id sid tid token lemma pos cord-010188-884d196k 1 1 key key JJ cord-010188-884d196k 1 2 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 1 3 cord-010188 cord-010188 NNP cord-010188-884d196k 1 4 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 1 5 884d196k 884d196k NN cord-010188-884d196k 1 6 authors author NNS cord-010188-884d196k 1 7 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 1 8 Schlesinger Schlesinger NNP cord-010188-884d196k 1 9 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 1 10 Sondra Sondra NNP cord-010188-884d196k 1 11 title title NN cord-010188-884d196k 1 12 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 1 13 Alphaviruses Alphaviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 1 14 — — : cord-010188-884d196k 1 15 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 1 16 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 1 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 1 18 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 1 19 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 1 20 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 1 21 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 1 22 date date NN cord-010188-884d196k 1 23 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 1 24 2004 2004 CD cord-010188-884d196k 1 25 - - SYM cord-010188-884d196k 1 26 08 08 CD cord-010188-884d196k 1 27 - - SYM cord-010188-884d196k 1 28 26 26 CD cord-010188-884d196k 1 29 journal journal NN cord-010188-884d196k 1 30 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 2 1 Trends trend NNS cord-010188-884d196k 3 1 Biotechnol Biotechnol NNP cord-010188-884d196k 3 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-010188-884d196k 3 3 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 4 1 10.1016/0167 10.1016/0167 CD cord-010188-884d196k 4 2 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 4 3 7799(93)90070-p 7799(93)90070-p CD cord-010188-884d196k 4 4 sha sha NNP cord-010188-884d196k 4 5 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 5 1 654133fc5a86c32e4308b9fbfa434189ae2f5d3f 654133fc5a86c32e4308b9fbfa434189ae2f5d3f CD cord-010188-884d196k 5 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-010188-884d196k 5 3 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 5 4 10188 10188 CD cord-010188-884d196k 5 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-010188-884d196k 5 6 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 6 1 884d196k 884d196k IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 2 DNA dna NN cord-010188-884d196k 6 3 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 6 4 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 6 5 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 6 6 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 6 7 well well RB cord-010188-884d196k 6 8 established establish VBN cord-010188-884d196k 6 9 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 10 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 6 11 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 6 13 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 6 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 15 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 6 16 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 6 17 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 6 18 but but CC cord-010188-884d196k 6 19 there there EX cord-010188-884d196k 6 20 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 6 21 increasing increase VBG cord-010188-884d196k 6 22 interest interest NN cord-010188-884d196k 6 23 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 24 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 6 25 possibilities possibility NNS cord-010188-884d196k 6 26 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 27 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 6 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 6 29 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 6 30 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 6 31 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 6 32 do do VBP cord-010188-884d196k 6 33 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 6 34 replicate replicate VB cord-010188-884d196k 6 35 through through IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 36 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 6 37 DNA dna NN cord-010188-884d196k 6 38 intermediate intermediate NN cord-010188-884d196k 6 39 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 6 40 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 6 41 this this DT cord-010188-884d196k 6 42 purpose purpose NN cord-010188-884d196k 6 43 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 7 1 This this DT cord-010188-884d196k 7 2 article article NN cord-010188-884d196k 7 3 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 7 4 some some DT cord-010188-884d196k 7 5 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 7 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 7 7 general general JJ cord-010188-884d196k 7 8 properties property NNS cord-010188-884d196k 7 9 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 7 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 7 11 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 7 12 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 7 13 concentrates concentrate VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 7 14 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 7 15 one one CD cord-010188-884d196k 7 16 class class NN cord-010188-884d196k 7 17 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 7 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 7 19 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 7 20 — — : cord-010188-884d196k 7 21 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 7 22 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 7 23 — — : cord-010188-884d196k 7 24 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 7 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 7 26 potential potential NN cord-010188-884d196k 7 27 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 7 28 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 7 29 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 7 30 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 8 1 Virology Virology NNP cord-010188-884d196k 8 2 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 8 3 celebrating celebrate VBG cord-010188-884d196k 8 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 8 5 centennial centennial NN cord-010188-884d196k 8 6 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 8 7 1992 1992 CD cord-010188-884d196k 8 8 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 9 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 9 2 existence existence NN cord-010188-884d196k 9 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 9 4 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 9 5 filtrable filtrable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 9 6 infectious infectious JJ cord-010188-884d196k 9 7 agent agent NN cord-010188-884d196k 9 8 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 9 9 first first RB cord-010188-884d196k 9 10 recognized recognize VBN cord-010188-884d196k 9 11 100 100 CD cord-010188-884d196k 9 12 years year NNS cord-010188-884d196k 9 13 ago ago RB cord-010188-884d196k 9 14 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 9 15 when when WRB cord-010188-884d196k 9 16 studies study NNS cord-010188-884d196k 9 17 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 9 18 Russia Russia NNP cord-010188-884d196k 9 19 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 9 20 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 9 21 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-010188-884d196k 9 22 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 9 23 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 9 24 infectious infectious JJ cord-010188-884d196k 9 25 agent agent NN cord-010188-884d196k 9 26 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 9 27 caused cause VBD cord-010188-884d196k 9 28 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 9 29 mosaic mosaic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 9 30 disease disease NN cord-010188-884d196k 9 31 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 9 32 tobacco tobacco NN cord-010188-884d196k 9 33 plants plant NNS cord-010188-884d196k 9 34 led lead VBD cord-010188-884d196k 9 35 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 9 36 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 9 37 concept concept NN cord-010188-884d196k 9 38 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 9 39 infectious infectious JJ cord-010188-884d196k 9 40 agents agent NNS cord-010188-884d196k 9 41 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 9 42 were be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 9 43 smaller small JJR cord-010188-884d196k 9 44 than than IN cord-010188-884d196k 9 45 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-010188-884d196k 9 46 1 1 CD cord-010188-884d196k 9 47 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 10 1 At at IN cord-010188-884d196k 10 2 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 10 3 beginning beginning NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 10 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 10 6 20th 20th JJ cord-010188-884d196k 10 7 century century NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 8 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 10 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 10 10 first first JJ cord-010188-884d196k 10 11 human human JJ cord-010188-884d196k 10 12 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 13 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 10 14 discovered discover VBN cord-010188-884d196k 10 15 yellow yellow JJ cord-010188-884d196k 10 16 fever fever NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 17 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 18 -and -and : cord-010188-884d196k 10 19 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 10 20 much much JJ cord-010188-884d196k 10 21 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 10 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 10 23 intervening intervene VBG cord-010188-884d196k 10 24 time time NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 25 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 10 26 study study NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 27 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 10 28 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 10 29 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 10 30 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 10 31 involved involve VBN cord-010188-884d196k 10 32 primarily primarily RB cord-010188-884d196k 10 33 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 10 34 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 10 35 identification identification NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 36 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 10 37 characterization characterization NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 38 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 10 39 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 10 40 agents agent NNS cord-010188-884d196k 10 41 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 10 42 cause cause VBP cord-010188-884d196k 10 43 disease disease NN cord-010188-884d196k 10 44 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 11 1 However however RB cord-010188-884d196k 11 2 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 11 3 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 11 4 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 11 5 now now RB cord-010188-884d196k 11 6 beginning begin VBG cord-010188-884d196k 11 7 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 11 8 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 11 9 associated associate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 11 10 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 11 11 only only RB cord-010188-884d196k 11 12 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 11 13 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 11 14 cause cause NN cord-010188-884d196k 11 15 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 11 16 disease disease NN cord-010188-884d196k 11 17 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 11 18 but but CC cord-010188-884d196k 11 19 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 11 20 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 11 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 11 22 cure cure NN cord-010188-884d196k 11 23 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 12 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 12 2 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 12 3 being be VBG cord-010188-884d196k 12 4 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 12 5 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 6 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 12 7 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 12 9 introduction introduction NN cord-010188-884d196k 12 10 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 11 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 12 12 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 12 13 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 14 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 12 15 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 12 16 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 12 17 means mean VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 12 18 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 12 20 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 12 21 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 12 22 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 12 23 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 24 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 12 25 delivery delivery NN cord-010188-884d196k 12 26 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 27 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 12 28 agents agent NNS cord-010188-884d196k 12 29 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 30 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 12 31 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 12 32 as as RB cord-010188-884d196k 12 33 well well RB cord-010188-884d196k 12 34 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 35 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 12 36 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 12 37 therapy therapy NN cord-010188-884d196k 12 38 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 13 1 1KNA 1kna LS cord-010188-884d196k 14 1 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 14 2 infect infect VBP cord-010188-884d196k 14 3 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 14 4 wide wide JJ cord-010188-884d196k 14 5 range range NN cord-010188-884d196k 14 6 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 14 7 organisms organism NNS cord-010188-884d196k 14 8 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 14 9 both both DT cord-010188-884d196k 14 10 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 14 11 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 14 12 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 14 13 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 15 1 An an DT cord-010188-884d196k 15 2 important important JJ cord-010188-884d196k 15 3 feature feature NN cord-010188-884d196k 15 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 15 5 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 15 6 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 15 7 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 15 8 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 15 9 many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 15 10 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 15 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 15 12 produce produce VBP cord-010188-884d196k 15 13 high high JJ cord-010188-884d196k 15 14 S. S. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 15 15 Schlesinger Schlesinger NNP cord-010188-884d196k 15 16 levels level NNS cord-010188-884d196k 15 17 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 15 18 specific specific JJ cord-010188-884d196k 15 19 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 15 20 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 15 21 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 15 22 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 15 23 makes make VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 15 24 them -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 15 25 good good JJ cord-010188-884d196k 15 26 candidates candidate NNS cord-010188-884d196k 15 27 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 15 28 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 15 29 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 15 30 heterologous heterologous NNP cord-010188-884d196k 15 31 gene gene NNP cord-010188-884d196k 15 32 expression2 expression2 NNP cord-010188-884d196k 15 33 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 15 34 3 3 CD cord-010188-884d196k 15 35 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 16 1 To to TO cord-010188-884d196k 16 2 use use VB cord-010188-884d196k 16 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 16 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 16 5 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 16 6 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 7 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 16 8 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 16 9 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 10 necessitates necessitate VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 16 11 first first RB cord-010188-884d196k 16 12 converting convert VBG cord-010188-884d196k 16 13 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 16 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 16 15 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 16 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 16 17 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 16 18 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 16 19 complementary complementary JJ cord-010188-884d196k 16 20 DNA dna NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 16 22 eDNA edna NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 16 24 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 16 25 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 16 26 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 16 27 then then RB cord-010188-884d196k 16 28 placed place VBN cord-010188-884d196k 16 29 downstream downstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 16 30 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 16 31 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 16 32 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 33 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 16 34 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 16 35 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-010188-884d196k 16 36 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 16 37 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 38 DNA dna NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 39 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 16 40 dependent dependent JJ cord-010188-884d196k 16 41 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 16 42 polymerase polymerase NN cord-010188-884d196k 16 43 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 17 1 Inserts Inserts NNP cord-010188-884d196k 17 2 ofheterologous ofheterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 17 3 DNA DNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 17 4 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 17 5 encode encode VBP cord-010188-884d196k 17 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 17 7 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 17 8 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 17 9 interest interest NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 10 may may MD cord-010188-884d196k 17 11 then then RB cord-010188-884d196k 17 12 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 17 13 introduced introduce VBN cord-010188-884d196k 17 14 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 17 15 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 17 16 eDNA edna NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 17 downstream downstream NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 18 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 17 19 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 17 20 strong strong JJ cord-010188-884d196k 17 21 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 17 22 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 23 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 17 24 standard standard JJ cord-010188-884d196k 17 25 restriction restriction NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 26 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 17 27 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 28 digestion digestion NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 29 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 17 30 ligation ligation NN cord-010188-884d196k 17 31 techniques technique NNS cord-010188-884d196k 17 32 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 18 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 18 2 whole whole JJ cord-010188-884d196k 18 3 eDNA edna NN cord-010188-884d196k 18 4 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 18 5 then then RB cord-010188-884d196k 18 6 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-010188-884d196k 18 7 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 18 8 vitro vitro FW cord-010188-884d196k 18 9 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 18 10 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 18 11 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 18 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 18 13 polymerase polymerase NN cord-010188-884d196k 18 14 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 18 15 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 18 16 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 18 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 18 18 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 18 19 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 18 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 18 21 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 18 22 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 18 23 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 18 24 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 18 25 many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 18 26 cases case NNS cord-010188-884d196k 18 