id sid tid token lemma pos cord-272728-inndwa61 1 1 key key NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 1 2 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 1 3 cord-272728-inndwa61 cord-272728-inndwa61 NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 1 4 authors author NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 1 5 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 1 6 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 1 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 1 8 Kwonil Kwonil NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 1 9 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 1 10 Miyazaki Miyazaki NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 1 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 1 12 Ayako Ayako NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 1 13 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 1 14 Saif Saif NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 1 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 2 1 Linda Linda NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 2 J. J. NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 3 title title NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 4 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 2 5 Immunohistochemical immunohistochemical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 2 6 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 2 9 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 10 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 2 11 inducing induce VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 2 12 monoamine monoamine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 13 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 14 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 15 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 2 16 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 17 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 2 18 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 2 20 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 2 21 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 22 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 2 23 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 2 24 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 2 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 2 26 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 2 28 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 2 29 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 30 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 31 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 2 32 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 33 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 34 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 2 36 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 2 38 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 2 39 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 40 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 41 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 2 42 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 43 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 44 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 2 45 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 2 46 acute acute VB cord-272728-inndwa61 2 47 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 48 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 49 date date NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 50 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 2 51 2018 2018 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 2 52 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 2 53 08 08 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 2 54 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 2 55 31 31 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 2 56 journal journal NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 57 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 2 58 Research research NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 59 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 60 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 61 Science Science NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 2 62 DOI doi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 2 63 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 2 64 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 3 1 /j.rvsc.2018.06.009 /j.rvsc.2018.06.009 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 3 2 sha sha NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 3 3 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 4 1 0b506e20788c168d572bf9e48a54cb4573eb6085 0b506e20788c168d572bf9e48a54cb4573eb6085 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 4 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-272728-inndwa61 5 1 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 5 2 272728 272728 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 5 3 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 5 4 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 6 1 inndwa61 inndwa61 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 7 1 Abstract Abstract NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 7 2 Serotonin Serotonin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 7 3 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 7 4 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 7 5 critical critical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 7 6 monoamine monoamine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 7 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 8 molecule molecule NN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 9 stored store VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 7 11 released release VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 12 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 13 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 7 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 7 15 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 7 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 7 17 cells cell VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 7 18 into into IN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 7 20 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 21 submucosa submucosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 7 22 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 7 23 transmitting transmit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 7 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 7 25 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 26 signal signal NN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 27 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 7 29 brain brain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 7 30 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 8 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 8 2 studied study VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 8 3 one one CD cord-272728-inndwa61 8 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 5 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 6 which which WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 8 7 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 8 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 8 9 induced induce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 10 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 11 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 8 12 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 13 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 14 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 8 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 16 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 17 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 8 19 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 8 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 8 21 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 22 characterization characterization NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 23 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 24 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 25 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 8 26 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 8 27 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 28 immunohistochemistry immunohistochemistry NN cord-272728-inndwa61 8 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 9 1 Conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 9 2 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 9 3 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 9 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 9 5 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 9 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 9 7 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 9 8 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 9 9 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 9 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 9 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 1 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 10 2 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 10 3 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 5 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 6 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 10 7 12 12 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 10 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 9 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 10 10 Mock Mock NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 10 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 12 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 13 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 10 14 14 14 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 10 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 17 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 10 18 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 19 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 10 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 21 8.9–9.2 8.9–9.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 10 22 log10 log10 NN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 23 genomic genomic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 10 24 equivalents equivalent NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 10 25 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 10 26 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 10 28 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 29 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 10 30 PC21A pc21a JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 10 31 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 32 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 10 33 mock mock NN cord-272728-inndwa61 10 34 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 11 1 This this DT cord-272728-inndwa61 11 2 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 11 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 11 4 first first JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 11 5 identification identification NN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 6 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 7 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 8 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 11 9 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 11 10 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 11 11 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 11 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 13 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 14 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 15 immunohistochemistry immunohistochemistry NN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 16 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 11 17 mainly mainly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 11 18 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 19 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 11 20 crypts crypt NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 11 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 11 22 regardless regardless RB cord-272728-inndwa61 11 23 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 24 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 25 status status NN cord-272728-inndwa61 11 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 12 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 12 2 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 12 3 morphologically morphologically RB cord-272728-inndwa61 12 4 triangular triangular JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 12 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 12 6 shaped shaped JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 12 7 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 12 8 round round JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 12 9 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 12 10 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 12 11 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 12 12 without without IN cord-272728-inndwa61 12 13 apical apical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 12 14 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 12 15 extensions extension NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 12 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 12 17 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 12 18 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 13 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 2 post post JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 13 3 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 13 4 inoculation inoculation JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 13 5 hour hour NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 13 7 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 13 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 13 9 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 13 10 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 13 11 24 24 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 13 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 13 13 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 13 14 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 15 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 13 16 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 13 17 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 13 18 frequently frequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 13 19 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 13 21 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 13 22 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 13 23 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 13 24 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 25 resulted result VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 13 26 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 27 significantly significantly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 13 28 reduced reduce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 29 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 13 30 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 31 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 32 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 13 33 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 13 34 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 13 35 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 13 36 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 37 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 38 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 13 39 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 40 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 41 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 13 42 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 13 43 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 44 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 13 45 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 13 46 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 13 47 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 14 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 14 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 14 3 two two CD cord-272728-inndwa61 14 4 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 5 three three CD cord-272728-inndwa61 14 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 14 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 14 8 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 9 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 14 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 14 11 that that WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 14 12 did do VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 14 13 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 14 14 yet yet RB cord-272728-inndwa61 14 15 show show VB cord-272728-inndwa61 14 16 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 17 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 18 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 14 19 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 14 20 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 14 21 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 14 22 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 23 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 24 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 14 25 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 14 26 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 14 27 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 14 28 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 29 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 30 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 14 31 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 32 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 14 33 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 34 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 14 35 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 36 those those DT cord-272728-inndwa61 14 37 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 14 38 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 14 39 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 14 40 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 14 41 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 15 1 These these DT cord-272728-inndwa61 15 2 findings finding NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 15 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 15 4 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 5 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 6 release release NN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 7 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 8 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 15 9 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 15 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 15 11 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 12 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 13 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 15 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 15 15 into into IN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 15 17 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 18 submucosa submucosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 15 19 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 15 20 occur occur VB cord-272728-inndwa61 15 21 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 15 22 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 15 23 post post NN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 24 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 25 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 26 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 15 27 stimulate stimulate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 15 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 15 29 vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 15 30 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 15 31 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 15 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 15 33 followed follow VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 34 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 15 35 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 15 36 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 16 1 Serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 16 2 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 16 3 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 16 4 involved involve VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 16 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 16 6 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 16 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 16 8 related relate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 16 9 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 16 10 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 16 11 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 16 12 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 16 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 16 14 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 16 15 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 16 16 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 17 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 17 2 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 17 3 found find VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 17 4 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 5 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 6 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 7 jejunum jejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 8 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 17 9 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 17 10 primary primary JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 11 site site NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 13 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 14 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 17 15 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 17 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 17 18 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 19 systemic systemic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 20 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 21 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 17 22 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 23 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 24 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 25 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 26 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 17 27 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 17 28 induced induce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 29 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 30 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 17 31 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 17 32 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 33 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 34 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 17 35 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 17 36 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 18 1 Vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 18 2 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 18 3 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 18 4 defensive defensive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 18 5 reaction reaction NN cord-272728-inndwa61 18 6 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 18 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 18 8 body body NN cord-272728-inndwa61 18 9 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 18 10 rapidly rapidly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 18 11 remove remove VB cord-272728-inndwa61 18 12 ingested ingested JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 18 13 toxins toxin NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 18 14 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 18 15 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 18 16 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 18 17 tract tract NN cord-272728-inndwa61 18 18 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 19 1 Vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 2 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 19 3 generally generally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 19 4 induced induce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 5 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 19 6 either either DT cord-272728-inndwa61 19 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 19 9 two two CD cord-272728-inndwa61 19 10 medullary medullary JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 19 11 centers center NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 19 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 13 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 19 14 brain brain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 19 16 integrative integrative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 19 17 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 18 center center NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 19 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 19 20 chemoreceptor chemoreceptor NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 21 trigger trigger NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 22 zone zone NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 19 24 CRTZ CRTZ NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 19 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 19 26 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 19 27 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 19 28 activated activate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 29 via via IN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 30 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 19 31 variety variety NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 32 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 19 34 surface surface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 35 chemoreceptors chemoreceptor NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 19 36 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 19 37 such such JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 19 38 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 19 39 5-HT 5-ht CD cord-272728-inndwa61 19 40 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 20 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 20 2 Endo Endo NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 20 3 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 20 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 20 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 20 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 20 7 2000 2000 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 20 8 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 20 9 Sikander Sikander NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 20 10 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 20 11 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 20 12 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 21 1 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 21 2 2009 2009 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 21 3 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 21 4 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 21 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 21 6 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 21 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 21 8 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 22 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 22 2 integrative integrative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 22 3 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 4 center center NN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 22 6 CRTZ CRTZ NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 22 7 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 22 8 triggered trigger VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 9 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 10 activation activation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 12 vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 22 13 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 22 14 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 22 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 22 17 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 22 18 tract tract NN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 19 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 22 20 circulating circulate VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 22 21 toxins toxin NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 22 22 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 23 blood blood NN cord-272728-inndwa61 22 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 22 25 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 22 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 23 1 There there EX cord-272728-inndwa61 23 2 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 23 3 vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 23 4 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 23 5 enteric enteric JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 23 6 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 23 7 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 23 8 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 23 9 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 23 10 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 23 11 submucosa submucosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 23 12 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 24 1 Vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 24 2 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 24 3 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 24 4 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 24 5 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 6 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 7 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 24 8 monoamine monoamine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 9 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 10 molecule molecule NN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 24 12 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 24 14 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-hydroxytryptamine CD cord-272728-inndwa61 24 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 24 16 5-HT 5-ht CD cord-272728-inndwa61 24 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 24 18 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 24 19 released release VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 20 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 21 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 24 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 24 23 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 24 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 24 25 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 24 26 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 27 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 24 28 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 24 29 tract tract NN cord-272728-inndwa61 24 30 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 25 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 25 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 25 3 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 25 4 signals signal NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 25 5 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 25 6 transmitted transmit VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 25 7 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 25 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 25 9 integrative integrative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 25 10 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 25 11 center center NN cord-272728-inndwa61 25 12 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 25 13 then then RB cord-272728-inndwa61 25 14 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 25 15 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 25 16 central central JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 25 17 nervous nervous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 25 18 system system NN cord-272728-inndwa61 25 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 25 20 CNS CNS NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 25 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 25 22 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 26 1 Emetic emetic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 26 2 efferent efferent NN cord-272728-inndwa61 26 3 signals signal NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 26 4 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 26 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 26 6 CNS CNS NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 26 7 reach reach VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 26 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 26 9 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 26 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 26 11 abdominal abdominal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 26 12 muscles muscle NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 26 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 26 14 leading lead VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 26 15 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 26 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 26 17 expulsive expulsive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 26 18 actions action NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 26 19 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 26 20 which which WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 26 21 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 26 22 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 26 23 induced induce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 27 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 27 2 Endo Endo NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 27 3 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 27 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 27 5 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 28 1 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 28 2 2000 2000 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 28 3 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 28 4 Sikander Sikander NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 28 5 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 28 6 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 28 7 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 28 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 28 9 2009 2009 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 28 10 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 28 11 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 28 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 28 13 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 28 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 28 15 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 29 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 2 humans human NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 29 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 29 4 approximately approximately RB cord-272728-inndwa61 29 5 95 95 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 29 6 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 29 8 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 29 9 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 11 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 12 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 29 13 stored store VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 14 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 15 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 29 16 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 29 18 brain brain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 29 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 29 20 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 29 21 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 30 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 2 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 30 3 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 30 5 90 90 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 30 6 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 8 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 9 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 30 10 deposited deposit VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 11 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 30 13 secretory secretory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 30 14 granules granule NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 30 15 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 16 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 30 17 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 30 18 mainly mainly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 30 19 located locate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 20 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 21 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 30 22 crypts crypt NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 30 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 30 24 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 30 25 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 30 26 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 27 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 30 28 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 29 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 30 30 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 30 31 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 30 32 submucosa submucosa NN cord-272728-inndwa61 31 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 31 2 Endo Endo NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 31 3 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 31 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 31 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 31 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 31 7 2000 2000 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 31 8 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 31 9 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 31 10 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 31 11 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 31 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 31 13 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 32 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 32 2 humans human NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 32 3 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 32 4 rats rat NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 32 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 32 6 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 32 7 immunohistochemistry immunohistochemistry NN cord-272728-inndwa61 32 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 32 9 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 32 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 32 11 using use VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 32 12 antibodies antibody NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 32 13 against against IN cord-272728-inndwa61 32 14 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 32 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 32 16 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 32 17 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 32 18 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 32 19 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 32 20 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 32 21 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 32 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 32 23 triangular triangular JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 32 24 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 32 25 shaped shaped JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 32 26 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 32 27 apical apical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 32 28 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 32 29 extensions extension NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 32 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 32 31 Gustafsson Gustafsson NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 32 32 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 32 33 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 32 34 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 32 35 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 32 36 2006 2006 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 32 37 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 32 38 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 32 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 32 40 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 32 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 32 42 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 33 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 33 2 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 33 3 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 33 4 likely likely RB cord-272728-inndwa61 33 5 originate originate VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 33 6 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 33 7 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 33 8 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 33 9 stem stem NN cord-272728-inndwa61 33 10 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 33 11 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 34 1 A a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 34 2 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 34 4 biological biological JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 34 6 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 34 7 chemical chemical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 8 stimulus stimulus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 9 causes cause VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 10 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 34 11 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 34 12 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 13 secret secret JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 14 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 15 into into IN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 34 17 lamina lamina JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 18 propria propria NN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 19 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 34 20 lumen lumen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 21 that that WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 34 22 acts act VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 23 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 24 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 25 receptors receptor NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 34 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 34 27 5-HT 5-ht CD cord-272728-inndwa61 34 28 3 3 LS cord-272728-inndwa61 34 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 34 30 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 31 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 34 32 terminals terminal NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 34 33 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 34 34 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 34 35 vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 36 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 34 37 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 34 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 34 39 Endo Endo NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 34 40 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 34 41 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 34 42 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 34 43 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 34 44 2000 2000 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 34 45 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 34 46 Gustafsson Gustafsson NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 34 47 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 34 48 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 34 49 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 35 1 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 35 2 2006 2006 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 35 3 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 35 4 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 35 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 35 6 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 35 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 35 8 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 36 1 Serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 36 2 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 36 3 functions function VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 36 4 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 36 5 promote promote VB cord-272728-inndwa61 36 6 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 36 7 activation activation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 36 8 through through IN cord-272728-inndwa61 36 9 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 36 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 36 11 expressed express VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 36 12 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 36 13 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 36 14 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 36 15 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 36 16 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 36 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 36 18 T t NN cord-272728-inndwa61 36 19 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 36 20 B b NN cord-272728-inndwa61 36 21 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 37 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 37 2 Li Li NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 37 3 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 37 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 37 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 37 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 37 7 2011 2011 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 37 8 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 38 1 Shajib Shajib NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 38 2 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 38 3 Khan Khan NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 38 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 38 5 2015 2015 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 38 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 38 7 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 39 1 Porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 39 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 39 3 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 39 4 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 39 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 39 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 39 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 40 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 40 2 family family NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 3 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 40 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 40 5 genus genus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 6 Alphacoronavirus Alphacoronavirus NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 40 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 40 8 causes cause VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 40 9 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 40 10 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 40 12 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 40 14 decreased decrease VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 40 15 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 40 16 loss loss NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 18 appetite appetite NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 40 20 dehydration dehydration NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 21 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 40 22 high high JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 40 23 mortality mortality NN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 24 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 40 25 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 40 26 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 40 27 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 41 1 Diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 2 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 41 3 frequently frequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 41 4 accompanied accompany VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 5 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 6 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 41 7 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 8 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 41 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 41 10 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 11 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 12 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 41 13 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 41 15 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 41 16 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 18 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 41 20 exacerbating exacerbate VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 41 21 dehydration dehydration NN cord-272728-inndwa61 41 22 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 42 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 42 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 42 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 42 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 42 5 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 42 6 which which WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 42 7 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 42 8 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 42 9 induced induce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 42 10 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 42 11 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 42 12 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 42 13 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 42 14 poorly poorly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 42 15 understood understand VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 42 16 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 43 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 43 2 hypothesized hypothesize VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 43 3 that that DT cord-272728-inndwa61 43 4 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 43 5 i i LS cord-272728-inndwa61 43 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 43 7 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 43 8 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 43 9 involved involve VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 43 10 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 43 11 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 43 12 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 43 13 related relate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 43 14 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 43 15 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 44 1 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 44 2 ii ii LS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 44 4 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 5 release release NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 6 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 7 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 44 8 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 9 into into IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 44 11 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 12 lamina lamina NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 13 propria propria NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 14 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 44 15 lumen lumen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 16 occurs occur VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 17 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 18 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 44 19 post post NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 20 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 21 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 22 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 44 23 stimulate stimulate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 44 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 44 25 vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 26 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 27 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 44 29 followed follow VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 30 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 31 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 44 32 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 44 33 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 44 34 iii iii LS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 44 36 expression expression NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 37 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 38 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 39 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 40 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 41 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 42 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 44 43 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 44 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 44 45 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 46 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 47 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 48 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 44 49 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 50 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 44 51 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 52 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 53 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 44 54 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 55 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 44 56 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 57 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 58 differ differ VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 44 59 between between IN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 60 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 44 61 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 44 62 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 44 63 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 44 64 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 44 65 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 44 66 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 45 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 45 2 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 3 situ situ NN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 4 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 45 6 characterization characterization NN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 8 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 45 9 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 45 10 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 11 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 12 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 45 13 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 45 14 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 45 15 unknown unknown JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 45 16 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 46 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 3 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 46 5 therefore therefore RB cord-272728-inndwa61 46 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 46 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 46 8 aimed aim VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 46 9 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 46 10 develop develop VB cord-272728-inndwa61 46 11 an an DT cord-272728-inndwa61 46 12 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 46 13 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 46 14 detect detect VB cord-272728-inndwa61 46 15 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 46 16 characterize characterize VB cord-272728-inndwa61 46 17 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 46 18 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 46 19 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 20 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 21 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 46 23 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 46 24 determine determine VB cord-272728-inndwa61 46 25 whether whether IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 26 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 46 27 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 28 alters alter VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 29 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 46 30 number number NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 31 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 32 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 33 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 46 34 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 35 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 46 36 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 46 37 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 38 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 46 39 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 40 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 46 41 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 42 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 46 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 46 44 primary primary JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 45 sites site NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 46 46 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 47 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 46 48 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 46 50 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 51 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 52 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 46 54 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 46 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 46 56 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 46 57 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 58 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 46 59 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 60 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 46 61 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 46 62 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 46 63 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 64 disease disease NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 65 progression progression NN cord-272728-inndwa61 46 66 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 47 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 47 2 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 47 3 aimed aim VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 47 4 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 47 5 detail detail VB cord-272728-inndwa61 47 6 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 47 7 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 8 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 