id sid tid token lemma pos cord-350836-1enteev7 1 1 key key JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 1 2 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 1 3 cord-350836 cord-350836 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 1 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 1 5 1enteev7 1enteev7 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 1 6 authors author NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 1 7 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 1 8 Brisse Brisse NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 1 10 Morgan Morgan NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 11 ; ; : cord-350836-1enteev7 1 12 Ly Ly NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 1 14 Hinh Hinh NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 15 title title NN cord-350836-1enteev7 1 16 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 1 17 Comparative Comparative NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 18 Structure Structure NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 1 20 Function Function NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 21 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 1 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 1 24 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 1 25 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 1 26 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 27 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 1 28 Like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 1 29 Receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 1 30 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 1 31 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 1 32 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 1 33 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 1 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 1 35 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 1 36 date date NN cord-350836-1enteev7 1 37 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 1 38 2019 2019 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 1 39 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 1 40 07 07 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 1 41 - - SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 1 42 17 17 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 1 43 journal journal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 1 44 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 2 1 Front Front NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 2 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 2 3 DOI doi NN cord-350836-1enteev7 2 4 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 3 1 10.3389 10.3389 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 3 2 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 3 3 fimmu.2019.01586 fimmu.2019.01586 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 3 4 sha sha NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 3 5 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 4 1 401ebad7d8d7416f0bf26c8192eb57bfb61f378b 401ebad7d8d7416f0bf26c8192eb57bfb61f378b CD cord-350836-1enteev7 4 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-350836-1enteev7 4 3 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 4 4 350836 350836 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 4 5 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 4 6 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 5 1 1enteev7 1enteev7 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 5 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 5 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 5 4 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 6 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 6 2 Retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 6 3 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 6 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 6 5 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 6 6 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 6 7 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 6 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 6 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 6 10 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 2 Melanoma Melanoma NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 3 Differentiation differentiation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 7 5 Associated Associated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 6 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 7 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 7 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 7 10 collectively collectively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 7 11 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 12 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 7 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 7 16 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 7 18 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 19 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 21 RLRs RLRs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 7 24 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 25 key key JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 26 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 27 sensors sensor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 7 30 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 7 32 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 33 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 34 patterns pattern NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 36 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 38 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 39 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 7 40 form form NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 41 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 42 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 43 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 7 44 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 7 45 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 48 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 50 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 51 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 7 52 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 7 53 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 54 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 55 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 56 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 7 57 interferons interferon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 59 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 62 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 7 63 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 7 64 IFNβ IFNβ NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 7 66 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 7 67 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 68 pro pro JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 69 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 70 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 71 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 7 72 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 73 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 7 74 early early JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 75 stage stage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 76 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 77 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 7 78 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 7 79 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 8 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 8 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 8 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 8 4 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 8 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 8 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 8 7 share share VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 8 8 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 8 11 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 8 13 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 14 similarities similarity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 8 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 8 16 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 8 17 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 18 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 8 19 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 8 20 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 8 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 8 22 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 8 23 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 8 24 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 8 25 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 26 strategies strategy NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 8 27 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 8 28 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 8 29 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 30 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 8 31 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 8 32 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 8 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 8 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 8 35 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 8 36 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 8 37 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 8 38 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 8 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 9 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 9 2 review review NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 3 article article NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 4 discusses discuss VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 9 6 similarities similarity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 9 8 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 9 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 9 12 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 9 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 9 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 9 15 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 17 perspectives perspective NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 9 19 including include VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 9 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 21 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 9 23 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 9 25 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 26 relationships relationship NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 27 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 28 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 29 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 30 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 31 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 9 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 33 differential differential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 34 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 36 distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 9 37 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 38 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 39 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 9 40 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 41 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 42 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 9 43 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 44 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 45 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 46 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 9 47 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 48 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 49 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 9 50 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 9 51 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 9 52 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 53 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 9 54 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 9 55 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 10 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 10 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 10 3 comparative comparative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 10 4 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 10 5 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 10 6 help help VB cord-350836-1enteev7 10 7 inform inform VB cord-350836-1enteev7 10 8 future future JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 10 9 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 10 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 10 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 10 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 10 13 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 10 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 10 15 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 10 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 10 17 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 10 18 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 10 19 fully fully RB cord-350836-1enteev7 10 20 understand understand VB cord-350836-1enteev7 10 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 10 22 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 10 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 10 24 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 10 25 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 10 26 optimize optimize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 10 27 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 10 28 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 10 29 approaches approach NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 10 30 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 10 31 them -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 10 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 11 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 11 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 11 3 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 12 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 12 2 Retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 12 3 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 12 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 12 5 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 12 6 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 12 7 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 12 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 13 1 encoded encode VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 2 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 13 4 DDX58 DDX58 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 13 5 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 6 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 13 8 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 13 9 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 13 11 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 13 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 13 13 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 13 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 13 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 13 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 13 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 13 18 Melanoma Melanoma NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 13 19 Differentiation differentiation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 20 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 13 21 Associated Associated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 13 22 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 23 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 13 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 13 25 encoded encode VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 26 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 13 28 IFIH1 IFIH1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 13 29 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 13 31 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 13 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 13 33 4 4 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 13 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 13 35 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 13 36 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 37 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 38 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 13 39 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 40 initiators initiator NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 13 41 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 42 earliest early JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 13 43 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 13 44 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 13 45 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 46 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 13 47 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 13 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 14 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 14 2 relatively relatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 14 3 large large JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 4 body body NN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 6 work work NN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 7 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 8 focused focus VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 9 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 10 understanding understand VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 14 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 12 roles role NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 14 13 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 14 triggering trigger VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 14 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 14 16 same same JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 17 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 18 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 19 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 20 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 14 22 indeed indeed RB cord-350836-1enteev7 14 23 share share VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 14 24 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 25 similarities similarity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 14 26 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 27 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 14 28 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 29 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 14 30 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 14 31 level level NN cord-350836-1enteev7 14 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 15 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 15 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 15 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 15 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 5 becoming become VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 15 6 increasingly increasingly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 15 7 clear clear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 8 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 9 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 15 10 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 15 11 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 12 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 15 13 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 15 16 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 15 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 15 18 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 15 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 15 20 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 21 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 23 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 24 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 15 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 15 26 contextual contextual JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 27 functionalities functionality NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 15 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 15 29 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 15 30 need need VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 15 31 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 15 32 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 15 33 considered consider VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 34 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 35 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 36 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 15 37 fully fully RB cord-350836-1enteev7 15 38 appreciate appreciate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 15 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 40 individual individual JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 15 41 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 15 42 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 16 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 16 2 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 3 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 5 multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 6 aspects aspect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 16 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 16 10 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 16 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 16 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 16 13 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 15 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 16 origins origin NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 16 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 16 18 behavior behavior NN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 19 among among IN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 20 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 21 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 16 22 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 24 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 16 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 16 26 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 27 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 28 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 16 29 allow allow VB cord-350836-1enteev7 16 30 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 31 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 16 32 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 16 33 nuanced nuanced JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 34 understanding understanding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 16 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 37 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 16 38 purposes purpose NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 16 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 17 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 2 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 3 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 4 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 5 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 6 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 7 combination combination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 9 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 10 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 11 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 12 defense defense NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 13 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 17 14 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 16 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 17 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 18 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 17 19 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 20 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 21 early early JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 22 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 17 24 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 26 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 27 growth growth NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 28 before before IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 30 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 31 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 32 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 33 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 34 time time NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 35 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 17 36 produce produce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 17 37 proper proper JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 38 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 39 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 17 40 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 41 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 42 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 17 43 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 44 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 45 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 46 development development NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 47 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 48 antibodies antibody NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 17 49 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 17 50 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 17 51 T t NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 52 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 17 53 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 54 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 17 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 17 56 CTL CTL NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 17 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 17 58 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 59 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 60 invading invade VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 17 61 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 62 and/or and/or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 17 63 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 17 64 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 65 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 17 66 infected infect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 17 67 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 17 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 17 69 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 17 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 17 71 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 18 1 Cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 18 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 18 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 18 4 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 18 5 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 18 6 arm arm NN cord-350836-1enteev7 18 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 18 8 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 18 9 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 18 10 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 18 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 18 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 18 13 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 18 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 18 15 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 18 16 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 18 17 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 18 18 general general JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 18 19 components component NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 18 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 18 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 18 22 microbes microbe NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 18 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 18 24 e.g. e.g. RB cord-350836-1enteev7 18 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 18 26 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 18 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 18 28 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 18 29 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 18 30 shared share VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 18 31 among among IN cord-350836-1enteev7 18 32 related related JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 18 33 microbes microbe NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 18 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 19 1 These these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 19 2 microbial microbial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 19 3 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 19 4 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 5 called call VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 6 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 19 8 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 19 10 patterns pattern NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 19 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 12 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 19 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 15 e.g. e.g. RB cord-350836-1enteev7 19 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 19 17 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 19 18 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 20 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 19 21 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 22 specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 19 23 recognized recognize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 19 26 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 19 27 pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 28 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 29 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 19 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 31 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 34 e.g. e.g. RB cord-350836-1enteev7 19 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 19 36 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 37 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 19 38 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 19 40 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 19 42 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 19 43 Tolllike Tolllike NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 44 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 19 45 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 47 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 19 48 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 19 49 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 19 50 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 52 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 19 53 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 19 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 19 55 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 20 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 20 2 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 20 3 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 20 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 20 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 20 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 20 7 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 20 8 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 20 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 20 10 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 20 11 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 20 12 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 20 13 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 20 14 discussed discuss VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 20 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 20 16 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 20 17 below below RB cord-350836-1enteev7 20 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 21 1 Here here RB cord-350836-1enteev7 21 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 21 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 21 4 cascade cascade NN cord-350836-1enteev7 21 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 21 6 event event NN cord-350836-1enteev7 21 7 leading lead VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 21 8 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 21 9 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 21 10 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 21 11 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 21 12 briefly briefly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 21 13 summarized summarize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 21 14 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 22 1 Upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 2 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 22 3 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 4 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 22 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 6 e.g. e.g. RB cord-350836-1enteev7 22 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 22 8 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 22 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 22 12 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 22 15 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 22 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 22 17 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 22 18 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 22 19 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 22 21 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 22 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 22 23 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 22 24 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 22 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 26 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 22 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 22 29 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 22 30 forms form VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 22 31 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 22 32 multilayered multilayered JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 22 33 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 34 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 22 35 contain contain VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 22 36 several several JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 22 37 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 22 38 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 22 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 40 6 6 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 22 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 43 7 7 LS cord-350836-1enteev7 22 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 46 8) 8) NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 22 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 48 9 9 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 22 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 22 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 23 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 23 2 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 23 3 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 23 4 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 23 5 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 23 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 23 7 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 9 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 11 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 23 12 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 13 kappa kappa NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 23 15 B B NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 23 16 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 17 subunit subunit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 18 epsilon epsilon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 23 20 IKKε IKKε NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 23 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 23 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 23 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 23 24 serine serine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 25 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 23 26 threonine threonine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 27 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 23 28 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 29 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 23 30 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 23 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 23 32 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 23 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 2 10 10 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 24 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 5 11 11 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 24 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 8 12 12 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 24 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 24 11 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 24 12 phosphorylate phosphorylate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 24 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 24 14 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 24 15 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 24 16 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 24 17 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 24 18 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 24 19 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 24 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 24 21 7 7 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 24 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 23 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 24 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 24 25 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 24 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 28 13 13 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 24 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 24 30 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 25 1 Phosphorylated Phosphorylated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 2 p p NN cord-350836-1enteev7 25 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 25 4 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 25 6 14 14 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 25 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 25 8 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 25 9 -pIRF3 -pIRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 25 11 15 15 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 25 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 25 13 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 25 14 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 25 15 dimerize dimerize NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 25 17 translocate translocate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 25 18 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 25 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 25 20 nucleus nucleus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 25 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 25 22 where where WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 25 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 24 activate activate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 25 26 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 25 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 25 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 25 29 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 25 30 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 25 31 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 25 32 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 25 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 25 34 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 35 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 25 36 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 37 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 25 38 IFNβ IFNβ NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 25 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 25 40 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 26 1 IFN1 ifn1 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 26 2 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 26 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 26 4 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 26 5 exported export VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 6 out out IN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 26 9 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 26 11 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 26 12 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 26 13 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 26 14 cascade cascade NN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 16 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 26 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 26 19 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 26 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 26 22 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 26 23 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 26 24 β β NN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 25 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 26 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 26 27 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 26 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 26 29 either either CC cord-350836-1enteev7 26 30 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 31 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 26 32 same same JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 26 33 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 26 34 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 26 35 neighboring neighboring NN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 36 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 26 37 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 38 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 26 39 autocrine autocrine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 26 40 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 26 41 paracrine paracrine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 26 42 fashion fashion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 26 43 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 27 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 2 results result VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 5 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 7 more more JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 27 8 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 27 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 27 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 12 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 13 feedback feedback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 14 loop loop NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 27 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 27 17 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 18 variety variety NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 20 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 27 22 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 23 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 27 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 27 25 ISGs ISGs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 27 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 27 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 27 28 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 29 mediate mediate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 27 30 vasodilation vasodilation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 31 near near IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 33 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 34 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 36 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 37 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 38 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 27 39 uptake uptake NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 40 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 41 fluid fluid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 42 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 27 43 recruitment recruitment NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 44 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 45 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 46 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 47 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 27 48 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 27 49 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 50 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 51 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 27 52 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 27 53 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 27 54 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 27 55 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 27 56 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 57 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 27 58 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 59 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 60 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 61 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 62 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 63 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 64 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 65 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 66 aided aid VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 67 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 68 chemokine chemokine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 69 gradients gradient NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 27 70 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 27 71 mediate mediate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 27 72 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 73 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 74 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 75 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 27 76 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 77 killing killing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 78 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 27 79 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 27 80 infected infected JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 27 81 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 27 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 27 83 16 16 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 27 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 27 85 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 28 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 28 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 28 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 6 appear appear VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 28 8 differentially differentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 9 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 10 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 12 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 13 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 14 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 28 15 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 28 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 18 17 17 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 21 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 23 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 28 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 25 generally generally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 26 responding respond VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 28 27 most most RBS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 28 potently potently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 29 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 30 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 28 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 28 32 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 34 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 36 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 28 37 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 38 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 39 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 41 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 42 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 43 19 19 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 45 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 46 bunyaviruses bunyaviruses NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 48 20 20 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 49 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 50 21 21 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 52 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 53 filoviruses filovirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 55 22 22 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 57 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 58 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 28 59 rhabdoviruses rhabdovirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 61 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 62 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 63 23 23 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 65 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 66 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 67 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 68 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 28 69 positive positive NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 70 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 28 71 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 72 Japanese japanese JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 28 73 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 74 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 76 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 78 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 79 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 80 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 81 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 28 82 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 83 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 84 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 85 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 86 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 28 87 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 28 88 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 89 picornaviruses picornavirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 90 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 91 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 92 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 93 24 24 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 94 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 95 25 25 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 97 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 28 98 arteriviruses arteriviruse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 99 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 100 26 26 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 101 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 102 27 27 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 103 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 104 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 105 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 28 106 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 107 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 108 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 109 D D NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 110 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 111 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 112 28 28 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 113 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 114 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 28 115 Kaposi Kaposi NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 116 's 's POS cord-350836-1enteev7 28 117 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 118 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 28 119 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 120 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 28 121 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 122 KSHV KSHV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 28 123 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 124 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 125 29 29 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 28 126 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 28 127 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 29 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 29 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 29 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 29 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 29 6 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 29 7 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 29 8 play play VB cord-350836-1enteev7 29 9 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 29 10 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 12 recognizing recognize VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 29 13 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 29 14 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 29 15 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 29 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 29 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 29 18 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 19 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 29 20 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 29 21 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 22 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 29 24 respond respond VB cord-350836-1enteev7 29 25 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 26 malaria malaria NN cord-350836-1enteev7 29 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 29 28 30 30 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 29 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 30 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 30 2 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 30 3 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 30 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 30 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 31 1 Neither neither DT cord-350836-1enteev7 31 2 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 31 3 individually individually RB cord-350836-1enteev7 31 4 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 31 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 6 reovirus reovirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 31 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 31 8 24 24 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 31 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 31 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 31 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 12 dengue dengue NN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 13 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 14 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 31 16 24 24 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 31 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 31 18 31 31 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 31 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 31 20 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 31 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 31 22 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 24 either either CC cord-350836-1enteev7 31 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 26 combination combination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 27 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 28 Toll Toll NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 31 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 31 30 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 31 31 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 31 32 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 32 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 32 2 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 32 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 32 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 32 5 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 32 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 32 7 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 32 8 effective effective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 32 9 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 32 10 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 32 11 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 32 12 repsonses repsonse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 32 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 32 14 32 32 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 32 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 32 16 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 33 1 Each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 33 2 serves serve VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 33 3 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 33 4 additive additive NN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 5 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 6 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 7 West West NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 33 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 33 9 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 10 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 33 12 33 33 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 33 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 33 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 33 15 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 33 16 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 33 17 likely likely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 33 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 33 21 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 23 multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 33 24 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 33 25 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 33 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 33 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 33 28 infected infected JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 33 29 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 33 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 33 31 34 34 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 33 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 33 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 34 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-350836-1enteev7 34 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 34 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 34 5 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 34 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 34 7 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 34 8 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 34 9 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 34 10 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 11 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 34 13 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 34 14 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 34 15 sections section NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 34 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 34 18 same same JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 34 19 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 34 20 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 21 due due IN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 22 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 34 24 differing differ VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 34 25 preferences preference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 34 26 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 27 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 28 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 34 30 35 35 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 34 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 34 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 34 33 illustrating illustrate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 34 34 how how WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 34 35 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 34 36 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 34 37 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 34 38 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 34 39 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 34 40 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 34 41 act act VB cord-350836-1enteev7 34 42 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 34 43 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 34 44 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 34 45 synergistically synergistically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 34 46 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 35 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 35 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 35 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 35 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 5 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 6 functionally functionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 35 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 8 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 35 9 where where WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 35 10 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 35 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 35 13 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 35 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 35 15 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 35 16 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 35 17 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 18 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 19 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 35 20 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 35 21 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 35 22 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 35 23 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 35 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 35 25 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 35 26 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 35 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 28 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 35 29 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 35 30 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 31 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 35 32 control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 33 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 35 34 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 35 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 35 36 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 35 37 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 35 38 36 36 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 35 39 - - SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 35 40 38 38 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 35 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 35 42 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 35 43 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 35 44 infections infection NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 35 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 35 46 39 39 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 35 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 35 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 36 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 36 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 36 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 36 4 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 36 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 36 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 36 7 participate participate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 36 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 36 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 36 10 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 36 11 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 36 12 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 36 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 36 14 40 40 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 36 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 36 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 36 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 36 18 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 36 19 clear clear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 36 20 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 36 21 animal animal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 36 22 modeling modeling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 36 23 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 36 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 36 25 might may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 36 26 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 36 27 functionally functionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 36 28 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 36 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 37 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 37 2 C57BL/6 C57BL/6 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 37 3 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 37 4 KO KO NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 37 5 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 37 6 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 37 7 no no DT cord-350836-1enteev7 37 8 obvious obvious JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 37 9 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 37 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 37 11 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 37 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 37 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 37 14 C57BL/6 C57BL/6 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 37 15 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 38 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 38 2 KO KO NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 38 3 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 38 4 high high JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 38 5 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 38 6 lethality lethality NN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 7 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 38 9 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 38 10 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 38 11 live live VB cord-350836-1enteev7 38 12 past past IN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 13 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 38 14 weeks week NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 38 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 16 birth birth NN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 38 18 experience experience VB cord-350836-1enteev7 38 19 growth growth NN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 20 retardation retardation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 38 22 liver liver NN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 23 degeneration degeneration NN cord-350836-1enteev7 38 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 38 25 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 38 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 38 27 41 41 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 38 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 38 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 39 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 39 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 39 3 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 39 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 39 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 39 6 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 39 7 KO KO NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 39 8 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 39 9 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 39 10 back back RB cord-350836-1enteev7 39 11 crossed cross VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 39 12 onto onto IN cord-350836-1enteev7 39 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 39 14 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 39 15 genetically genetically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 39 16 flexible flexible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 39 17 129S1 129s1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 39 18 strain strain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 39 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 39 20 18 18 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 39 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 39 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 39 23 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 39 24 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 39 25 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 39 26 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-350836-1enteev7 39 27 develop develop VB cord-350836-1enteev7 39 28 colitis colitis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 39 29 symptoms symptom NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 39 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 39 31 42 42 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 39 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 39 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 40 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 40 2 cases case NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 40 3 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 40 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 40 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 40 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 40 7 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 40 8 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 40 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 40 10 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 40 11 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 40 12 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 40 13 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 40 14 presentations presentation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 40 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 40 16 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 40 17 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 41 3 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 41 4 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 5 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 6 atypical atypical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 41 7 Singleton Singleton NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 41 9 Merten Merten NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 10 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 41 12 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 13 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 41 14 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 41 15 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 16 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 17 linked link VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 18 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 19 classical classical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 41 20 Singleton Singleton NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 41 22 Merten Merten NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 23 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 41 25 Aicardi Aicardi NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 41 27 Goutières Goutières NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 28 syndrome syndrome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 41 30 Systemic Systemic NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 31 Lupus Lupus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 32 Erythematosus Erythematosus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 41 34 Type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 35 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 41 36 Diabetes diabetes NN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 37 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 41 38 Graves Graves NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 41 39 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 41 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 41 41 43 43 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 41 42 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 41 43 44 44 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 41 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 42 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 42 2 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 42 3 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 42 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 42 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 43 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 43 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 3 growing grow VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 43 4 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 6 overt overt JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 7 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 43 9 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 10 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 11 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 12 plays play VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 13 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 43 14 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 15 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 43 18 development development NN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 20 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 21 forms form NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 43 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 43 23 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 43 24 conditions condition NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 43 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 43 26 45 45 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 43 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 43 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 44 1 Taken take VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 2 together together RB cord-350836-1enteev7 44 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 44 4 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 44 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 44 6 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 44 9 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 44 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 44 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 44 12 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 44 13 differ differ VB cord-350836-1enteev7 44 14 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 44 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 44 17 roles role NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 44 18 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 19 development development NN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 20 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 44 21 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 44 22 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 24 responding respond VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 44 25 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 26 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 44 27 types type NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 44 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 29 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 44 30 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 31 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 44 32 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 44 33 partially partially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 44 34 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 44 35 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 44 37 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 44 38 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 44 39 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 44 40 available available JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 44 41 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 42 any any DT cord-350836-1enteev7 44 43 given give VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 44 context context NN cord-350836-1enteev7 44 45 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 45 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 45 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 45 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 45 4 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 45 5 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 45 6 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 45 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 45 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 45 9 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 45 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 45 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 45 12 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 45 13 additional additional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 45 14 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 45 15 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 45 16 functionalities functionality NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 45 17 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 45 18 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 45 19 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 45 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 45 21 43 43 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 45 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 45 23 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 46 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 46 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 46 3 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 46 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 46 5 established establish VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 46 6 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 46 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 46 8 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 46 9 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 46 10 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 46 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 46 12 IRF IRF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 46 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 46 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 47 1 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 47 2 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 47 3 NFκB NFκB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 47 4 cytokine cytokine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 47 5 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 47 6 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 47 7 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 47 8 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 47 9 areas area NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 47 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 47 11 cross cross NN cord-350836-1enteev7 47 12 - - NN cord-350836-1enteev7 47 13 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 47 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 47 15 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 47 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 47 17 46 46 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 47 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 47 19 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 48 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 48 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 48 3 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 48 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 48 6 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 48 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 9 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 10 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 11 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 48 13 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 48 14 NFκB NFκB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 15 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 48 16 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 17 RSV RSV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 18 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 48 20 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 48 21 only only JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 48 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 23 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 48 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 25 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 48 26 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 48 27 act act VB cord-350836-1enteev7 48 28 upstream upstream RB cord-350836-1enteev7 48 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 48 31 canonical canonical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 48 32 IκBα IκBα NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 48 34 NFκB NFκB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 48 35 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 48 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 48 37 47 47 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 48 38 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 48 39 48 48 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 48 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 49 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 49 2 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 49 3 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 49 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 49 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 50 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 2 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 50 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 4 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 5 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 50 6 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 50 7 NFκB NFκB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 8 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 9 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 11 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 50 13 pro pro JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 50 14 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 50 15 IL-1β il-1β JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 50 16 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 50 18 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 20 CARD9 CARD9 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 21 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 22 BCL10 BCL10 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 50 24 49 49 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 50 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 50 26 50 50 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 50 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 50 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 50 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 50 30 independence independence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 31 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 32 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 33 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 34 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 50 35 IκBα IκBα NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 36 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 37 suggests suggest VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 50 38 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 39 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 40 influences influence VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 50 41 NFκB nfκb VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 50 42 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 50 43 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 44 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 50 45 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 50 46 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 50 47 uncharacterized uncharacterized JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 50 48 ways way NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 50 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 50 50 43 43 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 50 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 50 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 51 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 51 2 possible possible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 51 3 explanation explanation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 51 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 51 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 51 6 's 's POS cord-350836-1enteev7 51 7 independence independence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 51 8 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 51 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 51 10 IκBα IκBα NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 51 11 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 51 12 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 51 13 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 51 14 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 51 15 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 52 1 NFκB nfκb JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 53 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 53 2 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 53 3 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 53 4 IRF IRF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 53 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 54 1 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 54 2 requires require VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 54 3 TRIM25 trim25 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 54 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 54 5 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 54 6 activates activate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 54 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 55 1 -I -I NFP cord-350836-1enteev7 55 2 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 55 3 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 55 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 55 5 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 55 6 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 55 7 discussed discuss VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 55 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 55 9 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 55 10 below below IN cord-350836-1enteev7 55 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 55 12 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 56 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 56 2 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 56 3 implicates implicate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 56 4 TRIM25 trim25 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 56 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 56 6 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 56 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 56 8 besides besides IN cord-350836-1enteev7 56 9 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 56 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 56 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 56 12 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 56 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 56 14 51 51 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 56 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 56 16 52 52 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 56 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 56 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 57 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 57 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 57 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 57 5 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 57 6 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 57 7 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 57 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 57 9 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 57 10 induces induce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 57 11 inflammasome inflammasome NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 57 12 assembly assembly NN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 57 14 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 15 cleavage cleavage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 57 17 maturation maturation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 19 pro pro JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 57 20 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 57 21 IL-1β il-1β JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 57 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 23 caspase caspase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 57 24 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 57 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 57 26 24 24 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 57 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 57 28 34 34 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 57 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 57 30 53 53 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 57 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 57 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 58 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 58 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 58 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 58 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 58 6 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 58 7 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 8 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 58 10 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 58 11 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 58 12 complexes complex NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 58 13 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 14 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 58 16 endoribonuclease endoribonuclease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 17 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 58 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 58 19 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 58 20 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 58 21 encoded encode VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 58 24 DICER1 dicer1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 25 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 58 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 58 27 cleaves cleave VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 58 28 dsRNA dsRNA . cord-350836-1enteev7 59 1 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 59 2 pre pre JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 59 3 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 59 4 micro micro JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 59 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 59 6 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 59 7 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 59 8 single single RB cord-350836-1enteev7 59 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 59 10 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 59 11 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 59 12 fragments fragment NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 59 13 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 59 14 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 59 15 small small JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 59 16 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 59 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 59 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 59 19 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 59 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 59 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 60 1 microRNA microRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 60 2 FIGURE FIGURE NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 60 3 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 60 4 | | NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 60 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 60 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 60 7 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 60 8 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 60 9 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 60 10 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 60 11 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 60 12 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 61 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 61 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 61 3 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 61 4 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 61 5 first first RB cord-350836-1enteev7 61 6 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 61 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 61 8 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 61 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 61 10 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 61 11 dsRNA dsRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 61 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 61 13 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 61 14 causes cause VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 61 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 61 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 61 17 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 61 18 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 61 19 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 61 20 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 62 1 Following follow VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 62 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 3 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 5 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 62 6 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 62 9 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 10 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 62 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 62 13 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 14 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 62 15 cascade cascade NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 16 involves involve VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 62 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 18 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 20 IKKε IKKε NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 62 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 62 22 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 62 24 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 25 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 62 26 followed follow VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 27 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 28 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 31 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 32 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 62 33 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 62 35 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 62 37 ensure ensure VB cord-350836-1enteev7 62 38 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 62 39 translocate translocate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 62 40 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 41 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 62 42 p p NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 43 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 62 44 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 45 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 62 46 p p NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 47 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 62 48 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 49 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 50 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 51 nucleus nucleus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 52 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 62 53 where where WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 62 54 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 55 dimerize dimerize VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 56 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 62 57 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 62 58 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 59 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 60 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 61 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 62 62 sites site NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 62 63 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 62 64 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 62 65 IFNα IFNα NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 62 66 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 62 67 IFNβ IFNβ NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 62 68 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 62 69 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 62 70 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 62 71 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 62 72 transcriptions transcription NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 62 73 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 63 1 Expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 63 3 exportation exportation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 5 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 63 6 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 63 7 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 63 9 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 63 10 milieu milieu NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 11 trigger trigger NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 63 13 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 63 14 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 63 15 cascade cascade NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 17 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 63 18 autocrine autocrine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 63 19 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 63 20 paracrine paracrine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 63 21 fashion fashion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 22 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 63 23 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 63 24 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 26 hundreds hundred NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 63 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 28 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 29 stimulated stimulate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 63 30 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 63 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 63 32 ISGs ISGs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 63 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 63 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 63 35 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 63 36 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 63 37 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 63 38 confer confer VB cord-350836-1enteev7 63 39 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 63 40 resistance resistance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 63 41 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 64 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 64 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 64 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 64 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 64 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 64 6 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 64 7 activate activate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 64 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 64 9 NF nf NN cord-350836-1enteev7 64 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 64 11 κB κB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 64 12 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 64 13 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 65 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 65 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 65 4 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 65 5 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 65 6 act act VB cord-350836-1enteev7 65 7 upstream upstream RB cord-350836-1enteev7 65 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 65 10 canonical canonical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 65 11 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 65 13 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 65 14 results result VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 65 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 65 17 translocation translocation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 65 20 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 65 21 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 65 22 NF nf NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 23 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 65 24 κB κB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 65 25 units unit NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 65 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 65 27 p50 p50 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 65 29 p65 p65 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 65 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 65 31 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 65 33 nucleus nucleus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 65 35 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 36 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 65 37 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 65 38 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 65 39 affect affect VB cord-350836-1enteev7 65 40 NF nf NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 41 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 65 42 κB κb CD cord-350836-1enteev7 65 43 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 44 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 65 45 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 46 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 65 47 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 65 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 66 1 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 66 2 created create VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 66 3 using use VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 