27 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 18 28 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 18 29 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 18 30 directly directly RB cord-010188-884d196k 18 31 transfected transfecte VBN cord-010188-884d196k 18 32 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 18 33 cultured cultured JJ cord-010188-884d196k 18 34 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 18 35 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 18 36 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 18 37 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 18 38 plants plant NNS cord-010188-884d196k 18 39 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 18 40 animals animal NNS cord-010188-884d196k 18 41 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 19 1 Many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 19 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 19 3 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 19 4 possess possess VBP cord-010188-884d196k 19 5 relatively relatively RB cord-010188-884d196k 19 6 small small JJ cord-010188-884d196k 19 7 genomes genome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 19 8 ; ; : cord-010188-884d196k 19 9 cloning clone VBG cord-010188-884d196k 19 10 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 19 11 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 19 12 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-010188-884d196k 19 13 eDNA edna NN cord-010188-884d196k 19 14 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 19 15 therefore therefore RB cord-010188-884d196k 19 16 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 19 17 accomplished accomplish VBN cord-010188-884d196k 19 18 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 19 19 only only RB cord-010188-884d196k 19 20 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 19 21 few few JJ cord-010188-884d196k 19 22 steps step NNS cord-010188-884d196k 19 23 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 20 1 Many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 20 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 20 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 20 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 20 5 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 20 6 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 20 7 infcct infcct NNP cord-010188-884d196k 20 8 higher high JJR cord-010188-884d196k 20 9 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 20 10 organisms organism NNS cord-010188-884d196k 20 11 replicate replicate VBP cord-010188-884d196k 20 12 exclusively exclusively RB cord-010188-884d196k 20 13 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 20 14 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 20 15 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-010188-884d196k 20 16 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 20 17 hence hence RB cord-010188-884d196k 20 18 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 20 19 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 20 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 20 21 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 20 22 will will MD cord-010188-884d196k 20 23 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 20 24 independent independent JJ cord-010188-884d196k 20 25 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 20 26 host host NN cord-010188-884d196k 20 27 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-010188-884d196k 20 28 functions function NNS cord-010188-884d196k 20 29 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 20 30 will will MD cord-010188-884d196k 20 31 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 20 32 involve involve VB cord-010188-884d196k 20 33 any any DT cord-010188-884d196k 20 34 splicing splicing NN cord-010188-884d196k 20 35 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 21 1 Not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 21 2 all all DT cord-010188-884d196k 21 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 21 4 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 21 5 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 21 6 however however RB cord-010188-884d196k 21 7 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 21 8 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 21 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 21 10 same same JJ cord-010188-884d196k 21 11 mode mode NN cord-010188-884d196k 21 12 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 21 13 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 21 14 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 21 15 this this DT cord-010188-884d196k 21 16 affects affect VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 21 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 21 18 strategy strategy NN cord-010188-884d196k 21 19 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 21 20 must must MD cord-010188-884d196k 21 21 reviews review NNS cord-010188-884d196k 21 22 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 21 23 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 21 24 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 21 25 engineering engineer VBG cord-010188-884d196k 21 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 21 27 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 21 28 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 21 29 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 21 30 obtain obtain VB cord-010188-884d196k 21 31 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 21 32 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 21 33 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 21 34 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 21 35 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 21 36 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 22 1 A a DT cord-010188-884d196k 22 2 key key JJ cord-010188-884d196k 22 3 feature feature NN cord-010188-884d196k 22 4 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 22 5 divides divide VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 22 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 22 7 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 22 8 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 22 9 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 22 10 categories category NNS cord-010188-884d196k 22 11 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 22 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 22 13 ' ' `` cord-010188-884d196k 22 14 polarity polarity NN cord-010188-884d196k 22 15 ' ' '' cord-010188-884d196k 22 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 22 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 22 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 22 19 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 22 20 4 4 CD cord-010188-884d196k 22 21 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 23 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 23 2 genomes genome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 23 3 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 23 4 positive positive JJ cord-010188-884d196k 23 5 polarity polarity NN cord-010188-884d196k 23 6 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 23 7 those those DT cord-010188-884d196k 23 8 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 23 9 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 23 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 23 11 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 23 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 23 13 functions function NNS cord-010188-884d196k 23 14 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 23 15 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 23 16 mRNA mrna NN cord-010188-884d196k 23 17 ; ; : cord-010188-884d196k 23 18 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 23 19 naked naked JJ cord-010188-884d196k 23 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 23 21 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 23 22 added add VBN cord-010188-884d196k 23 23 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 23 24 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 23 25 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 23 26 infectious infectious JJ cord-010188-884d196k 23 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 23 28 i.e. i.e. FW cord-010188-884d196k 23 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 23 30 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 23 31 able able JJ cord-010188-884d196k 23 32 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 23 33 initiate initiate VB cord-010188-884d196k 23 34 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 23 35 steps step NNS cord-010188-884d196k 23 36 leading lead VBG cord-010188-884d196k 23 37 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 23 38 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 23 39 production production NN cord-010188-884d196k 23 40 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 23 41 new new JJ cord-010188-884d196k 23 42 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 23 43 progeny progeny NN cord-010188-884d196k 23 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 23 45 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 24 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 24 2 gcnomes gcnomes NNP cord-010188-884d196k 24 3 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 24 4 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 24 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 24 6 sequence sequence NN cord-010188-884d196k 24 7 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 24 8 complementary complementary JJ cord-010188-884d196k 24 9 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 24 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 24 11 mRNA mrna NN cord-010188-884d196k 24 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 24 13 i.e. i.e. FW cord-010188-884d196k 24 14 negative negative JJ cord-010188-884d196k 24 15 polarity polarity NN cord-010188-884d196k 24 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 24 17 must must MD cord-010188-884d196k 24 18 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 24 19 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-010188-884d196k 24 20 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 24 21 mRNA mrna NN cord-010188-884d196k 24 22 before before IN cord-010188-884d196k 24 23 translation translation NN cord-010188-884d196k 24 24 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 24 25 yield yield VB cord-010188-884d196k 24 26 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 24 27 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 24 28 occur occur VB cord-010188-884d196k 24 29 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 25 1 Negative negative JJ cord-010188-884d196k 25 2 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 25 3 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 25 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 25 5 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 25 6 contain contain VBP cord-010188-884d196k 25 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 25 8 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-010188-884d196k 25 9 required require VBN cord-010188-884d196k 25 10 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 25 11 transcription transcription NN cord-010188-884d196k 26 1 O o UH cord-010188-884d196k 26 2 f f XX cord-010188-884d196k 27 1 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 27 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 27 3 within within IN cord-010188-884d196k 27 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 27 5 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 27 6 particle particle NN cord-010188-884d196k 27 7 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 28 1 Although although IN cord-010188-884d196k 28 2 this this DT cord-010188-884d196k 28 3 makes make VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 28 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 28 5 engineering engineering NN cord-010188-884d196k 28 6 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 28 7 such such JJ cord-010188-884d196k 28 8 genomes genome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 28 9 more more RBR cord-010188-884d196k 28 10 complex complex JJ cord-010188-884d196k 28 11 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 28 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 28 13 feasibility feasibility NN cord-010188-884d196k 28 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 28 15 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 28 16 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 28 17 genomes genome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 28 18 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 28 19 express express VB cord-010188-884d196k 28 20 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 28 21 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 28 22 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 28 23 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 28 24 established establish VBN cord-010188-884d196k 28 25 5,6 5,6 CD cord-010188-884d196k 28 26 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 29 1 Two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 29 2 other other JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 3 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-010188-884d196k 29 4 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 29 5 vary vary VBP cord-010188-884d196k 29 6 among among IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 29 8 different different JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 9 RNA rna NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 10 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 29 11 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 12 families family NNS cord-010188-884d196k 29 13 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 29 14 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 29 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 16 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 29 18 potential potential JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 19 use use NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 20 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 21 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 22 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 29 23 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 29 24 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 29 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 29 26 1 1 LS cord-010188-884d196k 29 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 29 28 whether whether IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 29 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 29 30 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 31 exists exist VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 29 32 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 33 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 29 34 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 35 molecule molecule NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 36 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 29 38 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 29 39 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 40 several several JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 41 molecules molecule NNS cord-010188-884d196k 29 42 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 29 43 different different JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 44 structure structure NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 29 46 i.e. i.e. FW cord-010188-884d196k 29 47 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 29 48 ' ' `` cord-010188-884d196k 29 49 segmented segmented JJ cord-010188-884d196k 29 50 ' ' '' cord-010188-884d196k 29 51 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 29 53 ; ; : cord-010188-884d196k 29 54 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 29 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 29 56 2 2 LS cord-010188-884d196k 29 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 29 58 how how WRB cord-010188-884d196k 29 59 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 29 60 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 29 61 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 29 62 translated translate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 29 63 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 30 1 Many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 30 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 30 3 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 30 4 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 30 5 segmented segment VBN cord-010188-884d196k 30 6 genomes genome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 30 7 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 30 8 examples example NNS cord-010188-884d196k 30 9 include include VBP cord-010188-884d196k 30 10 both both CC cord-010188-884d196k 30 11 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 30 12 negative negative JJ cord-010188-884d196k 30 13 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 30 14 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 30 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 30 16 myxoviruses myxovirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 30 17 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 30 18 most most RBS cord-010188-884d196k 30 19 notably notably RB cord-010188-884d196k 30 20 influenza influenza JJ cord-010188-884d196k 30 21 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 30 22 ; ; : cord-010188-884d196k 30 23 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 30 24 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 30 25 positive positive JJ cord-010188-884d196k 30 26 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 30 27 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 30 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 30 29 plant plant NN cord-010188-884d196k 30 30 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 30 31 such such JJ cord-010188-884d196k 30 32 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 30 33 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 30 34 bromovimses bromovimse NNS cord-010188-884d196k 30 35 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 30 36 cucumoviruses cucumoviruse NNS cord-010188-884d196k 30 37 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 31 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 31 2 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 31 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 31 4 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 31 5 such such JJ cord-010188-884d196k 31 6 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 31 7 togaviruses togaviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 31 8 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 31 9 picornaviruses picornaviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 31 10 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 31 11 flaviviruses flaviviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 31 12 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 31 13 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 31 14 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 31 15 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 31 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 31 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 31 18 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 31 19 positive positive JJ cord-010188-884d196k 31 20 polari polari NNP cord-010188-884d196k 31 21 W. W. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 32 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 32 2 latter latter JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 3 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 32 4 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 32 5 families family NNS cord-010188-884d196k 32 6 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 32 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 32 8 genomes genome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 32 9 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 32 10 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 32 11 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 12 open open JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 13 reading reading NN cord-010188-884d196k 32 14 frame frame NN cord-010188-884d196k 32 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 32 16 ORF ORF NNP cord-010188-884d196k 32 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 32 18 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 32 19 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 32 20 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 32 21 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 32 22 individual individual JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 23 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 24 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 32 25 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 32 26 generated generate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 32 27 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 32 28 co co NN cord-010188-884d196k 32 29 - - JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 30 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 32 31 posttranslational posttranslational JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 32 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 32 33 cleavages cleavage NNS cord-010188-884d196k 32 34 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 33 1 Insertions insertion NNS cord-010188-884d196k 33 2 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 33 3 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 33 4 genomes genome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 33 5 must must MD cord-010188-884d196k 33 6 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 33 7 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 33 8 frame frame NN cord-010188-884d196k 33 9 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 33 10 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 33 11 must must MD cord-010188-884d196k 33 12 permit permit VB cord-010188-884d196k 33 13 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 33 14 correct correct JJ cord-010188-884d196k 33 15 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 33 16 processing processing NN cord-010188-884d196k 33 17 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 34 1 Efforts effort NNS cord-010188-884d196k 34 2 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 34 3 insert insert VB cord-010188-884d196k 34 4 small small JJ cord-010188-884d196k 34 5 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 34 6 epitopes epitope NNS cord-010188-884d196k 34 7 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 34 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 34 9 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-010188-884d196k 34 10 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 34 11 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 34 12 met meet VBN cord-010188-884d196k 34 13 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 34 14 success success NN cord-010188-884d196k 34 15 7 7 CD cord-010188-884d196k 34 16 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 35 1 Togaviruses Togaviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 35 2 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 35 3 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-010188-884d196k 35 4 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 35 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 35 6 plant plant NN cord-010188-884d196k 35 7 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 35 8 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 35 9 bromoviruses bromoviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 35 10 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 35 11 cucumoviruses cucumoviruses NNPS cord-010188-884d196k 35 12 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 35 13 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 35 14 examples example NNS cord-010188-884d196k 35 15 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 35 16 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 35 17 families family NNS cord-010188-884d196k 35 18 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 35 19 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 35 20 translation translation NN cord-010188-884d196k 35 21 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 35 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 35 23 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 35 24 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 35 25 involved involve VBN cord-010188-884d196k 35 26 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 35 27 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 35 28 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 35 29 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 35 30 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 35 31 translation translation NN cord-010188-884d196k 35 32 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 35 33 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 35 34 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 35 35 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 35 36 essential essential JJ cord-010188-884d196k 35 37 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 35 38 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 35 39 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 35 40 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 35 41 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 35 42 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 35 43 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 35 44 independent independent JJ cord-010188-884d196k 35 45 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 36 1 During during IN cord-010188-884d196k 36 2 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 36 3 course course NN cord-010188-884d196k 36 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 36 5 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 36 6 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 36 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 36 8 infected infected JJ cord-010188-884d196k 36 9 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 36 10 produces produce VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 36 11 both both CC cord-010188-884d196k 36 12 genomicand genomicand NNP cord-010188-884d196k 36 13 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 36 14 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 36 15 sized sized JJ cord-010188-884d196k 36 16 mRNAs mrna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 36 17 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 37 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 37 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 37 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 37 4 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 37 5 translated translate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 37 6 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 37 7 produce produce VB cord-010188-884d196k 37 8 some some DT cord-010188-884d196k 37 9 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 37 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 37 11 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 37 12 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 37 13 specific specific JJ cord-010188-884d196k 37 14 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 37 15 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 37 16 but but CC cord-010188-884d196k 37 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 37 18 other other JJ cord-010188-884d196k 37 19 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 37 20 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 37 21 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 37 22 translated translate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 37 23 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 37 24 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 37 25 RNAs RNAs NNPS cord-010188-884d196k 37 26 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 38 1 Alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 38 2 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 38 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 38 4 major major JJ cord-010188-884d196k 38 5 genus genus NN cord-010188-884d196k 38 6 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 38 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 38 8 Togavirus Togavirus NNP cord-010188-884d196k 38 9 family family NN cord-010188-884d196k 38 10 8 8 CD cord-010188-884d196k 38 11 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 39 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 39 2 include include VBP cord-010188-884d196k 39 3 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 39 4 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 39 5 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 39 6 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 39 7 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 39 8 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 39 9 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 39 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 39 11 human human JJ cord-010188-884d196k 39 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-010188-884d196k 39 13 eastern eastern JJ cord-010188-884d196k 39 14 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 39 15 western western JJ cord-010188-884d196k 39 16 equine equine JJ cord-010188-884d196k 39 17 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-010188-884d196k 39 18 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 39 19 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 40 1 Sindbis sindbis NN cord-010188-884d196k 40 2 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 40 3 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 40 4 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 40 5 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 40 6 vires vis NNS cord-010188-884d196k 40 7 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 40 8 best well RBS cord-010188-884d196k 40 9 known know VBN cord-010188-884d196k 40 10 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 40 11 valuable valuable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 40 12 models model NNS cord-010188-884d196k 40 13 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 40 14 molecular molecular JJ cord-010188-884d196k 40 15 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 40 16 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 40 17 biology biology NN cord-010188-884d196k 40 18 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 40 19 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 40 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 40 21 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 40 22 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 40 23 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 40 24 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 40 25 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 40 26 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 40 27 presently presently RB cord-010188-884d196k 40 28 being be VBG cord-010188-884d196k 40 29 developed develop VBN cord-010188-884d196k 40 30 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 40 31 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 40 32 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 40 33 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 40 34 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 40 35 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 40 36 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 40 37 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 40 38 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 41 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 41 2 alphavirus alphavirus NNP cord-010188-884d196k 41 3 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 41 4 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 41 5 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 41 6 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 41 7 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 41 8 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 41 9 RNA rna NN cord-010188-884d196k 41 10 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 41 11 positive positive JJ cord-010188-884d196k 41 12 polarity polarity NN cord-010188-884d196k 41 13 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 41 14 ~1.2 ~1.2 CD cord-010188-884d196k 41 15 x x SYM cord-010188-884d196k 41 16 104 104 CD cord-010188-884d196k 41 17 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-010188-884d196k 41 18 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 41 19 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 41 20 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 41 21 capped cap VBN cord-010188-884d196k 41 22 at at IN cord-010188-884d196k 41 23 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 41 24 5 5 CD cord-010188-884d196k 41 25 ' ' '' cord-010188-884d196k 41 26 terminus terminus NN cord-010188-884d196k 41 27 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 41 28 polyadenylated polyadenylate VBD cord-010188-884d196k 41 29 at at IN cord-010188-884d196k 41 30 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 41 31 3 3 CD cord-010188-884d196k 41 32 ' ' NN cord-010188-884d196k 41 33 terminus terminus NN cord-010188-884d196k 41 34 8,9 8,9 CD cord-010188-884d196k 41 35 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 42 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 42 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 42 3 RNA rna NN cord-010188-884d196k 42 4 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 42 5 referred refer VBN cord-010188-884d196k 42 6 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 42 7 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 42 8 49S 49S NNP cord-010188-884d196k 42 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 42 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 42 11 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 42 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 42 13 basis basis NN cord-010188-884d196k 42 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 42 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 42 16 sedimentation sedimentation NN cord-010188-884d196k 42 17 coefficient coefficient NN cord-010188-884d196k 42 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 42 19 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 42 20 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 42 21 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 42 22 encapsidated encapsidate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 42 23 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 42 24 an an DT cord-010188-884d196k 42 25 icosahedral icosahedral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 42 26 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 42 27 shell shell NN cord-010188-884d196k 42 28 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 42 29 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 42 30 composed compose VBN cord-010188-884d196k 42 31 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 42 32 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 42 33 singleprotein singleprotein NNP cord-010188-884d196k 42 34 subunit subunit NN cord-010188-884d196k 42 35 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 43 1 This this DT cord-010188-884d196k 43 2 shell shell NN cord-010188-884d196k 43 3 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 43 4 surrounded surround VBN cord-010188-884d196k 43 5 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 43 6 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 43 7 lipid lipid NN cord-010188-884d196k 43 8 bilayer bilayer NN cord-010188-884d196k 43 9 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 43 10 contains contain VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 43 11 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 43 12 transmembranal transmembranal JJ cord-010188-884d196k 43 13 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 43 14 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 43 15 organized organize VBN cord-010188-884d196k 43 16 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 43 17 trimers trimer NNS cord-010188-884d196k 43 18 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 43 19 heterodimeric heterodimeric NNP cord-010188-884d196k 43 20 subunits subunit NNS cord-010188-884d196k 43 21 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 44 1 As as IN cord-010188-884d196k 44 2 many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 44 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 44 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 44 5 steps step NNS cord-010188-884d196k 44 6 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 44 7 vims vims JJ cord-010188-884d196k 44 8 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 9 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 44 10 maturation maturation NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 11 utilize utilize VBP cord-010188-884d196k 44 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 44 13 host host NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-010188-884d196k 44 15 machinery machinery NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 16 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 44 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 44 18 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 19 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 44 20 provide provide VBP cord-010188-884d196k 44 21 markers marker NNS cord-010188-884d196k 44 22 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 44 23 analysing analyse VBG cord-010188-884d196k 44 24 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 44 25 synthesis synthesis NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 26 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 44 27 modification modification NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 28 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 44 29 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 30 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 44 31 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 44 32 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 44 33 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 44 34 localization localization NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 35 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 44 36 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 44 37 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 44 38 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 44 39 plasma plasma NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 40 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 44 41 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 45 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 45 2 5 5 CD cord-010188-884d196k 45 3 ' ' POS cord-010188-884d196k 45 4 portion portion NN cord-010188-884d196k 45 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 45 6 approximately approximately RB cord-010188-884d196k 45 7 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 45 8 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 45 9 thirds third NNS cord-010188-884d196k 45 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 45 11 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 45 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 45 13 alphavirus alphavirus NNP cord-010188-884d196k 45 14 genome genome NNP cord-010188-884d196k 45 15 contains contain VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 45 16 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 45 17 genetic genetic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 45 18 information information NN cord-010188-884d196k 45 19 encoding encode VBG cord-010188-884d196k 45 20 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 45 21 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 45 22 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 45 23 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 45 24 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 45 25 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 45 26 required require VBN cord-010188-884d196k 45 27 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 45 28 transcription transcription NN cord-010188-884d196k 45 29 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 45 30 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 45 31 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 45 32 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 45 33 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 45 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 45 35 8,9 8,9 CD cord-010188-884d196k 45 36 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 46 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 46 2 3 3 CD cord-010188-884d196k 46 3 ' ' POS cord-010188-884d196k 46 4 portion portion NN cord-010188-884d196k 46 5 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 46 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 46 7 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 46 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 46 9 approximately approximately RB cord-010188-884d196k 46 10 one one CD cord-010188-884d196k 46 11 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 46 12 third third NN cord-010188-884d196k 46 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 46 14 contains contain VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 46 15 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 46 16 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 46 17 encoding encode VBG cord-010188-884d196k 46 18 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 46 19 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 46 20 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 46 21 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 46 22 -the -the WDT cord-010188-884d196k 46 23 capsid capsid NN cord-010188-884d196k 46 24 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 46 25 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 46 26 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 46 27 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 46 28 6kDa 6kda CD cord-010188-884d196k 46 29 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 46 30 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 46 31 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 46 32 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 46 33 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 46 34 envelope envelope NN cord-010188-884d196k 46 35 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 46 36 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 47 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 47 2 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 47 3 cycle cycle NN cord-010188-884d196k 47 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 47 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 47 6 alphaviruses alphaviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 47 7 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 47 8 shown show VBN cord-010188-884d196k 47 9 schematically schematically RB cord-010188-884d196k 47 10 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 47 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-010188-884d196k 47 12 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 48 1 1 1 LS cord-010188-884d196k 48 2 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 49 1 Following follow VBG cord-010188-884d196k 49 2 attachment attachment NN cord-010188-884d196k 49 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 49 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 49 5 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 49 6 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 49 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 49 8 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 49 9 surface surface NN cord-010188-884d196k 49 10 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 49 11 entry entry NN cord-010188-884d196k 49 12 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 49 13 effected effect VBN cord-010188-884d196k 49 14 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 49 15 receptormediated receptormediated JJ cord-010188-884d196k 49 16 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-010188-884d196k 49 17 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 50 1 Fusion fusion NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 50 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 50 4 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 5 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 6 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 50 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 50 8 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-010188-884d196k 50 9 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 10 releases release VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 50 11 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 50 12 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 50 13 