-four in number, attired in
snowy caps and aprons, were ranged behind tables
on which were molding boards, and on each board a
lump of bread dough. The exercises were begun by


30
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
singing a song of welcome. A series of questions in
relation to marketing, domestic economy, etc., was
then usked and answered with promptness and intel-
ligence. The bread was then kneaded while singing
a "bread song." After the exercises were concluded,
Mrs. T. B. Bronson, the managor of the school, made
a few remarks in regard to the origin and growth of
the work. The visitors were then invited to examine
and tasto a number of inviting-looking samples of
bread, rolls, cakes, pastries, jellies, salads, etc., which
were displayed on other tables in the room, and were
all made by girls under fourteen years of age. To
Miss Josephine Bennett, who has charge of this class,
is due the great success it has had in accomplishing
such excellent results.
During the past winter the New York Cooking
School has had fifty-five classes in that city and its
vicinity, and over seven hundred pupils, and each
class has been under the charge of a graduate of the
school.
Classes of girls in working clubs, and children
from mission and industrial schools can bo supplied
with teachers: Course of twelve day lessons, $21;
course of twelve evening lessons, §30. Classes will
pay for material used in lessons.
The rooms of such organizations not being always
adapted to give the lessons, classes can receive in-
struction at the New York Cooking School, 104
Second avenue, corner Sixth street.
The principles of plain cooking and its elementary
chemistry are thoroughly taught.
The course is of twelve lessons of one and a half
to two hours duration. Twelve pupils aro employed
practically; any number can look on and profit by
the instruction given.
The classes given in institutions, club rooms, or
mission schools, are expected to provide the stove,
utensils, supply light and fuel, and pay for materials
used.
Any school or institution desiring information, and
wishing to make arrangements for classes, will apply
by letter addressed to Mrs. T. B. Bronson,
"New York Cooking School,"
104 Second avenue, cor. Sixth street, New York City.
THE BOSTON COOKING SCHOOL.
The Women's Education Association of Boston de-
cided early in 1879 to establish a cooking school, its
object being to give instruction in cooking to those
who wished to earn their living in that way, or to
make practical use of it in their families. This work
was placed in charge of a sub-committee. Rooms
were obtained, a competent person engaged, and the
school opened in March 1879, with seven pupils, at
such price for their tuition as would enable them and
all persons of limited means to have the benefits the
school afforded. The interest increased as the school
became known, and during the term of twelve weeks
one hundred and fifty pupils were taught.
Numerous applications from ladies were received,
and the committee decided to admit all who applied
when the school reopened. The services of Mrs. D.
A. Lincoln were secured, and the following year the
numbers increased to two hundred and twenty-five in
practice lessons. Special lessons were also given, and
a course in sick-room cookery to nurses from the
various hospitals in the city. So many inquiries were
received from all parts of the country as to tho plans
and methods of tho school that it was decided to add
a training class for teachers to the original programme
of lessons.
Tho services of Miss Parloa were secured to take
charge of the class, and nino pupils joined from
various parts of tho country. Several of them went
to tho Women's Laboratory for instructions in chem-
istry as applied to cooking, and a course of lectures
was arranged. free of charge. Lectures were also
given on the chemistry and hygiene of food and on
anotomy. Diplomas were given this class, and their
services required in other cities, where they have met
with success in teaching. The class of pupils apply-
ing for admission convinced the committee that it did
not as yet teach the people most in need of its ben-
efits, and first in the sympathies of its founders. Tho
poor, who struggle to provide the necessities of life,
had scant time to take lessons and no means to pay
for them, and still here was the point at which tho
moral and physical gain hoped for through the in-
fluence of the school would be greatest. Recognizing
tho fact that tho instruction must be carried to them,
if they were to come under its influence, the com-
mittee arranged that free classes should be opened
both at tho north and south ends of tho city. Hun-
dreds of women and girls have been benefited by these
lessons. Evening classes for cooks, who could not bo
spared from their homes during the day, have been
given at twenty-five cents a lesson. Two classes of
students, graduating from the Harvard Medical
School, have received a course of instruction in cook-
ery for the sick. Practical lessons in marketing and
carving have been given. Last year an "order de-
partment" was established, but has been given up
owing to lack of room.
The qualifications of Mrs. Lincoln" as principal
teacher (and now superintendent) have proved of the
highest, and in addition there are skilled and inter-


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
31
ested teachers who have been trained by her; bat the
question is still nsked in the community, Why does
not the school give us more experienced cooks as the
practical result of this instruction? No time or effort
has been spared in endeavoring to obtain suitable
pupUs for instruction, but it needs tho hearty co-op-
eration of the housekeepers and of the offices who
provide cooks for our families. This help is gradually
being given by an association of annual subscribers
to a fund, to be used for the education of women who
arc willing to bo trained. Thus far the number of ap-
plicants has been smaller than was anticipated, but it
is thought if further timo and aid can bo given, the
number will increase as the advantages are bettor un-
derstood and appreciated. The school becamo an in-
corporated institution in January, 1883; this neces-
sitated a separation from tho Women's Education
Association, a matter of regret, as the relations had
been advantageous. The work has widened so rap-
idly with each year's experience that the attempt to
make it altogether self-supporting, or to confine it to
tho poorer classes, have both been abandoned. No
public educational institution is self-supporting. Even
our colleges that educate tho children of tho most
wealthy are not, and that a woman is rich seems no
sufficient roason for excluding her from the advan-
tages offered her of becoming practically conversant
with some of tho most important duties of woman's
home life. So while recognizing the fact of its de-
plorablo limitation, the school is organized and con-
ducted in a manner to enable it to do as much good
as possible in both these directions.—Extracts from
First Annual Report of the Boston Cooking School, 1884.
THE CHILDREN'S INDUSTRIAL EXHIBI-
TION.
An exhibition of children's handwork was held
in Cosmopolitan Hall, in New York City, during the
first week in April. This exhibition was the out-
growth of a suggestion made last November to the
members of the Industria^ Education Association of
New York, by Mr. Charles Barnard, and was planned
to ascertain how far and in what direction the child-
ren of New York City and vicinity had been in-
structed in the manual arts and industries.
Circulars were issued inviting the co-operation of
schools, institutions, parents, and children, to which
cordial responses were received. Although many
teachers regretted that they could send no exhibits,
because no industrial training was given in their
schools, the general sentiment was strongly in favor
of introducing such training. To meet the often ex-
pressed wish that this exhibition might show the re-
sults attained in cities where industrial education has
already gained a definite place in tho curriculum of
public instruction, special invitations were extended
to Jamestown, N. Y., New Haven, Conn., Chicago,
111., Cleveland, O., St. Louis, Mo., Philadelphia, Pa.,
and other cities. From these well-known schools the
association invited the work of all grades of pupils,
irrespective of age, with a view to showing the re-
sults possible under systematic training.-
The exhibits were divided into seven classes : wood-
work, metal work, needle work, practical cookery,
modeling in clay, designs, and leather work of all
kinds.
All articles, with the exception of a few from out-
side cities, were the work of children under 14 years
of age, and all wero made within six months of
March 15. Over 3,000 children sent in specimens of
their work, coming from 66 different places. Over
7,000 people visited the exhibition, and as they came
from different parts of the country the influence has
been carried far and wide.
The exhibition was placed before tho public in the
earnest hope that even the crude efforts of untrained
little hands might awaken a thoughtful interest in
their futuro development, while the more finished
work of older pupils might convince all who saw it,
that manual training is both feasible and advisable
as a factor in public education.
If, as will no doubt be the case, this exhibition is
but the prelude to a long series of similar affairs,
what an important factor they may become, in giving
an inspiration and an impetus to work, to thousands
of children who are just beginning to learn that
brains and hands combined can produce much better
results than either alone.
A catalogue has been issued containing a list of
the children contributing to this exhibition, grouped
under the heads of the schools and institutions, with
their ages and what was made by each. It also has
headings to tho sections, giving in concise words the
systems and methods followed in tho different schools.
The pamphlet is considered a valuable document by
educators and those interested in industrial work. It
has been sent all over the country, and is calculated
to arouse much interest. Somo extra copies are still
on hand and will bo forwarded by mail to any address
upon the receipt of 10 cents. Please communicate
with Miss Jane P. Cattell,
Secretary Industrial Education Association,
21 University Place, New York City.
"Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit,
saith the Lord of Hosts."


32
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
BOOKS.
Lend a Hand is the name of a magazine recently
published, which is to be a " Eecord of Progress and
Journal of Organized Charity."
"Many men and women, at work in different places,
and on different lines of philanthropy, have estab-
lished this magazine, that they may co-operate to-
gether and have one common organ, by which to ex-
plain to each other their successes and their failures.
They will dwell on their successes more in detail than
on their failures, because their hope is that they may
Improve the condition of things. But they will ac-
knowledge failure when it exists, and will tell enough
of it to warn others from like false experiments." For
sale by all newsdealers and bookstores.
The Families of John and Jake is the title of a small
pamphlet recently published by Eobert Clarke & Co.
It contains a strong plea for the introduction and
spread of industrial work, and for the cultivation of
the true "Home Mission " spirit.
This pamphlet may be obtained by sending ten
cents in postage stamps to The Kitchen Garden, P.
O. Box 1158, Cincinnati, 0.
The Brooklyn Bureau of Charities has started a
laundry, which proposes three things:
1. To furnish tho people of Brooklyn with an es-
tablishment where washing and ironing will be done
in a wholesome, home-like manner.
2. To provide employment for competent women.
3. To instruct incompetent and needy women how
to wash and iron properly, thereby fitting them to
earn a living.
It solicits patronage, promising, among other things,
to employ only those women who understand their
business; to keep washing distinct and separate; to
use nothing in the way of acids or bleaches to clean
or whiten the clothing, but the hest quality of soap,
starch, and bluing, drying and bleaching the articles
out-doors in an exposed place, with plcnty of air and
sun, whenever tho weather will permit.
They issue postal cards and other elips already
printed, in blank, and properly addressed for orders,
and a price list containing a detailed list of everj7 pos-
sible thing to be washed, with a very moderate charge
attached to each. This system is universally ad-
mitted te be an improvement of the old plan of giv-
ing out washing by tho dozen, irrespective of the size
and nature of tho " pieces," so-called. F. H. Marston
is Chairman Board of Managers; G. C. Brackett,
Treasurer; Mrs. В. T. Kneeland, Superintendent.—
Lend a Hand.
"Of wealth wo have had incomparable stores—in-
deed, I question if America has a richer corporation
to-day than ours; wealth of faith, of enthusiasm, of
experience, of affection, of brain, of speech, of com-
mon sense; this is a capital stock that can never
depreciato, needs no insurance, requires no combina-
tion lock or bonded custodian, and puts us under no
temptation to tack our course or trim our sails."—
Frances E. Willard.
The Kitchen Garden of the Ninth Street Baptist
Church closed work for tho season Thursday evening,
May 6. The Walnut Hills and Mt. Auburn Kitchen
Gardens closed Saturday, May 1. Miss Stevens, who
directs tho two former, is full of thought and plans
for the coming winter.
There is a prospect of a Kitchen Garden being es-
tablished in Avondale next season.
There are still completo sels of back numbers of
tho Kitchen Garden to be obtained at regular sub-
scription prico on application. These numbers con-
tain lessons on Dining-room, Kitchen, Laundry, Bed-
room and General Cleaning, Nursery and Sewing.
Address, "The Kitchen Garden," P. O. Box 1158.
The work of tho present season is rapidly drawing
to a close, and tho time approaching when plans for
future growth and development must be formulated.
An interesting series of cooking lessons was given
at Miss Armstrong's school on Mt. Auburn, on April
19, 20, 21, by Miss Emma E. Dodge, of New York.
"The formation of a Committee on Kindergartens
is among the advance steps taken by the Industrial
Education Association of New York, during the past
year.
"The purpose of this Committee is to collect such
statisties and information as will promoto tho estab-
lishment of a general system of free kindergartens,
and accomplish for the children of New York city a
work similar to that done by the Sub-Primary Asso-
ciation of Philadelphia, or the kindergartens of Bos-
ton and St. Louis. Believing that in the principles
of the kindergarten are laid the foundations of
thorough manual training, the Association recognizes
it as the first step in the ascending scale of industrial
education, and gives hearty sanction to the resolution
adopted by the National Teachers' Association at Sara-
toga last summer, which expressed the hope that 'the
time is near at hand when public sentiment and legis-
lative enactment will incorporate the kindergarten
into our public school system.' Until then such
schools must be sustained by private enterprise."


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. III. No. B. CINCINNATI, AUGUST, 1886. Price, Ю Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO- home with heron condition that she brought it buck
CIATION. the following week. It was interesting at times to see the older girls passing by the books supposed to
The work of the Kitchen Garden for the present be suitable to their years. and seizing eagerly the old
season closed the first Saturday in June. As a very time honored favorites, Red Riding Hood, Cinderella,
pleasant picnic excursion had been enjoyed on Easter Beauty and the Beast. etc. The dolls always proved
Saturday, it was decided to omit the one which has popular, and in order to divide the enjoymeut as
usually followed the close of the school. equally as possible, the different ones were allowed to
No particular effort in the way of an exhibition or take turns in holding the miniature babes, while
closing exercises was made. The general morning stories were read or songs sung.
exercises were somewhat prolonged; and, although The rooms were-opened this summer the second
no reward nor inducement of any kind had been Wednesday in July.
offered beforehand, a number of books were given to Several new girls have already been brought in by
those girls who had not been absent a single Satur- the children. They will probably enter the school in
day during the entire year. Several of the classes the fall.
devoted part of the morning to packing away various No change will be made " in the location of the
articles that would not be needed during the summer. Kitchen Garden, No. 97 East Third street,during the
Cake was served in addition to the usual luncheon, cioning season. It is hoped that the South Kinder-
und flowers distributed at the close of the morning. garten will also retain its present quarters, as the two
With these few exceptions the school went on as organizations have worked very harmoniously in the
usual. same building during the past two years. One of the
Since the close of the school several of the young kind-hearted and wealthy ladies of Cincinnati, Mrs.
girls have obtained places in families for the summer, John Gibson, has recently offered to take entire
which. thus far, they seem to be satisfactorily filling- charge of the support of the South Kindergarten
A note just received from one of them says: "I like during the coming year, thus relieving the Free Rin-
the place very well, and they are very kind to me. dergarten Association of a largo share of its financial
Miss F. is making nie a lawn skirt. I will come to responsibilities.
the Kitchen Garden about half-past four next Wednes- The Kitchen Garden begins regular work again. the
day." first Saturday in October.
The girls have all been invited to meet at the It is hoped to make cooking a very successful de-
Kitchen Garden rooms on Wednesday afternoons, pertinent of the school. Miss Emma Dodge, oí New
during the summer, simply to have a pleasant social York, a graduate of the Boston Cooking School, will
time. No work will be carried on. have charge of the cooking classes.
The experiment was tried last summer, and it was *' ™ 1 *
found thai the children enjoyed very much the priv- FACTS AND SUGGESTIONS ABOUT FUEL,
ilege of the coming to the large, pleasant rooms one STOVES, ABATES AND FIRE BUILDING.
afternoon in the week, bringing with them little
brothers and sisters, or friends. No effort at a regu-
lar vacation school was made, but the children were
furnished with books, pictures, scrap-books, a few Household economy is one of the most important
dolls, etc., songs were sung, games played, and a little departments of knowledge, because on it largely de-
work done in the very primitive garden attached to pends the financial, physical and moral welfare of the
tho house. Each one was allowed to take a book people. And by household economy we do not mean
PREPARED FOR AND USED IN THE COURSE OF THE
CLEVELAND DOMESTIC TRAINING SCHOOL.


34
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
parsimony, the stinting of comforts and even of neces-
e:iries for tbe mere sake of "putting by" money.
That is not the true science of household manage-
ment. It means the judicious use of the materials at
hand so that nothing is wasted, and the maximum of
usefulness and comfort with the minimum of expense
attained. A household managed by a woman who
knows how to use every thing to the best advantage is
often able to live far more comfortably on a small in-
come than one spending thrico the income without
proper knowledge.
The trouble with a large proportion of households
is that the women who manage them lack the knowl-
edge they should possess. They should know not
only how to do a thing in the best way but also why
that way is tho best. How many do? They depend
on their hired help for that knowledge, and their days
are spent in a wearying search for that "competent
help " that is rarely found. The "girl " knows little
more than her mistress the "how," and is likely to
know still less.the "why." Neither has had the
proper instruction.
There is a movement now in the right direction.
"Whilst manual training schools and technical schools
for boys are being established in all directions, do-
mestic training schools and cooking schools for girls
are springing up in which the elements of domestic
economy and household management are practically
taught.
The following is the first of a series of lessons used
in the'• Domestic Training School," which has been
held in the parlors of the Unity church during the
past year. The lessons have been carefully prepared
by the young ladies in charge, from the best available
authorities. They wish to acknowledge their indebt-
edness to the practical housekeepers who have kindly
advised them, and among other books, to Mrs. Har-
riet J. Willard's " Primers of Domestic Science," and
to the Kitchen Garden, a paper published in Cin-
cinnati.
While the lessons may seem to go very much into
detail, it must be remembered that tho children taught
come from the poorest homes in the city, and are ig-
norant of even the names of the most ordinary appli-
ances of comfortable homes. Tho object of the school
is not only to better the condition of their homes, but
to train these girls so that they may make good ser-
vants.
The school meets every Saturday morning, and
visitors are always welcomed. The young ladies will
be very grateful for suggestions or criticisms which
will teud to tho improvement of these lessons.
FIRES AND FIRE BUILDING.
It is of the greatest importance to know how to
build and manage the fires of a house. More money
is wasted, more food spoiled and more comfort lost by
ignorance and carelessness in this department than in
any other of the house.
Wood, hard and soft coal, charcoal and coke are all
used for fuel.
1. Wood—Sj)eak of its sources, of forests. Explain
the growth of trees, tbe kinds of wood and their differ-
ent uses: i. e., chestnut and oak for ships. white maple
for cooking utensils, pine for boxes and indoor house
trimming, etc.
Both hard and soft woods are used for fuel. Soft
woods burn with a quicker flame and more intense
heat and produce more flame and smoke; they are
therefore better to make a quick, fierce fire. Hard
woods burn more slowlj-, with less heat, flame and
smoke, but produce harder coals, which retain the
heat, and are better for long continued cooking opera-
tions.
Until about two hundred years ago wood was ex-
clusively used for fuel, and is now so used in country
districts. In cities coal is generally so much cheaper
that it is used almost altogether. Wood is always
used for kindlings. Wood is also sometimes used in
open fireplaces, because of its pleasant blaze.
2. Coal—Explain its formation. (There is a short
and simple account of this in Miss Arabella Buckley's
"Fairy Land of Science," pages 171-192).
When coal as a fuel was firstintroduced in England
there was great. opposition to its use. Many people
were afraid to eat what was cooked over it.
There are two kinds of coal—hard and soft.
Hard, or anthracite coal, is found deepest in tbe
ground, and is older than soft coal. It is slow to kin-
dle, but burns with an intense but steady volume of
heat, and with little or no smoke, making it exceed-
ingly valuable for cooking purposes.
Soft, or bituminous coal, kindles quickly and makes
a very hot fire; but it burns out quickly, makes much
smoke and dirt and is very destructive to stoves; so
that, although it does not'cost so much as hard coal
to begin with, in tho end it is really no cheaper.
3. Charcoal is wood which has been slowly burned
in covered pits or furnaces where but little air can
reach it. It burns easily and quickly, with little or
no flame and no smoke. A pound of charcoal will
give more heat than a pound of any other fuel. It is
useful for starting fires in furnaces and base burners.
3. Coke—Coke is what is left of coal from which
illuminating gas has been made. It is a cheap fuel,


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
35
giving a heat which lasts but a short time, useful
therefore for broiling and such kinds of cooking as do
not require long sustained heat.
How to build a fire in a cooking stove:
Get your muterials ready the day before. Do not
, waituntil afterdark to prepare yourkindlings,for then
you will havo to take a light into the cellar or shed,
which should never be done. (Explain w"hy).
Have your kindlings all split and laid near the
stove that they may be dry. The coal hods must be
filled with coal, the paper or shavings just at hand.
It is a good plan to have a box or basket to put
waste paper in, such as advertisements, wrapping
paper, etc., then you will usually have paper at band
for starting your fire. Coarse, brown papers are not
good, but can be used with others. Old newspapers
are best. If shavings can be easily procured they
may be used in place of paper.
Kindlings are prepared from pine or other soft
wood. They are better if cut into quîte short pieces,
with part split fine and the rest left in large pieces.
Kindlings should be prepared when you have a little
leisure. Have a basket espeeially kept to earrythem
in and take care that it is never empty; then if you
should need to start a fire unexpectedly you will be
ready to do it promptly. Many more kindlings are
needed to ignite hard coal th'an soft. Hard wood,
sawed short and split fine, is very useful to start a
bard coal fire.
We will suppose that all is now ready and that you
are to build thefire in the cooking stove. First, close
all the dampers; shut the doors of the stove £nd put
all the covers in place; then with the shaker turn the
grate. Then take up the ashes, being careful not to
raise a dust. When all is clear and clean place in the
firebox, papers crumbled in loose bulk,' until it is
nearly half full. Next put on kindlings, the smallest
first, being careful to lay them crossed in such a way
that the air can pass between them, sprinkle a little
coal over the top, open all the dampers and start the
fire by a lighted piece of paper held under the grate.
If it does not kindle all through, at once try a larger
piece of paper. If smoke puffs out from damper and
doors, you may know that in laying the materials you
have packed them too close, or that the dampers are
not properly arranged. Remember that fire needs
air to burn just as much as you need air to breathe.
If you have followed these directions carefully, and
if your materials are in good condition, your fire
should burn well at the first lighting. When the pa-
pers are burned and the fire sinks down, a little more
coal may be added. As soon as the fire is well started
close the back damper.
Never wait until the fire is very low before adding
coal. Put it on often, a little at a time, while the fire
is still bright, never enough to cover and blacken it
and thus make it useless for some time, but just
enough to keep up an even degree of heat. In this
way you save much time and fuel. The fire can be
replenished even while bread is baking or any cook-
ing is going o.n, without making a change in the
heat.
Never lift a heavy coal hod to put in coal, but take
a shovel. If you lift the hod you will be likely to put
in too much.
Be careful never to allow the firebox to become en-
tirely filled with coal and cinders; the coal burning
against the top of the stove will warp and crack the
covers and seriously injure the stove. Besides, close
packing stops the air from passing through the fire,
and really deadens it. There should be about a
hand's breadth of space between the fire and the
covers.
Never allow a stove to become red hot.
It is sometimes difficult to regulate the heat in a
cooking stove. Should the covers get red hot and
continue so after the dampers are all closed, the heat
may be reduced by sotting one cover aside; or two
covers may be partially removed without danger of
smoke, ifcthe coal is burning well.
To heat the oven after a day's fire is sometimes
very difficult. In such cases it is best to shake and
clear the grate, in part, and put on kindlings and
boild a new fire. A fire which is in part exhausted
will not produce beat enough to extend under the
oven. It is sometimes necessary to clear the grate
entirely, but generally it is sufficient to shake the
grate and pick out cinders and any dead coals till the
air can get through and kindle the new fire.
If hard coal is used the ashes should be sifted, the
clinkers picked out (explain clinkers) and the cinders
saved to burn again; when mixed with a little fresh
coal they will born well, and for all the purposes ex-
cept baking they are quite as good as coal.
Sometimes soft coal is used in cooking stoves or
ranges during the summer, as the fire is easily started
and goes down readily, and is therefore not quite so
heating.
If the fire does not burn well see that the stove is
free from soot, for if that is not carefully attended to
you will have trouble. There are places under and
about all these stoves that can be reached with a
scraper and should be well cleaned. Wipe off the top
of the stove with an old cloth or brush every day. If
the stove is. greasy wash it off with a piece of flanucl
[Concluded on page 37.]


36 . THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws. President, I Miss Ida Doane. Secretary.
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, V.-P't, I Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Trene.
ff*$"Subncri/>tinn price. fifty cenia per annum.- Addrem, The
Kitchen Garden, P. O. Box, 158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered ns second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, AUGUST, 1886.
With the next number the present volume of the
Kitchen Garden comes to a close.
We are grateful to the many friends who have sent
us items of interest and information.
Words of encouragement have been received from
many as to the good work the Kitchen Garden is
doing. It has been suggestive and helpful to many,
and has been sent wherever there seemed a possibility
of doing any good. «
We should be srlad. however, to make it more of a
financial success than it is at present.
If those who are interested in ils welfare will only
make a little effort during the coming year toward
obtaining new subscribers there is no reason why it
should not be at least self-supporting.
Wo shall take it for granted that our present sub-
scribers wish to renew their subscriptions for the
coming year unless word is sent to the contrary.
THE CAKE OF KITCHEN UTENSILS.
"Ironware should be washed. outside and inside, in
hot, soapy water, rinsed in clean hot water, and wiped
dry, not with the dishcloth, but with a dry towel.
Dripping pans, Scotch bowls and other greasy dishes
should be scraped and wiped with soft paper, which
will absorb the grease. The paper will be found
useful in kindling the fire, and is a great saving of
water, which is sometimes an object. A tablespoonful
of sod;i added to the water will facilitate the cleaning.
Tins should be washed in clean, hot soapy water.
Rub frequently with mineral soap, and they may be
kept as bright as when now. Saucepans, and other
tin or granite dishes, browned by use, may be cleaned
by letting them remain half an hour in boiling
soda water, then rubbing will) a wire disheloth or
stiff brush.
A new tin coffee-pot, if never washed on the inside
with soap, may be kept much sweeter. Wash the
outside, and rinse the inside thoroughly with clear
water. Then put it on the stove to dry, and when
dry rub the inside well with a clean, dry cloth. All
the brown sediment may be wiped off in that way,
but a soapy dishcloth should never be put inside.
Keep agranite pan near the sink to use in washing
vegetables, and use the hand b:isin only for its legiti-
mate purpose. Pare vegetables into a pan and not
into the sink. A strainer, or any old quart tin pan,
with small holes in the bottom, is a great help in
keeping a sink clean. Pour the coffee and tea
grounds, the dish water, and everything that is
turned into the sink, through the strainer first, and
then empty the contents of the strainer into the
refuse pail.
Never use a ragged or linty dishcloth. The lint
collects round the sink spout and often causes a seri-
ous obstruction.
A dish mop is best for cups and cleanest dishes,
but a strong linen cloth should be used for every-
thing requiring hard rubbing. Wash the sink thor-
oughly. flush the drain pipe often with hot suds or
soda water, wipe dry and rub with a greased cloth or
with kerosene'to prevent its rusting.
Cremation is the most satisfactory way of disposing
of kitchen refuse, both as a matter of convenience and
for sanitary reasons. But if there must be other dis-
position made of it, keep two pails and use them
alternately, cleansing each as soon as emptied.
Wash dish towels in cold water, with plenty of
soap, and rinse thoroughly in cold water every time
they are used. If left to dry without washing they
will be sticky to handle and have a disagreeable
odor. If dishes be well washed, rinsed and drained
the dish towels will require no rubbing. It is easier
to take care of three or four which have never been
left to become grimy than to wash one after it is
stained and saturated with grease. Towels used in
this way may be kept sweet and clean without boil-
ing or drying in the sun. This method has been
proved by years of trial. With a little care in ob-
serving these hi i) ts and always using clean, hot soapy
water (and not a liquid fit only for the swill cart),
changing it as soon as greasy, dish-washing would be
robbed of half its terrors. And after the work is
done, if the hands are carefully washed with Castile
(or Ivory) soap and wiped dry, no unpleasant effect
upon the skin will be felt. Some use a little vinegar
to counteract the effect of the alkali in the soap.


38
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
the reach of young children. Fires are sometimes
caused by rats or mice gnawing matches. They are
dangerous unless kept in a safe place. Match safes
should always be well filled. Strike a match on the
match safe or on a bit of sandpaper tacked near the
match safe for that purpose. Never strike a match
on the wall. Throw the burned match into the stove
or into some safe place, never on the floor.
Never use kerosene or any oil in buïlding a fire.
It is dreadfully dangerous as well as wasteful. More
accidents with fire comes from this cause than from
all others togethor. A sufficiency of paper and kind-
lings, perfectly dry, is all that is needed to make a
fire.
CORRESPONDENCE.
PHILADELrtilA, J nne, 1886.
Since my return from Atlantic City I have endeav-
ored, through questioning. to find out something
about Kitchen Gardens. Either I applied to the
wrong people, or else a knowledge of the work is not
very generally diffused. Finally, however, I saw a
notice of a Kitchen Garden exhibition to be given
on a certain evening. I quite jumped for joy. as at
last it seemed as though I had attained what I had so
long been in search of. I went early, hoping to
learn as mach as I could of the work. A gentleman
who seemed invested with authority, very kindly in-
troduced me to Mrs. Remington, in charge of the
school, and from her I learned the following:
There have been five Kitchen Gardens in the city,
all connected with Sunday-schools, for the benefit of
Sun<lay-school children and any others who may care
to come. This winter but two have been in opera-
tion—Mrs. Remington's in the northern part and ouo
in the southern part of the city.
You may probably remember a Miss Collins who
visited oar Cincinnati Kitchen Garden some time
sin'ie. She and her sister were the originators of
this one, now in charge of Mrs. Remington, who has
assumed entire responsibility the last year. Mrs.
Remington informed me it had been their aim to
follow in the footsteps of the Cincinnati school as far
as possible.
They teach every Saturday afternoon from one
until four o'clock, in classes of twenty-four, having
forty names enrolled. There are three teachers and
a musician, besides the director. The school is self-
supporting. At the end of the year they give an ex-
hibition, the receipts of which, 1 understood her to
say, covered the next year's expenses. They had
given their exhibition this year, and it was such a
Ruecess that they had been invited to repeat it several
times for the' benefit of different objects. This one
was the third and last, and was given, as you see by
the programme, in a church on corner of Broad and
Spruce streets. I could not talk with Mrs. Reming-
ton long, but I imagine they work only with toys. I
promised, however, to visit the school next winter,
when I shall have a better opportunity of learning of
their system.
The exhibition was certainly very creditable. On
each side of the basiu for baptism, for this was a
Baptist church, doors opened on the platform, which
had to be extended to make it sufficiently large to
accommodate the twenty-lour little girls, who, in
their dainty white caps and aprons, gave the audience
a good idea of their Kitchen Garden exercises. I
suppose they ranged in age from nine to thirteen
years. When they marched on the platform to
music, for every thing was done to music, which, by
the way, was light and graceful, they divided, twelve
coming from each side. Two large tables, with poles
and clothes lines hung, accommodated each twelve
chairs.
The wood lesson consisted chiefly in questions put
by the teacher and answered by the children.
The breakfast table setting and clearing'was well
and quickly done, interspersed with song and ques-
tions. They then marched out and came in with
their dish pans resting on their heads. During the
song, "Washing Dishes," they practically demon-
strated what they sang, the piano repeating the re-
frain, thus giving them more time between each
verse. The waitress exercise was very pretty. The
little waitresses all fronted the audience with their
late tables serving as trays, and sang an appropriate
song to an air from "Patience." In the sweeping
lesson questions were asked about things necessary
for sweeping, etc., and how to clean a room properly.
The washing lesson was excellent. They came in
with their bags, assorted the clothing, sang and an-
swered questions, then went out for their tubs and
washboards and returned, singing all through the
imaginary washing, rinsing and starching. The
clothes were rapidly hung on the littlo lines, and it
really made a very pretty picture when completed.
They then took out their washing apparatus, and on
returning folded and returned the pieces, which were
then supposed to have dried, to their bags. This
last and the table setting were the gems of the even-
ing. At the close of the exhibition the minister made
a few remarks in favor of Kitchen Gardens and begged
that the ladies of the church might be so interested
that they would start one next autumn in connection


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
39
with their own Sabbath-school. This being such a
city of charities, I am surprised that there is no
Kitchen Garden independent of churches; probably
there will be in time. M. E. W.
VACATION SCHOOLS IN BOSTON.
"It was a public school teacher, Miss Very, who
first appreciated this need of stay-at-home children.
She was one of the many teachers to whom the city
children owe so much ; a teacher to whom a vacation
is as great a boon as to the idlest or hardest worked
school boy or school girl of you all. She, too, might
have gone into the country to find a shady place to
rest in, under an apple tree, perhaps with a novel in
her hand. But instead, she set herself to planning
something for the children of Boston who are cooped
up in the narrow streets.
They have not even an airy school-room to go to of
a hot summer day, nothing but a close attic or a
sunny sidewalk for their summer mornings and after-
noons, glad even to stay out in the narrow streets,
full of smells and noises, through the hot evenings,
rather than go to the crowded rooms of their homes.
Their teachers know well what their " homes " are,
and they know, as Miss Very knew, that in compari-
son with them, the school-room is an airy palace.
She, as well as the other teachers of Boston, have
long been conscious of the influence for good which
they are spreading from the school-room.
Most people do not appreciate the moral work done
by the teacliers in the school term, quite apart from
any work in books and lessons. The " course of
study" is changed from year to year, and we hope it
is improving. because, gradually, more attention is
given to the kind of instruction needed by the chil-
dren. But, after all, it is their daily intercourse with
refined and conscientious teachers which really edu-
cates the children, and is of far more consequence
than any technical system pursued.
Eight or ten years ago, the Rev. Mr. Franks, min-
ister of the Church of the Good Shepherd, in Boston,
advertised for young lady volunteers to assist in a
summer school tor the benefit of the poor children in
bis parish. The school was to be held in the chapel
on Cortes street, and Mr. Franks' plan was to divide
the work between several young ladies, two serving
each week. This advertisement met the eye of Miss
Very, among others, then a teacher in the Hillside
Grammar School for girls, at Jamaica Plain. Miss
Very was young, enthusiastic, and a genuine lover of
children, especially interested in the poorer classes.
She volunteered at once, and prepared to enter upon
her labors. But Mr. Franks was called away to Eu-
rope before the time came tor opening the school, s0
his plan fell through. But the idea of such a school
remained firmly fixed in Miss Very's mind, and the
more she thought of it, the more anxious she became
that such a school should be established.
At last she determined to try the experiment her-
self, unaided by either money or allies, and she gath-
ered forty-eight of these school children about her in
'the little chapel of the Evangelist in North Charles
street. and had her little summer school, supplement-
ing her work as a public school teacher by this work,
to which she gave her time, her money, and, most
valuable of all, herself The experiment was success-
ful, and showed that the need for such a"echool''
existed. The next year there was no school. Miss
Very found it too difficult a matter to carry on such
an undertaking unaided. During the year she met,
as visitor of the assistant charities, Mrs/ James
Brown.
She laid her plans before this lady, who at once
entered into them with enthusiasm, and by her efforts
made it possible for a school to be held during the
summer that followed, the summer of 1880. The city
gave the use of the Anderson street school-house, and
the second Monday of the long vacation was inaugu-
rated with an astonishingly large number of pupils,
both boys and girls, from three to fifteen.
That was the first season of the first of the vacation
schools of Boston. During that session, two hundred
and eighty-five names were registered, and there was
an average attendance of sixty.
Miss Very was the principal teacher, and she had
an assistant teacher, and a sewing teacher to share
her labors. In 1881, there were four hundred and
eighty-five names entered, with an average attend-
ance of ninety. The '; Kitchen Garden " was added
that year through the generosity of Mrs. Hemenway.
Miss Piper was the teacher of that'department. The
next year. pupils of every age were admitted to the
school.
The success of this school at the " West End,''
served to inspire the establishment of similar schools
at the other "ends" of the town, where the most
crowded and the poorest population congregate.
Mrs. James Lodge opened a vacation school on
Parmenter street, in the Cushman School Building
(named for Charlotte Cushman, who was born in that
neighborhood), and with an efficient corps of teachers
she has done for the north end what the Anderson
street school has been doing for the west end.
During the last year, this school has been merged
in that of the Industrial Home in the same neighbor-