66 4 BioRender BioRender NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 66 5 software software NN cord-350836-1enteev7 66 6 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 67 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 2 54 54 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 67 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 67 5 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 6 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 67 7 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 67 9 probable probable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 67 10 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 67 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 67 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 14 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 15 DHX58 DHX58 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 17 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 67 18 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 19 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 67 21 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 23 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 67 25 Physiology Physiology NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 26 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 67 27 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 28 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 67 31 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 67 32 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 67 33 Dicer dicer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 35 55 55 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 67 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 37 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 67 38 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 67 39 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 40 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 67 41 Dicer dicer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 42 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 67 43 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 67 44 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 67 45 TRBP TRBP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 67 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 47 56 56 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 67 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 67 49 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 68 1 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 68 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 68 3 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 68 4 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 68 5 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 68 6 exhibit exhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 68 7 conflicting conflict VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 68 8 effects effect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 68 9 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 68 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 68 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 68 12 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 68 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 68 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 68 15 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 68 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 68 17 57 57 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 68 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 68 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 68 20 58 58 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 68 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 68 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 68 23 59 59 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 68 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 68 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 68 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 68 27 future future JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 68 28 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 68 29 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 68 30 needed need VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 68 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 68 32 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 68 33 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 68 34 clarify clarify VB cord-350836-1enteev7 68 35 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 68 36 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 68 37 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 68 38 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 69 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 69 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 69 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 69 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 69 6 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 69 7 expressed express VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 9 all all DT cord-350836-1enteev7 69 10 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 11 types type NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 69 13 60 60 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 69 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 69 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 69 16 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 69 17 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 69 18 most most RBS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 19 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 69 20 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 69 21 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 22 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 24 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 25 inside inside IN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 26 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 27 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 28 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 69 30 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 31 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 32 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 69 34 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 69 36 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 69 37 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 38 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 69 40 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 69 41 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 69 42 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 43 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 44 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 45 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 46 like like IN cord-350836-1enteev7 69 47 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 48 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 69 49 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 69 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 70 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 70 2 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 70 3 classified classify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 70 4 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 70 5 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 70 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 70 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 70 8 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 70 9 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 70 10 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 70 11 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 70 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 70 13 helicases helicase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 70 14 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 71 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 71 2 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 71 3 FIGURE figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 71 4 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 71 5 | | NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 71 6 Venn Venn NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 71 7 diagram diagram NN cord-350836-1enteev7 71 8 comparing compare VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 71 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 71 10 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 71 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 71 12 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 71 13 similarities similarity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 71 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 71 15 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 71 16 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 71 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 71 18 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 71 19 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 71 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 71 21 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 71 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 72 1 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 72 2 highly highly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 72 3 helical helical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 72 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 72 5 consists consist VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 72 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 7 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 72 8 caspase caspase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 9 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 72 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 72 11 recruiting recruit VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 72 12 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 72 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 72 14 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 72 16 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 72 18 N n CD cord-350836-1enteev7 72 19 terminus terminus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 21 ∼85 ∼85 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 72 22 amino amino NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 23 acids acid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 72 24 each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 72 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 72 26 followed follow VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 27 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 28 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 72 29 flexible flexible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 72 30 hinge hinge NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 31 region region NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 72 33 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 72 34 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 35 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 36 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 72 37 consists consist VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 72 38 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 39 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 72 40 RecA RecA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 72 41 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 72 42 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 72 43 Hel1 Hel1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 72 44 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 72 45 Hel2 Hel2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 72 46 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 72 47 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 48 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 72 49 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 72 50 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 51 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 72 52 hydrolyzing hydrolyzing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 53 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 54 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 55 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 72 56 interface interface NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 72 58 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 72 59 3A 3a NN cord-350836-1enteev7 72 60 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 72 61 B B NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 72 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 72 63 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 73 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 2 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 73 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 73 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 73 5 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 73 8 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 73 9 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 10 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 11 distinguishes distinguish VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 73 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 73 14 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 73 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 73 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 73 17 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 18 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 73 19 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 20 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 73 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 73 22 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 73 23 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 73 24 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 73 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 74 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 2 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 74 3 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 74 4 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 74 5 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 6 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 7 helicases helicase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 74 8 where where WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 74 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 74 10 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 11 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 74 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 74 13 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 74 14 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 15 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 74 17 become become VB cord-350836-1enteev7 74 18 structurally structurally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 74 19 organized organize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 74 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 74 22 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 74 23 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 24 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 26 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 27 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 74 28 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 74 29 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 74 30 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 74 31 remains remain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 74 32 comparatively comparatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 74 33 open open JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 74 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 74 35 structurally structurally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 74 36 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 74 37 following follow VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 74 38 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 39 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 74 40 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 75 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 75 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 75 3 aided aid VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 75 6 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 75 7 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 8 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 9 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 75 10 formed form VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 12 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 75 13 interface interface NN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 14 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 75 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 75 16 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 75 17 Hel Hel NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 75 18 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 75 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 75 20 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 75 21 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 75 22 relatively relatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 75 23 far far RB cord-350836-1enteev7 75 24 apart apart RB cord-350836-1enteev7 75 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 75 26 64 64 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 75 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 75 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 76 1 These these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 76 2 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 76 3 features feature NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 76 4 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 76 5 connected connect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 6 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 7 another another DT cord-350836-1enteev7 76 8 flexible flexible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 76 9 hinge hinge NN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 10 region region NN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 11 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 76 13 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 76 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 76 15 predominantly predominantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 76 16 β β NN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 76 18 sheet sheet NN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 19 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 20 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 21 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 76 23 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 76 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 76 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 76 26 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 76 27 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 76 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 76 29 binds bind VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 76 30 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 76 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 76 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 76 33 65 65 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 76 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 76 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 77 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 77 2 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 77 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 77 6 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 77 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 77 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 77 9 contains contain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 77 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 77 11 zinc zinc NN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 12 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 77 13 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 14 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 77 15 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 77 16 related relate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 18 those those DT cord-350836-1enteev7 77 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 77 21 GDP GDP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 77 22 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 77 23 GTP GTP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 77 24 exchange exchange NN cord-350836-1enteev7 77 25 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 77 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 77 27 66 66 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 77 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 77 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 78 1 Each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 78 2 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 78 4 contains contain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 78 5 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 78 6 positively positively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 78 7 charged charge VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 8 groove groove NN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 9 within within IN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 10 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 78 11 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 12 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 78 13 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 78 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 78 16 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 78 17 groove groove NN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 18 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 78 19 structurally structurally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 78 20 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 78 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 22 each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 78 23 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 78 25 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 78 26 explaining explain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 78 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 78 28 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 78 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 78 30 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 78 31 preferences preference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 78 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 78 33 66 66 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 78 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 78 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 79 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 79 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 79 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 79 4 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 79 5 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 79 6 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 79 7 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 79 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 79 9 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 79 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 79 11 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 79 12 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 79 13 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 79 14 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 79 15 groups group NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 79 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 79 17 67 67 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 79 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 80 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 80 2 68 68 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 80 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 81 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 81 2 69 69 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 81 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 2 70 70 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 5 71 71 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 8 72 72 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 11 73 73 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 14 74 74 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 17 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 82 20 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 82 21 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 82 22 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 82 23 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 82 24 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 82 25 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 82 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 82 27 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 82 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 82 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 30 76 76 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 33 77 77 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 36 78 78 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 39 79 79 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 82 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 82 42 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 82 43 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 82 44 discussed discuss VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 82 45 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 82 46 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 82 47 below below RB cord-350836-1enteev7 82 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 82 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 83 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 83 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 83 3 notable notable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 83 4 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 83 5 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 83 6 regard regard NN cord-350836-1enteev7 83 7 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 83 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 83 9 Hel Hel NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 83 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 83 11 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 83 12 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 83 13 adopt adopt VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 83 14 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 83 15 orientations orientation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 83 16 relative relative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 83 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 83 18 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 83 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 83 20 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 83 21 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 83 22 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 83 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 83 24 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 83 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 84 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 84 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 84 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 84 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 84 6 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 7 Hel Hel NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 84 9 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 10 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 11 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 84 12 tilted tilt VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 13 relative relative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 84 14 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 15 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 16 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 84 18 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 19 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 84 20 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 84 22 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 84 23 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 84 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 84 25 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 84 26 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 84 27 ends end NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 84 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 84 30 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 84 32 61 61 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 84 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 84 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 84 35 whereas whereas IN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 84 37 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 38 Hel Hel NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 39 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 84 40 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 41 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 42 runs run VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 84 43 parallel parallel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 84 44 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 45 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 84 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 47 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 84 49 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 84 50 3C 3c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 84 51 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 84 52 D D NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 84 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 84 54 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 85 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 85 2 series series NN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 4 steps step NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 85 5 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 6 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 85 9 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 85 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 85 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 85 12 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 13 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 85 14 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 15 described describe VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 17 depth depth NN cord-350836-1enteev7 85 18 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-350836-1enteev7 85 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 85 20 80 80 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 85 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 85 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 85 23 81 81 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 85 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 86 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 86 2 82 82 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 86 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 87 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 87 2 83 83 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 87 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 88 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 88 2 84 84 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 88 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 88 4 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 89 1 Briefly Briefly NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 89 2 summarized summarize VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 89 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 89 4 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 89 5 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 89 6 endogenously endogenously RB cord-350836-1enteev7 89 7 exist exist VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 89 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 89 10 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 89 13 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 89 16 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 89 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 89 18 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 19 conformation conformation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 20 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 89 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 89 22 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 89 23 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 89 24 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 25 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 26 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 89 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 89 28 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 89 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 89 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 89 31 85 85 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 89 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 89 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 89 34 86 86 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 89 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 89 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 89 37 87 87 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 89 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 90 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 90 2 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 90 3 4A 4a CD cord-350836-1enteev7 90 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 90 5 F F NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 90 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 90 7 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 91 1 Phosphorylation Phosphorylation NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 91 3 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 4 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 91 6 N n CD cord-350836-1enteev7 91 7 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 8 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 9 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 91 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 11 S8 S8 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 91 13 T170 T170 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 91 18 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 20 PKC PKC NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 91 22 α α NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 23 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 91 24 β β NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 26 88 88 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 91 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 91 28 89 89 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 91 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 91 31 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 91 33 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 34 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 36 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 37 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 39 S854 S854 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 40 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 91 41 S855 s855 UH cord-350836-1enteev7 91 42 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 91 43 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 91 44 T770 T770 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 91 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 46 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 91 47 CKβ CKβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 91 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 49 90 90 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 91 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 91 51 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 92 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 92 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 92 3 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 92 4 hand hand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 92 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 92 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 92 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 92 8 phosphorylated phosphorylate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 92 9 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 92 10 S828 S828 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 92 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 92 12 RIOK3 riok3 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 92 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 92 14 91 91 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 92 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 92 16 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 92 17 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 92 18 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 92 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 92 20 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 92 21 yet yet CC cord-350836-1enteev7 92 22 unknown unknown JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 92 23 kinases kinase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 92 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 92 25 92 92 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 92 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 92 27 93 93 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 92 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 92 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 93 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 93 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 93 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 93 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 93 6 acetylated acetylate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 7 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 8 K909 k909 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 93 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 93 11 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 93 12 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 13 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 14 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 93 15 requires require VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 93 16 deacetylation deacetylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 17 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 18 HDAC6 HDAC6 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 93 19 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 93 20 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 93 21 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 93 22 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 93 23 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 93 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 93 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 93 27 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 28 form form NN cord-350836-1enteev7 93 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 93 30 94 94 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 93 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 93 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 94 1 Upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 2 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 4 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 94 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 6 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 94 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 94 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 94 12 unfolds unfold VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 94 13 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 14 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 94 15 open open JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 94 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 94 17 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 18 state state NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 19 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 94 20 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 94 21 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 94 24 flexible flexible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 94 25 hinge hinge NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 26 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 94 27 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 94 29 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 30 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 94 31 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 94 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 94 33 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 34 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 94 36 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 94 37 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 94 39 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 40 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 94 41 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 94 42 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 94 43 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 44 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 46 64 64 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 94 47 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 94 48 87 87 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 94 49 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 94 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 51 95 95 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 94 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 54 96 96 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 94 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 57 97 97 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 94 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 60 98 98 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 94 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 63 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 64 4B 4b NN cord-350836-1enteev7 94 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 94 66 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 95 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 95 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 95 3 contrary contrary NN cord-350836-1enteev7 95 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 95 5 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 95 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 95 7 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 95 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 95 9 suggest suggest VB cord-350836-1enteev7 95 10 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 95 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 95 12 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 95 13 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 95 14 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 95 15 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 95 16 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 95 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 95 18 99 99 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 95 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 95 20 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 96 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 2 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 96 3 model model NN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 96 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 96 8 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 9 described describe VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 10 above above RB cord-350836-1enteev7 96 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 96 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 96 13 exists exist VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 96 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 96 16 conformational conformational JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 96 17 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 18 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 19 close close JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 96 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 96 21 open open JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 96 22 forms form NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 96 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 96 24 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 25 close close JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 96 26 forms form NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 96 27 favored favor VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 28 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 96 30 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 31 unliganded unligande VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 32 state state NN cord-350836-1enteev7 96 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 97 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 2 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 97 3 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 97 4 formally formally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 97 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 97 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 97 8 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 97 9 possible possible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 97 10 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 97 12 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 97 13 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 97 14 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 97 17 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 97 20 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 21 ligand ligand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 97 24 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 97 25 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 97 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 97 27 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 97 28 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 97 29 prevent prevent VB cord-350836-1enteev7 97 30 strong strong JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 97 31 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 32 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 97 33 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 34 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 97 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 97 36 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 97 37 4F 4f CD cord-350836-1enteev7 97 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 97 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 98 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 98 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 98 3 upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 4 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 98 5 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 6 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 7 ligand ligand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 98 9 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 98 10 adopts adopt VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 98 11 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 98 12 open open JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 98 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 98 14 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 15 form form NN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 98 17 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 98 18 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 98 19 perhaps perhaps RB cord-350836-1enteev7 98 20 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 98 21 conducive conducive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 98 22 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 23 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 24 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 98 25 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 26 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 98 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 98 28 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 98 29 4G 4g NN cord-350836-1enteev7 98 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 98 31 H H NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 98 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 98 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 99 1 Once once IN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 99 3 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 99 4 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 5 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 99 6 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 99 7 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 8 de de VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 9 - - VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 10 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 99 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 99 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 99 13 E3 e3 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 14 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 15 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 16 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 99 17 attaches attach VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 99 18 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 19 peptides peptide NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 99 20 onto onto IN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 99 22 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 99 23 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 24 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 99 26 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 100 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 100 2 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 100 3 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 100 4 K849 k849 VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 100 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 100 6 K851 K851 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 100 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 100 8 100 100 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 100 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 100 10 101 101 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 100 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 100 12 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 101 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 101 2 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 101 3 previously previously RB cord-350836-1enteev7 101 4 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 6 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 8 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 101 9 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 101 10 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 101 11 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 12 opening open VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 101 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 101 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 101 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 101 17 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 18 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 101 21 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 22 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 101 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 101 24 102 102 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 101 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 101 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 102 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 102 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 102 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 102 5 situ situ JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 102 6 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 102 7 found find VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 102 8 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 10 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 102 11 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 102 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 102 13 weaken weaken VB cord-350836-1enteev7 102 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 102 15 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 16 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 17 purified purify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 102 20 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 102 21 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 102 22 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 23 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 102 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 102 27 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 28 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 29 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 102 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 102 31 86 86 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 102 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 102 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 102 34 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 35 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 36 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 102 37 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 102 38 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 39 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 102 40 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 102 42 103 103 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 102 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 102 44 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 102 45 calling call VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 102 46 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 47 question question NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 48 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 102 49 sequential sequential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 102 50 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 51 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 52 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 53 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 102 54 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 102 55 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 102 57 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 102 58 4C 4c CD cord-350836-1enteev7 102 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 102 60 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 103 1 Following follow VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 103 2 de de NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 3 - - NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 4 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 103 7 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 8 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 9 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 103 11 phosphatase phosphatase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 12 PP1-α PP1-α NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 103 13 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 103 14 γ γ NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 103 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 16 92 92 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 103 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 103 19 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 103 20 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 21 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 103 22 polyubiquinated polyubiquinate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 23 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 24 K172 K172 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 103 25 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 103 27 E3 E3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 103 28 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 103 29 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 30 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 32 104 104 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 103 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 103 35 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 103 36 itself -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 103 37 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 103 38 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 39 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 40 Caspase Caspase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 103 41 12 12 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 103 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 43 105 105 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 103 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 46 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 103 47 4D 4d CD cord-350836-1enteev7 103 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 103 49 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 104 1 TRIM25 trim25 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 2 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 104 3 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 104 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 104 7 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 104 8 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 104 9 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 104 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 13 mutual mutual JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 14 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 104 15 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 16 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 17 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 18 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 19 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 20 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 21 coding coding JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 104 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 104 24 lncRNA lncRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 104 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 104 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 104 27 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 104 28 occurs occur VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 104 29 outside outside RB cord-350836-1enteev7 104 30 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 31 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 104 32 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 33 recognizing recognize VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 104 34 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 35 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 104 37 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 104 38 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 39 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 40 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 104 41 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 104 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 104 43 106 106 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 104 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 104 45 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 105 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 105 2 recent recent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 105 3 study study NN cord-350836-1enteev7 105 4 showed show VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 105 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 105 6 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 105 7 rather rather RB cord-350836-1enteev7 105 8 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 105 9 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 105 10 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 105 11 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 105 12 responsible responsible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 105 13 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 105 14 ubiquitinating ubiquitinate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 105 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 105 16 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 105 17 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 106 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 106 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 106 3 103 103 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 106 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 106 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 107 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 107 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 107 3 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 107 4 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 107 5 several several JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 107 6 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 107 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 107 8 take take VB cord-350836-1enteev7 107 9 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 107 10 consideration consideration NN cord-350836-1enteev7 107 11 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 107 12 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 107 13 study study NN cord-350836-1enteev7 107 14 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 108 1 These these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 108 2 recent recent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 108 3 results result NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 108 4 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 108 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 6 using use VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 108 7 KO KO NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 108 8 293 293 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 108 9 T t NN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 108 11 mouse mouse VB cord-350836-1enteev7 108 12 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 108 13 fibroblast fibroblast NN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 108 15 MEF MEF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 108 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 108 17 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 108 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 108 19 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 108 21 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 108 22 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 108 23 clear clear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 108 24 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 25 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 108 26 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 27 occurred occur VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 108 28 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 29 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 108 30 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 31 lysine lysine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 32 sites site NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 108 33 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 34 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 108 35 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 108 36 I. i. NN cord-350836-1enteev7 109 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 109 2 question question NN cord-350836-1enteev7 109 3 remains remain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 109 4 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 109 5 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 109 6 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 109 7 ubiquitinate ubiquitinate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 109 8 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 109 9 lysine lysine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 109 10 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 109 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 109 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 109 13 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 109 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 109 15 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 109 16 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 110 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 110 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 110 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 110 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 110 5 situ situ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 110 6 experiments experiment NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 110 7 comparing compare VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 110 8 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 111 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 111 2 ubiquitination ubiquitination IN cord-350836-1enteev7 111 3 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 111 4 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 111 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 111 6 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 111 7 utilized utilize VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 111 8 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 111 9 E2 E2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 111 10 enzyme enzyme NN cord-350836-1enteev7 111 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 111 12 103 103 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 111 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 111 14 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 111 15 had have VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 111 16 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 111 17 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 111 18 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 111 19 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 111 20 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 111 21 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 111 22 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 111 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 111 24 107 107 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 111 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 111 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 112 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 112 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 112 3 E2 E2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 112 4 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 112 5 utilizes utilize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 112 6 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 112 7 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 112 8 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 112 9 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 112 10 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 112 11 identified identify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 112 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 112 13 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 112 14 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 112 15 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 112 16 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 112 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 112 18 ubiquitinate ubiquitinate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 112 19 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 113 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 113 2 in in RB cord-350836-1enteev7 113 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 113 4 situ situ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 113 5 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 113 6 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 113 7 general general JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 113 8 mixture mixture NN cord-350836-1enteev7 113 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 113 10 E2 E2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 113 11 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 113 12 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 113 13 used use VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 113 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 113 15 108 108 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 113 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 113 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 114 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 114 2 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 114 3 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 114 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 114 5 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 114 6 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 114 7 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 114 8 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 114 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 114 10 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 114 11 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 114 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 114 13 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 114 14 level level NN cord-350836-1enteev7 114 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 114 16 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 114 17 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 114 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 114 19 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 114 20 productively productively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 114 21 ubiquitinate ubiquitinate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 114 22 RIG- rig- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 115 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 115 3 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 115 5 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 6 protease protease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 7 USP15 USP15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 115 8 deubiquitinates deubiquitinates NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 115 9 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 115 10 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 11 later later JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 115 12 time time NN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 13 points point NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 115 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 15 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 115 16 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 115 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 115 18 109 109 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 115 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 115 20 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 116 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 116 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 116 3 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 116 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 116 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 116 8 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 116 9 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 116 10 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 116 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 116 14 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 116 16 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 116 17 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 116 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 116 20 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 116 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 116 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 23 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 116 24 vivo vivo NN cord-350836-1enteev7 116 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 117 1 For for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 117 3 former former JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 117 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 117 5 siRNA siRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 117 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 117 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 8 knock knock NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 117 10 down down NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 12 110 110 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 117 14 111 111 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 117 17 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 117 18 knockout knockout NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 20 112 112 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 117 23 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 25 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 117 26 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 28 109 109 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 117 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 31 113 113 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 34 114 114 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 37 115 115 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 40 116 116 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 42 conditions condition NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 117 43 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 44 TRIM25 trim25 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 45 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 46 multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 117 47 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 48 types type NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 117 49 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 117 50 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 51 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 52 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 117 53 change change VB cord-350836-1enteev7 117 54 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 55 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 117 56 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 117 57 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 117 58 localization localization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 60 110 110 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 117 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 117 62 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 117 63 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 117 64 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 117 65 affect affect VB cord-350836-1enteev7 117 66 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 67 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 117 68 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 117 69 K63 K63 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 117 70 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 71 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 117 72 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 73 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 117 74 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 117 75 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 117 76 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 117 77 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 117 78 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 1 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 118 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 118 3 constitutively constitutively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 118 4 active active JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 118 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 118 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 118 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 118 8 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 118 9 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 118 10 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 11 overexpressed overexpresse VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 118 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 13 109 109 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 118 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 16 112 112 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 19 113 113 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 22 114 114 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 25 115 115 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 28 116 116 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 30 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 118 31 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 118 32 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 118 33 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 118 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 35 109 109 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 118 37 111 111 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 38 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 118 39 114 114 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 118 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 118 42 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 119 1 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 119 2 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 4 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 119 5 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 119 6 even even RB cord-350836-1enteev7 119 7 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 119 8 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 119 9 source source NN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 119 12 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 119 13 selection selection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 14 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 119 16 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 18 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 119 19 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 119 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 119 21 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 22 NS1 ns1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 23 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 119 24 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 119 25 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 119 26 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 27 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 28 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 119 29 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 119 30 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 119 31 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 119 32 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 120 1 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 120 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 120 3 114 114 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 120 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 120 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 121 1 For for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 121 3 latter latter JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 121 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 121 5 MEFs mef NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 121 6 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 7 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 8 KO KO NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 9 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 121 10 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 11 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 121 12 downregulated downregulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 13 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 14 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 15 upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 16 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 121 17 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 121 19 113 113 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 121 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 121 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 121 22 KO KO NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 23 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 121 24 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 25 NLRP12 NLRP12 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 121 27 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 121 28 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 121 29 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 121 30 competitive competitive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 121 31 interactor interactor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 32 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 33 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 34 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 35 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 36 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 121 37 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 121 38 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 121 39 show show VB cord-350836-1enteev7 121 40 increased increase VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 41 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 42 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 43 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 121 44 more more JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 121 45 resistance resistance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 46 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 47 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 121 48 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 121 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 121 50 117 117 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 121 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 121 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 122 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 122 2 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 122 3 contributions contribution NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 122 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 122 5 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 122 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 122 7 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 122 8 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 122 9 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 122 10 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 122 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 122 12 summarized summarize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 122 13 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-350836-1enteev7 122 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 122 15 52 52 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 122 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 122 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 123 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 123 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 123 3 clear clear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 123 4 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 123 5 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 123 6 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 123 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 123 8 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 123 9 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 123 10 mediate mediate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 123 11 K63linked K63linked NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 123 12 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 123 13 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 124 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 124 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 124 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 124 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 124 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 124 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 7 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 8 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 124 11 situ situ JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 124 12 incubation incubation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 14 purified purify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 124 17 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 18 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 19 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 124 20 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 21 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 22 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 124 23 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 124 24 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 25 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 26 free free JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 124 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 124 28 unlinked unlinked JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 124 29 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 124 30 polyubiquitin polyubiquitin NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 124 31 chains chain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 124 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 124 33 118 118 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 124 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 124 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 124 36 calling call VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 124 37 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 38 question question NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 39 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 40 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 124 41 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 124 42 attaches attach VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 124 43 K63-linked K63-linked NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 124 44 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 45 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 124 46 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 47 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 48 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 124 49 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 50 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 124 51 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 52 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 124 53 if if IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 54 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 124 55 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 124 56 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 124 57 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 124 58 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 59 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 60 unlinked unlinked JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 124 61 K63 K63 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 124 62 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 124 63 chains chain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 124 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 124 65 119 119 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 124 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 124 67 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 125 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 125 2 possible possible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 125 3 explanation explanation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 5 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 125 6 differing differ VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 125 7 results result NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 125 8 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 125 9 that that DT cord-350836-1enteev7 125 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 125 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 125 13 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 125 14 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 15 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 125 17 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 125 18 covalently covalently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 125 19 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 125 20 ubiquitinated ubiquitinate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 21 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 22 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 125 23 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 125 24 analyzed analyze VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 25 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 26 mass mass NN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 27 spectrometry spectrometry NN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 28 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 29 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 125 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 125 31 104 104 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 125 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 125 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 125 34 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 35 experiments experiment NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 125 36 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 125 37 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 125 38 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 125 39 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 125 40 covalent covalent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 125 41 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 125 42 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 43 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 125 44 those those DT cord-350836-1enteev7 125 45 involve involve VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 125 46 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 125 47 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 125 48 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 49 purified purify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 125 50 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 125 51 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 126 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 126 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 126 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 126 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 5 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 126 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 7 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 126 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 126 11 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 126 12 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 126 13 ubiquitinated ubiquitinate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 14 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 15 K164 k164 ADD cord-350836-1enteev7 126 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 126 17 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 126 19 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 126 20 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 126 21 functionally functionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 126 22 redundant redundant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 126 23 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 24 K172 K172 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 126 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 126 26 120 120 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 126 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 126 28 121 121 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 126 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 126 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 126 31 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 126 33 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 34 possibly possibly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 126 35 upregulating upregulate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 126 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 126 37 K63 K63 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 126 38 ubiquitination ubiquitination IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 39 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 40 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 126 41 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 126 42 6 6 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 126 43 lysine lysine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 44 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 126 45 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 46 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 47 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 126 48 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 126 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 126 50 121 121 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 126 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 126 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 127 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 127 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 127 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 127 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 127 5 unknown unknown JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 127 6 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 127 7 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 127 8 ubiquitinates ubiquitinate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 127 9 K164 K164 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 127 10 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 127 11 any any DT cord-350836-1enteev7 127 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 127 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 127 14 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 127 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 127 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 127 17 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 127 18 lysine lysine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 127 19 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 127 20 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 128 1 Notably notably RB cord-350836-1enteev7 128 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 128 3 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 128 4 additional additional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 128 5 lysine lysine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 6 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 128 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 128 9 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 128 11 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 12 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 13 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 128 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 16 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 128 17 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 128 19 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 20 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 21 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 22 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 128 23 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 128 24 K27 K27 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 128 26 K48 K48 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 27 ubiquitinated ubiquitinate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 128 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 29 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 128 30 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 31 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 32 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 33 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 34 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 35 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 36 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 128 37 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 39 122 122 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 128 40 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 128 41 123 123 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 128 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 43 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 128 44 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 46 123 123 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 128 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 49 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 128 50 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 128 51 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 128 52 four four CD cord-350836-1enteev7 128 53 listed list VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 54 above above RB cord-350836-1enteev7 128 55 appear appear VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 128 56 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 128 57 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 128 58 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 128 59 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 128 60 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 128 61 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 62 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 63 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 64 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 65 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 128 66 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 128 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 68 122 122 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 128 69 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 128 70 124 124 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 128 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 128 72 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 129 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 129 2 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 129 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 129 4 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 129 5 ubiquitin ubiquitin JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 129 6 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 129 7 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 129 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 129 9 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 129 10 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 129 11 controversial controversial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 129 12 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 130 1 Independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 130 2 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 130 3 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 130 4 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 130 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 130 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 130 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 130 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 130 9 125 125 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 130 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 130 11 126 126 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 130 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 130 13 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 130 14 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 130 15 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 130 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 130 17 126 126 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 130 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 130 19 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 130 20 polyubiquitinated polyubiquitinate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 130 21 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 131 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 131 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 131 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 5 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 131 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 7 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 8 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 9 does do VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 131 10 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 131 11 affect affect VB cord-350836-1enteev7 131 12 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 16 without without IN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 17 distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 131 18 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 19 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 131 21 K48 K48 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 22 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 25 104 104 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 131 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 131 28 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 29 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 131 31 increase increase VB cord-350836-1enteev7 131 32 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 33 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 35 125 125 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 131 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 37 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 131 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 131 39 only only JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 131 40 apparent apparent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 131 41 difference difference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 42 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 43 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 131 44 experimental experimental JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 131 45 models model NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 131 46 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 131 47 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 131 48 usage usage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 49 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 50 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 51 T t NN cord-350836-1enteev7 131 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 53 104 104 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 131 54 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 131 55 126 126 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 131 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 57 vs. vs. FW cord-350836-1enteev7 131 58 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 131 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 60 125 125 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 131 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 131 62 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 131 63 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 132 1 TRIM65 TRIM65 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 132 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 132 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 132 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 132 5 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 132 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 132 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 132 8 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 132 9 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 132 10 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 132 11 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 132 12 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 132 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 132 14 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 132 15 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 132 16 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 132 17 K743 k743 ADD cord-350836-1enteev7 132 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 132 19 127 127 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 132 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 132 21 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 133 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 133 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 133 3 clear clear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 133 4 