9 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 47 11 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 47 13 including include VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 47 14 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 15 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 17 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 47 18 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 19 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 47 20 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 21 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 47 23 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 24 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 25 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 26 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 27 profiles profile NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 47 28 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 29 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 30 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 47 31 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 47 32 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 47 33 understand understand VB cord-272728-inndwa61 47 34 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 47 35 relationship relationship NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 36 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 37 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 38 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 47 39 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 40 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 41 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 47 42 frequency frequency NN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 43 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 44 serotoninpositive serotoninpositive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 45 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 47 46 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 47 47 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 47 48 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 47 49 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 50 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 47 51 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 47 52 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 47 53 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 48 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 48 2 US US NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 48 3 virulent virulent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 48 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 48 5 wild wild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 48 6 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 48 7 type type NN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 48 9 PEDV pedv NN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 10 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 11 PC21A PC21A NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 48 12 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 48 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 14 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 15 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 48 16 contents content NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 48 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 18 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 48 19 diarrheic diarrheic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 48 20 1-day 1-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 48 21 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 48 22 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 48 23 piglet piglet NN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 24 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 25 an an DT cord-272728-inndwa61 48 26 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 48 27 farm farm NN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 28 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 48 29 June June NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 48 30 2013 2013 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 49 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 49 2 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 49 3 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 49 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 49 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 49 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 49 7 2014 2014 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 49 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 49 9 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 50 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 50 2 original original JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 3 sample sample NN cord-272728-inndwa61 50 4 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 50 5 serially serially RB cord-272728-inndwa61 50 6 passaged passage VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 50 7 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 50 8 times time NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 50 9 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 50 10 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 50 11 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 50 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 50 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 50 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 50 15 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 16 contents content NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 50 17 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 50 18 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 19 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 50 20 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 21 enteric enteric JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 22 viruses virus NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 50 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 50 24 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 25 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 50 26 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 50 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 50 28 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 29 deltacoronavirus deltacoronavirus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 50 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 50 31 PDCoV PDCoV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 50 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 50 33 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 50 34 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 35 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 50 36 groups group NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 50 37 A A NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 50 38 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 50 39 C C NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 50 40 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 50 41 etc etc FW cord-272728-inndwa61 50 42 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 50 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 51 1 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 51 2 PCR PCR NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 51 3 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 51 4 RT RT NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 51 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 51 6 PCR PCR NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 51 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 51 8 electron electron NN cord-272728-inndwa61 51 9 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 51 10 examination examination NN cord-272728-inndwa61 51 11 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 52 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 52 2 titer titer NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 4 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 52 5 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 6 2ndpassaged 2ndpassaged CD cord-272728-inndwa61 52 7 PC21A PC21A NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 52 8 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 52 9 11.8 11.8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 52 10 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 11 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 52 12 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 52 13 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 52 14 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 15 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 52 16 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 52 17 used use VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 18 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 19 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 20 inoculum inoculum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 21 after after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 22 dilution dilution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 23 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 24 minimal minimal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 52 25 essential essential JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 52 26 medium medium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 52 28 MEM mem NN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 52 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 52 31 Invitrogen Invitrogen NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 52 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 52 33 Carlsbad Carlsbad NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 52 34 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 52 35 CA CA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 52 36 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 52 37 USA USA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 52 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 52 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 52 40 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 41 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 52 42 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 52 43 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 53 1 Six six CD cord-272728-inndwa61 53 2 Large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 3 White White NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 4 × × NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 5 Duroc Duroc NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 6 crossbred crossbreed VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 53 7 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 8 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 53 9 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 53 10 acquired acquire VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 11 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 12 hysterectomy hysterectomy NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 13 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 14 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 53 15 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 16 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 53 17 seronegative seronegative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 18 pregnant pregnant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 19 sow sow NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 20 obtained obtain VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 21 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 22 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 53 23 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 24 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 53 25 free free JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 26 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 53 27 specific specific JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 28 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 53 29 pathogen pathogen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 30 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 53 31 free free JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 53 33 SPF spf NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 53 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 53 36 confirmed confirm VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 37 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 38 history history NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 39 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 53 40 seronegative seronegative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 41 sows sow NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 53 42 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 53 43 lack lack NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 44 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 45 qRT qRT NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 46 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 53 47 PCR pcr NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 48 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 53 49 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 50 fecal fecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 53 51 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 53 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 53 53 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 54 herd herd NN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 55 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 53 56 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 53 57 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 58 State State NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 59 University University NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 53 60 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 54 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 54 2 SPF SPF NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 54 3 herd herd NN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 4 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 54 5 seronegative seronegative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 6 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 7 antibodies antibody NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 54 8 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 9 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 10 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 11 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 54 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 13 syndrome syndrome NN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 14 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 54 16 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 54 20 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 21 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 22 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 23 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 54 24 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 25 circovirus circovirus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 54 26 type type NN cord-272728-inndwa61 54 27 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 54 28 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 55 1 Six six CD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 2 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 55 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 55 4 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 55 5 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 55 6 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 55 7 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 8 randomly randomly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 55 9 assigned assign VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 55 10 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 55 11 one one CD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 55 13 two two CD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 14 groups group NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 55 15 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 55 16 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 55 17 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 55 18 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 55 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 55 20 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 55 21 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 55 22 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 23 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 55 24 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 55 25 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 26 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 55 27 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 55 29 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 55 30 Mock Mock NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 55 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 55 32 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 55 33 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 55 34 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 55 35 ; ; . cord-272728-inndwa61 56 1 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 56 2 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 56 3 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 56 4 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 56 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 56 6 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 57 1 Pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 57 2 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 57 3 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 57 4 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 57 5 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 57 6 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 57 7 ml ml NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 57 8 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 57 9 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 57 10 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 57 11 PC21A pc21a CD cord-272728-inndwa61 57 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 57 13 8.9 8.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 57 14 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 57 15 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 57 16 genomic genomic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 57 17 equivalents equivalent NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 57 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 57 19 GE)/ml GE)/ml NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 57 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 58 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 58 2 9.2 9.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 58 3 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 4 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 58 5 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 58 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 58 7 ≈3.2 ≈3.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 58 8 log log VB cord-272728-inndwa61 58 9 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 58 10 PFU pfu NN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 58 12 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 13 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 58 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 58 16 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 58 17 dose dose NN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 18 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 58 19 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 20 that that DT cord-272728-inndwa61 58 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 58 22 8.9 8.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 58 23 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 24 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 58 25 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 58 26 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 58 27 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 58 29 used use VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 30 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 31 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 58 32 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 58 33 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 34 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 58 35 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 58 36 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 58 37 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 38 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 58 39 MEM MEM NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 58 40 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 59 1 After after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 59 3 inoculation inoculation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 59 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 59 6 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 59 7 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 59 8 monitored monitor VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 9 frequently frequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 59 10 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 11 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 59 12 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 59 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 59 14 such such JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 59 15 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 16 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 59 18 appetite appetite NN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 59 20 activity activity NN cord-272728-inndwa61 59 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 59 22 etc etc FW cord-272728-inndwa61 59 23 . . FW cord-272728-inndwa61 59 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 59 25 especially especially RB cord-272728-inndwa61 59 26 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 59 27 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 60 1 Inoculated inoculated JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 2 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 60 3 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 4 control control NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 5 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 60 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 60 7 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 8 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 60 9 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 60 10 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 60 11 group group NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 12 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 13 each each DT cord-272728-inndwa61 60 14 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 15 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 60 16 point point NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 60 18 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 60 19 euthanized euthanize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 20 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 21 virological virological JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 60 23 pathological pathological JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 24 examination examination NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 25 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 26 an an DT cord-272728-inndwa61 60 27 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 28 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 60 29 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 30 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 31 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 32 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 60 33 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 60 34 shortly shortly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 60 35 after after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 36 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 37 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 60 38 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 60 39 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 40 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 60 41 i.e. i.e. FW cord-272728-inndwa61 60 42 approximately approximately RB cord-272728-inndwa61 60 43 post post JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 44 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 45 inoculation inoculation JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 60 46 hour hour NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 60 48 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 60 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 60 50 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 60 51 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 52 this this DT cord-272728-inndwa61 60 53 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 60 54 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 61 1 Diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 61 2 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 61 3 assessed assess VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 61 4 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 61 5 scoring score VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 61 6 fecal fecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 61 7 consistency consistency NN cord-272728-inndwa61 61 8 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 62 1 Fecal fecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 62 2 consistency consistency NN cord-272728-inndwa61 62 3 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 62 4 scored score VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 62 5 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 62 6 follows follow VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 62 7 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 62 8 0 0 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 62 9 = = NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 62 10 solid solid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 63 1 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 63 2 1 1 LS cord-272728-inndwa61 63 3 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 63 4 pasty pasty NN cord-272728-inndwa61 63 5 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 63 6 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 63 7 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 63 8 semi semi JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 63 9 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 63 10 liquid liquid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 63 11 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 63 12 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 63 13 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 63 14 liquid liquid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 63 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 63 16 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 63 17 scores score NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 63 18 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 63 19 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 63 20 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 63 21 more more RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 63 22 considered consider VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 63 23 diarrheic diarrheic NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 63 24 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 64 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 64 2 Institutional Institutional NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 3 Animal Animal NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 4 Care Care NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 64 6 Use Use NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 7 Committee Committee NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 64 9 IACUC IACUC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 64 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 64 12 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 64 13 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 14 State State NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 15 University University NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 64 16 approved approve VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 64 17 all all DT cord-272728-inndwa61 64 18 protocols protocol NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 64 19 related relate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 64 20 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 64 21 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 64 22 animal animal NN cord-272728-inndwa61 64 23 experiments experiment NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 64 24 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 64 25 this this DT cord-272728-inndwa61 64 26 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 64 27 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 65 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 65 2 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 65 3 tissue tissue NN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 4 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 65 5 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 6 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 65 7 archival archival JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 65 8 formalin formalin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 65 10 fixed fix VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 65 12 paraffin paraffin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 65 14 embedded embed VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 15 tissues tissue NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 65 16 acquired acquire VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 17 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 65 18 twenty twenty CD cord-272728-inndwa61 65 19 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 65 20 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 65 21 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 66 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 66 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 66 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 66 4 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 66 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 66 6 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 66 7 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 66 8 9 9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 66 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 66 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 66 11 Mock Mock NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 66 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 66 13 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 66 14 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 66 15 11 11 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 66 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 66 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 67 1 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 67 2 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 67 3 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 67 4 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 67 5 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 67 6 8.9 8.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 67 7 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 67 8 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 67 9 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 67 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 67 11 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 67 12 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 67 13 PC21A pc21a JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 67 14 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 67 15 mock mock JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 67 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 67 17 MEM MEM NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 67 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 67 19 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 68 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 68 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 68 3 disease disease NN cord-272728-inndwa61 68 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 68 5 fecal fecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 68 6 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 68 7 shedding shed VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 68 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 68 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 68 10 gross gross JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 68 11 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 68 12 histopathology histopathology NN cord-272728-inndwa61 68 13 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 68 14 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 68 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 68 16 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 68 17 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 68 18 paper paper NN cord-272728-inndwa61 68 19 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 69 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 69 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 69 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 69 4 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 69 5 report report NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 6 included include VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 69 7 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 69 8 limited limited JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 69 9 information information NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 10 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 69 11 understand understand VB cord-272728-inndwa61 69 12 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 69 13 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 14 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 15 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 16 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 69 17 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 69 18 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 69 19 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 69 20 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 21 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 69 22 different different JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 69 23 locations location NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 69 24 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 25 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 69 26 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 27 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 69 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 69 29 relationship relationship NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 30 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 31 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 69 32 frequency frequency NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 33 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 34 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 35 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 69 36 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 69 37 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 69 38 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 39 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 69 40 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 70 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-272728-inndwa61 70 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 70 3 more more RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 70 4 detailed detailed JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 70 5 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 70 6 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 70 7 histopathological histopathological JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 70 8 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 70 9 relevant relevant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 70 10 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 70 11 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 70 12 aims aim NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 70 13 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 70 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 70 15 current current JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 70 16 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 70 17 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 70 18 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 70 19 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 70 20 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 70 21 Results Results NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 70 22 section section NN cord-272728-inndwa61 70 23 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 71 1 Pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 71 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 71 3 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 71 4 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 71 5 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 71 6 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 71 7 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 71 8 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 71 9 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 71 10 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 71 11 point point NN cord-272728-inndwa61 71 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 71 13 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 71 14 euthanized euthanize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 71 15 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 71 16 pathologic pathologic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 71 17 examination examination NN cord-272728-inndwa61 71 18 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 71 19 post post JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 71 20 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 71 21 inoculation inoculation JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 71 22 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 71 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 71 24 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 71 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 71 26 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 71 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 71 28 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 71 29 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 71 30 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 71 31 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 71 32 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 72 1 Rectal rectal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 72 2 swabs swab NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 72 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 72 4 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 72 5 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 72 6 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 72 7 collected collect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 72 8 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 72 9 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 72 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 72 11 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 72 12 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 72 13 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 72 14 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 72 15 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 72 16 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 72 17 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 73 1 Two two CD cord-272728-inndwa61 73 2 rectal rectal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 73 3 swabs swab NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 73 4 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 73 5 suspended suspend VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 73 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 73 7 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 73 8 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 73 9 MEM mem NN cord-272728-inndwa61 73 10 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 74 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 74 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 3 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 74 4 extracted extract VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 5 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 6 200 200 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 74 7 μl μl NN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 8 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 9 centrifuged centrifuge VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 74 11 2000 2000 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 74 12 ×g ×g VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 74 13 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 14 30 30 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 74 15 min min NN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 16 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 17 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 74 18 ° ° NN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 19 C c NN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 74 21 fecal fecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 74 22 suspensions suspension NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 74 23 using use VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 74 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 74 25 Mag Mag NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 26 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 74 27 MAX MAX NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 28 Viral Viral NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 30 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 31 Kit kit NN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 74 33 Applied Applied NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 34 Biosystems Biosystems NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 35 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 74 36 Foster Foster NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 37 City City NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 38 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 74 39 CA CA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 40 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 74 41 USA USA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 74 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 74 43 according accord VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 74 44 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 45 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 74 46 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-272728-inndwa61 74 47 's 's POS cord-272728-inndwa61 74 48 instructions instruction NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 74 49 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 75 1 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 75 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 75 3 titers titer NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 75 4 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 75 5 rectal rectal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 75 6 swabs swab NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 75 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 75 8 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 75 9 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 75 10 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 75 11 determined determine VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 75 12 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 75 13 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 75 14 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 75 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 75 16 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 75 17 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 75 18 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 75 19 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 75 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 75 21 2014 2014 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 75 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 75 23 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 76 1 There there EX cord-272728-inndwa61 76 2 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 76 3 increases increase NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 76 4 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 5 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 6 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 8 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 76 11 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 12 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 13 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 15 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 76 16 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 76 17 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 19 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 20 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 76 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 22 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 23 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 76 24 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 25 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 26 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 76 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 28 10-day 10-day CD cord-272728-inndwa61 76 29 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 76 30 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 32 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 33 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 34 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 76 35 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 76 36 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 37 mRNA mrna NN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 38 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 76 39 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 40 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 41 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 42 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 76 43 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 76 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 45 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 46 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 76 47 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 48 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 76 49 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 50 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 76 51 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 76 53 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 54 IPEC IPEC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 76 55 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 76 56 J2 j2 NN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 57 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 76 58 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 59 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 76 60 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 77 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 77 2 Lin Lin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 77 3 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 77 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 77 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 77 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 77 7 2017 2017 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 77 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 77 9 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 78 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-272728-inndwa61 78 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 78 3 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 4 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 78 6 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 78 8 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 78 10 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 78 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 78 12 which which WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 78 13 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 14 known know VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 15 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 78 16 play play VB cord-272728-inndwa61 78 17 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 78 18 role role NN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 19 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 21 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 22 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 78 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 78 24 Gimeno Gimeno NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 25 Brias Brias NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 26 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 27 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 28 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 29 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 78 30 2016 2016 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 78 31 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 78 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 78 33 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 78 34 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 35 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 36 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 78 38 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 78 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 78 40 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 41 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 78 42 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 78 43 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 78 45 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 78 46 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 78 47 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 48 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 49 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 50 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 78 51 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 78 52 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 78 53 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 78 54 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 55 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 56 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 78 57 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 78 58 confirm confirm VB cord-272728-inndwa61 78 59 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 78 60 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 61 findings finding NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 78 62 as as RB cord-272728-inndwa61 78 63 well well RB cord-272728-inndwa61 78 64 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 65 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 78 66 investigate investigate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 78 67 whether whether IN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 68 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 69 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 78 70 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 78 71 induces induce VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 72 systemic systemic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 73 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 74 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 78 75 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 76 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 77 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 78 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 78 79 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 78 80 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 79 1 Serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 2 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 79 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 79 4 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 79 6 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 79 8 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 79 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 79 11 TNFα tnfα NN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 12 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 13 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 79 14 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 79 15 quantitated quantitate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 16 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 17 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 18 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 79 20 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 21 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 79 22 collected collect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 23 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 24 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 25 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 79 26 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 79 27 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 79 28 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 79 29 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 30 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 31 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 79 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 79 33 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 34 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 79 35 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 79 36 Azevedo Azevedo NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 37 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 38 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 39 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 79 40 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 79 41 2006 2006 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 79 42 ; ; . cord-272728-inndwa61 80 1 Chattha Chattha NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 80 2 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 80 3 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 80 4 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 80 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 80 6 2013 2013 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 80 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 80 8 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 81 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 81 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 3 Nunc Nunc NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 4 Maxisorp Maxisorp NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 5 96-well 96-well CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 6 plates plate NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 81 7 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 8 coated coat VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 9 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 10 anti anti JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 11 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 12 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 13 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 15 0.75 0.75 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 16 μg μg NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 17 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 81 18 ml ml NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 20 goat goat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 21 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 22 antibody antibody NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 25 anti anti JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 26 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 27 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 28 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 30 0.75 0.75 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 31 μg μg NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 32 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 81 33 ml ml NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 34 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 35 goat goat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 36 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 37 antibody antibody NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 40 antiporcine antiporcine NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 41 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 43 2.5 2.5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 44 μg μg NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 81 45 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 81 46 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 47 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 48 clone clone VB cord-272728-inndwa61 81 49 K9 K9 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 52 R&D r&d NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 53 systems system NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 81 54 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 55 Minneapolis Minneapolis NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 56 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 57 MN MN NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 59 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 60 anti anti JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 61 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 62 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 63 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 65 2.0 2.0 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 66 μg μg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 67 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 81 68 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 69 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 70 rabbit rabbit NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 71 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 72 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 74 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 75 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 81 76 antiporcine antiporcine NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 77 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 78 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 79 1.5 1.5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 80 μg μg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 81 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 81 82 ml ml XX cord-272728-inndwa61 81 83 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 84 goat goat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 85 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 81 86 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 87 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 88 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 89 Kingfisher Kingfisher NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 90 biotech biotech NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 91 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 92 Saint Saint NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 93 Paul Paul NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 94 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 81 95 MN MN NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 97 overnight overnight RB cord-272728-inndwa61 81 98 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 99 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 100 ° ° NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 101 C c NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 102 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 81 103 37 37 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 81 104 ° ° NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 105 C c NN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 106 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 107 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 81 108 IFN IFN NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 109 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 81 110 α α NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 81 111 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 81 112 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 81 113 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 82 1 Biotinylated Biotinylated NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 2 anti anti JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 3 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 4 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 5 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 82 7 0.1 0.1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 82 8 μg μg NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 9 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 82 10 ml ml XX cord-272728-inndwa61 82 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 82 12 goat goat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 82 13 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 14 antibody antibody NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 82 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 82 17 antiporcine antiporcine NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 18 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 82 20 0.2 0.