40
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
hood, where- the various departments of Kitchen Gar-
den, Kindergarten, and carpenters' classes are suc-
cessfully " carried on."
The South End school was starled four years ago
under the inspiration of Airs. James Brown, who gave
hearty support to Miss Very in the beginning of her
undertaking and alterward. A committee of ladies
was formed from four Unitarian churches at tho
south end. This committee took the supervision of
tue school, raised funds for its support, and gained
from the school committee permission to use one of
the school-houses vacant in summer.
When this school was first opened in Groton street,
the committee could form no idea of the number of
children who would come, or the number of teachers
who would bo required.
It was a hot morning in July, when the committee
and teachers assembled at the school-house- and found
a crowd of children waiting to be let in—over three
hundred presented themselves! The number of
teachers was increased, but each class was necessarily
a large one. Seventy, perhaps in one room, children
of various ages, with faces beaming as if they were a^
a circus, instead of in a school room.
One of the committee writes that an important les-
son was learned by the summer's work; that the
hearts of these children were most easily reached
through their hands. If something was given them
to do, they listened with respectful and attentive
manner, but with idle hands they are restless, dissat-
isfied, rebellious.
Sewing, reading. drawing on blackboard, carpen-
tering, etc, have filled up the time. Indeed, it was
found that their interest was excited in merely hear-
ing a story read to them. The simplest of stories
seemed to attract their attention.
In the summer of 1885, this school opened with two
hundred and sixty pupils, of which two hundred were
boys. Every day some were sent away, and still they
came, so that one wondered where they all came from.
Eight rooms were opened. One of the loveliest sights
was that of the filly-six little children in the Kinder-
garten, from throe years of age up. having a happy
time, such as they never before could have dreamed
of, under the charge of tho girlish young teacher
scarcely taller than the oldest child among them.—
St. Nicholas, April, 188U.
The lady managers of the Cincinnati Orphan
Asylum, on Mt. Auburn, are planning to begin
Kitchen Garden classes in the asylum, in September.
Among the very first pupils of the Cincinnati Kitchen
Garden, was a number of little girls sent from the
orphan asylum. The members of the Kitchen Garden
Association are therefore particularly interested in
this work, and wish it every success.
Donations of books, pictures. dolls- etc., will be very
gratef'ully received at the Kitchen Garden rooms, No.
'M East Third street, any Wednesday afternoon from
three until six o'clock.
We wisfi to acknowledge gratefully. donations to
the Kitchen Garden fund which have been received
during the past two months from Mr. D. K. Harvey,
Mrs. Albert Netter, Miss Clara B. Fletcher and Miss
Elizabeth S. Laws.
"The cooking school of the North Bennet Indus-
trial School of Boston has been organized this year on
a wholly new basis. It has been fitted up in such a
manner that each pupil has a separate gas stove and
cupboard for utensils, similar to those now in use in
tho Tennyson street school-house. Each pupil is re-
sponsible for her own utensils, and works out her
own recipes, which include among other things the
making of nourishing soups, well-flavored stews, and
good bread; learning, in short, by actual practice,
how to prepare any material she may have. to the
best advantage. Lessons in general housework, in
judicious marketing and in the simple chemistry of
cooking are given. The nutritive value of different
articles of food is to be illustrated by means of graphic
charts and a small museum of specimens prepared
under the direction of Mrs. Richards, of the Institute
of Technology. There are in this department nine
classes weekly of fifteen pupils each from the public
schools, and it is hoped soon to add a class of women."
Lend a Hand.
The Ladies' Department of the coming Latonia
Fair will be under the exclusive management of the
Women's Industrial Union of Covington, and compe-
tition will be confined to women and girls only, who
are amateurs, except for amateur photography, which
class will be open to young men also.
No entry fee will be charged on work exhibited for
competition, and sales of work may be made to bo
delivered at the close of the fair.
Communications should be addressed to Mrs. E. B.
Dietrikk, President of Women's Union, or Miss
McKee, Secretary, Covington, Ky.
Miss Grover, of Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga.,
is making preparations to organize Kitchen Garden
and Household Training Classes in the fall.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. III. No. 6. CINCINNATI, OCTOBER, 1886. Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO- enjoyed by the children. A very acceptable package
CIATION. of books was received from Robert Clarke & Co. The
— gift was very much appreciated.
The pleasant vacation afternoons in the Kitchen Several pleasant letters were received from some of
Garden rooms came to an end with the beginning of the Iittlo girls who had taken places for the summer.
September. The days flew by so quickly that school The following extract is from a letter written by a
time seemed to return before vacation time was fairly lady who had taken one of the young girls to her
underway. The large, pleasant, airy rooms furnished country home to fill the place temporarily of a girl
a delightful resort during the warm summer days. who was taking a short vacation. The letter is en-
Sometimes the little chairs were carried into the couraging and at the same time suggestive:
yard, or gardon, as we liked better to call it; and "Augdst95 1886
often many of the little fingers were kept busily . , , , ... .-[
J ь , • , i "We have had a very pleasant time with Mary,
employed with sewing, knitting, or crocheting while . , , . , . . , ,
? J e,, ы e wno 1s vel-y happy and attentive, and is quick about
stories were read. ho work, however, was made , , >лс ■. . . .
'her work. Of course, the practice is different from
compulsory. the tueorV, but i tnink sne sees ll0W t0 pUt theory
During the last few afternoons the experiment was . , ,. та, , , , . . .
ь v into practic. We have labored under the disad-
made of inviting in a number of boys who were 1 in- . , , . „ _ _ ,
6 J vantage of not having a regular cook. Mary made
gering in the vicinity, trying to peep in through .. , „ ... , j^uj
» » J' J * r 1 ö ne a nioe dish of scrambled eggs one day, and watched
doors and windows, and wondering what sort of a , , ,. , . T , , .
'ь to see how various dishes were prepared. I have had
good time those girls were having. It was mildly ^ M„ ber ^ ^ tfae bed8 t-
suggested, at the time the invitation was given, that
"clean hands and faces" would be one of the first
they were not quite straight, but that is what we
have to do with older girls, who do not take it so
requisites for admittance. An immediate scamper- . . лг , •,, T , ,, . ..
4 1 nicely as Mary does. . . . May I suggest that it
ing was the result, and, after the lapse of a few mo- mi h(. be w<jU sometimes tQ t a dM I0 ш i„
ments, from fifteen to twenty boys appeared on the ^ ^ ^ Qm q( ш gheets?
scene of action with relatively clean hands and faces, -,T c T , . . « ..
."'.„,, "I fear I have not given you the information you
and most decided "high water marks." A scene of . , . , , , ,
ь want, but I hardly know how to answer your ques-
action, in truth, the rooms soon became. So much .
so that, at the end of the afternoon, the conclusion ,.T , . u • xr , .
''"I have enjoyed having Mary very much, and
was reached that the experiment was not a very sue- , ,, . . . . , , • QU . . . _ ..
r 'shall be glad to have her again. She has just writ-
cessful one, and that, as the time was growing short
ten a letter home this evening, to say that she will
it might be as well to defer missionary work among тцrn ^ thQ ci од Mond s0 ^ ^ be ready fol.
the boys until a more propitious occasion. To the sM Qn Wednesd Very sincerely, A. A. W."
surprise of all, however, these same boys re-appeared
the following Wednesday, and were so improved in The Kitchen Garden will re-open tho last Wednes-
manner and appearance, entered so pleasantly into day in September, in order that the school may be
tho songs and games, seemed to enjoy the story books organized, so that regular classes may begin lessons
so much, and were so little trouble in every way, that the first Saturday in October. The cooking depart-
it was decided to permit the boys to come until the ment will be in charge of Miss Dodge, of New York,
end of vacation time. a graduate of the Boston Cooking School.
The few storybooks in the Kitchen Garden library An effort will bo made this winter to increase the
were read and re-read, and seemed to be thoroughly number of older girls in tho school.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
43
and omnipotent, which each atom exerts on the whole
body, for weal or for woe, in the present and in the
future.
An atmosphere of love is thus breathed through
the little society of the Kindergarten, under which all
the sweetness and graciousness of the true human na-
ture, the nature of the Christ in us, open and ripen in
beauty and fragrance.
To teach children really to love one another, to
cherish kindly, generous, unselfish dispositions toward
each other, and to act upon those dispositions, is to
write the whole code of conduct in the heart. And,
plainly, this is not a matter for mere precept. It is
not to be effected by the most eloquent exhortations
of Sunday-school teachers or of pastors. It is a spirit
to be breathed within the very souls of the little ones
in their tenderest years, from an atmosphere charged
with lovingness. The Kindergarten is only a vicari-
ous mothering for those whose homes lack this divine
nurturing, a brooding over the void of unformed
manhood and womanhood by a loving woman, bring-
ing order out of chaos, and smiling to see it " very
good."
I have thus touched lightly upon certain aspects of
the Kindergarten which relato this beautiful child-
garden directly to the great problem of the preven-
tion of crime. The gist of the whole matter lies in
the one word with which 1 opened. Education is the
real preventive of crime, and education lays its true
foundation in the Kindergarten. The state would find
it a cheap investment to found free kindergartens as
a pre-primary department of our public school sys-
tem. What it would spend there, it would save in
our prisons. Bev. R. Heber Newton, D. D.
"In Jamestown, New York, sewing and other indus-
tries are taught in every grade of public school, and
girls on leaving, not only knit, crochet and embroider
—instruction in all of which is a part of their regular
course—but they cut and make garments, cook five
kinds of bread, also cake enough to create dyspepsia,
make a variety of soups, stew, roast and broil, and
deal with cheap pieces of meat so as to make them
nourishing and palatable.
Besides all this the printing office is for girls as
well as boys, and in any or every branch of printing
they may prepare themselves for self-support if they
will.
As a most encouraging sign of the advance in sen-
timent along this line wc find the new college for
women in Columbus, Mississippi—a state college aim-
ing to educate in the best manner the best classes of
southern girls—far in advance in the handiwork plaD.
This college, which opened this last autumn with be-
tween three and four hundred pupils, provides in its
new building facilities for the study of telegraphy,
printing and various other industries, so that no girl
need leave the institution unprepared to undertake
her own support.
Experiments in Kitchen Gardens are opening the
eyes and training the hands of multitudes of little
girls in the details of domestic service, and new in-
dustrial education societies are moving upon the
question from all sides and are already far in advance
in theory of any opportunity that they can secure for
practice. When educational authorities learn that
any system is a failuro which does not properly pro-
vide for the sure and swift-coming future of the child,
the true teacher may perhaps find access to the real
nature and the whole nature of the pupil and be ablo
to apportion properly the training for heart and head,
and hand. It is for us who already see the need to
do much to hasten the day.
"Lend a Hand."
Mr. James MacAllisteR, Superintendent of the
Public Schools of Philadelphia, says: "In Philadel-
phia we have 25,000 girls who are being instructed in
sewing, and co-ordinate with the high school is the
manual training schools where our boys go to be
fitted to overcome the difficulties that may come into
their lives as ' breadwinners.' At the bottom of the
whole system we have twenty-eight free Kindergar-
tens, costing $24,000 per annum, paid by public and
private donations; §60,000 a year is spent by Phila-
delphia in the education of her school children. The
philosophy of whatever you teach is that it must be
something you can put your mind into, and out of
which you can get something. When we can teach
sewing,modeling in clay,blacksmithing, carpentering,
etc., so that they can bo practically applied, we have
succeeded in this. I have seen boys take fire and
wake up under this training as they never before had
done, and while some boys will take tire by being
taught Latin and Greek, there is a great class of
minds that can be reached best through the mechan-
ical faculties. Manual training is mental training,
perhaps, even more than in the old way."
"You know that to give alms is nothing unless you
give thoughts also; and that therefore it is written
not 'blessed is he that giveth to the poor,' but
'blessed is he that considereth the poor.' And you
know that a little thought and a little kindness are
often worth more Iban a great deal of money."—
Buskin.


44
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President, | Miss Ida Doane. Secretary.
Mrs. N. A. Jeppkas, V.-P't, I Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Treae.
t£g" Subscription price, fifly cents per annum. Address, Тhe
Kitchen Gakden, P. 0. Box, 158, Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-offlec, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, OCTOBER, 1886.
With this number of the Kitchen Garden, Vol-
ume III. is complete.
We must beg our readers to make allowance for
some slight irregularities in regard to the time of
issuing the different numbers. We hope, however,
that none have failed to reach safely their destina-
tion. If any one has not received the full set of six
numbers, and will notify us to that effect, we will
gladly supply the missing numbers.
Please send us your subscriptions as soon as pos-
sible.
We shall continue sending to those who do not
notify us that they wish to discontinue their sub-
scriptions.
The interesting series of lessons on household
work, in use in the Cleveland Domestic Training
School, begun in our last number, will be continued
in the numbers of the coming volume.
With tho hope that any shortcomings or defects
in the work of tho present year will be over-
looked, and that our readers will recognize enough
of the spirit of earnestness and desire on our part to
accomplish as much good as possible in our humble
way to warrant them in extending a helping hand to
our enterprise, we will take our leave for the present
year, hoping ere long to greet them again with re-
newed inspiration, and to interest them with further
accounts of all that is taking place in this great field
of domestic economy.
THE SOCIETY FOR INSTRUCTION IN FIRST
AID TO THE INJURED.
The idea of disseminating among all classes of so-
ciety, by means of popular lectures, general informa-
tion as to the preliminary treatment of the sick and
injured, originated with the St. John Ambulance
Association, which was organized in London in
1877. The success achieved by the English Asso-
ciation led the State Charities Aid Association of
New York, in January 1882, to appoint a com-
mittee under the chairmanship of General George
B. McClellan, to establish courses of lectures on
"First Aid to tho Injured." The movement thus
inaugurated in this country was cordially re-
ceived, and the numerous classes that were formed
were largely attended. So rapid was the growth of
the work undertaken by the committee, and so gen-
eral the demand for instruction, as to necessitate a
more complete organization, and, accordingly, in
February, 1883, the committee organized as "The
Society for Instruction in First Aid to the Injured."
The object of the Society may be briefly stated as
follows: It is not to rival, but to aid the physician
or surgeon, and the instruction given by the Society
is intended to do no more than qualify the pupil to
adopt such remedial measures as may be advantageous
pending the doctor's arrival, and to afford some
knowledge of nursing and the laws of health.
It teaches what is to be done in emergencies, when
there are no proper appliances at hand ; when a splint,
or bandage, or tourniquet must be extemporized;
when we must either do something instantly, or stand
helplessly by and see a man suffer the agony of a
broken limb, or suffocate, or bleed to death because
we do not know how to help him. When the pres-
sure of a finger, properly applied for a few minutes,
might save a man's life, he is allowed to die, because
nobody happens to be near who knows where to place
that finger.
The Society gives instruction to two kinds ot
classes: pay classes, in which each member pays the
sum of §3.00 for five lectures, which constitute a
course ; free classes for those unable to pay. A class
consists of thirty pupils of one sex. Each class re-
ceives one lecture a week, during five weeks. The
lectures occupy an hour and a half each, and each is
begun with questions on preceding lecture. The last
half hour is devoted to practical work, such as the
application of bandages and splints, restoration of the
apparently drowned or suffocated, lifting the injured.
carrying on stretchers- etc. During the week follow-
ing the last lecture, the class is examined by the


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
45
medical examiner of the Society, and certificates of
proficiency are awarded to those passing a satisfac-
tory examination.
The course consists of five lectures, of which the
following is an outline, and an examination:
Lecture I.—On the structure and more important
functions of the human body; giving, without teach-
ing names, a brief description of the bones, muscles,
veins, arteries, and points where the circulation may
be controlled by digital pressure; the pulse, respira-
tion and temperature of the child and adult; conclud-
ing with practical instruction on the use and applica-
tion of triangular bandages.
Lecture II.—On hemorrhage; the various extempo-
rary means of arresting it; tho application of the im-
provised tourniquet; the dressing of the wounds;
with practical instruction in bandaging.
Lecture III.—On the immediate treatment of the
apparently drowned or otherwise suffocated ; burns,
scalds, frozen limbs, and bites of rabid animals; the
signs of fracture, and first aid to be rendered in such
accidents, with illustration and instruction on the ap-
plication of splints and other restraining apparatus.
Lecture IV.—Fist aid to those suffering from shock
or collapse, fainting, heart-stroke, poisons; to those
stunned, to the apoplectic, inebriated, epileptic.
Lecture V.—(for men). On the improvised method
for lifting and conveying the sick or injured on
stretchers; and the conveyance by rail or cart.
Lecture V.—(for women). On nursing; warming
and ventilating the sick chamber; the use of disin-
fectants, tending and observing the sick, the use of
the thermometer, making poultices, changing sheets,
making the bed for the sick, lifting helpless patients,
and feeding the sick.
Examination.—This is as much a part of the course
of instruction as any of the lectures, and should be
attended by every pupil.
The organization of the Society is as follows:
It consists of a central body and of branches; the
Central body is composed of the officers and managers
of the Society and of representatives of the various
branches, and is located in New York city. It is the
business of this body to organize branches in the
larger towns and cities, and detached classes in
smaller places, to provide a syllabus of instruction, a
code of rules for lectures and lecturers; to issno cer-
tificates and to exercise a general supervision and con-
trol over the affairs of the Society. By this system
of organization the Society obtains that united action
which is best calculated to promote its object. and at
the same time, each branch preservesits independence,
and exercises a complete control over its own affairs,
subject only to such general regulations as are neces-
sary to secure uniformity of action. The Society is-
sues certificates to pupils passing the examination,
and also furnishes the branches with circulars con-
taining the syllabus of instruction, rules for lectures
and lecturers, rules and blank reports for superin-
tendents of classes, copies of the constitution and by-
laws, and also, at reduced rates, with the " Handbook
of Instruction in First Aid to the Injured," which has
been issued by the Society, and on similar terms, with
the necessary appliances.
Further information can be obtained at the office
of the Society, No. 21 University Place, New York
city.—John B. Pine, Chief Secretary.
CARE OF THE BEDEOOM AND HOW BEDS
SHOULD BE MADE.
SECOND LESSON IN THE COURSE OP THE CLEVELAND
DOMESTIC TRAINING SCHOOL.
AT NIGHT.
Close tho blinds, pull down the shades and light the
gas or lamp. Unless there is running water in the
room, carry away waste water, fill pitchers and bring
fresh drinking water. Take off large pillows and
shams, if used, and bedspread if desired, and lay
them carefully on a chair. Fold down the bed clothes.
Turn the gas down low before leaving the room.
IN THE MORNING.
Go to the bedroom the first thing after breakfast,
open the windows, beat Up tho pillows, and lay all
tho bedclothes to air. If the weather is very stormy
the windows must not be opened. Do not put the
bedding where it will show from the street; it looks
badly. Hang night clothes in the closet, if possible;
it is more healthful than to roll them up and put them
under the pillow.
Before beginning to make the bed carry away all
soiled clothing, towels, etc., taking care to dry carefully
all damp articles.
Empty all waste water, and after rinsing the ves-
sels wash them thoroughly with hot suds and dry
them thoroughly with cloths kept for that purpose.
Never wipe toilet sets with the soiled towels.
Take to the bedroom a pail of hot suds, and with a
sponge and cloth, wash and wipe every thing on the
washstand. In the case of a stationary washstand
especially, the bowl must be carefully washed every
morning with hot suds. or a black scum will settle on
it. Should this occur, scour the basin with borax and
water, or with sapolio, or washing soda. Do not use
sapolio with a decorated bowl.


46
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
Fill the pitchers with fresh water and place clean
towels on the rack when necessary.
While doing this work protect your dress with a
coarse apron. You are now ready to remove this,
wash your hands and begin your
BED MAKING.
Three things are necessary to a well-made bed:
it should be level, square and smooth.
To keep it level, the mattress, if made of feathers or
straw, should be thoroughly shaken up and turned
every day. Feathers should be frequently exposed
to the sun and air to keep them sweet and dry. If
the mattress is made of hair or cotton it should be
turned twice a week, once from head to foot and once
from side to side. Mattresses made in two pieces
are sо easily managed that they can be turned every
day.
To make the bed'square, fold the clothes carefully
at the corners and sides.
To make it smooth draw all the clothes,especially
the spread, very tight.
When you take the clothes off to air the bed, and
when you put them back to make it, stand at the same
side of the bed, otherwise the clothes may get turned
about.
The lower sheet should bo put on right side up,
with the wide hem at the top of the bed. Tuck it
in bmoothly betöre putting on the next sheet.
Putthe upper sheet on right side down, so that when
it is turned over the right side of the hem will be on
the outside. Allow this sheet tocome above the blank-
ets enough to turn over well.
In putting on the blankets be careful not to let them
come too near the top of the bed. When double
blankets are used the open end should be at the bead
of the bed. If the blankets are single and narrow
the upper one may be laid from side to side instead of
lengthwise.
If the bedspread is to be removed at night, fold the
sheet back over the blankets and under the spread,
which should be tucked in tight all around. When
the spread is left on the bed turn it up under the
blankets and bring the upper sheet over all, laying
it down smoothly on the outside. Tuck in the clothes
smoothly on all sides, drawing the spread tight and
making the corners square. Be careful to have the
clothes at the foot of the bed folded under the mat-
tress.
Next lay on the bolster carefully and set the pil-
lows evenly against the headboard. If shams aro
used pin them to the tops of the pillows. Do not
stick pins into the bedstead.
Last, look under the bed to see that none of the
clothes hang down in sight.
AFTER THE BED IS MADE
brush up the room, using whisk-broom and dust-pan
or carpet-sweeper. Once a week bedrooms should be
thoroughly swept, at which time the beds should be
covered.
Dust daily with a soft cloth. Eemove finger-marks
from paint or mirrors with cloths rung out in hot
water. Alcohol, used instead of water, is excellent
for cleaning mirrors. Keep the wood-work of a room
clean, especially the base-boards and all the wood
about the windows. Inside blinds require frequent
dusting and brushing.
Empty scrap baskets and hair bag. The contents
of the latter should be burned, and never allowed to
get into any of the water-pipes; it clogs them.
Put the furniture in place and arrange the curtains
and shades neatly before leaving the room.
Booms that are kept clean and cool and free from
dust will seldom be infested with bugs. Once a month
bedsteads should be well washed. If the beds are
old wash with strong brine or alum water,anduse in-
sect powder in cracks and joinings. Twice a year
put mattresses out in the sun. In February and March
examine beds often and carefully.
COBBESPONDBNCE.
Philadelphia, August 22, 1886.
Editor " Kitchen Garden:"
Having received a communication from you some
months ago, asking for further information as to our
work here, it was my intention immediately to an-
swer and give you some idea of it, but circumstances
prevented. I say "our work," for we formed a soci-
ety in February, 1885, mainly, at that time, for the
social elevation, by means of education, of a number
of poor Russian Jews, who, persecuted in their own
country, sought and obtained refuge in ours. We
commenced with the young members of the families,
and under the superintendence of our president, Miss
F. Binswanger (a trained kindergartner), a school was
established, and has been placed on a firm footing by
the energy of this young lady and assistants. We
have received all the help we need and all voluntarily.
It is surprising how many have already seen the good
intended, and come forward with financial aid. This
year, in February, wc started our Kitchen Garden,
under the superintendence of Miss A. J. Allen, and,
though we have had many drawbacks (the children
having to go to work being the main one), we


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
hot and cold water. About sixteen children a day are
bathed. When we get our model building we must
have bath rooms. The Kitchen Garden was closed the
day I visited the school. I shall stay in Detroit till
it opens in September. I am in love with Detroit,
and were it not that hand and heart find so much to
be done in Cincinnati I should remain here.
Yours sincerely, L U.S.
Plainfield, N. J., September 15, 1886.
Dear Madam: In accordance with your request I
send you a brief account of our Kitchen Garden work.
In October, 1884, Miss Mary C. McClees, of Yonkers,
visited Plainfield at the request of the W. C. T. U.,
and gave a series of lessons in Kitchen Garden work.
Twelve ladies were thoroughly instructed by her. At
the close of the lessons they organized, electing a
superintendent, secretary, and treasurer. Later an
assistant superintendent was elected.
Two classes were ibrmed, called the "Willing
Workers" and "Busy Bees"—one class meeting on
Monday, the other on Tuesday afternoon each week,
after school hours.
It is now nearly two years since wo organized.
The work has progressed, and the interest of the
children increased.
On the 15th of last April we gave an exhibition at
the Opera House, before a large audience. It was
unanimously pronounced a success. The children
were delighted at the idea of having an exhibition,
and did their part well. It was also a financial suc-
cess. At the request of the officers of our State W.
C. T. U., we intend to have another entertainment,
October 6th, 1886, during the State convention, to be
held at Plainfield. In this way we hope to interest
other unions in Kitchen Garden work, and at the
same time replenish our treasury. We have never
lacked for funds. The children are instructed free
of charge. Our classes re-opened on the 6th of this
month, after the summer vacation. Tho children
returned with bright, happy faces, full of interest,
and ready to' resume the work with renewed zeal.
There are 24 pupils in each class, and several others
have applied for admission whom we can not accom-
modate at present, the classes being full.
Wo anticipate, at once, starting a cooking school,
to teach those who graduate from the Kitchen Garden
the further important accomplishment of housekeep-
ing. We shall have a regular teacher,'who will be
thoroughly instructed by a graduate from the New
York Cooking School. This lady will, after she is
fitted for the work, receive a salary. She will also
be the regular leader of each Kitchen Garden class,
the work having increased so much that we find it
necessary to have a paid leader.
Our regular business meeting occurs on tho last
Monday in each month. As we are under the con-
trol of the W. C. T. U., we send a monthly report of
our work to the union, through our Advisory Board
(a committee of three, members of the W. C. T. U.)
Officers and teachers are fined ten cents for absence
from a business or class meeting, unless on account of
sickness or protracted absence.
We have been blessed in our work. Many kind
friends have given us substantial aid. The public
are becoming interested in the good work, and we
trust that mani7 others will be encouraged to try the
Kitchen Garden system, as the results are most satis-
factory. Very sincerely,
Ella V. Thorn, Sec.
A company has recently been formed at Gateshead,
England, with the object of supplying nutritious and
well-cooked food at such a price as to be within the
means of the very poor. It is stated to be conducted
on purely commercial principles; and, though it has
been working only a few months, it has already de-
clared a dividend of five per cent, and has extended
its operations to New Castle and Sunderland.
The business is carried on in three departments:
1. The Out-door Trade—Cooked food is supplied to
those who carry it away in their own utensils for con-
sumption at home.
2. The Penny Dining-room.—Here the diners are
supplied with basins, plates, and spoons; and the food
is consumed in the room, which is provided with ta-
bles and forms.
3. The Six-penny Dining-room.—Here an excellent
dinner of two courses is provided.
The bill of fare varies from day to day, but the fol-
lowing may bo taken as a fair sample: Plate of roast
beef, with haricot, beans and potatoes, plate of apple,
or rice pudding, Od.
The company possesses the advantage of a special
system of cooking invented by its chairman, the Rev.
W. Moore Ede, rector of Gateshead. So great is the
economy, that at the central establishment the build-
ing is heated and all the cooking done for the expend-
iture of less than Is. 6d. per day The company de-
clares itself willing to establish a branch in any place
where 250 of its £1 shares are taken up, and claims
to have solved the problem of feeding the poor with-
out pauperizing them. "Lend a Hand.''
Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, Mrs. William E.
Dodge. Mrs. Mon is K. Jesup, Mrs. Aaron J. Van-
derpoel, Mrs. Marshal O. Roberts, Mrs. Abram S.
Hewitt and several other hulies are the signers of a
petition to the Board of Education praying that cook-
ery may be added to the studies of the public schools
of New York.


THE
KITCHEN GARDEN
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL
VOL. IV
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION
1886-7





INDEX.
PAGE.
Buffalo Kitchen Garden **
Chicago Kitchen Garden, History of the — 42
Christmas Letter Mission. The 12
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association. The 1, 9, 17, 25, 33, 41
Cleveland Domestic Training School, The Cooking Class of the 28
Cooking Class of the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden, The 2, 9,17, 26, 34, 41
Correspondence—
A. B. P • 30
Barnes, Mrs. Fannie E 22
Bull, Anna P 5
C. B. H 32
Cook, Miss M. E 37
Day, Mrs 33
F. E. В 30
F. H - 30
Gould, Ellen M 22
H. С. M 30
Helraer, Elizabeth P 30
I. M. 8 " 6. 30
McClees, Mary С 15
Mead, Miss H. С . 15
Nlcsz, Jno. К 15
P.B • 3s
Pittsburgh 31
Prior, Nettle 12
Romer, Mrs. J. В 23
s. В. J 45
Townsend, Mrs. E. R 19
Woodbury, Anna L 5
Editorial 5,13, 20, 28, 37, 45
Extracts from—
American Teacher; s
Babyhood • 4s
Christian Union 12
Cleveland Plain Dealer 40
Grace A. Dodge, in "Lend a Hand" s
Mrs. Delia L. Williams, in "Women's Home Missions" 42
Science.. i s
Toledo Journal 3s
General Sweeping, Dusting, and Cleaning 6
Home Economies 47
Kerosene Lamps, Instructions as to the Care of 16
Kindergarten for the Blind at West Roxbury 46
Kindergartens 39
Kitchen and its Contents. The Proper Care of the 20
Kitchen Garden 13
New Books—
Journal of Industrial Education 4
Primers of Domestic Science 4
New York Industrial Education Association.. 38
Nursery, Instructions in the Care of the, and Answering the Door-bell 35
Sewing Schools, Anniversary Exercise for 47
Sloyd 21
Women School Trustees in New York 7





THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. IV. No. 1.
CINCINNATI, NOVEMBER, 1886.
Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GAHDEN ASSO- Lesson II.—Roasting and Broiling. Illustrations.
CIATION. Eoast Beef, Broiled Steak, Mutton Chops.
Lesson III.—Boiling. Illustrations. Cooking of
The seventh season of the Cincinnati Kitchen Gar- Eico and Potatoes.
den, still at 97 East Third street, has begun most Lesson IV.—Frying and Sauteing. Illustrations.
favorably. Over eighty girls are already enrolled in Fish Balls, Fritters.
the classes, and applications for entrance into the Lesson V.—Soups. Illustrations. Soup Stock, To-
school are made every Saturday. mato and Vermicelli Soup.
The classes, this winter, are arranged as follows: Lesson VI.—Pastry. Illustrations. Plain Paste.
Five classes, each containing from eight to ten Apple and Custard Pie.
girls, at the tables, working with the small articles or Lesson VII.—Cako. Illustrations. Orango Layer
toys. "Wiese classes are taught by Miss Emma Har- Cake, Loaf Cake, Plain Cookies.
rison,Miss Mary Anderson, Miss Alice Jeffras, Miss Lesson VIII.—Dishes for Invalids. Illustrations.
Ella Cox, and Miss Alice Laws. Oat-meal Gruel, Mutton Broth, Raw Beef Sandwiches.
Class in the largo dining-room, in charge of Miss Lesson IX.—Breakfast Dishes. Illustrations. Cof-
Clara B. Fletcher and Miss Eebecca Scarborough. fee, Cracked Wheat, Omelet, Hash, Graham Gems.
Bed-room class, in charge of Miss Elizabeth Shipley. Lesson X.—Dinner Dishes. Illustrations. Mock
Laundry: Miss Alico Goepper, Miss Griffith, Miss Bisque Soup, Crôntons, Baked Fish, Cold Slaw, Beef
Sattler, and Miss Burt. In this department, two Stew with Dumplings, Dutch Apple Cake with Lemon
teachers have charge of washing and two of ironing, Sauce.
which are carried on simultaneously in adjoining Lessons XI and XII.—Miscellaneous Dishes. To
rooms. be selected by the teacher.
Sewing is under the direction of Miss Belle Fithian,
who has also charge of the housekeeping for the school. It has been suggested that occasionally the cooking
Director of the school, Miss Annie Laws. and dining-room lessons be combined.
The teaching, with the exception of Miss Dodge, is Since the opening of the Kitchen Garden this sea-
entirely voluntary. son, donations from the following persons have been
The cooking department is under the direction of most gratefully received: Clothes and shoes from
Miss Emma E. Dodge, assisted by Miss Sallie Butler. Mrs. L. B. Harrisoo, Mrs. E. V. Cherry, Mrs .Morris
This class is at present composed of twelvo girls, all White, Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, Miss Mary Anderson, and
over twelve years of age, and all of whom, with but Miss Alice Goepper; papers and magazines from the
one exception, have had some experience in the other Mt. Auburn Periodical Club; §5.00 from Mrs. A. M.
classes. At the end of twelve lessons, this class will Dolph.
be changed, another taking its place. To Mr. Lucien Wulsin the Kitchen Garden has
The following is the menu for the first twelvo been for some time, and is still, indebted for the use
lessons: of a good piano. This instrument! was especially ap-
preciated during the summer vacation afternoons,
Programme of Cooking Lessons to be given by when it helped to brighten the hours for, and gladden
Miss Emma E. Dodge, op Boston, at the Kitchen fte hearU of litt|c waift, who cortainly
Garden, No. 97 East Third street, Saturdays, necdcd ftU tho brightness and sunshine that could be
AT 10 A. M. poured into their lives.
Lesson I.—Baking. Illustrations. Vienna Bread. A few Saturdays ago, a delightful surprise
Soup Sticks, Kaw Potato Yeast, Potato Bread. greeted the children of the Kitchen Garden as