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 133 5 additional additional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 133 6 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 133 7 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 133 8 needed need VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 133 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 133 10 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 133 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 133 12 clarify clarify VB cord-350836-1enteev7 133 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 133 14 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 133 15 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 133 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 133 17 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 133 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 134 1 Upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 2 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 134 3 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 4 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 134 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 6 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 134 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 134 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 134 12 oligomerizes oligomerizes VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 134 13 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 14 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 134 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 134 17 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 134 18 / / , cord-350836-1enteev7 134 19 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 20 complexes complex NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 134 21 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 134 22 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 134 23 helical helical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 134 24 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 134 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 26 128 128 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 134 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 28 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 29 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 134 30 2:2 2:2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 134 31 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 32 using use VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 134 33 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 134 34 purified purify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 35 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 36 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 134 37 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 38 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 40 87 87 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 134 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 42 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 134 43 where where WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 134 44 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 134 45 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 134 46 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 47 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 134 48 serve serve VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 134 49 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 50 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 134 51 scaffold scaffold NN cord-350836-1enteev7 134 52 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 134 53 link link VB cord-350836-1enteev7 134 54 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 134 55 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 134 56 together together RB cord-350836-1enteev7 134 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 58 118 118 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 134 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 134 60 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 135 1 These these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 135 2 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 135 3 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 135 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 135 5 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 135 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 135 7 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 135 8 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 135 9 under under IN cord-350836-1enteev7 135 10 normal normal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 135 11 conditions condition NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 135 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 135 13 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 135 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 135 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 135 16 I. i. NN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 136 2 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 136 3 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 136 4 due due JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 136 5 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 136 7 helical helical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 136 8 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 136 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 136 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 136 14 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 136 15 closely closely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 136 16 matching match VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 136 17 those those DT cord-350836-1enteev7 136 18 formed form VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 20 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 136 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 136 22 63 63 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 136 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 136 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 136 25 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 136 26 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 136 27 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 28 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 136 29 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 136 30 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 136 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 32 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 136 33 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 136 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 136 35 129 129 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 136 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 136 37 130 130 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 136 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 136 39 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 40 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 136 42 own own JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 136 43 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 136 44 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 136 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 136 46 131 131 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 136 47 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 136 48 132 132 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 136 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 136 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 137 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 137 2 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 137 3 model model NN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 5 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 137 6 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 137 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 137 11 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 137 12 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 13 proposed propose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 15 stacking stack VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 137 16 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 137 17 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 18 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 137 19 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 20 top top NN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 137 22 RIG- rig- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 138 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 138 2 CARD card VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 138 3 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 138 4 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 138 5 extend extend VB cord-350836-1enteev7 138 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 138 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 138 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 138 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 138 10 helix helix NN cord-350836-1enteev7 138 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 138 12 133 133 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 138 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 138 14 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 139 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 139 2 minimum minimum JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 139 3 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 139 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 139 5 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 139 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 139 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 139 8 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 139 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 1 -I -I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 140 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 140 3 13 13 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 140 4 base base NN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 5 pairs pair NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 140 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 140 7 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 140 8 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 140 9 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 140 10 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 140 12 minimum minimum JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 140 13 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 14 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 140 15 facilitate facilitate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 140 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 140 17 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 19 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 140 20 2-RIG 2-rig CD cord-350836-1enteev7 140 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 140 22 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 140 23 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 140 24 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 25 dimer dimer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 140 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 140 27 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 140 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 140 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 141 1 That that DT cord-350836-1enteev7 141 2 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 141 3 said say VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 141 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 141 5 shorter short JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 141 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 141 7 ∼10 ∼10 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 141 8 bp bp NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 141 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 142 1 5 5 LS cord-350836-1enteev7 142 2 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 142 3 ppp ppp NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 142 4 stem stem NN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 5 loop loop NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 142 6 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 7 complexes complex NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 142 8 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 142 9 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 142 10 previously previously RB cord-350836-1enteev7 142 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 12 used use VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 142 14 obtain obtain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 142 15 X x NN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 16 - - NN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 17 ray ray NN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 18 crystallographic crystallographic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 142 19 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 142 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 142 21 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 143 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 143 2 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 143 3 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 143 4 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 143 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 6 61 61 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 143 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 143 8 134 134 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 143 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 143 10 135 135 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 143 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 13 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 143 14 3C 3c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 143 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 16 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 143 17 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 143 18 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 143 19 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 143 20 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 143 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 143 22 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 143 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 24 135 135 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 143 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 143 26 136 136 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 143 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 143 29 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 143 30 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 143 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 32 136 136 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 143 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 143 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 144 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 144 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 144 3 A549 a549 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 144 4 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 144 5 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 144 6 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 144 7 transfected transfecte VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 8 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 144 11 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 12 plasmid plasmid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 13 6 6 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 144 14 h h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 15 prior prior RB cord-350836-1enteev7 144 16 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 144 18 transfection transfection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 19 had have VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 144 20 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 144 21 minimum minimum JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 144 22 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 144 23 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 25 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 144 26 8 8 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 144 27 - - SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 144 28 10 10 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 144 29 bp bp NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 144 30 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 31 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 32 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 144 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 144 34 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 144 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 144 36 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 145 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 145 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 145 3 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 145 6 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 7 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 8 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 145 9 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 145 10 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 145 11 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 145 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 13 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 145 16 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 145 17 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 18 under under IN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 19 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 145 20 experimental experimental JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 145 21 conditions condition NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 145 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 145 23 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 145 24 need need VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 145 25 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 145 26 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 145 27 further further RB cord-350836-1enteev7 145 28 investigated investigate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 145 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 146 1 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 146 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 146 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 146 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 146 5 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 146 6 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 146 7 oligomerize oligomerize NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 146 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 146 9 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 146 10 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 146 11 RNAassociated rnaassociate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 146 12 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 146 13 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 146 14 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 146 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 146 16 62 62 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 146 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 146 18 137 137 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 146 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 146 20 138 138 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 146 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 147 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 147 2 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 147 3 3D 3d JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 147 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 147 5 4H 4H NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 147 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 147 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 147 8 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 147 9 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 147 10 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 147 11 aided aid VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 147 12 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 147 13 chaperone chaperone NN cord-350836-1enteev7 147 14 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 147 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 147 16 139 139 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 147 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 147 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 148 1 Given give VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 2 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 148 4 K743 K743 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 148 5 residue residue NN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 148 8 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 148 9 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 10 ubiquitinated ubiquitinate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 12 TRIM65 TRIM65 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 148 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 148 14 127 127 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 148 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 148 16 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 148 17 located locate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 18 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 148 20 surface surface NN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 22 Hel2 Hel2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 148 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 148 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 148 25 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 148 26 possible possible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 148 27 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 28 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 148 29 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 30 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 148 31 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 148 32 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 148 33 help help VB cord-350836-1enteev7 148 34 stabilize stabilize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 148 35 MDA5-dsRNA mda5-dsrna IN cord-350836-1enteev7 148 36 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 148 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 148 38 140 140 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 148 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 148 40 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 149 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 149 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 149 3 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 149 4 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 149 5 spontaneously spontaneously RB cord-350836-1enteev7 149 6 forms form VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 149 7 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 149 8 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 149 9 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 149 10 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 149 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 149 12 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 149 13 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 149 14 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 149 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 149 16 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 149 17 in in NN cord-350836-1enteev7 149 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 149 19 situ situ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 149 20 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 150 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 150 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 150 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 150 4 thought think VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 150 7 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 9 longer long JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 150 10 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 150 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 150 13 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 150 14 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 150 15 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 17 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 150 18 longer long JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 150 19 linkage linkage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 20 region region NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 21 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 22 CARD2 CARD2 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 150 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 150 24 Hel1 Hel1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 150 25 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 27 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 28 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 150 29 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 30 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 31 50 50 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 150 32 amino amino NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 33 acids acid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 150 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 150 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 150 36 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 37 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 38 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 150 39 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 150 40 wellconserved wellconserve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 41 across across IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 42 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 150 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 150 44 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 150 45 allowing allow VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 150 46 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 47 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 150 48 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 49 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 50 more more JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 150 51 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 52 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 150 53 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 54 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 150 55 oligomer oligomer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 150 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 150 57 133 133 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 150 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 150 59 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 151 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 151 2 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 4 longer long JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 151 5 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 151 6 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 151 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 151 10 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 12 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 151 13 controversial controversial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 151 15 giving give VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 151 16 rise rise NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 18 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 151 19 alternate alternate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 20 models model NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 151 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 23 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 151 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 151 25 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 26 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 151 27 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 29 individual individual JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 30 single single JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 31 unit unit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 34 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 151 35 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 151 36 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 37 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 38 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 39 monomers monomer NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 151 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 151 41 leaving leave VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 151 42 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 151 43 free free JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 44 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 45 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 46 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 151 47 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 48 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 49 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 151 50 hairpin hairpin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 51 loop loop NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 151 53 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 151 54 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 151 55 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 151 56 oligomerizes oligomerize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 57 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 58 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 59 tetramerization tetramerization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 60 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 151 61 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 62 linked link VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 63 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 64 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 151 65 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 66 chains chain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 151 67 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 151 68 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 151 69 filamentation filamentation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 70 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 71 longer long JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 151 72 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 151 73 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 152 1 Like like IN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 2 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 152 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 152 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 152 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 152 7 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 8 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 152 9 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 152 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 152 12 situ situ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 13 independent independent NN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 15 ubiquitin ubiquitin NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 152 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 17 141 141 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 152 19 142 142 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 152 22 induces induce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 152 23 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 152 24 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 152 25 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 152 26 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 152 27 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 152 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 29 142 142 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 31 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 152 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 152 33 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 152 34 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 152 35 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 36 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 152 37 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 152 38 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 152 39 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 40 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 152 41 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 152 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 43 129 129 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 44 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 152 45 130 130 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 47 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 48 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 49 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 152 50 own own JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 152 51 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 152 52 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 152 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 54 131 131 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 55 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 152 56 132 132 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 152 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 152 58 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 153 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 153 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 153 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 153 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 153 6 filamentation filamentation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 7 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 8 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 153 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 153 10 template template NN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 153 12 forming form VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 153 13 " " `` cord-350836-1enteev7 153 14 beads bead NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 153 15 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 16 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 153 17 string string NN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 18 " " '' cord-350836-1enteev7 153 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 153 20 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 21 opposed oppose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 22 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 23 smallerscale smallerscale JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 153 24 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 25 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 153 26 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 153 27 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 153 28 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 29 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 153 31 occur occur VB cord-350836-1enteev7 153 32 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 153 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 153 34 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 153 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 154 1 Part part NN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 154 4 reasons reason NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 154 5 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 154 7 suggestion suggestion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 8 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 154 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 154 12 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 154 13 strongly strongly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 154 14 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 16 shorter short JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 154 17 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 154 18 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 154 19 based base VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 154 21 comparison comparison NN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 22 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 23 mass mass JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 154 24 equivalents equivalent NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 154 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 154 27 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 154 28 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 154 29 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 154 30 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 155 1 less less JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 155 2 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 155 3 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 155 4 triphosphorylated triphosphorylate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 155 5 ends end VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 155 6 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 155 7 longer long JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 155 8 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 155 9 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 155 10 greater great JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 155 11 mass mass NN cord-350836-1enteev7 155 12 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 155 13 shorter short JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 155 14 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 155 15 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 155 16 more more JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 155 17 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 155 18 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 155 19 triphosphorylated triphosphorylate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 155 20 ends end VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 155 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 155 22 76 76 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 155 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 155 24 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 156 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 156 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 156 3 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 156 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 156 5 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 156 6 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 156 7 normalized normalize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 156 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 156 9 molar molar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 156 10 equivalence equivalence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 156 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 156 12 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 156 13 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 156 14 appeared appear VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 156 15 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 156 16 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 156 17 positively positively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 156 18 correlated correlate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 156 19 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 156 20 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 157 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 157 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 157 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 4 141 141 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 157 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 7 142 142 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 157 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 10 143 143 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 157 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 157 13 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 157 14 became become VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 157 15 insignificant insignificant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 157 16 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 157 17 around around RB cord-350836-1enteev7 157 18 500 500 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 157 19 bp bp NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 157 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 21 141 141 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 157 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 157 23 143 143 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 157 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 157 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 158 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 158 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 158 3 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 158 4 shorter short JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 158 5 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 158 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 158 7 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 158 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 158 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 158 10 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 158 11 activates activate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 158 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 158 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 158 14 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 158 15 forms form VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 158 16 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 158 17 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 158 18 2,000 2,000 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 158 19 bp bp NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 158 20 dsRNA dsRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 158 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 158 22 137 137 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 158 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 158 24 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 159 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 159 2 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 159 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 159 6 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 159 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 159 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 159 9 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 159 10 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 11 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 159 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 159 13 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 159 14 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 159 15 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 159 16 discussed discuss VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 17 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 18 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 19 below below IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 159 21 might may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 159 22 possibly possibly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 159 23 explain explain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 159 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 159 25 decrease decrease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 27 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 159 28 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 29 efficiency efficiency NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 159 31 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 159 32 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 33 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 159 34 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 159 35 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 36 compared compare VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 37 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 38 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 159 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 159 40 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 41 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 42 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 159 43 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 159 44 seems seem VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 159 45 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 159 46 first first RB cord-350836-1enteev7 159 47 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 159 48 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 159 49 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 159 50 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 159 51 ppp ppp NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 52 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 53 before before IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 54 sliding slide VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 159 55 down down IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 56 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 159 57 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 58 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 59 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 159 60 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 159 62 144 144 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 159 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 159 64 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 159 65 whereas whereas IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 66 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 159 67 dynamically dynamically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 159 68 associates associate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 159 69 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 159 70 disassociates disassociate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 159 71 along along IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 72 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 159 73 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 74 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 75 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 159 76 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 159 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 159 78 137 137 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 159 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 159 80 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 160 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-350836-1enteev7 160 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 160 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 160 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 160 5 still still RB cord-350836-1enteev7 160 6 unclear unclear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 160 7 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 160 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 160 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 160 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 160 11 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 160 12 preferentially preferentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 160 13 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 160 14 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 160 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 160 16 longer long JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 160 17 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 161 1 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 161 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 161 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 161 4 unknown unknown JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 161 5 ability ability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 161 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 161 7 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 161 8 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 161 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 161 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 161 11 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 161 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 161 13 145 145 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 161 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 161 15 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 162 1 Once once RB cord-350836-1enteev7 162 2 fully fully RB cord-350836-1enteev7 162 3 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 162 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 162 5 oligomerized oligomerize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 162 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 162 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 162 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 162 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 162 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 162 11 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 162 12 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 162 13 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 162 14 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 162 15 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 162 16 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 162 17 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 162 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 162 19 146 146 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 162 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 162 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 162 22 147 147 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 162 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 162 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 162 25 148 148 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 162 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 163 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 163 2 149 149 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 163 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 2 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 164 3 4E 4e JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 164 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 164 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 164 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 164 8 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 164 9 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 164 10 part part NN cord-350836-1enteev7 164 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 164 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 164 13 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 164 14 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 164 15 containing contain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 164 16 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 164 17 variety variety NN cord-350836-1enteev7 164 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 164 19 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 164 20 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 164 21 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 164 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 23 6 6 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 164 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 26 7 7 LS cord-350836-1enteev7 164 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 29 8) 8) NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 164 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 31 9 9 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 164 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 164 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 165 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 165 3 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 165 4 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 5 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 6 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 165 7 much much RB cord-350836-1enteev7 165 8 weaker weak JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 165 9 direct direct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 165 10 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 11 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 12 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 165 13 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 165 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 165 17 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 165 18 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 19 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 165 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 165 22 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 165 23 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 165 24 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 165 25 lead lead VB cord-350836-1enteev7 165 26 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 165 28 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 29 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 165 30 potentiates potentiate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 165 31 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 33 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 165 34 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 35 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 36 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 165 37 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 165 39 146 146 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 165 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 165 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 165 42 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 165 43 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 165 44 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 45 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 165 46 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 165 47 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 165 48 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 165 49 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 165 50 determined determine VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 165 51 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 166 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 166 2 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 166 3 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 166 4 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 166 5 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 166 6 initiates initiate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 166 7 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 166 8 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 166 9 cascade cascade NN cord-350836-1enteev7 166 10 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 166 11 eventually eventually RB cord-350836-1enteev7 166 12 results result VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 166 13 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 166 14 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 166 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 166 16 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 166 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 166 18 150 150 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 166 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 167 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 167 2 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 167 3 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 167 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 167 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 168 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 168 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 168 3 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 168 4 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 168 7 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 168 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 168 9 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 168 10 overexpressed overexpresse VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 168 12 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 168 13 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 14 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 15 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 168 16 associate associate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 168 17 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 18 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 168 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 168 21 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 23 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 168 24 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 168 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 168 27 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 28 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 168 29 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 168 30 ablated ablate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 31 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 32 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 33 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 34 S8 S8 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 168 35 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 168 36 T170 T170 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 168 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 168 38 87 87 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 168 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 168 40 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 168 41 suggesting suggest VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 168 42 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 43 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 168 44 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 45 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 46 sites site NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 168 47 function function VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 168 48 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 49 least least JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 168 50 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 51 part part NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 52 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 168 53 prevent prevent VB cord-350836-1enteev7 168 54 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 55 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 56 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 168 57 inactive inactive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 168 58 form form NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 59 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 60 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 61 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 168 62 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 168 63 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 168 64 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 168 65 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 169 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 169 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 169 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 169 4 crystal crystal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 169 5 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 169 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 169 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 169 8 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 169 9 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 169 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 169 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 169 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 169 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 169 14 CARD card VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 169 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 169 16 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 169 17 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 169 18 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 169 19 shows show VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 169 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 169 21 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 170 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 170 2 CARD2 card2 VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 170 3 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 170 4 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 170 5 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 170 6 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 170 7 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 170 8 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 170 9 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 170 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 170 11 outside outside NN cord-350836-1enteev7 170 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 170 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 170 14 tetramer tetramer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 170 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 170 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 170 17 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 171 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 172 1 CARD1 card1 RB cord-350836-1enteev7 173 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 173 2 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 173 3 - - SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 173 4 87 87 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 173 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 173 6 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 173 7 facing face VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 173 8 toward toward IN cord-350836-1enteev7 173 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 173 10 center center NN cord-350836-1enteev7 173 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 173 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 173 13 tetramer tetramer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 173 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 173 15 63 63 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 173 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 173 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 173 18 Figure Figure NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 173 19 3E 3e NN cord-350836-1enteev7 173 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 173 21 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 174 1 NMR NMR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 174 2 solution solution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 174 3 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 174 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 174 5 RIG- rig- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 175 2 CARD2 card2 VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 175 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 175 4 shows show VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 175 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 6 T170 t170 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 175 8 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 175 9 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 175 10 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 11 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 12 dephosphorylation dephosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 14 PP1-α PP1-α NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 175 15 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 175 16 γ γ NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 175 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 175 18 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 175 19 largely largely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 175 20 buried bury VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 21 within within IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 175 23 CARD2 CARD2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 175 24 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 26 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 175 27 section section NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 28 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 175 29 would would MD cord-350836-1enteev7 175 30 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 175 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 32 closer close JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 175 33 contact contact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 34 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 175 36 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 37 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 175 38 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 175 39 suggesting suggest VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 175 40 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 41 dephosphorylation dephosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 42 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 43 T170 t170 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 175 44 affects affect VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 175 45 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 175 46 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 47 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 48 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 49 CARD2 CARD2 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 175 50 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 175 51 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 175 52 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 175 53 terminus terminus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 175 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 175 55 151 151 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 175 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 175 57 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 176 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 176 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 176 3 NMR NMR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 176 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 5 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 176 6 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 7 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 8 construct construct NN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 176 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 176 13 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 176 15 CARD2 CARD2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 176 16 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 17 shows show VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 176 18 stable stable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 176 19 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 176 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 21 CARD2 CARD2 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 176 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 176 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 176 24 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 176 25 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 26 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 176 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 176 28 151 151 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 176 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 176 30 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 177 1 What what WP cord-350836-1enteev7 177 2 all all PDT cord-350836-1enteev7 177 3 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 177 4 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 177 5 mean mean VB cord-350836-1enteev7 177 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 177 7 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 177 9 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 177 11 CARD1 card1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 12 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 177 16 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 177 17 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 177 18 somewhat somewhat RB cord-350836-1enteev7 177 19 exposed expose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 20 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 177 22 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 23 form form NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 177 25 therefore therefore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 177 26 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 177 27 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 177 28 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 29 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 177 30 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 177 31 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 32 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 177 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 177 34 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 177 35 exposure exposure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 36 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 177 37 engagement engagement NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 38 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 39 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 177 40 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 41 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 177 42 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 43 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 44 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 177 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 177 46 CARD1 card1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 47 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 177 48 CARD2 CARD2 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 177 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 177 50 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 51 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 177 52 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 53 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 54 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 55 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 177 56 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 177 57 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 177 58 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 59 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 60 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 177 61 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 177 62 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 177 63 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 177 64 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 178 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 178 2 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 3 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 178 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 178 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 178 8 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 178 9 appear appear VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 178 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 178 11 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 178 12 generally generally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 178 13 structurally structurally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 178 14 stable stable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 178 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 178 16 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 17 electron electron NN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 18 microscopic microscopic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 178 19 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 178 20 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 178 21 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 22 obtained obtain VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 178 25 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 178 26 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 27 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 28 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 178 29 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 178 30 bound bind VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 31 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 178 32 blunt blunt VB cord-350836-1enteev7 178 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 178 34 ended ended JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 178 35 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 36 showing show VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 178 37 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 178 38 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 39 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 178 40 exposed expose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 178 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 178 42 87 87 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 178 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 178 44 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 179 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 179 3 contrary contrary NN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 179 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 179 6 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 7 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 179 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 9 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 179 10 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 179 11 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 179 12 comparatively comparatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 179 13 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 179 14 flexible flexible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 179 15 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 16 those those DT cord-350836-1enteev7 179 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 179 20 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 179 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 22 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 179 24 mediate mediate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 179 25 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 179 26 MDA5-dsRNA MDA5-dsRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 179 27 filament filament NN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 28 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 179 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 179 30 99 99 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 179 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 179 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 180 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 180 2 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 3 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 180 4 complex complex NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 180 5 induces induce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 180 6 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 180 9 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 11 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 180 12 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 13 kappa kappa NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 180 15 B B NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 180 16 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 17 subunit subunit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 18 epsilon epsilon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 180 20 IKKε IKKε NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 180 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 180 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 180 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 180 24 serine serine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 25 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 180 26 threonine threonine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 27 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 180 28 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 29 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 180 30 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 180 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 180 32 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 180 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 181 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 181 2 10 10 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 181 3 - - SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 181 4 12 12 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 181 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 181 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 181 7 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 181 8 collectively collectively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 181 9 phosphorylate phosphorylate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 181 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 181 11 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 181 12 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 181 13 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 181 14 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 181 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 181 16 7 7 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 181 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 181 18 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 181 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 181 20 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 181 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 182 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 182 2 13 13 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 182 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 183 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 183 2 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 183 3 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 183 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 183 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 184 1 IKKε IKKε NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 184 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 184 3 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 184 4 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 184 5 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 184 6 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 184 7 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 184 8 number number NN cord-350836-1enteev7 184 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 184 10 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 184 11 co co NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 184 12 - - NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 184 13 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 184 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 184 15 152 152 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 184 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 184 17 153 153 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 184 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 184 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 184 20 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 184 21 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 184 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 184 23 DEADbox deadbox NN cord-350836-1enteev7 184 24 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 184 25 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 184 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 184 27 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 184 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 184 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 184 30 154 154 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 184 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 184 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 185 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 185 2 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 185 3 p p NN cord-350836-1enteev7 185 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 185 5 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 185 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 185 7 15 15 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 185 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 185 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 185 10 p p LS cord-350836-1enteev7 185 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 185 12 IRF7 IRF7 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 185 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 185 14 14 14 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 185 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 185 16 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 185 17 translocate translocate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 185 18 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 185 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 185 20 nucleus nucleus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 185 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 185 22 dimerize dimerize NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 185 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 185 24 where where WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 185 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 185 26 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 185 27 act act VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 185 28 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 185 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 185 30 primary primary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 185 31 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 185 32 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 185 33 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 185 34 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 185 35 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 185 36 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 185 37 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 185 38 respectively respectively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 185 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 186 1 Existing exist VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 186 2 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 4 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 5 IFNα IFNα NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 186 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 7 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 186 8 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 186 9 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 186 12 earliest early JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 186 13 time time NN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 14 points point NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 186 15 following follow VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 186 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 186 18 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 186 19 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 186 20 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 186 21 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 186 23 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 24 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 186 25 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 26 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 27 later later RB cord-350836-1enteev7 186 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 186 29 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 30 responsible responsible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 31 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 32 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 186 33 robust robust JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 34 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 35 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 36 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 37 control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 38 throughout throughout IN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 39 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 186 40 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 41 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 186 42 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 43 period period NN cord-350836-1enteev7 186 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 186 45 155 155 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 186 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 186 47 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 187 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 187 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 187 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 187 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 187 5 distinction distinction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 6 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 7 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 187 8 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 187 9 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 10 types type NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 11 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 12 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 187 13 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 187 15 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 16 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 17 like like IN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 18 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 187 20 conventional conventional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 187 21 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 187 22 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 23 produce produce VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 187 24 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 187 26 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 187 28 41 41 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 187 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 187 30 156 156 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 187 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 187 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 187 33 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 187 34 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 35 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 187 36 produce produce VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 187 37 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 187 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 187 39 157 157 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 187 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 187 41 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 187 42 plasmacytoid plasmacytoid NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 187 43 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 187 44 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 188 1 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 188 2 produce produce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 188 3 IFNα IFNα NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 188 4 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 188 5 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 188 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 188 7 TLR TLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 188 8 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 188 9 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 188 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 188 11 41 41 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 188 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 188 13 158 158 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 188 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 188 15 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 189 1 Signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 189 2 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 189 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 189 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 189 7 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 189 8 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 189 10 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 189 11 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 189 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 189 14 process process NN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 16 TLRmediated tlrmediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 17 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 18 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 189 19 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 189 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 189 21 159 159 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 189 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 189 23 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 190 1 Interferons interferon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 190 2 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 3 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 190 4 secreted secrete VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 5 out out IN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 190 8 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 190 10 where where WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 190 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 12 bind bind VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 13 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 190 15 own own JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 190 16 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 190 18 IFNAR IFNAR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 190 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 190 21 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 190 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 190 23 Janus Janus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 24 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 25 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 190 26 Signal Signal NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 27 Transducer Transducer NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 190 29 Activator Activator NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 30 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 31 Transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 32 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 190 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 190 34 JAK JAK NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 35 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 190 36 STAT stat NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 190 38 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 190 39 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 190 40 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 190 41 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 190 42 result result VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 190 43 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 44 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 190 45 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 190 46 feedback feedback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 47 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 190 48 loop loop NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 49 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 50 further further JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 190 51 increase increase VB cord-350836-1enteev7 190 52 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 190 53 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 190 54 I/ I/ NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 191 1 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 191 2 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 191 3 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 191 4 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 191 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 191 6 160 160 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 191 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 191 8 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 191 9 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 191 10 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 191 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 191 12 161 161 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 191 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 191 14 162 162 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 191 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 191 16 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 192 1 Expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 2 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 192 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 192 6 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 192 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 192 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 192 9 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 192 10 consistently consistently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 192 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 12 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 192 14 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 192 15 upregulated upregulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 16 downstream downstream RB cord-350836-1enteev7 192 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 18 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 192 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 192 21 163 163 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 192 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 192 23 164 164 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 192 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 192 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 192 26 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 192 27 II II NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 192 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 192 29 165 165 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 192 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 192 31 166 166 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 192 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 192 33 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 192 34 signals signal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 192 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 193 1 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 193 2 upregulation upregulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 3 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 193 4 additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 193 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 193 8 occur occur VB cord-350836-1enteev7 193 9 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 193 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 11 cytokine cytokine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 193 12 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 13 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 14 least least JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 193 15 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 16 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 193 17 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 193 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 193 19 167 167 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 193 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 193 21 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 194 1 One one CD cord-350836-1enteev7 194 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 194 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 194 4 most most RBS cord-350836-1enteev7 194 5 obvious obvious JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 194 6 distinctions distinction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 194 7 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 194 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 194 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 194 10 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 194 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 194 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 194 13 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 194 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 194 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 194 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 194 17 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 194 18 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 194 19 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 194 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 194 21 bind bind VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 194 22 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 194 23 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 194 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 194 25 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 194 26 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 194 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 194 28 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 194 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 194 30 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 195 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 195 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 195 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 195 6 highest high JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 195 7 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 8 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 9 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 10 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 11 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 195 12 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 13 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 14 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 15 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 16 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 195 18 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 19 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 20 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 195 22 67 67 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 23 - - SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 195 24 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 195 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 195 27 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 28 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 29 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 195 30 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 195 31 having have VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 195 32 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 33 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 34 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 195 35 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 195 36 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 195 37 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 195 39 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 40 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 41 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 42 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 43 phosphate phosphate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 195 44 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 45 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 46 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 195 47 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 195 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 195 49 71 71 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 50 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 195 51 73 73 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 195 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 195 53 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 196 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 196 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 196 5 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 196 6 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 196 7 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 8 ss-5 ss-5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 196 9 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 196 10 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 196 11 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 196 12 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 196 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 196 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 196 15 69 69 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 196 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 196 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 196 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 196 20 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 196 21 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 196 22 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 196 23 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 196 24 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 25 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 26 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 196 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 196 28 69 69 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 196 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 196 30 168 168 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 196 31 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 196 32 169 169 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 196 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 196 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 196 35 likely likely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 196 36 due due IN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 37 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 38 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 196 39 conformational conformational JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 196 40 need need NN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 41 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 196 42 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 196 43 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 196 44 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 196 45 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 196 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 196 47 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 197 1 As as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 2 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 197 3 result result NN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 197 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 197 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 197 8 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 197 9 greatly greatly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 197 10 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 197 13 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 197 14 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 197 15 overhang overhang NN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 16 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 197 17 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 197 18 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 19 those those DT cord-350836-1enteev7 197 20 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 21 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 197 22 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 197 23 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 197 24 overhanging overhang VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 197 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 197 26 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 197 27 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 197 28 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 197 29 