key: cord-023610-zj13gy7z authors: Schaaf, H.S.; Beyers, N.; Nel, E.D.; Gie, R.P.; Donald, P.R. title: Seasonal variation in the culture rate of M. tuberculosis in children date: 2004-04-02 journal: Tuber Lung Dis DOI: 10.1016/0962-8479(94)90829-x sha: doc_id: 23610 cord_uid: zj13gy7z nan epidemic influenza and of clinical cases of pneumopatia has been determined by means of laboratory assessements (virus isolation, indirect immunofluorescence, specific serologic tests). The type A influenza virus was incriminated in 60 % of the cases and in 35 % of the cases was incriminated the association of influenza virus with parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses and S.R. virus. In a small number of cases (children) with severe respiratory diseases, the examination of trachea-bronchic aspirate was positive for bacteria and fungi. The association virus-bacteria was found in 96% of these cases, confirming the gravity of their evolution and prognostic. Further studies, with particular reference to the etiology of severe respiratory diseases, are required, enabling thus a real evaluation of infectious morbidity and an adequate approach of treatment. The mean ELISA value in patients was significantly higher as compared to controls (P < .OOl). A total of 58 MB strains isolated from different mammalian species: 48 bovines, 5 felines (cats), one Camelidae (llama), and 4 seals; and other 19 MB isolates form TB patients, were included in the study. The 245 bp probe hybridized with an unique 1.9 KG restriction fragment in 64 MB strains, and either with one fragment in a different position or with more than ohne fragment in other 13 strains-isolated from 8 bovines, 1 llama, 2 cats and 2 TB patients. The restriction fragment patterns of four MB strains from seals were identical and clearly different from all the remaining MB strains. The use of the 5030 probe allowed us to confirm transmission of infection in a herd where 2 MB isolates from 2 cows were identical, and different from all other isolates found in that region. Most of these Argentine MB strains presented only one copy of IS 6110, and that limits further use of this element for epidemiological surveillance. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) are widely used in clinical practic for antimycobacterial antibody detection still, the development of more EIA-variant, based on new more specific micobacteria-derived antigens is never stopped. An antigenic preparat from M. bovis BCG (Russia) cell wall was purified by Triton X-100 extraction will subsequent auton sedimentation and ether treatment. This complex antigen was named Triton fraction (TF). It contains three serologically active antigenic determinant identical to those of Triton fractions separated from virulent micobacterial strains M. bovis and M. humanus. This provides us the opportunity to use it in EIA test system for specific antibodies detection in lung tuberculosis patient's sera. With serum sample, deluting 1:200 the sensitivity of this method ranges from 71 % to 91 % depending on the form and activity of lung tuberculosis process. The same dilution of sera from the group of healthy blood donors gave 93 % specificity of the test. No more than 10 % false-positive results were obtained while testing 1:200 diluted sera from non-tuberculosis lung patients. The method described is used to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis in clinical practice as well as for high risk groups detection in mass surveys at epidemic centres. Schaaf, H. S., Beyers, N., Nel, E. D.) Conclusion: Culture rate of M.tb was significantly higher during spring than during the other seasons. This is supported by the same trend in children with TBM. We speculate that more TB infections occurs during winter which then present with disease in spring. (table 1) . Drugs involved mostly are H (56 %) and S (23 %). Multidrug resistance (2 2 drugs) (MDR) remains stable since 1990. More than 50% of MDR are due to H and S resistance. Table 1 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 21 Risk factors for SDR and MDR have been a status as foreign born (60%) and previous treatment (37 %). In a great urban population in Germany we found increasing and relatively high rates of M.tb. resistance since 1987. The study was conducted on 22 active pulmonary T. B. cases and 10 matched control subjects. All patients hat sputum positive for acid fast bacilli. They were subjected to full clinical examination including chest X-ray. Blood samples were taken at admission and at one and two months following the start of anti TB therapy for routine analysis as well as serum ADA and A60 IgG. The results of this study revealed that on admission, mean ADA level 37.07 k 2.49 U/L was significantly higher than the control group 15.88 & 0.97 U/L. The value of ADA on admission was significantly higher than at one and two months after treatment. This implies the importance of ADA as a predictor for successful treatment. Serum IgG to A60 presented significantly higher values after 2 months of treatment than its level on admission. When a cutoff value of 200 units was chosen, 36.6 % of patients were found to be positive for A60 IgG on admission, while the figure increased to 68.2 % after 2 months of treatment. This may signify a role for A60 IgG on long term follow up as a predictor of immunological response to TB infection. No correlation was found between either ADA or A60 IgG and type or extent of radiological findings nor with extent of tuberculin activity. Pulmonary tuberculosis (Sputum Positive) 2. Pulmonary tuberculosis (Sputum Negative) Abdominal Tuberculosis Milliary Tuberculosis 9 Renal and Urinary track tuberculosis. 11. Skin Tuberculosis. 12. Tuberculosis of EYE Tubercular Laryngitis. 14. Genital tuberculosis. 15. Quescent cases Normal Individuals (Monteux Positive) Normal Individuals (Monteux Negative)