2
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
they gathered in the morning. The school pre-
sented the appearance of a huge chrysanthemum
flower garden. Chrysanthemums of nil shades and
varieties peered at them from every available space
on table, mantel-piece, or window-sill in the various
rooms. Teachers, as well as children, left at the close
of school laden with the bright flowers, and even a
basketful of stray flowers, picked up after the prettiest
had been selected and carried away, was duly appre-
ciated by the street urchins, who seemed to spring up
as if by magic at every street corner and alloy, after
the first few had been presented, with the request,
"Pleaso, Misses, give me a flower, too?"
The Kitchen Garden is indebted to Mr. Reuben
Warder for this pleasant surprise.
THE COOKING CLASS OF THE CINCINNATI
KITCHEN GARDEN.
The cooking class is most fortunate in having for
its work a large, three-windowed front room in the
third story of the building the school occupies; sо
there is always an abundance of light and air.
Before giving a detailed account of Miss Dodge's
lessons, it may be interesting, and possibly useful, to
those undertaking similar work elsewhere, to give in
a general way some idea of tho management of the
class.
Feeling the absolute necessity of securing, so far as
possible, that cleanliness and neatness so essential in
a kitchen, we have not alone endeavored to impress
upon the childron that they must make every effort
to come to the school neatly dressed, but we have
provided them with large sack aprons, made of blue-
checked gingham, and reaching to the bottom of the
dresses, and also with white caps.
There are in tho kitchen three ordinary-sized tables.
Two of these are moved into the middle of the room,
and placed end to end to form one long one. The
other is reserved for the dish-washing.
The class is limited to twelve, as that is as large a
number as can bo conveniently placed around the
tables. Miss Dodge each Saturday selects two of the
class to wash and dry such dishes as are needed dur-
ing tho lesson; another is selected to bring from the
shelves such utensils as Miss Dodge calls for; and a
fourth to watch the firo and put on coal when needed.
The rest are gathered about the long table, and after
a careful explanation of the dish to be cooked, the
girls are allowed to take turns in the various steps of
its preparation. When all the dishes included in the
morning's lesson have been cooked, the girls clear
and set the long table; one of them is selected as
waitress for the day; and after all have eaten as
heartily as they wish, if any thing remains, it is set
aside to be divided among the four girls who are each
week appointed to stay after the lesson, wash tho
dishes, and put tho room in perfect order for the next
lesson. Of course, the girls selected for these various
duties are each week changed.
The first two Saturdays were spent in putting the
room in order before Miss Dodge should come to give
her promised lessons to the class, an earlier engage-
ment making it impossible for her to bo with us until
the third Saturday. There was, however, enough
work both mornings to keep the twelve children be-
longing to the class busy; for the summer's dust had
accumulated upon tho shelves and upon tho dishes
and cooking utensils they contain, and these required
to bo thoroughly washed and scoured.
Miss Dodge was with us on the third Saturday, but
owing to an unavoidable circumstance, she could not
give the class a bread lesson on that day, as she had
expected to do. She therefore had a talk with them
about cooking in general, explaining to them, or
rather drawing from them by a series of questions
the fact that all our food, whether we ourselves cook
it or not, is really cooked, since tho ripening of fruits
and vetegables by tho heat of the sun is nature's
method of cooking.
The girls next gathered around the stove, while
Miss Dodge explained to them tho use of the draughts,
the care of the fire, etc. Then one of the children,
under the teacher's direction, built the fire, ready for
the next week's lesson.
Each Saturday, before beginning the lesson, Miss
Dodgo has the girls write from dictation all recipes
to bo used that day. Blank books are provided by
the school, in which the girls are required to carefully
copy these recipes at home, and bring tho books the
following Saturday to bo examined by one of the
teachers.
All recipes thus far used are given below, and
under each will be found remarks and suggestions
made by Miss Dodge during the lessons, in the hope
that they may prove useful to others. The first les-
son was upon bread-making. Miss Dodge, the even-
ing before the lesson, had prepared some dough,
which, when she brought it in the morning, was light
enough for the children to knead and shape. When
the Vienna rolls and soup sticks into which this
dough was transformed had been set aside for the
second rising, the first steps in bread-making were
gone through with, so that the girls might have illus-
trations of the whole process in the course of the
morning. Of course, this second dough which the


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
3
girls had prepared themselves had not time to become
light enough to knead before the close of the school;
so four of the girls were trusted to carry out the di-
rections that had been given them, and knead, shape,
and bake it themselves without help. All twelve of
the girls would gladly have stayed had it been nec-
essary. Those who stayed divided among them the
bread they had baked and also the potato yeast
which had been mado under Miss Dodge's direction.
Bалу Potato Yeast.
Wash and pare three potatoes; grate them; then
mix one-half cup of flour with one quarter of a cup
of sugar and one teaspoonful of salt; add these to
the potatoes. Then add one quart of boiling water,
and put it over the fire to cook for five minutes.
When cold, add a cup of yeast.
liuw pared potatoes, when exposed to the air, soon
turn black; it is well, therefore, in making this yeast,
to grate the potatoes immediately into the flour, and
cover them from time to time with it, in order to in-
sure the yeast's being white when finished.
In measuring solids, Miss Dodge explained that, by
a sp'jonful of any thing. she always means that what
is being measured must round as much above the
spoon as the spoon rounds underneath; and that,
therefore, a half-spoonful means that what is meas-
ured must be level with the brim of the spoon.
Vienna Bread.
Ono cup of sweet milk; one cup of boiling water;
one-half teaspoonful of salt; one cake of compressed
yeast, dissolved in one-half cup of cold water; add
flour until stiff enough to knead. Take it out on the
board and knead until smooth; then put it back in
the bowl and let it stand for three hours. Take it
out on the board and shape it into loaves. Let it rise
again until light, and then put in the oven and bake it.
Part of the dough maybe made into Vienna loaves
and part into Italian bread-soup-sticks if desired.
For the Vienna loaves two strips of dough were
rolled out and then twisted together and pressed at
the ends to make them stay twisted.
In making the soup-sticks roll the dough with the
palms of the hands, as the sticks should be perfectly
round, and the fingers leave impressions on the dough.
Be careful to have the sticks small enough not to be
above the tops of the fluted pans when risen; as the
sticks should have a crust all around them and not
require to be broken apart.
In kneading the bread for the last time use no flour
on the board, as the dough would slip about and be
more difficult to shape. Besides, the unworked flour
would take longer to rise than that already kneaded,
so it is better to put all the flour in at one time.
The Vienna broad requires one hour to rise the
second time; the Italian bread, one-half hour.
The proper temperature for the room where bread
is to rise is 72°; not warmer, and never colder.
The reason for putting boiling water with the milk
is to prevent the milk's souring, ». e., to prevent the
growth of a microscopic plant contained in the milk;
this plant is very similar to the yeast plant, which we
must be careful not to destroy, as its growth causes
the bread to rise. We therefore dissolve the yeast in
cold water, and are careful to sec that the mixture of
milk and water has cooled before we add the yeast.
In stirring tho flour into tho milk and water it may
bo put in a good deal at a timo until the mixture is
nearly stiff enough, when it should bo added more
slowly.
In stirring tho flour into the bowl, stir always in
the middle, so that the flour which becomes heaped
around the edge of the bowl may fall in gradually.
The second lesson was devoted to roasting and
broiling. Miss Dodge impressed upon the girls that
all meats should be well washed with a wet cloth
before being cooked, but should never be put into the
water, as that draws out the juices of the meats which
we wish to preserve. For the same reason, the meats.
should not be seasoned until almost ready to bo served!
as salt extracts their juices.
Roast Beep.
Wipe tho meat with a wet cloth; trim off the suet;
put the dripping-pan on the stove, and when very
hot put the meat in the pan ; scar it on one side, then
turn it over and scar the other. Put it in a hot oven
and allow ten minutes for every pound of meat.
When brown on one side turn it over and brown the
other. When partly done, season with salt and
pepper.
The two methods of broiling—broiling before the
open fire and pan-broiling—were illustrated; the
first, by a beefsteak; tho second, by mutton-chops.
Broiled Steak.
Wipe the meat with a wet cloth; trim off the fat
and take out the bone; grease tho broiler, put the
meat in it and then put it over a clear fire. Count
ten and turn it over; if liked rare, cook for five
minutes; if well done, from eight to ten.
Always put the fat end of the steak toward the
bottom"of the broiler, as it requires more cooking, and
comes nearer the fire.
Whon soft coal is used, a layer of coke or charcoal


4
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
must be put over the fire and allowed to burn brightly
before the broiling is done.
Open all the dampers to let all the smoke go up
the chimney.
MUTTON-CHOPS.
Wipe them with a wet cloth; trim off tho fat. Put
the skillet on the stove; when very hot put in the
chops; turn them over; when brown, season with salt
and pepper; cook from five to six minutes.
Tho chops will look better if the strip of meat along
the bono is trimmed off and the bone is scraped clean;
leaving the meat at tho end in as round a shape as
possible.
Turn the chops constantly while broiling- Rub a
b^t of fat or suet over the skillet to keep tho chops
from sticking. From tho scraps of meat and bono
that have been trimmed off a good soup may be made;
to one pound of meat and bones put one quart of cold
water.
The third lesson was given to boiling. Rico and
potatoes were first simply boiled, and then other
dishes were prepared from each.
Miss Dodgo explained that the reason for putting
tho rice into boiling water, is that the rice being
largely composed of starch, is at once partly cooked
by the boiling water and so tho grains retain their
shape, as they would not do if they became water-
soaked.
Boiled Eice.
Have two quarts of boiling water with one tea-
spoonful of salt; add one cup of rice which has been
washed in cold water; keep it boiling rapidly. Stir
with a fork and cook from fifteen to twenty minutes.
When the rice is soft, turn it out in a strainer and lift
here and there with a fork to let the steam escape
.
Carolina rice is always best. In washing the rice
it is best to put it in a strainer and let the cold water
from the faucet run through it, rubbing it with tho
hands.
Turkish Pilap.
One cup of stewed and strained tomatoes; one cup
of boiling water; ot\o cup of rice; one teaspoonful
of salt; one tablespoonful of chopped onion; one
saltspoonful of pepper. Add the cooked rice; then
let it cook for twenty minutes; then add one-quarter
of a cup of butter. Serve very hot.
When this dish is served at a meal with mutton-
chops it is well to place the chops neatly around the
edge of tho dish, and heap the Turkish Pilaf in the
middle.
Boiled Potatoes.
Wash the potatoes; paro them and soak in cold
water. Put them in boiling, salted water, and cook
until soft.. Pour off all the water; place the kettle
on the back of tho stove and remove tho cover.
If boiled potatoes can not bo served as soon as
done, a clean, folded towel should be put over the top
of the kettle to absorb the steam as it rises and pre-
vent tho potatoes from turning black, as they would
do, if exposed to the air for any length of time.
Mashed Potatoes.
To one pint of hot boiled potatoes, add one tea-
spoonful of butter, one-half teaspoonful of salt, and
enough hot milk to moisten; mash them in the
kettle, and beat them with a fork until light and
creamy. Then turn them out on a dish without
smoothing the top.
It is nice to uso a little thick, sour cream instead of
sweet milk to moisten the potatoes.
Lyonnaise Potatoes.
Cut one pint of cold boiled potatoes into dice;
season with salt auоУpepper; fry one-half table-
spoonful of chopped onion in one heaping table-
spoonful of butter. Add the potatoes; stir until the
potatoes absorb the butter; add one tablespoonful
of chopped parsley and servo at once. S. B.
NEW BOOKS.
Mrs. Harriet J. Willard has added a third vol-
ume to her Primers of Domestic Science. The first
is "Kitchen and Dining Room Work;" second,
"Parlor, Bedroom, and Laundry," and the third and
last, "First Book in the Art of Cookery." She pro-
poses adding a fourth, which will contain instructions
for the seamstress in the use of the needle and sew-
ing machine, with hints on the purchase of dry goods
and the cutting of garments. . . .
In her last primer, devoted to the art of cookery,
she has taken special"care to give instruction in the
cooking of cereals, and in the preparation of palatable,
but inexpensive, dishes.
George Sherwood, 307 Wabash avenue, Chicago, is
the publisher. «
The Journal of Industrial Education is the title of
a new monthly journal published under the auspices
of the Chicago Kitchen Garden Association.
The aim of the journal is to invite discussion of and
disseminate information about the various branches
of domestic economy, to consider the subject of indus-
trial training generally, the methods, influence, and
outlook, and to make better understood the work of
the Kitchen Garden Association, with the hope
thereby of stimulating public interest in it.'


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
7
fender and register, if any, should be wiped with a
damp cloth and then rubbed with oil. The globes of
chandejiers should be washed in warm suds and dried
immediately with a soft cloth; if at all smoky a little
borax or soda in the water will be effective. Mirrors
should be cleaned with clear water with a little am-
monia or alcohol in it; use a lintless cloth for wash-
ing and polish with muslin cloth, chamois, or soft
paper.
DUSTING.
To dust a room thoroughly you will need two
feather dusters, a long handled one for pictures, a
finer, shorter one for books, ornaments, etc., a cha-
mois skin, two dusting cloths, one to be entirely clean,
for rubbing mirrors, window glass and nice articles.
A short stepladder will also be needed. Cheese cloth
nicely hemmed makes good dust cloths ; there should
be plenty of them, and they should bo washed as soon
as soiled.
The first thing to bo done after the dust has settled
is to take the long handled brush and dust the tops
of the pictures, doors, and windows. The insido
shutters, base board, door panels, and window sills
should be dusted with a cloth. If the windows do
not need washing they should be wiped off with a soft
cloth. Go around the room regularly, rub each arti-
cle carefully, leaving no part untouched. Then un-
cover the furniture and ornaments that have been left
in the room, being careful not to let the dust on the
covers scatter; they should bo taken out of the doors
and shaken before being folded up. Bring in the ar-
ticles taken from the room and be sure that every
thing is put in its proper place. Care should be taken
not to overturn or injure any of the ornaments or
furniture. Before leaving the room arrange the cur-
tains and shades.
WINDOWS.
Windows in tbo city need frequent cleaning. A
bucket of water, into which put a little ammonia, a
soft cloth for washing, several clean ones for drying
the glass, soft paper or chamois and a stepladder will
bo needed. Never use soap on windows or have the
cloth so wet that the water will drip from it. Wash
one pane at a time and be sure tho corners are per-
fectly clean. Change the water often, so as to keep it
clean and hot. Polish the glass with a chamois or
soft paper.
NOTES.
Olive oil is often used to clean hard wood.-
A tablespoonful of ammonia should be used to one
gallon of water.
Tea leaves, salt or wet bran can be used to advan-
tage on dusty carpets.
A soft cloth wrapped around a sharp stick should
be used to clean tho corners of the stairs.
Heavy carpets, such as Wilton, Axminster, and
velvet, should be swept with a whisk instead of a
large broom.
A thorough brushing with a stiff brush will do
much to prevent moths getting into tho furniture.
Benzine or gasoline is a sure preventive, and either
will not injure tho most delicate fabric.
WOMEN SCHOOL TRUSTEES IN NEW YORK.
For several weeks a number of public spirited
women of N. Y. city have been putting forth every
effort and bringing all their influenco to bear on
Mayor Grace to persuade hirn to appoint at least two
women on the Board of Education. Their efforts
have been crowned with success, for to-day tho Mayor
appointed as members of the board Mrs. Mary Ag-
new, tho wife of Dr. Cornelius R. Agnew, the well
known oculist, and Miss Grace Ы. Dodge. They are
tho first women ever appointed to this position in
New York. Tho general comment on tho Mayor's
action is favorable.
"The preparation for domestic services is only one
small feature of tho varied phases of industrial train-
ing given in the training school and industrial col-
lege founded and controlled by the New York Indus-
trial Education Association. Its former house in
East Eleventh street became, after a few weeks, too
small for tho different departments, and now the
school is to be found in the large building formerly
used by tho Union Theological Seminary, No. 9 Uni-
versity Place, just below Eighth street.
Three months were spent in preparing it for occu-
pancy, but already it is an influential center. The
department for domestic service has a fine kitchen,
laundry, and class-room accommodations in the base-
ment, and sleeping rooms, as well as arrangements
for training in chamber-work, upon the upper floor.
The first floor gives to the association its offices, and
here is a large demonstration and practice room for
the department of cookery.
The equipment is such that, at the same time, a
number can be at work, and tho raised platform
affords seats for others to listen to tho instruction and
take notes. . . .
The former chapel, on the same floor, has been
converted into a charming hall, seating three hun-
dred persons, and here a series of lectures on systems
and schemes for industrial education will be given


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. IV. No. 2. CINCINNATI, JANUARY, 1887. Price, lO Cents
TДЕ CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN AS- viding some needy woman with the work of making
SOCIATION. these clothes, thus doing good in two ways. Several
; donations have been sent, also, toward the cooking
A hundred girls aro at present enrolled in the fund, and one for the purpose of providing the girls
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden, and tho attendance, thus with means to practice their lessons-
far, has been quite regular this season. Tho Christmas celebration, which occurred, as
The cooking class proves of very great interest to usual, the Saturday before Christmas, was a very
the school; and, while tho immediate result may not joyous, happy occasion. A tree and abundance of
bean array of well-trained, competent cooks, ready good things were liberally provided. Singing, games,
to enter at once upon the field of domestic service, impromptu recitations, luncheon, presentation of
much good has already been accomplished, even in gifts, cornucopiae of candy, oranges, etc., filled tho
this short while, and the results can not fail to be bene, morning. Miss Mollio Betty read two pretty Christ-
ficial in time. Some of the girls have already been mas selections to the children, who enjoyed them
able to put their lessons into practical use at home, thoroughly.
and the ambition and desire shown by most of them Thanks are cordially extended to the following
to learn, and the earnest attention bestowed upon friends, who kindly remembered the Kitchen Garden
the lessons as they aro given, are certainly very en- during the past month: Mrs. F. Eckstein, Mrs. F. G.
couraging signs. Huntington, Miss Helen Huntington, Miss Florence
One interesting feature has been introduced into the Fletcher, Miss Therese Davis, Miss Mary Ropes, Mrs.
school during the past month, which bids fair to accom- George Shoenberger, Mrs. T. J. Emery, Mrs. F. Forch-
plish some good, if it is found possible to continue it. heimer, Mrs. F. Friedlander, Miss Guitermann, Mrs.
An invitation was extended, one Saturday morning, Herman Goepper, Miss Elizabeth Goepper, Miss Alice
to any of tho girls who desired, to remain after school Goepper, Mrs. Dr. Evarts, Mrs. Ben. Strauss, Mrs. L.
and bathe. The invitation was accepted, first by one C. Weir, Miss Sparmann, Mrs. Albert Netter, the
little girl, the next Saturday by threo, then by seven, Misses Netter, Master Netter, Miss Mollie Wayne,
and the following Saturday several were sent away, Mrs. Henry Feehheimer, Miss Helen Fechheimer,
as there was not sufficient accommodation for tho Miss Elsie Field, Mrs. Henry Snider, Mrs. Weston,
number that remained, without taking more time Mrs. Katharino Westendorf, Miss Maud Stone, Miss
than was deemed practicable. Minnie Stanwood, Mrs. H. L. Laws, Bradford Laws,
Some of the girls who remained said that it was Miss Annie Walker, Miss Lottie Duhme, Miss Alice
impossible to find opportunities tc bathe at home, Jeffras, Miss Ella Cox, Miss Winnie Burt, Miss Alma
many of them living with the rest of tho family in Sattler, Miss Griffith, Miss Mary Anderson, Miss
one room, which was often occupied by other persons. Belle Fithian, Mr. David B. Gamble, Mrs. Andrew
Clean, warm clothing was bestowed, after the bath, Hickenlooper, Mrs. James Gamble, Mrs. James H.
upon those who were found to be very needy, and a Laws, the Misses Laws, Mrs. W. Adae, Miss Sallie
clean, bright, happy set of children left the Kitchen Butler, Miss Emma Harrison, Miss Rebecca Scar-
Garden for their homes the Saturday before the borough, Miss Clara B. Fletcher.
Christmas Saturday. The school reopens the second Saturday in January,
Since the experiment was begun, donations of tin and all who are interested are cordially invited to
bath tubs, soap, bathing towels, sponges, etc., have visit the Kitchen Garden, No. 97 E. Third street, any
been gratefully received, also a piece of canton flan- Saturday morning, between the hours of half past
nel, with which to make underclothing, a piece of nine and half past twelve,
calico for dresses, and money for the purpose of pro- ф .. — . »


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
spoonful of sugar, one teaspoonful of salt, four eloves,
four pepper-corns; put these on to boil in a granite
sauce-pan. Mult one tablespoonful of butter, add one
tablespoonful of chopped onion and one tablespoonful
of chopped parsley; cook for five minutes and then
add one tablespoonful of corn starch, stir well and add
the tomato to it slowly. Let it simmer ten minutes-
strain it and add more salt and pepper if needed.
Stale bread may be used by cutting it into slices
buttering them, and then cutting them into strips and
cubes; brown them in the oven and then put them
in the soup. The little cubes may be fried in fat if
preferred ; they are called croûtonnes.
Whenever canned fruits are used, care must be
taken to empty into an earthenware dish all the con-
tents of the can as soon as it is opened, whether all
is used or not, for the acid in the fruit, when exposed
to the air, acts on the tin and produces a poison.
The next lesson was devoted to pastry. Plain
paste was first made and then used for making an
apple and a custard pie.
Plain Paste.
Measure three cups of sifted flour; add one salt-
spoonful of salt, and rub in one cup of butter and
lard mixed (or all lard may be used); wet with cold
water until the flour is in flakes; turn it out on the
board and roll the flakes together.
Never use all butter in making pie-pasto, as the salt
in the butter makes the paste hard.
In mixing the lard, butter, and flour together, use a
knife and spread the mixture around the side of the
bowl with the flat blado of tho knife. Do not use the
hands, as the heat of the hands would melt the butter
and lard, and the cooler they can bo kept the better.
Do not mix tho shortening too thoroughly; it should
still be in rather large lumps when turned out on the
board for rolling. Tho less handling the pasto re-
ceives the flakier it will bo when finished.
When the paste has been turned out on tho board,
roll it only until the flour and shortening will adhere
sufficiently to admit of being made into a roll like
jelly-cake. When this has been done, tho roll may
be divided into as many pieces as you wish crusts. In
preparing one of these pieces for lining a pan turn it
on end and beat it gently with tho rolling-pin until
flat enough to be rolled largo enough to fill tho plate.
Apple Pie.
Lino a pie-plato with crust and fill it with apples
which have been pared, cored, and cut in eighths-
cover with an upper crust and bake from twenty to
thirty minutes in a hot oven. When done remove
the upper crust, mash the apples and season them
with sugar and spice. Put the crust back again and
it is ready to serve.
The juice in apple pie is likely to boil over in the
oven ; this is owing to the sugar, which draws out the
juice of tho apples. It is better therefore to cook the
apples before seasoning them.
Custard Pie.
Beat two eggs slightly; add three tablespoonsful of
sugar, one saltspoonful of salt, and one of nutmeg.
Pour on slowly two cups of hot milk. Pour it into a
pan which has been lined with crust, and bake slowly
for a half-hour. Cut into it with a knife; if the knife
comes out clean, the custard is done.
Be careful to seo that there is no air left under the
crust before pouring on the custard, as when the air
becomes heated it will raise the crust in bubbles.
In making all kinds of custard beat the eggs but
slightly, as the amount of air beaten into the eggs
when they are very light would give the custard a
porous appearance, whereas it should cut smooth and
firm.
During the next lesson, on cake—orange cake
and cookies were made.
Orange Cake.
To two eggs well beaten, add one cup of sugar, one
tablespoonful of melted butter, and one-half cup of
cold water. Mix two teaspoonfuls of baking powder
with one and a half cups of flour; add the flour to the
sugar and water, with one tablespoonful of orange
juico and a little of the grated rind. Butter two
round shallow pans; spread the cake over the pans
and bake in a quick oven from ten to fifteen minutes.
Fill with orango cream.
Orange Cream.
Put in a cup the rind and juice of one orango and
one tablespoonful of lemon juice; then fill the cup
with cold water, strain, and put it on to boil. Add
one tablespoonful of corn-starch, wet in cold water
(or in place of the corn-starch two tablespoonfuls of
flour may bo used) and let it boil for five minutes.
Beat the yolk of one egg; add two heaping table-
spoonfuls of sugar and stir it into the starch. Cook
ono minute; add ono teaspoonful of butter and let it
cool.
For baking larger cakes there should be a littlo
flour sifted over tho pans after they are greased, as
tho cakes will brown better; it also obviates tho ne-
cessity of lining the pan with paper.


12
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
Cookies.
Eub one-half cup of butter to a cream; add one
cup of sugar, one-third of a cup of cold water and one
egg well beaten. Mix Uto teaspoonfuls of baking
powder with two cups of flour; add this to tho mixtr
nre and enough more flour to make it stiff enough to
roll out. Roll out a little at a time, cut tho cakes
and bake them in a hot oven for ten minutes.
Of course milk can be used in these cakes instead
of water, if preferred, but water makes the cake
lighter.
The next lesson was spent in preparing dishes
suitable for invalids.
Mutton Broth.
Allow one quart of cold water to each pound of
meat and bone; cut the meat into small pieces; add
the cold water and heat slowly; add one teaspoonful
of salt, one-half teaspoonful of pepper, and a small
tablespoonful each of onion and turnip. Simmer
until the meat is very tender, strain it, and take off
the fat. To each quart of the broth allow two table-
spoonsfuls of rice, which has been washed and soaked
for half an hour. When the broth is boiling add the
rice. Simmer until the rice is tender, season with salt
and pepper and serve at once.
When more water is added to soup or broth, it
should always be cold water.
In putting the meat and bones into the kettle, put
the bones at the bottom, as they will prevent tho meat
from sticking to the kettle.
The scum which rises to the top of tho kettle when
soup or broth is made is not an impurity, as is com-
monly thought, and should not be skimmed off. If
the meat is thoroughly washed with a wet cloth, and
is put into clear water, there can bo nothing in
the soup but what should romain. Tho "skum" is
only the thickened juice of the meat and is the most
nutrieious part of the soup. It will be found that
this scum will entirely combine again with the soup.
Oat-meal Gruel.
Put two tablespoonfuls of oat-meal and one-quarter
of a teaspoonful of salt, with one quart of boiling
water; boil for one hour, strain it, and servo with
milk or cream.
Raw Beep Sandwiches.
Scrape fino a small piece of juicy raw beef.
Season highly with salt and pepper. Spread it on
thin slices of bread which have been buttered slightly.
Put two slices together like a sandwich, and cut into
small cubes.
THE CHRISTMAS LETTER MISSION.
Among the many charities of our land, " The Christ-
mas Letter Mission" has found a place. "So the
posts went with the letters from the King" is its motto,
and its aim is to cheer many sad and weary hearts
who may not have a share in the joy and brightness
of Christmas.
Nearly fifteen hundred letters and bright cards
were distributed this year in institutions and homes
in Cincinnati; and could tho kind friends who gave
their time, money, and loving thoughts to the work,
have seen the beaming faces of those who received
these letters, they would feel more than repaid.
In one institution, as the breakfast plates wero
lifted on Christmas morning, disclosing the envelopes
on which were the words, "A Christmas Letter for
you," the glad exclamation, "And I have one too,"
was repeated again and again. In one of the hospi-
tals, the letters havo been read and reread, being
kept under tho pillows.
This mission originated in England twelve years
ago, and has been in existenco in this country about
four years. In 1885 there were sent out in the United
States thirty-nine thousand letters. The letters are
printed, and inclosed in an envelope with a card;
cost from three to five cents each, One poor woman
said: "Poor as I am, I would not sell mine for a
dollar." Thus, the blessing that goes with them in-
creases their value many fold.
Contributions will be gladly received or informa-
tion given by the secretary for Ohio, Mrs. D. B.
Gamble, Avondale, Cincinnati.
In Philadelphia, women make a good living as pro-
fessional "lampers." They contract to call each day,
and trim and keep in perfect order the lamps of the
household. The metal, the chimneys, the shades and
the wicks, are kept immaculate, and the oil fresh, and
the relief of the average"housokeeper more than
compensates for the slight fee required.—Christian
Union.
CORRESPONDENCE.
306 Seventh St. S.,
Minneapolis, Minn.
Dear Friends:—I am very much delighted with
the Kitchen Garden. Inclosed please find fifty
cents. Nettie Prior.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
13
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Misa Annie Laws, President, I Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Treae.
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, V.-P't, | Miss Elizazeth a. Goepper, Sec.
tíSF" Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, 100 Dayton St., Cincinnati, O.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, JANUARY, 1887.
Interesting accounts reach us this month of the
rapid growth of the Kitchen Garden branch of the
W. C. T. U., during the past few years. Over twenty-
five Kitchen Gardens have already been established
under the auspices of this organization, and the num-
ber and interest seem to be steadily increasing. We
are indebted to the superintendent of this work for
her full and interesting report.
We are promised an account of the Cleveland
Cooking School for the next number of the Kitchen
Garden.
During the past two months many letters have
been received with inquiries as to how best to start
Kitchen Gardens, what' materials are necessary,
where to obtain them, where to find advanced
Kitchen Garden lessons, how to begin cooking schools,
etc. We shall soon have ready bound volumes
containing complete sets of back numbers of the
Kitchen Garden for the past three years. In these
numbers we have tried to embody all the information
we have derived from various sources, and whatever
experience we may have gained from our own at-
tempts in this field. We hope these volumes will
prove helpful to those interested in beginning or
spreading this work.
KITCHEN GARDEN.
"She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth
not the bread of idleness."
That industrial trainingisanecessarypart of public
education, is now generally admitted, andevery-where
we find schools where various branches of industry
are taught. For the girls, especially, no branch has
spread more rapidly or accomplished more good than
this, of Kitchen Garden, or Household Economy, as 1
sometimes like to call it. In a recent copy of" Lend a
Hand," 1 read this question, "Must the little girls
(who without the compulsory education law would
live on the streets) grow up to lead idle, corrupt lives,
sinco at home they see no industrious habits, and are
not taught elsewhere the first rudiments of manual
labor?" We would reply to this that in the Kitchen
Garden lies our hope of saving the girls from the con-
sequences of such examples and neglect at home. Its
object is three-fold; first, to eave the children from
becoming shiftless, indolent women, by teaching them
how to be helpful both to themselves and others. May
this not do something in the line of social purity, for
do we not all realize how rapidly idleness and igno-
rance lead to the loss of virtue. Secondly, to make
their own homes better and brighter, as Miss Steele's
little poem words it:
"Sixty mother's burdens eased,
Sixty fathers with home pleased."
and lastly, to mako other homes happier by fitting
girls to be competent servants. It is gratifying to
know that throughout the Temperance Unions, the
Kitchen Garden system continues to keep pace with
other organizations, and realizing that but four years
have passed since your superintendent organized the
first normal class of Kitchen Gardeners, the growth
of the work seems very rapid. In fact, it has spread
beyond my knowledge and reach, and as my National
Report must be on its way before a number of local
reports can reach me, I shall not be able to give such
an account as I had wished. So far as 1 know, the
number of Kitchen Gardens in connection with our
W. C. T. U. is not less than twenty-five, and there
may be more. As a state, Illinois stands at the head
in having the largest number of schools, and " at the
Annual Convention, the Kitchen Garden illustration
was an attractive feature of tho Young Ladies' eve-
ning." So writes the Superintendent, Miss McDow-
ell, and she adds, "At Molino we will give an after-
noon to the illustration, introducing also Lessons on
Tempcrence and Hygiene." Chicago, Evanston,
Rockford, Peoria, Quincy, and Jacksonville, each
teach a class of twenty-four—thus bringing one hun-
dred and twenty-four little girls, each year, under the
influence of this training. At Galesburg, the teaching
is given in connection with a sewing-school. New
York stato has three Kitchen Gardens—Yonkers'
school being so firmly established that it is now a
recognized institution of tho place, has its own rooms


14
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
in the W. C. T. U. hall and is supported by annual
subscribers from an Advisory Board of ladies. Many
of the little maids are now able to go into families and
others are in demand for receptions and teas. Then-
closing exercises, presided over by Mrs. William
Allen Butler, Chairman of the Board, and witnessed
by a large number of ladies, were very interesting-
Prizes of the most useful and appropriate kind were
distributed. The children displayed their skill in
some of the household arts; sang new songs, among
them, " Baise Your Hands if They are Clean," in Miss
Gordon's Marching Songs, and then j-our Superin-
tendent was requested to give a little talk.
Plainfield W. C. T. U. has introduced Kitchen Gar-
don into Now Jersey and sends the following report:
"We have two classes, twenty-four girls in each.
Their parents are pleased to have them come, and the
children are delighted, a number having attended
regularly since the organization of the school two
years ago. We visit their homes and try to know
something of their home life, and this we think a
necessary part of the work. We do not require the
girls to sign the pledge, although we teach temper-
ance principles. However, most of them belong to
the Band of Hope. Last April we gave a beautiful
exhibition which was a grand success in every way.
The amount cleared was $75, after paying expenses,
which were heavy, but, best of all, the public were
aroused to enthusiasm." We have purchased our
materials and made arrangements for organizing
a cooking-school early in October. You see our wo.rk
is growing. We are greatly interested and hope to
be successful in our new undertaking. From Wil-
mington, Delaware, the superintendent writes . "We
feel satisfied with our few month's work. The chil-
dren were greatly interested and manifested constant
improvement. Most of the girls aro pledged, being
members of our temperance school. At the anni-
versary of our Y. W. C. T. U., which took the form of a
reception, a class from our Kitchen Garden delighted
the guests with their songs. Their manner of setting
and clearing a table and the grace with which they
waited on the door."
Miss Stevens continues, giving her plan of work as
superintendent. She says: "It is not to teach regu-
larly but to visit the classes frequently, and to have
each time some new thought to give the children, that
they shall not regard any 'occupation ' as a stiff set
of questions and answers; and whenever I can, will
introduce an experiment with an alcohol lamp. We
made starch one day greatly to the delight of the
children. I love this work. Wo resume early in the
fall and the girls are eager to begin." Baltimore
sends no special report, but in a paper giving an ac-
count of the Mountain Lake Park Conference, I find
a comprehensive article on Kitchen Garden by Miss
Minnie Dougherty, of Baltimore, which convinces me
they are still alive and vigorously at workthero. The
Maryland State Report of this year urges among its
resolution "renewed activity in the juvenile work,
especially the important departments of Kitchen Gar-
den, etc.," and appoints a state superintendent.
Louisville and Lexington, Kentucky, each have
schools, but nothing is heard from the latter. The
former has enrolled about eighty scholars during the
year, but there has been some irregularities in attend-
ance, owing to the great distance the children were
obliged to go. Good has been accomplished, however,
and the girls have had calls to go into homes, and tbe
Women's Exchange always employ Kitchen Garden
maids.
BOSTON.
Brooklyn and Portland, Maine, have each started
during the past year; the last named having only
closed the course for the normal class a few weeks
ago, has nothing to report of work accomplished, ex-
cept that it has aroused a deep interest in the public,
and the young ladies aro prepared to begin with a
paid class of children, already promised from homes
of wealth and influence. Reports from the other two
cities are still waited for, but I know the commenda-
tion of " well-done " can be given to both. The Brook-
lyn Y. W, C. T. U. put its knowledge into practice
amongst the children associated with a charitable in-
stitution, known as the Industrial Restaurant, and I
regret wo can not give some account of results ac-
complished.
The young ladies of Boston have had the use of a
large room in the building of the Young Womens'
Christian Association to prosecute their work. New-
buryport, Mass., has begun in a small way, having
neither money nor the room to do more at present,
but is hoping for help in advance.
MINNESOTA
has three Kitchen Gardens and comes last among the
list of states, because the state superintendent has
written me that her report was on its way, so I hoped
it might reach me in time for mention; but it has not
come ; so that Minneapolis and Winona schools will
have to be heard from later. St. Paul sends the fol-
lowing report: "There were ninety-six children
taught last year in their classes, and there was a
marked improvement in manners and morals as well
as progress in Kitchen Garden training. In many