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 197 30 phosphate phosphate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 197 31 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 197 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 197 33 170 170 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 197 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 197 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 198 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 2 fact fact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 198 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 198 5 single single JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 198 6 unpaired unpaired JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 198 7 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 198 8 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 198 9 triphosphorylated triphosphorylate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 10 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 11 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 198 12 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 198 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 198 14 competitively competitively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 198 15 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 198 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 198 18 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 198 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 198 20 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 198 21 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 198 22 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 23 exploited exploit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 198 26 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 198 27 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 198 28 evade evade VB cord-350836-1enteev7 198 29 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 30 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 198 31 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 198 32 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 198 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 198 34 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 198 35 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 198 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 198 37 171 171 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 198 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 198 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 199 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 199 2 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 3 preference preference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 199 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 199 8 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 9 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 10 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 11 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 12 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 13 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 199 15 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 16 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 199 17 explained explain VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 18 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 199 20 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 21 orientation orientation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 22 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 199 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 199 24 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 25 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 199 26 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 199 27 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 199 28 terminus terminus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 29 adopts adopt VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 30 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 199 31 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 199 32 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 199 33 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 34 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 199 35 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 36 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 37 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 38 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 39 phosphate phosphate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 40 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 41 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 42 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 199 43 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 44 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 45 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 46 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 47 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 48 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 199 50 71 71 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 51 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 199 52 73 73 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 199 54 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 55 compared compare VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 56 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 57 unphosphorylated unphosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 58 blunt blunt JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 199 59 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 199 60 ended end VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 61 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 199 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 199 63 172 172 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 199 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 199 65 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 200 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 200 2 minimally minimally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 200 3 required required JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 200 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 200 5 exclusionary exclusionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 200 6 features feature NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 200 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 200 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 200 9 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 200 10 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 200 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 200 12 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 200 13 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 200 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 200 15 ends end NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 200 16 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 200 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 200 18 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 200 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 200 20 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 200 21 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 200 22 proven prove VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 200 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 200 24 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 200 25 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 200 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 201 1 Certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 201 2 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 201 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 201 4 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 5 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 201 6 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 201 7 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 201 8 diphosphate diphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 9 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 10 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 201 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 201 12 minimum minimum JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 201 13 feature feature NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 14 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 15 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 201 18 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 19 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 201 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 201 21 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 201 23 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 24 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 201 25 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 201 26 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 27 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 28 failing fail VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 201 29 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 201 30 productively productively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 201 31 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 201 32 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 33 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 201 34 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 201 35 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 36 compared compare VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 37 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 38 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 201 39 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 201 40 di di NN cord-350836-1enteev7 201 41 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 201 42 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 201 43 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 201 44 phosphate phosphate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 201 45 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 201 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 201 47 173 173 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 201 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 201 49 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 202 1 Frontiers frontier NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 202 2 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 202 3 Immunology Immunology NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 202 4 | | NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 202 5 www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org NN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 203 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 203 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 203 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 203 6 poorly poorly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 203 7 distinguishes distinguish VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 203 8 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 9 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 203 10 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 11 either either DT cord-350836-1enteev7 203 12 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 203 13 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 203 14 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 203 15 - - NN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 16 phosphate phosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 203 18 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 203 19 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 203 20 diphosphate diphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 21 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 203 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 204 1 When when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 204 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 204 3 free free JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 204 4 energies energy NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 204 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 6 each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 204 7 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 8 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 204 9 calculated calculate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 204 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 204 12 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 13 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 14 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 204 15 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 204 16 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 17 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 204 18 lowered lower VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 20 disassociation disassociation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 22 magnesium magnesium NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 23 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 204 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 204 27 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 204 28 / / , cord-350836-1enteev7 204 29 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 30 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 204 31 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 205 1 Both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 205 2 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 205 3 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 205 4 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 205 5 favorable favorable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 205 6 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 205 7 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 205 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 205 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 205 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 205 11 monophosphate monophosphate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 205 12 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 205 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 205 14 174 174 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 205 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 205 16 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 206 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 206 2 similarity similarity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 4 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 5 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 206 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 206 7 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 206 8 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 206 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 206 11 context context NN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 13 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 14 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 15 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 206 16 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 206 17 produce produce VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 206 18 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 206 19 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 206 20 diphosphate diphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 21 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 206 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 206 23 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 206 24 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 206 25 reoviruses reovirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 206 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 206 27 173 173 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 206 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 206 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 207 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-350836-1enteev7 207 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 207 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 207 4 difference difference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 6 energic energic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 7 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 8 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 9 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 10 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 207 12 bi bi JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 207 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 207 15 triphosphate triphosphate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 207 16 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 207 17 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 18 likely likely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 207 19 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 20 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 21 distinction distinction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 22 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 23 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 207 25 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 207 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 207 28 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 29 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 30 self self JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 207 32 foreign foreign JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 207 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 207 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 207 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 207 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 207 37 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 207 38 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 39 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 207 40 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 207 41 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 207 42 discussed discuss VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 43 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 44 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 207 45 below below RB cord-350836-1enteev7 207 46 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 208 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 208 2 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 208 3 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 4 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 208 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 7 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 208 8 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 208 9 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 208 10 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 11 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 208 13 drive drive VB cord-350836-1enteev7 208 14 rapid rapid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 208 15 disassociation disassociation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 16 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 17 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 208 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 208 19 features feature NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 208 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 208 21 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 208 22 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 23 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 208 24 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 208 25 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 26 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 208 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 208 28 174 174 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 208 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 208 30 175 175 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 208 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 208 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 208 33 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 208 34 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 209 1 OH oh UH cord-350836-1enteev7 209 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 209 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 209 4 144 144 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 209 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 209 6 176 176 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 209 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 209 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 209 9 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 209 10 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 209 11 particularly particularly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 209 12 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 209 13 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 14 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 209 15 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 209 16 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 17 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 18 because because IN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 209 20 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 209 21 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 23 mRNA mrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 24 after after IN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 25 decapping decapping NN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 26 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 209 28 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 209 29 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 30 process process NN cord-350836-1enteev7 209 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 209 32 177 177 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 209 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 209 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 210 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 210 3 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 210 4 hand hand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 210 6 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 210 7 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 210 8 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 210 9 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 10 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 210 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 210 14 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 210 15 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 210 16 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 17 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 18 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 210 19 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 20 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 210 21 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 210 22 degree degree NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 210 24 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 25 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 210 26 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 27 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 28 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 210 29 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 210 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 210 31 case case NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 32 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 33 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 210 34 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 210 35 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 36 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 37 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 210 38 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 210 39 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 210 40 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 210 41 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 210 42 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 210 43 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 44 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 210 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 210 46 69 69 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 210 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 210 48 , , . cord-350836-1enteev7 211 1 poly(I poly(I NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 211 2 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 211 3 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 211 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 211 5 digested digest VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 211 6 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 211 7 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 211 8 III III NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 211 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 211 10 76 76 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 211 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 211 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 211 13 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 211 14 generates generate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 211 15 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 211 16 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 211 17 mono mono NN cord-350836-1enteev7 211 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 211 19 phosphate/3 phosphate/3 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 212 1 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 212 2 -OH -oh NN cord-350836-1enteev7 212 3 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 213 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 213 2 178 178 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 213 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 213 4 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 1 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 214 2 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 5 179 179 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 214 8 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 214 13 p53 p53 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 14 deficient deficient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 214 15 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 214 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 17 180 180 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 20 digested digest VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 21 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 22 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 23 L L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 25 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 214 26 produces produce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 214 27 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 28 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 29 OH oh UH cord-350836-1enteev7 214 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 214 31 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 32 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 33 mono mono NN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 34 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 214 35 phosphate phosphate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 36 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 37 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 38 subnanomolar subnanomolar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 214 39 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 214 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 41 181 181 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 43 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 214 44 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 45 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 214 46 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 47 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 48 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 214 49 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 214 50 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 214 51 case case NN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 52 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 214 53 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 54 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 214 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 56 179 179 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 214 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 214 58 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 214 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 215 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 215 2 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 215 3 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 215 5 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 215 6 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 215 7 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 8 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 215 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 215 10 determinate determinate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 215 11 feature feature NN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 215 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 215 16 activation activation VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 215 17 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 215 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 215 20 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 215 21 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 215 22 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 215 23 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 215 24 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 215 25 OH oh UH cord-350836-1enteev7 215 26 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 27 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 215 28 all all PDT cord-350836-1enteev7 215 29 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 215 30 cases case NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 215 31 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 216 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 216 2 possible possible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 216 3 explanation explanation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 216 6 discrepancy discrepancy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 7 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 216 9 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 216 10 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 11 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 12 higher high JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 216 13 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 216 15 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 216 16 might may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 17 compensate compensate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 216 18 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 216 20 less less RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 216 21 optimal optimal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 216 22 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 23 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 216 25 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 26 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 27 ends end NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 216 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 216 29 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 30 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 31 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 216 32 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 216 33 did do VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 34 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 216 35 contain contain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 216 36 stem stem NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 37 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 216 38 loop loop NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 39 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 216 40 did do VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 41 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 216 42 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 216 43 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 44 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 216 45 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 216 46 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 216 47 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 216 48 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 216 49 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 216 50 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 51 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 216 52 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 216 53 had have VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 54 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 55 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 56 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 216 57 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 216 58 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 216 59 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 60 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 61 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 216 62 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 216 63 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 216 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 216 65 179 179 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 216 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 216 67 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 217 1 Future future JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 217 2 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 217 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 217 4 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 217 5 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 217 6 further further RB cord-350836-1enteev7 217 7 characterize characterize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 217 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 217 9 behavior behavior NN cord-350836-1enteev7 217 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 217 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 217 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 217 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 217 14 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 217 15 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 217 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 217 17 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 217 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 218 1 As as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 218 2 previously previously RB cord-350836-1enteev7 218 3 mentioned mention VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 218 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 218 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 218 6 preferentially preferentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 218 7 associates associate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 218 8 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 218 9 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 218 10 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 218 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 218 12 76 76 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 218 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 219 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 219 2 77 77 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 219 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 219 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 219 5 78 78 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 219 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 219 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 219 8 79 79 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 219 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 219 10 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 220 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 220 2 crystal crystal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 3 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 220 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 220 6 modeling modeling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 220 9 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 220 10 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 11 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 12 suggest suggest VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 220 13 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 220 15 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 220 16 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 220 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 220 18 entire entire JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 220 19 first first JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 220 20 turn turn NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 220 23 blunt blunt NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 24 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 220 25 ended end VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 26 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 220 28 182 182 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 220 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 220 30 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 31 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 220 32 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 220 33 way way NN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 34 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 220 35 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 220 36 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 220 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 220 38 183 183 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 220 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 220 40 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 221 1 Like like IN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 221 4 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 221 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 221 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 221 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 221 8 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 221 9 belongs belong VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 221 10 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 221 12 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 221 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 221 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 221 15 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 221 16 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 221 17 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 18 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 221 20 helicases helicase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 221 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 221 22 184 184 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 221 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 221 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 221 25 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 221 26 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 221 27 structurally structurally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 221 28 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 221 29 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 31 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 221 32 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 221 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 221 34 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 221 35 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 221 36 lacks lack VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 221 37 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 221 38 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 39 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 221 40 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 41 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 221 42 N n CD cord-350836-1enteev7 221 43 terminus terminus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 221 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 221 45 185 185 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 221 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 221 47 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 222 1 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 222 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 222 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 222 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 222 5 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 222 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 222 7 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 222 8 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 222 9 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 222 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 222 11 digested digest VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 222 12 products product NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 222 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 222 14 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 222 15 L L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 222 16 specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 222 17 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 222 18 parainfluenza parainfluenza NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 222 19 virus virus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 222 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 222 21 186 186 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 222 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 222 23 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 223 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 223 2 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 4 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 223 5 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 223 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 223 7 elements element NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 223 8 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 223 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 223 10 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 223 11 another another DT cord-350836-1enteev7 223 12 contributing contribute VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 223 13 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 15 determining determine VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 223 16 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 223 19 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 20 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 21 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 223 22 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 223 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 223 24 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 223 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 223 26 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 223 27 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 223 28 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 223 29 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 30 described describe VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 32 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 223 33 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-350836-1enteev7 223 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 223 35 187 187 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 223 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 223 37 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 224 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 224 4 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 224 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 7 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 8 mostly mostly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 224 9 implicated implicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 224 12 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 224 13 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 14 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 16 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 224 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 224 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 19 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 224 20 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 224 21 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 22 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 224 24 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 224 25 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 26 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 27 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 224 28 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 224 29 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 224 30 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 224 31 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 224 32 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 33 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 224 34 generated generate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 35 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 36 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 224 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 38 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 39 III III NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 40 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 41 AT at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 42 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 224 43 rich rich JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 224 44 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 45 sequences sequence NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 224 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 224 47 188 188 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 224 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 224 49 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 224 50 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 51 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 52 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 53 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 54 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 224 55 Barr Barr NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 224 56 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 224 58 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 224 59 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 60 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 224 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 224 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 224 63 189 189 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 224 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 224 65 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 225 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 225 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 5 additional additional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 6 binding binding JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 7 preferences preference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 8 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 9 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 10 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 11 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 225 13 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 14 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 15 uridine uridine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 225 17 rich rich JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 18 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 19 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 20 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 21 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 22 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 23 hairpin hairpin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 26 190 190 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 225 29 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 30 AU au JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 225 32 rich rich JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 33 hairpins hairpin NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 35 191 191 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 37 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 225 38 those those DT cord-350836-1enteev7 225 39 naturally naturally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 225 40 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 41 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 42 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 225 43 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 44 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 45 Sendai Sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 46 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 47 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 48 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 225 49 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 225 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 51 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 53 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 55 192 192 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 57 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 225 58 measles measle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 60 193 193 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 62 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 225 63 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 64 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 225 65 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 67 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 70 194 194 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 72 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 225 73 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 74 KSHV KSHV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 75 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 76 transcripts transcript NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 78 195 195 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 80 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 225 81 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 225 82 poly poly JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 225 83 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 84 U U NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 85 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 225 86 UC UC NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 87 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 88 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 89 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 90 196 196 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 91 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 92 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 225 93 poly poly NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 94 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 95 A A NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 96 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 225 97 AG AG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 98 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 99 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 225 100 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 101 197 197 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 225 102 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 103 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 104 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 225 105 antisense antisense NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 106 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 107 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 108 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 109 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 110 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 225 111 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 225 112 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 225 113 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 226 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 226 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 226 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 4 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 226 5 interest interest NN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 6 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 226 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 226 8 poly poly NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 226 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 226 10 A A NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 226 11 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 226 12 AG AG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 226 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 226 14 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 226 15 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 226 16 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 226 17 located locate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 18 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 226 19 downstream downstream RB cord-350836-1enteev7 226 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 226 22 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 226 23 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 226 24 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 25 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 226 27 197 197 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 226 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 226 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 226 30 thus thus RB cord-350836-1enteev7 226 31 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 226 32 implicating implicate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 226 33 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 226 34 parts part NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 226 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 36 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 37 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 226 38 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 226 40 e.g. e.g. RB cord-350836-1enteev7 226 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 226 42 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 43 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 226 45 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 226 46 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 226 47 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 226 48 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 226 49 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 226 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 227 1 Repetitive Repetitive NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 3 elements element NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 227 4 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 227 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 227 6 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 227 7 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 227 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 9 allowing allow VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 227 10 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 11 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 13 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 227 14 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 227 15 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 227 16 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 17 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 227 18 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 227 19 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 227 20 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 227 21 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 227 22 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 227 23 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 227 24 features feature NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 227 25 needed need VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 26 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 27 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 227 28 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 31 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 227 32 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 227 34 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 35 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 227 36 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 37 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 38 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 227 39 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 227 40 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 227 41 case case NN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 42 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 43 GA GA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 44 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 227 45 rich rich JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 227 46 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 227 47 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 48 circular circular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 227 49 longnon longnon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 227 50 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 227 51 coding code VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 227 52 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 53 lnc lnc NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 54 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 227 55 Lsm3b Lsm3b NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 227 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 227 57 198 198 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 227 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 227 59 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 228 1 These these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 228 2 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 3 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 228 4 explain explain VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 228 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 6 primary primary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 7 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 228 8 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 228 9 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 10 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 11 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 12 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 228 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 228 14 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 228 15 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 228 16 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 17 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 228 18 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 228 19 mostly mostly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 228 20 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 228 21 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 228 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 228 23 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 228 24 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 228 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 228 26 199 199 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 228 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 228 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 229 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 229 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 229 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 229 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 229 6 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 229 7 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 8 particularly particularly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 229 9 implicated implicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 229 12 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 13 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 229 15 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 229 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 17 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 229 18 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 229 19 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 229 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 229 21 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 229 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 229 23 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 229 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 229 25 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 26 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 229 27 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 229 28 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 229 29 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 229 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 229 31 DVGs dvg NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 229 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 229 33 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 229 34 originally originally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 229 35 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 36 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 37 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 229 38 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 229 39 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 229 40 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 229 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 229 42 150 150 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 229 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 229 44 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 230 1 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 230 2 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 230 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 230 4 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 5 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 6 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 230 7 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 230 8 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 9 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 230 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 230 12 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 230 14 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 230 15 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 230 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 17 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 230 18 regards regard NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 230 19 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 20 standard standard JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 230 21 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 230 22 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 230 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 230 24 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 230 25 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 27 appearance appearance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 230 29 composition composition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 230 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 230 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 230 32 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 230 33 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 230 34 productively productively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 230 35 infect infect VB cord-350836-1enteev7 230 36 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 230 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 230 38 200 200 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 230 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 230 40 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 231 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 231 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 231 3 largely largely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 231 4 thought think VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 231 5 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 231 6 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 231 7 due due JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 231 8 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 231 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 231 10 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 231 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 231 12 large large JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 231 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 231 14 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 231 15 deletions deletion NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 231 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 231 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 231 18 DVG DVG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 231 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 231 20 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 231 21 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 231 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 231 23 201 201 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 231 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 231 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 232 1 Some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 232 2 DVG DVG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 232 3 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 232 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 232 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 232 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 7 noted note VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 232 9 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 232 10 " " `` cord-350836-1enteev7 232 11 copy copy VB cord-350836-1enteev7 232 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 232 13 back back NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 14 " " '' cord-350836-1enteev7 232 15 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 232 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 17 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 232 18 one one CD cord-350836-1enteev7 232 19 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 232 22 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 23 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 232 24 base base NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 25 pair pair VB cord-350836-1enteev7 232 26 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 27 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 232 28 inverted inverted JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 232 29 copy copy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 30 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 31 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 232 32 opposite opposite JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 232 33 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 34 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 232 36 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 37 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 232 38 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 232 39 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 232 40 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 232 41 due due JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 232 42 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 43 stalled stall VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 44 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 232 45 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 232 46 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 232 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 232 48 202 202 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 232 49 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 232 50 203 203 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 232 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 232 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 233 1 Copy copy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 233 3 back back NN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 233 5 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 233 6 specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 233 7 seem seem VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 233 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 233 9 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 233 10 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 233 11 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 12 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 233 13 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 15 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 233 17 tend tend VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 233 18 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 233 19 contain contain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 233 20 hairpin hairpin JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 233 21 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 233 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 233 23 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 24 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 25 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 233 26 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 233 27 phosphate phosphate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 233 28 groups group NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 233 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 233 30 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 31 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 233 32 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 33 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 34 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 35 Sendai Sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 233 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 37 204 204 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 40 205 205 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 43 206 206 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 45 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 233 46 measles measle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 233 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 48 35 35 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 49 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 233 50 207 207 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 52 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 233 53 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 233 54 chikungunya chikungunya NN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 56 35 35 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 233 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 233 58 DVG DVG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 233 59 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 233 60 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 61 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 233 62 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 233 63 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 233 64 I. i. NN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 234 3 case case NN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 5 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 234 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 234 7 DVG DVG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 234 8 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 234 9 might may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 234 10 even even RB cord-350836-1enteev7 234 11 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 234 12 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 234 13 potent potent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 234 14 activators activator NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 234 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 234 18 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 19 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 234 21 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 234 22 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 234 23 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 24 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 234 25 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 234 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 235 1 Cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 235 2 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 235 3 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 235 4 blocked block VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 235 5 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 235 6 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 235 7 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 235 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 235 9 experienced experience VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 235 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 236 2 mediated mediate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 236 3 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 4 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 5 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 236 6 infected infect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 7 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 8 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 9 stocks stock NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 236 10 grown grow VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 12 chicken chicken NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 13 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 236 14 eggs egg NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 236 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 236 16 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 236 17 produced produce VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 236 18 higher high JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 236 19 relative relative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 236 20 quantities quantity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 236 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 22 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 23 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 236 24 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 25 DVG DVG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 26 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 236 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 236 28 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 236 29 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 236 30 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 31 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 32 grown grow VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 33 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 34 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 35 culture culture NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 236 37 indicating indicate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 236 38 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 39 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 40 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 236 41 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 42 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 43 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 44 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 236 45 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 236 46 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 47 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 236 48 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 236 49 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 236 50 DI di JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 236 51 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 52 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 236 53 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 236 54 require require VB cord-350836-1enteev7 236 55 active active JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 236 56 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 236 57 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 236 58 synthesis synthesis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 236 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 236 60 208 208 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 236 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 236 62 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 237 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 237 2 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 237 3 explanation explanation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 237 4 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 237 5 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 237 6 observation observation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 237 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 237 8 that that DT cord-350836-1enteev7 237 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 1 -I -I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 238 2 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 3 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 238 4 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 238 5 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 6 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 238 8 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 9 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 10 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 11 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 13 panhandle panhandle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 14 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 238 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 238 17 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 19 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 238 20 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 21 lowered lower VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 238 24 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 26 mismatched mismatched JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 238 28 unpaired unpaired JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 29 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 238 30 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 31 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 238 32 region region NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 33 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 34 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 238 35 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 36 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 37 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 238 38 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 238 39 conserved conserve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 40 across across IN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 41 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 42 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 238 43 strains strain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 238 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 238 45 209 209 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 238 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 238 47 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 239 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 239 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 239 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 239 4 overall overall JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 239 5 panhandle panhandle JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 239 6 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 239 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 239 8 conserved conserve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 239 9 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 239 10 DVGs dvg NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 239 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 239 12 205 205 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 239 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 239 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 239 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 239 16 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 239 17 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 239 18 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 239 19 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 239 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 239 21 209 209 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 239 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 239 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 239 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 239 25 deletions deletion NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 239 26 within within IN cord-350836-1enteev7 239 27 DVGs dvg NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 239 28 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 239 29 monogenic monogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 239 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 239 31 internal internal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 239 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 239 33 210 210 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 239 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 239 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 240 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 240 2 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 240 3 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 240 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 240 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 6 enhanced enhance VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 240 9 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 10 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 240 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 12 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 240 13 DVGs dvg NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 240 14 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 240 15 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 240 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 240 17 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 240 18 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 240 20 although although IN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 240 22 level level NN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 24 exposure exposure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 240 27 panhandle panhandle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 28 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 240 29 play play VB cord-350836-1enteev7 240 30 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 240 31 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 240 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 241 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 241 3 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 241 4 extent extent NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 7 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 241 8 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 9 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 11 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 241 12 currently currently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 241 13 unknown unknown JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 241 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 241 15 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 16 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 241 17 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 241 18 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 241 19 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 241 20 predominantly predominantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 241 21 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 23 DVG DVG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 25 than than IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 26 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 27 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 241 28 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 29 specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 241 30 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 31 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 241 32 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 241 33 early early RB cord-350836-1enteev7 241 34 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 241 36 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 241 37 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 38 cycle cycle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 241 40 211 211 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 241 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 241 42 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 241 43 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 241 44 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 241 45 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 241 46 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 241 47 contributor contributor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 48 toward toward IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 49 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 241 50 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 51 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 52 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 241 53 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 241 54 enhancing enhance VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 241 55 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 241 56 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 57 maturation maturation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 241 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 241 59 212 212 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 241 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 241 61 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 242 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 242 2 comparative comparative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 242 3 abilities ability NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 242 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 5 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 242 6 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 242 7 vs. vs. IN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 8 infectious infectious JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 242 9 virions virion NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 242 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 242 11 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 242 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 242 14 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 242 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 242 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 242 17 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 242 18 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 242 19 implications implication NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 242 20 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 21 understanding understand VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 242 22 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 242 23 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 242 25 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 26 vaccine vaccine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 27 development development NN cord-350836-1enteev7 242 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 243 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 243 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 243 3 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 243 4 burgeoning burgeon VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 243 5 interest interest NN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 6 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 7 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 243 8 regard regard NN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 243 10 especially especially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 243 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 12 populations population NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 243 13 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 243 14 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 243 15 typically typically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 243 16 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 243 17 challenging challenging JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 243 18 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 243 19 achieve achieve VB cord-350836-1enteev7 243 20 successful successful JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 243 21 preventative preventative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 243 22 vaccination vaccination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 243 24 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 243 25 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 26 elderly elderly JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 243 27 populations population NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 243 28 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 29 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 243 30 vaccination vaccination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 243 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 243 32 213 213 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 243 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 243 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 244 1 Elderly elderly JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 244 2 populations population NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 244 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 244 4 general general JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 244 5 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 244 6 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 244 7 develop develop VB cord-350836-1enteev7 244 8 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 244 9 strong strong JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 244 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 244 11 memory memory NN cord-350836-1enteev7 244 12 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 244 13 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 244 14 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 244 15 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 244 16 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 244 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 244 18 younger young JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 244 19 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 244 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 21 214 214 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 244 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 24 215 215 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 244 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 27 216 216 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 244 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 30 217 217 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 244 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 244 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 244 33 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 244 34 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 244 35 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 245 1 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 245 2 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 245 3 decreased decrease VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 245 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 246 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 246 2 mediated mediate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 246 3 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 246 4 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 246 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 246 6 218 218 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 246 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 246 8 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 247 1 Correspondingly correspondingly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 247 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 247 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 247 4 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 6 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 247 7 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 8 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 247 10 decrease decrease VB cord-350836-1enteev7 247 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 12 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 13 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 14 older old JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 247 15 populations population NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 247 16 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 247 18 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 19 season season NN cord-350836-1enteev7 247 20 progresses progress VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 247 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 247 22 219 219 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 247 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 247 24 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 248 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 248 2 DI di NN cord-350836-1enteev7 248 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 248 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 248 5 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 248 6 strongly strongly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 248 7 activates activate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 8 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 9 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 10 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 248 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 248 12 increases increase VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 248 14 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 15 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 16 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 248 17 could could MD cord-350836-1enteev7 248 18 therefore therefore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 248 19 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 248 20 boost boost VB cord-350836-1enteev7 248 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 248 22 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 23 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 248 24 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 248 25 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 248 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 248 27 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 248 28 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 248 29 populations population NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 248 30 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 249 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 249 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 249 3 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 249 4 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 249 5 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 249 6 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 249 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 249 8 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 249 9 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 249 10 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 249 11 contributor contributor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 249 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 249 13 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 249 14 persistence persistence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 249 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 249 16 200 200 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 249 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 249 18 220 220 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 249 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 249 20 221 221 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 249 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 249 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 250 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 250 2 raises raise VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 250 4 question question NN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 6 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 7 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 250 8 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 9 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 10 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 250 11 alternate alternate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 250 12 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 13 producing produce VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 250 14 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 250 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 16 virions virion NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 250 17 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 250 18 eventually eventually RB cord-350836-1enteev7 250 19 activates activate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 250 21 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 22 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 23 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 250 25 producing produce VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 250 26 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 250 27 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 250 28 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 250 29 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 250 30 requires require VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 31 less less JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 250 32 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 33 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 34 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 250 35 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 250 36 initiate initiate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 250 37 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 250 38 even even RB cord-350836-1enteev7 250 39 stronger strong JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 250 40 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 41 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 250 42 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 250 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 250 44 222 222 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 250 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 250 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 250 47 223 223 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 250 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 250 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 250 50 224 224 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 250 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 250 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 251 1 Taken take VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 2 altogether altogether RB cord-350836-1enteev7 251 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 251 4 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 251 5 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 251 6 provide provide VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 251 7 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 251 8 another another DT cord-350836-1enteev7 251 9 layer layer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 11 distinction distinction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 12 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 251 15 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 251 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 251 17 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 251 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 19 terms term NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 251 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 21 how how WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 251 22 each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 251 23 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 251 24 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 251 25 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 251 26 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 27 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 251 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 252 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 252 2 preference preference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 3 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 4 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 6 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 252 10 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 252 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 13 allow allow VB cord-350836-1enteev7 252 14 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 252 17 distinguish distinguish VB cord-350836-1enteev7 252 18 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 19 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 252 22 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 24 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 25 most most JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 26 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 28 225 225 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 252 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 252 31 although although IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 252 33 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 34 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 36 distinction distinction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 37 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 38 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 252 39 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 252 40 clear clear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 41 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 42 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 43 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 44 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 45 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 46 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 252 47 I. I. NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 48 Studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 49 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 50 clinical clinical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 51 cases case NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 52 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 53 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 54 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 55 provide provide VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 56 contradictory contradictory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 57 models model NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 58 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 252 59 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 60 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 61 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 62 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 63 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 64 Aicardi Aicardi NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 65 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 252 66 Goutières Goutières NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 