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 82 21 μg μg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 82 22 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 82 23 ml ml XX cord-272728-inndwa61 82 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 82 25 goat goat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 82 26 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 27 antibody antibody NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 82 29 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 82 30 anti anti JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 31 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 32 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 82 33 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 82 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 82 35 3.75 3.75 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 82 36 μg μg NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 37 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 82 38 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 82 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 82 40 clone clone NN cord-272728-inndwa61 82 41 F17 F17 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 82 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 83 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 83 2 R&D r&d NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 3 systems system NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 83 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 83 5 Minneapolis Minneapolis NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 83 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 83 7 MN MN NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 83 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 83 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 83 10 anti anti JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 11 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 12 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 13 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 83 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 83 15 0.5 0.5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 83 16 μg μg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 17 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 83 18 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 83 20 rabbit rabbit NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 21 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 22 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 83 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 83 25 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 83 26 anti anti JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 27 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 28 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 29 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 83 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 83 31 0.4 0.4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 83 32 μg μg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 33 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 83 34 ml ml XX cord-272728-inndwa61 83 35 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 83 36 goat goat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 37 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 83 38 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 83 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 84 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 84 2 Kingfisher Kingfisher NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 84 3 biotech biotech NN cord-272728-inndwa61 84 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 84 5 Saint Saint NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 84 6 Paul Paul NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 84 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 84 8 MN MN NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 84 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 84 10 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 84 11 used use VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 84 12 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 84 13 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 84 14 antibodies antibody NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 84 15 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 85 1 Porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 85 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 85 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 85 4 α α NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 85 5 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 85 6 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 85 7 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 85 8 biotinylated biotinylate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 85 9 using use VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 85 10 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 85 11 commercial commercial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 85 12 kit kit NN cord-272728-inndwa61 85 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 85 14 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 85 15 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 85 16 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 85 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 85 18 Chattha Chattha NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 85 19 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 85 20 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 85 21 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 85 22 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 85 23 2013 2013 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 85 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 85 25 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 86 1 Plates plate NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 86 2 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 86 3 developed develop VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 86 4 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 86 5 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 86 6 concentrations concentration NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 86 7 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 86 8 calculated calculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 86 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 86 10 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 86 11 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 86 12 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 86 13 Azevedo Azevedo NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 86 14 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 86 15 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 86 16 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 86 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 86 18 2006 2006 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 86 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 86 20 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 87 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 87 2 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 87 3 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 87 4 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 87 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 87 6 duplicate duplicate NN cord-272728-inndwa61 87 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 87 8 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 87 9 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 87 10 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 87 11 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 87 12 expressed express VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 87 13 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 87 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 87 15 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 87 16 values value NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 87 17 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 88 1 Detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 2 limits limit NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 88 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 88 5 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 88 6 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 88 7 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 88 8 pg pg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 9 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 88 10 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 11 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 12 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 88 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 88 14 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 88 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 88 16 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 88 17 pg pg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 18 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 88 19 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 20 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 21 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 88 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 88 23 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 88 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 88 25 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 88 26 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 88 27 pg pg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 28 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 88 29 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 30 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 88 31 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 88 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 88 33 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 88 34 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 89 1 Small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 89 2 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 89 3 tissues tissue NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 89 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 89 5 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 89 7 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 89 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 89 9 distant distant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 89 10 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 11 15 15 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 89 12 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 89 13 20 20 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 89 14 cm cm NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 89 15 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 89 17 pylorus pylorus NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 89 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 89 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 89 20 middle middle JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 89 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 89 22 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 23 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 24 location location NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 25 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 26 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 89 27 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 89 28 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 89 30 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 31 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 32 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 89 34 dissociated dissociate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 35 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 36 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 89 37 mesentery mesentery NN cord-272728-inndwa61 89 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 89 39 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 89 40 distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 89 41 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 90 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 90 2 distant distant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 90 3 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 90 4 15 15 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 90 5 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 90 6 20 20 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 90 7 cm cm NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 90 8 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 90 9 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 90 10 ileocecal ileocecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 90 11 junction junction NN cord-272728-inndwa61 90 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 90 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 90 14 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 90 15 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 90 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 90 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 90 18 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 90 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 90 20 cecum cecum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 90 21 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 90 22 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 90 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 90 24 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 90 25 tissues tissue NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 90 26 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 90 27 examined examine VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 90 28 grossly grossly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 90 29 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 90 30 histologically histologically RB cord-272728-inndwa61 90 31 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 91 1 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 91 2 results result VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 91 3 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 4 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 91 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 91 6 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 7 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 8 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 91 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 91 10 cecum cecum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 11 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 91 12 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 13 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 91 15 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 91 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 91 17 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 91 18 reported report VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 19 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 20 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 91 21 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 91 22 paper paper NN cord-272728-inndwa61 91 23 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 92 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-272728-inndwa61 92 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 3 duodenal duodenal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 5 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 6 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 7 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 9 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 10 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 11 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 92 12 colonic colonic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 13 tissues tissue NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 92 14 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 15 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 16 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 92 17 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 18 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 92 19 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 92 20 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 92 21 conducted conduct VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 22 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 92 23 re re VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 24 - - VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 25 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 26 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 27 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 29 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 30 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 31 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 92 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 92 33 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 34 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 35 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 36 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 37 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 38 2007 2007 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 92 39 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 92 40 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 41 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 42 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 43 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 44 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 45 2014 2014 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 92 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 92 47 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 48 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 49 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 92 50 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 51 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 52 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 53 antigen antigen NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 92 55 using use VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 92 56 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 57 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 58 6C8 6c8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 92 59 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 92 60 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 92 61 specific specific JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 92 62 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 63 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 64 provided provide VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 65 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 66 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 67 Daesub Daesub NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 68 Song Song NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 69 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 70 Korean Korean NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 71 Research Research NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 72 Institute Institute NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 73 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 92 74 Bioscience Bioscience NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 75 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 92 76 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 77 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 92 78 Korea Korea NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 92 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 93 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 93 2 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 93 3 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 93 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 93 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 93 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 93 7 2014 2014 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 93 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 93 9 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 94 1 For for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 2 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 94 3 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 94 4 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 94 5 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 94 6 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 94 7 euthanized euthanize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 8 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 9 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 94 10 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 94 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 94 12 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 94 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 94 14 distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 94 15 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 94 16 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 94 17 additionally additionally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 94 18 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 19 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 20 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 94 21 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 94 23 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 24 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 25 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 94 26 antigen antigen NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 94 27 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 94 28 clarify clarify VB cord-272728-inndwa61 94 29 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 94 30 tissue tissue NN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 31 tropism tropism NN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 32 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 33 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 94 34 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 35 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 36 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 94 37 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 94 38 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 39 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 40 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 94 41 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 95 1 Duodenal duodenal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 95 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 95 3 midjejunal midjejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 95 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 95 5 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 95 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 95 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 95 8 colonic colonic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 95 9 tissues tissue NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 95 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 95 11 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 95 12 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 95 13 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 95 14 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 95 15 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 95 16 conducted conduct VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 95 17 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 95 18 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 95 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 95 20 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 95 21 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 95 22 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 95 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 95 24 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 95 25 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 95 26 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 95 27 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 95 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 95 29 2007 2007 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 95 30 ; ; . cord-272728-inndwa61 96 1 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 2 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 3 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 4 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 96 6 2014 2014 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 96 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 96 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 96 9 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 96 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 96 11 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 96 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 96 13 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 96 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 96 15 using use VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 96 16 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 96 17 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 96 18 5HT 5HT NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 19 - - : cord-272728-inndwa61 96 20 H209 H209 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 21 against against IN cord-272728-inndwa61 96 22 human human JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 96 23 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 96 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 96 25 Novus Novus NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 26 Biologicals Biologicals NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 96 28 Littleton Littleton NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 29 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 96 30 CO CO NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 31 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 96 32 USA USA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 96 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 96 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 96 35 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 97 1 Monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 97 2 antibodies antibody NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 98 1 6C8 6c8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 98 2 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 98 3 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 98 4 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 98 5 5HT 5HT NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 98 6 - - : cord-272728-inndwa61 98 7 H209 H209 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 98 8 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 98 9 diluted dilute VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 98 10 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 98 11 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 98 12 200 200 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 98 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 98 14 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 98 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 98 16 50 50 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 98 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 98 18 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 98 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 98 20 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 98 21 phosphate phosphate NN cord-272728-inndwa61 98 22 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 98 23 buffered buffer VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 98 24 saline saline NN cord-272728-inndwa61 98 25 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 99 1 Mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 99 2 ratios ratio NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 99 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 4 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 99 5 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 99 6 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 99 7 villous villous NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 99 8 height height NN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 9 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 10 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 11 depth depth NN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 99 13 VH VH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 99 14 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 99 15 CD CD NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 99 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 99 17 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 99 18 calculated calculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 19 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 20 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 99 21 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 99 22 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 99 23 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 24 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 99 25 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 99 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 100 1 Only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 100 2 well well RB cord-272728-inndwa61 100 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 100 4 orientated orientate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 100 6 hematoxylin hematoxylin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 100 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 100 8 eosin eosin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 100 10 stained stain VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 11 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 100 12 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 100 13 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 100 14 sections section NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 100 15 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 100 16 measured measure VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 100 18 care care NN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 19 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 100 20 taken take VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 21 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 100 22 ensure ensure VB cord-272728-inndwa61 100 23 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 24 only only JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 100 25 transverse transverse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 100 26 sections section NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 100 27 cut cut VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 28 perpendicularly perpendicularly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 100 29 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 30 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 100 31 villus villus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 32 tip tip NN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 33 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 34 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 100 35 muscularis muscularis NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 100 36 mucosa mucosa NN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 37 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 100 38 included include VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 100 39 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 101 1 Villous Villous NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 101 2 height height NN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 101 4 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 5 depth depth NN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 6 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 101 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 8 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 9 measuring measure VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 101 10 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 101 11 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 101 12 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 101 13 villi villus NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 101 14 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 101 15 crypts crypt NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 101 16 throughout throughout IN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 17 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 101 18 section section NN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 19 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 20 each each DT cord-272728-inndwa61 101 21 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 101 22 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 101 23 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 102 1 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 102 2 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 102 4 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 102 5 scores score NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 102 6 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 102 7 computed compute VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 8 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 9 estimating estimate VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 102 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 102 11 number number NN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 13 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 102 14 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 102 15 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 102 16 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 102 17 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 102 19 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 102 20 section section NN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 102 22 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 23 described describe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 24 previously previously RB cord-272728-inndwa61 102 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 102 26 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 102 27 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 102 28 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 102 29 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 102 30 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 102 31 2014 2014 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 102 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 102 33 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 102 34 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 102 35 follows follow VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 102 36 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 103 1 + + CC cord-272728-inndwa61 104 1 /− /− . cord-272728-inndwa61 104 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 3 few few JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 4 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 104 5 clearly clearly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 104 6 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 104 9 < < XX cord-272728-inndwa61 104 10 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 11 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 104 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 104 13 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 14 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 15 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 104 16 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 17 staining stain VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 104 18 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 104 19 + + CC cord-272728-inndwa61 104 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 21 low low JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 104 24 1%-29 1%-29 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 25 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 104 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 104 27 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 28 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 29 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 104 30 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 31 staining stain VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 104 32 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 104 33 + + SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 104 34 + + CC cord-272728-inndwa61 104 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 36 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 38 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 104 39 30%-59 30%-59 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 40 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 104 41 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 104 42 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 43 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 44 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 104 45 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 46 staining stain VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 104 47 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 104 48 + + SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 104 49 + + CC cord-272728-inndwa61 104 50 + + CC cord-272728-inndwa61 104 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 52 high high JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 54 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 104 55 60%-100 60%-100 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 56 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 104 57 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 58 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 104 59 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 104 60 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 61 staining stain VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 104 62 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 104 63 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 104 64 -(negative -(negative VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 104 66 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 104 67 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 104 68 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 104 69 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 104 70 staining stain VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 104 71 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 105 1 Mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 105 2 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 105 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 4 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 105 6 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 105 7 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 105 8 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 105 9 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 105 10 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 11 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 12 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 105 13 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 14 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 105 15 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 16 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 105 17 magnification magnification NN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 18 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 19 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 105 20 Leitz Leitz NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 105 21 light light JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 105 22 microscope microscope NN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 105 24 where where WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 105 25 approximately approximately RB cord-272728-inndwa61 105 26 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 105 27 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 105 28 18 18 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 105 29 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 105 30 crypts crypt NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 105 31 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 105 32 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 105 33 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 105 34 7 7 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 105 35 entire entire NN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 36 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 105 37 lower low JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 105 38 half half NN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 39 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 40 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 41 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 105 42 included include VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 105 43 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 106 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 106 2 variable variable JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 106 3 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 106 4 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 106 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 106 6 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 106 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 106 8 location location NN cord-272728-inndwa61 106 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 106 10 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 106 11 tissues tissue NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 106 12 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 107 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 107 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 107 4 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 5 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 107 6 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 7 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 107 8 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 107 9 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 107 10 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 107 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 107 12 unlike unlike IN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 13 mock mock NN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 14 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 107 15 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 107 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 107 18 entire entire JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 107 19 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 107 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 107 21 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 107 22 villi villus NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 107 23 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 107 24 infrequently infrequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 107 25 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 26 even even RB cord-272728-inndwa61 107 27 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 28 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 107 29 magnification magnification NN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 30 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 107 31 because because IN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 32 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 107 33 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 34 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 107 35 severely severely RB cord-272728-inndwa61 107 36 atrophied atrophy VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 107 37 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 108 1 Only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 108 2 single single JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 108 3 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 4 layer layer NN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 108 6 included include VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 7 areas area NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 108 8 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 9 well well RB cord-272728-inndwa61 108 10 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 108 11 orientated orientate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 12 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 108 13 tissue tissue NN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 14 sections section NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 108 15 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 108 16 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 17 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 108 18 count count VB cord-272728-inndwa61 108 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 108 20 number number NN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 21 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 22 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 108 23 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 108 24 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 108 25 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 108 26 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 108 27 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 109 1 Mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 109 2 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 109 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 4 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 109 6 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 109 7 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 109 8 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 109 9 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 109 10 estimated estimate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 11 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 12 measuring measure VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 109 13 at at RB cord-272728-inndwa61 109 14 least least JJS cord-272728-inndwa61 109 15 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 109 16 different different JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 109 17 tissue tissue NN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 18 areas area NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 109 19 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 20 each each DT cord-272728-inndwa61 109 21 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 109 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 109 23 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 24 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 109 25 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 109 26 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 27 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 109 28 mock mock JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 109 29 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 109 30 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 109 31 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 109 32 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 110 1 All all DT cord-272728-inndwa61 110 2 values value NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 110 3 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 110 4 expressed express VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 110 5 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 110 6 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 110 7 means means NN cord-272728-inndwa61 110 8 ± ± NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 110 9 standard standard JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 110 10 deviation deviation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 110 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 110 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 110 13 means mean NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 110 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 110 15 SDM SDM NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 110 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 110 17 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 111 1 Mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 111 2 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 111 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 4 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 111 6 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 111 7 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 8 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 111 9 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 10 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 111 11 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 13 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 14 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 111 15 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 16 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 17 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 111 18 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 111 19 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 111 21 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 111 22 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 23 between between IN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 24 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 25 - - : cord-272728-inndwa61 111 26 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 111 27 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 111 28 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 111 29 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 30 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 111 31 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 32 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 111 33 same same JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 111 34 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 35 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 111 36 points point NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 111 37 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 111 38 analyzed analyze VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 39 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 111 40 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 41 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 42 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 111 43 Student Student NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 44 's 's POS cord-272728-inndwa61 111 45 t t NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 46 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 111 47 test test NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 48 using use VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 111 49 GraphPad GraphPad NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 50 Prism Prism NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 51 software software NN cord-272728-inndwa61 111 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 111 53 GraphPad GraphPad NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 54 Prism Prism NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 55 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 111 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 111 57 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 112 1 A a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 112 2 value value NN cord-272728-inndwa61 112 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 112 4 P p NN cord-272728-inndwa61 112 5 < < XX cord-272728-inndwa61 112 6 .05 .05 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 112 7 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 112 8 considered consider VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 112 9 statistically statistically RB cord-272728-inndwa61 112 10 significant significant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 112 11 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 113 1 3.1 3.1 LS cord-272728-inndwa61 113 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 114 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 114 2 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 114 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 114 4 histologic histologic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 114 5 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 114 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 114 7 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 114 8 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 114 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 114 10 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 114 11 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 114 12 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 114 13 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 114 14 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 114 15 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 114 16 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 114 17 Watery watery JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 114 18 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 114 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 114 20 9/9 9/9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 114 21 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 114 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 114 23 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 114 24 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 114 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 114 26 7/9 7/9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 114 27 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 114 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 115 1 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 115 2 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 115 3 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 115 4 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 115 5 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 115 6 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 115 7 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 115 8 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 115 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 115 10 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 115 11 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 115 12 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 116 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 2 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 116 3 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 116 4 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 116 5 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 116 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 116 7 however however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 116 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 116 9 all all PDT cord-272728-inndwa61 116 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 116 11 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 12 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 116 13 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 116 14 watery watery JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 116 15 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 116 17 lethargy lethargy NN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 18 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 116 19 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 116 20 dehydration dehydration NN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 116 22 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 116 23 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 116 24 all all DT cord-272728-inndwa61 116 25 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 116 26 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 116 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 116 28 whereas whereas IN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 29 none none NN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 30 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 31 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 116 32 mock mock NN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 33 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 116 34 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 116 35 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 116 36 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 116 37 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 116 38 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 116 39 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 117 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 117 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 117 4 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 5 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 117 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 117 7 histologic histologic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 117 8 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 117 9 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 117 10 limited limit VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 11 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 117 13 jejunum jejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 14 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 117 15 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 117 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 117 18 included include VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 117 19 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 117 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 117 21 severe severe JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 117 22 atrophic atrophic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 117 23 enteritis enteritis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 24 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 117 25 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 117 26 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 117 27 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 117 28 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 117 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 118 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 118 2 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 118 3 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 118 4 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 118 5 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 118 6 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 118 7 atrophy atrophy NN cord-272728-inndwa61 118 8 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 118 9 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 118 10 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 