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
15
instances the parents testified to the increased help-
fulness of the children.
A ton minutes temperance talk is always given at
the close of each lesson, and all of the children would
willingly sign the pledge at first, but we do not pre-
sent it until they fully understand what it means,
both to sign and break a pledge. At the close of the
classes a majority are pledged.
Quite unintentionally Michigan has been omitted.
The Kitchen Garden of Manistee suspended work for
lack of teachers; but Mrs. Wheeler hopes the mate-
rials will soon bo in use again. Detroit continues as
active as ever, and a letter from there states: "We
have done very well this year," but the report has
not reached me yet.
Ottawa, Canada, sends its second report and is as
last year's account, so full of good things that it is a
pity to have to condense it into as small a space as I
must. But passing by much that is good, let me give
some of the little incidents which Miss Fleck, the
superintendent, sends; she writes:
"We were sometimes gratified by being told that
the K. G. training had brightened up some children,
made them more observant, and neater in their habits.
One little girl, who lived with her widowed father in
a wretchedly dirty home, has made a great difference
in the appearanco and neatness of that place, and has
been one of our most apt pupils."
"In the midsummer absenco of one of our city pas-
tors, his pulpit and house were occupied by a profes-
sor from one of our theological colleges in another
city. This reverend gentleman only slept in the
house, and having asked a little girl of his congrega-
tion to find a chorowoman who would keep his room
tidy, the child replied: "I could do it for you, sir; I
learned in the Kitchen Garden." So she undertook
the work, and gave such satisfaction that the rever-
end professor is quite an admirer of K. G. training.
Still another instance is given: "Four little maids of
the charity class were asked to assist the ladies who
held a New Year's reception in the Young Men's As-
sociation rooms, and did their part to the entire satis-
faction of the ladies or those whom they served with
coffee and cake. Many of the gentlemen said they
only partook of the refreshments for the pleasure of
being waited on by the charming little maids in their
pretty caps and aprons." One of these four acted in
the same capacity for a brido during her reception
days. Eighty-six children received the instruction in
Ottawa, and at the close thirteen prizes were distrib-
uted. Lady McDonald had been asked to award
the prizes, but was unablo to be present. In a per-
sonal interview, however, with the superintendent,
she expressed her continued interest in the work and
confidence in the good results of K. G. training.
Respectfully submitted,
Mary C. McClees, Superintendent.
Montclair, N. J., Oct. 4, 1886.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Minneapolis, November 19, 1886.
We have had, for the past two years, five Kitchen
Garden schools, and we now wish to have a more ad-
vanced school, for girls from the age of fourteen to
.sixteen years. As Cincinnati is advanced in this
matter, and also knowing your interest in this work,
I write to you for information. Is there a course laid
out for this advanced training? If so, please inform
me where to procure it.
How many times a week does your school meet,
and what is the expense of running such a school?
What salary do you pay? Please writo mo at your
earliest convenience, and give all the information you
can. We wish to make this work as practical as we
can. Respectfully, Miss H. C. Mead,
No. 1612 Park Ave.,
Minneapolis, Minn.
[Lessons for advanced training may bo found in
Vol. I. of the Kitchen Garden, also in the numbers
of the present volume. The Cincinnati Kitchen
Garden is held only on Saturday mornings of each
week. With the exception of the cooking depart-
ment, the teaching is entirely voluntary. The great-
est expense is that of rent, which, of course, would
vary in different places.—Ed.]
Montclair, December 2, 1886.
Please accept thanks for sample copies of the
Kitchen Garden. They will be sent out immedi-
ately, as I am constantly receiving requests for them,
having recommended young ladies, wherever I or-
ganize a K. G., to subscribo for the magazine. It is
very helpful, and I hope continues to increase in cir-
culation, that the good seed may be scattered far and
wide. With best wishes, yours, sincerely,
Mary C. McClees.
Fairmount Children's Home.
Mt. Union, Stark Co., O., December 13, 1886.
Editor Kitchen Garden Bi-Monthly, Cincinnati, O.-
Will you please send me specimens of your period-
ical. We expect to establish a Kitchen Garden by
the 1st of February, and would like your paper.
Respectfully yours, Jno. K. Niesz, Supt.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. IV. No. 8. CINCINNATI, MARCH, 1887. Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO- and Java coffee, in the proportion of one-third of
CIAT10N. Mocha to two-thirds of Java.
In a letter recently received from Pittsburg several cracked wheat.
questions were asked which perhaps may as well 0no cup of cracked wheat. one teaspoonful of salt;
one quart of boiling water: put these in the top of
the double boiler, place it on the stove and let the
wheat cook well for eight or ten minutes; then place
room, the school was divided, just as it is at present, it over Лe water in U)e double boiler an>J ы ifc cook
be answered here
When the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden was first
organized, and the work was carried on in one large
into small classes, each containing from eight to ten
for ono hour if liked dry, for from two to three hours
girls under one teacher. No boys have ever been if liked very soft
regularly admitted into the Kitcheri Garden, though gince л wbeat ires t deaJ of cooki it
i i '-. -.] :. _ ¿ : .: —j • i * ° о
a number have visited it at various times, and evinced
is well, when it is to be used as a breakfast dish, to
enough interest in the work to show that they would cookor partiycookit the day before, and heat it again-
be glad to enter the school were provision made for
them.
OMELET.
As to teaching the words of new songs, we simply Boat the yo1ks of tWQ egg(J цпШ light colored ftnd
give the words, and have the children repeat them thick. add two tablespoonfuls of milk, one saltspoon-
several times; the air is then played through once or ful of юlt, Qn0 quarter saltsp00nful of pepper. Beat
twice before it is sung. The children seem to learn tbe wbHcs UQti1 gUff and drv; cut and fold tbem int0
both words and airs very readily. tbe уЫкs Шуe tbo ome1;t pan hofc and weU ^
During the past two months, the only event of tered Turn the omelet into it, and cook until brown
especial importance that has taken place in the Cin- on the bottom; then put it in the oven to dry the top;
cinnati Kitchen Garden has been the demonstrative fo1d it over and turn Qut Qn a hot platter
cooking lesson. The process of adding the whites of the eggs to any
THE COOKING CLASS OF THE CINCINNATI ™^ure in the manner called'« cutting and folding »
„rmr,rrc,-T , т,тчтахт was described in the January number of this paper
KllCiiiliiN LtAKUXjjN. ... , . „n ... ». .
in the notes upon the making of fritter battar.
HASH.
The ninth lesson of the course planned for the
cooking class was spent in the preparation of break-
fast dishes. Coffee, cracked wheat, omelet, hash, and Wash and pare six potatoes, boil them until tender,
Graham gems were chosen for illustration then mash them and season with salt and pepper.
Measure one pint of cooked beef, cut off all the skin
coffee. and gristle, chop it very fine, and mix it with the
It will be seen that the proportions given below for potato. Cover tho bottom of the spider with hot
the preparation of coffee are intended for a single cup water, add one large tablespoonful of butter; put in
of coffee. the hash and let it simmer until brown.
Measure one tablespoonful of ground coffee; mix
with it one teaspoonful of a beaten egg; add one cup graham gems.
of cold water; put it on the stove and bring it to the To one egg well beaten add one-half cup of sugar,
boiling point; then draw it to the back part of the ono and one-half cups of Graham flour, one quarter of
stove and let it stand for ten minutes. a teaspoonful of salt, one cup of milk, and two tea-
Miss Dodge said she preferred a mixture of Mocha spoonfuls of baking powder. Stir well, and bake for


18
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
from fifteen to twenty minutes in buttered gem pans
in a very hot oven. Care should be taken to have the
pans hot when the gems are put into them.
The tenth lesson was spent in the preparation of
dinner dishes. Mock bisque soup with croutons,
baked fish, cold slaw, and Dutch apple cake with
lemon sauco were made. It had been Miss Dodge's
intention to teach also the preparation of beef stew
with dumplings during this lesson; but as several of
the girls were absent this dish was postponed until
the following lesson.
MOCK BISQUE SOUP.
Stew one-half can of tomatoes (or one pint of fresh
tomatoes), and then rub them through a strainer.
Put one quart of milk in the double boiler; cook one
tablespoonful of corn-starch in two tablespoonfuls of
melted butter; stir the hot milk into it slowly; let it
cook ten minutes, and add one teaspoonful of salt
and one-half saltspoonful of pepper. Then stir in the
tomatoes and serve at once.
Tho milk and tomatoes should not be put together
until just before serving, as the tomatoes curdle the
milk if the two are together for any length of time.
The mock bisque soup gets its name from its color;
tho mixture of milk and tomatoes producing a pink
resembling the color of the soup made from tho bisque,
a fish much used in Canada for that purpose.
CROUTONS.
Cut stale bread into half-inch slices; cut these into
half-inch cubes; put them into a frying basket and
plunge them into a kettle of fat which will brown
them while you count forty. Drain them on u paper
and sprinkle them with salt.
The slices of bread may be spread with butter, cut
into tubes and browned in the oven, if preferred, but
they are crisper if fried.
BAKED FISH.
Have three or four pounds of fish; dip tho dark
skin into boiling water, and scrape clean. Bub well
with salt and pepper; put it in a shallow pan and
cover with milk until one-half inch deel). Bake it for
one hour, basting it with the milk. When done, re-
move the bone and skin, arrange the fish neatly on a
platter, and garnish it with' slices of hard boiled egg.
Miss Dodge said that for baking in this manner she
prefers a slice of some large fish to a whole small one.
The fish used in that lesson was halibut.
COLD SLAW DRESSING.
Boil one-half cup of vinegar with two teaspoonfuls
of sugar, one-half teaspoonful of salt, one-half tea-
spoonful of mustard, and one-half saltspoonful of
pepper. Bub one-quarter of a cup of butter to a
cream and add one teaspoonful of flour; then pour
the boiling vinegar over ii. Cook this for five min-
utes and then pour it over the well beaten yolk of
one egg.
Mix this dressing while hot with one pint of cab-
bage chopped very fine.
DUTCH APPLE CAKE.
Measure two cups of flour, add one-half teaspoonful
of salt and two teaspoonfuls of baking powder; sift
these together and then rub in one-quarter of a cup
of butter. Beat one egg well and add to it three-
quarters of a cup of cold water; stir this slowly into
the flour. Spread the dough on a shallow pan which
has been well greased. Have ready four or five sour
apples which have been cored, pared, and quartered;
arrange these quarters neatly, with the rounded sides
up, on top of the dough, and sprinkle over them two
tablespoonfuls of sugar.
Bake in a hot oven for twenty or thirty minutes.
LEMON SAUCE.
Mix two teaspoonfuls of corn starch with one cup
of sugar; add two cups of hot water and cook for
eight minutes; then add the grated rind and tho
juice of one lemen and one tablespoonful of butter.
For the eleventh lesson Miss Dodge had the girls
repeat—with as few directions from her as possible—
a number of dishes they had already learned to pre-
pare, and they were, for the most part, very successful
with them.
Tho only new recipes given during this lesson were
for beef stew with dumplings and for milk bread.
BEEF STEW.
Have three or four pounds of lean beef; cut the
meat into pieces and dredge all overwith salt,popper,
and flour. Put a little lard or pork fat in the spider,
and brown the meat in it. Then put it into a kettle.
Cut two onions and one small turnip into small
pieces; brown them in the spider, put them with the
meat and add boiling water enough to cover. Let
them simmer until the meat is tender. While the
meat is cooking pare six or eight small potatoes;
when the meat is nearly done add boiling water to
the potatoes and cook them five minutes. Then drain
the water off and add them to the stew. Put in salt
and pepper to taste.
Miss Dodge told the children that if they were to
taste the water in which potatoes had been boiled,


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
19
they would find it extremely bitter. This bitterness
is owing to a substance in the potatoes not unlike the
nicotin in tobacco; it is much better, thereforo, to
boil the potatoes partially before adding them to the
stew,in order to prevent this bitterness from spoiling
the flavor of the Btew.
DUMPLINGS.
To one pint of flour add one-half teaspoonful of salt
and two teaspoonfuls of baking powder; mix with it
one scant cup of sweet milk. Put it on the board and
roll it out half an inch thick; cut in small rounds and
lay them in the stew on top of the potatoes. Cover
closely and cook ten minutes.
The dumplings must never rest in the water or
they will become soaked and heavy; the juice of the
stew should not be above the tops of the potatoes.
The twelfth and last lesson of the course was de-
voted to a demonstration lesson by Miss Dodgo for
the benefit of all the children in the school. They
watched with great interest Miss Dodge's deft manner
of handling all the materials used, and enjoyed the
taste which each received of some one of the good
things which they had seen so carefully and skillfully
prepared.
In order to have time to make sufficiently large
quantities of the dishes selected and also to have the
selections simple enough for the children to obtain a
clear idea of their preparation, merely from looking
on, Miss Dodge chose but three dishes for illustration,
each easily pro pared. Theso were: Baking powder
biscuit, chocolate, and frozen apricots.
BAKING POWDER BISCUITS.
Measure one quart of flour, and sift with it three
teaspoonfuls of baking powder, and one-half teaspoon-
ful of salt. Then rub in one-half cup of butter or
lard and make it into a soft dough with cold milk or
water. Roll out and bake in a hot oven for ten or
fifteen minutes.
Cut the shortening into the flour with a knife (which
is more easily handled for this purpose than a spoon)
until it is in small lumps; then rub it between the
fingers until it is as fine as meal.
The softer tho dough the better the biscuits; but
of course the dough is more difficult to handle than
when stiff. The board must be well floured before
the dough is turned out on it, and if tho rolling-pin
is used to pat the dough instead of to roll it, the roll-
ing-pin is less likely to stick to the dough.
CHOCOLATE.
Put one pint of milk and one pint of boiling water
in the double boiler; when hot add three tablespoon-
fuls of sugar and a pinch of salt. Put two table-
spoonfuls of water into a saucepan and dissolve in it
two squares of Baker's chocolate; add this to the
milk and stir constantly until ready to serve.
For very rich luncheon chocolate no water is used
with tho milk, and six squares of chocolate are re-
quired to a quart of milk.
Miss Dodgo thinks it an unnecessary waste of time
either to grate the chocolate or scrape it down with a
knifo; if the squares of chocolate are put in a sauce-
pan with a very little water, and are moved about
with a spoon, they will very soon melt; if a little of
the hot milk and water is gradually added tho choco-
late may oasily bo rubbed smooth with the bowl of
tho spoon before putting it with tho rest of the milk.
FROZEN APRICOTS.
One quart can of apricots, one pint of sugar, one
quart of water. Kub the apricots through a strainer
so that they will mix thoroughly with the water and
sugar. Add the water and sugar, put it into the
freezer, and turn the freezer constantly for twenty or
thirty minutes.
The opening in the outer bucket of a freezer,
through which the water escapes, should be near the
top of the bucket, not near the bottom, as in some
freezers. It is by tho melting of tho ice which allows
the ice-cold water to closely surround the can that tho
cream or sherbet is frozen; so that if tho water runs
off as soon as it forms, the cream will not freeze.
The proportion of ico to salt for the freezing mix-
ture is three measures of ice to two of salt.
During the past two months the Kitchen Garden
has been indebted to the following kind friends for
donations received: Miss Florence- Fletcher, Miss
Alice Holabird, Mile, do Korsak, Mrs.F. Forchheimer,
Mr. George Hill, Mrs. Nettleton, Mrs. Louise N. An-
derson, Mrs. J. A. Townley, Mrs. L. B. Harrison.
Martinsville, Clinton Co., Ohio, Feb. 19,1887.
To Editor of the Kitchen Garden:
Your paper, The Kitchen Garden, is spoken of
in The Union Signal of December 23d, and is highly
commended. Would be glad to see a sample copy of
the same soon. Very respectfully,
Mrs. E. R. Townsend.
Homes are like harps, of which one is finely carved
and bright with gilding, but ill-tuned and jarring the
air with its discords; while another is old and plain
and worn, but from its cords flow strains that are a
feast of music.


20
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Mies Annie Laws, President, I Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Тгeяn.
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, V.-P't, I Miss Ei.izazeth A. Goepper, See.
WSf Subscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, 100 Dayton St., Cincinnati, 0.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, MARCH, 1887.
We are indebted this month to Miss Billings, of
Cleveland, and Mrs. J. B. Eomer, of New York, for
two very interesting accounts of cooking schools re-
cently established.
We congratulate the ladies of the Cleveland Do-
mestic Training School upon the success with which
their efforts to establish a cooking school have already
been met, and wish them success in the future.
Those who are interested in-teaching young girls
to cook will find Mrs. Römers Lesson Cards very
practical and useful.
We shall be grateful if all our readers will send
as accounts of the various industrial schools, cook-
ing classes, sewing schools, kitchen gardens, etc., in
which they may be interested.
The bound volumes containing complete sets of
The Kitchen Garden numbers, up to the present
time, are now ready for salo. Price, two dollars.
A limited number of unbound seta can be still
obtained at the regular subscription price, fifty cents
per volume.
THE PROPER CARE OF THE KITCHEN AND
ITS CONTENTS—FIFTH LESSON IN THE
COURSE OF THE CLEVELAND DOMESTIC
TRAINING SCHOOL.
THE CARE OF THE KITCHEN.
A good servant is known by the order in which she
keeps her kitchen; and a wise teacher says, "Re-
member that the best cook always has tho cleanest
kitchen."
The place where food is prepared should be as
orderly as the rest of the house, and because used so
much needs more frequent and thorough cleaning
than any other room.
For cleaning purposes, every kitchen should be
provided with two scrubbing-brushes, two pails, two
soft brushes, one for the woodwork and one for the
stove; a long brush for walls; two brooms, one for
the floor and one for outside steps and ccllarway;
plenty of flannel and old cotton cloths for paint and
windows; and, for scouring, scrubbing, and general
cleaning, washing soda, borax, ammonia, mineral
soap, brick dust, and a pail of fine sand. Stove black-
ing and brushes must always be ready, and dustpans
and dusters should hang in a convenient place for
every-day use.
Once a week tho kitchen should be cleaned through-
out, and closets and pantries carefully looked through
and set in order. On Wednesdays, or near the middle
of the week, the floor should bo cleaned, the stove
blacked, and the paint wiped wherever soiled.
In the weekly cleaning, the stove should be first
cleaned, then the woodwork brushed, floor swept,
stove blacked, tables washed, chairs dusted, sink and
faucets cleaned, and, last of all, the floor scrubbed.
Clean the stove according to directions in previous
lessons. The hearth under the stove, whether of zinc
or stone, may be scrubbed with sapolio.
WOODWORK.
After cleaning the stove, but before blacking it,
brush the dust from all the woodwork in the kitchen.
Use the long-handled brush or a broom on which is
tied a clean, soft cloth or a canton flannel bag to re-
move dust from tho door and window tops, top of
boiler, stovepipes, and all high places where dirt set-
tles. Brush down all cobwebs, then sweep the
kitchen, taking up all the mats from tho floor and
moving coal hods and boxes. Use a small brush for
taking dust from the corners and under the stove.
CHAIRS AND TABLES.
A scrubbing-brush should bo kept especially for
chairs and tables. The chairs may be scrubbed if
made of un painted wood, but if painted or varnished,
should bo wiped with a soft cloth wet in cold water.
If the tables are of pine, sprinkle a little sand on
them and scrub in the direction of the grain. Use
cold water. If they are of hard wood do not use sand.
PAINT.
The paint in the kitchen should be washed when-
ever soiled, and the door knobs should be wiped every
day. Wash the paint with a pioce of flannel dipped


22
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
all boxes, bottles, crocks and jugs before putting
away. Make it a rule never to put any thing in its
place unless it is perfectly clean.
Never leave packages, milk tickets, or any thing
lying loose around the shelves. Find a box, jar, or
dish for every thing. If you have not boxes or crocks
enough to hold all cooking materials, save the tin
cracker boxes and covered cans and wide-mouthed
bottles, clean thoroughly and pile on an upper shelf
until wanted. .
Empty all packages as soon as they come from the
grocery, throw the paper into the kindling basket
and put the string away in a convenient place. Never
leave any thing not in use on the kitchen tables.
Whenever you clean the closets thoroughly, the
walls and woodwork should be carefully brushed be-
fore any washing is dono. Closo drawers should be
emptied, taken out, and washed in cold water and
soda, and dried before replacing. The drawer spaces
must be brushed out and washed in the same way as
shelves.
In cleaning the storeroom and pantries, be sure to
move every box and barrel before sweeping, and re-
move the dust from the corners before scrubbing.
The cupboards under the sink should bo cleared
out often, washed in the same way as closets, and
the papers changed. The best way to keep the places
clean where stove utensils are kept is to always wash
the outside as well as tho inside of pots and kettles
before putting them away.
notes.
Never pare vegetables into the sink, but into a pan.
Have holders hanging near the stove for oven doors
and pans.
Duck and turkey wings make tho best brushes for
cleaning the stove.
Wash and clear up dishes as you work. You can
often wash and use the same dish over again in mix-
ing, and it is easier than to pile so many dishes up
for washing.
In using soda and borax take one large table-
spoonful to a pail or gallon of water.
When cleaning closets look out for mouso holes.
If in the woodwork nail a piece of tin over them; if
in plaster fill with plaster of paris.
Powdered borax put under tho papers on pantry
shelves will prevent water bugs.
COBRES PON DENCE.
Davenport, Iowa, December 5, 1886.
Wo have, for the past eight years had an Industrial
School for girls. It is a sewing school, where, Satur-
day afternoons, over one hundred little girls, from
one to fifteen years old, meet to learn to cut, baste,
and make underclothing, towels, and handkerchiefs.
Wo have a directress and twenty ladies, who kindly
give their time and labor. We work under the La-
dies' Aid Society.
In connection with this we hope soon to have a
Cooking Class and Kitchen Garden. Wo have all
the money necessary for such an enterprise promised.
Wo have a good room selected. Our only trouble is
not knowing how to begin. In February we hope to
have Mrs. Ewing give her eight lectures on cooking,
our main purpose being to interest the public in the
future Cooking Class of children.
Your little paper is very suggestive. Inclosed you
will find our subscription for a year. With thanks
for your very kind letter, I am, yours very truly,
Ellen M. Gould, Directress of Industrial School.
Pittsburgh, January 6, 1887.
Please find inclosed fifty cents for subscription to
the Kitchen Garden.
Will you please tell me what is considered the best
method of teaching the words of tho songs?
When your class met in one large room did you
subdivide into smaller classes in tho same room, and
have you ever admitted a class of boys?
My great desire is how best to adapt Miss Hunt-
ington's manual to a class of 100 children of all ages.
As I understand that your teachers are all non-pro-
fessionals, I feel free to compare experiences, though
mine is much more' limited than yours.
With the assistance of some other ladies last win-
ter wo organized a kitchen school. As an experi-
ment it was quite successful, but I am anxious, of
course, to do better work, and am very glad of sug-
gestions from any one. Our work is connected with the
Calvary Church, and wo have tho use of the chapel.
The rooms are very good, but they have to be used for
different purposes every day of tho week. Tho chil-
dren assemble in our upper room, remove their outer
garments, and aro inspected as to their cleanliness.
They then march down into a large lower room where
tho lessons are given. Although we had the toys,
I relied mainly upon real things to illustrate tho les-
sons. We havo a table outfit, and tho lessons on
bed-making wcro given with a large bed set up for
the occasion in tho middlo of tho room, etc. If as
much interest is shown this winter as last, I hope to
introduco tho cooking school. Hoping I have not
trespassed on your time,
I am, sincerely, yours,
Mrs. Fannie E. Barnes.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
23
New York, January 12, 1887.
To the Editor of the Kitchen Garden:
In Schermerhorn's store in this city, a few days
since, a copy of your paper was given to me.
I was much pleased, and read with great interest
the reports of "Kitchen Garden" and "Cooking
Schools." As you invite reports from other schools,
1 thought I would write and tell you about my Cook-
ing Class.
I havo been teaching this winter a class in one of
the "Industrial Schools" over which I have super-
vision. I became convinced that this was one of the
best and most practical ways of helping the poor, and
last summer took two courses of lessons at the " In-
dustrial Association" in that city that I might be com-
petent to introduce cooking in our own school.
The school is located on the east side of the city,
and nearly all our pupils are German—often coming to
us as soon as they land here, without knowing a word
of English. The parents are very poor, but gener-
ally industrious and frugal, living in small rooms in
crowded tenement houses. The children are quite
young, the eldest from 9 to 11 years of age—too young
to go to service. Our idea was to teach theso little girls
to cook plain, cheap and wholesome food in their own
homes, and prepare comfortable meals for their par-
ents who go out to work. Where the mother is
obliged to go out for the day, she has little time to
cook in the morning before she goes to her work—
and, in many families, the meal which must strengthen
tbcm for tho day's labor is simply bread and coffee.
No doubt many a man goes out to a saloon in the
evening who would not if he found a good, warm
supper, nicely cooked, waiting for him when he re-
turned home weary and hungry after the day's toil.
As our object was to teach " Home Work," we were
met at once with the difficulty of finding suitable
recipes for cheap and wholesome dishes. Several
things were to be considered:
Wo must take such articles of food as these poor
people could afford to buy; we must'use as few eggs
and as little butter as possible; we must choose the
cheapest pieces of meat; and we must consider the
subject of fuel, which is very important, as many buy
their coal by the pailful and can not allow much ex-
tra for cooking.
We have taught a courso of ten lessons, and havo
arranged many of our recipes, experimenting to see
how cheaply we could prepare the food and have it
good. Wo have made it a practice, also, to take two
little girls each time with us to market,showing them
what we buy and telling them the prices, afterward
giving the same information to the class.
We commenced with a class of 10, but have been
obliged to increase it, and now we number 15—12 girls
and 3 boys. Our principal said to us: "Some of the
boys are so anxious to come in the class, for they say
they hare to cook the meals when their mothers go out
to work." So we have taken them in; but we think
that 10 or 12 are as many as should be in a class.
Our lessons are given Friday afternoons, and the
teacher says: "The children will not go homo at re-
cess for fear you will come before they can get back."
We take usually only three dishes for a lesson, as we
think that is as much as such little cooks ought to
take. In giving " Oat-meal and Indian-meal Mush,"
after teaching how to cook it, we have given each
pupil enough meal to prepare the rule twice at
home, so that, if the first time should prove a failure,
they could try again.
Many poor mothers say, when offered oat-meal, that
their children will not eat it. We are satisfied that
the reason is because it is not cooked properly, and
we propose to teach the children how this important
article of food should be cooked. Before Thanksgiv-
ing we gavo in the lesson "Corn-starch Pudding,"
made with one egg, which they said was "like ice-
cream." After cooking it three times in the class,
each little one was given one egg, vanilla, and corn-
starch enough to make the rule, and was told to pre-
pare it for their "Thanksgiving-dinner."
All reported favorably except one, who said she
made a mistake and made it with water instead of
milk.
Cranberries, which are not on our bills of fare, were
cooked before Christmas, and on that day each took
a cupful to her mother, as a Christmas present, as
somo of her own work in the class. These were so
cooked in eight minutes that they would turn in
beautiful little mold.
Our dishes are very plain and sensible, such as
creamed cod-fish on toast, lamb stew with rice, baked
pork and beans, liver and bacon, corned-beef hash,
etc., and one lesson of simple dishes for the sick.
Ono teacher from the school assists at the lesson,
enjoys it very much, and thinks cooking is one of the
"fine arts."
Tho next day, while the lesson is fresh in her mind,
she gives it to another class. The mothers are de-
lighted, and one German mother came to us on Christ-
mas day and said: "My girl she feel so bad 'cause
she do n't come in dat' Cookin ' Class.' I was sick two
day and she must stay home, and now the class is full
and she can't come in, and she feel so bad she cry.
I wish she come in dat ' Cookin' Class.'" We asked
the age of the child, and she said: "Nine year, and


24
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
she big girlj too." We told her she might come in
the class and we would teach her to bo a nice little
cook, so that she could get the meiils when her mother
went out to wash. The sparkling eyes, and the
hearty "Thank you, madam," showed very plainly
how much these poor women appreciate our efforts to
make their children helpful at home.
When the food is cooked, two little girls set the ta-
ble, two take little waiters for waiting, all gather
round the table, the simple grace that is said over the
daily lunch of bread is repeated, and then comes real
enjoyment. It is to them a regular picnic.
The lessons are so arranged that each makes a
meal, either a breakfast or dinner, and the simple
dessert is a great treat. We have two or three pretty
cooking songs that we sing when obliged to wait for
something to be done.
We have cooking-caps, and each little girl has a
holder fastened with a pink tape and a safety pin to
the right side. Our stock of cooking utensils in the
"Boston Cooking School" would be very unpreten-
tious, but it answers for us nicely.
We have givon a lengthy report, but we are so en-
thusiastic in this work that we could say much more.
We believe that a vast amount of good can be done
to the very poor through these cooking classes. In-
deed, with an earnest Christian, there is hardly a
limit. The teacher is brought very near to the pu-
pils, can learn much of their home life, and suggest
many things that would make these homos more
bright and pleasant.
To supplement these lessons by visits to the moth-
ers would be a grand missionary work.
We have plans for the future for one class which we
think will make our little cooks very happy.
Hoping we have not wearied you, we are
Yours sincerely, Mas. J. B. Romer,
Home Industrial School, No. 6,
125 Allen St., New York City.
"SLOYD."
"Sloyd" is a Scandinavian word used to designate
a system of education which is becoming popular in
Sweden and some other European countries, and
which aims at establishing handicraft aa ono of tho
subjects generally taught in schools. The promoters
of the Sloyd movement propose that all children in
board schools should he instructed in such industries
as modeling, wood-carving, joinery, locksmith's work,
etc., so that they may acquire manual skill and taste
for domestic work, and be enabled to beautify their
homes at little expense. It would prepare the children
of the lower classes for every kind of mechanical work,
and form an agreeable relaxation to the mental labor
required of young men at the universities. It would,
moreover, its advocates argue, create among all classes
a respect for work and those that work, thus doing
much to abolish class distinctions of all kincls.
Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland are the
pioneers of this new branch of education. The kin-
dergarten system of Froebel may be regarded as the
precursor of the Sloyd movement; but Uno Cyggnans,
the head superintendent of the board schools of Fin-
land, was the first to introduce handicraft as a branch
of education into the schools under his caro. Swe-
den, however, has done most for the movement, the
Sloyd Seminary at Naas, near Gothenburg, having
been the training college for all the Sloyd teachers in
the north. Stockholm is not far behind in the work,
and the new branch of education is about to be intro-
duced in the high schools there. At Gothenburg,
unfortunately, every thing is done on the principle of
division of labor, so that the profit arising from the
work may be increased. Consequently, the children
are obliged to work at school much in the same way
as they would at a factory.
But in the same town of Gothenburg an ideal
school has, nevertheless, been founded. This school,
which is free from the mistakes and shortcomings of
tho official establishments, was opened by a Miss Eva
Rhodes. She gave up her situation as governess,
learnt wood-carving and joinery, refused all assistance
from tho Gothenburgers, and opened a school for
children between the ages of four and ten. The
school soon became famous. It is divided into three
departments: 1. A Sloyd class for children between
the ages of four and six; 2, three classes preparatory
to the official board schools, where children get the
usual elementary knowledge, besides their exercise
in handicraft; 3, a Sloyd class for such as have no
other opportunity to learn wood-cutting, turning, and
joinery. Miss Rhodes says that the good effect of the
lessons are—first, a satisfaction of the tendency of
every child to exercise its hands; secondly, the rous-
ing of an interest and love for work; thirdly, the in-
culcation of habits of diligence, attention, and order;
fourthly, the development of self confidence; and
fifthly, a general training of the eye and strengthen-
ing of the body.
Next year a seminary is to be opened at Leipzig,
under the direction of Dr. Goltze, which it is antici-
pated will become the Sloyd University for the future
generation of German schoolmasters. During the
first ycarstudents are to be instructed only in joinery,
cardboard work, and wood cutting. The school will
pay all the necessary expenses, but a sum of £2 15s.
will bo required of each student as a fee for his les-
eons and the raw material he uses.