67 syndrome syndrome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 69 AGS AGS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 71 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 252 72 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 252 73 avidity avidity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 74 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 75 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 76 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 78 226 226 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 252 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 80 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 81 Alu Alu NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 82 retroelements retroelement NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 83 found find VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 252 84 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 252 85 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 252 86 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 252 87 enriched enrich VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 88 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 89 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 90 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 252 91 AGS AGS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 92 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 252 93 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 252 94 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 95 227 227 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 252 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 252 97 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 253 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 253 2 modification modification NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 4 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 5 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 6 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 7 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 253 8 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 253 9 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 253 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 253 11 primary primary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 253 12 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 14 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 253 15 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 17 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 253 19 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 20 knockout knockout NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 22 adenosine adenosine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 23 deaminase deaminase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 253 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 253 25 ADAR1 ADAR1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 253 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 253 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 253 28 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 253 29 weakens weaken VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 253 30 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 31 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 253 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 253 33 allows allow VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 253 34 wild wild JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 253 35 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 253 36 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 37 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 253 38 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 253 39 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 253 40 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 41 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 253 42 Alu Alu NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 253 43 retroelements retroelement NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 253 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 253 45 227 227 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 253 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 253 47 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 254 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 254 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 254 3 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 254 4 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 254 5 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 254 6 decrease decrease VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 254 7 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 254 8 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 254 9 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 254 10 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 254 11 ligands ligand NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 254 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 254 13 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 254 14 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 254 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 254 16 yet yet CC cord-350836-1enteev7 254 17 still still RB cord-350836-1enteev7 254 18 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 254 19 increased increase VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 254 20 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 254 21 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 254 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 254 23 228 228 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 254 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 254 25 229 229 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 254 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 254 27 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 255 1 For for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 255 4 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 255 6 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 255 7 highly highly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 255 8 conserved conserved JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 255 9 residue residue NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 255 12 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 255 14 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 16 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 17 pocket pocket NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 255 19 H830 H830 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 255 21 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 255 22 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 23 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 24 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 25 sterically sterically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 255 26 exclude exclude VB cord-350836-1enteev7 255 27 canonical canonical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 255 28 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 255 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 31 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 255 33 means mean NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 255 34 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 255 36 N N NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 37 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 255 38 -2 -2 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 39 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 255 40 O o NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 41 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 255 42 methyl methyl NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 43 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 44 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 255 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 46 motif motif NN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 47 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 255 48 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 255 49 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 50 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 255 51 Cap1 Cap1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 52 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 255 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 255 54 61 61 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 255 55 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 255 56 230 230 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 255 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 255 58 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 256 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 256 2 results result VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 256 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 256 5 low low JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 256 6 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 256 7 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 256 11 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 256 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 256 14 Cap1 Cap1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 256 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 256 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 256 17 decreased decrease VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 256 18 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 256 19 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 20 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 21 compared compare VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 22 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 23 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 256 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 256 25 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 256 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 256 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 256 28 61 61 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 256 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 256 30 231 231 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 256 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 256 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 257 1 Flaviviruses flavivirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 257 2 take take VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 257 3 advantage advantage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 257 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 257 5 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 257 6 precise precise JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 257 7 discrimination discrimination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 257 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 257 9 encoding encode VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 257 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 257 11 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 257 12 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 257 13 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 257 14 -O -O NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 257 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 257 16 methyltransferase methyltransferase JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 257 17 capable capable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 257 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 257 19 N n CD cord-350836-1enteev7 257 20 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 257 21 -2 -2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 258 1 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 259 1 O o UH cord-350836-1enteev7 259 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 259 3 methylating methylate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 259 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 259 5 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 259 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 259 7 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 259 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 259 9 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 259 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 259 11 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 259 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 259 13 evade evade VB cord-350836-1enteev7 259 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 259 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 259 16 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 259 17 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 259 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 259 19 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 259 20 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 259 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 259 22 230 230 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 259 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 259 24 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 260 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 260 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 260 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 260 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 260 5 E373A E373A NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 260 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 260 7 C268F C268F NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 260 8 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 260 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 260 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 260 11 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 2 protein protein VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 4 patients patient NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 261 5 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 6 auto auto NN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 261 8 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 261 9 disorder disorder NN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 10 Singleton Singleton NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 261 12 Merten Merten NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 13 syndrome syndrome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 14 confer confer VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 261 16 ability ability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 18 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 261 19 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 20 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 261 21 recognize recognize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 261 22 Cap1 Cap1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 261 25 become become VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 26 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 27 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 261 28 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 261 29 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 261 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 261 31 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 261 32 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 261 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 261 34 respectively respectively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 261 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 261 36 232 232 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 261 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 261 38 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 262 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 262 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 262 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 262 4 E373Q E373Q NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 262 5 mutation mutation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 262 9 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 262 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 262 11 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 262 12 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 262 13 designed design VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 14 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 262 15 constitutively constitutively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 262 16 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 262 17 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 262 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 262 19 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 262 20 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 21 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 262 22 increase increase VB cord-350836-1enteev7 262 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 262 24 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 26 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 27 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 262 28 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 262 29 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 262 30 ribosomal ribosomal NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 262 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 262 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 262 33 233 233 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 262 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 262 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 263 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 3 noteworthy noteworthy JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 4 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 5 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 7 contains contain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 8 additional additional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 9 internal internal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 11 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 263 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 263 13 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 14 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 15 Watson Watson NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 263 17 Crick Crick NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 18 base base NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 19 pairing pairing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 20 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 263 21 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 22 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 263 23 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 263 26 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 27 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 28 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 263 30 sensing sense VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 263 31 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 263 33 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 263 34 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 35 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 263 36 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 37 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 263 38 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 263 39 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 41 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 263 42 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 43 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 44 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 46 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 49 234 234 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 51 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 263 52 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 263 53 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 54 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 55 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 56 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 57 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 58 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 59 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 60 triphosphorylated triphosphorylate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 61 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 62 containing contain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 263 63 pseudouridine pseudouridine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 64 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 263 65 2-thiouridine 2-thiouridine CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 66 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 263 67 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 68 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 69 -O -o RB cord-350836-1enteev7 263 70 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 263 71 methylated methylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 72 uridine uridine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 73 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 74 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 263 75 decreased decrease VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 76 ability ability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 77 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 263 78 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 263 79 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 80 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 263 81 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 83 67 67 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 85 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 263 86 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 263 87 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 263 88 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 89 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 90 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 263 91 occur occur VB cord-350836-1enteev7 263 92 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 93 preventing prevent VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 263 94 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 95 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 263 96 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 263 97 filament filament NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 98 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 99 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 100 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 263 101 situ situ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 263 102 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 103 142 142 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 263 104 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 263 105 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 264 1 N-6-methyladenosine N-6-methyladenosine NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 265 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 265 2 m6A m6a NN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 265 4 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 265 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 265 6 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 265 7 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 265 8 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 265 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 265 10 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 11 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 265 12 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 265 13 among among IN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 14 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 265 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 265 16 235 235 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 265 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 265 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 265 19 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 265 20 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 265 21 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 22 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 265 24 ablate ablate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 265 25 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 26 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 265 27 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 28 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 29 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 265 30 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 265 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 265 32 236 236 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 265 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 265 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 266 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 266 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 266 3 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 6 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 266 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 266 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 266 9 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 10 hybrid hybrid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 11 constructs construct NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 266 12 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 13 ribonucleotides ribonucleotide NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 266 14 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 15 positions position NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 266 16 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 266 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 266 18 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 266 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 266 21 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 22 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 23 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 266 24 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 266 25 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 26 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 27 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 266 28 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 266 29 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 266 30 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 266 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 266 32 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 266 33 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 266 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 266 35 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 266 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 266 37 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 267 1 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 267 2 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 3 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 4 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 5 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 6 full full JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 7 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 267 11 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 267 13 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 15 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 267 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 267 17 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 267 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 267 19 237 237 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 267 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 267 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 267 22 so so CC cord-350836-1enteev7 267 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 267 24 minimum minimum JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 25 requirement requirement NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 26 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 27 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 267 28 motif motif NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 29 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 267 30 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 32 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 267 34 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 35 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 267 36 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 37 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 38 significant significant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 39 implications implication NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 267 40 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 41 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 267 42 distinction distinction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 43 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 44 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 267 45 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 267 46 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 47 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 48 self self JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 267 49 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 267 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 268 1 Expanding expand VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 268 2 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 3 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 268 4 observation observation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 268 6 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 268 7 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 8 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 9 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 268 10 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 268 11 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 268 12 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 268 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 268 14 potentiate potentiate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 268 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 16 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 268 17 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 268 19 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 268 21 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 22 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 23 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 24 mutant mutant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 268 25 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 268 26 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 27 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 268 28 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 268 29 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 268 30 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 31 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 268 32 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 33 even even RB cord-350836-1enteev7 268 34 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 268 36 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 37 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 38 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 268 39 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 268 40 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 268 41 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 42 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 268 43 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 268 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 268 45 238 238 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 268 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 268 47 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 269 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 269 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 269 3 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 269 4 model model NN cord-350836-1enteev7 269 5 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 269 6 further far RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 269 7 complicated complicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 269 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 269 9 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 269 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 269 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 269 12 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 269 13 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 269 14 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 269 15 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 269 16 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 269 17 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 269 18 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 269 19 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 269 20 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 269 21 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 269 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 269 23 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 269 24 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 269 25 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 269 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 269 27 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 269 28 do do VB cord-350836-1enteev7 269 29 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 269 30 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 269 31 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 269 32 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 269 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 269 34 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 269 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 269 36 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 270 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 270 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 270 3 currently currently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 270 4 undetermined undetermined JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 270 5 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 270 6 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 270 7 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 270 8 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 270 9 sterically sterically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 270 10 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 270 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 270 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 270 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 270 14 due due IN cord-350836-1enteev7 270 15 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 270 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 270 17 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 270 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 270 19 mostly mostly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 270 20 dNTPs dntps CD cord-350836-1enteev7 270 21 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 270 22 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 270 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 270 24 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 270 25 RIG- rig- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 271 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 271 2 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 271 3 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 271 4 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 271 5 undescribed undescribed JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 271 6 way way NN cord-350836-1enteev7 271 7 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 272 1 Recent recent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 2 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 3 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 272 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 272 7 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 272 8 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 272 9 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 10 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 12 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 272 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 272 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 272 16 help help VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 272 17 illustrate illustrate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 272 18 how how WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 272 19 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 272 20 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 21 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 22 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 23 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 25 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 272 27 distinction distinction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 28 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 29 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 272 31 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 272 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 272 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 272 34 foreign foreign JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 272 36 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 37 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 38 self self JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 272 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 272 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 272 41 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 273 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 273 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 273 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 273 4 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 273 5 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 273 6 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 273 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 273 8 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 273 9 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 273 10 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 273 11 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 273 12 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 273 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 273 14 144 144 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 273 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 273 16 176 176 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 273 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 273 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 274 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 274 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 274 4 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 274 5 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 274 7 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 274 10 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 12 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 274 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 274 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 274 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 17 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 274 18 helical helical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 274 19 arm arm NN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 20 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 274 21 blocks block VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 274 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 274 23 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 274 24 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 274 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 274 26 239 239 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 274 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 274 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 275 1 Upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 2 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 3 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 4 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 275 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 275 6 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 275 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 275 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 275 10 helical helical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 275 11 arm arm NN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 12 shifts shift NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 275 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 275 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 275 15 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 275 16 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 17 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 275 18 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 275 19 brought bring VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 20 together together RB cord-350836-1enteev7 275 21 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 275 22 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 275 23 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 275 24 active active JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 275 25 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 275 26 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 275 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 275 28 239 239 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 275 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 275 30 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 276 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 276 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 276 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 276 4 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 276 5 catalyzes catalyze VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 276 6 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 276 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 276 8 break break VB cord-350836-1enteev7 276 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 276 10 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 276 11 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 276 12 ppp ppp NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 276 13 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 276 14 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 276 15 within within IN cord-350836-1enteev7 276 16 seconds second NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 276 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 277 1 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 277 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 277 3 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 277 4 rapidly rapidly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 277 5 hydrolyzed hydrolyze VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 277 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 277 7 facilitate facilitate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 277 8 translocation translocation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 277 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 277 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 278 1 -I -I : cord-350836-1enteev7 278 2 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 278 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 278 4 opposite opposite JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 278 5 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 278 6 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 278 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 278 8 after after IN cord-350836-1enteev7 278 9 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 278 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 278 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 278 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 278 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 278 14 oligomers oligomer NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 278 15 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 278 16 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 278 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 278 18 144 144 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 278 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 278 20 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 279 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 279 3 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 279 4 hand hand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 279 6 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 279 7 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 8 drives drive VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 279 9 rapid rapid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 279 10 disassociation disassociation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 279 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 279 15 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 16 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 279 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 279 18 features feature NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 279 19 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 280 1 These these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 280 2 features feature NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 280 3 include include VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 280 4 dsRNA dsRNA VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 280 5 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 6 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 280 7 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 8 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 9 monophosphate monophosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 10 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 12 174 174 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 280 14 175 175 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 16 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 280 17 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 280 18 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 20 mRNA mrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 21 after after IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 22 decapping decapping NN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 23 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 280 25 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 280 26 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 27 process process NN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 29 177 177 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 31 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 280 32 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 33 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 34 overhang overhang NN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 280 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 37 144 144 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 38 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 280 39 170 170 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 41 found find VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 42 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 43 miRNA miRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 280 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 45 240 240 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 47 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 280 48 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 280 49 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 50 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 280 51 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 280 52 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 280 53 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 280 54 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 280 55 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 56 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 57 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 58 OH OH NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 280 59 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 280 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 61 144 144 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 62 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 280 63 176 176 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 65 found find VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 66 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 280 67 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 280 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 69 241 241 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 280 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 280 71 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 281 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 281 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 281 3 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 281 4 impaired impaired JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 281 5 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 281 6 functionality functionality NN cord-350836-1enteev7 281 7 increases increase VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 281 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 281 9 promiscuity promiscuity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 281 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 281 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 281 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 281 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 281 14 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 281 15 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 281 16 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 281 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 281 18 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 281 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 281 20 144 144 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 281 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 281 22 176 176 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 281 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 281 24 242 242 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 281 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 281 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 282 1 Similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 282 2 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 282 3 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 282 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 282 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 282 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 282 7 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 282 8 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 282 9 filamentous filamentous JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 282 10 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 282 11 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 283 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 283 2 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 283 3 terminus terminus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 283 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 7 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 283 9 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 283 10 organized organize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 11 helical helical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 12 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 283 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 14 138 138 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 283 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 283 17 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 283 18 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 19 drives drives NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 283 20 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 283 22 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 283 24 disassociation disassociation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 25 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 26 foreign foreign JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 27 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 283 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 29 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 30 little little JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 31 coordination coordination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 32 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 283 33 observed observe VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 34 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 35 neighboring neighbor VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 283 36 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 37 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 283 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 39 137 137 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 283 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 42 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 43 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 283 44 manner manner NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 45 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 283 46 involves involve VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 47 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 283 48 twisting twist VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 283 49 along along IN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 50 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 51 flexible flexible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 52 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 283 53 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 283 54 interface interface NN cord-350836-1enteev7 283 55 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 283 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 57 243 243 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 283 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 283 59 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 284 1 Taken take VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 2 together together RB cord-350836-1enteev7 284 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 284 4 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 284 5 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 6 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 284 7 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 284 8 directed direct VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 9 toward toward IN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 10 rapid rapid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 284 11 disassociation disassociation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 12 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 13 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 14 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 284 16 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 284 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 284 20 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 21 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 284 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 284 23 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 284 24 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 284 25 act act VB cord-350836-1enteev7 284 26 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 284 28 translocation translocation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 29 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 30 upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 31 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 32 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 33 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 284 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 284 35 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 284 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 284 37 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 285 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 285 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 285 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 285 4 possible possible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 285 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 285 6 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 285 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 285 8 hybrid hybrid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 285 9 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 285 10 could could MD cord-350836-1enteev7 285 11 inactivate inactivate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 285 12 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 286 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 286 2 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 286 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 286 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 286 5 ability ability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 286 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 286 7 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 286 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 286 9 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 286 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 286 11 terminus terminus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 286 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 286 13 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 286 14 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 286 15 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 286 16 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 287 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 287 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 287 3 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 4 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 287 6 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 7 example example NN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 287 9 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 287 11 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 287 12 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 13 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 287 14 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 287 15 one one CD cord-350836-1enteev7 287 16 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 17 consists consist VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 287 18 mostly mostly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 287 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 20 DNA DNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 287 21 except except IN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 22 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 23 positions position NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 287 24 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 287 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 287 26 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 287 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 287 28 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 287 29 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 287 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 287 31 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 287 32 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 33 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 287 34 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 287 35 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 287 36 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 287 37 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 287 38 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 287 39 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 287 40 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 287 41 does do VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 287 42 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 287 43 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 287 44 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 287 45 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 287 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 287 47 75 75 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 287 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 287 49 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 288 1 Future future JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 288 2 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 288 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 288 4 needed need VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 288 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 288 6 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 288 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 288 8 determine determine VB cord-350836-1enteev7 288 9 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 288 10 differential differential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 288 11 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 288 12 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 288 13 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 289 1 Contrary contrary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 289 2 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 289 4 traditional traditional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 289 5 paradigm paradigm NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 289 7 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 289 8 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 289 9 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 289 10 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 289 12 suggest suggest VB cord-350836-1enteev7 289 13 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 289 16 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 289 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 289 18 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 289 19 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 289 20 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 21 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 289 22 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 289 24 motifs motif NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 289 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 289 26 resulting result VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 289 27 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 28 auto auto NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 289 30 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 31 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 289 32 auto auto NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 289 34 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 289 37 IRF IRF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 289 38 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 289 40 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 289 41 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 289 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 289 43 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 290 1 One one CD cord-350836-1enteev7 290 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 290 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 290 4 most most RBS cord-350836-1enteev7 290 5 strongly strongly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 290 6 supported support VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 290 7 models model NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 290 8 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 290 9 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 290 10 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 290 11 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 290 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 290 13 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 290 14 circular circular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 290 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 290 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 290 17 circRNA circRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 290 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 290 19 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 291 1 Originally originally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 291 2 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 291 5 variety variety NN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 8 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 291 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 291 10 circRNAs circrna VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 12 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 291 13 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 291 14 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 291 15 first first RB cord-350836-1enteev7 291 16 thought think VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 17 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 291 18 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 291 19 byproducts byproduct NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 291 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 291 22 pre pre JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 291 23 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 291 24 mRNA mrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 291 25 splicing splicing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 26 process process NN cord-350836-1enteev7 291 27 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 292 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 292 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 292 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 292 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 292 5 later later RB cord-350836-1enteev7 292 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 7 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 292 9 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 292 10 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 292 13 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 292 14 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 292 15 canonical canonical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 292 16 " " `` cord-350836-1enteev7 292 17 backsplicing backsplicing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 18 " " '' cord-350836-1enteev7 292 19 process process NN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 292 21 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 292 22 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 292 23 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 292 24 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 25 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 292 26 suggest suggest VB cord-350836-1enteev7 292 27 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 292 29 play play VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 292 30 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 292 31 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 292 32 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 292 33 roles role NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 292 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 292 35 244 244 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 292 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 292 37 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 292 38 suggesting suggest VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 292 39 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 40 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 292 41 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 292 42 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 292 43 specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 292 44 evolved evolve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 45 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 46 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 292 47 purpose purpose NN cord-350836-1enteev7 292 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 293 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 293 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 293 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 293 4 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 293 5 first first RB cord-350836-1enteev7 293 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 293 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 293 8 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 293 9 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 293 10 circRNA circRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 293 11 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 293 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 293 13 situ situ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 293 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 293 15 245 245 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 293 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 293 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 294 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 294 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 294 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 294 4 minimum minimum JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 294 5 component component NN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 6 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 7 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 294 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 294 11 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 12 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 294 13 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 294 14 intron intron NN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 16 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 294 17 origin origin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 18 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 294 19 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 294 20 spliced splice VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 21 out out RP cord-350836-1enteev7 294 22 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 294 24 circularization circularization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 25 process process NN cord-350836-1enteev7 294 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 295 1 As as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 2 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 3 introns intron NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 295 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 295 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 295 8 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 295 9 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 10 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 11 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 295 13 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 295 14 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 295 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 295 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 295 17 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 18 speculated speculate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 19 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 20 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 295 21 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 295 22 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 295 23 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 295 24 prevented prevent VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 25 circularization circularization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 26 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 27 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 295 28 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 29 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 30 circRNA circrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 31 used use VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 32 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 33 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 295 34 study study NN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 295 36 245 245 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 295 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 295 38 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 295 39 that that DT cord-350836-1enteev7 295 40 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 41 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 42 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 295 43 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 295 44 normally normally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 295 45 prevent prevent VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 295 46 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 47 circRNAs circrna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 295 48 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 49 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 295 50 detected detect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 51 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 52 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 295 53 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 54 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 295 55 system system NN cord-350836-1enteev7 295 56 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 296 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 296 3 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 4 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 5 infections infection NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 296 6 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 296 7 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 8 expose expose VB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 9 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 10 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 11 circRNAs circrna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 296 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 13 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 14 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 296 16 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 17 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 18 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 19 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 20 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 21 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 296 22 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 24 case case NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 25 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 26 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 27 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 28 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 296 30 derived derive VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 31 circRNA circrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 296 33 lnc lnc NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 296 34 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 296 35 Lsm3b Lsm3b NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 296 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 296 37 that that DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 38 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 39 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 296 40 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 296 41 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 42 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 296 43 shows show VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 44 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 45 down down JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 46 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 296 47 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 48 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 49 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 50 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 51 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 296 52 host host VB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 53 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 296 54 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 55 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 56 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 57 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 296 58 therefore therefore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 59 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 60 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 296 61 compete compete VB cord-350836-1enteev7 296 62 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 63 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 296 64 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 65 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 66 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 67 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 68 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 69 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 296 70 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 71 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 296 72 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 296 73 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 296 74 feedback feedback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 75 loop loop NN cord-350836-1enteev7 296 76 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 296 77 198 198 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 296 78 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 296 79 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 297 1 Similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 297 2 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 297 3 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 297 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 297 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 297 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 297 7 noted note VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 297 8 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 297 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 297 10 products product NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 297 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 297 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 297 13 exonuclease exonuclease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 297 14 SKIV2L skiv2l NN cord-350836-1enteev7 297 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 297 16 246 246 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 297 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 297 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 298 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 298 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 298 3 recent recent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 298 4 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 298 5 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 298 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 7 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 8 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 9 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 10 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 298 12 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 298 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 298 14 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 15 increases increase VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 298 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 298 17 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 19 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 298 20 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 298 21 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 298 22 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 298 23 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 298 24 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 298 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 298 26 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 298 27 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 298 28 function function VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 298 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 299 1 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 299 2 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 299 3 increased increase VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 299 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 299 5 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 299 6 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 299 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 299 8 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 299 9 selenoprotein selenoprotein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 299 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 300 1 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 300 2 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 300 3 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 300 4 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 300 5 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 300 6 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 300 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 300 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 300 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 300 10 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 300 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 300 12 hairpin hairpin JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 300 13 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 300 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 300 15 inactivated inactivate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 300 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 300 17 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 300 18 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 300 19 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 300 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 300 21 247 247 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 300 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 300 23 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 301 1 Infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 2 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 3 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 301 5 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 6 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 7 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 301 9 VSV VSV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 301 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 301 12 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 301 13 Sendai Sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 14 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 301 16 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 301 17 direct direct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 18 exposure exposure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 20 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 301 21 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 301 22 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 23 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 301 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 301 25 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 301 26 interferons interferon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 301 27 increases increase VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 28 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 301 31 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 32 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 33 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 34 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 35 coding coding JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 36 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 301 38 lncRNA lncRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 301 40 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 301 41 namely namely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 301 42 lncATV lncATV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 43 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 301 44 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 301 45 similarly similarly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 301 46 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 301 47 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 48 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 301 49 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 50 function function VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 51 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 52 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 301 53 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 301 54 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 55 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 301 56 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 57 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 58 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 301 59 promote promote VB cord-350836-1enteev7 301 60 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 61 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 301 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 301 63 248 248 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 301 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 301 65 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 302 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 2 addition addition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 3 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 302 5 greatly greatly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 302 6 increased increase VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 7 implications implication NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 302 11 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 302 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 302 13 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 14 modulation modulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 302 16 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 302 17 findings finding NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 18 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 302 19 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 302 20 significant significant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 21 implications implication NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 23 characterizing characterize VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 302 24 new new JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 25 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 26 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 27 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 302 29 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 30 increased increase VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 31 serum serum NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 32 selenoprotein selenoprotein JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 33 level level NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 34 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 35 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 36 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 37 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 302 38 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 302 39 associate associate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 302 40 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 41 treatment treatment NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 42 failure failure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 44 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 45 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 46 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 302 47 drugs drug NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 48 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 49 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 302 50 patients patient NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 51 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 302 52 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 302 53 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 302 54 possibly possibly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 302 55 explain explain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 302 56 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 302 57 increased increase VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 58 prevalence prevalence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 59 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 60 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 61 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 302 62 diabetes diabete NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 63 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 302 64 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 302 65 patients patient NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 302 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 302 67 247 247 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 302 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 302 69 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 303 1 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 303 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 303 3 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 303 4 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 303 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 303 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 303 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 303 8 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 303 9 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 303 10 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 303 11 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 303 12 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 303 13 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 303 14 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 304 1 Vault Vault NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 304 2 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 304 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 304 4 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 304 5 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 304 6 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 7 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 8 four four CD cord-350836-1enteev7 304 9 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 304 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 304 11 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 304 12 normally normally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 304 13 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 15 large large JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 304 16 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 17 complexes complex NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 304 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 19 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 304 20 " " `` cord-350836-1enteev7 304 21 vaults vault NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 304 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 304 23 " " '' cord-350836-1enteev7 304 24 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 304 25 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 304 26 enriched enrich VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 27 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 28 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 304 29 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 304 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 305 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 305 2 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 305 3 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 305 4 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 305 5 KSHV KSHV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 305 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 305 7 29 29 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 305 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 305 9 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 306 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 2 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 306 3 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 306 4 due due JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 306 5 partly partly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 306 6 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 7 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 306 8 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 306 10 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 11 reduction reduction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 14 level level NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 16 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 306 17 triphosphatase triphosphatase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 18 DUSP11 dusp11 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 306 20 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 21 dephosphorylates dephosphorylate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 306 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 23 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 306 24 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 306 25 ppp ppp NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 26 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 27 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 29 vault vault NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 30 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 306 31 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 306 32 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 33 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 306 34 could could MD cord-350836-1enteev7 306 35 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 306 36 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 306 37 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 306 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 306 39 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 40 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 41 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 42 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 43 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 306 44 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 306 46 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 47 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 48 addition addition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 49 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 50 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 306 51 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 306 52 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 306 53 ppp ppp NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 54 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 306 55 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 307 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 307 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 307 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 307 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 307 6 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 307 7 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 307 8 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 9 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 307 11 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 307 12 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 307 15 microparticles microparticle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 307 16 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 17 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 18 situ situ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 307 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 20 rolling roll VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 307 21 circle circle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 22 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 307 24 generating generate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 307 25 tandem tandem NN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 26 repeat repeat NN cord-350836-1enteev7 307 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 307 28 strands strand NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 307 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 307 30 249 249 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 307 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 307 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 308 1 Retrotransposons retrotransposon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 308 2 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 308 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 308 4 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 308 5 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 308 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 308 7 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 308 8 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 308 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 308 11 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 308 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 308 13 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 308 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 308 15 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 16 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 308 17 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 308 18 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 308 19 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 20 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 21 LINE1 LINE1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 308 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 308 23 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 308 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 25 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 26 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 27 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 308 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 308 29 retrotransposition retrotransposition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 308 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 308 31 250 250 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 308 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 308 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 309 1 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 309 2 infections infection NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 309 3 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 309 4 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 309 5 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 309 6 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 309 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 309 8 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 309 9 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 309 10 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 310 1 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 2 Simplex Simplex NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 4 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 310 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 310 6 HSV1 HSV1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 310 8 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 310 10 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 11 example example NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 310 13 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 310 14 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 15 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 310 17 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 310 18 translocation translocation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 310 21 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 22 pseudogene pseudogene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 23 RNA5SP141 RNA5SP141 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 24 ribosomal ribosomal NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 26 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 310 28 cytosol cytosol NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 29 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 310 30 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 310 31 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 32 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 310 34 I. I. NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 35 Knockdown Knockdown NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 36 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 37 RNA5SP141 RNA5SP141 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 38 decreased decrease VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 310 39 cytokine cytokine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 40 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 310 41 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 42 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 43 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 44 HSV HSV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 45 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 310 46 EBV EBV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 47 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 310 48 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 310 49 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 50 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 51 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 310 52 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 310 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 310 54 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 310 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 310 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 310 57 251 251 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 310 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 310 59 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 311 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 311 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 311 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 311 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 311 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 7 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 311 9 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 311 10 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 12 hairpin hairpin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 311 14 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 311 15 generated generate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 17 cleavage cleavage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 311 20 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 21 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 311 22 L L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 311 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 311 24 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 311 25 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 311 26 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 27 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 28 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 311 29 occur occur VB cord-350836-1enteev7 311 30 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 31 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 311 32 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 311 34 179 179 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 311 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 311 36 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 311 37 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 311 38 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 39 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 40 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 311 41 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 311 42 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 43 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 44 p53 p53 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 311 45 deficient deficient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 311 46 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 311 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 311 48 180 180 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 311 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 311 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 312 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 312 2 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 312 