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 14 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 50 15 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 50 16 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 17 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 50 18 where where WRB cord-010188-884d196k 50 19 translation translation NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 20 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 50 21 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 50 22 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 50 23 RNA rna NN cord-010188-884d196k 50 24 occurs occur VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 50 25 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 51 1 Only only RB cord-010188-884d196k 51 2 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 51 3 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 51 4 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 51 5 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 51 6 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 51 7 translated translate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 51 8 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 51 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 51 10 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 51 11 RNA rna NN cord-010188-884d196k 51 12 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 52 1 There there EX cord-010188-884d196k 52 2 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 52 3 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 52 4 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 52 5 ORF ORF NNP cord-010188-884d196k 52 6 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 52 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 52 8 resulting result VBG cord-010188-884d196k 52 9 polyprotein polyprotein NN cord-010188-884d196k 52 10 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 52 11 co co JJ cord-010188-884d196k 52 12 - - JJ cord-010188-884d196k 52 13 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 52 14 post post VB cord-010188-884d196k 52 15 - - NN cord-010188-884d196k 52 16 translationally translationally RB cord-010188-884d196k 52 17 cleaved cleave VBN cord-010188-884d196k 52 18 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 52 19 form form VB cord-010188-884d196k 52 20 four four CD cord-010188-884d196k 52 21 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-010188-884d196k 52 22 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 53 1 These these DT cord-010188-884d196k 53 2 function function VBP cord-010188-884d196k 53 3 together together RB cord-010188-884d196k 53 4 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 53 5 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 53 6 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 53 7 complex complex NN cord-010188-884d196k 53 8 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 53 9 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 53 10 required require VBN cord-010188-884d196k 53 11 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 53 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 53 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-010188-884d196k 53 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 53 15 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 53 16 complementary complementary JJ cord-010188-884d196k 53 17 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 53 18 negative negative JJ cord-010188-884d196k 53 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 53 20 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 53 21 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 54 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 54 2 newly newly RB cord-010188-884d196k 54 3 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-010188-884d196k 54 4 negative negative JJ cord-010188-884d196k 54 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 54 6 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 54 7 serves serve VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 54 8 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 54 9 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 54 10 template template NN cord-010188-884d196k 54 11 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 54 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 54 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-010188-884d196k 54 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 54 15 more more JJR cord-010188-884d196k 54 16 virion virion NN cord-010188-884d196k 54 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 54 18 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 54 19 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 54 20 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 54 21 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 54 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 54 23 transcription transcription NN cord-010188-884d196k 54 24 ofa ofa NN cord-010188-884d196k 54 25 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 54 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 54 27 26S 26S NNP cord-010188-884d196k 54 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 54 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 54 30 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 54 31 may may MD cord-010188-884d196k 54 32 then then RB cord-010188-884d196k 54 33 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 54 34 translated translate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 54 35 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 54 36 yield yield VB cord-010188-884d196k 54 37 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 54 38 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 54 39 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 54 40 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 55 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 2 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-010188-884d196k 55 3 spanning span VBG cord-010188-884d196k 55 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 5 junction junction NN cord-010188-884d196k 55 6 between between IN cord-010188-884d196k 55 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 8 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 55 9 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 55 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 11 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 55 12 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 55 13 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 55 14 those those DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 15 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 55 16 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 17 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 55 18 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 55 19 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 55 20 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 21 negative negative JJ cord-010188-884d196k 55 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 55 23 strand strand NN cord-010188-884d196k 55 24 serve serve VB cord-010188-884d196k 55 25 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 55 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 27 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 55 28 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 55 29 transcription transcription NN cord-010188-884d196k 55 30 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 55 31 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 55 32 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 55 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 55 34 1 1 CD cord-010188-884d196k 55 35 ° ° NN cord-010188-884d196k 55 36 ,11 ,11 NN cord-010188-884d196k 55 37 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 56 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 56 2 minimal minimal JJ cord-010188-884d196k 56 3 sequence sequence NN cord-010188-884d196k 56 4 required require VBN cord-010188-884d196k 56 5 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 56 6 initiate initiate VB cord-010188-884d196k 56 7 transcription transcription NN cord-010188-884d196k 56 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 56 9 19 19 CD cord-010188-884d196k 56 10 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-010188-884d196k 56 11 upstream upstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 56 12 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 56 13 five five CD cord-010188-884d196k 56 14 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-010188-884d196k 56 15 downstream downstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 56 16 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 56 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 56 18 start start NN cord-010188-884d196k 56 19 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 56 20 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 56 21 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 56 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 56 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 56 24 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 56 25 located locate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 56 26 within within IN cord-010188-884d196k 56 27 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 56 28 region region NN cord-010188-884d196k 56 29 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 56 30 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 56 31 highly highly RB cord-010188-884d196k 56 32 conserved conserve VBN cord-010188-884d196k 56 33 among among IN cord-010188-884d196k 56 34 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 56 35 9 9 CD cord-010188-884d196k 56 36 11 11 CD cord-010188-884d196k 56 37 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 57 1 If if IN cord-010188-884d196k 57 2 regions region NNS cord-010188-884d196k 57 3 flanking flank VBG cord-010188-884d196k 57 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 57 5 minimal minimal JJ cord-010188-884d196k 57 6 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 57 7 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 57 8 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 57 9 present present JJ cord-010188-884d196k 57 10 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 57 11 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 57 12 level level NN cord-010188-884d196k 57 13 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 57 14 transcription transcription NN cord-010188-884d196k 57 15 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 57 16 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 57 17 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 57 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 57 19 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 57 20 increased increase VBN cord-010188-884d196k 57 21 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 58 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 58 2 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 58 3 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 58 4 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 58 5 translated translate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 58 6 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 58 7 26S 26S NNP cord-010188-884d196k 58 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 58 9 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 58 10 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 58 11 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-010188-884d196k 58 12 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 58 13 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 58 14 polyprotein polyprotein NN cord-010188-884d196k 58 15 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 58 16 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 58 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 58 18 N n CD cord-010188-884d196k 58 19 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 58 20 terminal terminal NN cord-010188-884d196k 58 21 capsid capsid NN cord-010188-884d196k 58 22 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 58 23 functioning function VBG cord-010188-884d196k 58 24 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 58 25 an an DT cord-010188-884d196k 58 26 autoprotease autoprotease NN cord-010188-884d196k 58 27 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 58 28 cleave cleave VB cord-010188-884d196k 58 29 itself -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 58 30 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 58 31 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 58 32 nascent nascent JJ cord-010188-884d196k 58 33 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-010188-884d196k 58 34 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 59 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 59 2 capsid capsid NN cord-010188-884d196k 59 3 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 59 4 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 59 5 then then RB cord-010188-884d196k 59 6 interact interact VB cord-010188-884d196k 59 7 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 59 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 59 9 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 59 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 59 11 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 59 12 form form VB cord-010188-884d196k 59 13 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 59 14 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-010188-884d196k 59 15 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 60 1 There there EX cord-010188-884d196k 60 2 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 60 3 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 60 4 specific specific JJ cord-010188-884d196k 60 5 recognition recognition NN cord-010188-884d196k 60 6 signal signal NN cord-010188-884d196k 60 7 located locate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 60 8 near near IN cord-010188-884d196k 60 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 60 10 5 5 CD cord-010188-884d196k 60 11 ' ' '' cord-010188-884d196k 60 12 terminus terminus NN cord-010188-884d196k 60 13 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 60 14 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 60 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 60 16 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 60 17 serves serve VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 60 18 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 60 19 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 60 20 nucleation nucleation NN cord-010188-884d196k 60 21 site site NN cord-010188-884d196k 60 22 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 60 23 encapsidation encapsidation NN cord-010188-884d196k 60 24 12 12 CD cord-010188-884d196k 60 25 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 60 26 thus thus RB cord-010188-884d196k 60 27 ensures ensure VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 60 28 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 60 29 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 60 30 genomic genomic NN cord-010188-884d196k 60 31 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 60 32 but but CC cord-010188-884d196k 60 33 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 60 34 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 60 35 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 60 36 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 60 37 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 60 38 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 60 39 packaged package VBN cord-010188-884d196k 60 40 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 61 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 61 2 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 61 3 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 61 4 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 61 5 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-010188-884d196k 61 6 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 61 7 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 61 8 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 61 9 bound bind VBN cord-010188-884d196k 61 10 ribosomes ribosome NNS cord-010188-884d196k 61 11 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 61 12 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 61 13 transported transport VBN cord-010188-884d196k 61 14 through through IN cord-010188-884d196k 61 15 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 61 16 host host NN cord-010188-884d196k 61 17 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 61 18 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 61 19 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-010188-884d196k 61 20 network network NN cord-010188-884d196k 61 21 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 61 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 61 23 plasma plasma NN cord-010188-884d196k 61 24 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 61 25 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 61 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 61 27 infected infected JJ cord-010188-884d196k 61 28 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 61 29 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 62 1 Finally finally RB cord-010188-884d196k 62 2 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 62 3 interaction interaction NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 62 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 62 6 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 7 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 62 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 62 9 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 62 10 tail tail NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 11 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 62 12 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 62 13 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 62 14 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 15 leads lead VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 62 16 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 62 17 budding bud VBG cord-010188-884d196k 62 18 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 62 19 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 62 20 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 21 particle particle NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 22 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 62 23 release release NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 24 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 62 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-010188-884d196k 62 26 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 27 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 62 28 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 62 29 host host NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 30 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 62 31 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 32 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 62 33 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 63 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 63 2 basic basic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 63 3 strategy strategy NN cord-010188-884d196k 63 4 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 63 5 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 63 6 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 63 7 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 63 8 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 63 9 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 63 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 63 11 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 63 12 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 63 13 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 63 14 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 63 15 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 63 16 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 63 17 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 63 18 construct construct VB cord-010188-884d196k 63 19 cDNAs cdna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 63 20 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 63 21 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 63 22 alphavirus alphavirus NNP cord-010188-884d196k 63 23 genome genome NNP cord-010188-884d196k 63 24 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 63 25 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 63 26 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 63 27 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 63 28 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 63 29 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 63 30 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 63 31 placed place VBN cord-010188-884d196k 63 32 downstream downstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 63 33 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 63 34 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 63 35 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 63 36 used use VBD cord-010188-884d196k 63 37 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 63 38 transcribe transcribe VB cord-010188-884d196k 63 39 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 63 40 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 63 41 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 63 42 13 13 CD cord-010188-884d196k 63 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 63 44 Fig Fig NNP cord-010188-884d196k 63 45 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 63 46 2a 2a CD cord-010188-884d196k 63 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 63 48 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 64 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 64 2 cDNA cdna NN cord-010188-884d196k 64 3 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 64 4 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-010188-884d196k 64 5 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 64 6 vitro vitro FW cord-010188-884d196k 64 7 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 64 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 64 9 SP6 SP6 NNP cord-010188-884d196k 64 10 I)NA I)NA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 64 11 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 64 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-010188-884d196k 64 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 64 14 polymerase polymerase NN cord-010188-884d196k 64 15 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 