26
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
Westendorf, Mrs. William Adae, Miss Holabird, Mrs.
L. C. Weir, Mr. Van Loo, Mrs. Netter, Master and
the Misses Netter, Mrs. Henry Fecheimer, Miss
Elizabeth Goepper, Mrs. Herman Goepper, the Misses
Laws, Miss Clara Fletcher, Mrs. Julius Hargrave,and
Mrs. Wm. H. Kenyon.
THE COOKING CLASS OF THE CINCINNATI
KITCHEN GARDEN.
After the completion, on February 5th, of the
course of twelve lessons given to the cooking class
by Miss Dodge, she was obliged to leave the city for
a time to fulfill engagements in other parts of Ohio.
As we did not wish the lessons to stop during Miss
Dodge's absence the work of the class was carried on
under the direction of the teacher, who had the priv-
ilege of watching the lessons given by Miss Dodge.
The girls who had been in the class from the begin-
ning of the year were retained through the rest of
February and through March, that they might have
the advantage of additional practice in repeating the
rocipes already given them, or in working out other
simplo ones.
On the first of April the class was changed, the
original girls being replaced by twelve others taken
from the other rooms. These girls had two lessons
before Miss Dodge's return and are to have the advan-
tage of a course of six lessons from her before the
close of the school. As most of the recipes used dur-
ing the interval were those given by Miss Dodge in
the first course of lessons, and as they have all been
printed in the Kitchen Garden thoy will not be re-
peated here. All other recipes used will be given,
since they may be of use in other schools. For a few
of them we are indebted to Mrs. Bomer's "Lesson
Cards," which we found very suggestive and useful.
The following is the programme of the lessons givon
during Miss Dodge's absence:
February 12.
Omelet, chocolate, baking powder biscuits, potato
soup.
February 19.
Baked fish, mashed potatoes, cold slaw, Graham
gems.
February 26.
Steak, Lyonnaise potacoes, baking power biscuits,
coffee.
March 5.
Hash, cold slaw, cookies, chocolate.
MARch 12.
Mock bisque soup, pork and beans, corn meal gems,
parsnip fritters.
March 19.
Lamb stew with rice, corn meal griddle cakes,
Dutch apple cake with lemon sauce.
March 26.
Creamed codfish on toast, fried potatoes, baking
powder biscuits, rice pudding.
April 1.
Lamb stew with rice, Graham gems.
April 9.
Fried liver and bacon, mashed potatoes, baking
powder biscuits.
The following are the recipes used besides those
given by Miss Dodge:
Pork and Beans.
Soak a quart of navy beans overnight. The next
day boil them for fifteen minutes; drain off the water,
cover them again with fresh boiling water and add
one-half pound of salt pork; boil thebeansuntil tender
—for about two hours—and then put them in a baking
dish, with the pork in the center, and bake for one
hour.
Corn Meal Gems.
Scald three cups of corn meal with half cup of
boiling water; add one teaspoonful of salt, one table-
spoonful of sugar, one tablespoonful of butter, two
cups of milk, two well-beaten eggs, and two teaspoon-
fuls of baking powder. Bake for from fifteen to
twenty minutes in hot, buttered gem pans in a hot
oven.
Lamb Stew with Eice.
Two pounds of breast of lamb, cut small; eight
small potatoes; one tablespoonful of flour; one cup
of rice; two teaspoonfuls of salt; one saltspoonful of
pepper; one onion. Put the meat in the stew-pan
and cover with cold water. While the meat is cook-
ing pare the potatoes; when the meat is nearly ten-
der put boiling water over the potatoes and cook for
five minutes; then drain off the water and add the
potatoes to the stew. Now add the onion chopped
fine, the salt and pepper, and cook until the meat and
potatoes are tender. Put the meat and potatoes on
a warm platter, leaving the gravy in the stew-pan to
be thickened. Stir a heaping tablespoonful of flour
into a little cold water till smooth and free from lumps,
and then stir it into the gravy and let it boil a few
minutes. Pour it over the stew, and put, at little


THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 27
distances around the edge of the platter, tablespoon-
fule of rice which has been boiled tender.
Corn Meal Griddle Cakes.
Mix togethor one pint of corn meal, two table-
spoonfuls of flour, one teaspoonful of salt, two well-
beaten eggs, and one and one-half teaspoonfuls of
baking powder; add enough milk to make a thin
batter, and bake on a hot griddle.
Creamed Codfish on Toast.
One pint of shredded codfish ; one tablespoonful of
flour; one pint of milk; one tablespoonful of butter.
Wash thoroughly and shred into small pieces a pint
of salt codfish. Put it over the fire in a stew-pan in
about a quart of cold water; let it come to a boil and
cook fifteen minutes. Drain off the water and pour
on the milk, allowing it to cook about five minutes,
and add the butter. Thicken with a tablespoonful of
flour stirred in a little cold milk. Toast two slices of
bread a golden brow,n,quarter them and lay them on
the bottom of an oval platter. Pour the fish over the
toast, and sift a little pepper over the top. A beaten
egg mixed with a little cold milk and cooked with the
fish is an improvement.*
Fried Potatoes.
Cut cold, boiled potatoes in small cubes. Have a
frying-pan hot, and put in a little butter, dripping
or what is better, fry a slice of salt pork and leave the
fat in the pan. Put in the potatoes, fry them brown,
stirring them while cooking. Season with salt and
pepper, and serve on a hot dish.
Bice Pudding.
Half cup of rice; half cup of sugar; one quart of
milk; one saltspoonful of salt; a little grated nutmeg.
Wash the rice thoroughly. Mix together in a baking
dish all the ingredients mentioned, and set the dish
on the back of the stove for half an hour. Then set
it in the oven and bake for about two hours, slowly
at first, till the rice has softened and thickened the
milk; then let it brown slightly. If made rightly it
is creamy and delicious.
Fried Liver and Bacon.
One pound of beef liver sliced; half pound of sliced
bacon. Wash the liver quickly in cold water, drying
it with a meat-cloth. Take each slice, sprinkle with
salt and pepper on each side, and dredge with a little
flour. Have the frying-pan hot and fry slightly the
slices of bacon on both sides. Take them out on the
hot platter, and put in the slices of liver, and fry
them in the hot gravy, turning them several times.
When well done, put the liver in the center of the
platter, and arrange the slices of bacon around the
edge. Add a little boiling water to the gravy, thicken
it with a little flour stirred in some cold water. Let
it boil up well, and then pour it over the dish.
Since Miss Dodge's return two of the lessons in the
promised course of six have been given.
On April 23d the dishes prepared were: Boast
beef, creamed potatoes, cold slaw, muffins, coffee.
On April 30th: Broiled steak, spinach, Vienna
bread, scrambled eggs.
For such of these dishes as were prepared during
the first course of lessons, the recipes have already
been given; for the others, the uecipes will be found
below.
Creamed Potatoes.
Cut cold boiled potatoes into cubes measuring one-
third of an inch, or into thin slices. Put them in a
small shallow pan, cover with milk, and cook until
the potatoes have absorbed nearly all the milk. To
one pint of potatoes add one tablespoonful of butter,
one-half teaspoonful of salt, one-half saltspoonful of
of pepper, and a little chopped parsley.
Muffins.
One egg; two tablespoon fuis of butter; one-quar-
ter teaspoonful of salt; one-half cup of milk; one-
half cup of cold water, and two cups of flour. Mix in
the order named, and bake in a hot oven for ten or
fifteen minutes.
Spinach.
Pick over, trim off the roots and decayed leaves;
wash thoroughly, lifting the spinach from one pan of
water into another that the sand may be left in the
water, and changing the water until it is clear. Put
the spinach in a large kettle without water. Place it
on the stove where it will cook slowly until the juice
is drawn out; then boil until tender; drain and chop
fine. For one-half peck of spinach, add one large
tablespoonful of butter; one-half teaspoonful of salt;
one-quarter saltspoonful of pepper, or add a little
cream sauce. Heat again and serve on toast. Gar-
nish with hard-boiled eggs and toast points, or serve
cold with French dressing.
Scrambled Eggs.
Beat four eggs slightly; add one-half teaspoonful
of salt; one half saltspoonful of pepper, and one-half
cup of milk. Turn into » hot buttered omelet pan
and cook quickly until the egg is firm but soft. Serve
on toast or with hot minced ham or veal.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
29
prices, and 8150 covered the entire cost of fitting up
our kitchen. •
The school opened the 4th of October,'with four pay
classes already formed, and instruction was given the
first week to twenty-four pupils.
A seventh class was opened on Wednesday even-
ings, with a nominal charge of twenty-five cents per
lesson, a sum which about covered the cost of mate-
rials and fire. Nine girls in domestic service, imme-
diately availed themselves of this opportunity to learn
good cooking, and the success of the class has been
most gratifying. •
To avoid perpetual solicitations and at the same
time provide an assured income for the school, it was
decided to follow the example of the Manual Training
School, and to establish a system of scholarships, so
that every pupil might feel that if not able to pay her
own tuition some one was paying for her.
Class scholarships, entitling six girls to a thorough
course of instruction, were placed at §50. Single
scholarships at §10.
Mr. Hatch, of E. I. Baldwin, Hatch & Co., took two
class scholarships and presented one of them to the
young ladies employed in his store. An evening class
was formed for their benefit, and has met regularly
throughout the term. The young ladies paying the
cost of the materials used, have come to the school
every Saturday evening and cooked their own supper
under the immediate direction of Miss Wiggin.
A similar class on a scholarship from Mr. South-
worth has been given instruction every Friday even-
ing.
Meanwhile a petition was sent to the Board of Ed-
ucation, asking permission to take children from the
Rockwell street public school. It was granted, and
thanks to the cordial co-operation of the superintend-
ent, Mrs. Hard, and her teachers, two classes were
formed and have been most regular in their attend-
ance.
These children's classes have been absolutely free,
even their note-books, and of course their materials,
being furnished them. They are taught personal
neatness, the care of the fire, table-setting and dish-
washing, as well as the art of cooking and a wise
economy.
Each lesson includes the preparation and serving
of three or more dishes. In all the classes the method
of teaching is the same. Tho pupils first seat them-
selves at tho center table with their note books and
pencils, while Miss Wiggin dictates the recipes for
the dishes that are to bo prepared. Each scholar is
then assigned her work, two or more often assisting in
the making of one dish, and with a surprising absence
of confusion the pupils find their materials on the side
table and go to work. When the dinner is nearly
cooked two of the children are appointed to'set the
table, another acts as waitress, and two others wash
up the dishes, so by a rotation of work all the im-
portant items of plain living are taught.
In tho remaining five classes each'pupil pays §10
for twenty lessons and the cost of materials used.
The general method of teaching is the same, but a
servant is in attendance to wash dishes, etc. АЦ
classes are limited to. eight regular pupils. A 1 argel
number would crowd the kitchen and render the per-
sonal direction of the teacher impossible.
The success of our school has been remarkable, all
the classes have been well attended, and we have at
present scventy-eight (78) regular pupils enrolled.
Thirty-three of them are in tho full pay classes. So
that our income from tuition fees for the first term is
§330.
The cost of maintaining the school is larger than
would be supposed. The teacher's salary, gas and
coal bills, marketing, house rent, and incidental ex-
penses,- amount to considerable over a thousand dol-
lars for our year's work—but the work is worth doing
at even greater^post. Enough children in the one
public school are anxious to attend our classes to oc-
cupy the entire time of one teacher. Self-supporting
girls, able to pay for materials used, would crowd our
evening classes could we have them every evening of
the week. Already we are training an assistant
teacher, and one or more classes from the Kitchen
Garden will be started this term.
One demonstrative lesson has already been given to
an audience of twenty-five, and others will follow later
in the year. Many ladies are attracted by a single
lesson, who are unable to attend a complete course.
It is hoped by giving lectures on cookery for the sick,
and on special and dainty dishes, to create a more
general interest in the school.
Hoping that this account of our work may prove
of interest to the readers of The Kitchen Garden,
and possibly encourage the establishment of similar
schools in other cities, I subscribe myself,
Very sincerely,
Elizabeth Billings, Supt. Cooking Dept.
Cleveland Domestic 'Training School.
Cleveland, Ohio, January 3, 1887.
The Kitchen Gardens of the Bethany Mission
Chapel, Walnut Hills, of the Ninth Street Baptist
Church in the city, and of the Baptist Church of
Mt. Auburn, all closed the first Saturday in May,
with most interesting exercises.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
31
same lesson in cooking given. The rest of the class
are given bed-room, dining-room. parlor, and bath-
room work. One girl is appointed to wait on the
door daring the morning. The class being alter-
nated every two weeks givi» each one an opportunity
to have instruction in the different kinds of work.
We have the use of a furnished house Saturdays.
As our space is limited we have to limit the number
in the class. Wo hope next year to have apart-
ments where we shall not have to limit the num-
ber. This class we shall train for three months.
Each girl has a blank book and pencil to write the
receipts, so that she may try them at home. The
ambition and desire shown by most of them to learn,
and the earnest attention bestowed upon the lessons
as they are given, are very encouraging signs. Each
girl is given a text card at the end of the lesson, and
at the end of the term a prize will be given for
promptness and neatness. The texts run like this:
"Be Quick and Be Quiet," "Bright Booms and
Bright Faces."
We have furnished girls to wait on the door and
assist in the cloak room at afternoon teas and lunches.
Very pleasant г-eports come to us from the ladies who
gave the entertainments as to how well the girls did
their work, which gives us renewed confidence in the
results of K. G. training. H. С. M.
Eau Claire, Wis., March 30, 1887.
Your letter was a great pleasure to me, besides
being an inspiration for a new field of work. I no-
tice with encouragement that the-ladies here are now
ready to begin the Kitchen Garden, taking it in.con-
nection with an industrial school. I inclose a postal
note for §1.50, which I understand is the price of
your magazines for three years. Will you kindly
send me the numbers?
If there are any other books which you think
would be helpful in organizing a Kitchen Garden
will you tell me, please, about them.
.YQurs very sincerely, I. M. S.
Shady Ave.. Pittsburg, Penn., April 18, 1887.
I am extremely sorry 1 have never even acknowl-
edged the long letter you wrote me in regarcl to the
Kitchen Garden. My only excuse is that I have
had all the planning to do, and this in addition to the
cares of my own household has entirely absorbed my
time.
I inclose the notes I had for our class last Thurs-
day, as you may be able to judge from that what we
have tried to do. We had eight full classes. They
looked very nicely as they camo in, all with clean
white aprons and white sweeping-caps, which we
provide and keep. They did verj' well, too, going
through the whole in an hour and a half.
1 mean to make every effort to visit your school
before taking up the work another season.
Sincerely yours, F. E. B.
Pittsburg, April 14, 1887.
SERVICE.
Hymn—"Jesus, meek and gentle."
CREED, PRAYER.
Sing—"Come away."
Explain that we have had in all thirteen meet-
ings—ten with regular lessons, two for exami-
nation, and the last for the ''treat."
The lessons have been on Fires, Table-setting, Wait-
ing on Table, Clearing the Table, Washing Dishes,
Care of Lamps, Washing and Ironing, Sweeping
and Dusting, Cleaning and Bed-making.
Sing—" When we are very little."
fires.
1. When is the proper time to gather kindling?
2. Give rule for kindling.
3. What are we to remember when taking up ashes?
4. How should a fire be made?
5. Of what are matches made?i
6. When should matches be struck?
7. What should never be used around a fire?
Sing—"Raiso your hands if they are clean."
Call attention to the table as set by some of the
girls. This is a simple breakfast table. We
hope the girls in their own homes, if they can
not even have a table-clot'n, will have the table
clean, tho knives and forks according to rule,
and flowers in the middle whenever they can.
Six guides march to places and sit at table; girl to
wait take her place.
questions on waiting.
1. What must a good waitress be?
2. At which side must she pass things?
All right side girls march for table-boards, and
make circle around large table.
Sing—"We're little waiting girls."
Little girl pass glass of water.
March to seats.
clearing the table.
Speak of what they have been taught, viz: To put
the chairs back; brush up tho floor around tho


32
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
table at once; remove all dishes of food; see if
sugar or salt is needed for next meal; carry
away glasses, silver and, cups on tray — then
saucers and plates; lastly, brush the table with
what?
What must be done with the table-cloth?
Sing—" Waste not."
Guides have small table ready with line. Four
girls march for dishpans. Before singing call
attention to the order they have been taught to
wash dishes in.
1. What must we have that dishes may be clean?
2. What is nice to have?
3. When should dishes be wiped?
4. Soap? knives?
Sino—"Washing dishes."
Four girls march for tubs and clothes bags. Ex-
planation of "Washing and Ironing"—lesson
hardest to give, as we could not have actual
washing. Had one girl make starch according
to recipe.
QUESTIONS.
1. What is the order clothes should bo washed in?
2. How long should clothes boil?
3. How do you put in blueing?
4. Give recipe for one quart common starch.
5. How should a shirt be ironed?
6. A table-cloth?
Sing—"Sort the clothes."
Twenty-one march out for jumping ropes.
Sing—Clothes-line song.
Guides bring in table with small bed and bedclothes.
QUESTIONS.
1. What three things necessary for well made
beds—level, square, smooth?
2. How do you put on the under sheet?
3. How do you put on the upper sheet?
4. Why? Where should tho broad hems come?
5. What can you do when blankets are too narrow
to tuck in?
Little girl make bed while the entire class
Sing—Bed-making song.
What is the couplet that helps us to remember that
God cares how wc do house work?
"Who sweeps a room as for God's law
Makes that and the action fine."
broom brigade.
Questions on care of brooms, chords, and drill.
Sing—" Two little girls went sweeping."
Sing—Waiting on the door.
The guides are eight young girls from the church,
who greatly assist me in leading the marches and
numerous other ways. At the close I gave a cup and
saucer to every one of the eighteen who had passed
the best examination.
The "treat" referred to consisted of a small iced
cake and some home-made candies. These were put,
with a pretty paper napkin, into baskets, which the
children carried home. For the twelve who had not
missed a single day, the baskets were square willow
covered work-baskets; for the eighteen who had only
missed once, the baskets were a very pretty shape,
and all the balance had square, cheaper baskets, that
were pretty to keep and useful, too.
Every child went home, too, with at least one choice
flower.
St. Louis, April, 1887.
I have sent you a paper with the account of our
Froebel celebration on the 21st of April. It was a
grand success. We had 4,000 children and 400
teachers from our city Kindergartens present. It
was given under direction of our school board, and
every member was present. We rented the large
Exposition hall, and charged a small admission to pay
expenses.
Can you imagine 4,000 little children all singing
Froebel"s song together? It was lovely!
We have formed a Froebel society, and our public
school library has given us a place on their shelves
where we are to place a Froebel library. Is it not
encouraging? Yours. sincerely, C. B. H.
At ^meeting of the Bo;ird of Education of Cleve-
land- in March, 1887, it was decided to ask the Legis-
lature of Ohio for authority to levy a tax of one-fifth
of a mill to maintain manual training schools in con-
nection with the public schools. After some discus-
sion, the bill was changed to read "manual and do-
mestic training schools." This bill has since been
passed by the legislature.
The Davenport Cooking School, of Davenport,
Iowa, opened Saturday, March 5, 1887, at the Indus-
trial school-room, corner of Main and Sixth streets,
and will continue twelve weeks. It will be con-
ducted by Mrs. A. E. Joy.
COURSE.
Mondays—Bread-making.
Tuesdays—Young housekeepers.
Thursdays—Domestic employes.
Fridays—Housekeepers' advanced course.
Saturdays—Industrial school class.
Terms.—Single lesson, 50 cents; twelve lessons, §5.
For domesties, per lesson, 25 cents.



THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. IV. No. S. CINCINNATI, JULY, 1887. Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN AS- and put the kitchen in good order, under the diree-
SOCIATION. tion of the young lady in charge of the cooking department, who has also assisted the cooking
The Kitchen Garden at 97 East Third street closed teacher,
another season of work on Saturday, May 28. Dur- In the dining-rodm, the class usually spends the
ing the past season cooking, dining-room, bedroom first half of the allotted time in washing windowsi
and laundry work, have all been carried on success- sweeping and dusting, cleaning silver and washing
fully in the large apartments. dishes, when necessary, and arranging the pantry and
Several classes at the small tables use the toys, al- dining-room properly. The second half of the time
ternating with sewing, but as soon as practicable the is devoted exclusively to table work—setting the
girls are promoted into the large rooms. table for breakfast or dinner, as the case may be,
The general arrangement of the school has re- waiting upon it, clearing it, and finally putting things
mained about the same during the last few years, in their places, to be left until the following week.
only with the addition of the various departments as The lessons, at first, are simple, gradually growing
opportunity offered. more complex as the various courses are added, and
The work is carried on Saturday morning, from the meals varied. Visitors to this room are usually
half past nine until one. The teaching, with the ex- invited to partake of an imaginary meal served by
ception of the cooking teacher, is voluntary. The the class, the teacher in charge acting as host or
support is entirely by voluntary subscriptions. hostess.
There is no training-school for teachers connected In the laundry department, the soiled articles are
with the Kitchen Garden, but visitors who wish to gathered from the various rooms, and subjected to
examine the details of the work are always welcome- the processes of washing, rinsing, blueing, starching,
The back numbers of the Kitchen Garden contain etc., and, if the weather permits, are hung in the
very nearly all we can give in the way of informa--yard to dry—if not, the line is stretched in the laun-
tioo, suggestions, or past experiences. dry, and the clothes are dried there. In the adjoin-
The first half hour of the morning is spent in gen- ing room, the clothes washed the preceding week are
eral exercises, in which the whole school, assembled ironed, hung up to air, and, at the close of the morn-
in one large room, participates. Questions are asked ingvs work, folded, and the basketful of clean clothes
in relation to the work carried on in the different carried to the different rooms for each teacher to se-
apartments, also in regard to the work done by the leet her own.
girls at home during the week. Matters of general In the bedroom, attention is given to making a
interest to the girls, and to the school, are discussed; grate fire properly, cleaning the hearth, polishing
the waitress, who is to answer the door-bell for the the fender and door-knobs, sweeping, dusting, wash-
day, is selected, and her duties rehearsed. Several ing windows and mirror, care of wash-stand, arrange-
songe are sung, the roll is called, and the classes then ment of bureau or dressing-ease, making and airing
sent to their various rooms. of bed, arranging the room for night, and the order
The cooking class has occupied the large third-story of the daily and weekly cleaning of the room-
front room. Here the girls have had their recipes After the room is thoroughly cleaned and tastefully
given them; have cooked, under the direction of the arranged, if there is still time before the end of the
cooking-teacher, the various articles of food selected; lesson, the girls put on clean aprons and sit down to
have set a table and served to the class what has been sow. The room at that time of day is usually bright
cooked; and each week a selected number has re- and sunny, and tho girls seem to enjoy very much the
mained after school to wash dishes, clean utensils, pleasant atmosphere. This is done on days when the


.84 THE KITCHI
:n garden.' ' I
lesson is devoted to the daily rather than the weekly
cleaning of the room. /
We have found it a good.plan to have two teachers
for each of the large apartments, if possible. One
can then supplement the work of the other, and also
relieve the other in case one is obliged to be absent.
The work at the small tables, this winter, for which
we have had four, and occasionally five and six
classes, each containing from eight to ten girls, has
been confined principally to the bedroom and dining-
room work, alternating with sewing.
We did not find the laundry lesson with the toys
very satisfactory.
At twelve o'clock the classes, with the exception
of the cooking class, gather again, in the large room,
and. forming a circle, sing and play some of the kin-
dergarten songs and plays, while the luncheon of
milk and rolls is being arranged in another room.
After luncheon the school is dismissed, several girls
remaining each Saturday to put things in order. Ar-
rangements were made with the Free Kindergarten
Association for the use of the Kindergarten rooms
on Saturday, thus giving us more space for work.
A number of girls eagerly availed themselves of an
opportunity given them to remain after school to
bathe, and from four to ten remained each Saturday
that it was found convenient to allow them.
Clothes and shoes, both new and old, have been
distributed during the winter to those who needed
them.
Many of tho mothers have been very appreciative,
and several have offered to scrub and wash for the
school when necessary, in order to repay somewhat.
A closing picnic was held on June 4th, at "Coney
Island." Through the kindness of the Steamboat
River Excursion Company, the Kitchen Garden en-
joyed a most delightful river excursion, leaving the
city at nine o'clock in the morning, and " Coney Isl-
and" at five in the afternoon, reaching the' city at
six. The day was all that could be desired, and the
season ended with none but pleasant recollections on
part of both teachers and pupils.
The following are some of the kind friends to
whom tbe Kitchen Garden is indebted for donations
received during the past two months: Miss Sara But-
ler, Miss Lottie Duhme, Miss Elsie Field, Miss Belle
Fithian, Miss Clara Fletcher, Miss Alice Goepper,
Mr. Edward Goepper, Miss Ilollingshead. Mrs. L. B.
Harrison, Miss Alice Jeffrae, Mrs. H. L. Laws, the
Misses Laws, Mrs. Leach, Miss Belle Pickering, Mrs.
Jos. It. Peebles, Mrs. Reeves, Mrs. W. W. Seeley, Miss
Alma Sattler, Miss Eliza Stewart, Miss Katharine
Westendorf, Mrs. Frank Wilson, Mrs. L. C. Weir.
THE COOKING CLASS OF THE CINCI^ A 'ä
KITCHEN GARDEN.' Г
i
Of the last course of six lessons given by Miss
Dodge, two were described in the last number of this
paper.
That all the girls, who throughout the year were
members of the class, took great interest in the les-
sons,' was proved by the regular and full attendance,
and by the fact that on tho last day several of the
girls were heard to wish ''that the school might be
kept open all summer."
It was found advisable, during this last course of
lessons, to make one change in the plan which was
followed in the first course with regard to the writ-
ing out of the recipes from dictation before the be-
ginning of the lesson. Though many of the girls
could write moderately well if they had an unlim-
ited amount of time for the task, for most of them it
was very slow work, and consumed far too large a
portion of the two hours and a half devoted to the
lesson. Two ladies who use the type-writer kindly
helped us out of the difficulty by" making enough
copies of the recipes for each girl to take one home
and copy it into her own book. After copying them,
the girls were required to return them for the use of
future classes.
The following were the programmes for the last
four lessons; and all recipes not used during the first
course of lessons will be found below:
Lesson III. Bean Soup, Eggs poached in Tomatoes,
Hot Water Gingerbread, Milk Toast.
Lesson IV. Cod-fish Balls, Boiled Rice, Turkish
Pilaf, Tea, Poached Eggs on Toast.
Lesson V. Mush, Eye Muffins, Broiled Tripe,
Macaroni, Lyonnaise Potatoes.
Lesson VI. Asparagus Soup, Baked Fish with
Sauce, Lettuce Salad, Baked Custard.
Bean Soup.
One pint of beans; two quarts of cold water; one
small onion; two teaspoonfuls of salt; two hard-boiled-
eggs ; one saltspoonful of pepper ; one-fourth saltspoon-
ful of cayenne; one saltspoonful of mustard ; one table-
spoonful of flour; two tablespoonfuls of butter; one
lemon.
Soak the beans over night. In the morning pour
off the water, and put them on to boil in two quarts
of cold water. Slice the onion, and fry it in one
tablespoonful of butter; put it with the beans. Add
a bit of celery root if you have it. Simmer until the
beans are soft. Add more cold water as it boils away
—about half a cup every half hour—to check the


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
35
,il(,ng and soften the beans, leaving about two quarts
when done. Rub the beans through a strainer; put
the soup on to boil again, and add the salt, pepper,
and mustard. When boiling, thicken it with the
flour and butter, which have been cooked together;
this will prevent the beans from settling. Season to
taste. Cut the lemon and egg into thin slices; put
them into the tureen, and pour the hot soup over
them. Serve with croutons.
Eggs Poached in Tomatoes.
Stew slowly for ten minutes half a can of tomatoes
and one small onion cut fine. Season highly with
salt and pepper. Break six eggs into a bowl without
beating; and, when every thing else is ready to
serve, slip them into the hot tomatoes. Lift the
white carefully with a fork as it cooks, until it is all
firm; then prick the yolks, and let them mix with
the tomatoes and white. It should be quite sqft, but
with the red tomatoes, the white and the yellow of
the eggs, quite distinct. Serve at once on toast.
Нот Water Gingerbread.
One cup of molasses; one teaspoonful of soda; one
tablespoonful of ginger; one tablespoonful of butter,
melted; one-half teaspoonful of salt; one-half cup of
boiling wcter; two cups of flour. Mix in order
given, apd beat well. Bake in a deep cake pan.
Milk Toast.
One pint of milk, scalded; one tablespoonful of
corn-starch; one large tablespoonful of butter; one-
half teaspoonful of salt; six slices of dry toast.
Scald the milk. Put the butter in a granite sauce-
pan; when melted, add the dry corn-starch; and,
when well mixed, add one-third of the milk. Let it
boil, and stir constantly till it is a smooth paste; add
the remainder of the milk gradually, stirring well;
then add the salt. Put the toast in a hot deep dish;
pour the thickened milk between each slice and over
the whole. Keep the dish over hot water until ready
to serve. If liked very soft, the slices may be first
dipped in hot salted water, or in the hot milk before
it is thickened.
Tea.
The water should be freshly boiled. Scald and
heat the tea-pot, which should be of earthenware or
china, never of tin. Allow one teaspoonful of tea for
one cup of boiling water. Eeduce the proportion of
tea when several cups are required. Put the tea in a
strainer, and pour through it half a cup of boiling
water to cleanse the grounds. Then put the tea in a
tea-pot; pour on the boiling water; cover closely,
and place it where it will keep hot but not boil, for
five minutes.
Poached Eggs on Toast.
Toast a slice of bread for each egg, and trim neatly;
or, cut with a round cutter before toasting. Have a
very clean, shallow pan, nearly full 'of salted and
boiling water. Remove all the scum, and let the
water simmer. Break each egg carefully into a cup,
and slip it gently into the water. Dip the water
over them with a spoon ; and, when a film has formed
on the yolk, and the white is firm, take each up with
a skimmer, drain, trim the edges, and place on the
toast. Put a bit of butter and a little salt and pep-
per on each egg, or make a thin cream sauce and
pour it around them. Put a tablespoonful of lemon
juice in the water, or poach the eggs in muffin-rings
to give them a better shape.
\To be concluded in next number.^
INSTRUCTIONS IN THE CARE OF THE
NURSERY AND ANSWERING THE DOOR-
. BELL.
SIXTH LESSON IN THE CLEVELAND DOMESTIC TRAINING
SCHOOL COURSE.
The Nursery.
The nursery should be a large, airy pleasant room,
and should be situated where the sun may reach it
a greater part of the day. There should be, if possi-
ble, an open fire-place which would assist in keeping
the room ventilated. The walls should be painted,
and very little or no drapery used.
Always air the nursery three or four times a day,
as fresh air aids greatly in keeping the little ones
healthy and bright. A good time to do this would
be while the children are at their meals.
The room, with the exception of the beds, should
be cleaned and put in order as early as possible; then,
after being allowed to air at least an hour, the beds
should be made and every thing arranged neatly.
The Nurse.
The nurse to be fitted for her position should be
fond of children, neat, good-tempered, conscientious,
and gentle. She should have a cheerful face, as chil-
dren will imitate any expression. She should rise
early enough to have the room well heated and every
thing ready for the child's bath. At night the little
one's clothing should be hung where it will air thor-
pughly. If fresh clothing is to be put on in the morn-
ing, it should be aired also. The child's face and
hands should always be washed before meals. Never


36 THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
let a child go to 'the table with a soiled apron or
dress on.
The Bath.
The best time to give a bath is at night, and never
immediately after meals. The child should, after
having a bath, be wrapped in long blankets, given its
supper, then put to bed.
The nurse should wear, while bathing the child, a
large flannel apron.
Sponges after using should be thoroughly rinsed,
wrung as dry as possible and hung in the air. If this
care is taken, the sponges will be fresh and clean.
It is better to give the child its supper alone, as the
evening meal should be light. Every pleasant day
the little one should be taken out a short time at
least. In winter noon is the best time to do this.
Directions for Nurses.
Never take undue responsibility, but be very care-
ful to follow out instructions, especially when the
mistress is absent.
Never give the child food or sweets without direc-
tion, and never go yourself nor take the child to any
house without permission.
Be firm, but gentle and truthful.
Always explain to the child, if possible, why it
should or should not do what it is told.
Never tell a child frightful or fear exciting stories,
do not use slang or coarse expressions, and always
try to speak in low, clear tones. Never punish a
child; leave all discipline to its parents. As soon as
'the child is old enough there should be two beds pro-
vided, as it is better that the little one should sleep
alone. Do not let the child sleep with an old person,
as it will weaken the little one. Never let a child
sit in a draft. If the little one does not seem to feel
well, report at once to its mother. Almost all chil-
dren are subject to croup. If the mother is away, it
is well to know a simple remedy. Goo.se oil is best,
but if you have not this, olive or sweet oil or vaseline
will do. Uso freely, rubbing it thoroughly on chest
and throat, the soles of the feet, and between the eyes.
A small teaspoonful of vaseline taken internally is
an excellent remedy.
Answering the Doorbell.
The most important thing in answering the door-
bell is promptness. Never keep any one waiting a
second longer than is absolutely necessary. If you
have dressed yourself properly in the morning, it
should never take more than a few seconds to prepare
to answer the bell, even if engaged in dirty work
when it rings. Take time to remove a soiled apron,
wash your hands, if necessary, and roll down your
sleeves beforo going to the door. A clean apron
should be kept at hand to put on when necessary.
Take a small tray to the door and receive cards,
notes, etc., upon it.
If, upon going to tho door, you see at once that the
person calling is some friend of the family, open the
door without delay and ask the person to walk in.
When the guest is inside the door he will tell you
whom he wishes to see, and may offer you a card, in
which case present your tray. In any case ask him
into the parlor and request him to be seated.
If ho does not offer you a card, say politely, What
name shall I give?" Having learned the name, pro-
ceed to deliver the message to the person called for.
Return immediately to the parlor and say that the
lady will be in very soon, or give whatever message
she has told you. If the room is dark, open a blind
slightly and leave the room.
If, however, on opening the door, you are at all
doubtful of the business of the caller, quietly hold
the door and wait till the person makes known bis
business.
If he proves to be a peddler or agent of any kind,
do not ask him in, nor leave him standing in tho open
door while you run to ask the lady what you shall
say to him. Merely say: "Please wait outside while
I go to ask the lady ;" then shut the door, nçver slam
it, and go for your instructions.
Do n't speak rudely to any stranger at fche door.
You may be very firm in your refusal to buy, but
speak kindly and politely to all.
Try to learn to distinguish the mail carrier's ring
and answer his summons immediately; he must never
be kept waiting.
Never speak to, bow, or in any way greet a caller
unless you are first greeted by them.
Never read a card given you.
Be careful to remember the name of the caller, and
be sure to roport all calls to the lady of the house.
Never look through the glass in the door to see
who is there before opening it.
Never slam the door the instant a caller is outside,
but wait until he is down the steps before'closing it
soitly.
Answer all questions concerning the persons for
whom the caller inquires, but never give any informa-
tion concerning the other members of the family until
you arc asked. For instance, if the caller asks for
Mrs. Brown and she is not at home, do not tell him
that Miss Brown is in unless she too is asked for.


38 THE KITCH
m garden;
Eau Claire, Wisconsin, June 22, 1887.
To the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association:
Through the kindness of Mrs. I. M. Starr, I have
become acquainted with your valuable paper, and
feel that its kind words of advice, many hints, reci-
pes, and good, sound eense are of great value to me.
Inclosed you'will find §2.00 (express order), for
which you will please send the. bi-monthly to the in-
closed addresses, And oblige,
Mrs. Day.
Toledo, O., June 18, 1887.
The Kitchen Garden:
I mail you a newspaper containing an account ot
our closing exercises, that you may see that, in our
email way, wo are doing a little of the work which
you are conducting so successfully.
In regard to the words of the songs, we tried the
plan mentioned in your March number, but now pre-
fer to have each teacher take five minutes at the close
of the lesson to teach her class the words of some
song. In this way the school soon learns the words
and can quickly siug them to the tune.
Sincerely yours,
P. B.
"A pleasant feature of the annual meeting of the
industrial school was the exhibition of the Kitchen
Garden method of teaching housework, introduced
by the manager about a year ago.
The sunny dining roorn in the basement was the
scene of operations, and twelve little girls, from eight
to fifteen years of age, arrayed in snowy caps and
aprons, were the actors. In the absonce from the city
of the superintendent, Miss Pamela Berdan, her able
assistants, Miss Maria Waite and Miss Olive Pratt,
arranged the exhibitions. Under their direction the
girls spread miniature breakfast tables in the most
approved manner, and put sheets, blankets, etc., on
the little beds with a careful attention to broad hem
and narrow hem, wrong side and right side, that de-
lighted the housekeepers present, who were invited
to inspect the work when finished.
Many songs, illustrating the different processes,
were sung as the little hands worked, and the chil-
dren say that they often sing them over again to their
mothers at homo. A little leaven which may aid in
leavening the whole lump.
Beside the lessons given, fire-making, sweeping and
dusting, washing, and, in fact, all sorts of housework
but cooking are taught in tho same way, some of the
instruction, as the proper method of waiting on the
door, taking the form of games, which the children
delight in.
About two months ago one of tho lady managers
offered each child a doll as a reward of good conduct.
and the girls strove hard to be good, that they might
not lose the coveted treasure. Some of the older
girls who, one would think had outgrown such play-
things, were as eager as the younger ones, fio», as one
of them said: "I never had a doll in my life, and I
want it more than any thing in this world." These
rewards were given out at the conclusion of the exer-
cises, and those who witnessed the afternoon drill
thought that they were well merited."—The Toledo
Journal.
The most important of the new features of the New
York Industrial Education Association is the establish-
ment of a college for the training of teachers. This
will opon in September, and a circular of information
has already been issued. This college will aim event-
ual ly to become a professional school for teachers, not
a mere normal school in which education and prepa-
ration for teachinggo hand in hand, but a professional
school in the sense that a law-school or a medical
college is a professional school. As the law-school
has its moot courts and tho medical school its dissect-
ing-room, to combine practice with theory, so this
college will have its model school.
In this. model school the training which the associa-
tion advocates will be given—here the new system,
which combines the old and the new, will be taught—
and the association hopes to have in it a strong con-
firmation of the belief which it strives to propagate.
Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, of Columbia, has been
elected president of the college, and will also hold
the professorship of the history and institutes of edu-
cation. The other positions on the faculty are being
rapidly filled, and that professional school which all
live teachers have long hoped for will soon open its
doors to properly qualified applicants. The college
building, No. University Place, contains a large lec-
ture hall, in which a series of free lectures will be
given. Monographs on educational topies will also
be issued from time to time, and several have been
already arranged for.
The statement of principles which the Industrial
Education Association issued recently is a most ex-
cellent pedagogic creed. It should be carefully pe-
rused by every teacher. The substance of it is as
follows:
The association holds—
1. That the complete development of all the facul-
ties can be reached only through a system of educa-
tion which combines the training found in the usual
course of study with the elements of manual training.