118 11 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 118 12 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 118 13 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 119 1 No no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 119 2 histologic histologic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 119 3 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 119 4 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 119 5 evident evident JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 119 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 119 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 119 8 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 119 9 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 119 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 119 11 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 119 12 organs organ NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 119 13 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 119 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 119 15 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 119 16 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 119 17 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 119 18 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 119 19 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 119 20 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 119 21 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 120 1 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 120 2 antigens antigen NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 120 3 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 120 4 mostly mostly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 120 5 found find VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 120 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 120 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 120 8 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 120 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 120 10 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 120 11 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 121 1 Of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 2 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 121 3 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 121 4 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 121 5 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 6 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 121 7 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 8 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 121 9 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 121 10 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 121 11 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 121 12 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 121 13 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 121 14 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 121 15 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 121 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 17 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 121 18 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 19 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 121 20 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 121 21 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 121 22 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 23 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 121 24 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 25 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 26 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 121 27 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 121 28 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 29 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 121 30 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 121 31 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 121 32 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 121 33 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 34 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 121 35 low low JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 121 36 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 121 37 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 38 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 121 39 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 40 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 121 41 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 121 42 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 121 43 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 44 all all DT cord-272728-inndwa61 121 45 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 121 46 segments segment NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 121 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 121 48 duodenum duodenum VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 121 49 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 50 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 121 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 121 52 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 122 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 2 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 122 3 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 122 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 122 5 all all DT cord-272728-inndwa61 122 6 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 122 7 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 122 8 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 122 9 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 122 11 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 122 12 high high JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 122 13 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 122 14 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 15 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 122 16 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 17 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 122 18 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 122 19 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 122 20 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 21 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 122 22 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 23 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 24 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 122 25 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 122 26 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 27 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 122 28 few few JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 122 29 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 30 low low JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 122 31 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 122 32 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 33 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 122 34 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 122 35 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 36 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 122 37 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 122 38 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 123 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 123 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 123 3 there there EX cord-272728-inndwa61 123 4 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 123 5 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 123 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 123 7 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 123 8 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 123 9 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 123 10 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 123 11 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 123 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 123 13 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 123 14 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 124 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 2 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 124 3 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 124 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 124 5 all all DT cord-272728-inndwa61 124 6 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 124 7 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 124 8 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 124 9 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 124 11 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 12 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 124 13 high high JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 124 14 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 124 15 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 16 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 124 17 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 18 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 124 19 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 124 20 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 124 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 124 23 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 24 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 25 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 124 26 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 124 27 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 124 28 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 124 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 125 1 No no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 125 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 125 3 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 125 4 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 125 5 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 125 6 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 125 7 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 125 8 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 125 9 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 125 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 125 11 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 125 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 125 13 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 125 14 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 125 15 control control NN cord-272728-inndwa61 125 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 125 17 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 126 1 3.3 3.3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 126 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 127 1 Identification identification NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 127 3 characterization characterization NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 127 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 127 6 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 8 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 127 10 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 127 11 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 12 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 127 13 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 14 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 127 16 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 17 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 18 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 127 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 127 20 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 127 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 127 23 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 24 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 25 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 127 26 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 127 27 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 127 28 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 127 29 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 30 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 127 31 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 127 32 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 127 33 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 127 34 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 127 35 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 127 36 mock mock JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 128 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 2 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 128 4 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 5 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 6 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 128 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 128 8 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 128 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 128 11 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 13 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 128 14 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 128 15 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 16 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 17 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 128 18 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 19 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 128 20 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 128 21 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 128 22 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 128 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 128 24 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 128 25 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 128 26 14 14 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 128 27 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 128 28 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 29 age age NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 128 31 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 128 32 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 33 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 128 34 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 128 35 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 128 36 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 128 37 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 128 38 found find VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 39 mainly mainly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 128 40 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 128 41 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 128 42 crypts crypt NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 129 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 129 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 129 3 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 129 4 1A 1a CD cord-272728-inndwa61 129 5 -E -e ADD cord-272728-inndwa61 129 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 130 1 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 130 2 occasionally occasionally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 130 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 130 4 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 130 6 lamina lamina JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 130 7 propria propria NN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 8 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 130 9 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 11 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 130 12 lower low JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 130 13 half half NN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 14 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 15 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 130 16 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 130 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 130 19 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 130 20 1B 1b LS cord-272728-inndwa61 130 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 130 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 130 23 except except IN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 24 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 25 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 26 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 130 27 where where WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 130 28 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 130 29 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 130 30 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 130 31 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 32 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 33 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 130 34 entire entire JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 130 35 colonic colonic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 130 36 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 130 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 130 38 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 131 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 2 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 131 3 crypts crypt NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 131 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 131 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 131 6 majority majority NN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 8 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 131 10 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 131 11 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 131 12 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 131 13 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 131 14 triangular triangular JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 131 15 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 131 16 shaped shaped JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 131 17 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 131 18 round round JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 131 19 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 131 20 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 21 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 131 22 without without IN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 23 apical apical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 131 24 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 131 25 extensions extension NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 131 26 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 131 27 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 131 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 131 29 that that DT cord-272728-inndwa61 131 30 project project NN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 31 into into IN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 32 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 131 33 lumen lumen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 131 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 131 35 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 131 36 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 131 37 1B 1B NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 131 38 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 131 39 C C NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 131 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 131 41 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 132 1 Occasionally occasionally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 132 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 132 3 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 132 4 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 132 5 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 132 6 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 132 7 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 132 8 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 132 9 closely closely RB cord-272728-inndwa61 132 10 associated associate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 132 11 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 132 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 132 13 basement basement NN cord-272728-inndwa61 132 14 membrane membrane NN cord-272728-inndwa61 132 15 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 132 16 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 132 17 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 132 18 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 133 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 133 2 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 133 3 spindle spindle NN cord-272728-inndwa61 133 4 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 133 5 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 133 6 extensions extension NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 133 7 surrounding surround VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 133 8 mucus mucus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 133 9 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 133 10 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 133 11 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 133 12 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 134 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 2 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 134 3 lamina lamina JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 134 4 propria propria NN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 5 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 134 6 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 8 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 134 10 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 11 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 134 12 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 134 13 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 134 14 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 134 15 mostly mostly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 134 16 appeared appear VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 134 17 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 134 18 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 134 19 round round JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 134 20 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 134 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 134 22 whereas whereas IN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 23 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 134 24 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 25 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 134 26 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 134 27 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 134 28 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 134 29 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 30 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 31 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 134 32 submucosa submucosa NN cord-272728-inndwa61 134 33 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 135 1 On on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 2 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 135 3 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 135 4 hand hand NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 135 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 135 8 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 135 10 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 11 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 12 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 135 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 135 14 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 135 16 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 135 17 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 18 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 19 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 135 20 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 135 21 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 22 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 23 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 135 24 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 25 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 135 26 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 135 27 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 135 28 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 135 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 135 30 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 135 31 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 135 32 14 14 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 135 33 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 135 34 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 35 age age NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 135 37 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 135 38 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 135 39 morphology morphology NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 40 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 135 41 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 135 42 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 43 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 44 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 45 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 135 46 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 135 47 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 135 48 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 135 49 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 135 50 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 135 51 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 52 those those DT cord-272728-inndwa61 135 53 found find VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 54 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 55 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 135 56 mock mock NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 57 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 135 58 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 59 control control NN cord-272728-inndwa61 135 60 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 135 61 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 136 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 136 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 136 3 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 136 4 few few JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 136 5 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 136 6 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 136 7 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 136 8 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 136 9 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 136 10 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 136 11 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 136 12 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 136 13 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 136 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 136 15 entire entire JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 136 16 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 136 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 136 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 136 19 atrophied atrophy VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 136 20 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 136 21 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 136 22 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 136 23 villi villus NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 136 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 136 25 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 136 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 136 27 1F 1F NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 136 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 136 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 137 1 3.4 3.4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 137 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 138 1 Serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 2 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 138 3 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 4 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 5 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 138 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 7 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 9 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 10 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 11 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 13 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 14 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 15 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 138 16 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 18 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 19 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 20 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 138 21 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 22 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 23 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 138 24 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 138 25 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 138 26 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 27 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 28 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 138 29 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 138 30 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 31 disease disease NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 32 progression progression NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 33 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 34 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 35 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 138 36 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 138 37 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 38 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 138 39 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 40 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 41 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 42 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 138 43 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 44 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 138 45 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 46 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 47 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 138 48 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 49 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 50 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 138 51 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 52 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 53 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 138 54 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 55 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 56 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 138 58 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 138 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 138 60 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 138 61 significantly significantly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 138 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 138 63 P p NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 64 < < XX cord-272728-inndwa61 138 65 .05 .05 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 138 67 reduced reduce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 68 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 69 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 138 70 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 71 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 72 midjejunum midjejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 73 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 74 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 75 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 76 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 138 77 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 78 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 79 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 80 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 81 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 138 82 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 83 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 138 84 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 138 85 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 138 86 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 87 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 138 88 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 138 89 Fig fig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 138 90 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 138 91 1B 1B NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 92 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 93 D D NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 94 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 95 E E NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 96 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 138 97 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 138 98 F F NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 138 99 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 138 100 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 139 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 2 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 139 3 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 139 4 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 139 5 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 6 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 139 7 ceased cease VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 139 9 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 139 10 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 139 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 12 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 139 14 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 139 15 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 139 16 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 139 17 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 18 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 139 19 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 139 21 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 139 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 139 23 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 139 24 significantly significantly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 139 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 139 26 P p NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 27 < < XX cord-272728-inndwa61 139 28 .05 .05 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 139 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 139 30 increased increase VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 139 31 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 32 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 33 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 139 34 reduced reduce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 35 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 36 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 37 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 38 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 139 39 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 139 40 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 139 41 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 42 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 139 43 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 139 44 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 45 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 46 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 139 47 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 139 48 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 139 49 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 139 50 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 139 51 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 139 52 they -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 139 53 did do VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 139 54 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 139 55 differ differ VB cord-272728-inndwa61 139 56 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 57 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 58 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 59 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 139 60 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 139 61 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 139 63 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 139 64 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 139 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 139 66 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 140 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 2 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 140 3 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 140 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 140 5 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 140 6 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 140 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 8 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 140 10 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 140 11 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 140 12 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 140 13 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 14 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 140 15 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 140 17 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 140 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 140 19 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 20 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 140 22 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 23 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 24 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 140 25 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 140 26 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 140 28 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 140 29 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 30 did do VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 140 31 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 140 32 differ differ VB cord-272728-inndwa61 140 33 between between IN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 34 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 140 35 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 140 36 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 140 37 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 140 38 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 140 39 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 140 40 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 41 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 42 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 140 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 140 44 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 140 45 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 140 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 140 47 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 141 1 3.5 3.5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 141 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 142 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 2 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 142 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 142 4 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 142 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 142 6 titers titer NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 142 7 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 8 fecal fecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 142 10 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 11 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 142 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 13 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 14 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 15 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 142 16 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 17 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 142 18 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 142 19 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 142 20 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 21 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 142 22 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 23 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 142 24 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 25 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 26 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 27 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 28 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 142 30 prior prior RB cord-272728-inndwa61 142 31 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 142 32 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 142 33 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 142 34 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 142 35 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 142 36 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 142 37 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 38 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 39 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 142 40 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 41 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 142 42 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 142 43 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 142 44 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 142 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 143 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 143 2 significantly significantly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 143 3 reduced reduce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 4 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 143 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 6 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 143 8 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 9 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 143 10 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 143 11 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 143 13 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 14 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 143 15 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 16 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 143 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 18 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 143 19 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 143 20 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 21 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 22 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 143 23 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 24 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 143 25 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 143 26 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 143 27 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 28 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 29 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 143 30 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 31 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 32 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 143 33 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 143 34 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 143 35 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 143 36 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 143 37 result result NN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 38 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 39 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 143 40 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 41 release release NN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 42 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 43 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 44 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 45 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 143 46 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 143 47 into into IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 48 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 143 49 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 50 lamina lamina NN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 51 propria propria NN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 52 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 143 53 lumen lumen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 54 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 143 55 stimulate stimulate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 143 56 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 143 57 vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 58 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 143 59 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 143 60 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 143 61 followed follow VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 62 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 143 63 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 143 64 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 144 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 2 an an DT cord-272728-inndwa61 144 3 attempt attempt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 4 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 144 5 explore explore VB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 6 this this DT cord-272728-inndwa61 144 7 effect effect NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 144 9 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 144 10 further further JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 11 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 12 using use VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 144 13 six six CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 14 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 15 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 144 16 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 17 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 144 18 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 19 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 20 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 21 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 22 9.2 9.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 23 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 24 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 25 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 144 26 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 144 27 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 144 29 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 30 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 31 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 144 32 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 144 34 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 144 35 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 144 37 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 38 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 39 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 144 40 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 144 42 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 43 conducted conduct VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 44 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 144 45 investigate investigate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 46 alterations alteration NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 47 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 48 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 144 49 number number NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 50 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 51 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 52 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 144 53 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 54 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 144 55 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 56 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 57 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 144 58 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 59 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 144 60 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 61 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 62 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 63 an an DT cord-272728-inndwa61 144 64 earlier early JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 144 65 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 66 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 144 67 point point NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 68 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 69 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 70 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 144 71 shortly shortly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 72 after after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 73 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 74 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 75 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 76 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 77 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 144 78 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 79 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 80 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 81 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 144 82 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 83 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 84 most most JJS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 85 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 86 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 144 87 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 88 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 89 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 144 90 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 144 91 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 144 92 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 144 93 already already RB cord-272728-inndwa61 144 94 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 144 95 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 144 96 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 145 1 After after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 2 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 3 inoculation inoculation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 145 5 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 6 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 145 7 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 145 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 145 9 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 145 10 such such JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 145 11 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 12 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 13 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 145 14 monitored monitor VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 15 frequently frequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 145 16 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 145 17 determine determine VB cord-272728-inndwa61 145 18 an an DT cord-272728-inndwa61 145 19 earlier early JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 145 20 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 21 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 145 22 point point NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 23 appropriate appropriate NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 24 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 25 euthanasia euthanasia NN cord-272728-inndwa61 145 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 146 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 146 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 146 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 146 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 146 5 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 146 6 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 146 7 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 146 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 146 9 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 146 10 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 146 11 began begin VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 146 12 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 146 13 exhibit exhibit VB cord-272728-inndwa61 146 14 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 146 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 146 16 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 146 17 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 146 18 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 146 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 146 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 146 21 whereas whereas IN cord-272728-inndwa61 146 22 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 146 23 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 146 24 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 146 25 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 146 26 did do VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 146 27 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 146 28 show show VB cord-272728-inndwa61 146 29 any any DT cord-272728-inndwa61 146 30 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 146 31 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 146 32 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 147 1 Thus thus RB cord-272728-inndwa61 147 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 147 3 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 147 4 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 147 5 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 147 6 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 147 7 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 147 8 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 147 9 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 10 control control NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 11 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 147 12 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 147 13 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 147 14 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 147 15 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 147 16 euthanized euthanize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 17 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 18 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 147 19 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 147 20 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 21 virological virological JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 147 23 pathological pathological JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 24 examination examination NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 25 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 147 26 determine determine VB cord-272728-inndwa61 147 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 28 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 29 status status NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 30 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 147 31 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 147 32 understand understand VB cord-272728-inndwa61 147 33 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 147 34 relationship relationship NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 35 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 36 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 37 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 147 38 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 39 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 147 40 frequency frequency NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 41 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 42 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 43 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 147 44 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 45 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 147 46 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 147 47 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 147 48 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 147 49 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 50 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 147 51 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 147 52 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 147 53 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 148 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 148 2 results result NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 148 3 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 148 4 summarized summarize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 148 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 148 6 Table Table NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 148 7 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 148 8 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 149 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 149 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 149 3 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 149 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 149 5 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 149 6 qRT qRT NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 149 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 149 8 PCR PCR NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 149 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 149 10 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 149 11 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 149 12 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 149 13 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 149 14 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 149 15 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 149 16 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 149 17 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 149 18 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 149 19 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 149 20 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 149 21 control control NN cord-272728-inndwa61 149 22 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 149 23 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 149 24 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 149 25 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 149 26 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 149 27 detectable detectable JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 149 28 viral viral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 149 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 149 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 149 31 < < XX cord-272728-inndwa61 149 32 4.8 4.8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 150 1 log log VB cord-272728-inndwa61 150 2 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 150 3 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 150 4 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 150 5 ml ml NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 150 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 150 7 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 150 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 150 9 feces fece NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 150 10 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 151 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 151 