id sid tid token lemma pos cord-312001-8p7scli8 1 1 key key JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 1 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 2 cord-312001 cord-312001 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 4 8p7scli8 8p7scli8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 5 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 6 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 7 Majzoub Majzoub NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 9 Karim Karim NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 10 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 11 Wrensch Wrensch NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 13 Florian Florian NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 14 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 15 Baumert Baumert NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 17 Thomas Thomas NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 18 F. F. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 19 title title NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 2 20 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 3 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 3 2 Innate Innate NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 3 3 Antiviral Antiviral NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 3 4 Response Response NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 3 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 3 6 Animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 3 7 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 1 An an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 2 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 3 Perspective perspective NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 4 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 5 Flagellates Flagellates NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 6 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 7 Humans human NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 8 date date NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 9 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 10 2019 2019 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 12 08 08 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 13 - - SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 14 16 16 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 15 journal journal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 4 16 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 5 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 5 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 5 3 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 6 1 10.3390 10.3390 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 6 2 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 6 3 v11080758 v11080758 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 6 4 sha sha NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 6 5 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 7 1 54458ee775b72a18830ed116a31336638b909fa7 54458ee775b72a18830ed116a31336638b909fa7 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 7 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 7 3 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 7 4 312001 312001 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 7 5 cord_uid cord_uid FW cord-312001-8p7scli8 7 6 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 1 8p7scli8 8p7scli8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 2 Animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 3 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 4 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 5 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 6 dedicated dedicated JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 8 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 9 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 10 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 12 delivering deliver VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 13 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 14 coordinated coordinated JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 15 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 16 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 17 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 18 threats threat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 8 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 2 understanding understanding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 4 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 5 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 6 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 7 almost almost RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 8 entirely entirely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 9 defined define VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 10 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 11 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 13 humans human NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 14 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 15 model model NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 16 organisms organism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 17 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 18 mice mouse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 20 fruit fruit NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 21 flies fly NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 23 worms worm NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 9 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 3 new new JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 4 genomic genomic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 5 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 6 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 7 data datum NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 8 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 9 organisms organism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 10 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 11 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 12 sponges sponge NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 14 anemones anemone NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 16 mollusks mollusk NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 17 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 18 helping help VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 19 redefine redefine VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 21 understanding understanding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 22 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 23 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 24 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 25 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 26 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 28 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 10 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 2 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 3 review review NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 6 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 7 discuss discuss VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 9 current current JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 10 knowledge knowledge NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 13 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 14 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 15 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 16 involved involve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 18 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 20 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 22 inducing induce VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 23 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 24 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 25 counter counter VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 26 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 27 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 28 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 29 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 30 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 11 31 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 2 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 3 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 4 focus focus VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 5 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 6 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 7 central central JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 8 conserved conserved JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 9 players player NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 11 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 12 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 13 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 14 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 15 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 16 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 17 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 19 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 22 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 25 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 26 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 27 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 29 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 32 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 33 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 34 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 36 attempting attempt VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 37 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 38 put put VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 40 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 41 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 42 perspective perspective NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 12 43 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 1 To to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 2 conclude conclude VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 5 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 6 reflect reflect VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 7 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 9 arms arm NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 10 race race NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 11 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 12 exists exist VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 13 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 14 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 17 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 18 hosts host NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 20 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 21 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 22 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 23 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 24 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 25 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 26 diversification diversification NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 27 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 28 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 29 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 30 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 13 31 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 1 These these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 2 concepts concept NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 3 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 4 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 5 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 6 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 7 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 8 understand understand VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 9 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 11 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 12 interactions interaction NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 14 general general JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 15 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 16 may may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 17 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 18 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 19 relevant relevant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 20 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 22 development development NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 23 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 24 novel novel JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 25 curative curative JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 26 approaches approach NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 27 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 28 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 29 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 14 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 2 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 3 kingdom kingdom NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 5 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 6 humans human NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 8 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 9 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 10 while while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 11 facing face VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 12 constant constant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 13 threats threat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 14 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 15 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 16 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 15 17 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 2 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 3 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 6 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 7 cases case NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 9 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 10 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 12 given give VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 13 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 14 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 16 drive drive VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 18 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 20 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 16 22 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 4 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 5 replication replication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 6 may may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 7 cause cause VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 8 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 10 prove prove VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 11 fatal fatal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 12 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 14 hosts host NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 17 15 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 3 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 4 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 5 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 6 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 7 devoted devote VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 8 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 9 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 11 1 1 LS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 13 sense sense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 15 recognize recognize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 16 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 17 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 18 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 20 patterns pattern NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 22 PAMPs PAMPs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 24 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 26 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 27 particularly particularly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 28 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 29 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 31 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 32 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 33 signatures signature NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 34 ; ; , cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 36 2 2 LS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 38 initiate initiate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 39 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 40 cascades cascade NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 41 stemming stem VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 42 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 43 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 44 site site NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 45 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 46 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 47 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 48 translocating translocate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 49 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 50 information information NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 51 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 52 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 53 nucleus nucleus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 54 ; ; , cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 55 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 57 3 3 LS cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 59 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 60 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 61 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 62 program program NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 63 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 64 confers confer VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 65 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 66 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 67 state state NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 68 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 69 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 18 70 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 19 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 19 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 19 3 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 19 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 19 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 3 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 4 closer close JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 5 examination examination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 7 individual individual JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 8 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 9 constituting constitute VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 10 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 12 shows show VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 13 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 14 different different JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 15 conservation conservation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 16 status status NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 17 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 18 different different JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 19 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 20 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 20 21 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 1 While while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 2 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 3 encoding encode VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 5 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 6 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 7 platforms platform NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 8 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 9 generally generally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 10 well well RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 11 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 12 amongst amongst IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 13 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 15 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 17 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 18 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 20 VSGs vsg NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 22 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 23 clearly clearly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 24 less less RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 25 so so RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 26 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 27 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 28 subject subject JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 29 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 30 faster fast JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 31 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 33 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 35 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 21 37 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 2 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 4 one one CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 5 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 6 VSG VSG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 7 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 9 secreted secrete VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 10 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 14 cytokine cytokine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 16 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 17 signals signal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 18 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 19 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 20 autocrine autocrine JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 22 paracrine paracrine JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 23 fashion fashion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 22 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 1 Secreted secrete VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 3 molecules molecule NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 4 bind bind VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 5 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 6 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 8 surface surface NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 9 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 11 initiate initiate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 12 signal signal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 13 transduction transduction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 14 involving involve VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 16 Janus Janus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 17 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 18 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 19 signal signal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 20 transducer transducer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 22 activator activator NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 23 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 24 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 26 JAK JAK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 27 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 28 STAT STAT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 30 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 23 31 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 2 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 3 induces induce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 5 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 8 major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 10 program program NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 11 composed compose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 13 hundreds hundred NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 15 so so RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 17 called call VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 18 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 19 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 20 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 21 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 23 ISGs ISGs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 25 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 26 comprise comprise VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 27 effectors effector NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 29 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 30 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 31 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 32 autonomous autonomous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 33 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 34 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 36 4 4 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 24 38 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 2 lot lot NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 5 understanding understanding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 8 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 10 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 11 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 13 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 14 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 15 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 16 result result NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 18 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 19 conducted conduct VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 21 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 23 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 24 particularly particularly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 25 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 26 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 27 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 25 28 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 4 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 5 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 6 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 7 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 8 heavily heavily RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 9 studied study VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 10 over over IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 12 last last JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 13 60 60 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 14 years year NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 26 15 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 3 during during IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 5 last last JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 6 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 7 decades decade NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 10 came come VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 11 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 12 appreciate appreciate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 13 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 16 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 18 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 20 know know VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 22 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 23 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 24 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 25 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 26 particularity particularity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 27 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 3 while while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 4 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 5 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 6 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 7 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 8 insects insect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 9 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 10 nematodes nematode NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 11 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 12 devoid devoid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 14 IFNs ifn NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 16 rely rely VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 17 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 19 interference interference NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 21 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 23 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 24 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 25 major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 27 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 28 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 29 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 30 others other NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 31 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 32 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 33 mollusks mollusk NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 35 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 36 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 37 all all PDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 38 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 39 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 40 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 41 lead lead VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 42 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 43 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 44 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 45 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 46 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 47 no no DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 48 obvious obvious JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 49 homologs homolog NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 50 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 28 51 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 29 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 29 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 29 3 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 29 4 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 3 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 4 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 5 predicted predict VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 7 use use VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 8 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 11 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 13 cytokine cytokine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 15 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 30 17 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 2 fact fact NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 5 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 6 cytokine cytokine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 7 itself -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 8 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 10 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 11 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 12 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 13 novelty novelty NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 15 however however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 17 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 18 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 19 dictating dictate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 21 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 22 existed exist VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 23 early early RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 24 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 25 metazoan metazoan JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 26 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 28 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 29 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 30 6 6 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 31 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 32 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 32 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 32 3 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 32 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 32 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 3 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 4 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 5 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 7 only only JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 8 VSG VSG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 9 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 10 upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 11 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 12 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 14 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 33 15 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 1 Certain certain JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 2 ISGs isg NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 3 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 4 directly directly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 5 interfere interfere VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 6 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 8 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 9 life life NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 10 cycle cycle NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 11 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 12 Viperin Viperin NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 13 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 14 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 15 immediately immediately RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 16 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 17 after after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 18 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 19 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 21 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 24 independent independent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 25 fashion fashion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 27 7 7 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 30 8 8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 33 9 9 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 34 35 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 2 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 3 review review NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 6 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 7 focus focus VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 8 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 10 conserved conserved JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 12 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 13 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 14 responsible responsible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 15 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 16 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 17 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 18 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 20 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 22 inducing induce VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 24 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 25 upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 26 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 27 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 28 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 35 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 2 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 3 start start VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 4 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 5 describing describe VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 7 current current JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 8 view view NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 9 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 11 immediate immediate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 12 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 17 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 19 kB kB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 20 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 22 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 23 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 36 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 2 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 3 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 4 zoom zoom VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 5 in in RP cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 6 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 7 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 8 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 9 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 10 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 11 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 12 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 13 families family NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 15 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 17 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 18 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 20 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 23 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 24 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 25 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 27 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 28 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 30 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 32 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 33 describe describe VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 35 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 36 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 37 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 38 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 39 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 40 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 42 conservation conservation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 43 across across IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 44 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 45 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 37 46 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 1 Next next RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 4 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 5 focus focus VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 6 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 8 central central JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 9 hub hub NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 12 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 13 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 14 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 15 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 16 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 17 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 19 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 20 stimulator stimulator NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 21 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 23 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 25 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 38 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 2 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 3 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 4 examine examine VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 5 how how WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 7 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 8 conflicts conflict NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 9 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 10 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 12 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 13 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 14 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 15 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 16 shaping shape VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 18 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 19 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 20 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 39 21 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 2 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 3 transposable transposable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 4 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 5 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 6 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 7 powerful powerful JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 8 drivers driver NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 10 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 12 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 14 19 19 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 40 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 4 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 5 replication replication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 7 spread spread NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 8 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 9 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 10 catastrophic catastrophic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 11 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 12 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 13 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 41 14 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 3 therefore therefore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 4 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 5 surprising surprising JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 6 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 7 every every DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 8 known know VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 9 living live VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 10 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 11 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 13 planet planet NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 14 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 15 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 16 measures measure NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 17 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 18 recognize recognize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 20 counteract counteract VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 21 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 23 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 42 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 3 suggested suggest VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 4 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 5 anti anti JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 6 - - NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 7 sense sense JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 8 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 9 targeting targeting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 11 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 12 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 13 acids acid NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 14 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 16 most most RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 17 primordial primordial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 18 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 19 protocells protocell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 20 used use VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 21 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 22 fend fend VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 23 off off RP cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 24 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 25 threats threat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 27 18 18 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 43 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 3 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 4 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 5 Argonaute Argonaute NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 7 CRISPR CRISPR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 9 based base VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 10 defenses defense NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 14 archaea archaea NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 16 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 17 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 18 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 19 plants plant NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 20 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 21 all all DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 22 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 23 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 24 rely rely VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 25 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 26 anti anti JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 27 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 28 sense sense JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 29 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 30 acids acid NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 31 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 32 program program VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 33 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 34 nuclease nuclease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 35 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 36 target target VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 37 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 38 degrade degrade VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 39 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 40 complementary complementary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 41 invading invade VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 42 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 43 genome genome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 45 20 20 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 48 21 21 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 51 22 22 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 44 53 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 1 Because because IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 2 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 5 core core NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 6 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 7 machinery machinery NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 8 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 9 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 10 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 11 found find VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 13 all all DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 14 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 15 superkingdoms superkingdom NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 18 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 19 thought think VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 20 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 21 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 23 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 24 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 25 predated predate VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 26 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 27 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 29 pattern pattern NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 31 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 32 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 34 PRR)-based prr)-based JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 35 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 37 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 38 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 41 23 23 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 45 43 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 4 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 6 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 7 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 8 diversified diversify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 9 greatly greatly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 10 during during IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 11 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 13 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 14 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 15 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 16 maintaining maintain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 17 RNAi rnai NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 19 based base VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 20 defenses defense NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 22 24 24 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 24 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 25 others other NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 26 innovating innovate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 27 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 28 adopting adopt VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 29 completely completely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 30 novel novel JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 31 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 32 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 46 33 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 2 chordates chordate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 3 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 4 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 5 particularly particularly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 7 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 8 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 11 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 15 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 17 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 18 recombinational recombinational JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 19 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 20 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 21 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 22 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 23 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 24 coincide coincide VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 25 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 26 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 27 loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 29 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 30 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 31 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 32 main main JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 33 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 34 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 35 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 36 somatic somatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 37 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 47 38 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 1 There there EX cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 3 strong strong JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 4 evidence evidence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 6 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 7 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 8 incompatibility incompatibility NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 9 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 10 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 12 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 15 PRR PRR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 17 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 18 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 48 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 2 instance instance NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 4 while while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 5 long long JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 6 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 7 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 8 produce produce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 9 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 10 small small JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 11 interfering interfere VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 12 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 14 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 16 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 17 stem stem NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 18 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 19 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 20 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 21 absence absence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 22 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 23 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 25 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 26 same same JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 27 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 28 molecule molecule NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 29 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 30 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 31 processed process VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 32 onto onto IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 33 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 34 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 35 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 36 sensed sense VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 37 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 38 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 39 PAMP pamp NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 40 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 41 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 42 somatic somatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 43 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 45 25 25 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 46 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 47 26 26 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 49 49 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 3 experimental experimental JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 4 evidence evidence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 7 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 8 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 9 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 10 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 11 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 12 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 13 limited limit VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 14 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 15 specialized specialized JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 16 pluripotent pluripotent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 17 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 18 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 19 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 20 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 21 PRR PRR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 22 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 23 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 24 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 25 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 26 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 27 fully fully RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 28 deployed deploy VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 29 yet yet RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 50 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 2 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 4 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 8 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 10 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 13 somatic somatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 14 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 15 recombination recombination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 16 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 18 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 21 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 22 constituted constitute VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 23 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 24 major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 26 event event NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 27 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 28 dispensed dispense VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 29 them -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 30 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 31 using use VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 32 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 33 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 34 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 35 purposes purpose NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 51 36 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 3 retrotransposition retrotransposition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 5 selfish selfish JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 6 transposable transposable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 7 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 8 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 9 determinants determinant NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 12 acquisition acquisition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 14 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 15 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 16 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 18 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 21 27 27 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 24 28 28 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 27 29 29 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 52 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 2 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 4 somatic somatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 5 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 6 recombination recombination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 8 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 9 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 10 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 11 considered consider VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 12 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 13 " " `` cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 14 immunological immunological JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 15 Big Big NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 16 Bang Bang NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 17 " " '' cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 19 28 28 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 20 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 21 30 30 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 53 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 3 somatic somatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 4 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 5 recombination recombination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 7 specialized specialized NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 8 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 10 T T NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 11 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 12 lineages lineage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 13 provided provide VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 14 jawed jawed JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 15 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 16 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 17 large large JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 18 repertoires repertoire NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 19 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 20 major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 21 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 22 complexes complex NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 24 MHC MHC NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 26 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 27 T t NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 28 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 29 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 30 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 32 TCRs TCRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 34 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 35 immunoglobulins immunoglobulin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 37 Igs Igs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 54 39 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 1 Until until IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 2 relatively relatively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 3 recently recently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 5 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 6 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 7 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 8 believed believe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 10 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 11 exclusive exclusive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 12 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 13 gnathostomes gnathostome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 15 jawed jawed JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 16 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 55 18 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 2 now now RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 3 know know VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 4 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 5 agnathans agnathans NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 7 jawless jawless JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 8 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 11 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 12 lampreys lamprey NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 14 hagfish hagfish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 16 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 17 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 18 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 19 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 20 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 21 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 22 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 23 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 24 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 25 specialized specialized JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 26 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 27 termed term VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 28 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 29 VLRA VLRA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 30 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 31 VLRB VLRB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 32 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 33 VLRC VLRC NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 34 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 36 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 37 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 38 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 39 variable variable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 40 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 41 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 43 VLRs VLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 45 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 46 produced produce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 47 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 48 somatic somatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 49 leucine leucine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 50 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 51 rich rich JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 52 repeat repeat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 54 LRR LRR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 56 rearrangements rearrangement NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 58 30 30 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 56 60 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 2 both both DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 3 gnathostomes gnathostome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 5 agnathans agnathans NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 7 somatic somatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 8 recombination recombination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 9 events event NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 11 specialized specialized JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 12 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 13 permitted permit VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 14 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 17 tailored tailor VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 18 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 20 endowed endow VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 21 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 22 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 23 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 24 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 25 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 26 memory memory NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 57 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 1 Until until IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 3 end end NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 6 last last JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 7 century century NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 9 most most JJS cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 10 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 11 immunologists immunologist NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 12 concentrated concentrate VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 14 efforts effort NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 15 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 16 studying study VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 17 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 18 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 19 arm arm NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 20 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 22 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 23 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 58 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 1 Nearly nearly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 2 30 30 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 3 years year NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 4 ago ago RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 6 Charles Charles NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 7 Janeway Janeway NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 8 predicted predict VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 10 presence presence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 12 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 14 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 15 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 16 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 17 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 18 detects detect VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 19 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 20 microbial microbial NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 22 danger danger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 23 signals signal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 25 termed term VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 26 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 27 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 28 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 29 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 30 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 31 patterns pattern NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 33 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 35 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 36 danger danger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 37 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 38 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 39 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 40 patterns pattern NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 42 DAMPs damp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 44 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 45 respectively respectively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 59 46 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 1 Janeway Janeway NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 2 predicted predict VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 3 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 4 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 5 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 6 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 7 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 8 precedes precede VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 10 instructs instruct VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 13 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 15 31 31 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 17 32 32 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 20 posited posit VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 21 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 22 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 24 DAMPs damp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 25 must must MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 26 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 27 sensed sense VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 28 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 29 germ germ NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 31 line line NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 32 encoded encode VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 33 PRRs prr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 60 34 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 1 At at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 2 that that DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 3 time time NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 6 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 7 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 8 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 9 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 