40
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
who had been trained in a German kindergarten.
Studying the subject as best she could with the moans
at hand, she soon opened a room on Pinckney street,
Boston, for kindergarten instruction. Finding diffi-
culties constantly arising from want of trained teach-
ers, in 1867 she wcnt to Europe, and after spending
much time in tho school conducted on the Froebel
system in that country, she returned, bringing with
her Madam Kriege and her daughter, Alma, the most
thoroughly trained kindergarteners to be found
abroad, and allowing them to select their own assist-
ants, real kindergarten work was at once commenced
at 132 Charles street, where small children were ini-
tiated into the new method of development, and a
normal class of adults was instructed in the full
course required to carry out tho plans of the great
educator, Frederic Froebel.
At that time there was no kindergarten material
made in America, and every ball, block, and piece of
cut paper for their use had to be imported, as the
system of instruction needed material exactly adapted
to its use. The blocks were very ill-looking boxes,
and much of the paper got more or less damaged be-
fore it reached the consumer. Madam Kriege, find-
ing her work impeded by the lack of material, im-
ported a machine for cutting the weaving papers.
This machiile was worked by hand-power, cutting
about one gross per day. At the same time she ap-
plied to a school-furnishing house in Boston, and of-
fered to instruct the proprietor and furnish samples
of balls, blocks, and material required in the work,
if he would manufacture tho iroods suitable for her
work; and a local carpenter, who had the reputation
of being a very exact workman, was employed to
manufaclure the gifts; and for more than two years tho
American material was thus manufactured by hand.
A little incident, worthy of note, which illustrates tho
results of the system on the perceptive faculties of an
early age, occurred with the first bome-manufactured
material. On putting tho cubes and squares before
some little four year old children, they at once raised
their hands and said: "These are not just right, Miss
Kriege." The goods were returned, and the carpen-
ter was called, and although the difference was too
small to register on his rule, yet he was able to dis-
cover thnt their keen sight and method of compari-
son had discovered what his years of experience as a
mechanic had failed to notice. This defect was rem-
edied in future lots, and thus the little kindergarten-
ers instructed a mechanic whose years covered nearly
half a century. Four hundred dollars would then
have furnished a year's stock of kindergarten mate-
rial for the whole country, and now with several
manufacturers engaged in this work, one 'eoncern
turns out over §13,000 worth annually. This gives
a little idea of the increasing demand for material
which is now made by machinery adapted to the
work. One other fact needs to be mentioned, and
that is, the reduction of fifty per cent on the price of
material, since steam power and machinery have been .
employed in its manufacture, so that the real increase
in material used will be found by comparing §400 in
1868 with double the cost of that manufactured in
1884.
It was not, however, until 1873 (five years after
Madam Kriege's establishment in Boston) that the
system had attained a sufficient hold upon the public
of this country to have a record among the educa-
tional institutions at the National Bureau in AVash-
ington, and then only forty-two kindergartens were
on record in the commissioner's report. In 1874 they
had increased to fifty-five, with 125 teachers, and an
attendance of 1,636 children. The increase has been
steady from that time to the present, and in 1882 the
number had reached 348 kindergartens, 814 teachers,
and an attendance of 16,916, which is the latest na-
tional report at hand.
The system being based on the principle of devel-
oping the best powers and faculties of each individ-
ual child. can not fail to meet the approval of the best
educators, and can not fail to increase in favor in
every intelligent community, in proportion to the
knowledge gained, of the great plan as developed by
Froebel.—Ledyard.
The Cleveland Froebel Society will be organized
at the Board of Education rooms on Saturday, June
11th, the board having granted the use of the rooms
for this purpose on the second Saturday of each
month. The organization will be upon the basis of
the Cincinnati Froebel Society, and its object will be
to afford an opportunity of studying the Froebel system
of kindergarten teaching, and bring the samo to the
attention of a larger number of people than can be
reached through the regular schools that aro now in
operation in the city. A number of teachers in the
public schools have expressed a desire to become ac-
quainted with the kindergarten methods and will take
a part in this society. The domestic training school
and other organizations of like character in the city
are the promoters of the society.—Cleveland Plain
dealer, June 7, 1887.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN
VOL. IV. No. 6. CINCINNATI, SEPTEMBER, 1887. Price, lO Cents
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSO-
CIATION.
During the summer months the Kitchen Garden
rooms, at 97 East Third street, have been opened on
Wednesday afternoons, and tho children have
gathered again to enjoy the pleasant vacation times
which have given them so much pleasure during tho
past two summers. Owing to various circumstances
it was found impossible to have tho meetings occur as
regularly as heretofore, to the great regret of the
children who often came, notwithstanding they had
been notified when the rooms would be closed, in the
vain hope that they had been mistaken, and would
surely find the doors open after all.
An assortment of dishes, utensils, toys, etc.. used in
the Kitchen Garden was sent at the close of school in
June to .the Colored Church on Park avenue, Walnut
Hills, where a Kitchen Garden was started by Miss
Sallie Butler and held weekly during the summer
months. An account of this work will be given in
next number of the Kitchen Garden.
It has been found necessary to make a change in lo-
cation for the coming season, and the Kitchen Garden
will be moved from its present quarters at 97 East
Third street to 121 East Third street, near Lawrence.
The South, or Gibson Free Kindergarten, will
also remove to the same place, where, it is hoped, tho
same harmonious and pleasant relations as at present
exist between tho Kindergarten and Kitchen Garden
will bo retained.
The Kitchen Gardon will re-open tho first Saturday
in October.
[Concludedfrom last number."]
THE COOKING CLASS OF THE CINCINNATI
KITCHEN GAEDEN.
Indian Meal Mush.
One cup corn-meal; one-half teaspoonful salt; one
cup cold milk; one pint boiling water. Mix the
meal and salt with cold milk. Stir this gradually
into boiling water. Cook half an hour in a doublo
boiler, stirring often.
Rye Muffins.
One cup rye flour, or sifted rye meal; one-fourth
cup sugar; one-half teaspoonful salt; two teaspoon-
fuis baking-powder; one cup whilo flour; one egg;
one cup milk. Mix the ryo, sugar, salt, flour, and
baking-powder thoroughly. Beat the egg, add the
milk, and stir quickly into tho dry mixture. Bake
in hot gem or muffin pans twenty-five minutes.
Broiled Tripe.
Boil the tripo twenty minutes; dry it, spread with
soft butter, salt, and pepper, and broil until brown.
Macaroni.
Break one-fourth pound of macaroni into inch
pieces, and put it into three pints of boiling, salted
water. Biol twenty minutes, or until soft. Drain in
a colander, and pour cold water through it to cleanse
it and keep it from sticking. Put it into a shallow
baking-dish, and cover with a white sauce, made by
cooking together one and a half cups of hot milk,
one tablospoonful of butter, one tablespoonful of flour,
and one-half teaspoonful of salt. Mix two-thirds of
a cup of fine cracker crumbs with one-third of a cup
of melted butter, and sprinkle over the top. Bake
till tho crumbs are brown.
Asparagus Soup.
Wash two bunches of asparagus; cut it into inch
pieces, and put it into one pint of boiling, salted
water. When soft, rub it through a colander, and
put it on to boil again. Cook one tablespoonful of
chopped onion in one tablespoonful of butter; add
one tablespoonful of dry flour; slir well, and then
add one pint of hot milk. Season with one-half tea-
spoonful of salt and one-half saltspoonful of pepper;
add the asparagus.
Baked Fish with Sauce.
Have three or four pounds of halibut. Dip the
dark skin in boiling water, and scrapo clean. Rub
well with salt and pepper. Put it into a shallow pan,
and cover with milk until one-half inch docp. Bake


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
43
normal class, and wrote to Miss Emily Huntington,
the originator of the Kitchen Garden system, request-
ing her assistance. Miss Huntington sent Miss Torry
to Chicago, and the teaching of this normal class by
her can be said to be the true beginning of tho Chi-
cago Kitchen Gardon Association. The ladies taught
in this class realized tho importance of spreading this
instruction, and were inspired to call a mass meeting
and organize into a society for that purpose. Their
constitution and by-laws were modeled after those of
the New York Association. It was decided to fix the
annual dues at 82.00 for members, and from these
members were elected tho officers and board of man-
agers. Great care was taken that the ladies on this
board should represent all parts of tho city. During
tho summer of 1883, as most of the members of the
board wcro out of town, but little was accomplished.
In the autumn a meeting of the association was
called, and tho ladies, who expressed themselves as
willing to work, at once began forming classes for the
instruction of children. By the courtesy of the
"Channing Club," tho regular meetings of the board
were held in the club-room, 135 Wabash avenue, for
two years. Tho first difficulty to bo overcome was
the lack of teachers. The ladies who had already
been taught by Miss Torry were engaged in church
schools. The association accordingly wrote and re-
quested Miss Torry to come once more to Chicago and
teach a normal class, which she did, and the associa-
tion purchased, at that time, a set of Kitchen Garden
toye from New York for the use of this class. Dur-
ing the winters of 1883-84, at the board meetings
many plans were proposed for spreading a knowl-
edge of Kitchen Garden work, and the importance
was soon perceived of having a permanent home for
the association, but tho greatest difficulty was experi-
enced in finding even a room, in a desirable locality,
where permission could bo obtained for its use as a
school. This compelled the association to defer car-
rying out their plan, and forced it to confine its work
to mission schools, of which tho two most important
were the Ashland avenue and 12th street, and tho
Randolph street schools. As the amount received
from annual dues was quito insufficient to meet the
association's expenses, it was decided to give a musi-
cale; tho Rev. J. Vila Blake, Mrs. Henry W. Fuller,
and Miss Fuller generously came to the assistance
of the board, and a most delightful rendering of Mid-
summer Night's Dream to music was given. The
proceeds of tickets sold amounted to nearly §300.
In tho winter of 1885 a temporary homo was prof-
fered tho association in the mission school of Prof.
Swing, on Clybourn avenue, whero the use of a large
room for two afternoons of the week, free of rent,
was secured. At this time Miss Larrabee became
tho normal teacher of the association, and all her
timo was given up to teaching. It was also resolved
at a board meeting to give free instruction to any ono
who desired to become a teacher, making, however,
the stipulation that the teachers who received gratui-
tous instruction should devote some of their timo to
mission schools. During the three years in which
the work has been carried on, several exhibitions of
Kitchen Garden cíaseos have been given, which have
been always largely attended.
Last winter the experiment of forming an evening
cooking class was made, the members of which were
girls employed in shops and factories. The Unity
Church Industrial School, at 81 Elm street, gave the
use of a room every Monday evening, and there Miss
Larrabee instructed a class of fifteen girls. This
cIms was so popular that not a single vacancy occur-
rea in it.
In the latter part of the winter a dining-room, bed-
room, and kitchen were rented and furnished at 247
Clybourn avenue, and a large room in the same build-
ing was secured for children's classes. At this school
a small number of girls have been taught to do the
housework with real things. These girls have readily
found good situations and have given satisfaction.
A cooking class for little girls was also opened, on
Wednesday afternoons, at 247 Clybourn avenue, and
the food cooked by these children was as satisfactory
and palatable as that cooked by the older girls. The
success of these classes, added to the fact that the
girls taught in them secured situations without diffi-
culty, has determined the board upon adding a train-
ing school for servants as part of their system.
They havo also decided upon the publication of a
monthly journal in tho interests of their own and
kindred work, to be called The Journal of Industrial
Education. The Kitchen Garden Bi-Monthly, issued
by the Cincinnati Association, has been of great help
in keeping our society informed of the work as car-
ried on in other cities. Each number contains sug-
gestions of practical value, and it is to bo hoped our
journal may perform like service to other associations.
Tho work of the Chicago Kitchen Garden Asso-
ciation may be summarized as follows: In the first
year Miss Torry was sent for to teach a normal class;
the association purchased a sot of Kitchen Garden
toys, and supported two mission schools on the West
Side. In the second year a trained teacher was
employed, who directed both normal and chil-
dren's classes. In the third year a room was
rented and furnished, and 204 children were taught


44
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
in classes, besides several normal and cooking
classes.
The association had appointed an agent in this
city, who sold the toys at a greatly reduced price ; but
finding this spring that Miss Huntington regarded
thisprocecding as an infringement on her rights and
had appointod an agent of her own, the association
agent gladly withdraws from the business.
While there is likely to be great enthusiasm over
the proposed training school for servants, the interest
in Kitchen Garden work should not be allowed to flag
—tho children of the poor can not too early be trained
in habits of industry, neatness, and order. The Kin-
dergarten :ind Kitchen Garden should go hand and
hand. Tho universal cry from housekeepers all over
the land is, "poor servants." When the homes from
which these same servants are gathered are taken
into consideration, the chaos they bring into those of
their employers is not to be wondered at. ф
Tîiis is not tho time to enter into n discussion of
the "servantgirl question," but to point out the value
of our Kitchen Garden work in elevating and refining
tho homes of the people. L. S. Wilkinson.
—[Chicago "Journal of Industrial Education."]
THE BUFFALO KITCHEN GARDEN.
A Kitchen Garden has been started in Buffalo
nnder tho auspices of the " Woman's Union." Its
object is to instruct little girls whose mothers, through
ignorance or overwork, aro unable to train their chil-
dren to the proper care of a home. The children
taken into the school are from seven to fourteen years
of age. Surprise has been expressed because such
young children are received; it is often said, " These
girls will not go out to work for several years; I
thought that you wished to train them for service."
That is but one of tho many aims of the kitchen
garden; the fundamental idea is to so teach the girls
that they may establish cleanliness, frugality, and
health in homes that havo before seen only dirt,
wastefulness, and poor food. Of course girls who are
properly taught will make better servants and will
be enabled to earn an honorable living. They are
taken sо young in order to make the work more
natural to them, on the same principle that the early
student of French acquires a natural accent and that
little fingers are most supple on the piano. Then, too,
it is desired to combine a knowledge of housework
with the pleasures and benefits of play. All children
deserve a playtime—a childhood, yet we know that
the children of tho poor can not afford a childhood
devoted to play alone. Those who realize the import-
ance of these facts to our civilization have devised
the Kitchen Garden system. Our cultivated women
are learning that housewifery should not be consid-
ered in the light of drudgery; that it is an art, the
study of which is elevating and pleasurable. When
this idea is instilled into all women, we shall see moro
contentment and intelligence both in maids and mis-
tresses. .
The Buffalo Kitchen Garden meets only on Sat-
urdays, as it would otherwise interfere with the
public schools. It is the wish of the teachers to make
tho school an ideal home for the children, that will be
to them a refuge of love and helpfulness.
Forty little girls already show proofs of the bene-
fits they havo received. They are eager to put into
practice at home what they learn at school. Waste-
fulness at homo is one of the great causes of continued
poverty. The children were one day told that every
bit of clean wrapping paper that came into tho bouse
should be saved, and that every string should be
neatly wound up and put away. The following Sat-
urday one child said, "My ma wanted to do up a
bundle, and was so surprised when 1 brought bcr a
nice piece of paper and a string; she eaid she won-
dered what I'd been saving all the paper and string
for." The children arc taught how to fold articles
when ironed; they fold bright colored paper cut to
represent towels, doilies, etc. One girl found her
mother ironing when she went home; she produced
her samples and insisted that every towel and scrap
of cloth should be folded on kitchen garden principles.
Every Saturday after the lessons the children have
a lunch of bread and milk. They take turns in set-
ting the table, acting as waitresses, and in washing
the dishes. These are destinetions that aro clamored
for, particularly the dishwashing.
The teachers give their services, and it is hoped
that the lunches will be donated by those interested
in tho continuance of the work. The school is held
at 25 Niagara Square. Visitors are invited to inspect
the work. It is not right to expect the co-operation
of the citizens of Buffalo unless they know what is
being done. There are many plans for the extension
and improvement of the school. It is desired to form
a class of older girls that they may be prepared to
enter service at once; a special laundry class is also
contemplated. It is hoped that the future kitchen
garden of Buffalo will be an institution of value in
many ways. It will certainly be a reciprocal charity;
the givers as well as the receivers will be benefitted
by the result.— Our Record, Feb., 1887.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
45
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND FURLISHED BY THE
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws, President, | Miss Clara B. Fletcher, Trenn.
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, V.-P't, | Miss Eijzazeth A. Ooepper, Sue.
SSfSubscription price, fifty cents per annum. Address, The
Kitchen Garden, 100 Dayton St., Cincinnati, O.
[Entered as second-class matter at the Postofllee, Cincinnati, O.]
CINCINNATI, SEPTEMBER, 1887.
Another volume of the Kitchen Garden closes
with this number.
From the many kindly letters received we are en-
couraged to believe that it has not yet outlived its
usefulness.
Communication has been established, through its
medium, between many persons and places, which has
resulted in much good in many ways.
We hope that old friends will feel a renewed inter-
est in Volume V., which we shall endeavor to make
worthy of more than a passing glance, and that the
new volumo will be able to welcome a large number
of new friends.
CORRESPONDENCE.
Cleveland, O., July 31, 1887.
To the Editor of the Kitchen Garden:
At a time when the opportunities for women's
work is diversifying so rapidly, and new methods
of education are springing up on all sides to pre-
pare them for these opportunities, it is to be hoped
that any encroachment by men upon callings purely
feminine will not be "viewed with alarm," but that
any step which will indicate to the individual—woman
or man—that which he can do the best, is in the di-
rection of true progress, giving to all a far greater
chance for happiness and success.
The "encroachment" with which we have to deal
is nothing less than a man's class among the many
women's classes in the course of "cooking" in the
Cleveland Domestic Training School.
Camping is one of the most popular recreations of
the summer among the young and even the mature of
our city by the lakes. Four young, but old "camp-
ers," having in times past been thrown upon their own
resources through dire necessity, for the preparation
of a breakfast, on more than one occasion, hailed with
delight the advent in their midst of a thoroughly
trained teacher in the art of cuisine. They persuaded
two other friends to petition with them for the for-
mation of a class for men only. The directors of the
school—ladies of remarkable liberality and breadth of
mind—granted the request; and on Friday, January
1, 1887, the series of ten lessons began.
Owing to some business interruption only two of
the four appeared that evening, but soon after, tho
class was in active operation. The men, with great
faith in themselves and their instructor, came at tho
hour of seven, omitting their regular evening meal,
desiring to prepare their own. So thoexercises were ar-
ranged each week with a view to preparing something
that would answer fora supper, and usually with great
success. The "students" evinced great enthusiasm
during the course, though their " professor," with great
tact, selected only tho more simple and useful dishes
for preparation. It is needless to say what was accom-
plished each evening—how through rain, sleet, snow,
wind, and frost teacher and scholars stood faith fully to
the test. But it will suffice if wo describe what was
done on tho tenth or graduating night—givo a de-
scription in fact of their dinnor party.
After thorough agitation and discussion, it was de-
termined to close tho exercises for the year by a ban-
quet, each course of which was to be preparod by a
"student;" there being four of theso, the dinner,
therefore, consisted of four courses. To the dinner,
four young ladies interested in tho movemont wero
invited, together with a mutual friend of the " four,"
making, with the professor, ten in all. The menu was
as follows:
Soup.
Tomato.
Meat.
Beefsteak with Mushrooms.
Potatoes.
Salad.
Lobster.
Dessert.
Tutti Prutti.
Coffee.
Tho table was prepared by the class, being decorated
with flowers and beautifully hand-painted dinner
cards, a gift from a friend. Tho "mutual friend''
gathered together the four "interested " young ladies,


40
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
and at 8:30 p. m. the Roup was brought in by its re-
spective artist, with his white apron on, his face some-
what flushed, but all in excellent form.
To say that the beefsteak was done to a turn, the
lobster salad superb, and the tutti-frutti cold, would
be to indulge in commonplaces. Enough will be
noted when wc reveal the fact that two gentlemen re-
fused soup, on account of a mistake made by the
server in the denominator of his fraction- while the
coffee had to be served without saucers, the latter
being at that moment in use with the ice-cream.
At the close of the repast a prize was offered—Mrs.
Lincoln's Cook Book (beautifully bound)—by the inter-
ested fonryoung ladies. It is needless to say that upon
a vote the lobster salad "walked away from all other
competitors. These four younggentlemen have been
somewhat criticised, or rather feared, by some well-
meaning people, who imagine that their new ex-
perience will make them critical and fault-findingas re-
gards cooking in general.but we believe, that, as with
all true knowledge, it willonly widen andbroaden their
minds, as they now realize some of the difficulties in
this heretofore hidden art, making them in conse-
quence more kind and tolerant in cases where the jelly
doos not jell nor the ice-cream freeze. S. B. J.
THE KINDERGARTEN FOR THE BLIND AT
WEST ROXBURY.
How often we have to thank friends from a distance
for showing us things of interest in our own city. In
this way I owe thanks to a dear Cincinnati friend
for taking me to visit the beautiful new charity just
started in West Roxbury, the Kindergarten for tho
Blind. As it is only a short distance from my home,
we walked over one morning a few weeks since. The
building is a most substantial one of brick, and it
stands high enough to command good views on every
side, looking in some directions over quite an extent of
the beautiful country around it. We were ushered into
a pleasant parlor, where in a few moments we received
a cordial greeting from Miss Johnson, the teacher of
the K. G. She invited us at onco to come into the
school room and sec the children, of whom there are
at present only ten, including boys and girls. The
bright, airy rooms, full of light and sunshine, and the
soft pure air made us feel that it must be a delight,
even to the blind children, to be in such a pleasant
atmosphere, and certainly they have found a friend
in the teacher who h:is met them there. We stayed
for an hour or more while Miss Johnson taught them
a new song and then asked them to sing some of their
older favorites to us. It was most touching to seo
tho children attempt to make tho motions as they
sang the versesofthe familiar K. G. songs. One little
boy turned bis face so constantly to the window, where
the bright sunlight came streaming in, that it seemed
as if he must see it, but Miss J. said she thought he
could not. They were not all entirely blind, how-
ever, over one-third being able to tell light from dark-
ness. Their lessons are so arranged that at the end
of each hour they have ten minutes for recess, when
they can go out to a broad piazza at tho back of the
house and run about with freedom. Miss J. showed
us some clay work which the children had done, and it
was remarkable to see how well the little fingers had
formed hoe and hammer, etc., especially when we re-
membered that there had been no eyes to guide the
hands, only the nice sense of touch.
During an hour Miss J. told tho children of parallel
lines, using to illustrate hor remurks, instead of the
little sticks which the seeing children have, littlo
metal sticks, so to speak, with a hole at each end, liko
small bodkins with two eyes. Before beginning the
lesson the tables wero covered over with a large flat
cushion, marked off with little silk cords, in the little
squares, just as the tables are with lines for children
who see. Each child is provided with a number of
pins, and then the little fingers feel the cords and
pass the metal sticks along just with the cords, then
a little more patience and the fingers find the holes,
and in a moment a pin is put through first one,
then the other, and the little stick is held in place, so
that the square is triangle, can be formed piece by
piece without danger of being disarranged in the pro-
cess. It was astonishing to seo the quickness of
touch and the true placing of the littlo metal lines.
After the lesson Miss J. told two of tho children to
leave their seats, and on the walls of the room or on
the chairs find edges, which, like the lines they had
just been told about, were parallel. They were as
pleased when their fingers found them as other little
ones are when their eyes do the same thing for them.
Wo were taken up stairs and shown over tho build-
ing, which is very nicely arranged and all beautifuly
bright and airy. One of our party said: "How
strange it seems to see no mirrors." Sure enough there
were none, each little room having the two beds,
chairs, and bureau, but no glass. In that simple fact
was told the pathetic story of the darkness in which
these little ones dwell.
Up higher than all, in the top of the building, is a
large hall, and here Miss J. marshaled her flock for
their march and games. Many of the blind have a
decided taste for music, or at least a good car for
tunes. As tho little procession went round and round


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
47
the hall some of them found it rather hard to keep
in line behind the other, butas the notes of the march
and che marked timo of the chorus went on they
marched bettor and better until at last they did quito
as well as do many children who can sec. Then they
formed a ring, and we were amazed to see how well
they could play the familiar games. True they ran
with a little caution, not quite the freedom of sight;
but they enjoy the songa and many of tho games as
much as any children could. Tho farmer sowed his
seed and the little birds flew round with outstretched
wings, the cat ran after tho mouse, and we looking
on found it hard to believe that the happy singing
children were in darknessall tho time. Certainly this
is a most beautiful charity, and when wo think that
with all that can bo given to them these littlo ones
are "forever shut out from so much that makes life
pleasant to those of us who can see, we must indeed
thank God for the. noble hearts and willing hands
which has provided this home where tho inner eyes
of these little ones arc opened to so much that will
make life beautiful for them. Tho aim of the K. G.
is to take and care for children too young to be ad-
mitted to the Institution for the Blind at South
Boston, Mr. Quagner, who has charge of that,
having felt bow much a home for the little ones
was needed. Tho building is paid for, but a
fund sufficient to provido for the yearly expenses
is very much desired. The school has boon opened
only a few months, but surely no one who visits it
can fail to see how much good it must do; how many
lives it will brighten and help make useful and happy.
The patience and perseverance the blind children
learn to exercise as they train their fingers to be
eyes for them, and the results which those fingers
achieve are surely most wonderful. Those who have
tho school in chargo arc most fortunate, 1 think, in
the teacher they have chosen. Miss J. is a most charm-
ing lady. She makes each child I am sure, feel how
true is her love and interest, and she meets strangers,
as I can attest, with a kind courtesy which shows
them at once that any interest they feel is truly ap-
preciated, while she has the tact to interest in what-
ever lesson may be in progress, not alono the children,
but also herguests. May the Kindergarten find many
friends to help it, as it will surely find many who
need its help. E. de L.
The Frocbel Society, of London, offers prizes to
the amount of twenty guineas for the best essays on
the following subject: "The Ethical Teaching of
Frocbel, as gathered from his Works." Tho compe-
tition is open to all tho world. Essays must bo sent
in not later than the first of November, addressed
Froebel, Secretary, office of Journal of Education, 86
Fleet street, London, England. Each essay must
bear a motto, the name of the writer being inclosed
in a separate scaled envelope. It is proposed to
award a first prize of fifteen guineas, and a second
prize of five guineas; but it will be left to the dis-
cretion of the judges to award the whole sum to one
essay, or to withhold one or both of the prizes, if, in
their judgment, tho compositions are not of sufficient
merit. The judges will bo tho Rev. R. Д. Quick,
Prof. J. M. D. Meiklejohn, and Miss Snell. The es-
says must not exceed in length five pages of tho
Journal of Education (middle typo), i. e., 7,500 words.
The first prize essay will be published in the Journal.
ANNIVERSARY EXERCISE FOR SEWING*
SCHOOLS.
Consisting of recitations and singing; also adapted
to general use in the sewing school, by Miss Josephine
C. Goodale. For sale by J. W. Schermerhorn & Co.,
7 East Fourteenth stroet, New York; price $52.50 per
hundred; specimen copies five cents by mail. Miss
Louiso J. Kirkwood writes of it: "I regret that I did
not receive your bright littlo Exercise earlier, that I
might have had it incorporated with my ' New Songs
for the Sewers.' It is very pleasing, and as it meets
a demand, will find a ready sale. I am often asked
for something of just this kind."
HOME ECONOMIES.
Tue day has come when it is tho duty of every
person at the head of a household, whether such
household be rich or poor, to personally superintend
the preparation of food for the family whose care she
has undertaken; and also to see that thcro is no will-
ful waste of materials. This can not be done success-
fully by theory. A wide spread ignorance of the
chemistry and physioiogy of food is a wide-spread
misfortune. The present extravagent prices of food
are but the results of this ignorance and the accom-
panying waste.
How many a young woman, well educated (as some
would say), has commenced her married life under
the best and brightest of prospects, and after a few
months has learned by sad experience those things
she should have learned before undertaking such re-
sponsibilities?
Tho reason why American women do not cook
and economize so gracefully and well as tho French
women is not becauso they are loss intelligent and


INDEX.
PAGE.
Bethany Mission Kitchen Garden 29
California Kindergarten Training School. Course of Training in the. 39
Cincinnati Cooking School. The 11.1s
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association, The 9, 17, 25, 33, 41
Cincinnati Oral School for the Deaf, The 14
Cleveland Domestic Training School, Annual Keport of the 43
Cooking Class of the Cincinnati Kitchen Garden, The 10, 1", 25, 33
-Cooking in School 20
Correspondence—
Ballard. Helen 19
Bowman. May 19
Brewster, Mrs. J. L 26
C. P. s '28
Dictrlck, Mrs. E. В 14
Dodge, Emma E ... 14
Gould, Ellen M 34
Hall, Louise 27
Helmer, Elizabeth В 2s
Hughes. Lucy A 27
Huntington, E 14
Mann. Clara 19
Merrltt, E. A 27
M. W. S. К 2s
P. В :19
Putnam, Ellen С 26
Van Meter, Harriett F 36
Yates, Mrs. J. W 14
'Departure, A New 47
Domestic Kindergarten: What is it? The 30
Editorial , 13,21,29.37,45
Extracts from—
Address to California Froebel Society. By Mrs. Kate D. Wiggiu 12
Miss Headdou, In "Little Women," 30
Fuirmount Children's Home (Stark Co.), Ohio, Kindergarten and Kitchen Garden Departments of the 4s
Instructions as to the Care of the Bath Room, and any Other Notes 43
Kindergarten Department of the Cincinnati Centennial Exposition, The 34
Lanudry. and how it should be Managed by Good Housekeepers, The 22
Lockport Domestic School, First Report of the 11
, Marketing Lesson: 36
New Books—
The New Kindergarten 29
Die Mädchenschule 29
Pittsburg Domestic Training School 4s
Plain Sewing 31
Springfield Kitchen Garden and Sewing School, Saturday, A Visit to the 1s
"Washing Dishes, Kitchen Ware and Cooking Utensils, and Other Useful Information.... 15


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
VOL. V. No. I. CINCINNATI,
THE CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN AS-
SOCIATION.
The Kitchen Garden re-opened Saturday, October
let, in the new quarters at 121 E. Third street.
Nearly fifty children were present the opening day,
which number has since increased to seventy-five,
with applications for admission continually coming
in. It is thought best to limit the number received
this winter strictly to eighty, and make the classes at
work in the large rooms somewhat smaller than
hitherto.
The classes are arranged as follows:
Cooking Class—In chargo of Miss Sallio Butler
and Miss Elizabeth S. Laws.
Dining Room—Miss Clara B. Fletcher.
Laundry—Miss Alice Goepper, Miss Sue Griffith,
and Miss Alma Sattler.
Bedroom—Miss .
Sewing—Mrs. L. C. Weir.
Tables—Miss Elsio Field, Miss Marie Humes, Miss
Emma Harrison, Miss Lottie Duhme, Míss Cheevor,
and Miss Snowdon.
Director—Miss Laws.
A pleasant surprise awaited the children the
opening day. Two large baskets of delicious grapes
were sent from Put-in-Bay by Mrs. Wiley McLean
and daughter. The children were bountifully sup-
plied, several bunches were sent home to invalids,
and the kind thoughtfulness that prompted the
sending of the gift was most warmly appreciated
by all interested in the work. The following Sat-
urday the children enjoyed a luncheon of cake through
the kindness of Mrs. L. C. Weir.
Mr. Lucien Wulsin kindly furnishes a piano for the
use of the school again this winter. Several large
bundles of clothing and shoes have been received
from Mrs. L. B. Harrison, Miss Goepper, and Miss
Mary Anderson; a piece of calico from Mrs. James
Gamble; also a package of books and papers from
Mrs. N. A. Jeffras. Miss Butler and Miss Neva Weir
kindly prepared some articles for the sewing classes,
and Mrs. Robert Leamen sent five dollars.
EMBER, 1887. Price, lO Cents
All donations are most gratefully received, and will
be duly acknowledged in tho following numbers of
The Kitchen Garden.
INSTRUCTIONS AS TO SETTING AND WAIT-
ING ON THE TABLE.
SEVENTH LESSON IN THE CLEVELAND DOMESTIC TRAIN-
ING) SCHOOL COURSE.
Every housekeeper has her own method of setting
the tuble and serving breakfast and dinner. In the
following lesson an effort is made to teach orib good
way, endeavoring at the same time to impress it upon
the mind of the young pupil that it is not the only
way, and that a servant must follow the directions of
her mistress in all these matters, irrespective of the
methods she has learned. It is believed, however,
that tho following breakfast and dinner thoroughly
learned will teach principles and afford a foundation
which will enable the pupil to serve any ordinary
meal, simple or elaborate, as the case may be.
SETTING THE BREAKFAST TABLE.
Before beginning to set the table, seo that the
dining-room is in perfect order, and if there is a fire,
that it is in condition to last several hours without
replenishing. The table should bo set a short time
before the meal is served. It is better not to set the
table tho night before, as more or less dust is sure to
accumulate.
An undercovoring of canton flannel or felt is de-
desirable. It prevents noise, protects the table, and
saves the linen; and the linen cloth lies more smoothly
over it than over tho bare table.
Lay the table cloth straight and smooth, with the
middle crease up, running lengthwise of the table, and
exactly in the middle. See that the ends of the cloth
hang evenly, and that the under cloth does not show.
If starched, the clot h will drape better if it is creased
along the edges. If no undercovering is used, mats
aro often placed for hot dishes.
The lady's and gentleman's placee are usually at


2
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
the ends of the table. Place a carving cloth or a
napkin in front of the gentleman's place.
Lay knives and forks for as many places as are re-
quired, arranging them as symmetrically as possible.
The knife should be at the right, at right angles with
the edge of the table and about half an inch from it,
with the sharp odges of the blade to the left. The
fork should bo at the left, parallel with the knife and
equally distant from the edge of the table, the tines
turning up. The knife and the fork should be about
the width of the plate apart.
A folded napkin may bo placed between the knife
and the fork. If it is in a ring, it should be at the
right of the knife and parallel with it, the ring being
opposite that part of the knife where the blade and
handle joins.
Glasses are placed at the point of the knife.
Butter plates should be just above the points of the
fork.
If individual salts are used, they may be put above
the fork, placing the butter plates at the point of the
knife and the glasses a little to the right. Otherwise
the sal|s, with tho peppers, are placed at the op-
posite corners of the table.
The carving knife and fork should be laid in front
of the gentleman's place, the handle of the knife to
the right, that of the fork to'the left. A spoon for
the gravy must also be placed here.
A tablespoon must be placed wherever a vegetable
dish is to stand, the handle to the right.
At the lady's place put every thing needed for serv-
ing coffee excepting the coffee pot and pitcher of hot
water. There are many ways of arranging these
articles, and the children must bo told repeatedly
that they must follow the directions of their
mistress, irrespective of the method taught at the
school.
One good way ie to arrange the cups and saucers
on a tray at left of lady, if possible, placing each cup
in its saucer; otherwise, piling them in twos, laying
two cups in two saucers.
In front of these, somewhat to the left of the lady's
place, arrange the sugar bowl, milk pitcher, tray
bowl, and spoonholder, if one is used; otherwise, the
spoons may be placed in the saucers at the right of
the cups, with handles pointing in the same direction
as the cup handles, or, if the cups and saucers are
piled together, the spoons may be laid out to the left
of the lady's place, with the handles together.
Learn what is to be served at breakfast, and think
what dishes are required. Suppose it to be oatmeal,
meat, potatoes, and griddle cakes. Set out the oat-
meal dish and bowls or saucers, the platter and plates
for the meat, the potato dish, and the plates for the
cakes. Put the plates to be warmed.
If oatmeal is served as a separate course, place the
oatmeal bowls to the right of the lady's place, piled
two and two, with large spoon for serving it. Put a
bowl of sugar and a pitcher of milk at one side of the
table. Put the bread plate on the table, fill the
glasses three-quarters full, place the chairs, put the
oatmeal in front of tho lady's place, and announce
breakfast. It saves time in waiting to put butter
upon the butter plates before announcing breakfast,
but this must not be done in warm weather.
SERVING THE BREAKFAST.
Take a small tray in your hand and stand at the
left hand of the lady. As she places the bowls of
oatmeal upon the tray, pass them, with spoons, to
the left of each one at the table. If the lady does
not put spoons in the bowls, you should place some
on the tray that each one may take one. See that
all are helped to milk and sugar.
Remove the bowls two at a time when all have
finished, leaving the spoons in them. Take out the
oatmeal dish.
Bring in the warm breakfast plates, placing them
before the gentleman.
Bring in the breakfast, placing the meat and pota-
toes in front of the gentleman; the coffee pot and
hot water pitcher at the lady's right, with the
handles toward the right.
Bémove the cover from tho potato dish, reversing
it quickly, so that tho moisture will not drip, and
carry it to the side table or pantry.
Stand at the gentleman's left, and take the plates
on your tray, passing them as you did the oatmeal.
Take coffee cups from the lady's left and pass, being
careful to notice for whom each cup is intended, as
there is often a difference in the seasoning.
Pass the bread and tho butter, if it has not already
been served, and fill the glasses, if necessary.
In passing the oatmeal, the plates of meat, and the
coffee, the ladies should be served before the gentle-
men and the guests before the family—the lady guest
at the host's right hand first.
The bread and butter may be passed in regular or-
der around tho table.
When one person has finished with this course,
take his plate and place a clean knife and fork. If
the cakes are not served from the kitchen, place a
clean, warm plate, and pass the cakes as soon as
baked. Have a fork on the tray to serve them, and
be particular to pass the syrup or fine sugar imme-
diately.