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 151 3 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 151 4 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 5 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 151 6 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 7 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 8 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 151 9 viral viral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 151 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 151 11 titers titer NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 151 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 13 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 14 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 15 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 151 16 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 151 18 ranging range VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 151 19 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 20 8.1 8.1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 21 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 151 22 8.5 8.5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 23 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 24 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 25 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 151 26 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 151 27 ml ml NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 151 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 151 29 whereas whereas IN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 30 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 151 31 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 151 32 control control NN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 33 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 151 34 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 35 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 151 36 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 37 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 38 detectable detectable JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 151 39 viral viral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 151 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 151 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 151 42 < < NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 151 43 3.8 3.8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 151 44 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 151 45 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 152 1 GE/ ge/ CC cord-272728-inndwa61 152 2 ml ml NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 152 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 152 4 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 152 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 152 6 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 152 7 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 153 1 3.6 3.6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 153 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 154 1 Trend trend VB cord-272728-inndwa61 154 2 toward toward IN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 3 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 4 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 154 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 154 6 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 154 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 154 8 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 154 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 154 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 154 11 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 154 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 154 13 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 154 14 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 154 15 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 154 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 154 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 154 18 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 154 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 154 20 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 21 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 154 22 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 23 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 154 24 sera sera NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 154 25 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 26 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 154 27 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 154 28 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 154 29 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 154 30 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 154 31 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 154 32 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 154 33 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 34 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 154 35 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 36 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 154 37 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 154 38 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 39 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 40 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 154 41 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 1 As as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 2 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 3 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 4 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 155 5 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 6 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 155 7 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 8 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 155 9 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 10 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 11 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 12 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 14 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 155 15 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 16 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 155 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 18 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 20 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 22 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 24 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 155 25 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 26 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 155 27 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 155 29 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 30 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 31 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 155 32 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 33 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 155 34 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 35 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 36 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 155 37 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 38 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 39 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 40 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 41 45-fold 45-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 42 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 43 56-fold 56-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 44 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 45 6-fold 6-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 46 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 47 3-fold 3-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 48 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 49 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 155 50 3-fold 3-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 51 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 155 52 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 155 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 155 54 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 155 55 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 155 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 155 57 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 156 1 Since since IN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 2 there there EX cord-272728-inndwa61 156 3 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 156 4 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 156 5 standard standard JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 156 6 deviations deviation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 156 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 8 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 156 9 values value NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 156 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 11 most most JJS cord-272728-inndwa61 156 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 13 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 156 14 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 156 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 16 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 156 17 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 156 18 as as RB cord-272728-inndwa61 156 19 well well RB cord-272728-inndwa61 156 20 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 21 too too RB cord-272728-inndwa61 156 22 few few JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 156 23 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 156 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 156 25 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 26 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 156 27 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 156 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 156 29 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 30 each each DT cord-272728-inndwa61 156 31 group group NN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 156 33 statistical statistical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 156 34 analysis analysis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 35 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 156 36 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 156 37 done do VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 156 38 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 157 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 157 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 157 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 157 4 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 5 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 6 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 7 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 157 8 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 9 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 10 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 11 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 12 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 157 13 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 157 14 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 15 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 157 16 higher high JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 157 17 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 18 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 157 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 157 20 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 157 22 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 157 24 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 25 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 157 26 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 157 27 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 28 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 29 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 157 30 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 31 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 32 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 157 33 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 157 34 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 35 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 36 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 157 37 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 157 38 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 157 39 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 157 40 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 41 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 157 42 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 157 43 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 157 44 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 157 45 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 157 46 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 157 47 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 157 48 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 157 49 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 157 50 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 157 51 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 158 1 As as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 2 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 3 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 4 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 158 5 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 6 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 158 7 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 8 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 158 9 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 10 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 11 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 12 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 14 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 15 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 158 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 17 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 18 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 19 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 21 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 22 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 23 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 158 24 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 25 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 26 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 158 27 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 158 29 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 30 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 31 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 32 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 33 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 34 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 158 35 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 36 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 37 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 38 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 39 119-fold 119-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 40 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 41 123-fold 123-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 42 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 43 12fold 12fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 44 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 45 6-fold 6-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 46 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 47 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 158 48 6-fold 6-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 49 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 158 50 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 158 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 158 52 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 158 53 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 158 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 158 55 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 159 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 159 2 data datum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 159 3 clearly clearly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 159 4 indicate indicate VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 159 5 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 6 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 7 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 159 8 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 159 9 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 159 10 systemic systemic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 159 11 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 159 12 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 159 13 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 159 14 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 159 15 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 159 16 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 17 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 159 18 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 159 19 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 159 20 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 159 21 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 22 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 159 23 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 159 25 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 27 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 159 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 159 29 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 30 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 159 31 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 160 1 3.7 3.7 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 160 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 161 1 Gross gross JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 2 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 161 3 histologic histologic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 4 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 161 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 161 6 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 7 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 8 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 9 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 161 10 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 11 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 12 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 13 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 14 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 161 15 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 161 17 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 161 18 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 161 19 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 20 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 161 21 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 161 23 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 24 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 25 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 27 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 161 29 prior prior RB cord-272728-inndwa61 161 30 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 161 31 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 161 32 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 161 33 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 161 34 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 161 35 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 161 36 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 37 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 38 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 161 39 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 40 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 161 41 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 161 42 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 161 43 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 161 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 162 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 162 3 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 162 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 162 5 neither neither CC cord-272728-inndwa61 162 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 162 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 162 8 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 9 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 162 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 162 11 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 162 12 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 162 13 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 162 14 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 162 15 gross gross JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 16 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 162 17 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 162 19 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 162 21 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 22 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 162 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 162 24 whereas whereas IN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 25 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 162 26 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 162 27 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 28 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 162 29 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 30 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 162 31 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 162 32 accumulation accumulation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 33 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 34 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 35 amounts amount NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 162 36 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 37 watery watery JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 38 liquid liquid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 39 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 40 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 162 41 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 42 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 43 lumen lumen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 44 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 162 45 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 162 46 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 162 47 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 162 48 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 162 49 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 163 1 No no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 163 2 gross gross JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 163 3 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 163 4 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 163 5 evident evident JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 163 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 163 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 163 8 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 163 9 organs organ NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 163 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 163 11 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 163 12 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 163 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 163 14 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 163 15 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 163 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 163 17 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 163 18 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 163 19 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 163 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 163 21 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 163 22 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 163 23 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 163 24 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 163 25 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 163 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 164 1 Histologic Histologic NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 164 2 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 164 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 164 4 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 164 5 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 6 based base VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 7 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 8 Table Table NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 164 9 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 164 10 Mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 11 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 164 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 164 13 ± ± NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 164 14 SDM SDM NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 164 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 164 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 17 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 18 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 164 19 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 20 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 21 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 164 22 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 23 immunohistochemistry immunohistochemistry NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 24 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 25 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 164 26 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 27 layers layer NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 164 28 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 164 29 entire entire JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 30 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 164 31 lower low JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 164 32 half half NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 33 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 34 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 35 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 36 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 37 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 164 38 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 39 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 40 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 41 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 164 42 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 43 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 164 44 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 164 45 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 46 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 47 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 48 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 49 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 164 50 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 51 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 164 52 magnification magnification NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 53 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 164 54 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 55 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 56 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 57 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 164 58 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 59 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 60 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 164 61 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 62 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 63 virulent virulent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 64 US US NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 164 65 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 164 66 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 67 PC21A pc21a JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 68 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 164 69 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 164 70 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 164 71 post post JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 72 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 73 inoculation inoculation JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 164 74 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 164 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 164 76 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 164 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 164 78 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 164 79 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 164 80 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 164 81 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 164 82 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 164 83 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 164 84 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 165 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 165 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 165 4 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 5 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 165 6 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 7 PIDs PIDs NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 165 8 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 165 9 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 165 10 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 165 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 165 12 unlike unlike IN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 13 mock mock NN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 14 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 165 15 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 165 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 165 18 entire entire JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 165 19 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 165 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 165 21 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 165 22 villi villus NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 165 23 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 165 24 infrequently infrequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 165 25 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 26 even even RB cord-272728-inndwa61 165 27 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 28 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 165 29 magnification magnification NN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 30 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 165 31 because because IN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 165 33 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 34 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 165 35 severely severely RB cord-272728-inndwa61 165 36 atrophied atrophy VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 37 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 38 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 165 39 period period NN cord-272728-inndwa61 165 40 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 166 1 c c LS cord-272728-inndwa61 166 2 Bold bold JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 166 3 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 166 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 166 5 P p NN cord-272728-inndwa61 166 6 < < XX cord-272728-inndwa61 166 7 .05 .05 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 166 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 166 9 statistically statistically RB cord-272728-inndwa61 166 10 significant significant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 166 11 differences difference NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 166 12 between between IN cord-272728-inndwa61 166 13 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 166 14 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 166 15 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 166 16 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 166 17 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 166 18 mock mock JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 166 19 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 166 20 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 166 21 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 166 22 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 166 23 Student Student NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 166 24 's 's POS cord-272728-inndwa61 166 25 t t NN cord-272728-inndwa61 166 26 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 166 27 test test NN cord-272728-inndwa61 166 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 166 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 167 1 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 167 2 locations location NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 167 3 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 167 4 summarized summarize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 167 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 167 6 Table Table NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 167 7 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 167 8 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 168 1 Duodenum duodenum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 168 2 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 168 3 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 168 4 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 168 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 168 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 168 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 168 8 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 168 9 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 168 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 168 11 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 168 12 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 168 13 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 168 14 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 168 15 normal normal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 168 16 mucosa mucosa NN cord-272728-inndwa61 168 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 168 18 submucosa submucosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 168 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 168 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 168 21 serosa serosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 168 22 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 169 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 169 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 169 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 4 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 5 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 6 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 169 8 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 9 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 169 10 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 169 12 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 169 14 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 169 16 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 17 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 169 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 169 19 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 169 20 moderate moderate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 169 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 169 22 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 23 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 169 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 169 25 swelling swell VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 169 26 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 169 27 coagulative coagulative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 28 necrosis necrosis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 29 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 30 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 31 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 32 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 169 33 lining line VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 169 34 up up RP cord-272728-inndwa61 169 35 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 169 36 100 100 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 169 37 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 38 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 39 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 169 40 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 41 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 42 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 169 43 accompanied accompany VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 44 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 45 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 46 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 169 47 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 48 subepithelial subepithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 49 edema edema NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 50 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 169 51 multifocal multifocal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 52 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 169 53 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 54 exfoliation exfoliation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 55 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 56 enterocytes enterocyte NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 169 57 located locate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 58 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 59 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 169 60 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 169 61 tip tip NN cord-272728-inndwa61 169 62 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 170 1 Also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 170 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 170 3 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 4 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 5 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 170 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 170 7 multifocal multifocal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 170 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 170 9 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 170 10 suppurative suppurative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 170 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 12 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 170 13 evident evident JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 170 14 among among IN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 15 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 170 16 affected affect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 17 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 18 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 170 20 lumen lumen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 170 21 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 171 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 171 2 length length NN cord-272728-inndwa61 171 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 171 4 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 171 5 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 171 6 appeared appear VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 171 7 normal normal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 171 8 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 172 1 Distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 2 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 172 3 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 172 4 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 172 6 lipid lipid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 7 accumulation- accumulation- NN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 8 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 9 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 172 10 Design design NN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 11 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 172 12 results result NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 172 13 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 14 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 172 15 pathology pathology NN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 16 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 172 19 original original JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 20 US US NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 172 21 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 172 22 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 23 PC21A pc21a JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 24 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 25 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 26 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 27 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 172 28 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 29 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 172 30 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 172 31 post post JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 32 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 33 inoculation inoculation JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 172 34 hour hour NN cord-272728-inndwa61 173 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 173 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 173 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 173 4 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 173 5 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 173 6 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 173 7 shortly shortly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 173 8 after after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 173 9 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 173 10 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 173 11 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 173 12 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 173 13 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 174 1 Pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 174 2 no no RB cord-272728-inndwa61 174 3 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 175 1 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 2 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 3 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 4 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 175 6 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 175 8 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 9 Oral oral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 175 10 inoculum inoculum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 175 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 175 12 log log VB cord-272728-inndwa61 175 13 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 14 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 175 15 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 175 16 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 175 17 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 175 18 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 175 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 175 20 8.9 8.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 176 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 176 2 9.2 9.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 176 3 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 176 4 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 176 5 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 176 6 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 176 7 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 176 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 177 1 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 177 2 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 177 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 177 4 8.9 8.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 177 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 177 6 9.2 9.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 177 7 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 177 8 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 177 9 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 177 10 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 177 11 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 177 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 177 13 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 177 14 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 177 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 177 16 8.9 8.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 178 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 178 2 9.2 9.2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 178 3 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 178 4 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 178 5 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 178 6 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 178 7 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 178 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 1 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 2 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 179 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 179 4 mock mock JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 179 5 Mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 179 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 7 SD sd NN cord-272728-inndwa61 179 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 9 c c NN cord-272728-inndwa61 179 10 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 12 0 0 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 179 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 14 8 8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 16 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 18 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 20 0 0 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 179 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 22 142 142 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 24 72 72 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 26 18 18 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 179 28 9 9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 179 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 180 1 a a LS cord-272728-inndwa61 181 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 181 2 samples sample NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 181 3 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 181 4 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 181 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 181 6 duplicate duplicate NN cord-272728-inndwa61 181 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 181 8 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 181 9 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 181 10 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 181 11 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 181 12 expressed express VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 181 13 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 181 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 181 15 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 181 16 values value NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 181 17 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 182 1 Detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 2 limits limit NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 182 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 182 5 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 182 6 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 182 7 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 182 8 pg pg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 9 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 182 10 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 11 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 12 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 182 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 182 14 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 182 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 182 16 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 182 17 pg pg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 18 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 182 19 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 20 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 21 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 182 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 182 23 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 182 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 182 25 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 182 26 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 182 27 pg pg NN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 28 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 182 29 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 30 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 182 31 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 182 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 182 33 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 182 34 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 183 1 b b LS cord-272728-inndwa61 184 1 Bold bold JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 184 2 fonts font NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 184 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 184 4 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 184 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 184 6 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 7 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 184 8 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 9 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 10 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 11 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 184 12 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 184 13 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 184 14 higher high JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 184 15 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 16 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 184 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 184 18 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 184 19 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 184 20 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 184 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 184 22 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 184 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 184 24 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 184 25 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 184 26 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 27 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 184 28 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 29 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 30 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 184 31 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 184 32 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 33 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 184 34 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 184 35 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 184 36 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 184 37 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 184 38 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 39 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 184 40 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 184 41 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 184 42 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 184 43 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 184 44 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 184 45 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 184 46 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 184 47 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 184 48 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 184 49 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 185 1 c c NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 186 1 Since since IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 2 there there EX cord-272728-inndwa61 186 3 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 186 4 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 186 5 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 186 6 little little JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 7 standard standard JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 8 deviations deviation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 10 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 11 values value NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 13 some some DT cord-272728-inndwa61 186 14 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 16 mock mock NN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 17 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 186 18 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 19 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 186 21 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 22 standard standard JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 23 deviations deviation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 24 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 25 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 26 values value NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 27 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 28 most most JJS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 29 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 30 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 186 31 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 32 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 33 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 34 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 35 as as RB cord-272728-inndwa61 186 36 well well RB cord-272728-inndwa61 186 37 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 38 too too RB cord-272728-inndwa61 186 39 few few JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 40 animals animal NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 186 41 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 42 each each DT cord-272728-inndwa61 186 43 group group NN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 44 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 186 45 statistical statistical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 186 46 analysis analysis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 47 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 186 48 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 186 49 conducted conduct VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 186 50 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 187 1 related related JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 187 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 187 3 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 187 4 vacuolation vacuolation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 6 enterocytes enterocytes NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 187 7 lining line VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 187 8 up up RP cord-272728-inndwa61 187 9 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 187 10 100 100 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 187 11 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 13 villous villous NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 187 14 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 187 16 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 17 normal normal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 187 18 length length NN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 19 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 20 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 187 21 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 187 22 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 188 1 On on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 188 2 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 188 3 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 188 4 hand hand NN cord-272728-inndwa61 188 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 188 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 188 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 188 8 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 188 9 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 188 10 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 188 11 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 188 12 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 188 13 more more RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 188 14 progressed progress VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 188 15 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 188 16 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 188 17 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 188 18 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 188 19 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 188 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 188 21 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 188 22 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 189 1 Duodenum duodenum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 189 2 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 189 3 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 189 4 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 189 5 mostly mostly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 189 6 had have VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 189 7 normal normal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 189 8 mucosa mucosa NN cord-272728-inndwa61 189 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 189 10 submucosa submucosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 189 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 189 12 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 189 13 serosa serosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 189 14 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 189 15 however however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 189 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 189 17 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 189 18 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 189 19 multifocal multifocal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 189 20 subepithelial subepithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 189 21 edema edema NN cord-272728-inndwa61 189 22 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 189 23 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 189 24 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 189 25 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 189 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 189 27 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 189 28 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 189 29 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 189 30 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 190 1 Midjejunum Midjejunum NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 190 2 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 190 3 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 190 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 190 5 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 190 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 190 7 severe severe JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 190 8 coagulative coagulative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 190 9 necrosis necrosis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 11 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 190 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 190 13 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 190 14 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 190 15 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 190 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 190 17 affected affect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 18 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 19 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 190 20 shortened shorten VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 190 22 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 23 villous villous NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 190 24 height height NN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 25 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 190 26 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 27 depth depth NN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 190 29 VH VH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 190 30 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 190 31 CD cd NN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 190 33 ratios ratio NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 190 34 ranging range VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 190 35 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 36 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 190 37 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 38 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 190 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 190 40 vs. vs. IN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 41 6.8 6.8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 190 42 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 43 7.9 7.