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 312 4 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 312 5 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 312 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 312 7 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 312 8 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 312 9 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 312 10 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 312 11 source source NN cord-350836-1enteev7 312 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 312 13 immunostimulatory immunostimulatory NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 312 14 host host NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 312 15 dsRNA dsRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 312 16 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 313 1 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 313 2 infections infection NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 313 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 313 4 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 313 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 313 6 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 313 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 313 8 cause cause VB cord-350836-1enteev7 313 9 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 313 10 damage damage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 313 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 313 12 252 252 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 313 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 313 14 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 314 1 Knockdown knockdown NN cord-350836-1enteev7 314 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 314 3 hepatocyte hepatocyte NN cord-350836-1enteev7 314 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 314 5 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 314 6 conditional conditional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 314 7 KO KO NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 314 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 314 9 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 314 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 314 11 degrading degrade VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 314 12 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 314 13 resulted result VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 314 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 314 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 314 16 increase increase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 314 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 314 18 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 314 19 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-350836-1enteev7 314 20 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 314 21 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 314 22 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 314 23 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 314 24 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 314 25 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 314 26 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 314 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 314 28 253 253 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 314 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 314 30 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 315 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 315 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 315 3 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 315 4 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 315 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 6 EV ev NN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 8 secreted secrete VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 9 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 10 apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 315 11 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 315 12 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 315 13 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 315 14 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 15 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 315 16 contain contain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 315 17 long long RB cord-350836-1enteev7 315 18 interspersed intersperse VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 19 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 315 20 element element NN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 22 LINE line NN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 315 25 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 315 26 interspersed intersperse VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 27 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 315 28 element element NN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 30 SINE SINE NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 315 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 32 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 315 33 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 315 34 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 315 35 products product NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 315 36 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 37 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 315 38 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 39 III III NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 315 40 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 315 41 were be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 315 42 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 315 43 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 315 44 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 315 45 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 46 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 315 47 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 315 48 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 315 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 50 254 254 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 315 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 315 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 316 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 316 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 316 3 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 316 4 findings finding NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 5 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 316 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 316 7 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 8 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 9 ways way NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 10 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 11 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 316 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 13 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 14 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 316 15 modulate modulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 316 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 316 18 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 316 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 316 20 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 316 21 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 22 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 316 23 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 316 24 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 316 26 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 27 implications implication NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 29 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 30 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 316 31 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 316 32 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 33 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 34 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 35 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 36 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 316 37 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 38 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 39 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 40 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 316 41 generalized generalized JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 42 immunotherapy immunotherapy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 43 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 316 44 though though IN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 45 much much JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 46 caution caution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 47 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 316 48 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 49 would would MD cord-350836-1enteev7 316 50 still still RB cord-350836-1enteev7 316 51 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 316 52 needed need VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 53 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 316 54 determine determine VB cord-350836-1enteev7 316 55 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 316 56 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 316 57 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 316 58 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 59 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 60 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 316 61 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 316 62 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 316 63 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 316 64 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 316 65 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 317 1 Given give VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 2 that that DT cord-350836-1enteev7 317 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 317 5 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 317 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 317 7 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 317 8 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 317 9 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 10 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 11 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 317 12 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 14 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 317 15 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 16 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 17 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 317 19 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 317 20 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 21 much much JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 22 interest interest NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 24 studying study VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 317 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 317 26 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 317 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 28 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 317 29 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 30 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 317 31 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 32 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 33 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 317 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 317 35 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 317 36 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 317 37 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 317 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 317 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 317 40 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 41 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 317 42 ability ability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 43 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 317 44 modulate modulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 317 45 interferon interferon JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 46 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 47 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 48 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 317 49 major major JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 50 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 51 driving drive VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 317 52 force force NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 53 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 54 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 317 55 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 317 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 317 57 255 255 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 317 58 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 317 59 256 256 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 317 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 317 61 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 318 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 318 2 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 318 3 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 318 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 318 5 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 318 6 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 318 7 evolved evolve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 318 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 318 9 evade evade VB cord-350836-1enteev7 318 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 318 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 318 12 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 318 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 318 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 318 15 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 318 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 318 17 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 318 18 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 318 19 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 318 20 discussed discuss VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 318 21 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 318 22 length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 318 23 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-350836-1enteev7 318 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 318 25 257 257 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 318 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 318 27 258 258 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 318 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 318 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 319 1 Such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 319 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 319 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 319 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 319 5 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 319 6 importance importance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 319 7 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 319 8 segmented segmented JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 319 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 319 10 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 319 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 319 12 providing provide VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 319 13 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 319 14 more more JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 319 15 dsRNAs dsRNAs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 319 16 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 319 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 319 18 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 319 19 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 319 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 319 21 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 319 22 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 319 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 319 24 259 259 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 319 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 319 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 320 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 320 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 320 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 320 4 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 320 5 orthomyxoviruses orthomyxovirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 320 6 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 320 7 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 320 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 9 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 320 11 replicate replicate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 320 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 320 14 nucleus nucleus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 320 17 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 320 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 320 19 260 260 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 320 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 320 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 320 22 preventing prevent VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 320 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 320 24 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 320 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 320 26 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 27 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 320 28 detected detect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 29 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 320 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 320 31 PRRs prr NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 320 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 321 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 321 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 321 3 recent recent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 4 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 5 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 6 seems seem VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 321 8 suggest suggest VB cord-350836-1enteev7 321 9 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 321 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 321 13 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 321 14 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 321 15 endogenously endogenously RB cord-350836-1enteev7 321 16 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 321 17 present present JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 321 20 nucleus nucleus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 321 22 performs perform VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 23 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 24 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 25 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 26 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 321 28 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 321 31 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 321 32 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 321 34 261 261 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 321 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 321 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 321 37 yet yet CC cord-350836-1enteev7 321 38 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 321 39 finding finding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 40 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 41 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 321 42 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 321 43 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 321 44 replicated replicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 45 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 321 46 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 321 47 laboratories laboratory NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 321 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 322 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 322 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 322 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 322 4 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 322 5 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 322 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 322 7 suggest suggest VB cord-350836-1enteev7 322 8 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 322 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 322 10 processing processing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 322 11 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 322 12 another another DT cord-350836-1enteev7 322 13 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 322 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 322 15 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 322 16 modulation modulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 322 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 323 1 Certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 323 2 bunyaviruses bunyavirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 323 3 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 323 4 cleave cleave VB cord-350836-1enteev7 323 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 323 6 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 323 7 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 323 8 tri tri JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 323 9 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 323 10 phosphate phosphate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 323 11 group group NN cord-350836-1enteev7 323 12 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 323 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 323 14 genomic genomic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 323 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 323 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 323 17 262 262 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 323 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 323 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 323 20 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 323 21 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 323 22 avoid avoid VB cord-350836-1enteev7 323 23 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 323 24 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 323 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 324 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 324 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 324 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 324 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 324 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 7 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 324 9 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 324 10 subjected subject VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 11 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 12 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 324 13 modulation modulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 14 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 15 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 324 16 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 17 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 324 18 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 324 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 324 20 263 263 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 324 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 324 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 325 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 325 3 contrary contrary NN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 325 5 nucleoproteins nucleoprotein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 325 6 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 325 8 Sendai Sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 9 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 11 264 264 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 325 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 13 regulate regulate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 325 15 number number NN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 17 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 18 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 325 19 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 325 20 produced produce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 325 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 325 23 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 24 nucleoproteins nucleoprotein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 325 25 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 325 26 regulate regulate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 325 28 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 30 abortive abortive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 325 31 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 34 208 208 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 325 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 325 37 mini mini JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 325 38 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 325 39 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 325 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 41 265 265 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 325 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 43 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 325 44 DVG DVG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 47 208 208 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 325 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 325 49 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 325 50 all all DT cord-350836-1enteev7 325 51 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 325 52 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 325 53 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 325 54 immunostimulatory immunostimulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 325 55 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 326 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 326 2 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 326 3 Forest Forest NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 326 4 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 326 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 326 6 SFV SFV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 326 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 326 8 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 326 9 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 326 10 even even RB cord-350836-1enteev7 326 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 326 12 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 326 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 326 14 convert convert VB cord-350836-1enteev7 326 15 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 326 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 326 17 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 326 18 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 326 19 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 327 1 -ppp -ppp : cord-350836-1enteev7 327 2 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 328 1 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 328 2 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 328 3 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 328 4 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 328 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 328 6 266 266 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 328 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 328 8 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 329 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 329 2 raises raise VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 329 3 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 329 4 intriguing intriguing JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 329 5 possibility possibility NN cord-350836-1enteev7 329 6 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 329 7 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 329 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 329 9 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 329 10 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 329 11 actually actually RB cord-350836-1enteev7 329 12 benefit benefit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 329 13 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 329 14 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 329 15 under under IN cord-350836-1enteev7 329 16 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 329 17 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 329 18 despite despite IN cord-350836-1enteev7 329 19 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 329 20 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 329 21 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 329 22 regulating regulate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 329 23 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 329 24 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 329 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 330 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 330 2 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 330 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 330 4 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 330 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 330 6 localization localization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 330 7 throughout throughout IN cord-350836-1enteev7 330 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 330 9 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 330 10 life life NN cord-350836-1enteev7 330 11 cycle cycle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 330 12 might may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 330 13 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 330 14 play play VB cord-350836-1enteev7 330 15 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 330 16 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 330 17 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 330 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 330 19 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 330 20 evasion evasion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 330 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 330 22 267 267 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 330 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 330 24 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 331 1 Control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 3 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 331 5 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 331 6 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 7 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 8 exoribonucleases exoribonuclease NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 331 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 10 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 11 illustrates illustrate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 331 13 complicated complicated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 14 balance balance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 15 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 16 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 17 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 331 19 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 20 evasion evasion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 21 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 22 optimal optimal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 23 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 24 propagation propagation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 331 26 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 27 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 28 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 29 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 331 30 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 331 31 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 331 32 case case NN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 33 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 34 arenaviral arenaviral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 331 35 nucleoproteins nucleoproteins NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 331 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 331 37 NPs NPs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 331 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 331 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 331 40 268 268 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 331 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 331 42 269 269 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 331 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 331 44 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 331 45 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 331 46 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 331 47 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 48 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 331 49 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 331 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 331 51 270 270 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 331 52 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 331 53 271 271 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 331 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 331 55 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 332 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 332 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 332 3 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 332 4 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 5 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 332 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 332 7 capability capability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 332 9 disrupt disrupt VB cord-350836-1enteev7 332 10 processes process NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 332 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 332 13 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 14 's 's POS cord-350836-1enteev7 332 15 basic basic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 332 16 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 332 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 332 18 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 332 19 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 20 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 332 22 translation translation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 332 24 thereby thereby RB cord-350836-1enteev7 332 25 affecting affect VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 332 26 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 332 27 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 332 29 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 332 30 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 332 32 complicated complicated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 332 33 ways way NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 332 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 332 35 258 258 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 332 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 332 37 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 333 1 One one CD cord-350836-1enteev7 333 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 333 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 333 4 most most RBS cord-350836-1enteev7 333 5 significant significant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 333 6 ways way NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 333 7 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 333 8 modulate modulate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 333 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 333 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 333 11 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 333 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 333 13 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 333 14 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 333 15 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 333 16 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 333 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 333 18 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 333 19 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 333 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 333 21 272 272 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 333 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 334 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 334 2 Figure figure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 334 3 6 6 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 334 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 334 5 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 335 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 335 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 335 3 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 335 4 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 335 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 335 6 RSV RSV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 335 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 335 8 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 335 9 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 335 10 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 335 11 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 335 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 335 13 NS2 NS2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 335 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 335 15 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 335 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 335 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 335 18 Z z NN cord-350836-1enteev7 335 19 matrix matrix NN cord-350836-1enteev7 335 20 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 335 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 335 22 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 335 23 arenaviruses arenavirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 335 24 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 335 25 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 335 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 335 27 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 336 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 336 2 CARD card VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 336 3 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 336 4 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 336 5 block block VB cord-350836-1enteev7 336 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 336 7 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 336 8 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 336 9 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 336 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 336 11 273 273 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 336 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 336 13 274 274 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 336 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 336 15 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 337 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 337 2 HSV1 HSV1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 337 3 deamidase deamidase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 338 1 UL37 UL37 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 338 2 specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 338 3 targets target VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 338 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 338 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 338 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 338 7 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 338 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 338 9 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 338 10 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 338 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 338 12 abrogating abrogate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 338 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 338 14 ability ability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 338 15 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 338 16 bind bind VB cord-350836-1enteev7 338 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 338 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 338 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 338 20 275 275 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 338 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 338 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 339 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 339 2 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 339 3 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 4 components component NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 339 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 339 6 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 339 7 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 339 8 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 339 11 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 339 13 276 276 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 339 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 339 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 339 16 though though IN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 339 18 biological biological JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 339 19 significance significance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 20 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 339 21 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 339 22 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 339 23 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 339 24 determined determine VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 25 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 26 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 339 27 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 339 28 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 339 29 significantly significantly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 339 30 affect affect VB cord-350836-1enteev7 339 31 IFN1 ifn1 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 339 32 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 339 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 340 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 340 3 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 340 4 hand hand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 340 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 340 7 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 8 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 340 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 340 10 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 340 11 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 340 12 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 340 13 bridge bridge NN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 14 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 340 16 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 340 20 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 340 21 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 22 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 340 23 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 340 24 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 340 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 340 26 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 340 28 nucleoproteins nucleoprotein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 340 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 340 30 NPs NPs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 340 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 340 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 340 33 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 340 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 340 35 276 276 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 340 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 340 37 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 340 38 arenaviruses arenaviruses NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 340 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 340 40 277 277 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 340 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 340 42 278 278 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 340 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 341 1 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 341 2 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 341 3 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 341 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 341 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 341 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 341 7 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 341 8 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 341 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 341 10 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 342 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 342 2 NS1 ns1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 342 3 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 342 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 342 5 rotaviruses rotaviruses NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 342 6 targets target VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 342 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 342 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 342 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 342 10 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 342 11 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 342 12 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 342 13 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 342 14 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 342 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 342 16 proteasomes proteasomes NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 342 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 342 18 279 279 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 342 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 342 20 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 343 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 343 2 V V NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 343 3 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 5 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 343 6 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 343 7 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 343 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 9 40 40 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 343 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 12 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 343 13 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 343 14 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 343 15 feature feature NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 343 18 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 343 19 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 20 pocket pocket NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 22 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 343 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 24 280 280 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 343 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 343 27 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 28 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 343 29 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 343 30 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 31 dephosphorylation dephosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 33 93 93 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 343 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 343 36 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 343 37 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 343 38 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 343 39 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 343 40 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 41 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 343 42 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 343 43 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 44 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 343 45 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 46 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 343 47 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 48 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 49 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 343 50 prevent prevent VB cord-350836-1enteev7 343 51 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 343 52 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 53 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 343 54 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 343 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 56 281 281 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 343 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 343 58 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 344 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 344 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 344 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 344 4 US11 US11 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 344 5 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 344 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 344 7 HSV1 HSV1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 344 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 344 9 282 282 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 344 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 344 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 344 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 344 13 arenaviral arenaviral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 344 14 Z Z NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 344 15 matrix matrix NN cord-350836-1enteev7 344 16 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 344 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 344 18 274 274 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 344 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 344 20 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 344 21 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 344 22 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 344 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 344 24 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 344 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 344 26 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 344 27 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 344 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 344 29 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 344 30 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 344 31 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 344 32 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 344 33 fashion fashion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 344 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 345 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 345 2 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 345 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 345 4 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 345 5 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 345 6 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 345 7 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 345 8 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 345 9 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 345 10 regulate regulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 345 11 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 345 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 345 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 345 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 345 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 345 16 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 345 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 345 18 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 345 19 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 345 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 345 21 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 345 22 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 345 23 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 345 24 discussed discuss VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 345 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 345 26 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 345 27 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-350836-1enteev7 345 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 345 29 44 44 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 345 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 345 31 53 53 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 345 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 345 33 59 59 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 345 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 345 35 96 96 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 345 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 345 37 257 257 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 345 38 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 345 39 283 283 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 345 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 345 41 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 346 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 346 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 346 3 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 346 4 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 346 5 consider consider VB cord-350836-1enteev7 346 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 346 7 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 346 8 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 346 9 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 346 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 346 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 346 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 346 13 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 346 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 346 15 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 346 16 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 346 17 considering consider VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 346 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 346 19 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 346 20 functionalities functionality NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 346 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 346 22 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 346 23 4 4 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 346 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 346 25 6 6 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 346 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 346 27 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 347 1 One one CD cord-350836-1enteev7 347 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 347 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 347 4 key key JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 347 5 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 347 6 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 347 7 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 347 8 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 347 9 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 347 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 347 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 347 12 post post JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 347 13 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 347 14 translation translation JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 347 15 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 347 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 347 17 96 96 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 347 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 347 19 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 348 1 Ubiquitination Ubiquitination NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 348 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 348 3 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 349 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 349 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 349 3 necessary necessary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 349 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 349 6 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 8 118 118 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 349 11 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 349 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 349 13 point point NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 15 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 349 16 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 17 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 18 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 19 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 349 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 21 117 117 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 349 23 284 284 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 349 25 285 285 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 349 28 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 349 29 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 349 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 31 281 281 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 349 33 286 286 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 349 35 287 287 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 37 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 349 38 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 39 mimics mimic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 349 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 41 288 288 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 43 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 349 44 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 349 45 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 46 positively positively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 349 47 regulated regulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 48 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 49 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 50 B b NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 51 NS1 ns1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 52 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 54 289 289 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 56 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 349 57 another another DT cord-350836-1enteev7 349 58 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 59 mimic mimic NN cord-350836-1enteev7 349 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 61 290 290 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 349 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 349 63 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 350 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 350 3 contrary contrary NN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 350 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 350 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 350 7 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 350 8 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 350 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 350 10 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 350 12 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 350 13 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 350 14 regulated regulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 16 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 350 18 291 291 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 350 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 350 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 350 21 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 22 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 350 23 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 25 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 350 26 ubiquitination ubiquitination IN cord-350836-1enteev7 350 27 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 350 28 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 350 29 controversial controversial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 350 30 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 351 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 351 3 deubiquitinase deubiquitinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 4 USP3 USP3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 351 5 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 351 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 351 7 as as RB cord-350836-1enteev7 351 8 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 351 9 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 351 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 351 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 351 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 351 15 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 351 16 thought think VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 17 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 18 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 351 19 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 351 20 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 351 21 due due JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 351 22 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 23 USP3 USP3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 351 24 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 351 25 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 351 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 351 27 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 351 28 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 29 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 351 31 prevent prevent VB cord-350836-1enteev7 351 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 351 33 filamentation filamentation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 351 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 351 35 284 284 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 351 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 351 37 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 352 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 352 2 raises raise VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 352 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 352 4 question question NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 6 how how WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 352 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 352 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 352 10 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 352 11 maintain maintain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 352 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 352 13 stability stability NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 14 outside outside IN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 352 17 proteasome proteasome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 352 19 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 20 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 21 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 22 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 352 23 lysine lysine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 24 residues residue NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 352 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 26 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 27 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 352 28 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 352 29 besides besides IN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 30 K172 K172 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 352 31 induces induce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 352 32 proteasomal proteasomal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 352 33 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 352 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 352 35 291 291 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 352 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 352 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 352 38 292 292 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 352 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 352 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 352 41 293 293 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 352 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 352 43 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 353 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 353 2 proteasomal proteasomal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 353 3 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 4 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 353 5 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 353 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 8 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 353 9 p62 p62 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 10 autophagic autophagic NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 11 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 12 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 13 associates associate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 353 14 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 15 LRRC25 lrrc25 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 16 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 353 17 ISG15 isg15 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 353 19 294 294 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 353 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 353 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 353 22 SQSTM1 SQSTM1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 353 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 353 24 295 295 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 353 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 353 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 353 27 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 353 28 mediates mediate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 353 29 mitophagy mitophagy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 353 31 downregulation downregulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 33 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 353 34 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 353 35 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 36 measles measle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 353 37 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 38 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 353 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 353 40 296 296 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 353 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 353 42 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 354 1 One one CD cord-350836-1enteev7 354 2 key key JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 3 observation observation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 354 7 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 8 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 354 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 354 11 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 354 13 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 14 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 15 cleaved cleave VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 16 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 17 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 18 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 354 20 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 354 21 cleavage cleavage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 22 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 23 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 354 26 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 27 proteinase proteinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 28 3C 3c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 29 pro pro NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 354 31 297 297 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 354 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 354 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 354 34 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 35 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 36 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 37 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 354 38 proteasome proteasome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 354 40 298 298 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 354 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 354 42 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 43 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 44 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 354 45 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 46 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 354 47 whereas whereas IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 48 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 49 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 50 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 51 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 52 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 354 53 caspases caspase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 354 54 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 354 55 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 354 56 proteasome proteasome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 57 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 354 58 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 354 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 354 60 299 299 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 354 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 354 62 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 355 1 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 355 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 355 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 355 4 cleaved cleave VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 5 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 6 caspases caspase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 355 7 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 8 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 355 10 4 4 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 355 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 355 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 355 13 though though IN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 355 15 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 355 16 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 355 17 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 18 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 19 whether whether IN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 20 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 355 21 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 355 22 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 23 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 24 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 355 25 's 's POS cord-350836-1enteev7 355 26 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 355 27 sites site NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 355 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 356 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 356 2 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 3 linkage linkage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 4 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 5 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 356 6 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 356 7 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 356 8 determinate determinate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 10 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 356 12 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 356 14 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 15 ligases ligase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 356 16 RNF122 RNF122 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 356 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 356 18 300 300 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 356 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 356 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 356 21 STUB1 STUB1 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 356 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 356 23 293 293 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 356 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 356 25 301 301 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 356 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 356 27 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 356 28 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 29 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 356 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 356 31 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 356 32 regulate regulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 356 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 357 2 catalyzed catalyze VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 357 3 K48linked K48linked NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 357 4 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 5 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 6 opposed oppose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 7 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 357 9 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 10 K63-linked K63-linked NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 357 11 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 12 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 357 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 357 14 K172 K172 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 357 15 , , . cord-350836-1enteev7 358 1 K849 k849 VB cord-350836-1enteev7 358 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 358 3 K851 K851 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 358 4 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 358 5 sites site NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 358 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 358 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 358 8 RNF125 RNF125 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 358 9 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 358 10 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 358 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 358 12 proposed propose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 358 13 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 358 14 K48 K48 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 358 15 ubiquitinate ubiquitinate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 358 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 358 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 358 18 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 358 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 358 20 291 291 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 358 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 359 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 359 2 though though IN cord-350836-1enteev7 359 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 359 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 359 5 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 359 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 359 7 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 359 8 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 359 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 360 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 360 2 59 59 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 360 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 360 4 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 361 1 TRIM40 TRIM40 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 361 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 361 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 361 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 361 5 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 361 6 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 361 7 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 361 8 regulate regulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 361 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 361 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 361 11 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 361 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 361 13 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 361 14 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 361 15 K27 K27 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 361 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 361 17 K48 K48 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 361 18 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 361 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 361 20 123 123 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 361 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 361 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 362 1 Substantiating substantiate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 362 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 362 3 possibility possibility NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 4 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 5 K63 K63 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 362 6 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 7 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 362 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 11 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 362 12 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 362 13 functionally functionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 362 14 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 362 15 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 362 17 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 362 18 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 19 sites site NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 362 20 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 21 protecting protect VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 362 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 23 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 24 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 25 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 362 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 362 27 finding finding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 28 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 362 30 NS1 ns1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 31 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 33 West West NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 34 Nile Nile NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 35 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 362 37 WNV WNV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 362 39 targets target VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 362 40 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 362 41 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 42 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 362 43 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 44 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 362 45 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 46 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 47 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 48 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 362 49 proteasomes proteasomes NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 362 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 363 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 363 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 363 3 NS1 ns1 LS cord-350836-1enteev7 363 4 inhibited inhibit VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 363 5 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 363 6 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 363 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 363 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 363 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 363 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 363 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 363 12 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 364 1 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 364 2 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 364 3 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 364 4 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 364 5 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 364 6 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 364 7 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 364 8 ubiquitinated ubiquitinate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 364 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 364 10 126 126 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 364 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 364 12 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 365 1 Heat heat NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 2 shock shock NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 3 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 4 90-alpha 90-alpha CD cord-350836-1enteev7 365 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 365 6 HSP90 HSP90 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 365 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 365 8 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 365 9 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 10 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 365 12 protect protect VB cord-350836-1enteev7 365 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 365 15 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 16 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 17 proteasomal proteasomal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 365 18 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 365 20 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 365 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 365 22 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 365 23 unknown unknown JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 365 24 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 365 25 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 26 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 27 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 28 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 365 29 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 365 30 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 31 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 365 32 HSP90 HSP90 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 365 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 365 34 302 302 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 365 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 365 36 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 366 1 Taken take VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 2 together together RB cord-350836-1enteev7 366 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 366 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 366 5 experimental experimental JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 366 6 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 7 suggests suggest VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 366 8 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 366 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 366 12 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 366 13 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 366 14 protected protect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 15 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 16 proteasome proteasome JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 366 17 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 18 despite despite IN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 366 20 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 366 21 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 366 22 moieties moiety NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 366 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 366 24 52 52 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 366 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 366 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 367 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 367 2 warrants warrant VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 367 3 further further JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 367 4 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 367 5 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 367 6 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 367 7 elucidation elucidation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 367 8 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 368 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 368 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 368 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 368 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 368 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 368 6 additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 368 7 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 368 8 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 368 9 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 368 10 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 368 11 co co NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 368 12 - - NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 368 13 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 368 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 368 15 contributing contribute VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 368 16 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 368 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 368 18 differential differential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 368 19 regulations regulation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 368 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 368 21 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 368 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 369 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 369 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 369 5 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 369 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 369 7 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 8 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 9 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 369 10 potentiated potentiate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 12 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 369 13 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 369 14 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 369 15 bind bind VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 16 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 369 18 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 369 19 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 21 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 24 303 303 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 369 26 304 304 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 369 29 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 369 30 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 31 first first RB cord-350836-1enteev7 369 32 discovered discover VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 33 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 34 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 369 35 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 36 activator activator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 37 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 38 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 369 40 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 369 41 serine serine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 369 42 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 369 43 threonineprotein threonineprotein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 44 kinase kinase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 45 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 47 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 50 305 305 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 53 306 306 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 56 307 307 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 59 308 308 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 62 309 309 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 64 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 369 65 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 369 66 oligoadenylate oligoadenylate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 67 synthetase synthetase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 68 L L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 70 OASL OASL NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 369 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 73 310 310 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 369 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 369 75 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 370 1 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 2 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 3 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 5 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 370 6 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 7 similarities similarity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 370 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 370 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 370 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 370 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 370 13 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 370 15 each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 370 16 contain contain VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 370 17 three three CD cord-350836-1enteev7 370 18 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 370 20 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 21 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 370 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 370 23 311 311 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 370 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 370 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 370 26 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 370 27 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 28 many many JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 370 31 same same JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 32 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 33 co co NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 370 34 - - NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 370 35 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 370 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 370 37 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 370 38 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 370 39 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 370 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 370 41 312 312 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 370 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 370 43 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 370 44 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 370 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 370 46 312 312 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 370 47 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 370 48 313 313 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 370 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 370 50 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 371 1 Because because IN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 371 4 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 371 5 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 7 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 9 augmenting augment VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 371 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 371 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 371 13 function function VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 371 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 371 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 371 16 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 371 17 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 371 18 prime prime JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 371 19 target target NN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 20 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 21 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 371 23 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 372 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 372 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 372 3 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 372 4 several several JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 372 5 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 372 6 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 372 7 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 372 8 diverse diverse JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 372 9 families family NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 372 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 372 11 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 372 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 372 13 314 314 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 372 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 372 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 372 16 315 315 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 372 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 373 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 373 2 316 316 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 373 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 373 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 373 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 373 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 373 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 373 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 9 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 12 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 373 13 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 373 14 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 373 15 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 373 16 vary vary VB cord-350836-1enteev7 373 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 373 18 still still RB cord-350836-1enteev7 373 19 need need VB cord-350836-1enteev7 373 20 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 373 21 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 373 22 characterized characterize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 24 detail detail NN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 373 26 future future JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 373 27 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 373 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 374 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 374 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 374 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 374 4 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 5 ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoprotein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 6 RAVER1 RAVER1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 374 7 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 374 8 increase increase VB cord-350836-1enteev7 374 9 affinity affinity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 374 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 13 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 374 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 374 15 317 317 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 374 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 374 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 374 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 374 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 374 20 zinc zinc NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 374 22 finger finger NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 23 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 24 ZCCHC3 zcchc3 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 25 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 374 26 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 374 27 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 28 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 29 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 374 30 so so RB cord-350836-1enteev7 374 31 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 32 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 374 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 34 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 374 35 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 374 36 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 374 37 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 374 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 374 39 125 125 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 374 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 374 41 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 42 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 374 43 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 374 44 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 45 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 374 46 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 374 47 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 48 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 374 49 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 374 50 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 374 51 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 374 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 375 1 On on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 2 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 375 3 contrary contrary NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 375 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 375 6 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 375 7 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 8 subunit subunit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 9 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 375 11 HB HB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 375 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 375 13 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 375 14 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 375 15 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 16 suggested suggest VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 17 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 375 18 decrease decrease VB cord-350836-1enteev7 375 19 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 375 20 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 375 21 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 22 competing compete VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 375 23 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 24 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 375 25 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 375 27 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 28 HB HB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 375 29 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 375 30 enhance enhance VB cord-350836-1enteev7 375 31 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 32 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 375 33 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 34 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 375 35 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 36 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 375 37 K63 K63 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 375 38 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 39 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 40 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 41 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 375 42 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 375 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 375 44 318 318 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 375 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 375 46 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 376 1 Several several JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 376 2 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 376 3 factors factor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 376 4 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 376 5 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 376 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 376 7 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 376 8 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 376 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 376 10 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 376 11 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 376 12 so so RB cord-350836-1enteev7 376 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 376 14 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 376 15 undescribed undescribed JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 376 16 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 376 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 377 1 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 377 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 3 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 377 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 377 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 377 6 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 8 PACT PACT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 377 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 10 319 319 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 377 12 320 320 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 377 15 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 377 16 sequestered sequester VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 17 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 18 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 377 19 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 377 20 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 21 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 377 22 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 377 24 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 377 25 stress stress NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 26 granules granule NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 377 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 28 321 321 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 377 30 322 322 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 32 along along IN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 33 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 34 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 35 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 377 36 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 38 323 323 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 377 40 324 324 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 