10 severely severely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 11 understudied understudied JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 13 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 15 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 17 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 18 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 19 respective respective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 20 functions function NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 22 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 23 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 24 completely completely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 25 unknown unknown JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 61 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 2 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 4 immense immense JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 5 leap leap NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 6 forward forward IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 8 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 9 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 10 field field NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 11 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 12 experienced experience VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 15 last last JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 16 three three CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 17 decades decade NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 62 18 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 1 Today today NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 4 know know VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 5 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 6 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 7 share share VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 8 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 9 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 10 invertebrate invertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 11 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 12 specialized specialize VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 13 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 14 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 15 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 16 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 17 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 18 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 19 discriminate discriminate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 20 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 21 self self NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 23 non non JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 24 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 25 self self JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 63 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 1 By by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 2 recognizing recognize VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 3 general general JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 4 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 6 patterns pattern NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 8 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 10 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 12 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 13 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 15 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 19 danger danger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 20 signals signal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 22 DAMPs damp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 25 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 26 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 27 establish establish VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 28 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 29 immediate immediate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 30 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 31 general general JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 32 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 33 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 34 translated translate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 35 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 36 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 37 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 38 and/or and/or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 39 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 40 state state NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 64 41 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 1 Although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 2 mainly mainly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 3 studied study VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 4 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 5 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 8 machineries machinery NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 9 responsible responsible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 10 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 11 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 12 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 13 transcend transcend VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 14 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 15 group group NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 17 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 18 fairly fairly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 19 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 21 all all DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 22 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 65 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 2 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 3 describe describe VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 4 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 5 particular particular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 6 arm arm NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 9 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 10 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 13 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 14 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 16 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 17 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 18 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 19 best well RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 20 studied study VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 22 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 66 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 2 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 4 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 5 represent represent VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 6 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 7 unique unique JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 8 challenge challenge NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 9 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 10 PRRs prr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 11 because because IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 13 possess possess VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 14 few few JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 15 unique unique JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 16 signatures signature NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 17 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 18 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 19 serve serve VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 20 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 21 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 23 33 33 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 67 25 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 3 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 4 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 5 acids acid NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 7 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 8 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 11 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 12 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 13 peculiar peculiar JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 14 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 15 features feature NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 16 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 17 differentiate differentiate VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 18 them -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 19 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 20 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 21 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 24 34 34 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 68 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 3 molecules molecule NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 5 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 6 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 9 lack lack NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 12 7-methylguanosine 7-methylguanosine CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 13 cap cap NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 14 structure structure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 16 double double JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 17 strandedness strandedness NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 18 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 19 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 20 trior trior JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 21 bi bi NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 22 - - NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 23 phosphorylation phosphorylation JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 24 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 26 ends end NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 27 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 28 often often RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 29 used use VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 30 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 31 PRRs prr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 32 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 33 self self NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 34 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 35 non non JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 36 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 37 self self JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 38 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 39 discrimination discrimination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 69 40 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 1 PRRs prr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 2 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 3 detect detect VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 4 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 5 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 6 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 7 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 8 classified classify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 9 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 10 four four CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 11 families family NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 12 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 13 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 15 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 17 AIM2-like aim2-like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 18 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 20 ALRs alr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 23 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 24 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 25 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 26 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 27 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 29 35 35 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 70 31 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 1 After after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 2 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 3 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 5 PRR PRR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 8 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 9 directly directly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 10 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 11 indirectly indirectly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 12 induces induce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 13 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 14 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 16 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 17 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 19 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 20 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 22 IRFs IRFs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 24 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 25 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 26 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 27 k k NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 28 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 71 29 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 72 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 72 2 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 72 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 72 4 kB kB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 72 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 1 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 2 upregulate upregulate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 3 expression expression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 5 VSGs vsg NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 6 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 7 pro pro JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 8 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 9 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 10 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 73 11 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 1 Another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 2 class class NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 4 PRRs prr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 5 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 6 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 7 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 9 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 12 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 14 activated activate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 15 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 16 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 17 R r NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 19 PKR PKR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 20 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 21 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 22 known know VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 23 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 24 eIF2AK2 eIF2AK2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 26 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 27 adenosine adenosine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 28 deaminase deaminase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 29 acting act VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 30 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 32 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 34 ADAR1 ADAR1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 36 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 37 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 38 -5 -5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 39 -oligoadenylate -oligoadenylate HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 40 synthetase synthetase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 41 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 43 OAS1 OAS1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 45 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 46 contribute contribute VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 47 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 48 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 49 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 51 34 34 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 74 53 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 1 These these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 2 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 3 recognize recognize VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 4 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 5 signatures signature NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 6 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 7 however however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 10 main main JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 11 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 12 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 13 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 14 necessarily necessarily RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 15 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 16 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 17 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 18 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 19 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 20 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 22 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 23 rather rather RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 24 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 25 directly directly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 26 attack attack VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 27 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 28 RNA rna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 29 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 30 degrading degrade VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 32 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 33 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 35 translation translation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 75 36 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 2 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 3 reason reason NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 5 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 6 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 7 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 8 usually usually RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 9 considered consider VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 76 11 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 2 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 3 obligatory obligatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 4 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 5 parasites parasite NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 7 therefore therefore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 9 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 10 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 11 PRRs prr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 12 most most RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 13 often often RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 14 occurs occur VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 15 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 17 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 18 milieu milieu NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 77 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 1 Endosomal Endosomal NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 2 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 3 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 5 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 6 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 8 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 10 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 11 recognize recognize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 12 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 15 endosome endosome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 16 lumen lumen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 18 36 36 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 78 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 79 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 79 2 37 37 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 79 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 79 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 79 5 38 38 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 79 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 79 7 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 80 1 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 80 2 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 80 3 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 3 39 39 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 6 melanoma melanoma NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 7 differentiation differentiation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 8 associated associate VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 9 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 10 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 15 40 40 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 19 laboratory laboratory NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 20 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 21 genetics genetic NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 23 physiology physiology NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 24 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 26 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 81 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 2 41,42 41,42 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 4 detect detect VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 5 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 6 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 9 cytosol cytosol NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 11 whereas whereas IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 12 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 13 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 14 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 15 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 16 mainly mainly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 17 recognized recognize VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 18 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 19 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 20 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 21 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 22 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 23 AMP AMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 25 cGAMP cGAMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 27 synthase synthase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 29 cGAS cga VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 32 43 43 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 82 34 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 4 nature nature NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 7 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 8 particle particle NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 10 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 12 enveloped envelop VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 13 vs. vs. IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 14 non non JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 15 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 16 enveloped enveloped JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 19 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 20 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 21 genome genome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 23 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 25 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 26 vs. vs. FW cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 29 dictates dictate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 30 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 31 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 32 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 33 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 34 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 35 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 36 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 83 37 first first RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 3 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 4 _SP cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 5 Single Single NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 7 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 10 ssRNA ssrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 12 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 13 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 14 potent potent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 15 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 17 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 18 ligand ligand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 20 while while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 21 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 22 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 23 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 24 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 25 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 84 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 1 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 3 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 4 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 6 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 7 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 8 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 9 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 10 Reoviruses Reoviruses NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 12 36 36 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 15 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 16 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 17 probably probably RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 18 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 19 recognize recognize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 20 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 21 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 22 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 24 + + CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 26 strand strand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 28 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 85 29 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 1 coxsackievirus coxsackievirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 2 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 3 West West NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 4 Nile Nile NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 5 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 86 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 2 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 4 strand strand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 6 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 7 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 9 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 10 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 11 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 12 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 14 HRSV HRSV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 87 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 88 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 88 2 46 46 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 88 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 88 4 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 3 all all DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 5 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 6 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 7 thought think VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 8 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 9 produce produce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 10 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 11 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 12 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 13 part part NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 16 replication replication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 17 cycle cycle NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 19 so so RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 20 both both DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 89 21 ssRNA ssRNA . cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 1 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 2 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 3 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 4 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 6 potential potential NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 7 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 8 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 9 sensed sense VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 10 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 11 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 90 12 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 1 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 2 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 3 8 8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 5 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 7 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 8 hand hand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 10 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 11 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 12 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 13 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 14 prefer prefer VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 15 ssRNA ssrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 16 ligands ligand NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 17 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 91 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 1 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 3 strand strand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 5 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 6 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 7 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 8 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 9 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 10 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 12 VSV VSV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 15 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 16 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 17 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 19 IAV IAV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 22 37 37 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 24 47 47 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 92 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 1 When when WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 3 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 4 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 5 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 7 most most JJS cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 9 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 10 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 11 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 12 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 13 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 14 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 15 detected detect VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 16 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 17 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 18 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 19 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 20 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 21 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 22 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 23 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 24 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 25 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 26 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 27 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 28 high high JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 29 affinity affinity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 30 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 31 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 93 32 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 1 While while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 2 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 3 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 5 prefers prefer VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 6 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 7 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 8 bearing bear VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 9 di di NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 10 - - , cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 11 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 12 tri tri JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 13 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 14 phosphate phosphate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 15 groups group NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 16 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 18 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 19 _SP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 20 While while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 22 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 23 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 24 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 25 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 27 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 28 almost almost RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 29 exclusively exclusively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 30 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 31 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 32 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 33 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 34 several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 35 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 36 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 37 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 38 proposed propose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 39 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 40 play play VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 41 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 42 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 43 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 44 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 45 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 46 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 47 triggering trigger VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 48 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 49 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 50 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 51 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 52 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 53 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 54 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 55 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 56 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 57 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 58 activator activator NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 59 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 60 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 61 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 62 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 63 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 65 DAI DAI NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 67 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 68 DDX41 DDX41 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 69 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 70 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 71 polymerase polymerase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 72 III III NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 73 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 74 IFI16 ifi16 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 75 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 76 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 77 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 78 PK pk NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 79 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 80 62 62 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 81 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 82 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 83 63 63 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 84 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 85 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 86 64 64 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 87 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 88 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 89 65 65 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 94 90 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 95 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 95 2 66 66 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 95 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 95 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 95 5 67 67 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 95 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 95 7 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 3 among among IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 4 all all PDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 6 proposed propose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 9 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 10 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 11 knock knock NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 12 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 13 outs out NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 14 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 15 completely completely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 16 shut shut VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 17 down down RP cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 18 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 19 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 21 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 22 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 23 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 24 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 26 43 43 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 96 28 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 2 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 3 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 4 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 5 now now RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 6 thought think VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 7 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 8 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 10 major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 11 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 12 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 13 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 15 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 16 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 17 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 18 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 19 detect detect VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 20 adenovirus adenovirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 22 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 23 papillomavirus papillomavirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 25 HPV HPV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 28 herpes herpes NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 29 simplex simplex NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 30 virus-1 virus-1 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 32 HSV-1 hsv-1 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 34 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 35 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 37 CMV CMV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 97 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 2 43 43 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 5 68 68 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 8 69 69 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 11 70 70 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 98 13 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 1 AIM2 AIM2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 2 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 3 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 4 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 5 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 7 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 9 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 10 upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 11 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 12 stimulation stimulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 14 71 71 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 16 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 17 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 18 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 19 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 20 discussed discuss VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 22 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 23 review review NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 99 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 2 ligands ligand NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 3 cause cause VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 5 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 6 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 7 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 9 7 7 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 11 8 8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 12 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 13 dimerize dimerize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 15 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 16 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 17 oligomerize oligomerize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 18 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 20 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 21 TIR tir NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 23 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 24 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 25 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 26 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 28 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 100 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 2 allows allow VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 3 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 4 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 5 recruit recruit VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 6 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 7 adaptors adaptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 8 via via IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 9 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 11 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 12 interactions interaction NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 14 35 35 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 101 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 102 1 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 102 2 recruits recruit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 102 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 102 4 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 102 5 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 102 6 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 2 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 4 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 6 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 7 adapter adapter NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 9 inducing induce VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 10 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 12 β β NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 15 72 72 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 17 73 73 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 103 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 1 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 3 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 4 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 5 play play VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 6 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 7 dual dual JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 8 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 9 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 10 inducing induce VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 13 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 15 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 17 kB kB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 18 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 104 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 1 When when WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 3 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 4 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 5 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 7 after after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 8 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 10 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 11 recruits recruit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 13 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 105 14 ligase ligase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 106 1 TRAF3 TRAF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 2 tumor tumor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 3 necrosis necrosis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 4 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 5 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 7 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 8 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 9 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 11 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 12 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 13 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 14 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 15 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 16 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 17 turn turn NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 107 18 recruits recruit NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 1 TANK tank NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 2 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 3 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 4 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 5 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 7 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 10 74 74 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 12 75 75 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 108 14 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 2 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 3 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 4 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 5 complex complex NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 6 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 7 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 8 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 10 phosphorylate phosphorylate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 12 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 13 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 14 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 16 triggering trigger VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 18 dimerization dimerization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 20 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 21 translocation translocation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 109 22 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 1 Phosphorylated Phosphorylated NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 2 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 3 dimers dimer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 4 specifically specifically RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 5 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 6 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 7 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 9 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 10 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 11 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 13 ISREs ISREs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 15 present present JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 16 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 17 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 18 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 19 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 20 β β NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 21 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 22 promoter promoter NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 23 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 24 leads lead VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 25 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 26 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 27 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 29 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 30 cytokine cytokine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 32 76 76 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 110 34 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 111 1 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 111 2 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 111 3 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 111 4 recruit recruit VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 111 5 RIPK1 RIPK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 2 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 4 interacting interact VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 5 serine serine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 6 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 7 threonine threonine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 9 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 10 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 11 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 13 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 14 leads lead VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 15 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 17 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 19 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 20 IKK IKK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 21 complex complex NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 22 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 23 releasing release VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 24 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 25 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 27 kB kb CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 28 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 29 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 30 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 32 IkB ikb NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 33 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 34 subunit subunit NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 35 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 36 resulting result VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 37 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 38 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 39 translocation translocation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 40 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 41 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 42 nucleus nucleus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 43 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 44 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 45 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 46 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 47 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 48 pro pro JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 49 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 50 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 51 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 53 17 17 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 112 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 113 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 113 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 113 3 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 113 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 113 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 2 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 5 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 7 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 9 TLR8 TLR8 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 10 recruits recruit NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 12 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 13 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 14 MyD88 MyD88 NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 16 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 17 differentiation differentiation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 18 primary primary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 19 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 20 88 88 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 22 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 23 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 24 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 25 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 26 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 27 interaction interaction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 114 28 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 1 MyD88 myd88 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 2 death death NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 3 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 4 oligomerize oligomerize NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 5 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 6 triggers trigger VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 8 formation formation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 11 Myddosome Myddosome NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 12 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 13 complex complex NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 14 consisting consisting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 15 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 16 MyD88 MyD88 NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 17 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 19 IRAK IRAK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 20 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 21 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 22 kinases kinase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 24 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 25 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 27 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 28 kinases kinase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 30 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 31 IRAK IRAK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 32 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 33 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 34 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 35 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 36 4 4 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 115 37 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 1 Through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 2 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 3 series series NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 5 phosphorylations phosphorylation NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 8 help help NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 11 E3 E3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 12 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 13 ligase ligase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 14 TRAF6 traf6 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 17 Myddosome Myddosome NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 18 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 19 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 20 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 21 recruit recruit VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 23 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 24 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 25 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 26 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 27 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 28 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 29 IRF5 IRF5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 30 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 31 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 32 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 33 kB kB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 34 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 35 translocate translocate VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 36 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 37 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 38 nucleus nucleus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 39 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 40 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 41 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 42 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 43 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 44 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 45 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 46 α α NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 47 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 48 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 49 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 50 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 51 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 53 77 77 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 56 78 78 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 59 79 79 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 116 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 117 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 117 2 80 80 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 117 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 118 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 118 2 81 81 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 118 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 119 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 119 2 82 82 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 119 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 120 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 120 2 83 83 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 120 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 121 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 121 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 121 3 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 121 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 121 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 1 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 3 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 4 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 5 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 7 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 9 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 11 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 12 characterized characterize VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 13 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 14 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 15 central central JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 16 DEAD DEAD NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 17 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 18 box box NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 19 helicase helicase NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 20 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 21 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 22 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 24 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 25 C c NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 27 terminal terminal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 28 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 29 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 31 CTD CTD NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 33 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 34 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 36 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 37 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 38 autorepression autorepression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 39 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 40 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 41 absence absence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 42 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 44 ligands ligand NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 122 45 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 1 With with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 3 exception exception NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 5 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 7 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 8 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 9 possess possess VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 10 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 11 N n CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 12 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 13 terminal terminal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 14 caspase caspase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 15 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 17 recruitment recruitment NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 18 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 20 CARDs card NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 123 22 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 1 Upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 3 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 4 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 5 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 7 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 8 remodeled remodel VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 9 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 10 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 11 active active JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 12 conformation conformation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 14 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 16 CTD CTD NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 17 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 18 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 19 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 20 organize organize VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 21 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 22 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 23 ring ring NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 24 around around IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 25 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 27 ligand ligand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 28 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 29 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 30 CARD card NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 31 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 32 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 33 exposed expose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 35 84 84 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 36 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 37 85 85 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 39 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 40 facilitate facilitate VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 42 interactions interaction NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 43 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 44 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 45 CARD card NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 46 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 47 resulting result VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 48 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 49 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 50 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 51 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 52 tetramers tetramer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 124 53 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 1 Although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 2 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 3 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 4 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 5 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 7 share share VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 8 similar similar JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 9 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 10 architectures architecture NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 13 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 15 prefer prefer VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 16 longer long RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 17 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 19 assembling assemble VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 20 along along IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 21 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 22 molecules molecule NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 23 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 24 form form VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 25 helical helical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 26 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 27 filamentous filamentous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 28 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 30 86 86 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 31 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 32 87 87 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 125 34 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 2 poly poly JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 4 ubiquitination ubiquitination JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 5 reaction reaction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 6 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 7 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 8 ligases ligase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 9 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 10 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 12 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 14 tripartite tripartite JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 15 motif motif NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 16 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 17 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 18 25 25 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 20 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 21 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 22 thought think VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 23 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 24 enhance enhance VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 25 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 26 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 27 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 28 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 29 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 30 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 32 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 34 88 88 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 126 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 2 89 89 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 5 90 90 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 8 91 91 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 127 10 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 1 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 2 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 3 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 5 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 6 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 7 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 8 serve serve VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 9 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 10 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 11 scaffold scaffold NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 12 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 13 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 14 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 16 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 17 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 18 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 20 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 22 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 23 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 25 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 26 known know VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 27 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 28 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 29 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 30 VISA VISA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 31 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 32 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 33 CARDIF CARDIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 36 92 92 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 39 93 93 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 42 94 94 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 128 44 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 1 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 2 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 3 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 4 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 5 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 6 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 7 critical critical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 8 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 9 mounting mount VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 10 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 11 efficient