id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-003334-ion97n4b	De Silva Senapathi, Upasama	The In Ovo Delivery of CpG Oligonucleotides Protects against Infectious Bronchitis with the Recruitment of Immune Cells into the Respiratory Tract of Chickens	2018-11-15		.txt	text/plain	5827	266	54	Although the delivery of CpG ODNs in ovo at embryo day (ED) 18 has been shown to reduce infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) loads in embryonic chicken lungs pre-hatch, whether in ovo delivered CpG ODNs are capable of protecting chickens against a post-hatch challenge is unknown. We found significantly higher survival rates and reduced IBV infection in the chickens following the pre-treatment of the ED 18 eggs with CpG ODNs. At 3 days post infection (dpi), we found an increased recruitment of macrophages, cluster of differentiation (CD)8α+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and an up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the respiratory tract of the chickens. Considering that we observed a significant reduction in the IBV induced morbidity and mortality of in ovo CpG ODN pre-treated birds correlating with varying degrees of increased macrophages, CD4+, and CD8α+ T cells in the tracheal and lung tissues, we needed to further elucidate the mechanisms by which these immune cells were efficiently recruited.	./cache/cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt	./txt/cord-003334-ion97n4b.txt