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 190 44 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 190 45 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 190 46 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 190 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 190 48 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 191 1 Distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 191 2 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 191 3 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 191 4 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 191 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 191 6 lipid lipid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 7 accumulationrelated accumulationrelate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 191 9 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 191 10 vacuolation vacuolation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 12 enterocytes enterocytes NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 191 13 lining line VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 191 14 up up RP cord-272728-inndwa61 191 15 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 191 16 100 100 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 191 17 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 18 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 191 20 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 191 21 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 22 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 191 23 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 24 normal normal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 191 25 length length NN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 27 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 191 28 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 191 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 192 1 Ileum Ileum NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 192 2 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 192 3 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 192 5 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 192 7 diffuse diffuse VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 192 8 swelling swelling NN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 192 10 coagulative coagulative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 11 necrosis necrosis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 13 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 14 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 15 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 192 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 192 17 accompanied accompany VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 18 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 19 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 192 21 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 22 subepithelial subepithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 23 edema edema NN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 24 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 192 25 diffuse diffuse JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 26 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 192 27 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 192 28 exfoliation exfoliation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 29 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 30 enterocytes enterocyte NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 192 31 located locate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 32 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 33 villous villous NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 192 34 tip tip NN cord-272728-inndwa61 192 35 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 193 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 193 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 193 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 193 4 length length NN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 6 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 193 7 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 8 appeared appear VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 193 9 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 193 10 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 193 11 within within IN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 193 13 normal normal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 193 14 range range NN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 193 16 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 17 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 193 18 VH VH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 193 19 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 193 20 CD cd NN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 21 ratios ratio NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 193 22 ranged range VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 193 23 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 24 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 193 25 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 26 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 193 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 193 28 vs. vs. IN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 29 5.0 5.0 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 193 30 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 193 31 5.6 5.6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 193 32 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 193 33 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 193 34 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 193 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 193 36 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 194 1 No no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 194 2 histologic histologic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 194 3 lesions lesion NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 194 4 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 194 5 evident evident JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 194 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 194 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 194 8 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 194 9 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 194 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 194 11 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 194 12 organs organ NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 194 13 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 194 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 194 15 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 194 16 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 194 17 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 194 18 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 194 19 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 194 20 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 194 21 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 194 22 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 194 23 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 194 24 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 194 25 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 194 26 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 194 27 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 194 28 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 194 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 195 1 3.8 3.8 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 195 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 196 1 Intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 2 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 4 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 196 5 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 7 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 8 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 196 10 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 11 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 196 12 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 196 13 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 196 14 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 15 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 196 16 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 17 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 196 18 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 19 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 20 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 21 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 22 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 196 24 prior prior RB cord-272728-inndwa61 196 25 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 196 26 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 196 27 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 196 28 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 196 29 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 196 30 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 196 31 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 32 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 33 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 196 34 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 35 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 196 36 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 196 37 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 196 38 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 196 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 197 1 Like like IN cord-272728-inndwa61 197 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 197 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 197 4 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 197 5 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 197 6 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 197 7 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 197 8 earlier early RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 197 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 197 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 197 11 antigens antigen NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 197 12 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 197 13 mostly mostly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 197 14 found find VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 197 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 197 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 197 17 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 197 18 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 197 19 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 197 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 197 21 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 197 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 197 23 crypt crypt JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 197 24 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 197 25 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 197 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 197 27 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 197 28 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 197 29 2A 2a CD cord-272728-inndwa61 197 30 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 197 31 F F NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 197 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 197 33 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 198 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 3 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 198 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 198 5 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 6 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 198 7 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 8 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 9 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 10 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 198 11 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 198 12 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 13 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 14 high high JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 15 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 198 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 17 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 18 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 19 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 198 20 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 21 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 198 22 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 23 up up IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 24 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 198 25 100 100 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 198 26 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 27 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 198 29 mid mid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 30 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 31 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 32 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 198 33 ileal ileal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 34 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 198 36 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 37 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 198 38 2B 2B NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 39 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 198 40 C C NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 198 42 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 198 43 low low JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 44 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 45 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 46 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 198 47 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 48 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 49 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 50 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 198 51 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 52 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 198 53 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 54 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 198 55 villus villus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 56 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 198 57 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 58 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 59 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 60 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 198 61 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 62 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 198 63 distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 64 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 198 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 198 66 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 198 67 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 198 68 2A 2a CD cord-272728-inndwa61 198 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 198 70 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 198 71 few few JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 72 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 73 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 198 74 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 75 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 198 76 villus villus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 77 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 198 78 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 79 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 80 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 81 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 198 82 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 83 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 198 84 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 198 85 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 198 86 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 198 87 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 198 88 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 89 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 198 90 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 198 91 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 199 1 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 199 2 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 199 3 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 4 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 199 5 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 6 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 199 7 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 199 8 high high JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 9 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 199 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 11 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 199 12 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 199 14 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 15 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 199 16 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 17 up up IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 18 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 199 19 100 100 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 199 20 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 21 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 199 23 mid mid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 24 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 25 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 26 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 199 28 low low JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 29 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 199 30 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 31 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 199 32 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 33 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 199 34 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 35 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 199 36 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 37 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 199 38 villus villus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 39 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 199 40 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 41 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 42 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 43 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 199 44 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 45 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 199 46 distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 47 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 199 48 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 199 49 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 50 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 199 51 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 199 52 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 199 53 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 199 54 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 199 55 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 56 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 199 57 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 58 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 199 59 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 199 60 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 200 1 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 2 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 200 3 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 4 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 5 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 6 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 200 7 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 200 8 high high JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 9 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 11 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 12 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 200 14 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 15 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 16 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 17 up up IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 18 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 200 19 100 100 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 200 20 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 21 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 200 23 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 24 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 25 atrophied atrophied JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 26 mid mid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 27 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 28 jejunal jejunal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 29 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 200 31 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 32 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 200 33 2E 2E NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 200 35 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 200 36 low low JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 37 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 38 moderate moderate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 39 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 40 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 41 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 42 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 43 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 200 44 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 45 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 46 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 47 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 200 48 villus villus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 49 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 200 50 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 51 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 52 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 53 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 200 54 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 55 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 200 56 distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 57 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 58 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 200 59 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 200 61 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 62 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 200 63 2F 2F NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 200 65 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 200 66 low low JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 67 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 68 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 69 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 70 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 71 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 72 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 200 73 villus villus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 74 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 200 75 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 76 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 77 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 78 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 200 79 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 80 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 200 81 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 82 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 200 83 2D 2D NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 200 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 200 85 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 200 86 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 200 87 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 200 88 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 200 89 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 200 90 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 91 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 200 92 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 200 93 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 201 1 No no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 201 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 201 3 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 201 4 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 201 5 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 201 6 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 201 7 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 201 8 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 201 9 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 201 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 201 11 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 201 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 201 13 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 201 14 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 201 15 control control NN cord-272728-inndwa61 201 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 201 17 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 202 1 3.9 3.9 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 202 2 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 203 1 Serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 2 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 203 3 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 4 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 203 5 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 203 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 7 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 203 9 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 10 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 11 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 203 13 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 14 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 203 15 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 203 16 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 18 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 19 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 20 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 203 21 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 22 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 203 23 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 203 24 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 203 25 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 26 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 203 27 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 203 28 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 203 29 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 30 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 203 31 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 32 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 33 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 34 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 35 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 203 37 prior prior RB cord-272728-inndwa61 203 38 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 203 39 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 203 40 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 203 41 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 203 42 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 203 43 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 203 44 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 45 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 46 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 203 47 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 48 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 203 49 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 203 50 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 203 51 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 203 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 204 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 204 2 morphology morphology NN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 204 4 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 204 5 distribution distribution NN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 6 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 7 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 8 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 204 9 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 204 10 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 204 11 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 204 12 identified identify VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 13 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 14 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 204 15 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 204 16 mock mock JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 204 17 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 204 18 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 19 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 204 20 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 204 21 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 204 22 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 204 23 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 204 24 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 204 25 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 204 26 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 27 those those DT cord-272728-inndwa61 204 28 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 29 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 30 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 204 31 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 204 32 - - : cord-272728-inndwa61 204 33 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 204 34 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 204 35 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 204 36 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 204 37 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 204 38 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 204 39 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 205 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 205 3 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 205 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 205 5 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 205 6 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 205 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 8 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 205 10 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 205 11 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 205 12 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 205 13 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 14 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 205 15 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 205 17 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 205 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 205 19 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 205 20 significantly significantly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 205 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 205 22 P p NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 23 < < XX cord-272728-inndwa61 205 24 .05 .05 NFP cord-272728-inndwa61 205 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 205 26 reduced reduce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 27 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 28 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 29 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 205 30 midjejunum midjejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 31 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 205 32 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 205 33 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 34 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 205 35 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 205 36 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 205 37 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 38 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 205 39 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 40 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 205 41 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 205 42 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 43 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 205 44 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 205 45 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 205 46 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 205 47 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 205 48 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 205 49 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 50 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 51 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 205 52 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 205 53 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 205 54 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 205 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 205 56 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 205 57 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 205 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 205 59 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 206 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 206 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 206 3 further further JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 206 4 analyses analysis NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 206 5 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 206 6 done do VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 7 based base VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 8 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 9 presence presence NN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 10 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 206 11 absence absence NN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 13 onset onset NN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 14 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 15 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 16 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 17 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 206 18 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 206 19 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 206 20 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 21 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 206 22 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 206 23 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 206 24 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 207 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 207 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 207 4 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 5 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 207 6 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 207 7 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 207 8 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 207 9 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 207 10 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 11 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 207 12 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 207 14 mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 207 15 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 207 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 17 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 18 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 207 19 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 207 20 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 207 21 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 207 22 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 23 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 207 24 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 207 26 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 207 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 207 28 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 29 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 30 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 207 31 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 207 33 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 207 34 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 35 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 207 36 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 207 37 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 207 38 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 39 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 40 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 207 41 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 207 42 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 207 43 comparable comparable JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 207 44 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 45 those those DT cord-272728-inndwa61 207 46 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 47 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 207 48 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 207 49 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 207 50 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 207 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 207 52 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 207 53 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 207 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 207 55 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 208 1 Like like IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 208 3 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 208 4 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 5 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 208 6 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 208 7 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 8 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 9 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 208 10 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 208 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 208 12 however however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 208 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 208 14 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 208 15 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 208 16 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 17 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 208 18 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 19 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 208 20 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 21 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 22 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 208 23 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 208 24 trend trend NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 25 toward toward IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 26 reduced reduced JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 208 27 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 208 28 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 29 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 30 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 208 31 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 208 32 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 208 33 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 208 34 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 35 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 208 36 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 208 38 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 208 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 208 40 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 41 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 208 42 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 43 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 208 44 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 45 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 46 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 208 47 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 208 48 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 49 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 208 50 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 208 51 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 52 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 208 53 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 54 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 55 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 208 56 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 208 57 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 208 58 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 208 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 208 60 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 208 61 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 208 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 208 63 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 209 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 209 2 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 3 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 209 4 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 209 6 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 209 7 antibody antibody NN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 8 5HT 5HT NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 209 9 - - : cord-272728-inndwa61 209 10 H209 H209 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 209 11 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 209 12 useful useful JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 209 13 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 209 15 detection detection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 17 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 18 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 19 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 209 20 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 209 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 22 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 209 23 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 209 24 tissues tissue NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 209 25 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 210 1 Similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 210 2 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 210 3 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 210 4 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 210 5 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 210 6 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 210 7 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 210 8 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 210 9 identified identify VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 210 10 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 210 11 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 210 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 210 13 humans human NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 210 14 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 210 15 rats rat NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 211 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 211 2 Gustafsson Gustafsson NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 211 3 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 211 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 211 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 211 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 211 7 2006 2006 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 211 8 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 211 9 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 211 10 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 211 11 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 211 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 211 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 211 14 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 211 15 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 211 16 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 211 17 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 211 18 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 211 19 mainly mainly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 211 20 localized localize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 211 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 211 22 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 211 23 crypts crypt NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 211 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 211 25 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 211 26 they -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 211 27 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 211 28 morphologically morphologically RB cord-272728-inndwa61 211 29 triangular triangular JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 211 30 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 211 31 shaped shaped JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 211 32 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 211 33 round round JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 211 34 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 211 35 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 211 36 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 211 37 without without IN cord-272728-inndwa61 211 38 apical apical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 211 39 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 211 40 extensions extension NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 211 41 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 211 42 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 211 43 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 212 1 Like like IN cord-272728-inndwa61 212 2 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 212 3 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 212 4 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 212 5 humans human NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 212 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 212 7 swine swine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 212 8 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 212 9 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 212 10 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 212 11 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 212 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 212 13 most most RBS cord-272728-inndwa61 212 14 frequent frequent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 212 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 212 16 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 212 17 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 212 18 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 212 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 212 20 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 212 21 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 212 22 segments segment NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 212 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 212 24 Tables table NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 212 25 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 212 26 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 212 27 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 212 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 213 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 213 2 Endo Endo NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 213 3 et et FW cord-272728-inndwa61 213 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 213 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 213 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 213 7 2000 2000 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 213 8 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 213 9 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 213 10 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 213 11 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 213 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 213 13 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 214 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 214 3 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 214 4 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 214 5 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 214 6 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 214 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 214 8 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 214 9 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 10 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 214 11 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 214 12 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 214 13 frequently frequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 214 14 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 16 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 214 17 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 214 18 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 19 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 214 20 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 214 21 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 214 22 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 214 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 214 24 respectively respectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 214 25 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 214 26 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 214 27 number number NN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 28 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 29 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 30 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 214 31 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 214 32 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 214 33 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 214 34 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 214 35 significantly significantly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 214 36 reduced reduce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 37 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 38 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 214 39 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 214 40 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 214 41 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 214 42 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 214 43 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 214 44 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 45 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 214 46 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 214 47 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 214 48 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 214 49 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 215 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 215 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 215 3 two two CD cord-272728-inndwa61 215 4 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 5 three three CD cord-272728-inndwa61 215 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 215 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 215 8 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 9 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 215 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 215 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 215 12 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 215 13 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 215 14 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 215 15 2 2 LS cord-272728-inndwa61 215 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 215 17 that that WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 215 18 did do VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 215 19 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 215 20 exhibit exhibit VB cord-272728-inndwa61 215 21 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 22 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 23 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 215 24 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 215 25 concomitantly concomitantly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 215 26 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 215 27 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 215 28 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 29 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 30 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 215 31 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 215 32 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 215 33 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 215 34 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 35 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 215 36 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 215 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 215 38 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 215 39 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 215 40 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 41 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 42 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 215 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 215 44 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 215 45 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 215 46 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 215 47 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 215 48 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 49 those those DT cord-272728-inndwa61 215 50 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 215 51 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 215 52 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 215 53 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 215 54 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 216 1 These these DT cord-272728-inndwa61 216 2 findings finding NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 216 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 216 4 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 5 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 6 release release NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 7 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 8 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 216 9 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 216 10 into into IN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 11 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 216 12 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 216 13 lamina lamina NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 14 propria propria NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 15 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 216 16 lumen lumen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 216 18 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 19 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 20 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 216 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 216 23 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 24 submucosa submucosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 216 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 216 26 occurred occur VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 216 27 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 216 28 post post NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 29 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 30 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 31 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 216 32 stimulate stimulate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 216 33 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 216 34 vagal vagal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 216 35 afferent afferent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 216 36 neurons neuron NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 216 37 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 216 38 followed follow VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 39 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 216 40 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 216 41 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 217 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 217 2 procedure procedure NN cord-272728-inndwa61 217 3 may may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 217 4 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 217 5 essential essential JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 217 6 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 217 7 inducing induce VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 217 8 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 217 9 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 217 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 217 11 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 217 12 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 217 13 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 217 14 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 218 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 2 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 218 3 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 218 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 218 5 reduced reduce VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 6 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 