efficient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 12 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 13 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 14 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 15 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 16 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 17 several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 19 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 21 95 95 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 129 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 2 C c NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 4 terminal terminal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 5 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 6 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 7 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 8 inserted insert VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 9 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 11 outer outer JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 12 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 13 membrane membrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 15 96 96 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 18 whereas whereas IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 20 N n CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 21 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 22 terminal terminal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 23 CARD card NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 24 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 25 mediates mediate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 27 aggregation aggregation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 28 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 29 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 30 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 31 surface surface NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 32 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 33 interacting interact VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 34 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 35 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 36 tandem tandem NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 37 CARDs card NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 38 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 39 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 40 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 41 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 42 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 43 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 44 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 46 97 97 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 47 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 48 98 98 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 130 50 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 1 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 2 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 3 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 4 recruit recruit VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 5 several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 6 E3 e3 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 7 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 8 ligases ligase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 9 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 10 TRAF2 TRAF2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 12 TRAF5 TRAF5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 14 TRAF6 traf6 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 131 15 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 1 Although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 2 TRAF TRAF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 5 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 6 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 7 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 8 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 9 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 10 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 11 downstream downstream JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 12 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 15 ubiquitination ubiquitination JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 16 targets target NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 18 TRAF TRAF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 19 remain remain VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 20 unknown unknown JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 22 99 99 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 132 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 4 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 5 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 6 NEMO NEMO NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 8 NF nf NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 10 κB κb CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 11 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 12 modulator modulator NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 14 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 15 known know VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 16 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 17 IKKγ IKKγ NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 20 100 100 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 22 101 101 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 24 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 25 then then RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 26 recruited recruit VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 27 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 28 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 29 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 30 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 31 TRAFs TRAFs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 32 complex complex JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 33 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 34 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 35 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 36 turn turn NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 37 recruits recruit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 38 IKK IKK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 39 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 40 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 41 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 42 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 43 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 44 complex complex JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 45 leading lead VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 46 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 47 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 48 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 49 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 50 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 51 kB kB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 52 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 53 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 54 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 55 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 56 translocation translocation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 57 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 58 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 59 nucleus nucleus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 60 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 61 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 62 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 63 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 64 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 65 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 66 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 67 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 68 99 99 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 69 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 70 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 71 100 100 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 72 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 73 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 74 101 101 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 75 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 76 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 77 102 102 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 78 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 79 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 80 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 81 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 82 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 133 83 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 1 After after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 2 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 3 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 4 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 5 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 6 discovered discover VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 8 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 9 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 10 identified identify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 11 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 12 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 13 third third JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 14 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 15 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 16 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 17 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 18 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 19 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 20 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 21 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 22 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 24 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 25 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 27 103 103 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 28 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 29 104 104 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 134 31 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 1 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 3 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 4 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 5 reticulum reticulum NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 7 ER ER NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 9 resident resident NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 10 membrane membrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 11 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 12 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 13 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 14 C C NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 15 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 17 N N NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 19 termini termini NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 135 20 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 1 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 2 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 3 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 4 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 5 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 6 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 7 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 8 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 9 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 13 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 15 different different JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 16 tissues tissue NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 18 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 19 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 20 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 22 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 23 crucial crucial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 24 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 25 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 26 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 27 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 28 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 29 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 30 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 31 HSV-1 HSV-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 33 105 105 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 136 35 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 1 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 2 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 3 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 4 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 5 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 7 sense sense VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 8 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 9 dinucleotides dinucleotide NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 11 CDNs CDNs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 14 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 15 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 17 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 18 messengers messenger NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 19 known know VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 20 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 21 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 22 produced produce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 23 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 24 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 25 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 26 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 27 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 28 monocytogenes monocytogenes NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 30 106 106 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 33 107 107 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 36 108 108 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 39 109 109 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 137 41 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 1 Although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 3 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 4 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 5 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 6 CDNs cdn NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 8 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 9 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 10 unable unable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 11 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 12 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 13 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 15 relies rely VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 16 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 17 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 18 upstream upstream JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 19 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 20 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 21 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 23 43 43 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 138 25 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 1 cGAS cGAS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 3 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 4 enzyme enzyme NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 5 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 6 contains contain VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 8 nucleotidyltransferase nucleotidyltransferase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 10 NTase NTase NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 12 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 14 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 15 synthesize synthesize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 17 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 18 messenger messenger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 19 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 20 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 21 -cyclic -cyclic NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 22 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 24 AMP AMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 26 cGAMP cGAMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 28 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 29 ATP ATP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 30 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 31 GTP GTP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 32 upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 33 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 34 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 36 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 37 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 139 39 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 1 Loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 2 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 3 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 4 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 5 various various JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 6 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 7 lines line NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 9 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 11 vivo vivo NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 12 results result NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 14 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 15 complete complete JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 16 loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 140 18 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 3 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 4 upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 5 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 6 delivery delivery NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 7 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 8 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 9 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 11 110 110 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 13 111 111 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 141 15 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 1 cGAS cGAS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 2 preferentially preferentially RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 3 binds bind VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 4 longer long JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 5 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 7 > > NFP cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 8 45 45 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 9 bp bp NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 11 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 12 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 13 dimer dimer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 15 form form VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 16 stable stable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 17 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 19 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 20 ladder ladder NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 21 networks network NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 22 responsible responsible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 23 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 24 strong strong JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 25 cGAMP cGAMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 26 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 28 112 112 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 29 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 30 113 113 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 142 32 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 2 unique unique JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 3 cGAMP cGAMP NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 4 isomer isomer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 5 termed term VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 6 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 7 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 8 -cGAMP -cGAMP NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 9 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 10 particular particular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 11 phosphodiester phosphodiester NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 143 12 linkages linkage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 1 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 2 produced produce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 3 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 4 cGAS cga VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 6 114 114 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 8 115 115 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 144 10 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 1 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 2 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 3 -cGAMP -cGAMP NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 4 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 5 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 6 potent potent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 7 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 8 ligand ligand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 10 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 12 higher high JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 13 affinity affinity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 14 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 15 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 16 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 17 than than IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 18 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 19 cGAMP cGAMP NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 20 molecules molecule NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 21 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 22 different different JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 23 phosphodiester phosphodiester NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 24 linkages linkage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 25 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 26 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 27 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 28 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 29 -cGAMP -cGAMP NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 30 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 31 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 32 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 33 -cGAMP -cGAMP NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 34 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 35 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 36 CDNs cdns XX cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 38 70 70 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 39 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 40 115 115 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 145 42 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 1 Apart apart RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 2 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 3 activating activate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 4 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 7 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 8 where where WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 9 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 10 initially initially RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 11 detects detect VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 12 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 13 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 15 cGAMP cGAMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 16 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 17 messengers messenger NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 18 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 19 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 20 travel travel VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 21 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 22 neighboring neighboring NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 23 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 25 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 26 gap gap NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 27 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 28 junctions junction NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 30 114 114 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 32 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 33 after after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 34 being be VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 35 packaged package VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 36 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 37 newly newly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 38 formed form VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 39 virions virion NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 41 116 116 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 42 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 43 117 117 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 146 45 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 2 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 3 transfer transfer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 5 free free JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 6 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 7 packaged package VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 8 cGAMP cGAMP NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 9 permits permit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 10 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 11 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 12 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 13 mount mount VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 14 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 15 preventive preventive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 16 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 17 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 19 protecting protect VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 20 them -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 21 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 22 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 23 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 24 providing provide VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 25 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 26 faster fast JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 27 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 28 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 29 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 30 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 31 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 32 encode encode VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 33 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 34 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 147 35 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 1 Upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 2 cGAMP cGAMP NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 3 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 5 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 6 undergoes undergo VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 8 conformational conformational JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 9 change change NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 10 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 11 results result VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 13 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 14 release release NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 15 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 17 C c NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 19 terminal terminal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 20 tail tail NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 22 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 24 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 26 autoinhibitory autoinhibitory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 27 state state NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 28 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 29 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 30 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 31 formation formation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 32 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 33 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 34 homodimers homodimer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 35 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 36 translocate translocate VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 37 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 38 perinuclear perinuclear NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 39 regions region NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 40 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 41 colocalize colocalize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 42 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 43 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 45 105 105 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 46 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 47 118 118 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 48 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 49 119 119 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 148 51 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 1 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 2 recruitment recruitment NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 3 results result NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 4 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 6 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 8 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 11 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 12 site site NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 13 serves serve VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 14 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 15 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 16 platform platform NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 17 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 18 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 19 dimerization dimerization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 21 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 22 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 23 ultimately ultimately RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 24 results result VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 25 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 26 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 27 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 28 β β NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 29 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 31 120 120 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 149 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 150 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 150 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 150 3 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 150 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 150 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 1 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 2 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 3 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 4 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 5 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 7 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 8 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 10 kB kB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 12 MAP MAP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 13 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 15 STAT6 stat6 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 16 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 18 as as RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 19 well well RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 20 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 22 stimulation stimulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 23 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 24 LC3 LC3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 25 puncta puncta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 26 formation formation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 28 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 29 hallmark hallmark NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 30 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 31 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 32 autophagosome autophagosome JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 33 formation formation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 35 119 119 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 36 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 38 121 121 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 41 122 122 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 44 123 123 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 151 46 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 4 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 6 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 7 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 8 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 9 induces induce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 10 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 11 non non AFX cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 12 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 14 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 15 remain remain VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 16 poorly poorly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 17 understood understand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 152 18 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 1 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 2 comprise comprise VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 3 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 4 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 5 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 7 membrane membrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 9 spanning span VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 11 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 12 recognize recognize VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 13 ligands ligand NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 14 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 16 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 17 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 19 initiate initiate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 20 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 21 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 22 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 23 upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 24 stimulation stimulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 26 see see VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 27 above above RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 153 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 2 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 3 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 4 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 5 first first RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 6 identified identify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 7 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 8 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 9 developmentally developmentally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 10 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 11 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 13 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 15 1985 1985 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 17 124 124 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 154 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 3 mid-1990s mid-1990 NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 5 discovery discovery NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 6 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 7 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 8 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 9 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 10 plays play VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 11 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 12 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 13 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 16 ability ability NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 18 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 19 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 20 resist resist VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 21 fungal fungal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 22 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 23 connected connect VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 24 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 25 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 26 first first JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 27 time time NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 28 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 29 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 30 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 31 innate innate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 32 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 34 125 125 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 36 126 126 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 155 38 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 1 Although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 2 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 3 flies fly NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 4 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 5 functions function NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 6 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 8 cytokine cytokine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 9 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 12 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 13 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 14 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 16 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 18 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 19 rapidly rapidly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 20 identified identify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 22 127 127 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 24 128 128 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 26 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 27 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 28 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 29 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 30 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 31 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 32 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 33 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 34 mice mouse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 35 after after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 36 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 37 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 38 LPS LPS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 40 129 129 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 156 42 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 2 now now RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 3 know know VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 4 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 5 there there EX cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 6 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 7 ten ten CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 8 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 10 humans human NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 11 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 12 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 13 respond respond VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 14 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 15 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 16 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 17 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 18 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 19 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 21 130 130 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 157 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 1 Prototypical Prototypical NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 2 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 3 contain contain VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 4 three three CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 5 structural structural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 6 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 8 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 9 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 10 ectodomain ectodomain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 11 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 12 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 13 variable variable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 14 number number NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 15 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 16 LRRs lrr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 18 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 19 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 20 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 22 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 23 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 24 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 26 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 27 mediates mediate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 28 downstream downstream RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 29 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 30 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 31 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 32 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 34 131 131 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 158 36 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 1 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 2 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 3 likely likely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 4 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 5 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 6 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 7 sentinels sentinel NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 8 since since IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 9 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 12 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 13 building building NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 14 blocks block NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 16 LRR LRR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 17 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 18 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 19 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 21 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 22 observed observe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 23 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 24 placozoans placozoans NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 26 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 28 Trichoplax Trichoplax NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 29 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 32 132 132 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 34 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 35 Porifera Porifera NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 37 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 38 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 39 Sponges sponge NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 42 131 131 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 159 44 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 1 Full full JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 2 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 3 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 4 detected detect VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 6 Cnidarian cnidarian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 7 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 9 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 11 starlet starlet NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 12 sea sea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 13 anemone anemone NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 15 Nematostella Nematostella NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 16 vectensis vectensis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 17 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 18 one one CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 19 single single JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 20 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 23 133 133 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 25 134 134 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 27 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 28 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 29 acroporid acroporid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 30 corals coral NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 32 Acropora Acropora NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 33 digitifera digitifera NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 34 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 35 four four CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 36 TLRs TLRs NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 160 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 2 135 135 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 5 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 6 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 161 8 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 3 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 4 developmental developmental JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 5 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 6 immunological immunological JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 7 roles role NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 8 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 9 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 10 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 11 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 12 described describe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 14 Cnidarians Cnidarians NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 162 15 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 1 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 2 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 3 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 5 sea sea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 6 anemone anemone NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 8 Nematostella Nematostella NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 9 vectensis vectensis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 13 mountainous mountainous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 14 star star NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 15 coral coral NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 17 Orbicella Orbicella NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 18 faveolata faveolata NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 20 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 21 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 22 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 23 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 24 signal signal VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 25 via via IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 26 MyD88 MyD88 NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 27 leading lead VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 28 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 29 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 31 kB kb CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 32 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 34 133 133 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 36 136 136 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 163 38 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 3 Bilateria Bilateria NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 4 phylum phylum NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 6 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 7 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 8 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 9 found find VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 11 most most RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 12 studied study VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 13 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 15 however however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 18 numbers number NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 19 vary vary VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 20 greatly greatly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 21 among among IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 22 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 24 ranging range VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 25 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 26 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 27 single single JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 28 TLR tlr NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 29 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 30 Nematodes nematode NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 31 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 32 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 33 elegans elegan NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 35 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 36 over over IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 37 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 38 hundred hundred CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 39 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 40 echinoderms echinoderm NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 41 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 42 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 43 pacific pacific NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 44 purple purple NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 45 sea sea NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 46 urchin urchin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 47 Strongylocentrotus Strongylocentrotus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 48 purpuratus purpuratus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 50 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 51 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 164 53 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 2 expansion expansion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 5 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 6 repertoire repertoire NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 8 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 9 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 10 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 12 sea sea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 13 urchin urchin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 15 reflects reflect VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 17 adaptation adaptation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 20 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 21 arsenal arsenal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 22 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 23 rapidly rapidly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 24 changing change VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 25 environmental environmental JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 26 stressors stressor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 28 137 137 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 165 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 1 Amongst amongst IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 2 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 3 multitude multitude NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 5 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 6 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 7 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 8 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 10 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 11 species species NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 13 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 14 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 15 NACHT NACHT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 16 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 17 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 18 LRRs lrr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 20 Scavenger Scavenger NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 21 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 22 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 23 sea sea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 24 urchin urchin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 25 genomes genome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 26 encode encode VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 27 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 28 222 222 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 29 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 166 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 1 Among among IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 2 those those DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 4 211 211 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 5 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 6 belong belong VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 7 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 8 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 9 greatly greatly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 10 expanded expand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 11 set set NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 13 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 14 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 15 vertebrate vertebrate NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 16 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 17 features feature NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 19 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 20 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 21 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 22 seem seem VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 23 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 24 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 25 duplicated duplicate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 26 recently recently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 167 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 2 high high JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 3 prevalence prevalence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 5 pseudogenes pseudogene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 7 25 25 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 8 % % NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 10 30 30 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 11 % % NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 13 among among IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 14 those those DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 15 might may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 16 reflect reflect VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 17 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 18 history history NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 19 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 20 strong strong JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 21 positive positive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 22 selective selective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 23 pressures pressure NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 168 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 1 Another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 2 phylum phylum NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 3 where where WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 4 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 5 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 6 undergone undergo VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 8 significant significant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 9 expansion expansion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 10 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 12 Mollusca Mollusca NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 14 138 138 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 17 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 19 pacific pacific NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 20 oyster oyster NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 21 Crassotrea Crassotrea NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 22 gigas gigas NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 24 139 139 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 169 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 170 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 170 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 170 3 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 170 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 170 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 2 Pacific Pacific NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 3 Oyster Oyster NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 4 encodes encode VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 5 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 6 83 83 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 7 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 8 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 9 total total NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 11 potentially potentially RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 12 reflecting reflect VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 13 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 14 highly highly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 15 specialized specialized JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 16 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 17 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 18 environmental environmental JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 19 challenges challenge NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 21 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 22 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 171 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 2 spread spread NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 4 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 6 C. C. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 7 gigas gigas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 8 natural natural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 9 habitats habitat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 10 occurs occur VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 11 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 12 quickly quickly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 14 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 15 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 16 highlighted highlight VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 17 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 19 mass mass NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 20 mortality mortality NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 21 events event VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 22 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 23 Ostreid Ostreid NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 24 Herpesvirus Herpesvirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 25 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 27 OsHV1 OsHV1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 29 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 30 caused cause VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 31 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 32 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 33 oyster oyster NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 34 nurseries nursery NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 172 35 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 1 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 2 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 4 OSHV1 oshv1 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 5 results result NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 8 differential differential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 9 regulation regulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 11 more more JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 12 than than IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 13 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 14 thousand thousand CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 15 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 17 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 19 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 20 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 21 related relate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 22 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 23 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 24 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 26 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 28 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 29 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 30 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 32 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 33 replication replication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 36 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 37 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 38 139 139 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 173 40 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 2 contrast contrast NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 3 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 5 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 6 diverse diverse JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 7 set set NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 8 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 9 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 10 repertoires repertoire NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 11 found find VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 13 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 14 Bilateria Bilateria NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 15 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 17 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 19 Nematodes nematode NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 20 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 21 sea sea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 22 urchins urchin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 24 oysters oyster NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 26 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 27 chordates chordate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 28 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 29 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 30 particularly particularly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 31 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 32 contain contain VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 33 roughly roughly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 34 equal equal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 35 numbers number NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 36 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 37 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 38 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 39 reflecting reflect VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 40 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 41 reduced reduce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 42 need need NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 43 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 44 highly highly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 45 diversified diversify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 46 pattern pattern NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 47 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 48 due due IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 49 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 50 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 51 acquisition acquisition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 52 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 53 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 54 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 55 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 57 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 58 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 174 60 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 2 general general JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 4 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 5 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 6 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 7 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 8 grouped group VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 9 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 10 six six CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 11 major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 12 families family NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 14 15 15 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 175 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 2 families family NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 3 responsible responsible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 4 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 5 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 7 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 8 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 9 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 11 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 12 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 14 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 15 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 16 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 19 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 20 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 22 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 23 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 24 7 7 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 26 8 8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 27 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 28 9 9 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 30 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 31 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 32 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 33 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 34 motifs motif NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 35 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 36 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 37 large large JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 38 TLR11 TLR11 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 39 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 41 TLR11 TLR11 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 42 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 43 12 12 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 44 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 45 13 13 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 46 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 47 19 19 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 48 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 49 20 20 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 50 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 51 21 21 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 52 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 53 22 22 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 54 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 55 23 23 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 56 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 57 26 26 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 176 59 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 2 reduced reduced JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 3 number number NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 5 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 7 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 8 does do VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 9 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 10 necessarily necessarily RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 11 mean mean VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 12 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 13 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 14 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 15 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 16 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 18 those those DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 19 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 20 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 21 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 22 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 23 tailored tailor VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 24 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 25 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 26 particular particular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 27 environment environment NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 177 28 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 2 peculiar peculiar JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 3 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 4 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 5 TLR22 tlr22 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 7 one one CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 8 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 9 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 10 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 11 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 12 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 13 present present JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 16 pufferfish pufferfish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 17 Takifugu Takifugu NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 18 rubripes rubripe VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 178 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 1 TLR22 tlr22 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 3 widely widely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 4 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 5 among among IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 6 teleosts teleost NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 8 amphibians amphibian NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 9 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 10 does do VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 11 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 12 seem seem VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 13 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 14 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 15 present present JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 16 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 17 avian avian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 18 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 19 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 20 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 22 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 23 indicates indicate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 24 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 25 TLR22 TLR22 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 26 might may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 27 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 28 required require VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 29 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 30 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 31 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 32 living live VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 33 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 34 water water NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 36 140 140 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 179 38 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 2 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 4 one one CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 5 last last JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 6 case case NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 8 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 9 adaptation adaptation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 11 rapid rapid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 12 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 13 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 14 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 15 worth worth JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 16 mentioning mention VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 17 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 18 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 19 bat bat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 20 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 180 21 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 1 Analyses analysis NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 2 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 3 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 4 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 6 bats bat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 7 reveal reveal VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 8 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 9 acquired acquire VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 10 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 11 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 12 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 14 7 7 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 16 8 8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 17 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 18 9 9 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 20 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 21 unique unique JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 22 mutations mutation NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 23 fixed fix VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 24 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 25 ligand ligand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 27 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 28 sites site NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 30 141 141 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 31 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 32 142 142 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 181 34 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 1 These these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 2 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 3 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 4 thought think VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 5 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 6 stem stem VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 7 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 9 unique unique JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 10 lifestyle lifestyle NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 12 bat bat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 13 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 15 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 16 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 17 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 18 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 19 known know VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 20 flying flying NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 21 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 22 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 24 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 25 represent represent VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 26 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 27 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 28 reservoirs reservoir NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 30 143 143 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 182 32 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 1 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 2 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 3 paint paint VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 4 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 5 complex complex JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 7 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 8 picture picture NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 11 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 13 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 14 diversification diversification NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 15 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 16 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 17 across across IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 19 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 20 kingdom kingdom NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 183 21 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 1 Initially initially RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 3 several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 4 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 5 proposed propose VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 6 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 7 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 8 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 9 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 12 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 13 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 14 evolved evolve VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 15 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 16 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 17 independently independently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 18 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 19 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 20 fusion fusion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 22 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 23 grafting graft VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 24 events event NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 26 16 16 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 28 144 144 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 184 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 2 instance instance NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 5 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 6 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 7 proposed propose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 8 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 10 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 11 CARD card NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 12 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 13 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 14 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 15 acquired acquire VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 16 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 17 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 18 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 19 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 21 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 22 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 23 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 24 separate separate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 25 events event NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 26 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 27 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 28 first first JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 29 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 30 being be VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 31 gained gain VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 32 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 33 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 34 ancestor ancestor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 35 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 36 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 37 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 38 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 39 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 40 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 41 before before IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 43 duplication duplication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 44 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 45 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 46 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 47 acquired acquire VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 48 after after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 49 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 50 divergence divergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 52 16 16 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 185 54 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 1 These these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 2 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 4 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 5 full full JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 7 length length NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 8 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 9 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 10 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 11 vertebrate vertebrate NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 12 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 13 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 15 novelty novelty NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 17 although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 19 building building NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 20 blocks block NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 21 may may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 22 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 23 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 24 present present JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 25 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 26 closely closely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 27 related relate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 28 invertebrate invertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 29 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 31 16 16 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 32 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 33 144 144 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 186 35 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 2 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 3 recent recent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 4 study study NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 5 challenges challenge VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 6 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 7 view view NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 9 finds find VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 10 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 12 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 13 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 14 based base VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 15 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 16 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 17 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 18 vertebrate vertebrate NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 19 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 20 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 21 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 22 originated originate VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 23 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 24 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 25 earliest early JJS cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 26 multicellular multicellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 27 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 29 14 14 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 187 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 188 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 188 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 188 3 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 188 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 188 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 2 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 3 study study NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 6 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 7 show show VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 8 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 9 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 10 functionally functionally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 11 diversified diversify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 12 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 13 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 14 series series NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 15 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 16 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 17 duplication duplication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 18 events event NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 20 followed follow VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 21 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 22 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 24 coding code VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 25 changes change NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 26 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 27 modulated modulate VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 31 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 32 properties property NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 189 33 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 1 Using use VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 2 homology homology NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 4 based base VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 5 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 6 prediction prediction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 7 based base VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 8 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 9 confirmed confirm VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 10 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 11 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 13 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 14 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 15 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 16 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 17 identify identify VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 18 full full JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 19 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 20 length length NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 21 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 22 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 23 early early RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 24 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 25 branching branch VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 26 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 27 genomes genome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 28 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 29 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 30 Porifera Porifera NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 32 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 33 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 34 sponges sponge NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 36 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 37 Cnidaria Cnidaria NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 39 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 40 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 41 jellyfish jellyfish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 190 43 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 4 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 5 unable unable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 7 identify identify VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 8 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 10 non non JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 11 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 12 metazoan metazoan JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 13 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 15 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 16 fungi fungus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 17 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 18 choanoflagellates choanoflagellate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 20 14 14 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 191 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 192 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 192 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 192 3 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 192 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 192 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 3 therefore therefore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 4 proposed propose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 5 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 7 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 8 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 10 RIG RIG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 193 12 I/ I/ NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 194 1 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 1 /LGP2anc /LGP2anc NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 3 duplicated duplicate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 4 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 5 Bilateria Bilateria NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 7 give give VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 8 rise rise NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 9 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 10 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 11 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 12 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 15 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 16 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 17 lineages lineage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 19 followed follow VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 20 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 21 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 22 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 23 recent recent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 24 duplication duplication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 25 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 26 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 27 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 28 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 29 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 30 ancestor ancestor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 31 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 32 giving give VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 33 rise rise NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 34 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 35 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 36 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 37 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 38 lineages lineage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 39 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 40 jawed jawed JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 41 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 42 after after IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 44 split split NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 45 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 46 jawless jawless JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 47 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 49 14 14 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 195 51 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 2 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 4 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 5 early early RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 7 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 8 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 9 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 10 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 11 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 12 plausible plausible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 13 scenario scenario NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 15 since since IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 16 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 17 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 19 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 20 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 21 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 22 downstream downstream RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 23 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 24 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 26 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 27 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 28 IRF IRF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 29 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 30 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 31 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 32 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 33 found find VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 34 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 35 early early JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 36 metazoans metazoan NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 38 6 6 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 196 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 197 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 197 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 197 3 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 197 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 197 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 1 Another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 2 recent recent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 3 evidence evidence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 4 suggesting suggest VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 5 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 6 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 7 predated predate VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 8 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 9 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 10 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 11 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 12 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 13 performed perform VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 15 mollusks mollusk NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 17 pacific pacific NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 18 oyster oyster NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 19 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 20 C. C. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 21 gigas gigas NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 198 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 2 invertebrate invertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 3 C. C. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 4 gigas gigas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 5 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 6 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 7 encodes encode VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 8 up up IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 10 12 12 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 11 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 13 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 14 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 15 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 17 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 19 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 21 IRF IRF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 22 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 23 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 25 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 26 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 27 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 28 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 29 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 30 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 31 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 32 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 33 roles role NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 35 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 36 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 37 139 139 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 38 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 39 145 145 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 199 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 200 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 200 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 200 3 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 200 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 200 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 1 Even even RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 2 though though IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 3 there there EX cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 4 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 5 no no DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 6 consensus consensus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 7 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 9 exact exact JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 11 history history NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 13 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 16 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 17 clear clear JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 18 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 19 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 20 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 22 and/or and/or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 24 building building NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 25 blocks block NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 27 existed exist VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 28 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 29 early early RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 30 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 31 metazoan metazoan NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 32 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 201 33 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 1 most most RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 2 importantly importantly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 5 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 6 subject subject JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 7 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 8 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 9 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 10 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 11 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 202 12 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 3 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 4 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 6 lineage lineage NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 8 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 9 loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 11 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 12 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 14 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 15 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 203 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 2 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 4 although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 7 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 8 homologs homolog NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 9 were be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 10 found find VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 12 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 13 teleost teleost NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 14 fish fish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 204 16 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 2 homologs homolog NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 3 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 4 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 5 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 6 identified identify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 8 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 9 fish fish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 10 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 11 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 12 salmon salmon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 14 carp carp VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 16 146 146 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 205 18 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 1 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 2 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 4 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 5 absent absent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 8 chicken chicken NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 9 genome genome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 10 although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 13 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 14 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 15 both both DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 16 present present JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 18 147 147 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 20 148 148 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 206 22 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 3 chickens chicken NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 4 suffer suffer VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 5 severely severely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 6 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 7 avian avian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 8 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 9 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 11 AIV AIV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 13 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 14 compared compare VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 15 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 16 ducks duck NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 18 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 19 do do VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 20 possess possess VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 22 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 24 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 25 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 27 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 28 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 29 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 30 due due JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 31 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 32 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 33 loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 34 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 207 35 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 1 -I -I : cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 2 affecting affect VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 4 first first JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 5 line line NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 7 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 8 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 10 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 12 148 148 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 208 14 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 209 1 Most most RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 209 2 studied study VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 209 3 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 209 4 possess possess VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 209 5 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 1 -I -I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 3 however however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 6 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 7 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 8 lost lose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 10 at at RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 11 least least RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 12 one one CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 13 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 14 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 15 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 17 Chinese chinese JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 18 tree tree NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 19 shrew shrew NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 21 149 149 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 210 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 3 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 5 loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 7 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 8 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 9 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 11 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 14 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 15 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 16 undergone undergo VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 17 strong strong JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 18 positive positive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 19 selection selection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 21 Chinese chinese JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 22 tree tree NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 23 shrews shrew NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 25 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 26 positively positively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 27 selected select VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 28 sites site NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 29 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 30 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 31 endowed endow VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 32 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 33 substitute substitute JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 34 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 35 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 36 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 37 lost lose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 38 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 39 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 40 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 42 150 150 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 211 44 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 1 Another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 2 eloquent eloquent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 3 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 4 illustrating illustrate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 6 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 7 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 8 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 9 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 10 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 11 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 13 loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 15 all all DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 16 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 17 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 19 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 20 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 21 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 22 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 23 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 24 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 25 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 27 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 28 insects insect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 30 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 31 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 212 33 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 2 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 4 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 5 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 7 although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 9 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 11 kb kb NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 13 JAK JAK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 14 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 15 STAT stat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 16 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 17 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 18 present present JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 20 contribute contribute VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 21 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 23 defenses defense NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 25 151 151 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 26 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 27 152 152 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 29 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 30 all all DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 31 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 32 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 33 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 34 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 35 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 36 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 37 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 38 IRF IRF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 39 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 40 axis axis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 41 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 42 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 43 lost lose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 213 44 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 1 Instead instead RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 3 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 4 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 5 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 6 insects insect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 8 relies rely VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 9 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 11 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 12 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 13 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 15 major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 17 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 18 protecting protect VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 20 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 21 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 22 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 24 24 24 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 26 153 153 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 28 154 154 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 214 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 3 RNase RNase NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 4 III III NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 5 Dicer-2 Dicer-2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 8 central central JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 9 player player NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 11 insect insect NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 13 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 15 responsible responsible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 16 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 17 generating generate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 18 small small JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 19 interfering interfere VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 20 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 22 siRNAs siRNAs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 25 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 26 contains contain VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 27 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 28 N n CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 29 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 30 terminal terminal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 31 DExD DExD NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 32 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 33 H H NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 34 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 35 box box NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 36 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 37 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 38 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 39 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 40 highly highly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 41 homologous homologous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 42 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 43 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 44 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 45 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 46 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 47 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 48 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 50 155 155 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 51 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 52 156 156 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 215 54 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 3 Dicer-2 Dicer-2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 4 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 5 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 6 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 7 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 8 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 9 responsible responsible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 10 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 12 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 13 upregulation upregulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 15 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 17 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 19 Vago Vago NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 21 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 22 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 23 function function VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 24 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 25 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 26 cytokine cytokine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 27 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 28 activating activate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 29 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 30 JAK JAK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 31 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 32 STAT stat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 33 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 34 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 35 triggering trigger VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 36 systemic systemic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 37 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 38 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 39 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 40 various various JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 41 mosquito mosquito NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 42 tissues tissue NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 44 157 157 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 45 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 46 158 158 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 216 48 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 1 Although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 3 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 4 leading lead VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 5 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 7 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 8 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 10 Vago Vago NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 11 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 12 still still RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 13 poorly poorly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 14 understood understand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 15 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 16 insects insect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 18 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 19 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 20 established establish VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 21 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 22 DExD DExD NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 23 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 24 H h NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 25 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 26 box box NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 27 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 28 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 29 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 30 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 31 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 32 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 33 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 34 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 36 may may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 37 represent represent VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 38 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 39 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 40 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 41 set set NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 42 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 43 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 44 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 45 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 46 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 47 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 48 direct direct JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 49 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 50 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 51 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 52 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 54 159 159 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 217 56 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 1 One one CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 2 last last JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 3 observation observation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 4 exemplifying exemplify VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 6 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 8 rapid rapid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 9 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 11 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 13 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 14 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 15 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 16 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 218 17 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 3 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 4 seem seem VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 5 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 6 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 7 experiencing experience VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 8 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 9 recent recent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 10 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 11 changes change NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 13 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 14 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 219 15 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 2 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 4 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 5 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 7 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 8 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 9 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 10 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 11 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 12 changes change NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 13 altering alter VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 17 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 18 properties property NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 19 throughout throughout IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 20 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 21 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 23 160 160 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 220 25 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 3 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 4 humans human NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 6 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 7 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 9 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 10 number number NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 12 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 13 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 14 coding code VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 15 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 16 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 17 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 18 identified identify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 19 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 20 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 21 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 22 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 23 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 24 may may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 25 contribute contribute VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 26 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 27 differences difference NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 28 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 29 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 30 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 32 risk risk NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 33 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 34 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 35 diseases disease NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 37 14 14 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 38 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 39 161 161 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 40 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 41 162 162 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 221 43 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 1 STING sting VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 2 presence presence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 3 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 4 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 5 genomes genome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 6 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 7 probably probably RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 8 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 9 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 10 than than IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 11 that that DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 13 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 15 since since IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 16 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 17 homologs homolog NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 18 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 19 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 20 found find VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 22 most most JJS cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 23 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 24 phyla phylum NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 25 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 26 unicellular unicellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 27 choanoflagellates choanoflagellate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 29 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 30 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 33 12 12 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 35 163 163 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 222 37 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 4 ability ability NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 6 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 7 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 8 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 9 CDNs CDNs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 10 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 11 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 12 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 13 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 14 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 15 property property NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 223 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 2 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 3 elegant elegant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 4 study study NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 6 Kranzusch Kranzusch NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 8 colleagues colleague NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 9 show show VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 10 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 12 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 13 homolog homolog NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 16 starlet starlet NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 17 sea sea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 18 anemone anemone NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 19 N. N. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 20 vectensis vectensis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 22 nvSTING nvSTING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 24 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 25 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 26 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 27 structurally structurally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 28 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 29 similar similar JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 30 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 31 that that DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 32 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 33 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 34 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 35 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 36 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 37 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 38 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 39 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 40 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 41 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 42 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 43 cGAMP cGAMP NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 44 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 45 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 46 high high JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 47 affinity affinity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 49 13 13 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 224 51 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 3 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 4 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 5 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 6 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 8 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 9 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 10 crucial crucial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 11 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 12 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 13 recruitment recruitment NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 15 downstream downstream JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 16 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 17 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 19 appeared appear VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 20 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 22 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 23 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 25 164 164 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 225 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 3 nvSTING nvsting DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 4 lacking lack VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 6 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 7 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 8 unable unable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 10 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 11 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 12 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 13 β β NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 14 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 15 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 16 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 17 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 18 CDNs CDNs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 19 when when WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 20 transfected transfecte VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 22 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 23 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 25 13 13 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 226 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 2 lack lack NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 4 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 5 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 6 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 8 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 9 does do VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 10 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 11 mean mean VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 12 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 13 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 14 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 15 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 16 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 17 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 18 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 19 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 21 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 22 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 227 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 2 first first JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 3 indication indication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 4 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 5 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 6 invertebrate invertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 7 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 8 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 10 Lophotrochozoa Lophotrochozoa NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 11 phylum phylum NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 12 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 13 includes include VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 15 pacific pacific NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 16 oyster oyster NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 17 C. C. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 18 gigas gigas NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 20 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 21 annelid annelid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 22 worm worm NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 23 Capitella Capitella NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 24 teleta teleta RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 228 25 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 2 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 3 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 5 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 6 unusual unusual JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 7 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 8 architecture architecture NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 9 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 10 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 11 found find VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 13 where where WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 14 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 15 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 16 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 17 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 18 fused fuse VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 19 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 20 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 21 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 22 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 24 known know VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 25 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 26 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 27 involved involve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 28 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 29 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 30 immune immune NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 31 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 33 164 164 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 35 165 165 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 229 37 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 2 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 3 indication indication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 4 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 5 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 6 lacking lack VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 7 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 8 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 9 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 10 function function VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 12 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 13 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 14 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 15 arthropods arthropod NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 230 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 1 Recent recent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 2 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 3 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 4 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 6 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 7 lack lack VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 8 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 10 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 12 clearly clearly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 13 show show VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 14 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 15 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 16 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 17 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 18 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 19 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 22 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 24 kB kb CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 25 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 26 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 27 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 28 model model NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 30 151 151 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 31 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 32 166 166 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 231 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 232 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 232 2 Figure figure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 232 3 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 232 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 232 5 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 4 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 7 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 8 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 10 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 12 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 13 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 14 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 15 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 16 coincide coincide VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 17 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 19 development development NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 20 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 23 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 233 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 3 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 4 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 5 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 6 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 8 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 9 dictates dictate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 10 downstream downstream JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 11 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 13 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 15 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 16 plastic plastic NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 17 amongst amongst IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 18 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 19 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 234 20 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 2 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 3 recent recent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 4 study study NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 6 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 7 show show VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 8 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 9 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 10 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 13 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 15 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 17 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 19 kB kB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 20 varies vary VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 21 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 22 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 23 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 25 167 167 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 235 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 1 While while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 2 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 3 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 4 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 5 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 6 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 7 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 8 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 10 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 12 strong strong JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 15 β β NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 17 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 18 weaker weak JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 19 NF nf NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 20 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 21 kB kb CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 22 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 24 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 25 extension extension NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 26 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 27 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 28 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 29 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 30 ray ray NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 31 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 32 finned finned JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 33 fish fish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 34 species species NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 35 elicits elicit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 36 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 37 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 38 enhancement enhancement NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 39 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 40 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 41 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 42 kB kb CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 43 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 44 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 45 weaker weak JJR cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 46 IRF3-IFN IRF3-IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 47 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 49 167 167 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 236 51 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 1 Another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 2 indication indication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 4 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 5 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 6 structure structure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 8 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 9 plasticity plasticity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 10 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 11 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 12 bat bat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 13 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 237 14 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 2 highly highly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 3 conserved conserved JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 5 functionally functionally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 6 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 7 serine serine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 8 residue residue NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 10 S358 S358 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 13 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 14 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 15 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 16 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 17 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 18 lost lose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 19 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 20 bats bat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 22 168 168 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 238 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 2 replacement replacement NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 4 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 5 critical critical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 6 residue residue NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 8 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 9 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 10 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 11 significantly significantly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 12 dampens dampen VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 13 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 15 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 16 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 17 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 239 18 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 2 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 4 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 5 study study NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 7 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 9 lifestyle lifestyle NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 11 bat bat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 12 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 14 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 16 flight flight NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 17 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 18 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 19 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 20 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 21 high high JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 22 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 23 titers titer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 25 imposes impose VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 26 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 27 strong strong JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 28 selective selective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 29 pressure pressure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 30 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 31 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 240 32 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 2 results result VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 3 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 4 functionally functionally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 5 dampened dampened JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 6 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 8 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 9 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 10 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 11 avoid avoid VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 12 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 13 overactivation overactivation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 15 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 16 cope cope VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 17 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 18 high high JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 19 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 20 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 21 content content NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 241 22 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 1 Taken take VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 2 together together RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 4 present present JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 5 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 7 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 8 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 9 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 10 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 12 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 15 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 17 modulation modulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 20 structure structure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 22 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 23 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 24 accommodate accommodate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 25 species species NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 27 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 28 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 29 burdens burden NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 242 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 2 picture picture NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 3 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 4 less less RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 5 clear clear JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 6 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 8 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 9 enzyme enzyme NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 10 when when WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 12 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 13 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 15 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 243 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 1 Although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 2 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 3 homologs homolog NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 4 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 5 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 6 identified identify VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 8 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 9 variety variety NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 11 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 12 metazoan metazoan NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 13 lineages lineage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 15 12 12 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 17 163 163 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 21 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 22 believed believe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 23 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 24 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 25 ability ability NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 26 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 27 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 28 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 29 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 30 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 31 detect detect VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 32 dsDNA dsdna RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 33 emerged emerge VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 34 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 35 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 244 36 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 3 cGAS cga VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 4 ' ' '' cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 5 zinc zinc NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 7 ribbon ribbon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 8 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 10 required require VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 11 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 12 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 13 binding binding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 15 cGAMP cGAMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 16 synthesis synthesis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 18 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 19 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 20 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 22 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 23 cytosol cytosol NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 25 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 26 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 27 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 28 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 29 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 30 innovation innovation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 32 169 169 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 35 170 170 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 38 171 171 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 245 40 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 3 primate primate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 4 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 5 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 7 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 8 undergone undergo VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 9 rapid rapid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 10 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 12 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 13 lineage lineage NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 15 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 16 observed observe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 17 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 19 positive positive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 20 selection selection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 21 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 23 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 24 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 25 binding binding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 26 interfaces interface NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 28 172 172 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 246 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 1 These these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 2 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 3 argue argue VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 4 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 5 although although IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 7 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 8 enzyme enzyme NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 9 existed exist VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 10 early early RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 12 metazoans metazoans NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 15 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 16 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 17 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 18 repurposed repurpose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 19 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 20 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 21 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 22 only only RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 23 recently recently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 24 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 25 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 247 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 3 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 5 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 6 seem seem VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 7 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 8 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 9 acquired acquire VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 10 novel novel NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 11 features feature NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 12 throughout throughout IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 13 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 248 14 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 2 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 3 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 4 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 5 evolved evolve VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 7 zinc zinc NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 8 ribbon ribbon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 9 motif motif NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 10 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 11 detect detect VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 12 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 249 14 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 1 evolved evolve VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 3 CTT CTT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 4 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 5 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 6 expanded expand VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 8 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 9 potential potential NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 250 10 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 1 As as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 2 obligate obligate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 3 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 4 parasites parasite NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 6 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 7 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 8 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 9 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 10 array array NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 12 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 13 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 15 escape escape VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 17 elimination elimination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 18 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 19 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 20 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 21 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 22 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 23 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 251 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 3 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 4 antagonism antagonism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 5 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 6 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 7 general general JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 8 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 10 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 11 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 12 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 13 peculiarity peculiarity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 15 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 16 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 252 17 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 1 Many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 2 bacteriophages bacteriophage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 4 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 5 instance instance NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 7 encode encode VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 8 CRISPR CRISPR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 10 Cas Cas NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 11 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 13 termed term VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 14 anti anti JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 15 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 16 CRISPRs CRISPRs NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 18 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 19 counter counter VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 20 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 22 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 24 173 173 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 253 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 1 Plant plant NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 2 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 3 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 4 encode encode VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 5 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 6 suppressors suppressor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 8 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 10 VSRs VSRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 13 main main JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 15 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 16 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 17 plant plant NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 18 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 20 20 20 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 254 22 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 3 several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 4 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 7 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 8 antagonisms antagonism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 9 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 10 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 11 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 12 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 13 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 14 described describe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 16 174 174 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 19 175 175 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 22 176 176 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 25 177 177 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 28 178 178 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 255 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 1 These these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 2 include include VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 3 hiding hide VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 5 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 6 genome genome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 7 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 8 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 9 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 11 shutting shut VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 12 off off RP cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 13 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 14 translation translation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 15 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 16 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 17 machineries machinery NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 19 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 20 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 21 RNA rna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 22 processing processing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 24 trafficking trafficking NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 25 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 26 interfering interfere VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 27 directly directly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 28 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 29 either either CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 30 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 31 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 32 sense sense VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 33 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 34 presence presence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 36 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 37 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 38 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 39 signal signal VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 40 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 41 information information NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 42 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 43 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 44 nucleus nucleus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 256 45 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 1 Since since IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 2 interfering interfere VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 3 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 5 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 6 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 7 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 8 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 9 less less RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 10 damaging damaging JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 11 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 13 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 14 than than IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 15 targeting target VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 16 vital vital JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 17 cellular cellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 18 machineries machinery NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 20 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 22 translation translation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 25 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 26 studied study VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 27 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 28 seem seem VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 29 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 30 have have VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 31 opted opt VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 32 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 33 this this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 34 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 257 35 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 1 Several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 2 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 3 describe describe VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 4 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 5 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 7 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 8 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 10 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 12 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 13 step step NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 15 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 17 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 19 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 20 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 21 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 23 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 24 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 25 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 26 downstream downstream JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 27 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 28 steps step NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 29 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 30 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 31 targeting targeting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 32 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 33 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 34 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 35 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 36 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 37 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 38 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 39 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 40 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 41 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 42 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 43 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 44 NF nf NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 45 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 46 κB. κb. JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 47 Evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 48 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 49 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 50 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 51 antagonisms antagonism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 52 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 53 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 54 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 55 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 56 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 57 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 58 active active JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 59 area area NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 60 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 61 research research NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 62 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 63 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 64 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 65 yielded yield VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 66 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 67 rich rich JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 68 literature literature NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 69 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 70 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 71 past past JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 72 few few JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 73 years year NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 258 74 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 2 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 3 here here RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 4 just just RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 5 give give VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 6 some some DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 7 select select JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 8 examples example NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 10 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 11 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 12 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 13 curb curb VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 14 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 16 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 17 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 18 TLRs tlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 20 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 22 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 24 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 25 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 26 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 28 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 29 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 30 obvious obvious JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 31 bias bias NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 32 towards towards IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 33 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 34 infecting infect VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 35 humans human NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 259 36 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 2 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 3 more more RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 4 complete complete JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 5 picture picture NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 6 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 8 subject subject NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 10 readers reader NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 11 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 12 refer refer VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 13 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 14 excellent excellent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 15 reviews review NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 17 published publish VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 18 recently recently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 20 describing describe VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 21 those those DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 22 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 24 174 174 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 27 175 175 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 30 176 176 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 33 177 177 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 36 178 178 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 260 38 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 1 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 2 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 3 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 4 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 5 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 7 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 8 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 9 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 11 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 12 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 14 VACV VACV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 16 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 17 A46R A46R NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 19 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 20 targets target VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 21 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 22 TIR tir NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 24 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 25 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 26 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 27 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 28 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 261 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 1 A46R A46R NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 2 itself -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 3 contains contain VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 4 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 5 TIR TIR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 6 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 7 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 8 allows allow VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 10 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 11 competitively competitively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 12 interact interact VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 13 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 14 TIR tir NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 15 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 16 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 17 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 18 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 19 complexes complex NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 20 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 21 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 22 Myd88 Myd88 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 24 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 25 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 26 TRAM TRAM NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 28 thereby thereby RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 29 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 30 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 31 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 32 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 33 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 34 NFkB NFkB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 35 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 36 IRFs IRFs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 38 179 179 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 39 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 40 180 180 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 262 42 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 1 Human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 2 T t NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 4 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 5 leukemia leukemia NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 6 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 7 type-1 type-1 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 9 HTLV-1 HTLV-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 11 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 12 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 13 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 15 interfere interfere VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 16 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 17 TLR4-dependent tlr4-dependent NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 18 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 263 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 2 HTLV-1 HTLV-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 3 encoded encode VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 4 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 5 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 6 p30 p30 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 7 binds bind VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 9 disables disable VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 10 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 11 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 12 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 14 PU.1 PU.1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 16 required require VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 17 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 18 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 19 surface surface NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 20 expression expression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 22 181 181 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 264 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 1 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 3 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 4 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 5 player player NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 8 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 9 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 10 cascade cascade NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 11 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 12 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 13 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 14 target target NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 15 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 16 choice choice NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 18 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 19 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 265 20 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 2 NS3/4A ns3/4a JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 3 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 5 HCV HCV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 8 3C 3c NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 9 proteases protease NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 11 several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 12 picornaviruses picornavirus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 13 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 14 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 15 coxsackievirus coxsackievirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 16 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 18 EV71 EV71 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 20 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 21 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 22 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 24 HAV HAV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 26 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 27 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 28 all all RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 29 recognize recognize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 30 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 31 proteolytically proteolytically RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 32 cleave cleave VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 33 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 35 producing produce VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 36 TRIF trif NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 37 fragments fragment NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 38 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 39 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 40 unable unable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 41 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 42 signal signal VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 44 182 182 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 266 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 2 183 183 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 5 184 184 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 8 185 185 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 11 186 186 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 267 13 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 1 When when WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 3 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 4 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 5 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 7 one one CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 8 basic basic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 9 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 10 used use VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 11 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 12 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 13 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 15 escape escape VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 16 surveillance surveillance NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 17 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 18 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 19 simply simply RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 20 prevent prevent VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 21 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 22 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 23 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 24 accessing access VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 25 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 26 genomes genome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 268 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 1 DENV DENV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 3 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 4 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 6 replicates replicate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 8 convoluted convoluted JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 9 membranes membrane NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 12 ER ER NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 13 concealing conceal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 15 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 16 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 17 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 19 cytosol cytosol NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 21 thereby thereby RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 22 prevents prevent VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 23 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 24 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 25 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 26 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 28 187 187 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 269 30 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 1 Other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 2 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 3 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 4 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 5 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 7 EBOV EBOV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 270 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 1 Marburg Marburg NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 2 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 3 encode encode VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 4 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 5 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 6 35 35 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 8 VP35 VP35 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 10 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 11 tightly tightly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 12 binds bind VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 14 ' ' `` cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 15 shields shield NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 16 ' ' POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 17 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 18 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 19 genome genome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 20 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 21 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 22 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 271 23 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 272 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 272 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 272 3 188 188 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 272 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 272 5 189 189 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 272 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 272 7 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 1 Another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 2 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 3 used use VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 4 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 5 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 7 ' ' `` cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 8 hide hide VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 9 ' ' '' cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 10 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 11 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 12 consists consist VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 14 modifying modify VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 16 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 17 molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 18 features feature VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 19 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 20 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 21 rely rely VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 22 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 23 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 24 recognize recognize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 25 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 26 genomes genome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 273 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 2 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 4 both both DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 6 Hantaan Hantaan NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 7 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 8 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 10 Bunyaviridae Bunyaviridae NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 11 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 13 Borna Borna NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 14 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 15 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 17 BDV BDV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 19 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 20 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 21 Bornaviridae Bornaviridae NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 22 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 24 encode encode VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 25 phosphatases phosphatase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 26 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 27 process process VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 28 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 29 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 30 group group NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 31 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 33 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 34 genome genome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 35 termini terminus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 36 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 37 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 38 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 39 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 40 -monophosphate -monophosphate SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 41 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 42 escape escape VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 43 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 44 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 45 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 46 surveillance surveillance NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 48 190 190 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 49 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 50 191 191 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 274 52 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 1 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 2 Virus Virus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 4 LASV LASV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 6 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 8 Arenaviridae Arenaviridae NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 9 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 10 evolved evolve VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 12 unique unique JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 13 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 15 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 17 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 19 NP NP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 21 acquired acquire VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 22 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 23 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 24 -5 -5 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 25 exonuclease exonuclease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 26 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 28 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 29 enables enable VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 31 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 32 digest digest VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 33 free free JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 34 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 36 preventing prevent VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 37 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 38 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 39 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 40 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 41 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 42 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 44 192 192 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 275 46 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 1 However however RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 4 most most RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 5 direct direct JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 6 way way NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 8 interfering interfere VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 9 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 10 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 11 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 14 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 15 partners partner NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 16 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 17 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 18 either either CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 19 directly directly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 20 target target VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 21 them -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 22 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 23 cleavage cleavage NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 24 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 25 degradation degradation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 26 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 27 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 28 manipulate manipulate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 30 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 32 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 33 statuses status NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 35 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 36 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 37 crucial crucial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 38 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 40 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 276 41 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 3 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 4 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 5 encode encode VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 6 proteases protease NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 7 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 8 directly directly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 9 cleave cleave VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 10 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 277 11 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 1 While while IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 3 3Cpro 3cpro CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 4 proteases protease NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 6 both both DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 7 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 9 EV71 EV71 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 10 cleave cleave VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 11 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 12 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 13 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 16 2Apro 2apro CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 18 EV71 EV71 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 19 cleaves cleave VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 20 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 22 193 193 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 24 194 194 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 278 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 1 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 3 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 4 crucial crucial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 5 hub hub NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 6 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 7 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 279 8 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 2 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 3 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 4 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 5 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 6 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 7 frequently frequently RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 8 targeted target VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 10 cleaved cleave VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 11 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 12 numerous numerous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 13 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 14 proteases protease NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 16 such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 17 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 18 3Cpro 3cpro CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 19 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 20 HAV HAV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 22 2Apro 2apro CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 23 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 24 EV71 EV71 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 26 NS3-NS4A NS3-NS4A NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 27 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 28 HCV HCV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 29 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 30 2Apro 2Apro NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 32 3Cpro 3cpro CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 33 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 34 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 35 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 36 3Cpro 3cpro CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 37 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 38 coxsackievirus coxsackievirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 39 B3 B3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 41 CVB3 CVB3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 44 184 184 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 45 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 46 185 185 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 47 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 49 194 194 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 52 195 195 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 55 196 196 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 280 57 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 1 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 2 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 3 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 4 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 5 indirectly indirectly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 6 degraded degrade VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 7 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 8 particular particular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 9 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 281 10 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 1 For for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 2 instance instance NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 4 measles measles NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 5 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 7 MeV MeV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 9 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 10 trigger trigger VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 11 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 12 selective selective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 13 form form NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 15 autophagy autophagy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 17 called call VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 18 mitophagy mitophagy NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 20 responsible responsible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 21 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 22 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 23 degradation degradation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 24 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 25 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 26 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 27 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 28 leads lead VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 29 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 30 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 31 decrease decrease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 32 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 33 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 34 abundance abundance VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 36 197 197 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 282 38 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 1 Another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 2 example example NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 4 indirect indirect JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 5 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 6 degradation degradation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 7 comes come VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 8 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 9 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 10 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 11 severe severe JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 12 acute acute JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 14 syndrome syndrome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 16 SARS)-associated sars)-associated CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 17 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 19 SARS SARS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 20 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 21 CoV CoV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 283 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 2 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 3 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 4 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 5 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 6 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 8 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 10 9b 9b NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 11 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 12 localizes localize VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 13 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 14 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 16 subverts subvert VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 17 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 18 cellular cellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 19 E3 e3 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 20 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 21 ligase ligase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 22 atrophin-1-interacting atrophin-1-interacte VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 23 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 24 4 4 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 26 AIP4 AIP4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 28 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 29 degrade degrade VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 30 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 32 198 198 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 284 34 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 1 Post post JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 2 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 3 translational translational JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 4 modifications modification NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 6 both both DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 7 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 9 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 10 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 11 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 12 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 13 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 15 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 16 subverted subvert VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 17 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 18 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 19 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 20 inhibit inhibit VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 22 downstream downstream JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 23 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 285 24 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 1 NS1 ns1 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 2 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 3 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 4 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 5 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 6 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 7 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 8 strains strain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 10 IAV IAV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 12 interact interact VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 13 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 15 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 16 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 17 ligase ligase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 18 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 19 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 20 inhibit inhibit VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 22 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 24 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 25 crucial crucial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 26 step step NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 27 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 29 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 30 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 31 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 32 attaching attach VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 33 Lys63-linked lys63-linked IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 34 polyubiquitin polyubiquitin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 35 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 36 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 37 CARD card NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 38 domains domain NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 39 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 286 40 RIG- rig- NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 287 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 287 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 287 3 24 24 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 287 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 287 5 199 199 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 287 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 287 7 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 1 Other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 2 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 3 encode encode VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 4 deubiquitinating deubiquitinating NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 5 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 7 DUBs dub NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 10 remove remove VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 11 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 12 Lys63-linked lys63-linked NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 13 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 14 off off IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 15 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 17 I. i. NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 18 ORF64 ORF64 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 19 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 20 Kaposi Kaposi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 21 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 22 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 23 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 25 KSHV KSHV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 28 papain papain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 29 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 30 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 31 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 33 PLP PLP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 35 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 36 SARS SARS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 37 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 38 CoV CoV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 39 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 40 leader leader NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 41 proteinase proteinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 43 Lpro Lpro NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 45 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 46 foot foot NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 47 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 48 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 49 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 50 mouth mouth NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 51 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 52 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 54 FMDV FMDV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 56 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 57 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 58 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 59 tumor tumor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 61 OTU)-type otu)-type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 62 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 63 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 64 arteriviruses arteriviruse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 65 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 66 nairoviruses nairoviruses NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 67 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 68 all all DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 69 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 70 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 71 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 72 possess possess VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 73 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 74 deubiquitination deubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 75 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 76 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 77 interfere interfere VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 78 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 288 79 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 1 -I -i DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 2 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 3 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 5 177 177 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 8 200 200 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 11 201 201 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 14 202 202 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 289 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 1 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 2 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 3 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 5 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 6 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 7 status status NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 8 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 9 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 10 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 11 subverted subvert VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 12 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 13 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 290 14 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 2 normal normal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 3 conditions condition NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 5 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 7 serine serine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 8 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 9 threonine threonine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 10 residues residue NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 11 keeps keep VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 12 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 13 