64 16 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 64 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 64 18 transcript transcript NN cord-010188-884d196k 64 19 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 64 20 transfected transfecte VBN cord-010188-884d196k 64 21 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 64 22 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 64 23 either either CC cord-010188-884d196k 64 24 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 64 25 lipofection lipofection NN cord-010188-884d196k 64 26 ~4 ~4 NFP cord-010188-884d196k 64 27 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 64 28 electroporation electroporation NN cord-010188-884d196k 65 1 Is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 65 2 -methods -methods . cord-010188-884d196k 66 1 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 66 2 enhance enhance VBP cord-010188-884d196k 66 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 66 4 uptake uptake NN cord-010188-884d196k 66 5 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 66 6 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 66 7 acids acid NNS cord-010188-884d196k 66 8 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 66 9 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 66 10 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 67 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 67 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 67 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 67 4 contains contain VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 67 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 67 6 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 67 7 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 67 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 67 9 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 67 10 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 67 11 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 67 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 67 13 cis cis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 67 14 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 67 15 actiug actiug NNP cord-010188-884d196k 67 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-010188-884d196k 67 17 important important JJ cord-010188-884d196k 67 18 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 67 19 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 67 20 recognition recognition NN cord-010188-884d196k 67 21 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 67 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 67 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 67 24 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 67 25 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 67 26 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 67 27 encapsidation encapsidation NN cord-010188-884d196k 67 28 8,9 8,9 CD cord-010188-884d196k 67 29 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 68 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 68 2 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 68 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 68 4 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-010188-884d196k 68 5 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 68 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 68 7 transfected transfecte VBN cord-010188-884d196k 68 8 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 68 9 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 68 10 translated translate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 68 11 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 68 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 68 13 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 68 14 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 68 15 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 69 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 69 2 first first JJ cord-010188-884d196k 69 3 alphavirus alphavirus NN cord-010188-884d196k 69 4 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 69 5 designed design VBN cord-010188-884d196k 69 6 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 69 7 this this DT cord-010188-884d196k 69 8 strategy strategy NN cord-010188-884d196k 69 9 replaced replace VBD cord-010188-884d196k 69 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 69 11 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 69 12 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 69 13 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 69 14 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 69 15 gencs genc NNS cord-010188-884d196k 69 16 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 69 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 69 18 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 69 19 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 69 20 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 69 21 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-010188-884d196k 69 22 enzyme enzyme NN cord-010188-884d196k 69 23 chloramphenicol chloramphenicol NN cord-010188-884d196k 69 24 acetyltransferase acetyltransferase NNP cord-010188-884d196k 69 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 69 26 CAT CAT NNP cord-010188-884d196k 69 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 69 28 13 13 CD cord-010188-884d196k 69 29 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 70 1 About about RB cord-010188-884d196k 70 2 10 10 CD cord-010188-884d196k 70 3 8 8 CD cord-010188-884d196k 70 4 CAT cat NN cord-010188-884d196k 70 5 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-010188-884d196k 70 6 were be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 70 7 produced produce VBN cord-010188-884d196k 70 8 per per IN cord-010188-884d196k 70 9 transfected transfected JJ cord-010188-884d196k 70 10 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 70 11 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 70 12 corresponding correspond VBG cord-010188-884d196k 70 13 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 70 14 3 3 CD cord-010188-884d196k 70 15 % % NN cord-010188-884d196k 70 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 70 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 70 18 total total JJ cord-010188-884d196k 70 19 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 70 20 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 70 21 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 71 1 More more RBR cord-010188-884d196k 71 2 recently recently RB cord-010188-884d196k 71 3 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 71 4 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 71 5 similar similar JJ cord-010188-884d196k 71 6 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 7 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 71 8 designed design VBN cord-010188-884d196k 71 9 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 71 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 71 11 cDNA cdna NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 12 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 71 13 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 71 14 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 71 15 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 16 1-~. 1-~. CD cord-010188-884d196k 71 17 Infection infection NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 18 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 71 19 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 71 20 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 21 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 71 22 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 71 23 much much RB cord-010188-884d196k 71 24 more more RBR cord-010188-884d196k 71 25 efficient efficient JJ cord-010188-884d196k 71 26 means mean NNS cord-010188-884d196k 71 27 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 71 28 introducing introduce VBG cord-010188-884d196k 71 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 71 30 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 31 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 71 32 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 71 33 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 34 than than IN cord-010188-884d196k 71 35 transfection transfection NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 36 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 71 37 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 71 38 several several JJ cord-010188-884d196k 71 39 different different JJ cord-010188-884d196k 71 40 strategies strategy NNS cord-010188-884d196k 71 41 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 71 42 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 71 43 designed design VBN cord-010188-884d196k 71 44 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 71 45 permit permit VB cord-010188-884d196k 71 46 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 47 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 71 48 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 71 49 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 71 50 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 71 51 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 72 1 Hahn Hahn NNP cord-010188-884d196k 72 2 et et NNP cord-010188-884d196k 72 3 al al NNP cord-010188-884d196k 72 4 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 73 1 16 16 CD cord-010188-884d196k 73 2 engineered engineer VBD cord-010188-884d196k 73 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 73 4 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 73 5 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 73 6 cDNA cdna NN cord-010188-884d196k 73 7 so so IN cord-010188-884d196k 73 8 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 73 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 73 10 contained contain VBD cord-010188-884d196k 73 11 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 73 12 promoters promoter NNS cord-010188-884d196k 73 13 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 73 14 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 73 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 73 16 synthesis synthesis NN cord-010188-884d196k 73 17 ; ; : cord-010188-884d196k 73 18 one one CD cord-010188-884d196k 73 19 upstream upstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 73 20 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 73 21 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 73 22 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 73 23 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 73 24 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 73 25 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 73 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 73 27 other other JJ cord-010188-884d196k 73 28 upstream upstream NN cord-010188-884d196k 73 29 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 73 30 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 73 31 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 73 32 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 73 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 73 34 Fig Fig NNP cord-010188-884d196k 73 35 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 73 36 2b 2b NNP cord-010188-884d196k 73 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 73 38 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 74 1 Cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 74 2 transfected transfecte VBN cord-010188-884d196k 74 3 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 74 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 74 5 recombinant recombinant NN cord-010188-884d196k 74 6 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 74 7 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 74 8 vitro vitro FW cord-010188-884d196k 74 9 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-010188-884d196k 74 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 74 11 produced produce VBD cord-010188-884d196k 74 12 vires vires NNP cord-010188-884d196k 74 13 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 74 14 yields yield NNS cord-010188-884d196k 74 15 ranging range VBG cord-010188-884d196k 74 16 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 74 17 10 10 CD cord-010188-884d196k 74 18 8 8 CD cord-010188-884d196k 74 19 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 74 20 10 10 CD cord-010188-884d196k 74 21 9 9 CD cord-010188-884d196k 74 22 plaque plaque NN cord-010188-884d196k 74 23 forming form VBG cord-010188-884d196k 74 24 units unit NNS cord-010188-884d196k 74 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 74 26 PFU pfu NN cord-010188-884d196k 74 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 74 28 per per IN cord-010188-884d196k 74 29 ml ml NN cord-010188-884d196k 74 30 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 75 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 75 2 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 75 3 studied study VBD cord-010188-884d196k 75 4 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 75 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 75 6 greatest great JJS cord-010188-884d196k 75 7 detail detail NN cord-010188-884d196k 75 8 contained contain VBD cord-010188-884d196k 75 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 75 10 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 75 11 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 75 12 inserted insert VBN cord-010188-884d196k 75 13 downstream downstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 75 14 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 75 15 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 75 16 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 75 17 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 75 18 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 76 1 Infection infection NN cord-010188-884d196k 76 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 76 3 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 76 4 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 76 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 76 6 double double JJ cord-010188-884d196k 76 7 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 76 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 76 9 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 76 10 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 76 11 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 76 12 resulted result VBD cord-010188-884d196k 76 13 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 76 14 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 76 15 production production NN cord-010188-884d196k 76 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 76 17 > > XX cord-010188-884d196k 76 18 t0 t0 NN cord-010188-884d196k 76 19 6 6 CD cord-010188-884d196k 76 20 CAT cat NN cord-010188-884d196k 76 21 molecules molecule NNS cord-010188-884d196k 76 22 seven seven CD cord-010188-884d196k 76 23 hours hour NNS cord-010188-884d196k 76 24 after after IN cord-010188-884d196k 76 25 transfection transfection NN cord-010188-884d196k 76 26 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 77 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 77 2 size size NN cord-010188-884d196k 77 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 77 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 77 5 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 77 6 insert insert NN cord-010188-884d196k 77 7 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 77 8 affect affect VB cord-010188-884d196k 77 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 77 10 stability stability NN cord-010188-884d196k 77 11 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 77 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 77 13 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-010188-884d196k 77 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 77 15 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 78 1 Large large JJ cord-010188-884d196k 78 2 inserts insert NNS cord-010188-884d196k 78 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 78 4 i.e. i.e. FW cord-010188-884d196k 78 5 > > XX cord-010188-884d196k 78 6 3 3 CD cord-010188-884d196k 78 7 kb kb NNP cord-010188-884d196k 78 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 78 9 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 78 10 much much RB cord-010188-884d196k 78 11 less less RBR cord-010188-884d196k 78 12 stable stable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 78 13 than than IN cord-010188-884d196k 78 14 smaller small JJR cord-010188-884d196k 78 15 ones one NNS cord-010188-884d196k 78 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 78 17 i.e. i.e. FW cord-010188-884d196k 78 18 < < XX cord-010188-884d196k 78 19 2 2 CD cord-010188-884d196k 78 20 kb kb NNP cord-010188-884d196k 78 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 78 22 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 79 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 79 2 level level NN cord-010188-884d196k 79 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 79 4 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 79 5 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 79 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 79 7 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 79 8 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 79 9 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 79 10 higher high JJR cord-010188-884d196k 79 11 when when WRB cord-010188-884d196k 79 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 79 13 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 79 14 located locate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 79 15 downstream downstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 79 16 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 79 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 79 18 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 79 19 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 79 20 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 79 21 although although IN cord-010188-884d196k 79 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 79 23 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-010188-884d196k 79 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 79 25 appears appear VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 79 26 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 79 27 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 79 28 more more RBR cord-010188-884d196k 79 29 stable stable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 79 30 when when WRB cord-010188-884d196k 79 31 placed place VBN cord-010188-884d196k 79 32 upstream upstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 79 33 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 79 34 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 79 35 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 79 36 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 79 37 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 80 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 80 2 alphavirus alphavirus NNP cord-010188-884d196k 80 3 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 80 4 containing contain VBG cord-010188-884d196k 80 5 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 80 6 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 80 7 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 80 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 80 9 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 80 10 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 80 11 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 80 12 packaged package VBN cord-010188-884d196k 80 13 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 80 14 complementation complementation NN cord-010188-884d196k 80 15 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 80 16 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 80 17 defective defective JJ cord-010188-884d196k 80 18 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 80 19 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 80 20 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 80 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 80 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 80 23 Fig Fig NNP cord-010188-884d196k 80 24 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 80 25 _SP cord-010188-884d196k 80 26 3 3 CD cord-010188-884d196k 80 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 80 28 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 81 1 Two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 81 2 types type NNS cord-010188-884d196k 81 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 81 4 packaging package VBG cord-010188-884d196k 81 5 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 81 6 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 81 7 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 81 8 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 81 9 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 81 10 : : : cord-010188-884d196k 81 11 • • XX cord-010188-884d196k 82 1 One one CD cord-010188-884d196k 82 2 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 82 3 first first RB cord-010188-884d196k 82 4 described describe VBN cord-010188-884d196k 82 5 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 82 6 Geigenmtiller Geigenmtiller NNP cord-010188-884d196k 82 7 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 82 8 Gnirke Gnirke NNP cord-010188-884d196k 82 9 et et NNP cord-010188-884d196k 82 10 al al NNP cord-010188-884d196k 82 11 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 83 1 17 17 CD cord-010188-884d196k 83 2 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 83 3 contains contain VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 83 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 83 5 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 83 6 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 83 7 downstream downstream RB cord-010188-884d196k 83 8 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 83 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 83 10 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 83 11 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 83 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 83 13 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 83 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 83 15 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 83 16 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 83 17 contains contain VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 83 18 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 83 19 cis cis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 83 20 