218 7 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 8 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 9 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 218 10 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 218 11 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 218 12 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 218 13 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 218 14 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 15 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 218 17 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 18 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 218 20 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 21 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 22 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 218 23 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 218 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 218 25 although although IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 26 extensive extensive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 218 27 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 218 28 atrophy atrophy NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 29 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 30 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 218 31 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 218 32 amount amount NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 33 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 34 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 218 35 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 36 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 218 37 confined confine VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 38 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 39 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 218 40 jejunum jejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 41 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 218 42 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 218 43 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 219 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 2 contrast contrast NN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 219 4 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 219 5 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 6 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 219 7 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 8 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 219 9 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 219 10 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 219 11 mild mild JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 219 12 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 219 13 atrophy atrophy NN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 14 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 15 little little JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 219 16 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 219 17 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 18 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 219 19 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 219 20 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 219 21 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 220 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 220 2 speculate speculate VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 220 3 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 4 regardless regardless RB cord-272728-inndwa61 220 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 6 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 220 7 tissue tissue NN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 8 tropism tropism NN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 220 11 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 220 13 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 220 14 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 220 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 16 all all DT cord-272728-inndwa61 220 17 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 220 18 segments segment NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 220 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 220 20 duodenum duodenum VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 220 21 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 22 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 220 24 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 220 25 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 220 26 involved involve VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 27 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 220 29 induction induction NN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 30 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 31 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 32 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 33 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 220 34 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 220 35 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 220 36 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 220 37 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 221 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 221 3 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 221 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 221 6 detailed detailed JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 221 7 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 8 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 9 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 221 10 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 11 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 221 12 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 221 13 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 221 14 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 221 15 examined examine VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 16 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 221 17 understand understand VB cord-272728-inndwa61 221 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 221 19 relationship relationship NN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 20 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 21 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 221 22 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 221 23 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 24 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 221 25 frequency frequency NN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 27 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 28 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 221 29 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 221 30 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 221 31 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 221 32 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 221 33 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 221 34 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 221 35 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 221 36 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 221 37 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 221 38 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 222 1 Also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 222 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 222 3 there there EX cord-272728-inndwa61 222 4 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 222 5 little little JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 222 6 information information NN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 7 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 222 9 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 11 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 222 12 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 222 13 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 14 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 15 young young JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 222 16 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 222 17 prior prior RB cord-272728-inndwa61 222 18 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 19 onset onset NN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 20 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 222 21 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 222 22 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 222 23 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 223 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 223 3 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 223 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 223 5 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 223 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 223 7 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 223 8 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 223 9 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 10 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 11 feces fece NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 223 12 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 223 13 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 223 14 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 16 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 223 18 8.1 8.1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 223 19 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 223 20 8.5 8.5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 223 21 log log NN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 22 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 223 23 GE GE NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 223 24 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 223 25 ml ml NN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 223 27 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 28 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 223 29 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 223 30 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 223 31 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 223 32 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 223 33 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 224 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 224 2 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 224 3 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 224 4 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 224 5 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 6 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 224 7 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 224 8 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 224 10 showing show VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 224 11 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 12 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 224 13 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 14 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 15 20 20 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 224 17 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 18 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 224 20 1-dayold 1-dayold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 224 22 caesarean caesarean NN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 23 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 224 24 derived derive VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 25 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 224 26 colostrum colostrum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 27 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 224 28 deprived deprive VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 224 30 CDCD CDCD NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 224 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 224 32 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 224 33 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 34 orally orally RB cord-272728-inndwa61 224 35 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 36 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 37 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 38 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 224 39 plaque plaque NN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 40 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 224 41 forming form VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 224 42 units unit NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 224 43 / / SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 224 44 pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 45 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 224 46 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 224 47 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 48 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 224 49 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 224 50 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 51 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 224 52 feces fece NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 224 53 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 224 54 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 224 55 12 12 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 225 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 225 2 Madson Madson NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 225 3 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 225 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 225 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 225 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 225 7 2016 2016 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 225 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 225 9 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 226 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 2 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 226 3 same same JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 226 4 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 226 6 however however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 226 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 226 8 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 226 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 10 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 226 11 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 226 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 226 13 80 80 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 226 14 % % NN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 226 16 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 226 17 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 226 18 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 19 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 226 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 226 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 22 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 23 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 226 25 same same JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 226 26 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 27 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 226 28 point point NN cord-272728-inndwa61 226 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 227 1 Based base VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 227 2 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 227 3 these these DT cord-272728-inndwa61 227 4 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 227 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 227 6 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 227 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 227 8 viremia viremia NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 227 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 227 10 viral viral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 227 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 227 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 227 13 may may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 227 14 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 227 15 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 227 16 earlier early RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 227 17 than than IN cord-272728-inndwa61 227 18 fecal fecal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 227 19 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 227 20 RNA rna NN cord-272728-inndwa61 227 21 shedding shed VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 227 22 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 227 23 PEDVinfected pedvinfected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 227 24 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 227 25 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 228 1 As as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 228 3 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 228 4 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 5 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 228 6 revealed reveal VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 228 7 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 228 8 amounts amount NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 228 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 228 11 antigens antigen NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 228 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 13 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 228 14 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 228 15 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 17 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 228 18 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 228 19 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 20 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 228 21 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 228 22 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 228 23 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 228 24 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 228 25 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 26 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 228 27 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 228 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 228 29 viremia viremia NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 30 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 228 31 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 228 32 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 228 33 result result NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 34 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 35 diffusion diffusion NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 36 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 228 37 spread spread NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 38 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 39 replicated replicate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 40 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 228 41 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 42 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 228 43 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 44 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 45 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 46 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 228 47 blood blood NN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 48 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 228 49 although although IN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 50 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 228 51 detailed detailed JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 228 52 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 228 53 need need VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 228 54 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 228 55 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 228 56 studied study VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 228 57 further further RB cord-272728-inndwa61 228 58 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 229 1 Based base VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 2 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 229 4 histopathologic histopathologic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 229 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 229 6 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 229 7 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 229 8 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 9 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 229 10 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 229 11 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 12 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 229 13 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 229 14 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 229 15 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 229 16 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 229 17 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 18 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 229 19 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 229 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 229 21 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 229 22 initially initially RB cord-272728-inndwa61 229 23 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 229 24 mainly mainly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 229 25 infected infect VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 229 26 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 229 27 mild mild NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 28 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 229 29 jejunum jejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 30 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 229 31 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 32 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 229 33 lesser less JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 229 34 extent extent NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 35 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 229 36 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 37 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 229 38 however however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 229 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 229 40 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 229 41 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 42 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 43 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 229 44 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 45 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 229 46 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 229 47 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 229 48 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 229 49 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 229 50 distal distal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 229 51 jejunum jejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 52 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 229 53 less less RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 229 54 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 55 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 56 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 229 57 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 58 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 59 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 229 60 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 229 61 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 229 62 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 230 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 2 addition addition NN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 230 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 230 5 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 230 6 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 7 did do VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 230 8 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 230 9 find find VB cord-272728-inndwa61 230 10 any any DT cord-272728-inndwa61 230 11 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 230 12 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 13 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 230 15 pylorus pylorus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 17 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 230 18 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 230 19 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 230 20 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 230 21 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 230 22 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 230 23 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 230 24 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 230 25 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 231 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 231 2 pilot pilot NN cord-272728-inndwa61 231 3 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 231 4 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 231 5 included include VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 231 6 another another DT cord-272728-inndwa61 231 7 location location NN cord-272728-inndwa61 231 8 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 231 9 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 231 10 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 231 11 distant distant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 231 12 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 231 13 approximately approximately RB cord-272728-inndwa61 231 14 30 30 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 231 15 cm cm NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 231 16 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 231 17 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 231 18 pylorus pylorus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 231 19 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 232 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 232 2 found find VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 232 3 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 4 infectivity infectivity NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 232 7 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 8 this this DT cord-272728-inndwa61 232 9 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 232 10 segment segment NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 11 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 232 12 more more RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 232 13 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 232 14 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 15 that that DT cord-272728-inndwa61 232 16 found find VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 17 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 232 19 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 20 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 21 jejunum jejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 22 compared compare VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 23 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 232 25 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 232 26 proximal proximal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 232 27 jejunum jejunum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 28 segment segment NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 232 30 distant distant JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 232 31 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 32 15 15 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 232 33 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 232 34 20 20 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 232 35 cm cm NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 232 36 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 37 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 232 38 pylorus pylorus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 232 40 closer close RBR cord-272728-inndwa61 232 41 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 42 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 232 43 pylorus pylorus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 232 44 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 233 1 These these DT cord-272728-inndwa61 233 2 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 233 3 underscore underscore VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 233 4 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 5 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 233 6 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 7 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 8 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 233 10 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 11 may may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 233 12 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 233 13 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 233 14 primary primary JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 15 sites site NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 233 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 17 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 18 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 233 19 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 233 21 although although IN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 22 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 233 23 exact exact JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 24 cause cause NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 25 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 26 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 233 27 distinct distinct JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 28 tissue tissue NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 29 tropism tropism NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 30 remains remain VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 31 obscure obscure JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 32 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 33 terms term NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 233 34 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 35 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 36 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 233 37 host host NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 38 cell cell NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 39 interactions interaction NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 233 40 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 41 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 233 42 molecular molecular JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 233 43 level level NN cord-272728-inndwa61 233 44 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 234 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 234 2 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 3 debatable debatable JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 4 whether whether IN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 5 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 234 6 induces induce VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 7 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 8 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 9 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 234 10 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 11 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 12 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 13 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 234 14 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 15 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 16 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 234 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 234 18 because because IN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 19 most most JJS cord-272728-inndwa61 234 20 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 21 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 234 22 research research NN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 23 has have VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 234 24 been be VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 25 conducted conduct VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 26 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 27 cell cell NN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 28 cultures culture NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 234 29 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 234 30 vitro vitro FW cord-272728-inndwa61 234 31 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 235 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 235 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 235 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 235 4 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 235 5 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 235 6 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 235 7 increased increased JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 235 8 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 235 9 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 235 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 235 11 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 235 12 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 235 13 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 235 14 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 235 15 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 235 16 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 235 17 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 235 18 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 235 19 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 235 20 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 235 21 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 235 22 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 235 23 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 235 24 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 235 25 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 236 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 2 current current JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 3 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 4 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 236 5 clearly clearly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 236 6 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 236 7 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 8 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 9 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 10 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 236 11 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 236 12 systemic systemic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 13 innate innate NN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 236 15 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 16 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 236 17 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 236 19 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 236 20 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 21 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 236 24 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 25 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 236 26 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 236 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 236 28 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 236 29 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 236 31 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 32 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 236 33 after after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 34 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 35 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 36 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 37 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 236 38 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 39 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 40 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 236 41 reported report VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 42 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 43 mRNA mrna NN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 44 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 236 45 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 46 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 47 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 48 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 236 49 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 236 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 236 51 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 52 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 236 53 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 54 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 236 55 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 56 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 236 57 TNFα TNFα NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 236 59 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 60 IPEC IPEC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 236 61 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 236 62 J2 j2 NN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 63 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 236 64 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 65 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 236 66 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 237 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 237 2 Lin Lin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 237 3 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 237 4 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 237 5 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 237 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 237 7 2017 2017 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 237 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 237 9 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 238 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 2 particular particular JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 238 4 3-to 3-to CD cord-272728-inndwa61 238 5 6-fold 6-fold CD cord-272728-inndwa61 238 6 increases increase NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 238 7 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 238 9 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 10 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 11 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 12 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 238 13 observed observe VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 14 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 15 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 16 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 238 17 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 238 18 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 238 19 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 238 20 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 238 21 coincided coincide VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 238 22 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 23 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 238 24 decreased decreased JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 25 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 238 26 loss loss NN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 27 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 28 appetite appetite NN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 29 following follow VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 238 30 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 31 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 238 32 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 33 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 34 young young JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 238 35 suckling suckling NN cord-272728-inndwa61 238 36 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 238 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 238 38 Langhans Langhans NNPS cord-272728-inndwa61 238 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 238 40 2000 2000 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 238 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 238 42 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 239 1 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 239 2 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 239 3 secrete secrete VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 239 4 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 6 response response NN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 7 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 8 mechanical mechanical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 239 9 stimulation stimulation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 10 as as RB cord-272728-inndwa61 239 11 well well RB cord-272728-inndwa61 239 12 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 13 recognition recognition NN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 14 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 239 16 via via IN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 17 toll toll NN cord-272728-inndwa61 239 18 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 239 19 like like JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 239 20 receptors receptor NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 239 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 239 22 Worthington Worthington NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 239 23 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 239 24 2015 2015 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 239 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 239 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 240 1 Several several JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 240 2 studies study NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 240 3 showed show VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 240 4 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 240 5 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 240 6 functions function NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 240 7 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 240 8 promote promote VB cord-272728-inndwa61 240 9 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 240 10 activation activation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 240 11 through through IN cord-272728-inndwa61 240 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 240 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 240 14 expressed express VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 240 15 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 240 16 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 240 17 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 240 18 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 240 19 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 240 20 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 240 21 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 240 22 T T NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 240 23 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 240 24 B b NN cord-272728-inndwa61 240 25 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 240 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 241 1 Li Li NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 241 2 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 241 3 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 241 4 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 242 1 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 242 2 2011 2011 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 242 3 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 242 4 Shajib Shajib NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 242 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 242 6 Khan Khan NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 242 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 242 8 2015 2015 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 242 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 242 10 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 243 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 3 pilot pilot NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 4 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 243 6 increased increase VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 243 7 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 8 levels level NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 243 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 10 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 11 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 12 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 243 14 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 15 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 243 16 coincided coincide VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 17 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 18 reduced reduced JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 19 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 243 20 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 21 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 22 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 243 23 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 24 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 25 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 243 26 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 243 27 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 243 28 i.e. i.e. FW cord-272728-inndwa61 243 29 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 30 release release NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 31 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 32 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 243 33 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 243 34 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 35 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 243 36 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 37 submucosa submucosa NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 243 38 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 243 39 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 40 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 243 41 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 243 42 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 43 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 44 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 243 46 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 243 47 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 243 48 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 243 49 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 243 50 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 243 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 243 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 243 53 Tables table NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 243 54 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 243 55 _SP cord-272728-inndwa61 243 56 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 243 57 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 243 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 243 59 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 244 1 This this DT cord-272728-inndwa61 244 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 3 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 244 4 possible possible JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 5 involvement involvement NN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 6 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 7 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 244 8 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 244 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 244 10 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 11 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 244 12 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 244 13 only only RB cord-272728-inndwa61 244 14 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 15 triggering trigger VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 244 16 an an DT cord-272728-inndwa61 244 17 emetic emetic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 18 response response NN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 19 but but CC cord-272728-inndwa61 244 20 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 244 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 22 development development NN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 23 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 24 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 25 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 244 26 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 27 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 28 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 29 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 30 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 244 31 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 244 32 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 244 33 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 244 34 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 244 35 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 245 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 245 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 245 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 245 4 potentially potentially RB cord-272728-inndwa61 245 5 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 245 6 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 245 7 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 245 8 effects effect NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 245 9 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 245 10 roles role NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 245 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 245 12 those those DT cord-272728-inndwa61 245 13 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 245 14 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 245 15 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 245 16 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 245 17 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 245 18 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 245 19 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 245 20 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 245 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 245 22 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 245 23 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 245 24 need need VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 245 25 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 245 26 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 245 27 studied study VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 245 28 further further RB cord-272728-inndwa61 245 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 246 1 As as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 2 tested test VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 3 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 4 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 246 6 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 7 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 8 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 246 9 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 246 10 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 246 11 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 246 12 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 13 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 14 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 246 15 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 246 16 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 17 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 18 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 246 19 revealed reveal VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 246 20 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 21 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 22 localization localization NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 23 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 24 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 25 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 26 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 27 evident evident JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 28 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 29 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 246 30 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 31 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 246 32 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 33 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 34 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 35 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 246 36 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 37 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 246 38 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 246 39 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 246 40 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 246 41 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 42 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 43 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 246 44 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 45 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 246 46 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 47 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 48 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 49 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 246 51 Fig Fig NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 52 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 246 53 2A 2a CD cord-272728-inndwa61 246 54 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 246 55 F F NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 246 57 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 246 58 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 59 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 246 60 previous previous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 246 61 observations observation NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 246 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 246 63 Madson Madson NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 64 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 65 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 66 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 246 67 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 246 68 2016 2016 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 246 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 246 70 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 247 1 A a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 247 2 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 247 3 observation observation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 247 4 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 247 5 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 247 6 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 247 7 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 247 8 IHC IHC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 247 9 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 247 10 1-day 1-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 247 11 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 247 12 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 247 13 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 247 14 CDCD CDCD NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 247 15 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 247 16 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 247 17 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 247 18 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 247 19 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 247 20 deltacoronaivrus deltacoronaivrus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 247 21 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 247 22 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 247 23 12 12 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 247 24 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 247 25 24 24 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 248 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 248 2 Jung Jung NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 248 3 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 248 4 Saif Saif NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 248 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 248 6 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 248 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 248 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 248 9 implying imply VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 248 10 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 248 11 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 248 12 tissue tissue NN cord-272728-inndwa61 248 13 tropism tropism NN cord-272728-inndwa61 248 14 between between IN cord-272728-inndwa61 248 15 these these DT cord-272728-inndwa61 248 16 two two CD cord-272728-inndwa61 248 17 viruses virus NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 248 18 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 248 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 248 20 early early JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 248 21 stages stage NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 248 22 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 248 23 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 248 24 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 249 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 249 2 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 249 3 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 4 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 249 5 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 249 6 regions region NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 249 7 appeared appear VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 249 8 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 249 9 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 249 11 villus villus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 249 12 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 249 13 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 14 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 15 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 249 16 subsequently subsequently RB cord-272728-inndwa61 249 17 expanded expand VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 249 18 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 19 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 249 20 upper upper JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 249 21 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 249 22 then then RB cord-272728-inndwa61 249 23 entire entire JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 249 24 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 249 25 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 27 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 249 28 jejunum jejunum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 249 29 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 30 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 249 31 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 250 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 2 data datum NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 250 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 250 4 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 5 enzymatically enzymatically RB cord-272728-inndwa61 250 6 immature immature JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 250 8 young young JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 