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 14 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 18 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 19 inactive inactive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 20 state state NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 291 21 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 1 Upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 2 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 3 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 5 PP1 PP1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 6 phosphatases phosphatase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 7 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 8 recruited recruit VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 10 dephosphorylate dephosphorylate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 11 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 12 marks mark NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 13 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 14 those those DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 17 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 18 them -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 292 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 1 V v LS cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 2 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 3 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 4 Measles Measles NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 5 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 6 Nipah Nipah NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 7 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 9 MeV MeV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 11 NiV NiV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 13 act act VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 14 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 15 decoys decoy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 17 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 18 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 19 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 20 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 21 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 22 PP1-α PP1-α NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 24 PP1-γ PP1-γ NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 26 sequestering sequester VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 27 them -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 28 away away RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 29 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 30 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 293 32 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 294 1 -I -I NFP cord-312001-8p7scli8 294 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 294 3 203 203 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 294 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 294 5 204 204 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 294 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 294 7 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 1 Similar similar JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 2 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 3 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 4 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 5 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 6 counter counter VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 9 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 10 machinery machinery NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 11 described describe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 12 earlier early RBR cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 14 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 15 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 16 use use VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 17 numerous numerous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 18 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 19 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 20 escape escape VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 21 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 22 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 23 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 24 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 25 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 26 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 27 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 28 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 295 29 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 2 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 3 either either CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 4 hide hide VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 6 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 7 genomes genome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 8 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 9 cleave cleave VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 11 degrade degrade VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 13 post post VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 14 - - NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 15 translationally translationally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 16 modify modify VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 17 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 18 even even RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 19 relocalize relocalize NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 20 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 21 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 23 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 24 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 26 205 205 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 296 28 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 1 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 2 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 5 HBV HBV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 8 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 9 causes cause VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 10 chronic chronic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 11 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 13 increases increase VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 15 risk risk NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 16 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 17 developing develop VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 18 liver liver NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 19 cirrhosis cirrhosis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 21 hepatocellular hepatocellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 22 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 24 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 25 developed develop VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 26 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 27 array array NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 29 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 30 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 31 inhibit inhibit VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 32 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 33 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 34 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 35 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 36 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 38 reviewed review VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 39 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 41 206 206 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 297 44 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 1 Notably notably RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 4 HBV HBV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 5 polymerase polymerase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 6 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 7 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 8 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 9 STING sting VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 10 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 11 block block VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 13 Lys63-linked lys63-linked NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 14 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 16 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 17 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 18 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 19 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 20 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 21 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 22 β β NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 24 207 207 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 298 26 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 3 even even RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 4 though though IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 5 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 6 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 7 expressed express VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 8 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 9 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 10 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 12 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 13 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 15 sense sense VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 17 signal signal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 18 upon upon IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 19 transfection transfection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 20 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 21 naked naked JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 22 relaxed relaxed JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 24 circular circular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 25 HBV HBV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 26 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 27 ; ; : cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 28 during during IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 29 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 30 natural natural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 31 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 32 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 33 HBV HBV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 34 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 35 seems seem VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 36 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 37 escape escape VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 38 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 39 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 40 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 41 likely likely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 42 due due IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 43 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 44 packaging packaging NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 45 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 46 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 47 genome genome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 48 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 49 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 50 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 51 capsid capsid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 53 208 208 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 299 55 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 1 KSHV KSHV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 3 another another DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 4 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 5 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 6 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 7 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 8 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 9 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 10 act act VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 11 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 12 both both CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 13 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 15 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 300 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 1 Several several JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 2 KSHV KSHV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 3 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 5 e.g. e.g. RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 7 ORF52 ORF52 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 9 LANA LANA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 301 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 1 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 2 either either CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 3 sequestrate sequestrate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 4 stimulatory stimulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 5 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 6 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 7 directly directly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 8 bind bind VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 9 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 10 cGAS cgas VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 11 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 13 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 14 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 16 209 209 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 18 210 210 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 302 20 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 1 KSHV KSHV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 2 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 3 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 4 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 5 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 7 encode encode VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 8 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 9 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 10 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 11 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 12 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 14 vIRF1 vIRF1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 16 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 17 interacts interact VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 18 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 19 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 20 thereby thereby RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 21 preventing prevent VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 22 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 23 binding binding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 24 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 25 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 26 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 27 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 28 TBK1-dependent TBK1-dependent NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 29 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 31 211 211 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 303 33 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 2 NS3 ns3 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 3 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 5 DENV DENV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 7 together together RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 8 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 10 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 11 co co NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 12 - - NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 13 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 14 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 15 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 16 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 17 shown show VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 18 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 19 target target VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 20 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 21 residues residue NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 22 93 93 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 24 96 96 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 26 LRRG LRRG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 29 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 30 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 31 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 32 leading lead VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 33 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 35 cleavage cleavage NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 36 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 37 degradation degradation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 39 212 212 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 40 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 41 213 213 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 304 43 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 3 mouse mouse NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 4 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 5 lacks lack VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 6 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 7 LRRG LRRG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 8 residues residue NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 11 NS2B NS2B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 12 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 13 NS3 ns3 RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 15 DENV DENV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 16 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 17 neither neither CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 18 able able JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 19 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 20 cleave cleave VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 22 murine murine JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 23 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 24 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 25 nor nor CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 26 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 27 block block VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 28 murine murine JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 29 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 31 β β NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 32 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 305 33 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 4 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 5 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 6 proposed propose VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 7 that that IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 9 inability inability NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 11 DENV DENV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 12 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 13 cleave cleave VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 14 mouse mouse NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 15 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 16 might may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 17 explain explain VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 19 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 20 tropism tropism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 22 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 23 murine murine JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 24 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 25 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 26 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 27 very very RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 28 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 29 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 30 DENV DENV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 31 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 33 212 212 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 35 213 213 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 306 37 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 1 In in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 2 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 4 PRRs prr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 5 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 7 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 8 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 9 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 10 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 11 early early JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 13 potent potent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 15 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 16 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 17 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 18 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 20 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 21 mobilize mobilize VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 22 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 23 organism organism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 24 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 25 defenses defense NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 26 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 27 inducing induce VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 28 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 29 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 30 state state NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 307 31 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 1 Major major JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 2 advances advance NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 3 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 4 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 5 made make VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 8 last last JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 9 two two CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 10 decades decade NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 13 understanding understanding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 16 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 18 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 19 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 308 20 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 1 New new JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 2 genomics genomic NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 3 data datum NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 5 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 6 editing editing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 7 tools tool NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 8 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 9 now now RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 10 let let VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 11 us -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 12 interrogate interrogate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 13 PRR PRR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 15 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 16 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 18 poorly poorly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 19 studied study VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 20 animal animal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 21 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 22 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 23 define define VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 26 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 309 27 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 1 Studying study VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 3 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 5 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 6 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 9 interplay interplay NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 10 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 11 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 13 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 14 extremely extremely RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 15 important important JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 16 since since IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 17 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 18 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 19 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 20 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 21 contemporary contemporary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 22 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 23 have have VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 24 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 25 shaped shape VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 26 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 27 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 28 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 29 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 30 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 31 previous previous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 32 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 310 33 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 2 modern modern JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 3 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 4 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 5 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 6 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 7 generally generally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 8 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 9 yet yet RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 10 optimized optimize VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 11 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 12 modern modern JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 13 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 14 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 15 rather rather RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 16 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 17 selected select VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 18 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 19 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 20 previous previous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 21 rounds round NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 22 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 23 co co NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 24 - - NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 25 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 26 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 27 ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 28 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 30 214 214 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 311 32 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 1 Studying study VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 2 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 3 biological biological JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 4 arms arm NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 5 race race NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 6 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 7 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 9 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 11 referred refer VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 12 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 13 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 15 " " `` cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 16 Red Red NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 17 Queen Queen NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 18 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 19 " " '' cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 21 215 215 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 24 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 25 which which WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 26 each each DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 27 entity entity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 28 maintains maintain VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 29 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 30 relatively relatively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 31 constant constant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 32 fitness fitness NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 33 cost cost NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 34 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 35 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 36 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 37 instrumental instrumental JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 38 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 39 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 40 fight fight NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 41 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 42 future future JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 43 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 312 44 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 1 Such such JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 2 studies study NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 3 will will MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 4 help help VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 5 us -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 6 understand understand VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 7 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 8 aspects aspect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 9 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 10 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 11 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 12 including include VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 13 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 14 zoonoses zoonosis NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 15 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 16 tropism tropism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 17 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 18 global global JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 19 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 20 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 21 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 22 progression progression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 313 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 3 exploring explore VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 4 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 5 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 6 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 8 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 9 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 10 purposes purpose NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 11 may may MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 12 offer offer VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 13 novel novel JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 14 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 15 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 16 cure cure VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 17 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 18 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 314 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 3 modulating modulate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 5 action action NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 8 aforementioned aforementioned JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 9 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 10 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 11 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 12 proving prove VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 13 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 14 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 15 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 16 effective effective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 17 strategy strategy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 18 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 19 develop develop VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 20 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 22 vaccine vaccine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 23 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 25 216 216 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 28 217 217 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 31 218 218 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 34 219 219 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 37 220 220 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 39 or or CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 40 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 41 treat treat VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 42 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 43 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 45 221 221 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 48 222 222 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 51 223 223 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 54 224 224 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 56 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 57 225 225 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 60 226 226 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 315 62 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 1 Finally finally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 2 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 4 use use NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 6 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 7 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 8 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 10 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 11 modulators modulator NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 12 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 13 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 14 treat treat VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 15 inflammation inflammation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 17 auto auto NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 19 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 20 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 22 227 227 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 24 228 228 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 26 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 27 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 28 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 29 cancer cancer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 30 immunotherapy immunotherapy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 32 229 229 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 316 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 2 230 230 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 5 231 231 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 8 232 232 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 317 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 318 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 318 2 233 233 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 318 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 319 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 319 2 234 234 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 319 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 2 235 235 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 5 236 236 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 7 provides provide VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 8 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 9 eloquent eloquent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 10 incentive incentive NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 11 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 12 continue continue VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 13 studying study VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 14 these these DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 15 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 17 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 18 look look VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 19 ahead ahead RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 20 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 21 great great JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 22 optimism optimism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 23 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 320 24 _SP cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 2 virocentric virocentric JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 3 perspective perspective NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 4 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 6 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 8 life life NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 9 Evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 11 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 321 12 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 1 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 2 Clues clue NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 3 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 4 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 5 via via IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 6 fish fish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 7 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 8 mammals mammal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 9 Evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 11 interferons interferon NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 13 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 14 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 15 Transcriptional Transcriptional NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 16 regulation regulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 19 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 20 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 21 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 22 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 23 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 24 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 25 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 26 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 27 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 28 memory memory NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 29 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 30 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 31 oyster oyster NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 32 Dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 33 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 34 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 35 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 36 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 37 regulators regulator NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 322 38 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 2 history history NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 5 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 6 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 7 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 8 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 10 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 11 factor-1 factor-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 12 bypasses bypass VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 15 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 17 effects effect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 18 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 19 viperin viperin NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 20 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 21 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 22 Constitutive constitutive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 23 expression expression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 24 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 25 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 26 ISGF2 ISGF2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 27 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 28 IRF1 IRF1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 29 transgene transgene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 30 leads lead VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 31 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 32 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 33 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 34 independent independent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 35 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 36 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 37 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 38 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 39 inducible inducible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 40 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 41 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 42 resistance resistance NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 43 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 44 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 45 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 46 Transcriptional Transcriptional NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 47 profiling profiling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 48 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 49 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 50 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 51 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 52 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 53 target target NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 54 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 323 55 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 1 Direct direct JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 2 involvement involvement NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 3 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 5 regulation regulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 7 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 9 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 10 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 11 Phylogenetic Phylogenetic NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 12 analysis analysis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 15 endoribonuclease endoribonuclease NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 16 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 324 17 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 1 Early early JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 2 origins origin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 3 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 4 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 6 microRNAs microRNAs NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 8 Piwi piwi NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 10 interacting interact VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 11 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 325 13 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 3 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 4 structural structural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 5 analysis analysis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 8 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 9 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 10 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 11 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 13 STING sting VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 14 Ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 15 origin origin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 16 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 17 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 19 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 20 reveals reveal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 21 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 22 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 23 universal universal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 24 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 25 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 26 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 27 cGAMP cgamp NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 28 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 29 Ancient ancient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 30 origins origin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 31 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 32 vertebrate vertebrate NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 33 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 34 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 35 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 36 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 326 37 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 2 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 4 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 5 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 7 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 8 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 9 Evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 11 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 12 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 13 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 15 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 17 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 18 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 19 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 20 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 21 Independent independent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 22 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 23 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 24 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 25 grafting graft VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 26 NF nf NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 27 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 28 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 29 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 30 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 31 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 32 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 33 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 34 insect insect NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 35 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 327 36 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 328 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 328 2 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 328 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 328 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 328 5 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 328 6 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 2 frustrated frustrated JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 3 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 4 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 5 Origins origin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 7 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 8 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 9 expression expression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 10 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 11 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 12 directed direct VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 13 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 14 small small JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 16 CRISPR CRISPR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 17 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 18 Cas Cas NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 19 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 329 21 prokaryotes prokaryote NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 3 journey journey NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 5 Argonaute Argonaute NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 6 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 7 On on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 9 origin origin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 11 functions function NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 13 RNA rna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 15 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 16 silencing silencing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 17 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 18 From from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 19 protists protist NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 20 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 21 man man VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 23 interference interference NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 24 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 25 treat treat VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 26 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 27 infections infection NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 28 Specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 29 interference interference NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 30 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 31 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 32 expression expression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 33 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 34 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 35 long long JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 36 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 37 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 38 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 39 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 41 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 42 mouse mouse NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 43 embryonal embryonal NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 44 teratocarcinoma teratocarcinoma NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 45 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 46 lines line NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 47 Antiviral Antiviral NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 48 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 49 interference interference NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 50 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 51 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 52 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 53 Transposition transposition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 54 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 55 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 56 RAG1 RAG1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 57 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 58 RAG2 RAG2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 59 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 60 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 61 implications implication NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 62 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 63 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 64 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 65 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 66 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 67 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 68 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 69 Primordial primordial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 70 emergence emergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 71 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 72 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 73 recombination recombination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 74 activating activate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 75 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 76 1 1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 78 RAG1 RAG1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 80 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 81 Sequence sequence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 82 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 83 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 84 complete complete JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 85 shark shark NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 86 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 87 indicates indicate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 88 homology homology NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 89 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 90 microbial microbial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 91 integrases integrase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 92 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 93 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 94 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 95 systems system NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 96 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 97 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 98 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 99 transposable transposable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 330 100 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 1 Re re NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 2 - - NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 3 evaluation evaluation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 5 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 6 immunological immunological JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 7 Big Big NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 8 Bang Bang NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 9 Pattern Pattern NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 10 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 13 control control NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 15 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 16 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 17 Approaching approach VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 19 asymptote asymptote NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 331 20 ? ? . cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 1 Evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 2 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 3 revolution revolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 4 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 5 immunology immunology NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 6 Crosstalk crosstalk NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 7 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 8 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 9 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 10 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 13 STING sting VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 14 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 15 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 16 Discriminating discriminate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 17 self self NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 18 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 19 non non JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 20 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 21 self self JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 22 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 23 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 24 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 25 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 26 Innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 27 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 28 pattern pattern NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 332 29 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 1 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 2 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 3 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 4 biological biological NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 5 perspective perspective NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 6 Recognition Recognition NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 8 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 10 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 13 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 15 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 17 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 18 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 19 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 20 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 21 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 22 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 23 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 24 Recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 25 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 26 single single RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 27 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 28 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 30 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 31 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 32 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 33 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 34 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 35 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 36 7 7 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 37 Human Human NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 38 TLR-7- TLR-7- NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 39 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 40 -8- -8- : cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 41 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 42 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 43 -9-mediated -9-mediated JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 44 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 45 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 46 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 47 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 48 alpha alpha NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 49 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 50 beta beta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 51 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 52 -lambda -lambda NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 53 Is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 54 IRAK-4 irak-4 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 55 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 56 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 57 redundant redundant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 58 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 59 protective protective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 60 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 61 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 333 62 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 3 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 4 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 5 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 7 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 8 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 9 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 10 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 11 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 12 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 13 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 14 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 15 RNA rna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 17 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 18 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 334 20 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 2 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 3 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 5 polymerase polymerase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 6 III III NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 8 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 9 dsDNA dsdna RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 11 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 12 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 14 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 15 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 16 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 17 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 18 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 19 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 20 E3 E3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 23 III III NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 24 detects detect VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 25 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 26 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 27 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 28 induces induce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 29 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 30 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 31 interferons interferon NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 32 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 33 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 34 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 35 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 36 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 37 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 38 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 39 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 40 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 41 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 42 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 43 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 44 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 45 poly(dA poly(dA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 46 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 47 dT dT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 49 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 50 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 51 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 52 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 53 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 54 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 55 polymerase polymerase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 56 III III NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 57 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 58 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 59 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 60 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 61 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 62 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 63 PK PK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 64 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 65 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 66 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 67 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 68 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 69 IRF-3-dependent irf-3-dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 70 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 335 71 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 1 DLM-1 DLM-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 2 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 3 ZBP1 ZBP1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 5 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 6 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 7 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 8 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 9 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 11 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 12 activator activator NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 14 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 15 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 336 16 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 2 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 3 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 4 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 6 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 7 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 8 Why why WRB cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 9 so so RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 10 many many JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 337 12 ? ? . cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 1 Immunobiology Immunobiology NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 2 IFI16 IFI16 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 3 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 4 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 5 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 6 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 7 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 8 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 9 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 338 10 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 2 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 3 DDX41 ddx41 VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 4 senses sense NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 6 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 8 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 10 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 11 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 13 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 14 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 15 Adenovirus Adenovirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 16 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 17 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 18 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 19 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 20 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 21 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 22 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 23 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 24 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 25 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 26 cascade cascade NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 27 Pan pan JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 28 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 29 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 30 specificity specificity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 31 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 32 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 33 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 34 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 339 35 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 1 reveals reveal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 2 new new JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 3 roles role NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 4 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 5 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 7 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 340 8 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 1 Cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 2 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 4 AMP AMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 5 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 6 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 7 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 8 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 9 messenger messenger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 11 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 12 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 13 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 14 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 15 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 16 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 17 AIM2 AIM2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 18 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 19 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 20 dsDNA dsdna RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 22 forms form VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 23 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 24 caspase-1-activating caspase-1-activate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 25 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 26 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 27 ASC ASC NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 28 TICAM-1 TICAM-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 29 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 30 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 31 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 32 molecule molecule NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 33 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 34 participates participate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 35 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 36 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 37 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 38 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 39 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 40 3-mediated 3-mediated CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 41 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 42 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 43 beta beta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 44 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 45 Role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 46 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 47 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 48 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 49 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 50 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 51 MyD88-independent MyD88-independent NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 52 toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 53 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 54 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 55 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 56 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 57 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 58 Specificity Specificity NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 59 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 60 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 61 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 62 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 63 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 64 signalling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 65 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 66 distinct distinct JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 67 effector effector NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 68 functions function NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 69 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 