в
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
prayer, songs, then the lesson of the day, then games
and songs in the circle. Cooking and other branches
were reserved for another year. The pupils were
bright, intelligent, and in earnest, and seemed to re-
gret the close of the school. This, unfortunately,
could not be avoided, for the teachers have classes on
Saturdays in other kitchen gardens during the year,
and since most of the pupils are school girls, Saturday
is their only available time during the school year.
The last lesson in the table setting with the really
grown up pupils was the sotting of the table, serving
and clearing for a real meal cooked by the members
of the class at their homes. The hope is, and tho effort
will be, to revive the school, and a stronger interest in
pupils another summer. Some of the colored women
are studying the lessons, and the faith is strong that
next summer, with the supervision of their former
teachers, they will teach their sisters, and thus carry
on the work uninterruptedly. All agree that it was a
most pleasant summer's work, and it was most grati-
fying and inspiring to hear one of the older pupils
saу, " There's heaps to learn." Is not that admission
a potent suggestion, and does it not carry a world of
meaning and possibilities? Let us hope that this
small mid-summer beginning will grow into perennial
activity and opportunity. L. A. G.
BRIDGEPORT ASSOCIATED CHARITIES FOE
INDUSTRIAL RELIEF.
Early in the year of 1886, a company of ladies of
Bridgeport, Connecticut, met in the parlors of Mrs.
L. H. Norton, " to discuss the advantages and possi-
bilities of entering a hitherto untrodden field," in the
history of the charities of this city.
Those who were present were all active workers in
public or private charity, and each felt the need of a
thorough organization of all the means employed in
aiding the poor, as established in other cities.
The necessity was felt for the adoption of a system
of industrial education, that the poor under their care
might, in time, be made self-supporting, and that the
children of such might be raised from degradation
and become respectable citizens.
The experience of years has taught the necessity
of not ouly providing work for the poor, but teaching
them how to do it. It seemed desirable to organize
a society that would make employment the basis of re-
lief, and in order that other societies, already existing
in our city, should co-operate in making this a dis-
tinct feature of the new work, representatives from
the Ladies' Charitable Society, the Widows' Society,
Young Ladies' Charitable Society, and Social Work-
ers, were invited to be present, and signified their de-
sire to co-operate in this object.
The first department opened in this work was the
furnishing of sewing to poor women, paying them for
their time in tho garments they made, or an equiva-
lent in groceries.
The city, through tho courtesy of the mayor, gen-
erously furnished a room, free of charge, which was
soon uncomfortably crowded with women and chil-
dren.
Then was opportunely offered to the society, at a
moderate rental, the homestead of the late Captain
John Brooks. This house was opened about the mid-
dle of August for industrial education.
A sewing school for children was then organized.
The names of two hundred and thirty children have
been enrolled as members of this class. They have
been thoroughly taught by the " Kirkwood System,"
and some have become so proficient as to earn a lit-
tle by doing ordered work. Music is a source of
great pleasure to the children, and they devote a
half hour to singing at tho close of every Saturday
afternoon's sewing, which they greatly enjoy.
The laundry department was commenced early in
September. Its object was to furnish the people of
Bridgeport with an establishment where washing and
ironing would bo done in a wholesome, homelike
manner, to provide employment for competent wo-
men, to instruct incompetent and needy women how to
wash and iron properly, thereby fitting them to earn
a living. One poor man, too much of an invalid to do
hard work, has earned a dollar a week by going for
the washing and returning the clothes.
The day nursery, which has been recently opened,
has had twenty-eight admissions, and has gathered to
its care little children of mothers who are obliged to
be the bread-winners, and go out from their homes
to their daily labors.
Cooking classes have been formed, in which ninety-
nine persons have received instructions, and a majority
of these have paid a reasonable price for the lessons.
Free classes for the poor have also been taught.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
The problem of neglected childhood is before us
to struggle with and solve as best we may.
Since no industrious habits are taught these chil-
dren at home, is it surprising that they grow up ig-
norant, indolent women, and follow in the footsteps
of their parents, until, like them, they finally come to
be supported by charity?
In the Kitchen Garden lies the hopo, in a groat
measure, of saving the girls from the consequences


8
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
success, and is still spoken of with enthusiasm by
those who were present.
We have just commenced our füll work, and hope
to be able to have cooking taught in all of our twelve
schools this winter. Our children are~young, aver-
aging about ten years, too young to go to service, but
we are trying to prepare them for usefulness in their
own homes, teaching them to cook such food as their
parents can afford. and to do it as economically as
possible. We feel confident that many of them will,
when older, choose domestic service rather than
places in factories and shops. If we can induco
them to do this, wc shall feel well repaid for our
labor. I wish you success with your little paper. I
find it quite interesting. Yours sincerely,
Mrs. J. В. Bоm er,
125 Allen St., New York City,
Home Industrial School No. 6.
New York, October 5, 1887.
To Editor of the Kitchen Garden:
I send with this a sample of my new Practice Cloth.
It is of importance in industrial interests, and I
should be glad to have you make a note of it in your
bi-monthly, if you think fit.
I also inclose a copy of the " New Songs for the
Sewers." Yours, truly. Louise J. Kirkwood.
Lookport, N. Y., November 4, 1887.
Enclosed please find fifty cents as I wish to renew
my subscription for the Kitchen Garden for another
year. We find it a very great help to us—in fact,
quite a necessity. Our school prospers, the average
number of scholars being about one hundred and five.
Do you know of any practical work on physiology
which would help the teachers in telling the scholars
the fundamental laws of health, as that is one lesson
we consider of great importance? Could you also in-
form mo as to where I could find some book which
would give some good ideas about the care of the sick
room? Trusting that your own interest in the work
will pardon me for troubling you so often with ques-
tions, Very cordially yours,
Elizabeth R. Holmes.
[You may possibly find some good suggestions in
the " Handbook of First Aid to the Injured," prepared
at the request of the Society for Instruction in First
Aid to the Injured, by Bowditch Morton, M.D.; also
in No. 1 of the "Help and Hint Series," called "Sun-
shine in a Sick Kooin," prepared by "Committee on
Elevation of the Poor in their Homes." These can
both bo obtained at the office of the New York State
Charities Aid Society, No. 21 University Place, New
City.]
Denton, Texas, October 11, 1887.
To Editor of Kitchen Garden:
Package of Kitchen Garden received promptly.
I am not engaged in that line of work, but being
so much impressed as to its importance, yea, the ab-
solute necessity of it. I sent for the Kitchen Garden
that I might read and know moro of its practical
working.
I am an earnest advocate of moro industrial
schools for boys and girls. We must have them.
I should be pleased to visit your school. I have
for several years thought I should like to be able to
build up a school in which girls should be required
to do all kinds of house-work.
I have traveled quite a good deal, and have been a
boarder the greater part of my life, and I have seen
so many poor cooks—could not or did not prepare
wholesome food—and so careless in their house-
keeping that I think it is quite time to reduce such
instruction to a system in well organized schools.
Wishing you every success in your noble work. I
am very sincerely, Elizabeth March.
State Sup. Seien. Temp. Inst.
BOSTON SCHOOL KITCHEN TEXT BOOK.
LESSONS IN COOKING FOR THE USE OF CLASSES IN
PUBLIC AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS, BT MRS. D. A.
LINCOLN.
It is the accepted educational doctrine that all
matters for school instruction should bo taught, so
far as possible, in the light of first principles. The
understanding is to be engaged and thought awak-
ened. A memory laden with rules and precepts is
not enough; nor is the faculty of imitation in itself
worthy of much care in the direct cultivation of it.
The best education embraces more and aims higher.
Therefore, if cooking is to have a place among
school exercises the text book ought to be not a cook
book, but a book giving the reasons for its directions,
and connecting these reasons with first principles.
Such a book this one appears to be. Its claim to the
title is justified by the fact that the substance of all
the lessons has been worked out in the cooking class
rooms or school kitchens connected with the Boston
public schools. That this working has been decidedly
satisfactory, I gladly testify. Edwin P. Sea ver.
Sup. of Boston Public Schools.
Only to the earnestness that fainteth at no toil,
Floweth the deeply hidden spring of truth;
Only to the chisel's heavy stroke,
Doth the marble's hard grain yield.—SchiUer.


10
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
Miss Duhme, 1 doz. dressed dolls, tree ornaments.
Mrs. Osmond, tree ornaments.
Miss Belle Fitbian, large snowball.
Miss Elsie Field, 8 doz. popcorn balls.
Mr. Henry Snider, tissue paper.
Books and bundle of toys from some kind friends.
Mrs. Eobt. Sattler, «10.00 Miss Adele Andres, 4.00
Miss Florence Miss Duhme, 4.00
Fletcher, 10.00 Miss Keys, 3.00
Mr. George Hill, 10.00 Miss L. Duhme, 3.00
Mrs. L. C. Weir, 10.00 Mile. Viellard, 3.00
Mrs. tí. Billing, 10.00 Miss Alice Searbo-
Mrs. Schmidt, 5.00 rough, 2.00
Mrs. Louise Ander- Miss Mary Eopes, 2.00
son, 5.00 Mrs. J. W. Wayne, 2.00
Mrs. Frederick Eck- Mrs. Henry Foch-
stein, 5.00 heimer, 2.00
Mrs. F. G. Hunting- Dr. W. M. Williams, 1.00
ton, 5.00 Mrs. N. A. Jeffras, 1.00
Mrs. Chas. Dickson, 5.00 Miss Therese Davis, 1.00
Mrs. Chas. Lockard, 5.00 Miss Helen Fech-
Mrs. T. J. Emery, 4.50 heimer, 1.00
Mrs. F. Forchheimer, 10.00
THE COOKING CLASS OF THE CINCINNATI
KITCHEN GARDEN.
In planning the work of the year for the Cooking
Class, wc determined to divide the time at our disposal
as evonly as wc could among three different classes
of girls; our object being to give to as many of the
older girls as possible, during the year, the advantage
of a course of lessons in each of the large rooms of
the school; the laundry, bed-room, dining-room, and
kitchen.
But while wishing, for this reason, to change the
Cooking Class as often as practicable, we hoped to
devote to each class enough time for the girls to got
some clear ideas about wholesome and cleanly ways
of preparing simple, every-day dishes.
Having learned from experience that, unless the
recipes used are very inexpensive, it is impossible for
the girls to practice at home what they have been
shown at the school, we determined to devote the
greater part of the time of each class to the prepara-
tion of very simple dishes; and yet it seemed well to
give the girls some idea of the cooking and serving
of a complete meal, no matter how simple, as such
knowledge would be useful to them even though they
could not put it to use in their own homes.
Wo therefore determined to carry out a plan pro-
posed last year, that is, to have from time to timo a
combination lesson for the kitchen and dining-room
classes, by having a meal cooked by the one, and
served by the other,
In the house occupied by the school last year,
the rooms used as dining-room and kitchen were on
different floors, which fact rendered it rather difficult
to carry out the plan; but as, in our pleasant new
quarters, the rooms used for these purposes join, we
arranged that the last two lessons in each course
should consist of a breakfast and a dinner, to be
cooked by the kitchen class and served by the dining-
room class
It seemed better that the girls should have some
practice in the cooking of the dishes to be served at
these meals; so each dish was prepared at least once
during the course of the other lessons.
The first of the three classes finished on December
17, the courso of lessons planned for it; as the Sat-
urday before Christmas was of course devoted to
having as happy a time as possible, no work was
done on that day.
The work of this first class has, as a whole, been
very satisfactory; and the girls certainly seem to en-
joy the work, if one may judge by their remarkably
regular attendance.
The cooking is this year in charge of two of the
teachers of the school and the plaos pursued are
much the same as those of last year.
We find it more satisfactory to have eight girls
in the class at one time instead of twelve, as wo wish
to make quite as much of a point of the dish-washing
and proper clearing of the tables during the lesson,
as of tho cooking; and the more girls there are the
more difficult this becomes; for a few of the number
always show a strong tendency to drop into chairs or
to stand aimlessly about during any lull in the cook-
ing even though there may be dishes and pans wait-
ing to bo washed and put away. This is always more
not iceablythe case with those girls who come from the
poorest and least thrifty homes, and is probably only
tho reflection of what they see constantly about them.
As was our custom last year, we have the girls at
the end of the lesson, set a tablo and cat for their
luncheon, what they have just cooked, but we thought
it would be well for them to devote part of one lesson to
making enough of something simple—such as plain
cookies—to give each child in tho school a tasto of
what had been made by the Cooking Class, at the same
time allowing them to prepare something for their
own luncheon.
The first working day of the year was devoted to
a general dish-washing and scouring lesson, doubly
necessary after the summer vacation and a removal
from one house to another.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
15
and excellent achievements accomplished by this
method. It receives from them, as well as the intel-
ligent public throughout the world, full recognition
and merit for what it has accomplished in restoring
to a happier and more useful existence, countless
numbers of unfortunate deaf-mutes. The oral method,
however, accomplishes the same purpose more effect-
ually and is its superior in most cases.
A deaf-mute who can communicate his thoughts
only by signs or the manual alphabet, is restricted
forever to intercourse with the very limited number
of individuals who have for various reasons and pur-
poses acquired a knowledge of the finger language.
One, however, who acquires articulate speech and also
becomes proficient in lip-reading. enjoys an inestima-
ble and incomparable advantage over the former, in
that it permits him through the medium of spoken
language to communicate in an unrestricted manner
with his fellow beings.
The acquisition of articulate speech among deaf-
mutes educated by the oral method, is in many cases
so perfect, and the proficiency of lip-reading so culti-
vated, that it requires an expert to discover the absence
of the sense of hearing. In other cases, however, ow-
ing to inherited or acquired defective organizations,
perfect acquisition and control of articulate speech is
impossible. But be it never so defective- it is far pre-
ferable to its complete absence.
In Europo this method of teaching articulation is
more generally resorted to than the manual method,
both in private and in state institutions. In some
countries, particularly Germany and Italy, it is exclu-
sively taught.
In the United States with its many excellent and
well-equipped state institutions, numbering over fifty,
and with at least ten additional private schools for
the deaf, the oral method is taught in seven of the
latter, while it is used exclusively in only seven of the
former.
In the remainder, the manual alone or the combined
method is taught. The combination of the two meth-
ods, if submitted to the practical and unprejudiced
opinion of competent observors is considered undesir-
able, though it can not be denied that the union of
the two methods is productive of greater good than
the use of the manual alone. The Executive Com-
mittee of the Society is confident that the work to be
accomplished during the present year will increase
the scope of usefulness of the school and that it will
illustrate practically the main objects and purposes of
the work, not alone as an educational effort but also
as a desirable charity.
It must be accorded an educational effort of excep-
tional importance, in that it offers to the parents of
deaf-mute children, the most approved method of in-
struction; it is also deserving of the appellation, a
charity, in thaj, tho society extends to parents in mod-
erate or restricted circumstances, advantages which
could only be procured away from home at great ex-
pense, and in many cases the society assumes tho en-
tire education of tho child when the parent or guar-
dian is in destitute condition.
Tho Officers of the Society are;
Leopold S. Fechheimer, President.
Robert Sattler, Vice-president and Chairman of
Executive Committee.
John O'Brien, Treasurer.
Instructors.
Mrs. Katharine Westendorf, Principal.
Miss V. Osborn, Miss C. Yendes.
Extracts from Second Annual Report, 1887.
WASHING DISHES, KITCHEN WARE AND
COOKING UTENSILS AND OTHER USE-
FUL INFORMATION.
EIGHTH LESSON IN THE CLEVELAND DOMESTIC TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL COURSE.
WASHING DISHES.
After each meal collect the knives, forks and spoons
on a small tray. Place all food that can be used again
on small kitchen dishes and set away. AYith a small
knife (a wooden one is best) scrape the food from
plates, platters and vegotable dishes into one large
dish. These scraps should be carried away or burned.
Place an old strainer, or a pan with holes punched in
the bottom, over the drain pipe of tho sink and into
this empty all dishes containing liquid. Empty this
strainer after using, but keep it always in the sink to
pour dish-water through. It saves much scraping and
cleaning of the sink and avoids filling the drain pipe
with particles that are drawn through the holes.
Pile dishes of one size together and place at one
side of sink or table where you wash them. Never
put one glass dish inside of another or more than two
cups together. Pile the glasses nearest the dish pan,
next the silver, then cups, saucers and pitcher, and
lastly all plates and dishes in which greasy food has
been served.
Tho dish pan should be half full of very hot, soapy
water—a shaker used for the suds. Be careful
never to leave the soap in tho water.
A second pan should be placed at one side of tho
dish pan for rinsing unless the sink be provided with
a draining table. Bo sure that there is plenty of hot


16
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
water ready for further use before you begin to wash
the dishes.
Have a soft dish-cloth especially for glasses and sil-
ver. One made out of flour bugging is good. Never
uso a cloth with raveled edge, as it leaves lint on the
dishes and the ravelings fill up the sink drain.
Wash glasses first. Slip each one separately side-
ways into the hot water to avoid danger of breaking
from unequal expansion when not covered inside with
hot water as well as out side. Wipe on a perfectly
dry, soft linen towel the moment they are taken from
the water. Wash silver a few pieces at a time and
wipo thoroughly in the same way. Glasses and sil-
ver look brighter if wiped while hot without rins-
ing.—[Mrs. Lincoln.
Next wash cups, saucers and pitchers. Do not
pile in the dish pan, but wash cups as you did
glasses—one at a time. Pile the saucers on the edge
around the rinsing pan and place cups inside up.
Pour plenty of scalding water over them and dry be-
fore they have time to cool. Wash fruit and dessert
plates in the same way as saucers; and the last thing,
the more soiled dishes, such as butter dishes, plates,
meat platters, vegetable dishes, etc. Rinse thoroughly
inside and outside and wipe dry while hot.
Change the dish water whenever it becomes greasy,
the number of times will depend upon the quantity
of dishes, but if well scraped a large number can be
washed without necessary change.
It is better to use a- heavier cloth and towels for
china than those used forglass and silver. If properly
washed, rinsed and dried,dishes will have a high polish.
When table knives are silver plated they should be
washed after the silver and in the same way; but if
the knives are of steel, with ivory or wooden handles-
they must not be put in hot water, as the handles will
crack or come off. Wipe the knives thoroughly with
cloth wet in hot suds, and while the blades are hot
polish with fine brick dust or emery rubbed on with
a cork. Rinse with cloth wet in clear hot water and
dry on soft towel.
KITCHEN WARE AND COOKING UTENSILS.
If the cook has no dining-room work to do, the best
time to wash the cooking utensils is while the family
is at the table, and then the sink and tables aro
clear when the dining-room dishes are brought out.
Many good servants prefer to leave the pots and pans
to be washed after the china is wiped and put away,
and when the cook waits upon the table this may
seem the most convenient way; but it is an excellent
plan to dispose of these things first and wash the finer
dishes last. It leaves the hands in better condition
and avoids confusion by having so many dishes about
the kitchen. If this plan is adopted, the dish-pan
must be washed thorough!y with hot suds after the
cooking dishes are done, and the coarser dish-cloth and
towels washed out and hung away to dry, and the
kitchen dishes put in place before the others are
washed.
Mixing dishes should be washed, rinsed, wiped, and
put away as soon as used.
Cooking dishes should be filled with cold water as
as soon as taken from the stove and after soaking,
scraped with a wooden knife, washed in hot suds,
rinsed and wiped outside and inside with a coarse
towel. A little soda in the water is good to clean iron-
ware . A metal dish-cloth is useful for pots and kettles.
Milk pans should first be washed in clear cold
water, then in scalding water, wiped thoroughly and
left in the sun or near the stove to dry.
Sapolio and pumice-stone are both good for polish-
ing tinware, and if tins are well cleaned whenever
used, they can be kept as bright as new. If they
should get discolored, boil about half an hour in soda
and water and then polish with sapolio. Whiting or
flour rubbed on dry will polish tins.
It is better not to wash a new coffee-pot inside with
suds; it is kept sweeter by scalding with clear water.
after thorough!y wiping put near the stove and when
perfectly dry, rub it thoroughly inside with a dry
cloth, and all sediment will be removed.
When all the dishes are washed, rub out the towels
at once with cold water and plenty of soap and rinse
thoroughly. If the dishes have been properly washed,
the towels will need little rubbing, and may be kept
sweet and clean for weeks without boiling.
NOTES.
A Dover egg beater should not be washed in hot
w'ater, as it would wash the oil from the gears. Wash
it with a cloth wet in hot water and dry thoroughly.
Never place kitchen knives or forks in hot water;
wipe them with a cloth wet in hot water, rinse and
polish before drying.
Woodenware should not be washed in an iron sink,
as the metal is liable to stain it. Wash with soda and
cold water, and scrub occasionally with sapolio.
A bread bowl must be scraped carefully with the
grain of the wood, so as not to roughen the surface.
Never allow the cracks to remain filled with douirh.
о
In clearing away mixing and cooking dishes as you
finish with them, much labor and confusion is avoided.
Dishes may be washed on a tablo or broad shelf
with two pans as neatly as in a sink.
Do not put cooking dishes on or near the stove to
soak. The heat hardens what adheres to them and
makes it more difficult to remove.
(In care of sink see lesson on care of kitchen.)


99
¿¡A
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
with the exception of the housekeepers, repaired to
tho lecture-room adjoining, and each girl removed
her cap, apron and sleeve protectors and placed them
in a calico bag, rows of which hung suspended from
pegs driven in the wall. For the benefit of those
housekeepers who drive their husbands into chronic
dyspepsia by their poor bread, The Press reporter
copied the recipe which Miss Spring had placed upon
the blackboard. The ingredients mentioned will
make one loaf of bread:
One cup of milk or water (if water, to bo lukewarm),
one-eighth cnke of compressed yeast, dissolved in
one-quarter cup of lukewarm water (if baker's yeast
is used one-quarter cup); one-half teaspoonful of
sugar (if agreeable to the taste), one-half teaspoonful
of salt, one teaspoonful of lard, three to three and
one-half cups of flour. The less flour used the better.
—Philadelphia Weekly Press, Feby. 8, 1888.
THE LAUNDRY AND HOW IT SHOULD BE
MANAGED BY GOOD HOUSEKEEPERS.
Ninth Lesson in the Cleveland Domestic Train-
ing School Course.
THE CARE OF THE LAUNDRY.
The laundry is that part of the house devoted to
the washing and ironing of clothes.
The articles necessary to carry on this work in a
private family are: A stove, boiler, bench, at least
three tubs, four buckets, washboard, wringer, clothes
basket, clothes horse, line, props, pins, soap, starch,
bluing, ironing table, skirtboard, bosomboard, irons,
iron stand, holders, and beeswax. Use soft water if
possible.
WASHING DAT.
Good housekeopers consider Monday or Tuesday
the best day for washing, since clothes wash more
easily soon after they are laid aside, and the ironing,
mending, and folding may all bo finished before the
end of the week. Many housekeepers prefer Mon-
day, but Tuesday is the best day, because you then
have time to collect all soiled clothes, tako the stains
out of them, mend those which are to be starched,
and assort them properly. laying those which are to
bo soaked in their proper piles and seeing that they
are unfolded and right side out. All white clothes,
excepting the most delicate articles, are to be soaked
over night.
The finest white clothes should be piled together
for one of the tubs; this includes pillowshams, col-
lars, cuffs, aprons, dressing sacks, and any other arti-
cles that arc to be starched and are not much soiled.
If tho wash is not large, you may put with these the
best table linen; otherwise it should be soaked by
itself.
Next select the sheets, pillowslips, bolsterslips,
white towels, and bedspreads. There is left for the
third tub all the more soiled wearing apparel, such as
skirts, chemises, drawers, night gowns, white stock-
ings. Handkerchiefs should be soaked by them-
selves.
Clothes aro soaked to loosen the dirt and make
them more easily washed. Cold or lukewarm water
should be used; never hot water, as that would set
the stain and dirt.
HOW TO BE>¡IN.
In the morning, rise early and build a good, steady
fire, then put on the boiler, half filled with water,
into which shave some soap. While the water is
heating wring out the clothes in the order in which
they were soaked. Binse out the tubs and partly fill
two of them with warm water.
The finest clothes are washed first, tho table linen
first of all. Very delicate fabries should be washed
by hand, using very little soap. Bub each garment
separately on the washboard, rubbing soap on all the
soiled parts. Takс especial pains with the collar
bands and wristbands of shirts, also with hems and
fells of undergarments. When the article seems quite
clean, wring it out and put it into the other tub for a
second washing. When you ha.ve washed all the fine
clothes in the first tub, take them in like manner
through the second tub.
BOILING THE CLOTHES.
The clothes are now ready to be boiled, and should
be turned wrong side out, and, unless the boiler is
perfectly clean and free from rust, must be put into
a bag. Handkerchiefs may be put into a pillowslip.
Collars and cuffs should be strung on a string put
through the buttonholes, so that they may not be
lost.
Clothes must be put on to steep in cold or warm
water (not hot), about one sixth of a bar of soap to
every bucketful of water, and from the time the
water is hot (not boiling) allowed to steep twenty
minutes. Never allow tho water to boil and run
over, but keep it simmering slowly.
While the first lot of clothes is boiling prepare the
second in tho same manner.
Take the clothes from the boiler in a bucket, drain
off as much of the water as possible, and put them
into clear cold water and rinse well before wringing
out. This is called the sudsing water.
Tho clothes are wrung out from the sudsing into


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
23
the bluing water. This is prepared by stirring a
little bluing, or the bluing bug, into a tub of clear,
cold water until it is sufficiently colored. Bo very
careful not to make the water too blue. Try it by
putting in some article to see that it is the right color.
A bluing bag is simply a little bag with a ball of blu-
ing in it. Never allow clothes to soak in blue water.
Shake them up and down to prevent them from
streaking, placing the clothes to be starched in one
bucket and those to be liung out immediately in
another.
MAKING STARCH.
To make starch, take four tablespoonfuls of starch
mixed with sufficient water to dissolve it; pour onto
this about two quarts of boiling water, stirring con-
stantly. Set the pan on the stove and allow it to boil
ten minutes, stirring frequently. The starch should
be clear and thick, but free from lumps or uneven
streaks. To make it smooth you may add a tea-
spoonful of coarse salt and shave in about an inch
length of candle. To insure perfect smoothness,
some strain through a coarse cheese-cloth bag.
Starch should be used quite hot. Collars, cuffs and
shirts should be starched first. Turn the shirts wrong
side out, dip in the bosoms and cuffs and rub them
well to make the starch penetrate the linen. White
skirts may be taken next and after them any gar-
ments requiring starch. For tablecloths, take a few
tablespoonfuls of made starch and dilute with boiling
water until you have thin water-starch, in which put
the tablecloths, shake them well and hang out to dry.
Stockings require especial care in washing. They
should be turned and rubbed on the wrong as well as
the right side; should be rinsed, wrung very dry and
hving up immediately. Colored stockings must never
be boiled.
TREATMENT OF FLANNELS.
Flannels should be washed in clean, tepid suds,
with a little ammonia in the water, or with water in
which Pearline has been dissolved. Wash them in
two waters, turning them in the second; rinse them
in clean water of the same temperature, shake them
and hang them immediately to dry, and iron the
samo day while still damp. Very thin flannels,
known as baby flannels, need not be hung up, but
when well shaken, rolled tightly in a dry towel for
several hours. Soap should never be used on flannels,
nor should they be put in hot water.
Calicoes should be washed in clean hot suds, rinsed,
starched and hung up to dry at once. Light calicoes
must bo washed in clean water and starched in clear
starch if you would have them look clean and fresh.
DRYING THE CIOTHES.
If the clothes are to be hung out of doors the line
should be put up early and thoroughly wiped.
In hanging out the clothes shake them out well,
turn them wrong side out and hang articles of the
same kind and sizo together, fastening two pieces with
ono clothespin. Expose to the sun and air as much
as possible, especially the starched clothes, in order
that they may be dried quickly.
Skirts should be hung- up by the bottom and not
doubled, never by the trimming; shirts by the shoul-
der; hang tablecloths and sheets double, being careful
that the selvage edges are even.
When the clothes are all hung out and you are
waiting for them to dry, wash out the tubs and buck-
ets and put them in their places upside down. If
they are not used every week, or are kept in a dry
place, leave a little water in them to prevent their
falling to pieces. Dry the clothes boiler thoroughly
and put it in its place; also the wash-board and the
wringer after oiling it. If the bluing bag or bottle is
empty, refill for the next washing day. Clear the
floor and tables.
If you began early and worked steadily you
should have all the clothes dry in time to sprinkle
and fold at night for the next day's ironing. Clothes
should be brought in as soon as dry, and put into л
clean place until all are dry, and you are ready to
sprinkle and fold them.
Clothespins should be kept in a clean bag or basket
and carelnlly put away as soon as tho clothes are
taken from the line. Arrange a pocket or bag in such
a way that it can be tied around the waist, placing
tho pocket on the right side. In this way you can
take a pin without stooping, and in taking down the
clothes can easily drop tho pins into tho bag.
SPRINKLING.
For sprinkling have a clean largo table, with a
basin of clear water at your right, and a basket to re-
ceive the clothes. Turn all tho unstarched articles
right side out. Fold the sheets and tablecloths first
lengthwise with tho right side out, then bring the two
ends together and fold again in the same direction.
Now take hold of the muidlo, as folded, and shake
well to bring out tho selvage edges, fold again and lay
aside for sprinkling.
Sprinkle the water lightly from the right hand.
Well sprinkled clothes are half ironed. Unstarched
clothes require but little sprinkling, excepting the
selvago edges and hems; these should be woll
dampened and turned inside to roll up. Tablecloths