250 10 enterocytes enterocyte NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 250 11 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 12 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 250 13 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 14 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 250 15 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 16 interface interface NN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 250 19 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 20 intestine intestine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 250 22 relative relative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 23 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 250 25 enzymatically enzymatically RB cord-272728-inndwa61 250 26 mature mature JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 250 28 older old JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 250 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 250 30 enterocytes enterocyte NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 250 31 located locate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 32 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 33 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 250 34 villous villous JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 35 tips tip NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 250 36 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 250 37 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 250 38 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 250 39 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 250 40 major major JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 250 41 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 42 site site NN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 43 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 250 44 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 250 45 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 251 1 During during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 2 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 251 3 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 4 period period NN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 5 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 251 6 similar similar JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 251 7 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 8 vibrio vibrio NN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 9 cholera cholera NN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 251 11 cholera cholera NN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 12 toxin toxin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 251 14 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 251 15 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 251 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 251 17 non non JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 251 18 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 251 19 structural structural JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 251 20 viral viral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 251 21 protein protein NN cord-272728-inndwa61 251 22 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 251 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 252 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 252 2 Spiller Spiller NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 252 3 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 252 4 2008 2008 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 252 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 252 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 252 7 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 252 8 itself -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 252 9 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 252 10 undefined undefined JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 252 11 secondary secondary JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 252 12 mediators mediator NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 252 13 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 252 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 252 15 infected infected JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 252 16 host host NN cord-272728-inndwa61 252 17 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 252 18 act act VB cord-272728-inndwa61 252 19 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 252 20 trigger trigger VB cord-272728-inndwa61 252 21 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 252 22 release release NN cord-272728-inndwa61 252 23 from from IN cord-272728-inndwa61 252 24 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 252 25 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 252 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 253 1 Because because IN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 2 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 253 3 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 4 site site NN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 253 7 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 253 8 close close JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 253 9 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 10 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 253 11 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 12 layer layer NN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 13 where where WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 253 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 253 15 majority majority NN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 17 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 18 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 253 19 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 253 20 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 253 21 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 253 22 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 253 23 located locate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 253 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 253 26 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 253 27 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 253 28 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 253 29 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 30 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 253 31 itself -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 253 32 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 253 33 secondary secondary JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 253 34 mediators mediator NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 253 35 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 253 36 access access VB cord-272728-inndwa61 253 37 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 253 38 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 253 39 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 40 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 253 41 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 253 42 layers layer NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 253 43 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 254 1 In in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 254 3 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 4 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 254 5 although although IN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 6 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 254 7 antigen antigen NN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 8 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 254 9 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 254 10 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 254 11 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 254 12 confined confine VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 13 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 14 villous villous NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 254 15 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 254 17 not not RB cord-272728-inndwa61 254 18 crypt crypt JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 254 19 epithelium epithelium NN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 20 where where WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 254 21 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 254 22 majority majority NN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 23 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 24 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 25 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 254 26 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 254 27 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 254 28 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 254 29 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 254 30 localized localize VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 254 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 254 33 whether whether IN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 34 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 254 35 can can MD cord-272728-inndwa61 254 36 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 254 37 infect infect VB cord-272728-inndwa61 254 38 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 254 39 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 254 40 needs need VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 254 41 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 254 42 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 254 43 studied study VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 254 44 further further RB cord-272728-inndwa61 254 45 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 255 1 At at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 255 2 PID PID NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 255 3 5 5 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 255 4 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 255 5 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 255 6 disappeared disappear VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 255 7 completely completely RB cord-272728-inndwa61 255 8 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 255 9 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 255 10 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 255 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 255 12 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 255 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 255 14 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 255 15 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 255 16 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 255 17 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 255 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 255 19 small small JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 255 20 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 255 21 large large JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 255 22 intestines intestine NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 255 23 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 255 24 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 255 25 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 255 26 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 255 27 recovered recover VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 255 28 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 255 29 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 255 30 comparable comparable JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 255 31 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 255 32 those those DT cord-272728-inndwa61 255 33 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 255 34 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 255 35 negative negative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 255 36 controls control NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 255 37 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 256 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 256 2 rapid rapid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 256 3 recovery recovery NN cord-272728-inndwa61 256 4 could could MD cord-272728-inndwa61 256 5 imply imply VB cord-272728-inndwa61 256 6 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 256 7 rapid rapid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 256 8 turnover turnover NN cord-272728-inndwa61 256 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 256 10 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 256 11 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 256 12 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 256 13 compensate compensate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 256 14 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 256 15 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 256 16 reduced reduced JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 256 17 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 256 18 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 257 1 However however RB cord-272728-inndwa61 257 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 257 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 257 4 turnover turnover NN cord-272728-inndwa61 257 5 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 257 6 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 257 7 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 257 8 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 257 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 257 10 15 15 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 257 11 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 257 12 150 150 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 257 13 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 257 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 257 15 is be VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 257 16 much much RB cord-272728-inndwa61 257 17 slower slow JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 257 18 than than IN cord-272728-inndwa61 257 19 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 257 20 enterocytes enterocytes NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 257 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 257 22 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 257 23 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 257 24 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 257 25 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 257 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 257 27 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 257 28 rats rat NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 257 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 257 30 de de `` cord-272728-inndwa61 257 31 Bruine Bruine NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 257 32 et et NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 257 33 al al NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 257 34 . . NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 257 35 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 257 36 1992 1992 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 257 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 257 38 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 258 1 Thus thus RB cord-272728-inndwa61 258 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 258 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 258 4 rapid rapid JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 258 5 recovery recovery NN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 6 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 258 8 number number NN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 10 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 11 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 258 12 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 258 13 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 258 14 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 258 15 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 258 16 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 258 17 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 258 18 result result NN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 19 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 20 increased increase VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 21 synthesis synthesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 258 23 deposition deposition NN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 24 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 25 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 26 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 258 27 EC EC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 258 28 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 258 29 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 259 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-272728-inndwa61 259 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 259 3 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 4 might may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 259 5 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 259 6 involved involve VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 7 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 8 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 259 9 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 259 10 related relate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 11 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 12 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 259 13 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 14 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 259 15 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 259 16 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 17 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 259 18 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 259 19 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 260 1 Serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 2 receptor receptor NN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 260 4 5-HT 5-ht CD cord-272728-inndwa61 260 5 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 260 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 260 7 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 260 8 may may MD cord-272728-inndwa61 260 9 be be VB cord-272728-inndwa61 260 10 useful useful JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 260 11 targets target NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 260 12 as as IN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 13 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 260 14 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 260 15 intervention intervention NN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 16 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 260 17 suppress suppress VB cord-272728-inndwa61 260 18 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 260 19 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 20 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 21 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 260 22 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 260 23 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 24 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 260 25 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 260 26 especially especially RB cord-272728-inndwa61 260 27 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 260 28 cases case NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 260 29 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 260 30 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 260 31 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 260 32 signs sign NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 260 33 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 260 34 severe severe JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 260 35 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 261 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-272728-inndwa61 261 2 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 261 3 further further JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 261 4 studies study NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 261 5 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 261 6 needed need VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 261 7 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 261 8 test test VB cord-272728-inndwa61 261 9 whether whether IN cord-272728-inndwa61 261 10 5-HT 5-ht CD cord-272728-inndwa61 261 11 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 261 12 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 261 13 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 261 14 effective effective JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 261 15 to to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 261 16 inhibit inhibit VB cord-272728-inndwa61 261 17 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 261 18 suppress suppress VB cord-272728-inndwa61 261 19 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 261 20 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 261 21 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 261 22 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 261 23 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 261 24 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 261 25 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 261 26 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 262 1 To to TO cord-272728-inndwa61 262 2 evaluate evaluate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 262 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 262 4 disease disease NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 262 6 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 262 7 comparative comparative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 8 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 262 11 strains strain NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 262 12 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 13 young young JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 14 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 262 15 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 16 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 262 17 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 18 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 262 19 incubation incubation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 20 stage stage NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 21 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 22 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 262 23 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 24 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 262 25 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 262 26 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 27 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 28 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 29 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 262 30 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 31 are be VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 262 32 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 262 33 most most RBS cord-272728-inndwa61 262 34 critical critical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 35 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 262 36 useful useful JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 37 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 38 locations location NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 262 39 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 40 histological histological JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 262 41 analysis analysis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 262 42 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 263 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 2 study study NN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 3 also also RB cord-272728-inndwa61 263 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 263 5 that that IN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 6 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 7 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 263 8 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 9 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 10 evidence evidence NN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 12 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 263 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 263 14 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 15 serum serum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 16 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 263 17 induces induce VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 18 systemic systemic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 19 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 263 21 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 263 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 263 23 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 263 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 263 25 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 263 26 pro pro JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 27 - - JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 28 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 263 30 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 263 31 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 263 32 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 263 33 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 263 34 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 263 35 IL-12 IL-12 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 263 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 263 37 cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 38 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 263 39 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 263 40 young young JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 263 41 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 263 42 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 263 43 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 264 1 None none NN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 2 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 264 4 authors author NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 264 5 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 6 this this DT cord-272728-inndwa61 264 7 paper paper NN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 8 have have VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 264 9 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 264 10 financial financial JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 264 11 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 264 12 personal personal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 264 13 relationship relationship NN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 14 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 15 other other JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 264 16 people people NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 264 17 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 264 18 organizations organization NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 264 19 that that WDT cord-272728-inndwa61 264 20 could could MD cord-272728-inndwa61 264 21 inappropriately inappropriately RB cord-272728-inndwa61 264 22 influence influence VB cord-272728-inndwa61 264 23 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 264 24 bias bias VB cord-272728-inndwa61 264 25 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 264 26 content content NN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 27 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 28 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 264 29 paper paper NN cord-272728-inndwa61 264 30 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 265 1 Table table NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 2 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 265 3 Mean mean JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 4 numbers number NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 265 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 265 6 ± ± NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 265 7 SDM SDM NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 265 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 265 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 10 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 11 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 265 12 positive positive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 13 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 14 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 265 15 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 16 immunohistochemistry immunohistochemistry NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 17 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 18 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 265 19 crypt crypt NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 20 layers layer NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 265 21 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 265 22 lower low JJR cord-272728-inndwa61 265 23 half half NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 24 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 25 villi villi NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 26 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 27 duodenum duodenum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 265 29 mid mid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 30 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 31 jejunum jejunum JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 32 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 265 33 ileum ileum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 34 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 265 35 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 265 36 colon colon NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 37 per per IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 38 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 39 area area NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 40 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 265 41 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 42 ×250 ×250 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 265 43 magnification magnification NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 44 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 265 45 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 46 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 47 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 48 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 265 49 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 50 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 265 51 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 52 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 53 virulent virulent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 54 US US NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 265 55 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 265 56 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 57 PC21A pc21a JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 265 58 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 265 59 mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 265 60 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 265 61 postinoculation postinoculation NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 265 62 hour hour NN cord-272728-inndwa61 266 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 266 2 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 266 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 266 4 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 266 5 when when WRB cord-272728-inndwa61 266 6 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 266 7 shortly shortly RB cord-272728-inndwa61 266 8 after after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 266 9 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 266 10 was be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 266 11 first first RB cord-272728-inndwa61 266 12 detected detect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 266 13 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 267 1 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 267 2 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 267 3 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 267 4 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 267 5 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 267 6 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 267 7 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 267 8 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 267 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 267 10 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 267 11 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 267 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 267 13 age age NN cord-272728-inndwa61 267 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 268 1 Mock mock VB cord-272728-inndwa61 268 2 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 268 3 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 268 4 Gn Gn NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 268 5 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 268 6 4 4 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 268 7 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 268 8 6 6 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 268 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 268 10 10 10 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 268 11 days day NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 268 12 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 268 13 age age NN cord-272728-inndwa61 268 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 269 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 269 2 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 269 3 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 269 4 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 269 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 270 1 Based base VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 2 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 3 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 270 4 time time NN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 5 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 270 6 point point NN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 7 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 270 8 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 270 9 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 270 10 Based Based NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 270 11 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 12 presence presence NN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 13 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 270 14 absence absence NN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 15 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 16 vomiting vomit VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 270 17 at at IN cord-272728-inndwa61 270 18 PIH PIH NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 270 19 16 16 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 271 1 Pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 271 2 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 271 3 - - SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 271 4 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 271 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 271 6 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 271 7 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 271 8 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 271 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 271 10 Pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 271 11 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 271 12 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 271 13 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 271 14 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 271 15 no no DT cord-272728-inndwa61 271 16 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 272 2 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 3 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 272 4 2 2 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 272 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 272 6 Pig pig NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 7 3 3 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 272 8 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 9 onset onset NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 11 vomiting vomiting NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 272 13 n n NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 14 = = SYM cord-272728-inndwa61 272 15 1 1 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 272 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 272 17 _SP cord-272728-inndwa61 272 18 Age age NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 19 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 272 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 21 variation variation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 22 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 23 innate innate JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 24 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 25 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 26 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 27 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 28 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 29 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 30 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 31 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 32 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 33 suckling suckle VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 272 34 versus versus IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 35 weaned wean VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 272 36 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 37 Cytokine cytokine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 38 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 39 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 40 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 41 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 42 after after IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 43 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 44 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 45 virulent virulent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 46 or or CC cord-272728-inndwa61 272 47 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 48 human human JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 49 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 50 Divergent divergent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 51 immunomodulating immunomodulating JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 52 effects effect NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 53 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 54 probiotics probiotic NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 55 on on IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 56 T t NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 57 cell cell NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 58 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 59 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 60 oral oral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 61 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 62 human human JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 63 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 64 vaccine vaccine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 65 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 272 66 virulent virulent JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 67 human human JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 68 rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 69 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 70 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 71 a a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 272 72 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 73 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 272 74 piglet piglet NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 75 disease disease NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 272 76 model model NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 77 Renewal Renewal NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 272 78 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 79 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 272 80 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 272 81 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 82 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 272 83 rat rat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 84 caecum caecum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 85 Neurochemistry Neurochemistry NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 272 86 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 272 87 neuropharmacology neuropharmacology NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 88 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 89 emesis emesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 90 -the -the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 272 91 role role NN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 92 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 272 93 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 273 2 role role NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 4 IL-22 IL-22 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 273 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 6 viral viral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 7 infections infection NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 273 8 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 273 9 paradigms paradigm NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 273 10 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 273 11 paradoxes paradox NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 273 12 A a DT cord-272728-inndwa61 273 13 new new JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 14 method method NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 15 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 16 visualization visualization NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 17 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 18 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 19 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 20 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 273 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 273 22 describing describe VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 273 23 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 273 24 enterochromaffin enterochromaffin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 273 25 cell cell NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 26 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 27 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 273 28 rat rat NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 29 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 30 tract tract NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 31 Porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 32 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 33 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 34 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 35 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 36 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 273 37 etiology etiology NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 38 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 273 39 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 40 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 273 41 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 42 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 273 43 immunoprophylaxis immunoprophylaxis NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 273 44 Altered altered JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 45 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 46 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 47 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 48 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 49 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 50 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 51 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 273 52 due due JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 53 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 54 immunosuppressive immunosuppressive JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 55 effects effect NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 273 56 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 57 dexamethasone dexamethasone NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 58 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 273 59 implications implication NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 273 60 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 61 corticosteroid corticosteroid NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 62 use use NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 63 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 64 treatment treatment NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 65 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 66 severe severe JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 67 acute acute JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 68 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 69 syndrome syndrome NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 70 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 71 Pathology Pathology NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 273 72 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 73 US US NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 273 74 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 273 75 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 76 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 273 77 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 274 1 strain strain NN cord-272728-inndwa61 274 2 PC21A pc21a JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 274 3 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 274 4 gnotobiotic gnotobiotic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 274 5 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 275 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 275 2 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 4 US US NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 275 5 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 275 6 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 7 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 8 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 275 10 PEDV PEDV NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 275 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-272728-inndwa61 275 12 strain strain VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 275 13 PC21A PC21A VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 14 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 15 conventional conventional JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 275 16 9-day 9-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 275 17 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 275 18 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 275 19 nursing nursing NN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 20 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 275 21 vs. vs. IN cord-272728-inndwa61 275 22 26-day 26-day CD cord-272728-inndwa61 275 23 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 275 24 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 276 1 weaned wean VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 276 2 pigs pig NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 276 3 Anorexia anorexia NN cord-272728-inndwa61 276 4 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 276 5 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 276 6 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 277 1 current current JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 277 2 prospects prospect NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 278 1 Serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 2 activates activate VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 278 3 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 278 4 cell cell NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 5 function function NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 6 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 7 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 278 8 context context NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 9 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 10 gut gut NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 12 Differential differential JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 278 13 protein protein NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 14 analysis analysis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 15 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 16 IPEC IPEC NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 278 17 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 278 18 J2 J2 NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 278 19 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 278 20 infected infect VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 21 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 22 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 278 23 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 24 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 25 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 26 pandemic pandemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 27 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 278 28 classical classical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 278 29 strains strain NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 278 30 elucidates elucidate VBZ cord-272728-inndwa61 278 31 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 278 32 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 33 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 34 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 35 Characterization characterization NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 36 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 37 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 278 38 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 39 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 278 40 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 279 1 isolate isolate VB cord-272728-inndwa61 279 2 US/ us/ PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 279 3 Iowa/18984/2013 iowa/18984/2013 CD cord-272728-inndwa61 279 4 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 279 5 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 279 6 1-day 1-day JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 279 7 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 279 8 old old JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 279 9 cesarean cesarean NN cord-272728-inndwa61 279 10 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 279 11 derived derive VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 279 12 colostrum colostrum NN cord-272728-inndwa61 279 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 279 14 deprived deprive VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 279 15 piglets piglet NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 280 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 280 2 role role NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 4 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 5 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 280 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-272728-inndwa61 280 7 receptors receptor NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 280 8 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 9 activation activation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 11 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 280 12 responses response NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 280 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 280 14 inflammation inflammation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 15 Role role NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 16 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 17 serotonin serotonin NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 18 in in IN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 19 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 280 20 motility motility NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 21 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 280 22 irritable irritable JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 280 23 bowel bowel NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 24 syndrome syndrome NN cord-272728-inndwa61 280 25 Serotonin Serotonin NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 280 26 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 280 27 GI GI NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 280 28 clinical clinical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 280 29 disorders disorder NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 281 1 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 281 2 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 281 3 immunoendocrine immunoendocrine NN cord-272728-inndwa61 281 4 axis axis NN cord-272728-inndwa61 281 5 : : : cord-272728-inndwa61 282 1 novel novel NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 282 2 cross cross NN cord-272728-inndwa61 282 3 - - NN cord-272728-inndwa61 282 4 talk talk NN cord-272728-inndwa61 282 5 between between IN cord-272728-inndwa61 282 6 enteroendocrine enteroendocrine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 282 7 cells cell NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 282 8 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 282 9 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 282 10 immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 282 11 system system NN cord-272728-inndwa61 282 12 during during IN cord-272728-inndwa61 282 13 infection infection NN cord-272728-inndwa61 282 14 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 282 15 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 282 16 disease disease NN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 1 Immune immune JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 283 2 evasion evasion NN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 3 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 4 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 283 5 enteric enteric JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 283 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 283 7 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 283 8 viral viral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 283 9 modulation modulation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 10 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 283 12 innate innate NN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 13 signaling signal VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 283 14 Suppression suppression NN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 15 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 283 16 type type NN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 284 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 284 3 production production NN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 4 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 5 porcine porcine JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 284 6 epidemic epidemic NN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 7 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 8 virus virus NN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 284 10 degradation degradation NN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 11 of of IN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 12 CREB CREB NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 284 13 - - HYPH cord-272728-inndwa61 284 14 binding bind VBG cord-272728-inndwa61 284 15 protein protein NN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 16 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 284 17 nsp1 nsp1 NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 285 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 2 thank thank VBP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 3 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 4 Juliette Juliette NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 5 Hanson Hanson NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 6 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 285 7 Andrew Andrew NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 8 Wright Wright NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 9 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 285 10 Megan Megan NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 11 Strother Strother NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 12 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 285 13 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 285 14 Ronna Ronna NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 15 Wood Wood NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 16 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 285 17 assistance assistance NN cord-272728-inndwa61 285 18 with with IN cord-272728-inndwa61 285 19 animal animal NN cord-272728-inndwa61 285 20 care care NN cord-272728-inndwa61 285 21 ; ; : cord-272728-inndwa61 285 22 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 285 23 Xiaohong Xiaohong NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 24 Wang Wang NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 25 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 285 26 Zhongyan Zhongyan NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 27 Lu Lu NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 28 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 285 29 John John NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 30 Blakenship Blakenship NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 31 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 285 32 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 285 33 Thavamathi Thavamathi NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 34 Annamalai Annamalai NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 285 35 for for IN cord-272728-inndwa61 285 36 technical technical JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 285 37 assistance assistance NN cord-272728-inndwa61 285 38 . . . cord-272728-inndwa61 286 1 Salaries salary NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 286 2 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 286 3 research research NN cord-272728-inndwa61 286 4 support support NN cord-272728-inndwa61 286 5 were be VBD cord-272728-inndwa61 286 6 provided provide VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 286 7 by by IN cord-272728-inndwa61 286 8 state state NN cord-272728-inndwa61 286 9 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 286 10 federal federal JJ cord-272728-inndwa61 286 11 funds fund NNS cord-272728-inndwa61 286 12 appropriated appropriate VBN cord-272728-inndwa61 286 13 to to IN cord-272728-inndwa61 286 14 the the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 286 15 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 16 Agricultural Agricultural NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 17 Research Research NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 18 and and CC cord-272728-inndwa61 286 19 Development Development NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 20 Center Center NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 21 , , , cord-272728-inndwa61 286 22 The the DT cord-272728-inndwa61 286 23 Ohio Ohio NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 24 State State NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 25 University University NNP cord-272728-inndwa61 286 26 . . .