70 TRAF3 traf3 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 71 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 72 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 73 Critical critical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 74 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 75 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 76 TRAF3 traf3 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 77 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 78 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 79 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 80 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 81 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 82 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 83 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 84 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 85 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 341 86 -independent -independent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 342 1 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 342 2 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 342 3 Type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 2 interferon interferon VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 4 corrected correct VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 6 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 7 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 8 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 10 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 11 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 12 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 13 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 15 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 343 16 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 1 Cutting cut VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 2 edge edge NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 3 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 4 TNFR TNFR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 6 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 7 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 9 TRAF TRAF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 11 6 6 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 12 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 13 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 14 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 15 MyD88-dependent MyD88-dependent NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 16 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 344 17 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 345 1 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 345 2 toll/ toll/ CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 1 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 2 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 3 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 4 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 5 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 6 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 8 inducing induce VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 9 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 11 beta beta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 13 TRIF)-dependent trif)-dependent CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 14 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 15 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 16 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 17 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 18 Interferon Interferon NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 19 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 20 alpha alpha NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 21 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 22 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 23 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 24 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 25 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 346 26 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 1 involves involve VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 2 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 3 direct direct JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 4 interaction interaction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 5 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 6 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 7 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 8 MyD88 MyD88 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 10 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 11 Helical Helical NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 12 assembly assembly NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 15 MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 16 complex complex NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 18 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 19 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 20 IL-1R IL-1R NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 21 signalling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 22 Protein Protein NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 23 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 24 IKKbeta ikkbeta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 25 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 26 catalyzed catalyze VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 27 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 29 IRF5 IRF5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 30 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 347 31 Ser462 ser462 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 1 induces induce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 3 dimerization dimerization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 4 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 5 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 6 translocation translocation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 8 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 348 9 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 1 An an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 2 oligomeric oligomeric JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 3 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 4 platform platform NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 5 formed form VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 6 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 8 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 10 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 11 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 12 signal signal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 13 transducers transducer NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 14 MyD88 MyD88 NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 16 IRAK-4 irak-4 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 17 IKKbeta ikkbeta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 18 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 19 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 20 IRF5 IRF5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 21 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 22 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 23 instigates instigate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 24 inflammation inflammation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 25 Interleukin-1 Interleukin-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 26 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 27 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 28 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 349 29 kinase-1 kinase-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 1 plays play VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 2 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 3 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 4 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 5 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 6 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 8 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 9 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 11 TLR)7-and tlr)7-and JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 12 TLR9-mediated tlr9-mediated JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 13 interferon-{alpha interferon-{alpha NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 14 } } -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 15 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 16 Structural structural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 17 basis basis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 20 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 21 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 22 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 23 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 24 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 25 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 26 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 27 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 28 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 29 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 30 Structural structural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 31 basis basis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 32 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 33 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 34 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 35 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 36 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 37 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 38 pattern pattern NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 39 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 40 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 41 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 350 42 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 1 -I -I NFP cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 2 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 3 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 6 assembles assemble VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 7 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 8 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 9 polar polar JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 10 helical helical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 11 filament filament NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 12 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 351 13 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 1 Cooperative cooperative JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 2 assembly assembly NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 3 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 4 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 5 disassembly disassembly NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 7 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 8 filaments filament NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 9 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 10 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 11 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 12 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 13 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 14 RING ring NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 15 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 16 finger finger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 17 E3 e3 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 18 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 19 ligase ligase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 20 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 21 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 22 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 23 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 24 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 25 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 27 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 28 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 29 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 30 Ubiquitin Ubiquitin NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 31 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 32 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 33 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 34 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 35 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 36 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 37 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 38 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 39 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 40 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 41 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 42 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 43 activates activate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 44 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 45 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 46 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 352 47 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 1 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 2 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 3 RNF135 RNF135 NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 5 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 6 RING ring NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 7 finger finger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 8 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 9 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 10 ubiquitinates ubiquitinates NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 11 RIG RIG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 12 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 353 13 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 1 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 2 promote promote VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 3 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 4 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 5 beta beta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 6 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 7 during during IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 9 early early JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 10 phase phase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 12 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 354 13 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 2 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 3 ligase ligase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 4 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 5 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 6 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 7 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 8 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 10 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 13 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 14 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 15 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 16 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 18 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 19 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 20 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 21 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 22 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 23 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 24 triggering trigger VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 25 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 27 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 28 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 29 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 355 30 Mda5-mediated Mda5-mediated NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 356 1 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 357 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 2 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 3 Cardif Cardif NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 4 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 5 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 6 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 7 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 8 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 10 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 11 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 12 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 14 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 16 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 17 targeted target VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 18 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 19 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 20 C C NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 21 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 22 Identification identification NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 24 characterization characterization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 25 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 26 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 27 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 28 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 29 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 30 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 31 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 32 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 33 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 34 activates activate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 35 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 36 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 37 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 38 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 39 IRF IRF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 40 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 41 Essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 42 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 43 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 44 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 45 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 46 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 47 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 48 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 49 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 50 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 358 51 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 1 An an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 2 autoinhibitory autoinhibitory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 4 modulates modulate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 5 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 6 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 8 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 9 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 10 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 359 11 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 1 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 2 forms form VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 3 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 4 prion prion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 6 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 7 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 8 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 9 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 11 propagate propagate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 13 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 14 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 360 15 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 1 Structural structural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 2 basis basis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 3 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 5 prion prion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 7 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 8 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 9 filaments filament NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 12 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 13 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 14 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 15 recruits recruit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 17 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 18 E3 e3 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 19 ligases ligase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 20 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 21 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 23 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 24 cascades cascade NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 25 Activation Activation NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 26 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 27 IKK IKK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 28 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 29 TNFalpha TNFalpha NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 30 requires require VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 31 site site NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 32 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 33 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 34 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 35 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 36 RIP1 RIP1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 37 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 38 polyubiquitin polyubiquitin NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 39 binding bind VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 40 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 41 NEMO NEMO NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 42 Sensing Sensing NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 43 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 361 44 Lys Lys NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 1 63-linked 63-linked CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 2 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 3 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 4 NEMO NEMO NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 5 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 6 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 7 key key JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 8 event event NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 10 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 12 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 13 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 14 Key key JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 15 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 16 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 17 Ubc5 Ubc5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 19 lysine-63 lysine-63 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 20 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 21 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 22 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 23 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 24 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 25 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 26 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 27 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 28 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 29 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 30 reticulum reticulum NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 31 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 32 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 33 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 34 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 35 immune immune NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 36 signalling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 37 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 38 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 39 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 40 MITA MITA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 41 links link VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 42 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 43 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 44 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 45 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 46 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 47 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 48 transcription transcription NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 49 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 50 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 51 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 362 52 regulates regulate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 363 1 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 363 2 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 363 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 363 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 363 5 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 1 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 3 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 4 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 5 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 6 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 7 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 8 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 9 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 10 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 11 direct direct JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 12 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 13 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 14 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 15 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 16 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 17 di di FW cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 18 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 19 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 20 Coordinated Coordinated NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 21 regulation regulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 22 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 23 accessory accessory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 25 elements element NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 26 produces produce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 27 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 28 di di NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 29 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 30 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 31 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 32 V. V. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 33 cholerae cholerae NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 34 virulence virulence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 35 MPYS MPYS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 36 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 37 required require VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 38 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 39 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 40 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 41 factor factor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 42 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 43 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 44 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 45 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 46 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 47 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 48 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 49 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 50 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 51 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 52 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 53 cultured cultured JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 54 phagocytes phagocyte NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 55 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 56 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 57 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 58 messengers messenger NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 59 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 60 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 61 di di FW cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 62 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 63 AMP amp NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 64 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 65 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 66 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 67 di di FW cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 68 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 364 69 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 2 N N NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 4 ethyl ethyl NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 6 N N NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 8 nitrosourea nitrosourea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 10 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 11 Goldenticket Goldenticket NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 12 mouse mouse NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 13 mutant mutant NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 14 reveals reveal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 15 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 16 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 17 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 19 Sting Sting NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 21 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 22 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 23 vivo vivo FW cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 24 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 25 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 26 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 27 Listeria Listeria NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 28 monocytogenes monocytogenes NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 29 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 30 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 365 31 dinucleotides dinucleotide NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 1 Cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 2 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 4 AMP AMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 5 synthase synthase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 6 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 7 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 8 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 9 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 10 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 13 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 14 other other JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 366 15 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 1 Pivotal pivotal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 2 roles role NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 4 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 6 cGAMP cgamp NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 7 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 8 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 10 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 12 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 13 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 14 effects effect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 15 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 16 senses sense NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 17 long long RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 19 HMGB HMGB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 20 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 21 TFAM TFAM NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 22 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 23 bound bind VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 24 U u NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 25 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 26 turn turn NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 27 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 28 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 29 forming form VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 30 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 31 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 32 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 367 33 ladders ladder NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 368 1 Cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 1 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 2 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 3 AMP AMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 4 synthase synthase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 5 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 6 activated activate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 7 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 8 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 10 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 11 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 12 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 13 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 14 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 15 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 16 produces produce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 17 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 18 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 19 -5 -5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 20 -linked -linked JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 21 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 22 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 23 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 24 messenger messenger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 25 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 26 activates activate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 27 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 28 Cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 29 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 31 AMP AMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 32 containing contain VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 33 mixed mixed JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 34 phosphodiester phosphodiester NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 369 35 linkages linkage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 1 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 2 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 3 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 4 high high JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 6 affinity affinity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 7 ligand ligand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 8 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 9 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 10 Viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 11 transfer transfer VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 14 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 15 messenger messenger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 16 cGAMP cGAMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 17 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 18 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 19 Transmission transmission NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 20 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 21 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 22 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 23 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 24 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 25 packaging packaging NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 26 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 27 cGAMP cGAMP NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 28 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 29 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 30 particles particle NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 31 Structure structure NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 32 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 33 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 34 analysis analysis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 35 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 36 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 37 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 38 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 39 c[G(2 c[G(2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 40 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 41 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 43 pA(3 pA(3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 44 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 45 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 47 p p NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 49 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 50 targeting target VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 51 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 52 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 53 DMXAA DMXAA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 54 Atg9a Atg9a NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 55 controls control VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 56 dsDNA dsdna RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 57 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 58 driven drive VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 59 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 60 translocation translocation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 61 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 62 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 63 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 64 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 65 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 66 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 370 67 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 1 Phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 2 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 3 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 4 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 5 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 6 proteins protein NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 7 MAVS mavs RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 9 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 10 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 12 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 13 induces induce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 14 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 15 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 16 Activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 18 STAT6 stat6 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 19 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 20 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 21 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 22 critical critical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 23 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 24 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 25 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 371 26 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 1 Cytosolic Cytosolic NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 2 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 3 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 4 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 5 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 7 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 9 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 10 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 11 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 12 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 13 necessitates necessitate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 14 canonical canonical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 15 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 17 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 18 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 19 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 20 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 21 Activation Activation NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 22 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 23 autophagy autophagy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 24 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 25 alpha alpha NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 26 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 27 herpesviruses herpesviruse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 28 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 29 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 30 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 31 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 32 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 33 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 34 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 35 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 36 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 37 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 38 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 39 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 40 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 41 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 42 stimulator stimulator NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 43 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 44 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 45 genes genes NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 46 Establishment Establishment NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 47 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 48 dorsal dorsal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 49 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 50 ventral ventral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 51 polarity polarity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 52 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 53 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 54 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 55 embryo embryo NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 372 56 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 2 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 4 polarity polarity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 5 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 7 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 8 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 9 product product NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 10 Signals signal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 11 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 13 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 14 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 15 homolog homolog NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 16 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 17 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 18 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 19 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 20 activate activate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 21 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 22 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 23 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 24 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 25 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 26 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 27 hemocyte hemocyte NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 28 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 373 29 line line NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 2 dorsoventral dorsoventral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 3 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 4 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 5 cassette cassette NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 6 spatzle spatzle NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 7 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 8 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 9 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 10 cactus cactus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 11 controls control VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 13 potent potent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 14 antifungal antifungal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 15 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 16 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 17 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 18 adults adult NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 19 Chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 20 localization localization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 21 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 22 TIL TIL NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 23 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 24 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 25 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 26 encoding encode VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 27 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 28 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 29 related relate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 30 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 31 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 32 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 33 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 34 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 35 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 36 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 37 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 38 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 374 39 chromosome chromosome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 1 4p14 4p14 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 2 Prediction Prediction NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 4 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 5 coding coding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 6 sequences sequence NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 8 unidentified unidentified JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 9 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 10 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 375 11 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 376 1 I. I. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 2 coding code VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 3 sequences sequence NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 5 40 40 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 6 new new JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 7 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 9 KIAA0001-KIAA0040 KIAA0001-KIAA0040 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 11 deduced deduce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 12 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 13 analysis analysis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 15 randomly randomly RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 16 sampled sample VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 17 cDNA cdna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 18 clones clone NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 19 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 20 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 21 immature immature JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 22 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 23 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 24 line line NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 25 KG-1 KG-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 26 Defective defective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 27 LPS lp NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 28 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 29 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 30 C3H c3h NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 31 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 32 HeJ hej NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 33 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 34 C57BL/10ScCr c57bl/10sccr JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 35 mice mouse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 377 36 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 378 1 Mutations mutation NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 378 2 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 378 3 Tlr4 Tlr4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 378 4 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 2 role role NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 4 pattern pattern NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 6 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 7 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 8 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 9 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 10 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 11 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 12 Update update NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 13 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 14 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 15 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 16 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 17 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 18 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 19 origins origin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 20 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 21 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 22 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 23 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 24 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 25 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 26 Innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 27 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 28 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 29 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 30 simplest simple JJS cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 31 animals animal NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 32 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 33 Placozoans Placozoans NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 34 Sea Sea NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 35 anemone anemone NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 36 model model NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 37 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 38 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 39 single single JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 40 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 41 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 42 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 43 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 44 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 45 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 46 function function VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 47 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 48 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 49 detection detection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 50 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 51 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 52 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 53 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 54 signal signal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 55 transduction transduction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 56 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 57 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 379 58 development development NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 2 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 3 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 4 repertoire repertoire NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 6 cnidaria cnidaria NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 7 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 8 Ancestral ancestral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 9 complexity complexity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 11 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 12 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 13 loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 14 Differential Differential NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 15 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 16 convergent convergent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 17 utilization utilization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 19 autophagy autophagy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 20 components component NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 21 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 22 positive positive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 23 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 24 strand strand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 380 26 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 1 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 2 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 3 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 4 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 5 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 6 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 8 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 10 NF nf NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 12 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 13 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 14 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 15 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 17 endangered endanger VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 18 coral coral NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 19 Orbicella Orbicella NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 20 faveolata faveolata NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 21 Genomic genomic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 22 insights insight NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 23 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 24 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 25 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 26 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 27 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 28 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 29 sea sea NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 30 urchin urchin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 31 Massively massively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 32 parallel parallel JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 34 sequencing sequencing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 35 identifies identify VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 36 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 37 complex complex JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 38 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 39 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 40 repertoire repertoire NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 41 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 42 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 43 lophotrochozoan lophotrochozoan NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 44 Mytilus Mytilus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 45 edulis edulis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 46 Massive massive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 47 expansion expansion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 48 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 49 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 50 divergence divergence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 51 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 52 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 53 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 54 genes gene NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 55 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 56 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 381 57 protostome protostome NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 1 Teleost Teleost NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 2 TLR22 TLR22 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 3 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 5 duplex duplex NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 6 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 7 induce induce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 8 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 9 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 10 protect protect VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 11 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 12 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 382 13 birnaviruses birnaviruse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 1 Adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 2 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 4 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 6 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 7 toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 9 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 10 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 11 8 8 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 12 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 383 13 bats bat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 2 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 4 bat bat NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 5 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 6 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 8 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 9 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 11 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 13 Immune immune VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 14 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 15 modulation modulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 16 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 17 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 18 persistence persistence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 19 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 20 bats bat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 384 21 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 2 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 3 spillover spillover NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 4 Origin origin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 5 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 6 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 385 9 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 1 -I -I NFP cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 2 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 4 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 5 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 6 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 7 Characterization characterization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 8 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 10 mollusc mollusc NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 11 RIG RIG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 12 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 13 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 14 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 15 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 386 16 pathway pathway NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 1 reveals reveal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 2 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 3 archaic archaic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 5 signalling signalling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 6 framework framework NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 8 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 9 Retinoic retinoic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 10 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 12 inducible inducible JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 13 gene gene NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 14 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 16 RIG RIG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 17 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 18 I)-like I)-like NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 19 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 21 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 23 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 24 fish fish NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 25 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 26 Current current JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 27 knowledge knowledge NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 28 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 29 future future JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 387 30 perspectives perspective NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 1 Chicken chicken NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 2 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 3 sense sense VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 4 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 5 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 6 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 7 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 8 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 9 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 11 CARDIF CARDIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 12 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 13 involving involve VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 14 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 15 Association Association NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 16 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 17 RIG RIG NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 18 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 20 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 21 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 22 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 23 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 24 ducks duck NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 25 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 26 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 27 Genome Genome NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 29 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 30 Chinese chinese JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 31 tree tree NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 32 shrew shrew NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 33 Loss loss NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 34 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 388 35 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 1 -I -i WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 2 leads lead VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 3 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 4 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 5 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 6 replacement replacement NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 7 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 11 Chinese chinese JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 12 tree tree NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 389 13 shrew shrew NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 2 kinase kinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 3 IKKbeta ikkbeta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 4 regulates regulate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 5 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 6 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 9 NF nf NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 11 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 12 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 13 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 15 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 16 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 17 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 390 18 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 2 Jak Jak NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 4 STAT STAT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 5 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 6 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 7 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 8 required require VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 9 but but CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 10 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 11 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 12 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 13 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 15 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 16 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 17 drosophila drosophila NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 18 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 20 silencing silencing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 21 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 22 Argonaute Argonaute NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 391 23 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 1 mediates mediate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 2 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 4 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 5 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 6 Drosophila Drosophila NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 7 melanogaster melanogaster NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 8 Essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 9 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 10 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 11 vivo vivo NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 12 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 13 Dicer-2 Dicer-2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 14 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 15 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 16 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 17 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 19 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 20 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 21 drosophila drosophila NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 22 Sensing Sensing NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 23 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 24 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 25 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 26 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 27 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 392 28 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 393 1 -I -I NFP cord-312001-8p7scli8 393 2 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 393 3 ATPases atpase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 394 1 across across IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 394 2 species specie NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 2 DExD DExD NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 3 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 4 H h NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 6 box box NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 7 helicase helicase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 8 Dicer-2 Dicer-2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 9 mediates mediate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 11 induction induction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 14 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 15 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 16 drosophila drosophila NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 17 Secreted secrete VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 18 Vago Vago NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 19 restricts restrict VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 20 West West NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 21 Nile Nile NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 22 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 23 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 24 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 25 Culex Culex NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 26 mosquito mosquito NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 27 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 28 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 29 activating activate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 30 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 31 Jak Jak NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 32 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 33 STAT STAT NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 34 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 35 Dicer-2-dependent Dicer-2-dependent NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 36 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 37 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 38 Culex Culex NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 39 Vago Vago NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 40 occurs occur VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 41 via via IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 42 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 43 TRAF TRAF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 44 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 45 Rel2 Rel2 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 46 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 47 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 48 Nucleic nucleic CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 49 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 50 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 51 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 52 invertebrate invertebrate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 53 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 395 54 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 2 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 3 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 5 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 6 core core NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 7 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 8 evolved evolve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 9 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 10 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 11 requirement requirement NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 12 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 13 allosteric allosteric JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 14 stabilization stabilization NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 15 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 17 Pincer Pincer NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 396 18 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 2 selective selective JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 3 footprints footprint NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 5 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 6 pressures pressure NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 7 at at IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 8 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 9 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 