id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-283497-75qejr8o	Bobade, Deepali	Hemozoin‐induced activation of human monocytes toward M2‐like phenotype is partially reversed by antimalarial drugs—chloroquine and artemisinin	2018-06-07		.txt	text/plain	5669	318	46	In the present study, we aimed to (a) investigate the effect of Hz in the activation of human MO toward M2 phenotype, (b) examine the signaling pathways involved in the process, and (c) explore the potential of antimalarial drugschloroquine (CHQ) and artemisinin (ART)-in reversion of Hz-driven activation of MO. Wortmannin effectively reduced the level of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in supernatants of MO fed with Hz, signifying the role of PI3K-AKT pathway in inhibiting M2-like phenotype (Supporting Information Figure S8c ). Antimalarial drugs-artemisinin and chloroquine-partially reverse the Hz-induced M2-like phenotype activated p38 MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and NF-κB pathways and pharmacological inhibitors for these pathways dramatically down-regulated the expression and secretion of IL-10, thus, over-riding the induction triggered by Hz exposure. Hz released after schizont rupture is readily ingested by circulating MO in blood; activates PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK pathways resulting in increased expression of M2 markers; and drives the MO toward M2 (M2a and M2b)-like phenotype.	./cache/cord-283497-75qejr8o.txt	./txt/cord-283497-75qejr8o.txt