42 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 377 43 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 377 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 45 324 324 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 48 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 377 49 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 377 50 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 377 51 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 377 52 novel novel NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 53 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 377 54 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 377 55 uncharacterized uncharacterized JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 377 56 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 57 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 58 enhancing enhance VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 377 59 MDA5-dependent MDA5-dependent NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 377 60 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 377 61 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 377 62 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 377 63 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 377 64 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 377 65 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 66 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 377 67 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 68 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 69 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 377 70 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 377 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 72 325 325 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 377 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 377 74 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 378 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 378 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 378 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 378 4 porcine porcine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 378 5 Interferon Interferon NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 378 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 378 7 Inducible Inducible NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 378 8 Oligoadenylate Oligoadenylate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 378 9 Synthetase Synthetase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 378 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 378 11 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 378 12 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 378 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 378 14 pOASL pOASL NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 378 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 378 16 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 378 17 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 378 18 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 378 19 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 378 20 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 378 21 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 378 22 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 378 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 378 24 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 378 25 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 378 26 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 378 27 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 378 28 unknown unknown JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 378 29 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 378 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 378 31 326 326 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 378 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 378 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 379 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 379 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 379 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 379 5 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 6 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 7 interacts interact VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 379 8 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 9 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 379 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 379 11 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 379 12 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 13 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 379 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 379 15 so so IN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 16 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 379 17 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 379 18 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 379 19 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 379 20 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 379 22 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 379 24 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 379 25 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 26 proposed propose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 27 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 379 29 Atg5 Atg5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 379 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 379 31 Atg12 Atg12 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 379 32 autophagy autophagy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 33 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 379 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 379 35 59 59 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 379 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 379 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 379 38 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 379 39 specifically specifically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 379 40 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 379 41 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 379 42 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 379 43 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 379 44 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 379 45 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 380 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 380 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 380 3 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 380 4 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 380 5 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 380 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 380 7 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 380 8 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 380 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 380 10 complement complement NN cord-350836-1enteev7 380 11 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 380 12 gC1qR gC1qR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 380 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 380 14 327 327 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 380 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 380 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 380 17 TARBP2 TARBP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 380 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 380 19 328 328 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 380 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 380 21 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 380 22 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 380 23 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 380 24 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 380 25 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 380 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 381 1 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 381 2 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 381 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 381 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 381 5 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 381 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 381 7 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 381 8 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 382 1 Lactate lactate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 382 3 hexokinase hexokinase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 382 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 382 5 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 382 6 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 382 7 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 8 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 382 10 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 382 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 382 13 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 382 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 382 15 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 382 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 17 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 382 18 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 19 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 382 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 382 21 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 382 22 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 382 23 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 382 24 significant significant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 382 25 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 26 explaining explain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 382 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 382 28 interplay interplay NN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 29 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 30 metabolism metabolism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 31 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 382 32 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 382 33 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 34 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 35 glycolysis glycolysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 36 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 382 37 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 38 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 382 39 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 382 40 greatly greatly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 382 41 decreased decrease VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 42 upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 43 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 382 44 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 382 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 382 46 329 329 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 382 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 382 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 383 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-350836-1enteev7 383 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 383 3 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 383 4 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 383 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 383 6 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 383 7 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 8 NLRC5 NLRC5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 383 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 383 10 330 330 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 383 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 383 12 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 383 13 interacts interact VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 383 14 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 383 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 383 18 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 383 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 383 20 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 383 21 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 22 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 383 23 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 383 24 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 25 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 26 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 383 27 block block VB cord-350836-1enteev7 383 28 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 30 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 383 31 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 32 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 383 33 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 383 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 383 35 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 383 36 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 383 37 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 383 38 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 384 1 Contrarily contrarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 384 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 384 3 DHX15 DHX15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 384 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 384 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 6 identified identify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 7 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 8 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 384 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 384 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 384 12 cofactor cofactor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 13 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 384 14 interacts interact VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 384 15 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 384 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 384 19 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 20 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 21 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 384 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 384 23 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 24 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 384 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 384 26 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 384 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 384 29 thereby thereby RB cord-350836-1enteev7 384 30 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 384 31 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 32 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 384 33 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 384 34 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 384 35 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 384 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 384 37 331 331 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 384 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 384 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 385 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 385 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 385 3 ADP ADP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 385 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 385 5 ribosylation ribosylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 385 6 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 385 7 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 385 8 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 385 9 block block VB cord-350836-1enteev7 385 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 385 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 385 12 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 385 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 385 14 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 385 15 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 385 16 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 385 17 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 385 18 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 385 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 385 20 thereby thereby RB cord-350836-1enteev7 385 21 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 385 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 385 23 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 385 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 385 25 332 332 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 385 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 385 27 333 333 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 385 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 385 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 386 1 Lastly lastly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 386 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 386 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 386 4 green green JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 386 5 tea tea NN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 6 molecule molecule NN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 7 EGCG EGCG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 386 8 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 386 9 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 386 10 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 11 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 386 13 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 386 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 386 15 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 386 16 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 386 20 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 386 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 386 22 334 334 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 386 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 386 24 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 387 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 387 2 similarities similarity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 387 3 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 387 4 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 387 5 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 387 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 387 7 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 387 8 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 387 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 387 10 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 387 11 modulations modulation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 387 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 387 13 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 387 14 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 387 15 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 387 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 387 17 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 387 18 need need VB cord-350836-1enteev7 387 19 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 387 20 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 387 21 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 387 22 further far RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 387 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 387 24 future future JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 387 25 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 387 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 388 1 Despite despite IN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 3 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 388 5 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 6 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 388 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 388 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 388 9 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 10 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 388 12 emphasize emphasize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 388 13 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 14 existing exist VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 388 15 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 16 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 17 indicates indicate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 18 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 19 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 20 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 388 21 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 388 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 388 23 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 388 24 come come VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 388 25 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 26 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 388 27 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 28 origin origin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 29 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 388 30 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 31 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 388 32 shared share VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 33 among among IN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 34 several several JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 35 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 388 36 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 388 37 families family NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 388 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 388 39 Figure Figure NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 388 40 7 7 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 388 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 388 42 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 389 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 389 2 linkage linkage NN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 389 5 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 389 7 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 389 8 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 389 9 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 10 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 11 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 12 appear appear VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 389 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 389 14 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 389 15 ancient ancient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 389 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 389 17 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 18 orthologs ortholog NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 389 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 20 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 389 21 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 389 22 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 389 23 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 24 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 389 26 Archaea Archaea NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 389 27 kingdom kingdom NN cord-350836-1enteev7 389 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 389 29 335 335 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 389 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 389 31 336 336 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 389 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 389 33 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 390 1 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 390 2 orthologs ortholog NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 390 4 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 6 most most JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 7 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 9 184 184 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 390 12 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 390 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 390 16 orthologs ortholog NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 17 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 390 18 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 390 19 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 20 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 21 mammals mammal NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 390 23 ducks duck NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 390 25 geese goose NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 390 27 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 390 28 selected select VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 29 fish fish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 390 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 390 31 reptiles reptile NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 390 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 33 184 184 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 390 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 36 337 337 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 39 338 338 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 42 339 339 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 45 340 340 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 48 341 341 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 51 342 342 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 390 54 343 343 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 390 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 391 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 391 2 Figures figure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 391 3 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 391 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 391 5 7 7 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 391 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 391 7 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 392 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 392 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 3 therefore therefore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 392 4 likely likely JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 392 7 evolved evolve VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 392 8 first first RB cord-350836-1enteev7 392 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 392 10 perhaps perhaps RB cord-350836-1enteev7 392 11 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 392 13 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 14 ancestor ancestor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 15 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 392 17 closely closely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 392 18 related relate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 19 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 392 20 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 21 family family NN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 392 23 184 184 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 392 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 392 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 392 26 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 392 27 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 28 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 29 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 30 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 31 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 32 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 392 33 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 392 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 392 35 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 392 36 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 392 37 lacks lack VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 392 39 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 40 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 392 41 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 42 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 392 43 N n CD cord-350836-1enteev7 392 44 terminus terminus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 392 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 392 46 185 185 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 392 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 392 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 393 1 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 393 2 orthologs ortholog NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 393 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 393 4 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 393 5 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 393 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 393 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 393 8 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 393 9 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 393 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 393 11 next next JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 393 12 closest close JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 393 13 related related JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 393 14 family family NN cord-350836-1enteev7 393 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 393 16 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 393 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 393 18 Dicer dicer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 393 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 393 20 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 393 21 more more JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 393 22 ancient ancient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 393 23 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 393 24 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 394 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 394 2 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 394 3 therefore therefore RB cord-350836-1enteev7 394 4 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 5 proposed propose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 6 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 394 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 394 10 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 11 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 394 13 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 394 14 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 394 15 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 16 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 17 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 394 18 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 394 19 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 20 duplicated duplicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 21 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 22 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 394 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 394 25 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 394 26 ancestor ancestor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 394 28 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 394 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 394 30 184 184 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 394 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 394 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 395 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 395 2 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 395 5 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 395 6 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 7 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 395 8 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 395 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 395 10 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 395 11 followed follow VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 395 13 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 14 individual individual JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 395 15 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 16 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 395 17 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 395 18 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 20 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 395 21 variety variety NN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 23 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 395 24 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 395 25 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 395 26 encode encode VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 395 27 caspases caspase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 395 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 395 29 344 344 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 395 30 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 395 31 345 345 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 395 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 395 33 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 395 34 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 395 35 only only JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 395 36 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 37 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 395 38 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 395 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 395 40 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 395 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 395 42 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 395 43 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 395 44 members member NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 395 45 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 46 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 395 47 Nacht Nacht NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 395 48 family family NN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 49 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 50 NTPases NTPases NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 395 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 395 52 346 346 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 395 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 395 54 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 395 55 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 395 56 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 395 57 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 395 58 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 396 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 396 2 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 3 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 396 4 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 5 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 396 7 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 396 9 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 396 10 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 396 11 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 396 13 CARD2 CARD2 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 396 14 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 396 15 strong strong JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 396 16 co co JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 396 17 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 396 18 evolution evolution JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 396 19 history history NN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 396 21 347 347 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 396 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 396 23 348 348 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 396 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 396 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 396 26 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 27 CARD1 card1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 28 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 396 29 evolved evolve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 396 30 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 396 31 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 396 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 396 33 184 184 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 396 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 396 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 397 1 CARD2 CARD2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 397 2 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 397 3 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 397 4 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 397 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 397 6 grafted graft VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 397 7 onto onto IN cord-350836-1enteev7 397 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 397 9 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 398 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 398 2 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 398 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 398 4 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 398 5 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 398 6 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 398 7 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 398 8 first first RB cord-350836-1enteev7 398 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 398 10 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 398 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 398 12 CARD2-MDA5 CARD2-MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 398 13 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 398 14 duplicated duplicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 398 15 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 398 16 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 398 17 event event NN cord-350836-1enteev7 398 18 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 399 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 399 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 399 3 CARD1 CARD1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 399 4 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 399 5 grafted graft VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 399 6 onto onto IN cord-350836-1enteev7 399 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 399 8 CARD2-helicase CARD2-helicase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 399 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 399 10 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 399 11 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 399 12 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 399 13 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 399 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 399 15 separate separate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 399 16 events event NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 399 17 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 399 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 399 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 399 20 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 399 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 399 22 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 399 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 399 24 184 184 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 399 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 399 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 400 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 2 mammals mammal NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 400 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 400 4 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 400 5 selection selection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 6 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 400 7 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 400 8 seen see VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 400 11 flexible flexible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 400 12 hinge hinge NN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 13 region region NN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 14 connecting connect VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 400 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 400 16 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 17 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 400 18 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 400 20 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 400 23 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 400 24 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 400 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 400 26 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 400 27 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 401 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 401 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 401 4 contains contain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 401 5 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 401 6 additional additional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 401 7 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 9 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 401 10 selection selection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 11 within within IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 401 13 Hel1 Hel1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 401 14 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 401 15 motif motif NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 401 17 N421 n421 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 401 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 401 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 401 20 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 21 most most JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 401 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 401 24 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 401 25 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 401 26 selection selection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 27 sites site NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 401 28 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 29 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 401 30 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 401 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 32 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 401 33 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 401 34 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 401 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 401 37 including include VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 401 38 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 401 39 29 29 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 401 40 amino amino NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 41 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 42 insertion insertion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 43 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 401 44 Hel2 Hel2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 401 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 401 46 349 349 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 401 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 401 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 402 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 402 4 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 402 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 402 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 402 7 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 402 8 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 402 9 originate originate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 402 10 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 11 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 402 12 ancestors ancestor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 402 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 14 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 402 15 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 402 16 there there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 402 17 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 402 18 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 402 19 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 20 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 402 21 suggest suggest VB cord-350836-1enteev7 402 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 402 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 402 24 related relate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 25 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 402 26 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 402 27 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 28 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 402 29 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 30 helicases helicase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 402 31 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 402 32 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 33 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 34 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 402 35 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 402 36 tree tree NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 37 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 402 38 along along IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 39 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 40 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 402 41 lowest low JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 402 42 level level NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 44 biological biological JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 402 45 taxonomy taxonomy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 46 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 402 47 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 402 48 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 402 49 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 402 50 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 51 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 52 present present JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 402 53 day day NN cord-350836-1enteev7 402 54 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 403 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 2 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 403 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 403 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 403 5 precursor precursor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 403 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 403 9 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 403 11 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 403 12 likely likely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 403 13 originated originate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 403 14 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 403 16 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 403 17 ancestor ancestor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 18 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 403 20 precursor precursor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 21 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 22 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 403 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 403 24 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 403 25 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 403 26 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 403 27 duplicated duplicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 28 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 403 29 create create VB cord-350836-1enteev7 403 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 403 31 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 32 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 403 33 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 403 34 precursor precursor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 36 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 37 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 403 38 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 403 39 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 40 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 403 41 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 403 42 ancestor ancestor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 403 44 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 403 45 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 404 1 CARD2 CARD2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 404 2 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 404 3 then then RB cord-350836-1enteev7 404 4 grafted graft VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 5 onto onto IN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 404 7 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 404 9 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 404 10 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 404 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 404 13 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 404 14 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 15 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 404 16 duplicated duplicate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 17 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 404 18 create create VB cord-350836-1enteev7 404 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 404 20 CARD2-helicase CARD2-helicase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 404 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 404 22 CTD CTD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 404 23 precursor precursor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 404 25 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 404 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 405 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 405 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 405 3 CARD1 CARD1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 405 4 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 405 5 grafted graft VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 405 6 onto onto IN cord-350836-1enteev7 405 7 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 405 8 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 405 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 405 10 separate separate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 405 11 events event NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 405 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 405 13 forming form VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 405 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 405 15 modern modern JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 405 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 405 17 day day NN cord-350836-1enteev7 405 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 405 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 405 20 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 405 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 405 22 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 405 23 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 406 1 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 2 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 406 3 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 4 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 406 5 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 406 6 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 406 7 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 406 8 evolved evolve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 9 separately separately RB cord-350836-1enteev7 406 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 11 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 406 12 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 406 13 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 14 ancient ancient JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 406 15 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 406 17 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 406 18 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 406 19 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 20 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 406 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 406 22 implicating implicate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 406 23 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 24 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 406 25 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 26 defense defense NN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 27 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 406 28 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 29 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 406 30 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 406 31 universal universal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 406 32 biological biological JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 406 33 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 406 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 407 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 407 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 407 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 407 5 homolog homolog NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 6 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 7 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 407 8 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 9 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 407 12 planarian planarian NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 13 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 407 14 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 15 able able JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 407 17 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 407 18 downstream downstream JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 19 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 20 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 407 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 407 23 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 407 26 traditional traditional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 27 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 28 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 407 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 407 30 350 350 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 407 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 407 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 407 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 407 34 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 407 35 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 36 homolog homolog NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 37 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 38 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 407 39 elegans elegan NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 407 40 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 41 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 42 proposed propose VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 43 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 407 44 mediate mediate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 407 45 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 46 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 47 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 48 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 407 49 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 50 complexing complexe VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 407 51 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 52 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 407 53 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 407 54 catalyzing catalyze VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 407 55 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 56 translocation translocation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 57 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 58 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 407 59 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 407 60 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 407 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 407 62 351 351 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 407 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 407 64 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 408 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 408 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 408 3 insects insect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 408 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 408 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 408 6 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 408 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 408 8 primarily primarily RB cord-350836-1enteev7 408 9 respond respond VB cord-350836-1enteev7 408 10 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 408 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 408 12 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 408 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 408 14 RNAi RNAi NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 408 15 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 408 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 408 17 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 408 18 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 408 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 408 20 352 352 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 408 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 408 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 409 1 Dicer Dicer NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 409 2 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 409 3 potentially potentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 409 4 mediate mediate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 409 5 dsRNA dsrna RB cord-350836-1enteev7 409 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 409 7 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 8 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 409 9 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 409 10 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 409 11 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 409 12 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 409 13 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 409 14 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 409 15 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 409 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 17 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 409 18 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 409 19 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 409 20 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 21 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 409 22 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 23 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 24 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 409 25 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 409 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 409 27 case case NN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 28 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 409 30 expanded expand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 409 31 CAG CAG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 409 32 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 409 33 repeat repeat NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 409 34 dsRNA dsRNA . cord-350836-1enteev7 410 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 410 2 353 353 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 410 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 410 4 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 411 1 Pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 2 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 3 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 5 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 7 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 411 8 respond respond VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 9 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 10 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 411 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 12 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 13 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 411 14 yet yet RB cord-350836-1enteev7 411 15 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 16 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 17 outside outside RB cord-350836-1enteev7 411 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 411 20 animal animal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 21 kingdom kingdom NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 411 23 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 24 RLRlike rlrlike JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 411 25 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 27 prokaryotes prokaryote NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 28 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 29 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 411 30 have have VB cord-350836-1enteev7 411 31 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 32 domains domain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 411 34 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 411 35 PRRs prr NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 36 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 37 plants plant NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 38 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 39 so so RB cord-350836-1enteev7 411 40 far far RB cord-350836-1enteev7 411 41 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 42 surface surface NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 43 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 411 44 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 45 kinases kinase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 46 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 411 47 respond respond VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 48 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 49 external external JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 411 50 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 411 51 elements element NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 52 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 53 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 55 354 354 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 411 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 58 similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 411 59 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 60 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 411 61 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 411 62 toll toll NN cord-350836-1enteev7 411 63 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 411 64 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 411 65 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 411 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 67 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 411 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 69 ] ] -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 411 70 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 412 1 However however RB cord-350836-1enteev7 412 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 412 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 412 4 silencing silencing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 5 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 412 6 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 412 9 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 412 10 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 412 11 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 412 12 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 412 13 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 412 14 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 412 15 strategy strategy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 17 plants plant NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 412 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 412 19 354 354 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 412 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 412 21 355 355 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 412 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 412 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 412 24 certain certain JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 412 25 Arabidopsis Arabidopsis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 412 26 mutants mutant NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 412 27 appear appear VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 412 28 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 412 29 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 412 30 more more RBR cord-350836-1enteev7 412 31 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 412 32 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 33 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 34 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 412 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 412 36 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 412 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 412 38 356 356 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 412 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 412 40 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 413 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 413 3 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 5 357 357 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 413 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 413 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 413 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 10 357 357 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 413 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 413 12 358 358 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 413 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 14 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 413 15 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 16 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 413 17 influence influence VB cord-350836-1enteev7 413 18 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 413 19 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 413 20 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 21 zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 23 Danio Danio NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 413 24 rerio rerio NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 413 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 413 27 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 413 28 fish fish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 29 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 413 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 31 357 357 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 413 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 413 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 34 359 359 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 413 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 37 360 360 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 413 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 40 361 361 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 413 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 413 42 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 43 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 413 44 canonical canonical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 413 45 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 413 46 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 413 47 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 413 48 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 414 1 Fish Fish NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 414 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 414 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 414 5 like like IN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 6 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 414 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 414 8 RLRs rlr NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 414 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 414 10 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 414 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 12 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 414 14 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 414 15 regulated regulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 414 18 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 20 alternate alternate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 414 21 splicing splicing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 22 isoforms isoform NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 414 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 414 24 358 358 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 414 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 414 26 362 362 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 414 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 414 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 414 29 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 414 30 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 414 31 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 414 32 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 33 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 34 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 414 35 occur occur VB cord-350836-1enteev7 414 36 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 37 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 414 38 dominant dominant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 414 39 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 414 40 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 414 41 splice splice NN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 42 variant variant NN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 44 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 414 45 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 414 46 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 47 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 414 48 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 414 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 414 50 363 363 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 414 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 414 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 415 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 415 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 415 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 415 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 415 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 415 6 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 415 7 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 415 8 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 415 9 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 415 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 415 11 participate participate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 415 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 415 13 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 415 14 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 415 15 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 415 16 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 415 17 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 415 18 ducks duck NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 415 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 415 20 364 364 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 415 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 416 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 416 2 365 365 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 416 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 2 366 366 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 5 367 367 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 417 8 geese goose NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 417 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 10 340 340 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 11 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 417 12 368 368 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 13 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 417 14 369 369 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 417 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 417 18 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 417 19 alone alone RB cord-350836-1enteev7 417 20 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 417 21 chickens chicken NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 417 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 23 370 370 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 26 371 371 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 29 372 372 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 31 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 417 32 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 417 33 birds bird NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 417 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 35 373 373 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 417 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 417 37 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 418 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 418 2 observation observation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 3 across across IN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 4 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 418 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 6 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 418 7 's 's POS cord-350836-1enteev7 418 8 performing perform VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 418 9 compensatory compensatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 418 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 418 11 when when WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 418 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 418 13 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 14 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 418 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 418 16 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 17 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 18 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 418 19 absent absent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 418 20 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 418 21 reiterated reiterate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 23 birds bird NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 418 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 418 25 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 26 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 418 27 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 418 28 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 29 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 418 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 418 31 sense sense VB cord-350836-1enteev7 418 32 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 418 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 418 34 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 418 35 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 419 1 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 419 2 chickens chicken NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 419 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 419 4 372 372 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 419 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 419 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 419 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 419 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 419 9 Chinese chinese JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 419 10 shrew shrew NN cord-350836-1enteev7 419 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 419 12 374 374 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 419 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 419 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 419 15 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 419 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 419 17 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 419 18 lack lack VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 420 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 420 3 I. i. NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 4 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 420 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 420 6 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 420 7 activates activate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 420 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 9 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 420 10 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 420 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 12 ducks duck NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 420 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 420 14 364 364 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 420 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 420 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 420 17 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 18 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 420 19 Chinese chinese JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 420 20 goose goose NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 420 22 375 375 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 420 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 420 24 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 420 26 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 420 29 K172 K172 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 420 30 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 420 31 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 32 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 33 site site NN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 34 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 420 35 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 420 36 conserved conserve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 37 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 420 38 primates primate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 420 39 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 420 40 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 420 41 rodents rodent NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 420 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 420 43 364 364 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 420 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 420 45 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 421 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 421 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 421 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 421 4 rainbow rainbow NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 5 trout trout NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 421 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 421 7 Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 421 8 mykiss mykiss NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 421 10 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 421 11 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 12 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 421 14 express express VB cord-350836-1enteev7 421 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 421 16 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 421 17 variant variant NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 19 addition addition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 20 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 421 22 canonical canonical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 421 23 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 421 24 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 421 25 contains contain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 421 26 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 421 27 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 421 28 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 421 30 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 31 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 34 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 421 35 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 421 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 421 37 376 376 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 421 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 421 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 422 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 422 2 differential differential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 422 3 presence presence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 422 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 422 5 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 422 6 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 422 7 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 422 8 influence influence VB cord-350836-1enteev7 422 9 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 422 10 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 422 11 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 423 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 423 2 mutation mutation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 423 5 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 7 subunit subunit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 8 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 9 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 11 avian avian NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 423 13 adapted adapt VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 14 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 15 strains strain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 423 16 decreases decrease VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 423 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 423 18 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 20 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 423 21 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 22 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 423 23 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 24 function function VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 25 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 26 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 27 nucleoproteins nucleoprotein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 423 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 423 29 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 423 30 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 423 31 indicate indicate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 423 32 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 423 33 differential differential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 423 34 selective selective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 423 35 pressure pressure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 36 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 37 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 423 38 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 423 39 propagate propagate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 40 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 41 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 423 42 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 423 43 do do VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 423 44 n't not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 423 45 contain contain VB cord-350836-1enteev7 423 46 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 47 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 423 48 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 423 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 423 50 377 377 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 423 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 423 52 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 424 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 424 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 3 pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 424 5 compensatory compensatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 424 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 8 RLRs rlr NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 424 9 across across IN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 10 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 424 11 implicate implicate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 424 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 424 13 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 14 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 15 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 16 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 17 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 18 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 19 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 20 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 424 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 424 22 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 23 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 24 forces force NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 424 25 drive drive VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 424 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 424 27 available available JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 28 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 424 29 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 424 30 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 424 31 meet meet VB cord-350836-1enteev7 424 32 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 424 33 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 424 34 needs need NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 424 35 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 425 1 Future future JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 425 2 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 425 3 need need VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 425 4 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 425 5 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 425 6 done do VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 425 8 further further RB cord-350836-1enteev7 425 9 differentiate differentiate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 425 10 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 425 11 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 12 among among IN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 425 14 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 425 15 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 425 16 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 425 17 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 18 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 425 19 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 425 20 provide provide VB cord-350836-1enteev7 425 21 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 425 22 information information NN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 23 concerning concern VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 425 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 425 25 various various JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 425 26 methods method NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 425 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 28 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 29 control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 30 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 31 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 425 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 425 33 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 34 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 35 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 425 36 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 425 37 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 425 38 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 425 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 426 1 There there EX cord-350836-1enteev7 426 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 426 3 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 426 4 increasing increase VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 426 5 evidence evidence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 6 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 7 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 426 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 426 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 426 10 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 11 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 426 12 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 426 13 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 14 helicases helicase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 426 15 serving serve VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 426 16 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 426 17 roles role NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 426 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 19 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 426 20 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 426 21 pathogen pathogen JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 426 22 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 426 23 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 24 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 426 25 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 426 26 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 426 27 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 426 28 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 29 reviewed review VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 426 30 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-350836-1enteev7 426 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 426 32 187 187 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 426 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 426 34 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 427 1 Some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 427 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 427 3 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 427 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 427 5 DDX DDX NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 427 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 427 7 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 427 8 appear appear VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 427 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 427 10 serve serve VB cord-350836-1enteev7 427 11 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 427 12 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 427 13 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 427 14 upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 427 15 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 427 16 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 427 17 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 427 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 427 19 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 428 1 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 428 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 428 3 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 428 4 well well RB cord-350836-1enteev7 428 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 428 6 known know VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 7 example example NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 428 9 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 428 10 suspected suspect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 12 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 428 13 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 428 14 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 15 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 16 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 17 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 428 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 428 19 β β NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 428 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 428 21 378 378 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 428 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 428 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 428 24 associating associate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 428 25 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 26 spliceosomes spliceosome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 428 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 428 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 428 29 stress stress NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 30 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 428 31 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 32 p p NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 33 - - , cord-350836-1enteev7 428 34 bodies body NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 428 35 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 428 36 influence influence VB cord-350836-1enteev7 428 37 mRNA mrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 38 splicing splicing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 39 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 428 40 decay decay NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 428 42 respectively respectively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 428 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 428 44 322 322 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 428 45 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 428 46 378 378 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 428 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 428 48 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 428 49 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 428 50 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 428 51 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 52 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 428 53 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 428 54 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 428 55 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 56 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 428 57 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 428 58 conditions condition NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 428 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 428 60 378 378 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 428 61 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 428 62 379 379 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 428 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 428 64 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 429 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 2 particular particular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 429 4 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 429 5 associating associate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 429 6 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 7 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 429 8 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 9 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 10 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 429 12 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 429 13 important important JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 14 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 15 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 16 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 17 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 18 control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 19 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 20 several several JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 21 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 429 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 23 378 378 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 429 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 26 379 379 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 429 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 29 380 380 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 429 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 31 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 429 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 429 33 since since IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 34 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 429 35 two two CD cord-350836-1enteev7 429 36 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 429 37 homologs homolog NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 429 38 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 429 39 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 40 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 41 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 429 42 X x NN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 43 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 429 44 Y Y NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 429 45 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 429 46 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 429 47 they -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 429 48 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 429 49 contribute contribute VB cord-350836-1enteev7 429 50 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 51 immunological immunological JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 429 52 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 429 53 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 429 54 genders gender NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 429 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 56 381 381 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 429 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 429 58 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 430 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 430 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 430 3 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 430 4 repeated repeated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 430 5 theme theme NN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 6 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 430 7 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 8 DHX9 DHX9 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 10 382 382 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 430 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 430 13 DHX15 DHX15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 15 383 383 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 430 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 17 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 430 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 430 19 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 430 20 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 430 21 consisting consisting NN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 23 DDX1 DDX1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 24 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 430 25 DDX21 DDX21 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 26 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 430 27 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 29 384 384 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 430 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 31 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 32 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 430 33 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 34 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 35 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 430 36 associate associate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 430 37 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 430 39 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 430 40 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 430 41 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 430 42 enhance enhance VB cord-350836-1enteev7 430 43 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 44 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 45 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 430 46 while while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 47 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 430 48 interacts interact VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 430 49 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 50 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 430 51 independently independently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 430 52 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 53 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 430 54 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 430 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 56 385 385 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 430 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 430 58 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 431 1 DDX DDX NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 431 2 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 431 3 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 431 4 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 431 5 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 431 6 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 431 7 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 431 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 431 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 431 10 IRF IRF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 431 11 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 431 12 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 432 1 Multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 432 2 DDX DDX NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 432 3 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 432 4 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 432 5 interact interact VB cord-350836-1enteev7 432 6 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 7 IKKε IKKε NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 432 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 432 9 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 10 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 432 11 being be VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 432 12 phosphorylated phosphorylate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 14 IKKε IKKε NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 432 15 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 432 16 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 432 17 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 432 18 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 19 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 432 21 TBK1-IKKε TBK1-IKKε NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 432 22 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 432 24 378 378 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 432 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 432 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 432 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 432 28 DDX19 ddx19 UH cord-350836-1enteev7 432 29 blocking block VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 432 30 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 432 31 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 432 32 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 432 33 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 432 34 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 432 35 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 432 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 432 37 386 386 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 