24
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
and napkins should besprinkled all over and rolled
tight and smooth.
Starched clothes should not bo turned until just be-
fore ironing, as the turning will take the starch out
somewhat; for the samo reason do not pull thom
straight while dry. Sprinkle a dross or a skirt evenly
all over and roll tight in a towel. Lay all the starched
clothos in one end of the basket. Shirts and collars
may be laid aside until morning, as those need to re-
main only two hours before ironing.
To prepare the shirts for ironing in the morning,
make a cold starch by dissolving a teaspoonful of
starch in a pint of ivator. Dip and squeeze the bosoms
and cuffs and roll them tight, leaving the muslin parts
of the shirt dry.
When the clothes are sprinkled, folded and packed
away in the basket, cover them with some thick cloth
to prevent them from drying and set the basket in a
cool place.
IRONING.
For ironing, a good fire and hot irons are neces-
sary. It is well to have two large irons, two medium
sized, and two small.
The ironing table should be perfectly level and
very firm; never use the leaf of a table to iron on,
but only the solid part. Tho blanket may extend
over the leaf to allow plenty of room to spread out
largo articles.
The blanket should be folded very smoothly; no
seams or uneven places should como under where the
iron will p iss. Tho ironing sheet also should be laid
on smoothly and drawn tight over tho corners. To
hold all secure pin the corners down under the table.
Tho skirt and bosom board should bo ready for use,
with blanket and clean ironing sheets drawn tightly
over them.
Lay a thick piece of paper on the right-hand cor-
ner of the ironing table; upon this placo the iron
stand and cloth rubber. Have a piece of wax at
hand for smoothing the irons, a small dish of clear
warm water and a cloth for extra dampening.
Two good well made holders will be needed. Make
them of cotton.
Set the clothes frame ready to receive tho clothes
as they are ironed.
If tho irons are quite hot begin with the rough
towels and such things as can be ironed rapidly. In
ironing a sheet, leave it folded in eight thicknesses,
iron on both sides, refold and iron again, and so on
until it is ironed all over.
Tablecloths should bo left doubled tho long way.
Begin at one end and iron very carefully, bringing
out the edges straight and polishing the linen. Iron
both sides thoroughly, then fold, ironing all the folds.
Tablecloths, napkins, and handkerchiefs should be
ironed perfectly dry and not put upon the bars.
To iron a shirt, take first the back, then the yoke,
then the collar band, then the bosom, then the cuffs.
Allow clothes to hang on the bars over night to
secure against any dampness.
NOTES.
Copper boilers are best,'-because thoy do not rust.
Lemon juice will sometimes take out rust stains.
Salt water or ox gall will set the colors in calicoes.
Copper wire is a good substituto for ordinary
clothes lines.
Cold water takes out coffee stains. Boiling water
removes berry stains.
Fine handkerchiefs and those with colored borders
should never bo boiled.
Largo bottles of bluing are cheaper than small
ones. Keep bluing from the frost.
Ink stains may be removed by dipping in melted
lard or tallow. Wash out the tallow and the ink will
como out.
Starch is injured by freezing; therefore in severe
cold weather it is better to hang starched clothes in-
doors to dry.
Girls aro apt to use one iron until it is quito cool,
leaving the others to get burning hot, instead of
changing frequently.
If flat-irons become dirty, which should not happen
if they arc properly cared for, wash them in soap-
suds and scrape tho edges.
Colored clothes that are likely to fado should be
washed in cold water, with *' cold water soap," and
hung in a shady place to dry.
If one wishes to iron clothes immediately after
drying them, warm water should bo used in sprink-
ling, as that penetrates the cloth more quickly than
cold water.
Buy the best laundry soap. Always buy by the
box if possible. Soap is much cheaper by tho quan-
tity and far botter when thoroughly dry; therefore
take it out of tho box and pile it so that tho air can
reach it.
COMMENT8.
Some good housekeepers prefer not to soak clothes
over night, thinking that it sets stains and dirt rather
than loosens them.
In ironing sheets, many prefer to begin as with ta-
blecloths, rather than to fold in eight thicknesses.
Also, in hanging shirts to dry, to hang by tho skirt
rather than the shoulder.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
27
Cleveland Domestic Training School. Are these les-
sons and others in book form?
With best wishes for the success of your interesting
little magazine. Very truly,
Ellen C. Putnam,
Prest. IV. F. S.
[Back numbers of the Kitchen Garden, contain-
ing the lessons of the Cleveland Domestic Training
School and other lessons, can be obtained at the regu-
lar subscription price. They have not been published
in book form.]
New York City, March 5, 1888.
Cincinnati Kitchen Garden Association:
Ladies: A bound copy of your interesting and
useful little paper has been shown to me by a young
girl from your city who is a student at the New York
Industrial Education Association.
I have been so much pleased at hearing something
about the Kitchen Gardens outside of my own city,
and reading your extremely interesting accounts of
the spreading of industrial teaching, especially in the
branches of Domestic Economy, that 1 not only desire
to subscribe to your paper, but also to own a bound
copy from its first issue. Will this bo possible? If
so, and you will kindly send me the amount it will
cost, postage included, I will remit with a year's sub-
scription to the paper, the amount by P. O. order.
For five years I have had one or two classes a week
in Kitchen Garden, teaching the Huntington system,
with some few innovations, as were found necessary;
but in the main following the methods in which the
class 1 belonged were trained by Miss Huntington
herself. Of course a cooking school follows naturally
the Kitchen Garden; so at Trinity Mission House,
we had not only primary and advanced classes in
Kitcken Garden, but also a very nice little cooking
class, taught by a teacher from the .New York Cook-
ing School.
I rather fear the Kitchen Garden lessons are de-
creasing, but hope a re-action will take place, and
that in every Mission in our crowded city such schools
will find their place among the work.
Wilh every good wish for the success of your Asso-
ciation, I am, truly yours,
Louise Hall.
New York, April 9, 1888.
1 inclose a check drawn to your order for the
amount due for the Kitchen Garden papers which
have been received.
Next winter when we re-open the Trinity Kitchen
Garden and Cooking School, it will give me true
pleasure to send you an account of our new rooms,
aud the work we purpose doing. I think we shall try
to take less time for the singing and games and more
for real work.
Your journal has furnished me many new sugges-
tions upon which I am building, so as to be fully pre-
pared with plans for next winter's work.
I have really nothing of interest to tell you about
the St. James Kitchen Garden, it is for the children
of the parrish, is well attended; but 1 would like to
have more help in the work; this has been promised
for another season.
With regards and best wishes for the continued suc-
cess of your useful little paper, I am,
Sincerely yours, Louise Oakey Hall.
Philadelphia, March 9, 1888.
Inclosed please find postal order for number of
papers ordered.
I subscribed for the first two volumes of the
Kitchen Garden and found it very useful. At that
time I was superintendent of a large Kitchen Garden
School in Hoboken. Then we left Hoboken, and I
let the matter drop. A little Kitchen Garden exhi-
bition which wo gave here last November, and to
which I attached very little importance in itself, to
my great astonishment stirred up an interest in
Kitchen Gardens in Philadelphia. I was besieged for
information about teachers, either for new schools just
starting, or for old ones that would be revived.
With the assistance of a competent teacher I started a
normal class. We have had fourteen ladies in it this
winter. One of them has gone to England and car-
ried a Kitchen Garden outfit with her; one has gono
to take a position at Ithaca, and start a Kitchen
Garden there; and the others are nearly all teaching
in and around Philadelphia. Having suddenly and
unexpectedly found myself something of an authority
on such matters, I find it necesary to employ all the
help I can get, hence the order for all these numbers
of your paper. I am in constant communication
with Schermerhorn & Co.; but if you know of any
thing which they have not, on Cooking or Housework,
you would confer a great favor by letting me know.
Very sincerely yours, E. A. Merritt.
Morristown, Tenn, April 5, 1888.
Publishers of the Kitchen Garden:
Having heard of your interesting and instructive
paper in regard to this work, I write for a sample
copy, thinking that we will take it for a year if it will
give us any help in the work we have just commenced;


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
A BI-MONTHLY JOURNAL.
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THB
CINCINNATI KITCHEN GARDEN ASSOCIATION.
Miss Annie Laws. President, I Miss Ci.ara B. Fletcher. Trene.
Mrs. N. A. Jekeras, V.-P't, I Miss Elizabeth A. Goeppek, Sec.
gtSfSubsci-ili/Uui price, fifty cents per annum. Addreai, Тuк
KiTCHKS Oardk.n", 100 Dayton St., Cincinnati, O.
[ Entered ns second-class matter at the Post-office, Cincinnati, О. |
CINCINNATI, MAY, 1888.
We are indebted, this month, to some of our readers
for items of interest furnished from their own ex-
perience. We are very grateful, and hope others will
follow their example.
We hope those who have not yet paid their sub-
scriptions for Vol. V. will forward the amount, fifty
cents, as soon as possible. If more convenient, the
amount may be sent in stamps.
Please notify us of any failure to receive numbers
of the Kitchen Garden, and the missing numbers
will bo sent at once.
The National Industrial Education Aasociation held
a conference on industrial education on Tuesday,
April 3, in the Chapel of All Souls' Church in Wash-
ington, D. C.
Interesting papers were read by Judge MaeArthur,
Col. I. Edwards Clark, of the Bureau of Education,
and Prof. Payne, of Harvard University. In addi-
tion to these, Prof. Bobert Warder, of Harvard Uni-
versity, read an account of the formation and growth
of the Washington Cooking School, written by Mrs.
A. L. Woodbury, the founder of the school. Miss
Laws gave an account of the origin and progress of
the Kitchen Garden work in Cincinnati andelsewhere;
Miss Southworth told of the work accomplished by the
Cleveland Domestic Training School, and Mrs. Bull,
of the work being done in Buffalo; Mrs. Dietrick de-
scribed the Women's Educational and Industrial
Union, of Covington, Ky., and told what had been
accomplished since its formation.
The conference was of interest and benefit to those
who were present.
BETHANY MISSION KITCHEN GARDEN.
The Bethany Mission Kitchen Garden on Kibby
street, Walnut Hills (Cincinnati) was two years old
in January. The school is supported by Mrs. Thos.
McDongall. There are eleven teachers—nine volun-
teers, and two paid teachers having charge of cooking
and sewing. The large departments, in which the
real work is carried on, are the cooking, dining room,
bedroom, sewing and nursery—the remaining six di-
visions carry on the following occupations at the small
tables—table-setting with intermediate sized dishes,
table setting with the small table sets in boxes, bed-
room work with miniature furniture—this lesson in-
cludes in its course the lamp lesson—lesson on scouring
of silver, brass and tin, dishwashing with small dishes
and real water, fire lesson.
The school is unsectarian— rich and poor are alike
admitted and come. No girl under fourteen is admit-
ted to the cooking department. There is an average
attendance of seventy five. No luncheon is served.
The school session begins at two and closes at four
Saturday afternoons. Miss Ida Stevens is director of
the school. The work of this Kitchen Garden closed
in April after a most successful and interesting winter.
E. G.
NEW BOOKS.
The New Kindergarten; a Magazine for Teachers
and Parents. The first number will bo issued in
May, 1888. Alice B. Stockham & Co., Publishers,
161 LaSalle St., Chicago. Each number will contain
an outline for a week's lessons, explaining the use of
Kindergarten gifts, occupations, games and songs.
These will be illustrated and described so aceurately
that any inexperienced mother or teacher can follow
the program understandingly.
The Nursery Department will be full of sugges-
tions to all who are in charge of the very little ones,
and will teach wise and correct methods of giving
first impressions.
Die Mädchenschule is a new periodical beginning
in Bonn, and devoted solely to the discussion of the
education of girls.
In sprinkling great care should bo taken to dampen
evenly, and not in great splashes here and there,
leaving a part o"f the article quite dry. Avoid mak-
ing the unstarched clothes very damp. A much
longer time is required to iron clothes which aro too
moist. Even the finest starched clothes only need to
be thoroughly damp all over, not really wot.


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
31
claims of propagation and the training house have
been very perplexing.
It soon became apparent that I should need an As-
sociation to help me. The Earl Fortescue, who had
been a staunch friend from the beginning, kindly
offered his house for a drawing-room meeting and
there was formed the nucleus of an association now
called the National Housewifery Association. At the
same time feeling the need of a special organ I started
".Little Women" as a quarterly paper, printing it
myself, a page at a time, on a small hand-press.
.Referring to these numbers, we noto Mr. Ruskin's
kind message in the first: "I am so very proud to bo
of any use with name, or word, or hand, or eye to
such a school and such a plan ;" and in the second,
one from Earl Fortescue, when he says, "I feel con-
vinced the system is sound, and well deserves being
tried on a sufficiently large scale to convince the pub-
lic of its being both practical and practicable; both
very useful and capable of being brought into use."
The scheme has been favorably noticed in many
papers and magazines, and the sympathetic letters re-
ceived have been most encouraging. Thanks are due
Mr. John Hey wood of Manchester, for helping to
bring out the first manual, and to Mrs. Jarves Barber
for helping to get the toy models made. . .
At the beginning of 1887 I felt two things were im-
perative—a London center must be had, and the
country training house must be re-opened and not
again closed.
The success of both proves that I was right, and I
am sure it will be proved that I am right, too, in
making the paper Little Women, a monthly one. The
question now to be decided, is that of a larger train-
ing-house. This I leavo in the hands of the same
God who has brought the work to its present state;
sure that if it is His will it will come to pass. Janu-
ary 7, 1888.
The Training House.
Gloucestireshire: The Villa-Bullo,
Newnham-on-Severn.
It is intended that this shall be a Home School for
reduced middle and upper class girls, for whom less
provision is made than for the poor. They will re-
ceive a good English education, instruction in needle-
work, and all branches of housewifery. They may
also learn music and French. The special feature of
the school—the teaching of housewifery—will be
worked upon the three-fold plan with which the
movement has developed, viz.:
Domestic Kindergarten for the Little Ones.
A Junior Course of practical Housework for Older
Girls.
A Senior Course for imparting Scientific Knowl-
edge in Housewifery, Hygiene and Sanitary Subjects.
When it is desirable that girls should be taught
somethir.g more than this, in order to gain a liveli-
hood, special arrangements will be made for teaching
them type-setting, etc.
Efforts will be made to find situations for them
when trained, more particularly as teachers of this
system or domestic workers.
When arrangements have been made for the larger
house, teachers can be received at 10s. weekly; their
Practical Efficiency in Housework, Scientific Knowl-
edge in Housewifery, Hygiene and Sanitary Subjects,
Power of Teaching (Domestic Kindergarten, or Sen-
ior Course), will be stated on the Higher Grade Cer-
tificate of Merit, which can be gained by a course of
practical training at the Training House.—"Little
Women, February, 1888."
PLAIN SEWING.
TENTH LESSON IN THE CLEVELAND DOMESTIC TRAIN-
ING SCHOOL COURSE.
A sewing school should be provided with chairs low
enough to allow the children to sit with their feet
resting on tho floor, two or three pairs of sharp
scissors, a good supply of various kinds of needles
and thread, thimbles and plenty of work, cut and
basted. The children should be taught that clean
hands and nails are a necessary preparation for their
work, and that one should sit erect when sewing, as
a cramped position is bad, both for the work and the
worker. The practice of pinning the work down is
condemned on the ground that it tends to produce
round shoulders. A school is most easily managed
when divided into classes, and one teacher can hardly
give proper care and attention to more than eight
pupils. The work of each class should be kept by
itself, and for this purpose a large bng marked with
the class number for holding smaller bags, one for
each child, also numbered, will be found convenient.
The thread and needle used will of course depend
upon the material to be stitched; for ordinary pur-
poses a No. 8 needle, and fifty thread will be found
best. The piece of thread used should not be longer
than the arm of the sewer. In threading the needle
be careful to use the end that comes off first from tho
spool, not the end which is just broken off; you thus
prevent the thread from knotting; a knot at the end
of the thread should not be used unless absolutely
necessary, as in basting and gathering.
In cutting, hold the scissors with the pointed side


32
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
down. If you wish to cut two sides of a garment,
fold your cloth and cut double, laying the straight
edge of the pattern to the straight folded edge of the
cloth. You thus have the two pieces- exactly alike
and avoid the mistake of making both for one sido.
Bands and belts should be cut lengthwise of the
cloth, as they will not stretch if taken this way. Any
straight piece which is to be gathered should be cut
crosswise.
Linen should bo cut by a thread, but in cotton
goods it is best to tear off straight breadths.
It may be well to teach the older girls something
about the different kinds of material, and which it will
bo wisest to buy for special purposes. For beginners
the work should always be carefully basted, but in
advanced classes the girls may be allowed to baste for
themselves and thus learn to work independently of
their teacher. The lino of sewing should be close
under the basting, excepting, of course, in the over-
hand scam.
- The different kinds of stitches used on plain work
nro overhanding, running, hemming, backstitching,
gathering, overcasting, buttonhole and darning.
The overhand seam should be held between the
thumb and first finger; no knot should be made, but
a little of tho thread left to be sewed down with the
first few stitches and at the end of the seam the
thread should bo fastened by sowing back a few
stitches. When finished pull out the bastings, open
the scam and rub it down with the nail.
The rulo for fine running is to take up two threads
and skip two; for coarse work the same proportions
should be kept, that is, you should skip just as many
threads as you take up.
Л scam which is to be felled must be basted with
one edge higher than the other, this edge to be turned
over and hemmed down alter tho seam is stitched.
A fell seam should be sewed by taking one back stitch
aud one running stitch.
A hem must be carefully and evenly turned down,
and in laying a broad hem, measure every few inches.
Begin tho hem at the right hand corner, turning the
needle toward the right and leaving a little of the
thread to bo tucked under tho hem and sowed down
with the next few stitches. After the first stitch the
needle should be held nearly on a line with the hem
with the point toward the left hand. Finish the ends
by overhanding.
For gathering, divide tho work into halves and if
the piece of cloth is long, into quarters. The thread
should bo rather coarse and the piece used a little
longer than the part to which the gathering is to be
fastened. Begin to gather about a quarter of an inch
from the top if it is a raw edge, nearer if it is turned
down. Gathering differs from ordinary running, in that
you skip double as many threads as you take up; for
fine work take up two threads and skip four. ЛУЪon you
have finished draw up tho thread, twisting it around
a pin, and with a needle stroke the gathers; that is,
placo every one straight. Each quarter should be
hemmed, backstitched, or overhanded, as the case
may require, to tho band or part to which it is to be
fastened. For overcasting, tho edges of tho seam
should be evenly trimmed and the stitches should be
slanting and not too close or too deep.
A buttonhole should be cut long enough to reach
across tho middle of tho button. Before beginning
the buttonhole stitch, overcast closely and bar the
ends. Begin to work at the bottom of the left hand
side and hold the work along the first finger length-
wise. The buttonhole stitch is made by passing tho
thread around the needle after it is in position for
drawing through the cloth. Рог outsido garments
make tho head of the buttonhole round, that tho
button may fit in nicely. The foot of tho buttonhole
may be finished with a buttonhole bar.
A patch may be either hemmed in or darned on.
In darning, long stitches should bo worked one way
across the hole, then go tho other way, taking up
every other one of these stitches, eo that the hole is
filled with a kind of basket work made of cotton,
silk, or wool.
NOTES.
The plan of providing each child with a sampler
on which to practico these various stitches has been
found*a very successful ono. These samplers are
pieces of cotton cloth; soft, unbleached muslin is best.
A halt yard square is torn off and this square torn
lengthwise of the cloth into three pieces. These
pieces are then basted together, one soam to be run
and overcasted and one to be stitched and felled.
Red thread is used for sewing, and thus each stitch
stands out plainly, and careless work is visible at a
glance. Alter the seams are finished an inch wide
hem is basted around tho edge of tho sampler and
this done tho name of the scholar to whom it belongs
is written in the corner and worked in outline stitch.
But the samplers finished, the child is not yet ready
to make a garment for herself. It has been found
that the inexperienced fingers bungle sadly, many
stitehes must bo taken out and much good cloth is
spoiled in the attempt. A sample garment, or one
fitted to a good sized doll, is therefore given her, and
in this she not only puts what she has learned into
practice, but is initiated into the art of gathering,
putting on a band, and making a buttonhole.
Any child who has worked carefully and conscien-
tiously thus far has learned the elements of plain
sewing, and needs only practice to become a good
seamstress.


38
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
breaks readily the fowl is young and tender. . In old
chickens and turkeys. the flesh on the legs and back has
a dark, purple color. If your butcher has not drawn
your poultry, this must be done as soon as possible
after they reach the house, or tho meat will have a
strong, unpleasant taste. If the chicken should be at
all strong, let it stand for half an hour in water in
which a little baking soda has been dissolved. This
will sweeten all game.
Fish.—When the eyes are full and bright, tho
gills a clear red, and tho bodi7 stiff, the fish is fresh.
Never buy a stale fish. Fresh fish should be scaled
and cleaned on a dry table—never in water. When
cleaned, place them near ice, or in a cool place. If
frozen when they come from market, thaw them out
in cold water, though it is better never to buy frozen
fish. Whitefish and trout are the best of our lake
fish, though pike, bass, and pickerel aro very nice.
Tho little perch, caught near the shore, are usually
plent;ful and cheap, and arc very good. Salt cod-
fish is cheap, and can be cooked in many excellent
ways.
Vegetables.—Vegetables form an important part
of our diet. Among the safest to buy, and those that
are good the year round, are potatoes, turnips, car-
rots, parsnips, beets, onions, and cabbage. Smooth,
even, medium-sized potatoes are the most economical.
There are many varieties. "Burbanks" are a very
good winter potato. In buying these vegetables it is
better to buy often, for, if purchased in large quanti-
ties, they are apt to decay before used.
Lettuce, spinach, string beans, and peas snap
crisply in the hand when fresh. If they bend and
look wilted they arc not good.
Fruits are most healthful and refreshing. They
supply certain acids necessary to keep the system in
order, and should therefore be eaten freely when in
season.
Fruit should never be used after it has begun to
decay. Tho best winter oranges aro brought from
Florida. A good orange should have a thin skin,
and feel heavy in the hand. The Messina oranges
are cheaper than the Florida. They are small and
sour, but are good for slicing and for use in jellies
and cake.
Berries aro in season from Juno till August.
They should be eaten while they are firm and fresh.
Avoid gecen fruit, and never buy berries alter they
have become soft and mussy, no matter how cheap
they may seem. Peaches aie in market in Septem-
ber. A good housekeeper watches the market, and
when fruit is the most plentiful, and, therefore, the
cheapest, buys it for preserving, Morris whites are
tho best for brandy peaches. Most people prefer
clingstones for pickling.
Stores.—If yon have a large family, and a good
pantry or storeroom, it is more economical to buy
your groeeries in large quantities, but if your family
is small, it is better to buy things from week to week,
as needed. Flour is generally bought by the barrel.
Tho most expensive is the Minnesota patent; that
from the Pittsburg mills is considered, by one of our
largest dealers, tho best. Red wheat flour is cheaper,
and very good for general family use.
The "entire wheat flour' is that which contains
all the nutritious elements of the wheat. It is much
used of late, and is considered a healthy food. Twelve-
pound bags can be bought for fifty cents.
Coffee is better bought in the berry, and ground
each morning as needed. Ground coffee loses its
strength, and is apt to bo adulterated. Mocha and
Java are tho best coffees, and are sold for about
thirty cents a pound. Good Rio can be bought for
sixteen cents. Arbnckle coffee, sold in pound pack-
ages, sells for about the same price as Rio, and makes
much better coffee.
Teas.—Tho best teas, English Breakfast and
Oolong. aro sold for one dollar a pound, but a good
Oolong for family use can be bought for fifty cents.
Fairly good mixed teas can be bought for forty or
fifty cents. Cheaper teas than these are injurious.
Granulated Sugar is the most satisfactory for
general use. It is light and dry, and a pound of it
will go further than two pounds of the moist, cheaper
sugar. Loaf sugar is nice for tea and coffee. Pul-
verized sugar is sometimes used for cake making, al-
ways for frosting and for eating on fruit.
Laundry Soap.—The best German mottled soap
can be bought in boxes, sixty bars in a box, for §3.25.
As soap is much better when old, it is good economy
to buy by the quantity.
Oatmeal, cracked wheat, and hominy should be
used in every family. The best oatmeal is only four
cents a pound.
The purest spices aro put up in bottles.
The best baking powders are put up in cans.
Those sold loose can not be relied upon, for even if
good when first made, they loso their strength when
exposed to the air.
Butter.—The only safe way to buy butter is to
taste il. It should bo sweet and not too salt. It is
a mistake to think that any butter is good enough to
cook with. Many wholesome dishes have been en-
tir|ay spoiled by the use of poor butter. Butler read-
ily absorbs the flavoring of any neighboring sub-
stance. It should therefore be kept by itself in a cool


42
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
1. Facts and suggestions about fuel, stoves, grates,
and fire building.
2. Caro of bed-room, and how beds are made.
3. General sweeping, du«ling- and cleaning.
4. Care of bath-room.
5. Care of kerosene lamps.
G. Care of kitchen.
7. The nursery, and answering door-bell.
8. Instruction in si tting and waiting on table
9. Washing dishes and cooking utensils.
10. The laundry.
11. Marketing. ,
12. Plain sewing.
(Practice lessons are given whenever il is possible
in the large rooms.)
Complete sets of these lessons may be obtained by
sending one dollar to Kitchen Garden. 100 Dayton
street. Cincinnati. Ohio.
(The lesson on care of bath-room should have ap-
peared in an earlier number of the Kitchen Garden.
It was not received at that time, however, so takes
its place at the last of the series, although it properly
belongs alter the bed-room lessons. This entire
series has now been published in the Kitchen
Garden.)
The teachers in tho Kitchen Garden, the present
season, are as follows:
Director. Miss Annie Laws.
Dining-room. . Miss Clara B. Fletcher (Treas.).
T , ( Miss Alice Goepper
Laundry. {Miss Sue Griffith.
„ . . ( Miss Julia Hetlicb.
Cooking-room. 1 ... .... v .. c, t
ь ( Miss Elizabeth S. Laws.
Bed-room. Miss Laura Wayne.
Sewing. Miss Belle Duhme.
Tables. Miss Lottio Duhme.
Miss Ives.
Miss Mary Jones.
Miss Alice Jeffras.
Miss Sallie Forehheimer.
Miss Grace Cheever.
Pianist. Miss May Jeifras.
The following is a list of the dishes prepared in
the cooking class thus far this season. The recipes
have been given in other numbers of the Kitchen
Garden.
October 20. Cookies for the entire school.
October 27. Tomato soup, quick Swedish bread.
November 3. Lamb stew with rice, muffins.
November 10. Drop biscuits, maecaroni, coffee.
November 17. Indian meal mush, fried potatoes,
Dutch apple cake, lemon sauce.
November 24. Beefsteak, baking powder biscuits,
cold-slaw dressing.
December 1. Turkish pil,4f, mashed potatoes, choco-
late.
Deeember 8. Oatmeal, Graham gems, baked apples.
It is hoped that eventually a cooking school may
be established in connection with the Kitchen Garden,
,
so that the rooms may be utilized to their full capac-
ity during the week as well as on Saturday. and in
time, to add other classes as well.
Up to the present time, we have found our hands
full with the growth and development of the Kitchen
Garden into what may be now considered a Domestic
Training School. As our work has been largely-
original in character, we have had to work out our
methods slowly. We are always glad to receive sug-
gestions and criticisms from others, and to be able to
give in return the benefit of our advice or experience.
Visitors to the Kitchen Garden are always welcome
on Saturday morning.
The Christmas celebration will take place the Sat-
urday before Christmas (December 22), at 121 East
Third street. Donations will be gratefully received,
and may be sent to the school marked for the Kitchzn
Garden, or may be sent to any of the teachers, whose
names have been already given.
The Kitchen Garden is again indebted to Mrs. L.
B. Harrison for the milk which she sends each Sat-
urday, and which is thoroughly appreciated by the
children. Thanks are also extended to Mr. Lucien
Wulsin for the use of a piano.
A Christmas donation of five dollars has just been
received from Mrs. Minnie Stan wood Kenyon, one of
the former teachers of the Kitchen Garden.
A gift of one hundred and sixteen dollars, the pro-
ceeds from the sale of a table cover made by Miss
Laura Wachman, is most gratefully acknowledged.
Tho l'air given in September by Mrs. H. L. Laws
and Miss Lizzie Goepper, for the benefit of the Kit-
chen Garden and West Free Kindergarten, netted a
hundred and fitly dollars for each. Thanks are
cordially extended to them and to all who assisted in
making tho fair a success.
Several plays are to be given on. the evening of
December 19, by Miss Laura Wayne at her home on
Gholson avenue, Avondale, also tor the benefit of the
Kiteben Garden and West Free Kindergarten.
Thanks are extended to Miss Wayne for her ex-
ertions on behalf of the Kitchen Garden.
-


и
THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
been conducted by separate teathers. and in the
Kitchen Garden department each teacher makes her-
self perfectly familiar with all the details of certain
of the lessons, and the classes are changed to different
teachers as they are ready for different lessons. The
teachers are not allowed to use notes; they are ex-
pected to know their lessons thoroughly.
The bed-room lesson this л-eaг is made inore prac-
tical, as the dressing room of the church has been
fitted up as a regular bed room, with all necessary
articles of furniture.
The pupils had the usual festival at the holidays.
One encouraging feature this year has been the grow-
ing tendency on the part of the children tosend word
when they wen- going to leave, or when it was neces-
sary for them to be absent from the school. The
school is usually smaller toward spring.
Seventy-eight children have been visited this year,
some more than once, and we have found, on the part
of the' parents, a general satisfaction and apprecia-
tion of what we are trying to do.
Emily M. Everett,
Superintendent of Kitchen Garden.
The East Kitchen Garden, at Calvary Chapel,
opened the first Saturday in October with thirteen
girls. The following week three times that number
appeared. The girls represent a mixture of nation-
alities, the largest proportion being Bohemians. We
do not anticipate that a largo majority of these girls
will make housework their vocation. Indeed, wc do
not so much labor for that end as to teach them
how to be helpful and self-reliant in their homes, and
that they can succeed in no work without care and
method, and, above all, willing hands and heart. Wo
have admitted so fur none under eleven yi ara of age.
Л new departure has been that of charging a
monthly tuition of ten cents. The plan has proved
successful, the money being gladly given in every
ease but one, when the child was really too poor to pay.
In the sewing department, there have been finished
sixty-eight holders, twenty six samplers, twenty-five
pieces of darning. and four aprons, while twenty-one
aprons are waiting to be completed next year. The
little flannel squares, to be ornamented with different
kinds of darning, have proved a great success. Sev-
eral girls have exhibited rents in their dresses neatly
darned; others have reported being put in charge of
the family stocking basket. A prize offered for the
best sampler resulted in some very creditable pieces
of needlework. The school closed the last Saturday
'in May. The first year has been all that we could
wish as an experiment. It is needless to say that our
hopes are for still better things in the future.
Florence Harkness,
Superintendent.
At the close of a very interesting report of the
Kindergarten department connected with the Cleve-
land Domestic Training School (we regret we have
not sufficient space to give it in full), occurs the fol-
lowing summing up of the reasons for suspending
temporarily the work of this department:
"In closing this report, it may not be out of place
to say a word about the future. Olivet Chapel, our
present quarters, has been sold. Miss Piatt, our
superintendent, can not be with us next year. With
the building of the new bridge, and the consequent
changes, a number of families have moved away, and
the remaining children still too young for public
schools will probably find a place in the Kindergarten
of the New Friendly Inn, to be opened by the Young
Ladies' Branch of the Women's Christian Association,
so that our Kindergarten work in this neighborhood
ends with this report. Whether we start anew in
another locality next year, or whether we lend our
aid to the new Kindergarten, giving up for the pres-
ent our own work in this direction, it is for the asso-
ciation and the incoming board to determine; but
whatever may be done, we can truly say that never
before has the Kindergarten cause attracted the atten-
tion of so many able and earnest people, and never
has its future seemed more bright.
"Mary L. Southworth,
"Chairman of Kindergarten Dept."
extracts from réport of cooking school.
So successful was the result of our last year's work,
that we felt justified, the present season, in making
less effort to obtain pay pupils, and more to extend
instruction to working girls and women, and to young
girls. But the girls employed in shops and factories
are hard to reach, and do not seem to care to give up
even one evening a week to a cooking class; so that,
with the exception of one class from Baldwin's store,
supported by Mr. E. S. Baldwin, and one class at the
East End school, supported by Mr. Henry Sherwin,
we have had neither factory nor shop girls. Neither
is there any hirge demand among house servants for in-
structionsf one ch.ss a week was all we were able to fill.
Thirty lessons were given, and the average attendance
was seven. We have succeeded, however, in obtain-
ing a foot-hold for cooking in our public schools, the
beginning of a work vast in its possibilities, that a
year ago we did not even think of attempting.
Among the plans for the work of this year was one
to open a school in the midst of some crowded neigh-
borhood. where free instruction would be given to the
poor. We secured the co-operation of Mr. Doane,
pastor of Olivet Chapel, were given the use of a room,
the use of an oil stove, the service of the janitrese,
and, best of all. seventy-five women to begin with on
October 20. This large attendance, however, was
largely due to the fact that the occasion was a social
one, and supper was to be served afterward. The
classes continued for fourteen weeks, and the average
attendance was thirty-two. The total number who
availed themselves of this privilege was 458.
The dishes were all economical; the women were
told what each would cost, and their pleasure in the
discovery of cheap and at the same time appetizing
preparations of various dishes, was in itself a sufficient
reward for the effort involved. Many could neither
read nor write, and they would gather about Miss
Wiggin at the close of the lesson to have her repeat
over and over again the different ingredients.
By special request from many of the women, simple
[Continued on page 46.]


THE KITCHEN GARDEN.
47
from the high schools; and it is the" general opinion
of those having experience, that the younger girls aro
the most satisfactory pupils. Their intcrestis keener;
they have less work outside of school to do, more
time to practice cooking at home, and seem to profit
more by the lesson^. The classes of fifteen were
found to be more than one teacher could keep occu-
pied, so that it was necessary to divide them, one-
half working and the other half looking on. This
would often result in girls staying awaj on the days
they were unoccupied, and, as the lessons are pro-
gressive, it is of great importance that none be missed.
It would probably be better, another year, to have the
classes somewhat smaller, and give each girl a some-
what longer course. In the School of Cookery at
Washington, there is but one course, running through
the thirty weeks, so that eatrb girl has three times as
many lessons as we have been giving them. There
they are sent during school hours, .which insures
greater regularity. of attendance; and the superin-
tendent of one of the schools assured us that the girls
who were permitted, as a reward for diligence and
good conduct, to join the cooking class, had no diffi-
culty in making up the time taken from the school
sessions weekly.
Two of our teachers have received training from
Miss Wiggin, and have had experience in teaching
under her direction. Miss Van Duzen, with her two
years' experience. and the teaching of a large number
of public school children, is amply capable to con-
tinue the work, with Miss Campbell, who has taught
the Kitchen Garden classes. to assist her; so that,
while we shall not be able to secure Miss Wiggin's
service for another year, we hope, with diminished
expenses in the way of salaries, we may be able to
give more time to the instruction of free classes, and
depend less on the support received from pay pupils.
In regard to finances: Our work is, at best. a costly
one, and we must ask all who are interested to help
us to improve our work and to extend it from year to
year until such time as the state or municipal author-
ities relieve us from our responsibilities by making
it as easy for a girl to learn to cook as it is now for
her to learn to read.
The following is a list of number of pupils from
October 1, 1887, to May 1, 1888:
East Cleveland School, . 2t!
Scholarship class, ... 10
Pay classes, . . . .40
Public school children, . . 421
Kitchen Garden classes, . . 18
Servant classes, ... 20
In practice classes, . . 535
In pay classes (demonstration), . 85
Olivet Chapel classes (demonstration), 458
Total, . 0 . . 1078
Total receipts in money, . §2,2^3 53
Total expenses, . " . 2,181 23
A NEW DEPARTURE.
A " Domestic Science Laboratory " has been opened
at the North field Seminary (Mr. Moody's School for
Girls), Mt. Hormon, Mass. The room has been tastily,
but not extravagantly furnished with the essentials
for teaching this important part of a woman's educa-
tion. The course of instruction has been arranged
by Miss Emily Huntington. whose Kitchen Garden
(a method of teaching children with toys, was the
first system by which large classes were ever in-
structed with housework.
These classes were taught under M iss Huntington's
directions by many volunteer teachers, who still at-
tribute their household skill to the ideas they them-
selves absorbed while teaching the children; and on
all sides has come the petition for lessons suitable for
older scholars with underlying principles and positive
rules. At last this has been accomplished. Miss Hunt-
ington has furnished the lessons. She has never felt
thai a school entirely devoted to housework met the
requirement of the age, but a method that would fit
smoothly in a school curriculum, would be much
more desirble. She has, therefore, given a teacher
of her own training the opportunity to study into
the various methods pursued in Boston, New York.
and Brooklyn; in addition to this, she has taken les-
sens in one of the best laundries, has had lessons from
teachers of decorative art, and i rom Miss Kirkwood
in needle work; and spent a year at the Wilson Mis-
sion, teaching Kitchen Garden and Cooking classes,
and exhibited both of these systems at the New Or-
leans Exposition, under the auspices of the National
Bureau of Education; and this lady is to teach Do-
mestic Science, the lessons culled and directed by
Miss. Huntington, whoso years of experience in
the work have made her a practiced judge of the
points that must be acquired; omitting much that
would bo an advantage could pupils devote unlimited
timo to this study. Thus Mr. Moody's school is the
first and only boarding-school where housework is
taught in class-room. There are others where the
work in the establishment is performed by the pupils,
to save expense, which is a very doubtful economy
when the workers are ignorant of the simplest prin-
ciples of thrift and chemistry. All over our land are
schools in need of just such a department. Girls will
make better wives, mothers, sisters, missionaries, and
nurses, for having learned these lessons. The hope
is, that Northfield Seminary may be a nursery for
teachers who, through Miss Huntington, may not
only find an opportunity to do a good Work, but earn
a livelihood.
Can any friends of this good work fail to be inter-
ested in this new departure? L. H. L.
— The Hermonite, October, 1888.
The classes in the Domestic Science Laboratory at
Marquand Hall are now organized. Miss Hunting-
ton, of the Wilson Mission, of New York, who has
arranged the course, and left her representative to