10 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 12 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 13 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 14 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 15 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 16 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 17 Evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 18 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 19 functional functional JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 20 impact impact NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 21 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 22 rare rare JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 23 coding coding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 24 variation variation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 25 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 26 deep deep JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 27 sequencing sequencing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 29 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 397 30 exomes exome NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 1 Cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 2 di di NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 4 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 5 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 6 enters enter VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 8 eukaryote eukaryote NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 9 domain domain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 10 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 11 origins origin NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 13 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 15 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 16 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 398 17 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 399 1 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 399 2 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 2 TIReless TIReless NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 3 quest quest VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 4 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 5 specificity specificity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 6 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 8 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 9 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 10 reveals reveal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 11 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 12 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 13 conserved conserve VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 14 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 15 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 16 Modular modular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 17 architecture architecture NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 19 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 20 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 21 C c NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 22 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 23 terminal terminal NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 24 tail tail NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 25 allows allow VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 26 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 27 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 28 NF NF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 29 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 30 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 31 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 400 32 adaptation adaptation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 1 Dampened dampened JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 2 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 4 dependent dependent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 5 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 6 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 7 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 8 bats bat NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 9 Structure Structure NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 10 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 11 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 12 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 13 reveals reveal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 14 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 15 conserved conserved JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 16 family family NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 18 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 19 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 20 messenger messenger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 21 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 22 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 23 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 24 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 26 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 27 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 28 metazoan metazoan NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 29 second second JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 30 messenger messenger NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 31 produced produce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 32 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 33 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 34 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 35 activated activate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 36 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 37 GMP GMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 38 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 39 AMP AMP NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 40 synthase synthase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 41 Structural structural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 42 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 43 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 44 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 45 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 46 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 47 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 48 cGAS cga VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 49 Overlapping overlapping JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 50 patterns pattern NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 51 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 52 rapid rapid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 53 evolution evolution NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 54 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 55 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 56 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 57 acid acid NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 58 sensors sensor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 59 cGAS cgas NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 60 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 61 OAS1 OAS1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 62 suggest suggest VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 63 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 64 common common JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 65 mechanism mechanism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 66 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 67 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 68 antagonism antagonism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 69 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 70 escape escape VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 71 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 72 discovery discovery NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 73 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 74 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 75 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 76 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 77 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 78 impact impact NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 79 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 80 anti anti JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 81 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 82 CRISPRs crisprs JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 83 Decoding Decoding NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 84 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 85 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 86 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 87 III III NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 88 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 89 signalling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 90 during during IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 91 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 92 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 93 Viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 94 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 95 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 96 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 97 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 98 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 99 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 100 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 101 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 102 Ten ten CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 103 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 104 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 105 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 106 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 107 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 108 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 109 Viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 110 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 111 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 112 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 113 DNA DNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 114 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 115 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 116 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 117 Viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 118 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 119 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 120 subversion subversion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 121 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 122 pattern pattern NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 123 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 124 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 125 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 126 signalling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 127 A46R A46R NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 128 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 129 A52R a52r NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 130 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 131 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 132 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 133 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 134 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 135 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 136 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 137 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 138 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 139 toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 140 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 141 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 142 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 143 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 144 Vaccinia Vaccinia NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 145 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 146 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 147 A46R A46R NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 148 targets target VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 149 multiple multiple JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 150 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 151 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 152 like like IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 153 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 154 interleukin-1 interleukin-1 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 155 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 156 adaptors adaptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 157 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 158 contributes contribute VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 159 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 401 160 virulence virulence NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 402 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 402 2 HTLV- HTLV- NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 2 p30 p30 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 3 interferes interfere VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 4 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 5 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 6 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 8 modulates modulate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 10 release release NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 11 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 12 pro pro JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 13 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 15 anti anti JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 16 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 17 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 18 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 19 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 20 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 21 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 22 Innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 23 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 24 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 25 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 26 enteroviruses enterovirus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 27 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 28 Insights insight NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 29 into into IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 30 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 31 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 32 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 33 interaction interaction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 34 Toll toll NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 35 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 36 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 37 receptors receptor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 38 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 39 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 40 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 403 41 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 1 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 2 C C NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 3 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 4 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 5 NS3/4A ns3/4a PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 6 cleaves cleave VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 7 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 8 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 9 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 10 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 11 off off IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 12 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 13 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 14 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 15 evade evade VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 16 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 17 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 18 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 19 coxsackievirus coxsackievirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 20 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 21 3C 3C NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 22 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 23 cleaves cleave VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 24 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 25 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 26 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 27 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 28 attenuate attenuate VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 29 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 404 30 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 3 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 4 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 5 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 6 Disruption disruption NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 7 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 8 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 9 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 10 due due JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 11 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 12 cleavage cleavage NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 13 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 14 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 15 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 16 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 17 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 18 A A NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 19 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 20 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 21 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 23 processing processing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 405 24 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 2 dengue dengue NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 3 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 4 conceals conceal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 5 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 6 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 7 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 11 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 12 membrane membrane NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 13 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 14 escape escape VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 15 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 16 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 17 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 406 18 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 1 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 2 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 3 VP35 VP35 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 4 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 5 binds bind VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 6 double double RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 7 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 8 stranded strand VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 10 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 11 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 12 alpha alpha NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 13 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 14 beta beta NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 15 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 16 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 17 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 18 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 407 19 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 1 -I -i DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 2 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 3 Structural structural JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 4 basis basis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 5 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 6 Marburg Marburg NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 7 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 8 VP35-mediated vp35-mediated CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 9 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 10 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 408 11 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 1 Sequestration sequestration NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 2 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 3 IFIT1 ifit1 JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 4 impairs impair VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 5 translation translation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 7 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 8 O o NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 10 unmethylated unmethylate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 11 capped cap VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 13 Old Old NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 14 World World NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 15 hantaviruses hantaviruse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 16 do do VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 17 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 18 produce produce VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 19 detectable detectable JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 20 amounts amount NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 21 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 22 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 23 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 24 infected infected JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 25 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 26 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 27 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 28 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 29 termini terminus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 30 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 32 genomic genomic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 33 RNAs rna NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 34 are be VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 35 monophosphorylated monophosphorylate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 36 Structure Structure NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 37 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 38 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 39 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 40 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 41 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 42 reveals reveal VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 43 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 44 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 45 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 46 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 47 3 3 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 48 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 49 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 50 exonuclease exonuclease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 51 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 52 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 53 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 54 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 55 suppression suppression NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 409 56 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 1 -I -I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 2 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 3 cleaved cleave VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 4 during during IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 5 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 6 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 7 Enterovirus Enterovirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 8 2Apro 2apro CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 9 targets target VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 10 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 12 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 13 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 14 infected infected JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 15 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 16 Cleavage cleavage NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 18 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 19 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 20 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 21 infected infect VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 22 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 23 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 24 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 25 Disruption disruption NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 26 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 27 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 28 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 29 due due IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 30 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 31 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 32 targeting targeting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 33 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 34 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 35 picornaviral picornaviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 36 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 37 precursor precursor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 38 Mitophagy Mitophagy NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 39 enhances enhance VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 40 oncolytic oncolytic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 41 measles measles NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 42 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 43 replication replication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 44 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 45 mitigating mitigate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 46 DDX58 DDX58 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 47 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 48 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 49 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 50 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 51 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 52 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 53 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 54 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 55 SARS SARS NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 56 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 57 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 58 open open JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 410 59 reading reading NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 1 frame-9b frame-9b NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 2 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 3 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 4 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 5 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 6 targeting target VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 7 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 10 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 11 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 12 TRAF3 TRAF3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 13 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 14 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 411 15 signalosome signalosome NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 2 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 3 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 4 NS1 ns1 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 5 targets target VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 6 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 7 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 8 ligase ligase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 9 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 10 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 11 evade evade VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 12 recognition recognition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 13 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 15 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 16 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 18 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 19 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 20 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 21 I I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 22 Deubiquitinating Deubiquitinating NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 23 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 24 interferon interferon NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 25 antagonism antagonism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 26 activities activity NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 27 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 28 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 29 papain papain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 30 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 31 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 32 proteases protease NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 33 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 34 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 412 35 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 1 -I -i RBS cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 2 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 3 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 4 signaling signaling NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 5 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 6 Kaposi Kaposi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 7 's 's POS cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 8 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 9 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 10 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 11 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 12 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 13 encoded encode VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 14 deubiquitinase deubiquitinase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 15 ORF64 ORF64 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 16 Deubiquitinase Deubiquitinase NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 17 function function NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 18 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 19 arterivirus arterivirus NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 20 papain papain NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 21 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 22 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 23 protease protease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 24 2 2 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 25 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 26 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 27 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 28 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 29 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 30 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 31 infected infected JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 32 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 33 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 34 Antagonism antagonism NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 35 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 36 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 37 phosphatase phosphatase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 38 PP1 PP1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 39 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 40 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 41 measles measle NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 42 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 43 V v NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 44 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 45 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 46 required require VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 47 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 48 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 49 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 50 escape escape NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 51 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 52 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 53 Measles Measles NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 413 54 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 1 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 2 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 4 I i NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 6 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 7 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 8 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 9 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 10 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 11 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 12 via via IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 13 DC DC NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 15 SIGN sign NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 16 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 17 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 18 inhibition inhibition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 19 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 20 PP1 PP1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 414 21 phosphatases phosphatase NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 2 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 4 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 5 defense defense NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 6 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 7 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 9 counteraction counteraction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 10 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 415 11 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 1 Immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 2 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 4 during during IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 5 chronic chronic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 6 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 7 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 9 C C NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 10 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 11 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 416 12 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 1 Vaccines vaccine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 3 Basel Basel NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 5 2017 2017 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 7 5 5 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 9 24 24 CD cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 10 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 11 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 12 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 13 polymerase polymerase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 14 disrupts disrupt VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 15 K63-linked k63-linke VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 16 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 17 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 18 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 19 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 20 block block VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 21 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 22 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 23 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 24 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 25 sensing sense VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 26 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 27 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 28 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 29 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 30 evasion evasion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 31 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 32 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 33 guanosine guanosine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 34 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 35 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 36 adenosine adenosine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 37 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 38 synthase synthase NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 39 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 40 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 41 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 42 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 43 Inhibition Inhibition NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 44 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 45 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 46 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 47 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 48 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 49 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 50 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 51 virion virion NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 52 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 53 Cytoplasmic Cytoplasmic NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 54 isoforms isoform NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 55 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 56 Kaposi Kaposi NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 57 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 58 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 59 LANA LANA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 60 recruit recruit VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 61 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 62 antagonize antagonize VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 63 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 64 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 65 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 66 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 67 sensor sensor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 68 cGAS cga VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 69 Modulation modulation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 70 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 71 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 72 cGAS cgas JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 73 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 74 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 75 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 76 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 77 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 78 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 79 gammaherpesviruses gammaherpesviruses NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 417 80 DENV DENV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 418 1 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 418 2 type type NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 3 production production NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 4 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 5 infected infected JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 6 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 7 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 8 cleaving cleave VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 9 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 10 STING STING NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 11 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 12 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 13 targets target VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 14 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 15 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 16 protein protein NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 17 MITA MITA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 18 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 19 subvert subvert VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 20 host host NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 21 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 22 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 23 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 24 conflicts conflict NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 25 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 26 viruses virus NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 27 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 28 restriction restriction NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 29 factors factor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 30 shape shape VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 419 31 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 3 conundrum conundrum NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 4 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 5 pathogen pathogen NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 6 mimicry mimicry NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 7 Enhanced enhance VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 8 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 9 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 11 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 12 particle particle NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 13 vaccination vaccination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 14 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 15 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 16 structurally structurally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 17 optimized optimize VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 18 RIG rig NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 19 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 20 I -PRON- PRP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 21 agonist agonist NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 22 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 23 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 24 PIKA PIKA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 25 as as IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 26 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 27 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 28 enhances enhance VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 29 specific specific JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 30 humoral humoral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 31 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 32 cellular cellular JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 33 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 34 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 35 following follow VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 36 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 37 vaccination vaccination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 38 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 39 mice mouse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 40 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 41 HBsAg HBsAg NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 42 plus plus CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 43 PIKA PIKA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 44 A A NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 45 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 46 ligand ligand NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 47 that that WDT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 48 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 49 potent potent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 50 inhibition inhibition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 51 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 52 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 53 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 54 replication replication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 55 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 56 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 57 strong strong JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 58 adjuvant adjuvant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 59 activity activity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 60 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 61 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 62 potential potential NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 63 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 64 dual dual JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 65 applications application NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 66 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 67 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 68 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 69 pandemic pandemic NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 70 AS04 AS04 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 71 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 72 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 73 aluminum aluminum NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 74 salt salt NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 75 - - : cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 76 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 77 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 78 agonist agonist NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 79 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 80 based base VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 81 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 82 system system NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 83 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 84 induces induce VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 85 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 86 transient transient JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 87 localized localize VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 88 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 89 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 90 response response NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 91 leading lead VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 92 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 93 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 94 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 420 95 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 2 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 3 agonist agonist NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 4 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 5 monophosphoryl monophosphoryl NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 6 lipid lipid VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 7 A A NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 8 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 9 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 11 cytokine cytokine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 12 storm storm NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 13 associated associate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 14 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 16 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 17 virus virus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 18 vaccine vaccine NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 19 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 20 enhanced enhance VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 21 disease disease NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 22 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 23 agonists agonist NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 24 enable enable VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 25 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 26 cross cross NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 27 - - NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 28 talk talk NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 29 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 30 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 31 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 32 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 33 confer confer VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 34 protection protection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 35 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 36 genital genital JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 37 herpes herpe NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 38 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 421 39 mice mouse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 2 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 3 antagonist antagonist NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 4 Eritoran Eritoran NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 5 protects protect VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 6 mice mouse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 7 from from IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 8 lethal lethal JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 9 influenza influenza NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 10 infection infection NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 11 Targeting target VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 12 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 13 immunity immunity NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 14 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 16 therapy therapy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 17 through through IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 18 small small JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 19 molecule molecule NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 20 agonists agonist NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 21 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 22 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 23 RLR RLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 24 pathway pathway NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 25 Direct direct JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 27 properties property NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 28 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 29 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 30 ligands ligand NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 31 against against IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 32 HBV HBV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 33 replication replication NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 34 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 35 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 36 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 37 competent competent JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 38 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 39 Safety Safety NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 40 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 41 efficacy efficacy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 42 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 43 pharmacodynamics pharmacodynamic NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 44 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 45 vesatolimod vesatolimod NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 47 GS-9620 GS-9620 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 49 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 50 virally virally RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 51 suppressed suppress VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 52 patients patient NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 53 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 54 chronic chronic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 55 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 56 B B NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 57 Antibody Antibody NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 58 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 59 TLR7 TLR7 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 60 agonist agonist NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 61 delay delay NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 62 viral viral JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 63 rebound rebound NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 64 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 65 SHIV SHIV NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 66 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 67 infected infect VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 68 monkeys monkey NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 69 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 70 effects effect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 71 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 72 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 73 artemisinin artemisinin NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 422 74 analog analog NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 1 SM934 sm934 NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 2 on on IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 3 lupus lupus NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 4 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 5 prone prone JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 6 MRL MRL NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 7 / / SYM cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 8 lpr lpr NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 423 9 mice mouse NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 1 via via IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 2 inhibition inhibition NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 3 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 4 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 5 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 6 triggered trigger VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 7 B b NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 9 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 10 activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 12 plasma plasma NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 13 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 14 formation formation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 15 TAK-242 TAK-242 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 17 resatorvid resatorvid NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 19 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 20 a a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 21 small small JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 22 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 23 molecule molecule NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 24 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 25 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 26 Toll Toll NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 27 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 28 like like JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 29 receptor receptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 31 TLR TLR NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 424 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 1 4 4 LS cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 2 signaling signal VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 3 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 4 binds bind VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 5 selectively selectively RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 6 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 7 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 9 interferes interfere VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 10 with with IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 11 interactions interaction NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 12 between between IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 13 TLR4 TLR4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 14 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 16 adaptor adaptor NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 17 molecules molecule NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 18 essential essential JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 19 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 20 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 21 antitumor antitumor JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 22 effect effect NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 23 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 24 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 25 checkpoint checkpoint NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 26 blockade blockade NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 27 SA-4 SA-4 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 28 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 29 1BBL 1BBL NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 30 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 425 31 monophosphoryl monophosphoryl NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 1 lipid lipid NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 2 A a DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 3 constitute constitute VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 4 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 5 efficacious efficacious JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 6 combination combination NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 7 adjuvant adjuvant NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 8 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 9 cancer cancer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 426 10 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 1 Magnitude magnitude NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 2 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 3 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 4 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 5 Activation activation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 6 Determines determine VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 7 CD8(+ CD8(+ NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 427 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 1 T T NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 2 Cell Cell NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 3 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 4 Mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 5 Anti anti JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 6 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 7 tumor tumor JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 8 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 9 Immunogene Immunogene NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 10 therapy therapy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 11 using use VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 12 immunomodulating immunomodulate VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 13 HVJ hvj NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 15 E e NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 16 vector vector NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 17 augments augment VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 18 anti anti JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 19 - - JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 20 tumor tumor JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 21 effects effect NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 22 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 23 murine murine JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 24 malignant malignant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 25 glioma glioma NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 26 Promising promise VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 27 targets target NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 28 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 29 cancer cancer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 30 immunotherapy immunotherapy NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 31 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 32 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 33 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 34 RLRs rlr NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 35 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 36 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 37 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 38 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 39 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 40 innate innate JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 41 immune immune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 42 pathways pathway NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 43 Immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 44 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 45 death death NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 46 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 47 human human JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 48 ovarian ovarian JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 49 cancer cancer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 50 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 51 induced induce VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 52 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 53 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 54 poly(I poly(I NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 55 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 56 C C NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 58 leads lead VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 59 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 60 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 61 cell cell NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 62 maturation maturation NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 63 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 64 activates activate VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 65 NK NK NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 66 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 67 STING sting NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 68 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 69 mediated mediate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 70 DNA dna NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 71 sensing sensing NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 72 promotes promote VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 73 antitumor antitumor JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 74 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 75 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 76 responses response NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 77 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 78 dying die VBG cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 79 cells cell NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 80 STING sting VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 428 81 agonist agonist NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 1 formulated formulate VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 2 cancer cancer NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 3 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 4 can can MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 5 cure cure VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 6 established establish VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 7 tumors tumor NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 8 resistant resistant JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 9 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 10 PD-1 PD-1 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 429 11 blockade blockade NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 2 article article NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 3 is be VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 4 an an DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 5 open open JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 6 access access NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 7 article article NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 8 distributed distribute VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 9 under under IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 10 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 11 terms term NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 12 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 13 conditions condition NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 14 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 15 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 16 Creative Creative NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 17 Commons Commons NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 18 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 20 CC CC NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 21 BY by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 23 license license NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 24 Funding funding NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 430 25 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 2 work work NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 3 has have VBZ cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 4 been be VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 5 supported support VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 6 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 7 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 8 H2020 H2020 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 9 Marie Marie NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 10 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 11 Curie Curie NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 12 Actions Actions NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 13 MSCA MSCA NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 14 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 15 IF-792661-HipShot IF-792661-HipShot NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 17 KM KM NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 431 19 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 1 This this DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 2 work work NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 3 was be VBD cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 4 also also RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 5 supported support VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 6 in in IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 7 part part NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 8 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 9 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 10 National National NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 11 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 12 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 13 Health Health NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 14 grants grant NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 432 15 U19-AI123862 U19-AI123862 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 2 TFB TFB NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 4 by by IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 5 ARC ARC NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 6 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 7 Paris Paris NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 8 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 9 Institut Institut NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 10 Hospitalo Hospitalo NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 11 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 12 Universitaire Universitaire NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 13 , , , cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 14 Strasbourg Strasbourg NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-312001-8p7scli8 433 16 TheraHCC therahcc XX cord-312001-8p7scli8 434 1 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 434 2 TheraHCC2.0 TheraHCC2.0 `` cord-312001-8p7scli8 434 3 IHUARC IHUARC NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 435 1 IHU201301187 IHU201301187 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 435 2 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 435 3 IHUARC2019 IHUARC2019 NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 436 1 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 436 2 T. T. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 436 3 Acknowledgments acknowledgment NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 436 4 : : : cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 2 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 3 would would MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 4 like like VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 5 to to TO cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 6 thank thank VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 7 Jean Jean NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 8 - - HYPH cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 9 Luc Luc NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 10 Imler Imler NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 11 and and CC cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 12 Joao Joao NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 13 T. T. NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 14 Marques Marques NNP cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 15 for for IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 17 critical critical JJ cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 18 reading reading NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 19 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 20 the the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 21 manuscript manuscript NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 437 22 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 2 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 3 apologize apologize VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 4 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 6 whose whose WP$ cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 7 work work NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 8 could could MD cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 9 not not RB cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 10 be be VB cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 11 cited cite VBN cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 12 due due IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 13 to to IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 14 space space NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 15 limitations limitation NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 438 16 . . . cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 1 The the DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 2 authors author NNS cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 3 declare declare VBP cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 4 no no DT cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 5 conflict conflict NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 6 of of IN cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 7 interest interest NN cord-312001-8p7scli8 439 8 . . .