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 83 21 acting acting NN cord-010188-884d196k 83 22 sequences sequence NNS cord-010188-884d196k 83 23 required require VBN cord-010188-884d196k 83 24 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 83 25 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 83 26 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 83 27 encapsidation encapsidation NN cord-010188-884d196k 83 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 83 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-010188-884d196k 83 30 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 83 31 3 3 CD cord-010188-884d196k 83 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 83 33 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 84 1 Most Most JJS cord-010188-884d196k 84 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 84 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 84 4 released release VBN cord-010188-884d196k 84 5 particles particle NNS cord-010188-884d196k 84 6 contain contain VBP cord-010188-884d196k 84 7 both both CC cord-010188-884d196k 84 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 84 9 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 84 10 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 84 11 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 84 12 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 84 13 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 84 14 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 84 15 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 84 16 particle particle NN cord-010188-884d196k 84 17 ; ; : cord-010188-884d196k 84 18 such such JJ cord-010188-884d196k 84 19 particles particle NNS cord-010188-884d196k 84 20 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 84 21 able able JJ cord-010188-884d196k 84 22 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 84 23 form form VB cord-010188-884d196k 84 24 plaques plaque NNS cord-010188-884d196k 84 25 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 84 26 appear appear VBP cord-010188-884d196k 84 27 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 84 28 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 84 29 stable stable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 84 30 over over IN cord-010188-884d196k 84 31 several several JJ cord-010188-884d196k 84 32 passages passage NNS cord-010188-884d196k 84 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 84 34 i.e. i.e. FW cord-010188-884d196k 84 35 repeated repeat VBN cord-010188-884d196k 84 36 subculture subculture NN cord-010188-884d196k 84 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 84 38 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 85 1 This this DT cord-010188-884d196k 85 2 type type NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 85 4 packaged package VBN cord-010188-884d196k 85 5 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 6 should should MD cord-010188-884d196k 85 7 prove prove VB cord-010188-884d196k 85 8 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 85 9 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 85 10 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 85 11 value value NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 12 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 85 13 animal animal NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 14 experiments experiment NNS cord-010188-884d196k 85 15 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 85 16 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 85 17 both both DT cord-010188-884d196k 85 18 production production NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 19 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 85 20 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 85 21 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 85 22 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 23 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 85 24 spread spread NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 25 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 85 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 85 27 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 85 28 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 85 29 desired desire VBN cord-010188-884d196k 85 30 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 86 1 revieues revieues NNP cord-010188-884d196k 87 1 • • NNP cord-010188-884d196k 88 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 88 2 second second JJ cord-010188-884d196k 88 3 type type NN cord-010188-884d196k 88 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 88 5 defective defective JJ cord-010188-884d196k 88 6 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 88 7 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 88 8 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 88 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 88 10 lacks lack VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 88 11 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 88 12 region region NN cord-010188-884d196k 88 13 required require VBN cord-010188-884d196k 88 14 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 88 15 encapsidation encapsidation NN cord-010188-884d196k 88 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 88 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 88 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 88 19 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 89 1 In in IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 2 studies study NNS cord-010188-884d196k 89 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 89 5 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 6 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 89 8 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 9 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 10 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 11 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 12 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 89 13 Liljestr6 Liljestr6 NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 14 m m NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 15 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 89 16 Garoff Garoff NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 17 Ls Ls NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 18 found find VBD cord-010188-884d196k 89 19 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 20 cotransfection cotransfection NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 21 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 89 23 latter latter JJ cord-010188-884d196k 89 24 type type NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 25 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 26 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 28 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 29 vector vector NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 31 led lead VBD cord-010188-884d196k 89 32 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 33 efficient efficient JJ cord-010188-884d196k 89 34 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 35 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 89 36 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 89 37 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 38 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 39 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 89 40 but but CC cord-010188-884d196k 89 41 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 89 42 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 89 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 89 44 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 89 45 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 89 46 packaged package VBN cord-010188-884d196k 89 47 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 90 1 Electroporation electroporation NN cord-010188-884d196k 90 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 90 3 both both DT cord-010188-884d196k 90 4 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 90 5 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 90 6 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 90 7 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 90 8 produced produce VBD cord-010188-884d196k 90 9 yields yield NNS cord-010188-884d196k 90 10 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 90 11 up up IN cord-010188-884d196k 90 12 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 90 13 10 10 CD cord-010188-884d196k 90 14 9 9 CD cord-010188-884d196k 90 15 particles particle NNS cord-010188-884d196k 90 16 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 90 17 5 5 CD cord-010188-884d196k 90 18 x x SYM cord-010188-884d196k 90 19 10 10 CD cord-010188-884d196k 90 20 6 6 CD cord-010188-884d196k 90 21 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 90 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 90 23 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 90 24 observed observe VBN cord-010188-884d196k 90 25 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 90 26 immunofluorescence immunofluorescence NN cord-010188-884d196k 90 27 analysis analysis NN cord-010188-884d196k 90 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 90 29 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 91 1 Packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 91 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 91 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 91 4 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 5 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 91 6 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 91 7 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 91 8 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 9 defective defective JJ cord-010188-884d196k 91 10 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 91 11 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 91 12 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 91 13 proved prove VBN cord-010188-884d196k 91 14 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 91 15 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 91 16 more more RBR cord-010188-884d196k 91 17 complex complex JJ cord-010188-884d196k 91 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 91 19 P. P. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 20 Bredenbeck Bredenbeck NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 21 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 91 22 C. C. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 23 Rice Rice NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 24 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 91 25 I. I. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 26 Frolov Frolov NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 27 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 91 28 S. S. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 29 Schlcsinger Schlcsinger NNP cord-010188-884d196k 91 30 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 91 31 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-010188-884d196k 91 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 91 33 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 92 1 Deletion deletion NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 4 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 5 signal signal NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 6 leads lead VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 92 7 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 8 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 9 considerable considerable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 92 10 reduction reduction NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 11 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 13 amount amount NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 15 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 92 17 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 18 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 19 progeny progeny NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 20 ; ; : cord-010188-884d196k 92 21 however however RB cord-010188-884d196k 92 22 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 92 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 92 24 presence presence NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 25 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 92 26 still still RB cord-010188-884d196k 92 27 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 92 28 detected detect VBN cord-010188-884d196k 92 29 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 30 analysis analysis NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 31 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 32 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 92 34 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-010188-884d196k 92 35 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 36 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 37 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 92 38 infected infect VBN cord-010188-884d196k 92 39 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 92 40 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 92 41 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 92 42 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 43 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 44 low low JJ cord-010188-884d196k 92 45 level level NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 46 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 47 PFU pfu NN cord-010188-884d196k 92 48 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 49 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 50 media medium NNS cord-010188-884d196k 92 51 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 92 52 presumably presumably RB cord-010188-884d196k 92 53 due due IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 54 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 55 copackaging copackage VBG cord-010188-884d196k 92 56 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 92 57 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 92 58 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 92 59 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 93 1 This this DT cord-010188-884d196k 93 2 may may MD cord-010188-884d196k 93 3 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 93 4 due due JJ cord-010188-884d196k 93 5 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 93 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 93 7 ability ability NN cord-010188-884d196k 93 8 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 93 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 93 10 encapsidation encapsidation NN cord-010188-884d196k 93 11 process process NN cord-010188-884d196k 93 12 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 93 13 include include VB cord-010188-884d196k 93 14 other other JJ cord-010188-884d196k 93 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 93 16 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 93 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 93 18 capsid capsid NN cord-010188-884d196k 93 19 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 93 20 conjunction conjunction NN cord-010188-884d196k 93 21 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 93 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 93 23 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 93 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 93 25 encoding encode VBG cord-010188-884d196k 93 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 93 27 specific specific JJ cord-010188-884d196k 93 28 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 93 29 signal signal NN cord-010188-884d196k 93 30 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 94 1 A a DT cord-010188-884d196k 94 2 second second JJ cord-010188-884d196k 94 3 potential potential JJ cord-010188-884d196k 94 4 problem problem NN cord-010188-884d196k 94 5 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 94 6 recombination recombination NN cord-010188-884d196k 94 7 between between IN cord-010188-884d196k 94 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 94 9 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 94 10 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 94 11 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 94 12 RNA rna NN cord-010188-884d196k 94 13 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 94 14 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 94 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 94 16 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 95 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 95 2 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 95 3 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 95 4 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 95 5 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 95 6 undergo undergo VB cord-010188-884d196k 95 7 recombination recombination NN cord-010188-884d196k 95 8 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 95 9 produce produce VB cord-010188-884d196k 95 10 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 95 11 single single JJ cord-010188-884d196k 95 12 molecule molecule NN cord-010188-884d196k 95 13 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 95 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 95 15 containing contain VBG cord-010188-884d196k 95 16 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 95 17 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 95 18 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 95 19 encode encode VBP cord-010188-884d196k 95 20 both both CC cord-010188-884d196k 95 21 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 95 22 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 95 23 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 95 24 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 95 25 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 95 26 m. m. NN cord-010188-884d196k 96 1 Although although IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 2 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 96 3 growth growth NN cord-010188-884d196k 96 4 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 96 5 replication replication NN cord-010188-884d196k 96 6 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 7 such such JJ cord-010188-884d196k 96 8 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-010188-884d196k 96 9 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 96 10 suppressed suppress VBN cord-010188-884d196k 96 11 under under IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 12 conditions condition NNS cord-010188-884d196k 96 13 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 14 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 96 15 most most JJS cord-010188-884d196k 96 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 96 18 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 96 19 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 96 20 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 96 21 transfected transfecte VBN cord-010188-884d196k 96 22 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 23 both both DT cord-010188-884d196k 96 24 helper helper NN cord-010188-884d196k 96 25 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 96 26 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 96 27 RNAs rna NNS cord-010188-884d196k 96 28 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 96 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 96 30 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 96 31 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 96 32 detected detect VBN cord-010188-884d196k 96 33 after after IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 34 passaging passage VBG cord-010188-884d196k 96 35 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 96 36 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 96 37 infectious infectious JJ cord-010188-884d196k 96 38 particles particle NNS cord-010188-884d196k 96 39 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 97 1 A a DT cord-010188-884d196k 97 2 completely completely RB cord-010188-884d196k 97 3 different different JJ cord-010188-884d196k 97 4 approach approach NN cord-010188-884d196k 97 5 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 97 6 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 97 7 alphaviruses alphaviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 97 8 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 97 9 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 97 10 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 97 11 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 97 12 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 97 13 insert insert VB cord-010188-884d196k 97 14 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 97 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-010188-884d196k 97 16 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 97 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 97 18 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 97 19 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 97 20 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 97 21 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 97 22 such such PDT cord-010188-884d196k 97 23 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 97 24 way way NN cord-010188-884d196k 97 25 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 97 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 97 27 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 97 28 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 97 29 still still RB cord-010188-884d196k 97 30 viable viable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 97 31 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 97 32 but but CC cord-010188-884d196k 97 33 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 97 34 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 97 35 epitope epitope NNP cord-010188-884d196k 97 36 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 97 37 expressed express VBN cord-010188-884d196k 97 38 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 97 39 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 97 40 function function VB cord-010188-884d196k 97 41 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 97 42 an an DT cord-010188-884d196k 97 43 immunogen immunogen NN cord-010188-884d196k 97 44 ~9 ~9 XX cord-010188-884d196k 97 45 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 98 1 This this DT cord-010188-884d196k 98 2 concept concept NN cord-010188-884d196k 98 3 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 98 4 originally originally RB cord-010188-884d196k 98 5 tested test VBN cord-010188-884d196k 98 6 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 98 7 picornaviruses picornavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 98 8 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 98 9 where where WRB cord-010188-884d196k 98 10 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 98 11 site site NN cord-010188-884d196k 98 12 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 98 13 insertion insertion NN cord-010188-884d196k 98 14 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 98 15 chosen choose VBN cord-010188-884d196k 98 16 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 98 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 98 18 basis basis NN cord-010188-884d196k 98 19 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 98 20 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 98 21 crystallographic crystallographic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 98 22 structure structure NN cord-010188-884d196k 98 23 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 98 24 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 98 25 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 98 26 7 7 CD cord-010188-884d196k 98 27 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 99 1 However however RB cord-010188-884d196k 99 2 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 99 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 99 4 three three CD cord-010188-884d196k 99 5 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 99 6 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-010188-884d196k 99 7 structures structure NNS cord-010188-884d196k 99 8 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 99 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 99 10 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 99 11 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 99 12 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 99 13 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 99 14 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 99 15 known know VBN cord-010188-884d196k 99 16 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 99 17 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 99 18 therefore therefore RB cord-010188-884d196k 99 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 99 20 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 99 21 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 99 22 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 99 23 possible possible JJ cord-010188-884d196k 99 24 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 99 25 predict predict VB cord-010188-884d196k 99 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 99 27 regions region NNS cord-010188-884d196k 99 28 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 99 29 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 99 30 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-010188-884d196k 99 31 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 99 32 form form NN cord-010188-884d196k 99 33 surface surface NN cord-010188-884d196k 99 34 loops loop NNS cord-010188-884d196k 99 35 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 99 36 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 99 37 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 99 38 insertion insertion NN cord-010188-884d196k 99 39 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 99 40 additional additional JJ cord-010188-884d196k 99 41 sequence sequence NN cord-010188-884d196k 99 42 would would MD cord-010188-884d196k 99 43 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 99 44 adversely adversely RB cord-010188-884d196k 99 45 affect affect VB cord-010188-884d196k 99 46 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-010188-884d196k 99 47 folding fold VBG cord-010188-884d196k 99 48 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 100 1 Initial initial JJ cord-010188-884d196k 100 2 studies study NNS cord-010188-884d196k 100 3 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 100 4 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 100 5 an an DT cord-010188-884d196k 100 6 epitope epitope NN cord-010188-884d196k 100 7 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 100 8 Rift Rift NNP cord-010188-884d196k 100 9 Valley Valley NNP cord-010188-884d196k 100 10 fever fever NN cord-010188-884d196k 100 11 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 100 12 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 100 13 involved involve VBN cord-010188-884d196k 100 14 making make VBG cord-010188-884d196k 100 15 random random JJ cord-010188-884d196k 100 16 insertions insertion NNS cord-010188-884d196k 100 17 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 100 18 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 100 19 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 100 20 genes gene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 100 21 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 100 22 followed follow VBN cord-010188-884d196k 100 23 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 100 24 selection selection NN cord-010188-884d196k 100 25 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 100 26 viable viable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 100 27 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 100 28 containing contain VBG cord-010188-884d196k 100 29 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 100 30 insert insert NN cord-010188-884d196k 100 31 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 101 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 101 2 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-010188-884d196k 101 3 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 101 4 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 101 5 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 101 6 could could MD cord-010188-884d196k 101 7 tolerate tolerate VB cord-010188-884d196k 101 8 insertions insertion NNS cord-010188-884d196k 101 9 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 101 10 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 101 11 displayed display VBD cord-010188-884d196k 101 12 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 101 13 Rift Rift NNP cord-010188-884d196k 101 14 Valley Valley NNP cord-010188-884d196k 101 15 fever fever NN cord-010188-884d196k 101 16 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 101 17 epitopes epitope NNS cord-010188-884d196k 101 18 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 101 19 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 101 20 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 101 21 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 101 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-010188-884d196k 101 23 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 101 24 make make VB cord-010188-884d196k 101 25 mice mouse NNS cord-010188-884d196k 101 26 resistant resistant JJ cord-010188-884d196k 101 27 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 101 28 infection infection NN cord-010188-884d196k 101 29 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 101 30 Rift Rift NNP cord-010188-884d196k 101 31 Valley Valley NNP cord-010188-884d196k 101 32 fever fever NN cord-010188-884d196k 101 33 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 101 34 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 102 1 There there EX cord-010188-884d196k 102 2 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 102 3 now now RB cord-010188-884d196k 102 4 several several JJ cord-010188-884d196k 102 5 reports report NNS cord-010188-884d196k 102 6 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 102 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 102 8 literature literature NN cord-010188-884d196k 102 9 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 102 10 which which WDT cord-010188-884d196k 102 11 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 102 12 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 102 13 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 102 14 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 102 15 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 102 16 provided provide VBN cord-010188-884d196k 102 17 an an DT cord-010188-884d196k 102 18 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 102 19 double double JJ cord-010188-884d196k 102 20 subgenomic subgenomic NN cord-010188-884d196k 102 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 102 22 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 102 23 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 102 24 have have VBP cord-010188-884d196k 102 25 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 102 26 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 102 27 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 102 28 two two CD cord-010188-884d196k 102 29 studies study NNS cord-010188-884d196k 102 30 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 103 1 Hahn Hahn NNP cord-010188-884d196k 103 2 et et NNP cord-010188-884d196k 103 3 al al NNP cord-010188-884d196k 103 4 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 104 1 16 16 CD cord-010188-884d196k 104 2 inserted insert VBD cord-010188-884d196k 104 3 either either CC cord-010188-884d196k 104 4 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 104 5 truncated truncated JJ cord-010188-884d196k 104 6 form form NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 7 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 104 8 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 104 9 influenza influenza NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 10 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 104 12 HA HA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 104 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 104 14 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 15 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 104 16 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 104 17 minigenes minigene NNS cord-010188-884d196k 104 18 encoding encode VBG cord-010188-884d196k 104 19 immunodominant immunodominant JJ cord-010188-884d196k 104 20 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 104 21 T t NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 22 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 104 23 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 24 epitopes epitope NNS cord-010188-884d196k 104 25 into into IN cord-010188-884d196k 104 26 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 104 27 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 104 28 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 29 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 104 30 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 105 1 These these DT cord-010188-884d196k 105 2 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 105 3 were be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 105 4 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 105 5 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 105 6 sensitize sensitize VB cord-010188-884d196k 105 7 target target NN cord-010188-884d196k 105 8 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 105 9 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 105 10 lysis lysis NN cord-010188-884d196k 105 11 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 105 12 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-010188-884d196k 105 13 major major JJ cord-010188-884d196k 105 14 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-010188-884d196k 105 15 complex complex NN cord-010188-884d196k 105 16 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 105 17 restricted restricted JJ cord-010188-884d196k 105 18 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 105 19 HA HA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 105 20 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 105 21 specific specific JJ cord-010188-884d196k 105 22 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 105 23 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 105 24 T t NN cord-010188-884d196k 105 25 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 105 26 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 106 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 106 2 were be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 106 3 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 106 4 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 106 5 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 106 6 infect infect VB cord-010188-884d196k 106 7 mice mouse NNS cord-010188-884d196k 106 8 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 106 9 prime prime VB cord-010188-884d196k 106 10 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 106 11 specific specific JJ cord-010188-884d196k 106 12 T t NN cord-010188-884d196k 106 13 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 106 14 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 106 15 response response NN cord-010188-884d196k 106 16 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 107 1 In in IN cord-010188-884d196k 107 2 addition addition NN cord-010188-884d196k 107 3 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 107 4 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 107 5 double double JJ cord-010188-884d196k 107 6 subgenorrfic subgenorrfic NN cord-010188-884d196k 107 7 1KNA 1kna CD cord-010188-884d196k 107 8 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 107 9 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 107 10 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 107 11 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 107 12 express express VB cord-010188-884d196k 107 13 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 107 14 insulin insulin NN cord-010188-884d196k 107 15 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 107 16 regulated regulate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 107 17 glucose glucose NN cord-010188-884d196k 107 18 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 107 19 transporter transporter NN cord-010188-884d196k 107 20 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 107 21 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 107 22 cultured cultured JJ cord-010188-884d196k 107 23 cells2L cells2L NNS cord-010188-884d196k 108 1 This this DT cord-010188-884d196k 108 2 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 108 3 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 108 4 when when WRB cord-010188-884d196k 108 5 expressed express VBN cord-010188-884d196k 108 6 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 108 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 108 8 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 108 9 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 108 10 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 108 11 was be VBD cord-010188-884d196k 108 12 found find VBN cord-010188-884d196k 108 13 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 108 14 adipocytes adipocyte NNS cord-010188-884d196k 108 15 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 108 16 muscle muscle NN cord-010188-884d196k 108 17 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 108 18 -its -its : cord-010188-884d196k 108 19 normal normal JJ cord-010188-884d196k 108 20 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-010188-884d196k 108 21 location location NN cord-010188-884d196k 108 22 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 109 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 109 2 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 109 3 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 109 4 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 5 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 6 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 109 7 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 109 8 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 109 9 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 109 10 express express VB cord-010188-884d196k 109 11 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 109 12 variety variety NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 13 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 109 14 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 109 15 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 109 16 including include VBG cord-010188-884d196k 109 17 dihydrofolate dihydrofolate NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 18 reductase reductase NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 109 20 DHFR DHFR NNP cord-010188-884d196k 109 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 109 22 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 109 23 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 109 24 transferrin transferrin NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 25 receptor receptor NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 26 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 109 27 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 109 28 lysozyme lysozyme NNS cord-010188-884d196k 109 29 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 109 30 proving prove VBG cord-010188-884d196k 109 31 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 109 32 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 109 33 vector vector NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 34 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 109 35 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 109 36 used use VBN cord-010188-884d196k 109 37 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 109 38 express express VB cord-010188-884d196k 109 39 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 109 40 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 109 41 membrane membrane NN cord-010188-884d196k 109 42 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 109 43 secreted secrete VBN cord-010188-884d196k 109 44 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 109 45 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 109 46 respectively respectively RB cord-010188-884d196k 109 47 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 109 48 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 110 1 Studies study NNS cord-010188-884d196k 110 2 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 3 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 110 4 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 110 5 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 6 ~3-galactosidase ~3-galactosidase NFP cord-010188-884d196k 110 7 indicated indicate VBD cord-010188-884d196k 110 8 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 9 about about IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 10 400txg 400txg CD cord-010188-884d196k 110 11 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 110 13 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 110 14 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 110 15 could could MD cord-010188-884d196k 110 16 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 110 17 produced produce VBN cord-010188-884d196k 110 18 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 19 5x 5x CD cord-010188-884d196k 110 20 106 106 CD cord-010188-884d196k 110 21 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 110 22 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 110 23 corresponding correspond VBG cord-010188-884d196k 110 24 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 25 approximately approximately RB cord-010188-884d196k 110 26 25 25 CD cord-010188-884d196k 110 27 % % NN cord-010188-884d196k 110 28 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 110 29 total total JJ cord-010188-884d196k 110 30 cellular cellular JJ cord-010188-884d196k 110 31 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 110 32 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 110 33 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 111 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 111 2 initial initial JJ cord-010188-884d196k 111 3 studies study NNS cord-010188-884d196k 111 4 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 111 5 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 111 6 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 111 7 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 111 8 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 111 9 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 111 10 suggest suggest VBP cord-010188-884d196k 111 11 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 111 12 both both DT cord-010188-884d196k 111 13 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 111 14 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 111 15 promising promise VBG cord-010188-884d196k 111 16 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 111 17 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 111 18 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 111 19 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 111 20 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 111 21 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 111 22 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 112 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 112 2 potential potential NN cord-010188-884d196k 112 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 112 4 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 112 5 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 112 6 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 112 7 stimulate stimulate VB cord-010188-884d196k 112 8 production production NN cord-010188-884d196k 112 9 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 112 10 specific specific JJ cord-010188-884d196k 112 11 subsets subset NNS cord-010188-884d196k 112 12 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 112 13 T t NN cord-010188-884d196k 112 14 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 112 15 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 112 16 infection infection NN cord-010188-884d196k 112 17 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 112 18 animals animal NNS cord-010188-884d196k 112 19 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 112 20 only only RB cord-010188-884d196k 112 21 just just RB cord-010188-884d196k 112 22 beginning begin VBG cord-010188-884d196k 112 23 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 112 24 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 112 25 explored explore VBN cord-010188-884d196k 112 26 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 113 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 113 2 use use NN cord-010188-884d196k 113 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 113 4 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 113 5 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 113 6 express express VB cord-010188-884d196k 113 7 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 113 8 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 113 9 production production NN cord-010188-884d196k 113 10 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 113 11 ready ready JJ cord-010188-884d196k 113 12 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 113 13 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 113 14 exploited exploit VBN cord-010188-884d196k 113 15 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 114 1 One one CD cord-010188-884d196k 114 2 particular particular JJ cord-010188-884d196k 114 3 aspect aspect NN cord-010188-884d196k 114 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 114 5 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 114 6 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 114 7 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 114 8 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 114 9 needs need VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 114 10 further further JJ cord-010188-884d196k 114 11 investigation investigation NN cord-010188-884d196k 114 12 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 115 1 Infection infection NN cord-010188-884d196k 115 2 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 115 3 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 115 4 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 115 5 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 115 6 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 115 7 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 115 8 most most JJS cord-010188-884d196k 115 9 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-010188-884d196k 115 10 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 115 11 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 115 12 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 115 13 grown grow VBN cord-010188-884d196k 115 14 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 115 15 culture culture NN cord-010188-884d196k 115 16 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 116 1 There there EX cord-010188-884d196k 116 2 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 116 3 some some DT cord-010188-884d196k 116 4 variants variant NNS cord-010188-884d196k 116 5 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 116 6 seem seem VBP cord-010188-884d196k 116 7 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 116 8 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 116 9 much much RB cord-010188-884d196k 116 10 less less RBR cord-010188-884d196k 116 11 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 116 12 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 116 13 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 116 14 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 116 15 most most JJS cord-010188-884d196k 116 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 116 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 116 18 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 116 19 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 116 20 variants variant NNS cord-010188-884d196k 116 21 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 116 22 infected infected JJ cord-010188-884d196k 116 23 mosquito mosquito NN cord-010188-884d196k 116 24 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 116 25 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 116 26 culture culture NN cord-010188-884d196k 116 27 do do VBP cord-010188-884d196k 116 28 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 116 29 show show VB cord-010188-884d196k 116 30 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 116 31 effects effect NNS cord-010188-884d196k 116 32 22 22 CD cord-010188-884d196k 116 33 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 117 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 117 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-010188-884d196k 117 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 117 4 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 117 5 killing killing NN cord-010188-884d196k 117 6 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 117 7 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 117 8 known know VBN cord-010188-884d196k 117 9 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 118 1 Infection infection NN cord-010188-884d196k 118 2 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 118 3 cultured cultured JJ cord-010188-884d196k 118 4 cells cell NNS cord-010188-884d196k 118 5 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 118 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 118 7 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 118 8 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 118 9 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 118 10 vectors vector VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 118 11 shuts shut VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 118 12 offthe offthe NNP cord-010188-884d196k 118 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-010188-884d196k 118 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 118 15 host host NN cord-010188-884d196k 118 16 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 118 17 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 118 18 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 118 19 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 118 20 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-010188-884d196k 118 21 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 118 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 118 23 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 118 24 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 118 25 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 118 26 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 118 27 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 118 28 required require VBN cord-010188-884d196k 118 29 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 118 30 this this DT cord-010188-884d196k 118 31 effect effect NN cord-010188-884d196k 118 32 15 15 CD cord-010188-884d196k 118 33 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 119 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 119 2 inhibition inhibition NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 119 4 host host NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 5 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 119 6 cell cell NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 7 protein protein NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 9 may may MD cord-010188-884d196k 119 10 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 119 11 due due JJ cord-010188-884d196k 119 12 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 119 13 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 119 14 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 15 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 119 16 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 119 17 particular particular JJ cord-010188-884d196k 119 18 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 119 19 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 20 product product NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 21 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 119 22 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 119 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 119 24 could could MD cord-010188-884d196k 119 25 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 119 26 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 119 27 consequence consequence NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 28 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 119 29 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 119 30 very very RB cord-010188-884d196k 119 31 high high JJ cord-010188-884d196k 119 32 level level NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 33 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 119 34 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 35 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 119 36 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 119 37 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-010188-884d196k 119 38 gene gene NN cord-010188-884d196k 119 39 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 120 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 120 2 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 120 3 possible possible JJ cord-010188-884d196k 120 4 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 120 5 modulate modulate VB cord-010188-884d196k 120 6 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 120 7 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 120 8 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 120 9 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 120 10 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 120 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 120 12 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 120 13 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 120 14 use use NN cord-010188-884d196k 120 15 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 120 16 temperature temperature NN cord-010188-884d196k 120 17 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 120 18 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-010188-884d196k 120 19 mutants mutant NNS cord-010188-884d196k 120 20 or or CC cord-010188-884d196k 120 21 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 120 22 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 120 23 down down JJ cord-010188-884d196k 120 24 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 120 25 regulation regulation NN cord-010188-884d196k 120 26 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 120 27 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 120 28 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 120 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 120 30 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 120 31 ~3 ~3 NFP cord-010188-884d196k 120 32 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 121 1 A a DT cord-010188-884d196k 121 2 second second JJ cord-010188-884d196k 121 3 issue issue NN cord-010188-884d196k 121 4 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 121 5 importance importance NN cord-010188-884d196k 121 6 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 121 7 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 121 8 possible possible JJ cord-010188-884d196k 121 9 biohazard biohazard NN cord-010188-884d196k 121 10 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 121 11 working work VBG cord-010188-884d196k 121 12 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 121 13 alphaviruses alphavirus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 121 14 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 122 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 122 2 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 122 3 derived derive VBN cord-010188-884d196k 122 4 from from IN cord-010188-884d196k 122 5 Sernliki Sernliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 122 6 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 122 7 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 122 8 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 122 9 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 122 10 unable unable JJ cord-010188-884d196k 122 11 to to TO cord-010188-884d196k 122 12 provide provide VB cord-010188-884d196k 122 13 any any DT cord-010188-884d196k 122 14 viral viral JJ cord-010188-884d196k 122 15 structural structural JJ cord-010188-884d196k 122 16 proteins protein NNS cord-010188-884d196k 122 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 122 18 termed term VBN cord-010188-884d196k 122 19 ' ' `` cord-010188-884d196k 122 20 suicide suicide NN cord-010188-884d196k 122 21 ' ' '' cord-010188-884d196k 122 22 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 122 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 122 24 should should MD cord-010188-884d196k 122 25 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 122 26 safe safe JJ cord-010188-884d196k 122 27 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 122 28 laboratory laboratory NN cord-010188-884d196k 122 29 procedures procedure NNS cord-010188-884d196k 122 30 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 122 31 although although IN cord-010188-884d196k 122 32 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 122 33 possibility possibility NN cord-010188-884d196k 122 34 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 122 35 recombination recombination NN cord-010188-884d196k 122 36 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 122 37 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 122 38 production production NN cord-010188-884d196k 122 39 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 122 40 segmented segmented JJ cord-010188-884d196k 122 41 genome genome NN cord-010188-884d196k 122 42 particles particle NNS cord-010188-884d196k 122 43 has have VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 122 44 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 122 45 been be VBN cord-010188-884d196k 122 46 fully fully RB cord-010188-884d196k 122 47 resolved resolve VBN cord-010188-884d196k 122 48 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 123 1 There there EX cord-010188-884d196k 123 2 is be VBZ cord-010188-884d196k 123 3 one one CD cord-010188-884d196k 123 4 report report NN cord-010188-884d196k 123 5 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 123 6 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 123 7 fatal fatal JJ cord-010188-884d196k 123 8 infection infection NN cord-010188-884d196k 123 9 by by IN cord-010188-884d196k 123 10 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-010188-884d196k 123 11 Forest Forest NNP cord-010188-884d196k 123 12 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 123 13 23 23 CD cord-010188-884d196k 123 14 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 123 15 so so CC cord-010188-884d196k 123 16 caution caution NN cord-010188-884d196k 123 17 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 123 18 using use VBG cord-010188-884d196k 123 19 this this DT cord-010188-884d196k 123 20 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 123 21 must must MD cord-010188-884d196k 123 22 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 123 23 maintained maintain VBN cord-010188-884d196k 123 24 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 124 1 Most Most JJS cord-010188-884d196k 124 2 strains strain NNS cord-010188-884d196k 124 3 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 124 4 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-010188-884d196k 124 5 virus virus NN cord-010188-884d196k 124 6 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 124 7 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 124 8 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-010188-884d196k 124 9 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 124 10 so so RB cord-010188-884d196k 124 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 124 12 may may MD cord-010188-884d196k 124 13 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 124 14 preferred prefer VBN cord-010188-884d196k 124 15 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 124 16 many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 124 17 purposes purpose NNS cord-010188-884d196k 124 18 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 124 19 particularly particularly RB cord-010188-884d196k 124 20 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 124 21 those those DT cord-010188-884d196k 124 22 investigators investigator NNS cord-010188-884d196k 124 23 who who WP cord-010188-884d196k 124 24 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 124 25 less less RBR cord-010188-884d196k 124 26 familiar familiar JJ cord-010188-884d196k 124 27 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 124 28 working work VBG cord-010188-884d196k 124 29 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 124 30 infectious infectious JJ cord-010188-884d196k 124 31 agents agent NNS cord-010188-884d196k 124 32 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 125 1 There there EX cord-010188-884d196k 125 2 are be VBP cord-010188-884d196k 125 3 many many JJ cord-010188-884d196k 125 4 ways way NNS cord-010188-884d196k 125 5 that that WDT cord-010188-884d196k 125 6 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 125 7 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 125 8 can can MD cord-010188-884d196k 125 9 be be VB cord-010188-884d196k 125 10 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-010188-884d196k 125 11 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 125 12 made make VBN cord-010188-884d196k 125 13 safe safe JJ cord-010188-884d196k 125 14 for for IN cord-010188-884d196k 125 15 routine routine JJ cord-010188-884d196k 125 16 work work NN cord-010188-884d196k 125 17 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 125 18 so so IN cord-010188-884d196k 125 19 that that IN cord-010188-884d196k 125 20 in in IN cord-010188-884d196k 125 21 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 125 22 future future NN cord-010188-884d196k 125 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-010188-884d196k 125 24 use use NN cord-010188-884d196k 125 25 should should MD cord-010188-884d196k 125 26 become become VB cord-010188-884d196k 125 27 essentially essentially RB cord-010188-884d196k 125 28 risk risk NN cord-010188-884d196k 125 29 - - HYPH cord-010188-884d196k 125 30 free free JJ cord-010188-884d196k 125 31 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 126 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 126 2 initial initial JJ cord-010188-884d196k 126 3 studies study NNS cord-010188-884d196k 126 4 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 126 5 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 126 6 development development NN cord-010188-884d196k 126 7 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 126 8 alphaviruses alphaviruses NNP cord-010188-884d196k 126 9 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 126 10 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 126 11 uncovered uncover VBD cord-010188-884d196k 126 12 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 126 13 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-010188-884d196k 126 14 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 126 15 recombination recombination NN cord-010188-884d196k 126 16 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 127 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 127 2 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 127 3 led lead VBD cord-010188-884d196k 127 4 to to IN cord-010188-884d196k 127 5 some some DT cord-010188-884d196k 127 6 important important JJ cord-010188-884d196k 127 7 discoveries discovery NNS cord-010188-884d196k 127 8 about about IN cord-010188-884d196k 127 9 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 127 10 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 127 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-010188-884d196k 127 12 such such JJ cord-010188-884d196k 127 13 as as IN cord-010188-884d196k 127 14 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 127 15 identification identification NN cord-010188-884d196k 127 16 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 127 17 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 127 18 packaging packaging NN cord-010188-884d196k 127 19 signal signal NN cord-010188-884d196k 127 20 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 127 21 a a DT cord-010188-884d196k 127 22 definition definition NN cord-010188-884d196k 127 23 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 127 24 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 127 25 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-010188-884d196k 127 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 127 27 promoter promoter NN cord-010188-884d196k 127 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-010188-884d196k 127 29 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 128 1 In in IN cord-010188-884d196k 128 2 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 128 3 future future NN cord-010188-884d196k 128 4 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 128 5 continued continue VBD cord-010188-884d196k 128 6 work work NN cord-010188-884d196k 128 7 on on IN cord-010188-884d196k 128 8 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 128 9 vectors vector NNS cord-010188-884d196k 128 10 should should MD cord-010188-884d196k 128 11 not not RB cord-010188-884d196k 128 12 only only RB cord-010188-884d196k 128 13 provide provide VB cord-010188-884d196k 128 14 us -PRON- PRP cord-010188-884d196k 128 15 with with IN cord-010188-884d196k 128 16 improved improved JJ cord-010188-884d196k 128 17 expression expression NN cord-010188-884d196k 128 18 systems system NNS cord-010188-884d196k 128 19 , , , cord-010188-884d196k 128 20 but but CC cord-010188-884d196k 128 21 also also RB cord-010188-884d196k 128 22 reveal reveal VB cord-010188-884d196k 128 23 other other JJ cord-010188-884d196k 128 24 interesting interesting JJ cord-010188-884d196k 128 25 facets facet NNS cord-010188-884d196k 128 26 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 128 27 the the DT cord-010188-884d196k 128 28 biology biology NN cord-010188-884d196k 128 29 of of IN cord-010188-884d196k 128 30 these these DT cord-010188-884d196k 128 31 viruses virus NNS cord-010188-884d196k 128 32 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 129 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 129 2 7bgaviridae 7bgaviridae CD cord-010188-884d196k 129 3 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 129 4 Flaviviridae Flaviviridae NNP cord-010188-884d196k 129 5 Proc Proc NNP cord-010188-884d196k 129 6 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 130 1 Natl Natl NNP cord-010188-884d196k 130 2 Acad Acad NNP cord-010188-884d196k 130 3 . . NNP cord-010188-884d196k 130 4 & & CC cord-010188-884d196k 130 5 i. i. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 130 6 USA USA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 130 7 Proc Proc NNP cord-010188-884d196k 130 8 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 131 1 Natl Natl NNP cord-010188-884d196k 131 2 Acad Acad NNP cord-010188-884d196k 131 3 . . NNP cord-010188-884d196k 131 4 & & CC cord-010188-884d196k 131 5 i. i. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 131 6 USA USA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 131 7 Proc Proc NNP cord-010188-884d196k 131 8 . . . cord-010188-884d196k 132 1 Natl Natl NNP cord-010188-884d196k 132 2 Acad Acad NNP cord-010188-884d196k 132 3 . . NNP cord-010188-884d196k 132 4 & & CC cord-010188-884d196k 132 5 i. i. NNP cord-010188-884d196k 132 6 USA USA NNP cord-010188-884d196k 133 1 The the DT cord-010188-884d196k 133 2 " " `` cord-010188-884d196k 133 3 lb2aviridae lb2aviridae NNS cord-010188-884d196k 133 4 and and CC cord-010188-884d196k 133 5 blavivMdae blavivMdae .