432 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 432 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 433 1 Similar similar JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 433 2 control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 433 3 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 433 4 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 433 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 433 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 433 7 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 433 8 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 433 9 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 433 10 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 433 11 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 433 12 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 433 13 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 434 1 For for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 434 2 example example NN cord-350836-1enteev7 434 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 434 4 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 434 5 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 434 6 recently recently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 434 7 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 434 8 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 434 9 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 434 10 associate associate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 434 11 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 434 12 arenaviral arenaviral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 434 13 NPs NPs NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 434 14 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 434 15 increase increase VB cord-350836-1enteev7 434 16 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 434 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 434 18 synthesis synthesis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 434 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 434 20 IFN1 IFN1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 434 21 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 434 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 434 23 387 387 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 434 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 434 25 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 435 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 435 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 435 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 435 4 NP NP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 435 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 435 7 1918 1918 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 435 8 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 435 9 IAV IAV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 435 10 pandemic pandemic NN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 11 strain strain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 12 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 435 13 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 14 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 15 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 435 16 target target VB cord-350836-1enteev7 435 17 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 435 18 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 19 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 20 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 21 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 435 22 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 435 23 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 25 virulence virulence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 435 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 435 27 388 388 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 435 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 435 29 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 436 1 DHX15 dhx15 RB cord-350836-1enteev7 437 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 437 2 389 389 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 437 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 437 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 437 5 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 437 6 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 437 7 also also RB cord-350836-1enteev7 437 8 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 437 9 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 437 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 437 11 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 437 12 NFκB NFκB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 437 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 437 14 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 437 15 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 437 16 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 437 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 438 1 Finally finally RB cord-350836-1enteev7 438 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 438 3 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 438 4 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 438 5 been be VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 6 shown show VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 438 8 act act VB cord-350836-1enteev7 438 9 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 438 11 cofactor cofactor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 438 15 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 438 17 390 390 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 438 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 438 19 391 391 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 438 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 438 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 438 22 DHX29 dhx29 VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 438 23 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 438 24 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 438 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 438 26 392 392 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 438 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 438 28 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 439 1 Taken take VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 439 2 altogether altogether RB cord-350836-1enteev7 439 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 439 4 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 439 5 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 439 6 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 439 7 have have VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 439 8 likely likely RB cord-350836-1enteev7 439 9 evolved evolve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 439 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 439 11 regulate regulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 439 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 439 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 439 14 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 439 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 439 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 439 17 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 439 18 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 439 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 439 20 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 439 21 DExD DExD NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 439 22 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 439 23 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 439 24 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 439 25 predecessors predecessor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 439 26 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 440 1 As as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 440 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 440 3 capacity capacity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 440 4 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 440 5 study study VB cord-350836-1enteev7 440 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 440 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 440 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 440 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 440 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 440 11 purposefully purposefully RB cord-350836-1enteev7 440 12 modulate modulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 440 13 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 440 14 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 440 15 increases increase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 440 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 440 17 specificity specificity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 440 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 440 19 so so RB cord-350836-1enteev7 440 20 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 440 21 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 440 22 needs need NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 440 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 440 24 characterize characterize VB cord-350836-1enteev7 440 25 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 440 26 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 440 27 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 440 28 related related JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 440 29 immune immune NN cord-350836-1enteev7 440 30 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 440 31 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 440 32 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 441 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 441 2 concept concept NN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 4 personalized personalized JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 441 5 medicine medicine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 6 derives derive VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 441 7 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 441 9 idea idea NN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 10 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 441 12 can can MD cord-350836-1enteev7 441 13 therapeutically therapeutically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 441 14 intervene intervene VB cord-350836-1enteev7 441 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 16 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 441 17 situation situation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 18 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 441 19 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 441 20 designed design VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 21 around around IN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 441 23 individual individual NN cord-350836-1enteev7 441 24 's 's POS cord-350836-1enteev7 441 25 unique unique JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 441 26 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 441 27 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 442 1 While while IN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 2 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 3 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 4 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 5 achievable achievable JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 6 realm realm NN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 8 medicine medicine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 11 future future NN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 442 13 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 14 immediate immediate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 15 step step NN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 16 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 17 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 442 18 determine determine VB cord-350836-1enteev7 442 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 20 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 442 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 22 some some DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 23 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 24 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 442 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 442 26 such such JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 27 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 29 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 30 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 442 31 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 442 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 442 33 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 442 34 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 442 36 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 37 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 442 38 arm arm NN cord-350836-1enteev7 442 39 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 443 1 Examining examine VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 443 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 3 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 443 5 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 6 similarities similarity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 443 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 443 8 differences difference NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 443 9 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 10 multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 11 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 443 12 will will MD cord-350836-1enteev7 443 13 allow allow VB cord-350836-1enteev7 443 14 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 443 16 deeper deep JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 443 17 level level NN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 19 appreciation appreciation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 21 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 443 22 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 443 23 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 443 24 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 443 25 may may MD cord-350836-1enteev7 443 26 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 443 27 exploited exploit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 28 therapeutically therapeutically RB cord-350836-1enteev7 443 29 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 443 30 differentially differentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 443 31 modulate modulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 443 32 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 33 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 443 34 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 443 35 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 443 36 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 37 signalings signaling NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 443 38 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 443 39 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 443 41 ligands ligand NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 443 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 443 43 43 43 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 443 44 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 443 45 191 191 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 443 46 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 443 47 393 393 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 443 48 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 443 49 394 394 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 443 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 443 51 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 443 52 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 53 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 443 54 compounds compound NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 443 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 443 56 395 395 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 443 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 443 58 _SP cord-350836-1enteev7 444 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 2 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 444 3 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 444 4 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 444 5 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 444 6 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 7 homolog homolog NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 8 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 444 11 helicase helicase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 444 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 444 13 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 14 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 16 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 17 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 18 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 444 20 differentiation differentiation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 22 acute acute JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 23 promyelocytic promyelocytic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 24 leukemia leukemia NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 25 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 26 Retinoic Retinoic NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 444 27 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 28 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 444 29 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 30 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 31 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 444 32 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 444 33 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 34 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 35 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 36 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 37 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 444 38 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 39 LPS lp NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 444 40 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 444 41 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 444 42 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 444 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 1 COX-2 COX-2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 445 2 mda-5 mda-5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 445 3 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 445 4 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 445 5 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 445 7 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 445 8 putative putative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 445 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 445 10 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 11 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 12 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 445 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 445 14 stranded stranded JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 445 15 RNAdependent rnadependent NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 16 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 445 17 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 445 19 melanoma melanoma NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 20 growth growth NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 445 22 suppressive suppressive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 445 23 properties property NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 445 24 Overexpression Overexpression NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 445 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 26 helicard helicard NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 445 28 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 445 29 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 30 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 445 31 containing contain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 445 32 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 33 cleaved cleave VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 34 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 35 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 445 37 accelerates accelerate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 445 38 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 39 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 445 40 Interferons interferon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 445 41 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 445 42 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 445 43 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 446 1 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 446 2 interplay interplay NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 3 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 4 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 5 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 446 6 signalling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 446 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 446 8 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 9 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 446 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 446 11 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 12 countermeasures countermeasure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 446 13 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 446 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 15 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 446 16 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 17 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 18 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 446 19 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 20 membrane membrane NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 21 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 446 22 coordination coordination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 24 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 25 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 26 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 27 Assembly Assembly NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 446 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 446 30 WHIP whip NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 446 32 TRIM14-PPP6C trim14-ppp6c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 33 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 34 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 35 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 36 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 37 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 446 38 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 39 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 446 40 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 41 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 42 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 446 43 Zyxin Zyxin NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 446 44 stabilizes stabilize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 45 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 46 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 446 47 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 446 48 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 446 49 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 446 50 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 446 51 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 446 52 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 446 53 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 54 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 446 55 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 446 56 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 446 57 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 447 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 447 2 Rep Rep NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 447 3 IKKε IKKε NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 447 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 447 5 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 447 6 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 447 7 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 447 8 components component NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 447 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 447 11 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 447 12 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 447 13 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 14 Multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 447 15 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 447 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 17 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 447 18 IKK IKK NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 447 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 447 20 related relate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 21 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 22 IKKe IKKe NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 447 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 24 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 25 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 447 26 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 27 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 447 28 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 29 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 447 30 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 31 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 447 32 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 33 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 34 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 447 35 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 447 36 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 447 37 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 447 38 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 448 1 Front Front NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 448 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 448 3 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 448 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 448 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 448 6 Dicer dicer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 448 7 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 448 8 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 448 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 448 10 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 448 11 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 449 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 449 4 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 449 6 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 7 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 8 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 449 9 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 10 Dicer dicer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 449 12 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 13 processing processing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 15 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 16 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 449 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 449 18 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 449 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 449 21 blocks block VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 449 23 interference interference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 24 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 25 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 26 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 449 27 Virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 28 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 29 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 30 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 449 31 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 449 32 represses repress VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 449 34 interference interference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 35 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 36 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 449 37 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 38 TRBP TRBP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 449 39 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 40 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 449 41 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 449 42 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 449 43 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 449 44 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 450 1 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 450 2 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 450 3 about about IN cord-350836-1enteev7 450 4 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 450 5 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 450 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 450 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 450 8 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 450 9 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 450 10 accomplices accomplice NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 450 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 450 12 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 450 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 450 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 450 15 signal signal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 450 16 transduction transduction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 1 Negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 451 2 regulators regulator NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 451 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 451 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 451 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 451 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 451 9 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 451 10 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 11 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 451 12 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 13 Tissue tissue NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 451 15 based base VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 16 map map NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 18 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 451 19 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 451 20 proteome proteome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 21 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 451 22 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 23 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 24 m7 m7 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 25 G g NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 26 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 451 28 2'-O 2'-o CD cord-350836-1enteev7 451 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 451 30 methyl methyl NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 31 discrimination discrimination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 32 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 33 capped cap VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 34 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 451 35 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 451 37 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 451 38 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 451 39 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 451 40 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 1 -I -I NFP cord-350836-1enteev7 452 2 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 452 3 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 5 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 6 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 7 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 452 8 filament filament NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 9 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 452 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 452 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 452 13 signal signal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 14 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 452 17 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 452 18 imprinting imprinting NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 19 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 20 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 452 21 signal signal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 22 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 452 23 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 24 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 452 27 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 452 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 452 29 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 31 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 452 32 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 452 33 Parts Parts NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 452 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 452 35 assembly assembly NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 36 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 452 37 operation operation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 38 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 39 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 452 40 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 41 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 452 42 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 452 43 family family NN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 44 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 452 45 motors motor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 453 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 453 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 453 3 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 453 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 453 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 453 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 453 7 has have VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 453 8 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 453 9 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 453 10 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 453 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 453 12 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 453 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 453 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 453 15 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 453 16 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 453 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 453 18 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 454 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 454 2 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 454 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 454 4 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 454 5 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 454 6 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 454 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 454 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 454 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 454 10 5'-triphosphate 5'-triphosphate CD cord-350836-1enteev7 454 11 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 454 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 454 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 454 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 454 15 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 455 1 5 5 LS cord-350836-1enteev7 455 2 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 456 1 -Triphosphate -Triphosphate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 456 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 456 3 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 456 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 456 5 ligand ligand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 6 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 456 9 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 456 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 456 12 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 456 14 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 456 16 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 456 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 18 single single RB cord-350836-1enteev7 456 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 456 20 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 456 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 456 22 bearing bear VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 456 23 5'-Phosphates 5'-phosphates CD cord-350836-1enteev7 457 1 Nonself Nonself NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 457 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 457 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 457 4 sensing sense VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 457 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 457 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 457 7 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 458 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 458 2 helicase helicase VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 458 3 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 458 4 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 458 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 458 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 458 7 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 458 8 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 459 1 Cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 459 2 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 459 3 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 459 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 459 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 459 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 459 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 459 8 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 459 9 5'-Triphosphate 5'-triphosphate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 459 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 459 11 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 459 12 translocase translocase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 459 13 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 459 14 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 459 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 460 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 460 2 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 460 3 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 5 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 460 6 ' ' '' cord-350836-1enteev7 460 7 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 8 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 460 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 460 10 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 11 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 12 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 460 16 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 460 17 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 460 19 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 20 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 460 21 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 1 -I -I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 461 2 detects detect VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 3 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 4 genomic genomic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 461 6 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 7 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 461 9 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 461 11 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 12 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 13 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 461 15 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 16 insights insight NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 461 17 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 18 5'-ppp 5'-ppp CD cord-350836-1enteev7 461 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 461 20 pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 21 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 461 24 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 25 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 461 26 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 461 27 RIG- rig- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 462 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 463 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 463 2 thermodynamic thermodynamic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 463 3 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 463 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 463 5 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 463 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 463 7 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 463 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 463 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 463 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 463 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 463 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 463 13 innate innate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 463 14 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 463 15 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 463 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 464 2 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 464 3 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 464 5 discrimination discrimination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 7 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 464 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 464 10 versus versus IN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 11 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 12 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 13 self self JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 464 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 464 16 Length length NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 464 18 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 19 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 21 doublestranded doublestranded JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 22 ribonucleic ribonucleic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 23 acids acid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 464 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 25 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 26 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 27 -inducible -inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 464 28 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 29 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 464 30 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 31 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 464 32 melanoma melanoma NN cord-350836-1enteev7 464 33 differentiation differentiation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 1 -associated -associated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 2 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 3 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 465 4 Activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 465 7 requires require VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 8 higher high JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 465 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 465 10 order order NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 465 12 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 465 13 generated generate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 14 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 15 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 16 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 17 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 465 18 detects detect VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 465 20 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 465 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 465 22 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 465 24 replicative replicative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 25 form form NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 27 picornavirusinfected picornavirusinfected JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 28 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 465 29 Visualisation visualisation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 30 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 31 direct direct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 32 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 33 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 34 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 465 35 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 465 36 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 465 37 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 38 replicative replicative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 39 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 40 form form NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 41 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 42 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 465 43 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 44 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 465 45 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 466 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 466 2 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 466 4 based base VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 5 model model NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 466 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 10 activation activation VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 11 Toward toward IN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 466 13 crystal crystal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 466 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 466 15 clear clear JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 466 16 view view NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 18 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 466 19 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 466 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 21 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 466 23 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 466 27 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 28 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 466 29 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 466 30 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 466 31 Pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 32 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 466 34 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 466 35 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 466 36 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 37 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 38 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 466 39 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 40 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 466 41 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 42 Antiviral Antiviral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 44 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 45 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 466 46 assembly assembly NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 47 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 48 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 49 family family NN cord-350836-1enteev7 466 50 innate innate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 466 51 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 466 52 sensors sensor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 467 1 Post post JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 2 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 3 translational translational JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 4 control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 6 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 7 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 8 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 9 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 467 10 Essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 11 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 467 14 N n CD cord-350836-1enteev7 467 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 467 16 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 17 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 467 20 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 23 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 467 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 467 25 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 467 26 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 27 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 28 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 29 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 467 31 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 33 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 34 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 35 pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 36 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 467 37 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 38 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 39 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 40 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 467 41 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 42 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 43 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 44 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 467 45 Structural Structural NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 467 46 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 467 47 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 467 48 studies study NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 467 49 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 50 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 467 51 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 467 52 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 1 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 468 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 468 3 Negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 468 4 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 7 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 468 8 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 9 serine serine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 10 8 8 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 468 11 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 468 14 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 16 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 468 18 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 19 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 468 20 Conventional Conventional NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 468 21 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 1 kinase kinase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 2 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 469 4 α α NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 469 6 PKC PKC NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 469 8 α α NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 469 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 469 11 PKC PKC NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 469 13 β β NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 14 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 469 15 regulate regulate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 469 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 20 signal signal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 21 transduction transduction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 22 Phosphorylation Phosphorylation NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 24 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 25 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 469 26 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 27 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 28 casein casein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 29 kinase kinase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 30 II II NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 31 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 33 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 34 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 35 RIOK3-mediated riok3-mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 36 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 37 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 38 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 39 interferes interfere VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 40 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 42 assembly assembly NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 43 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 469 44 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 45 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 469 46 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 47 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 48 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 49 Dephosphorylation dephosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 50 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 51 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 469 52 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 53 sensors sensor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 469 54 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 55 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 469 56 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 57 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 469 58 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 59 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 60 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 469 61 phosphatase phosphatase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 62 PP1 PP1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 63 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 64 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 65 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 66 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 67 immune immune NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 68 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 469 69 Antagonism antagonism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 70 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 71 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 469 72 phosphatase phosphatase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 73 PP1 PP1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 74 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 75 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 469 76 measles measle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 469 77 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 78 V v NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 79 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 80 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 81 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 82 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 83 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 84 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 85 escape escape NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 86 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 87 MDA5 mda5 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 88 HDAC6 HDAC6 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 469 89 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 90 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 91 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 469 92 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 469 93 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 94 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 95 deacetylation deacetylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 96 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 469 97 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 470 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 471 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 471 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 4 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 471 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 471 6 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 471 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 471 8 unwinding unwind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 471 9 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 10 DEAD dead JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 471 11 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 12 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 471 13 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 471 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 471 17 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 471 19 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 471 20 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 21 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 471 23 manipulation manipulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 24 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 471 25 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 471 26 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 472 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 472 2 catcher catcher NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 472 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 472 7 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 8 Viral Viral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 10 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 472 14 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 472 16 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 472 17 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 472 18 MDA5 MDA5 VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 19 cooperatively cooperatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 472 20 forms form VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 472 21 dimers dimer NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 472 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 472 23 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 24 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 472 25 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 472 26 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 472 27 upon upon IN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 28 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 472 29 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 472 30 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 472 31 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 33 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 34 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 472 35 RNF135 RNF135 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 472 36 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 472 37 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 472 38 RING ring NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 39 finger finger NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 40 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 472 42 ubiquitinates ubiquitinates NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 43 RIG RIG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 44 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 472 45 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 472 46 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 472 47 promote promote VB cord-350836-1enteev7 472 48 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 49 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 472 50 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 51 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 52 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 53 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 472 54 early early JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 472 55 phase phase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 56 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 472 57 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 472 58 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 473 1 REUL REUL NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 473 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 473 3 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 473 4 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 473 5 E3 e3 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 473 6 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 473 7 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 473 8 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 473 9 stimulator stimulator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 473 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 473 11 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 473 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 473 13 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 473 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 473 15 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 473 16 gene- gene- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 474 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 475 2 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 3 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 5 Riplet Riplet NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 475 7 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 8 K63-Linked k63-linke VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 9 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 475 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 475 14 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 15 repressor repressor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 16 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 17 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 18 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 20 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 21 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 22 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 475 23 Ubiquitindependent Ubiquitindependent NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 475 25 -independent -independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 26 roles role NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 475 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 28 E3 e3 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 29 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 30 RIPLET RIPLET NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 32 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 33 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 34 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 35 RINGfinger ringfinger NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 36 E3 e3 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 37 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 38 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 39 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 40 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 41 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 42 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 43 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 475 44 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 45 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 475 46 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 47 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 48 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 49 Caspase-12 Caspase-12 '' cord-350836-1enteev7 475 50 controls control VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 51 West West NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 52 Nile Nile NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 53 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 54 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 55 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 56 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 475 57 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 475 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 475 59 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 60 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 475 61 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 475 62 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 476 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 476 2 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 476 3 noncoding noncoding JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 476 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 476 5 Lnczc3h7a Lnczc3h7a NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 476 6 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 476 7 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 476 8 TRIM25-mediated trim25-mediated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 476 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 476 10 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 476 11 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 476 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 476 13 innate innate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 476 14 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 476 15 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 477 1 Ube2D3 ube2d3 JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 478 1 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 478 2 Ube2N Ube2N NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 478 3 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 478 4 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 478 5 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 478 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 478 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 478 8 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 478 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 478 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 478 11 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 478 12 aggregation aggregation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 478 13 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 478 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 478 15 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 478 16 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 479 1 NDR2 NDR2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 479 2 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 479 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 479 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 479 5 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 479 6 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 479 7 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 479 8 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 479 9 TRIM25-mediated trim25-mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 479 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 480 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 480 2 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 480 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 480 4 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 481 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 481 2 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 481 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 481 4 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 481 5 protease protease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 481 6 USP15 USP15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 481 7 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 481 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 481 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 481 10 Imediated imediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 481 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 481 12 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 481 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 481 14 deubiquitylating deubiquitylate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 481 15 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 482 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 482 2 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-350836-1enteev7 482 3 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 482 4 chaperone chaperone NN cord-350836-1enteev7 482 5 14 14 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 482 6 - - SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 482 7 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 482 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 482 9 3ε 3ε NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 482 10 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 482 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 482 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 482 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 482 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 482 15 translocon translocon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 482 16 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 482 17 mediates mediate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 482 18 membrane membrane NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 482 19 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 482 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 483 1 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 483 2 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 483 3 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 483 4 TRIM4 TRIM4 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 483 5 modulates modulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 483 6 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 484 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 484 3 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 484 5 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 484 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 484 7 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 9 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 484 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 484 12 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 484 13 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 14 K63-linked K63-linked NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 484 15 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 16 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 484 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 18 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 484 19 catalytic catalytic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 484 20 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 484 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 484 23 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 484 24 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 485 2 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 3 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 4 A A NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 5 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 6 NS1 ns1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 485 7 targets target VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 485 9 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 10 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 11 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 12 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 485 13 evade evade VB cord-350836-1enteev7 485 14 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 485 17 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 18 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 20 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 21 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 22 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 485 23 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 24 Species species NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 25 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 485 26 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 27 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 29 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 30 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 485 31 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 32 ubiquitination ubiquitination RB cord-350836-1enteev7 485 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 485 34 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 35 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 36 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 37 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 485 38 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 39 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 485 40 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 41 NS1 ns1 UH cord-350836-1enteev7 485 42 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 43 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 485 44 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 45 papillomavirus papillomavirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 46 E6 E6 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 47 oncoprotein oncoprotein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 48 targets target NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 485 49 USP15 USP15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 50 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 485 51 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 52 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 485 53 suppress suppress VB cord-350836-1enteev7 485 54 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 55 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 485 56 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 57 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 485 58 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 59 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 60 immune immune NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 61 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 485 62 Molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 63 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 64 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 65 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 66 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 485 67 NS1-mediated ns1-mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 68 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 69 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 70 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 485 71 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 485 72 NLRP12 NLRP12 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 485 73 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 74 anti anti JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 75 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 76 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 485 77 RIG- rig- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 486 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 486 2 activation activation VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 486 3 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 486 4 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 486 5 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 486 6 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 486 7 Reconstitution Reconstitution NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 486 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 486 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 486 10 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 2 pathway pathway VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 3 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 487 5 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 487 6 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 8 unanchored unanchored JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 9 polyubiquitin polyubiquitin NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 487 10 chains chain NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 487 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 12 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 13 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 14 Emerging emerge VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 487 15 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 17 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 20 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 21 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 487 22 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 23 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 487 24 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 487 25 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 26 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 28 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 29 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 487 30 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 31 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 32 provides provide VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 33 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 487 35 robustness robustness NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 36 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 487 37 synergy synergy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 38 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 39 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 40 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 41 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 487 42 Stratified stratify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 43 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 44 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 45 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 46 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 487 47 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 48 creates create VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 49 robust robust JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 50 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 51 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 52 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 487 53 induces induce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 54 selective selective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 55 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 56 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 57 Ubiquitin Ubiquitin NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 58 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 487 59 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 60 modulation modulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 61 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 62 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 487 63 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 64 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 487 65 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 487 66 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 67 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 487 68 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 487 69 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 488 2 E3 e3 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 3 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 4 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 5 TRIM40 trim40 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 6 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 488 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 488 8 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 488 9 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 488 10 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 11 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 488 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 488 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 488 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 488 16 I. i. NN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 17 Cell Cell NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 488 18 Rep Rep NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 488 19 Regulation Regulation NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 488 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 488 21 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 489 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 489 2 activation activation VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 489 3 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 489 4 K63-linked K63-linked NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 489 5 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 489 6 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 490 1 Front Front NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 490 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 491 2 zincfinger zincfinger NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 3 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 4 ZCCHC3 ZCCHC3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 5 binds bind VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 491 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 491 8 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 491 9 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 491 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 11 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 491 13 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 15 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 491 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 491 18 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 491 20 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 491 21 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 491 22 West West NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 23 Nile Nile NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 24 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 25 NS1 ns1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 26 antagonizes antagonize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 491 27 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 28 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 29 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 30 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 31 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 491 32 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 491 33 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 491 34 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 491 35 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 491 36 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 492 1 TRIM65-catalized TRIM65-catalized NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 492 2 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 3 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 4 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 5 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 6 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 492 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 8 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 9 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 10 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 11 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 13 ubiquitinmediated ubiquitinmediated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 15 signal signal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 16 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 17 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 19 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 492 20 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 492 21 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 492 22 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 23 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 492 24 association association NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 25 mediates mediate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 27 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 28 immune immune NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 29 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 492 30 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 492 31 forms form VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 32 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 33 prion prion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 492 34 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 492 35 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 36 aggregates aggregate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 492 37 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 492 38 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 492 39 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 492 40 propagate propagate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 492 41 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 42 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 43 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 492 44 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 1 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 493 2 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 3 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 493 5 prion prion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 493 7 like like IN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 8 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 493 9 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 493 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 493 12 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 493 13 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 14 Solid solid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 493 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 493 16 state state NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 17 NMR nmr NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 18 resonance resonance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 19 assignments assignment NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 493 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 493 22 filament filament NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 23 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 493 24 forming form VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 493 25 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 26 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 493 29 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 493 30 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 31 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 493 32 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 493 33 MAVS mavs RB cord-350836-1enteev7 494 1 How how WRB cord-350836-1enteev7 494 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 494 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 494 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 494 5 like like VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 494 6 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 494 7 activate activate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 494 8 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 494 9 Visualizing visualize VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 494 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 494 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 494 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 494 13 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 494 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 494 15 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 494 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 494 17 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 494 18 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 494 19 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 494 20 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 495 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 495 2 Defining define VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 495 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 495 4 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 495 5 determinants determinant NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 495 6 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 495 7 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 495 8 surveillance surveillance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 495 9 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 495 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 495 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 495 12 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 496 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 496 2 minimal minimal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 496 3 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 496 4 ligand ligand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 496 5 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 496 6 potent potent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 496 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 497 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 497 2 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 497 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 497 4 living live VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 497 5 mice mouse NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 498 1 ATPasedriven ATPasedriven NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 498 2 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 498 6 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 498 7 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 498 9 allows allow VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 498 10 optimal optimal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 498 11 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 13 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 14 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 498 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 498 16 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 498 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 499 1 -I -I JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 499 2 forms form NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 499 3 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 499 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 499 5 competent competent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 499 6 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 499 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 499 8 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 499 9 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 499 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 499 11 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 499 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 499 13 ubiquitin ubiquitin JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 499 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 499 15 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 499 16 manner manner NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 500 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 4 signal signal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 500 5 perception perception NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 500 7 integration integration NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 500 10 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 500 11 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 500 12 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 13 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 500 14 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 500 16 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 500 17 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 18 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 500 19 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 500 21 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 22 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 500 23 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 500 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 500 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 1 -I -I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 501 2 uses use VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 501 3 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 501 4 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 501 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 501 6 powered power VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 7 translocation translocation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 501 9 throttling throttle VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 501 10 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 11 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 12 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 501 13 proofreading proofreading NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 501 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 501 17 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 18 Filament Filament NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 501 19 assemblies assembly NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 501 20 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 21 foreign foreign JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 501 22 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 501 23 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 24 sensors sensor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 501 25 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 501 26 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 501 27 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 501 28 adaptor adaptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 29 triggering trigger VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 501 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 501 32 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 501 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 501 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 501 35 Mda5-mediated Mda5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 501 36 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 502 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 503 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 503 2 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 3 VISA VISA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 503 4 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 503 5 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 503 6 adapter adapter NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 7 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 8 required require VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 9 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 10 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 503 12 triggered trigger VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 503 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 503 15 β β NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 503 16 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 503 17 Identification identification NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 503 19 characterization characterization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 21 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 503 22 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 503 23 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 503 24 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 503 25 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 503 26 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 503 27 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 28 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 503 29 activates activate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 503 30 NF nf NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 503 32 κB κB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 503 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 503 34 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 503 35 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 503 36 common common JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 503 37 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 38 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 39 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 503 40 caspase caspase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 41 recruitment recruitment NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 42 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 503 44 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 1 -I -I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 504 2 modifies modify VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 3 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 504 4 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 5 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 6 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 8 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 9 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 10 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 504 11 Defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 12 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 504 13 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 504 14 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 15 covalently covalently RB cord-350836-1enteev7 504 16 linked link VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 504 18 + + CC cord-350836-1enteev7 504 19 /-]RNA /-]RNA . cord-350836-1enteev7 504 20 induce induce VB cord-350836-1enteev7 504 21 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 22 Structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 23 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 504 24 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 504 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 504 27 second second JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 28 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 504 30 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 504 31 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 505 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 505 2 provide provide VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 505 3 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 505 4 insights insight NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 505 5 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 505 6 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 505 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 505 8 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 2 activation activation VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 3 Pattern Pattern NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 4 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 5 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 506 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 506 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 8 Mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 506 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 10 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 506 11 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 12 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 506 13 targeting targeting NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 15 DEAD DEAD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 16 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 17 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 18 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 506 19 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 506 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 506 21 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 23 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 24 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 506 25 IKKepsilon IKKepsilon NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 506 27 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 28 IRF IRF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 29 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 30 Blockade Blockade NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 506 31 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 32 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 33 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 34 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 506 35 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 506 36 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 506 37 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 38 alpha alpha NN cord-350836-1enteev7 506 39 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 506 40 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 506 41 controls control NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 506 42 persistent persistent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 506 43 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 506 44 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 507 2 effects effect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 507 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 4 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 507 5 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 6 hypersensitivity hypersensitivity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 7 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 8 persistent persistent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 507 9 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 507 10 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 11 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 507 12 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 13 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 14 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 507 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 16 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 507 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 507 18 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 507 19 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 508 1 Front Front NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 508 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 508 3 Plasmacytoid Plasmacytoid NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 508 4 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 508 5 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 508 6 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 509 1 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 509 2 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 509 3 acids acid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 509 4 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 509 5 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 509 6 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 509 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 509 8 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 509 9 diseases disease NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 510 1 An an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 510 2 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 510 3 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 510 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 510 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 510 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 510 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 510 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 510 9 toll toll NN cord-350836-1enteev7 510 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 510 11 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 510 12 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 510 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 510 14 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 510 15 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 511 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 511 2 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 511 3 noncoding noncoding JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 511 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 511 5 NEAT1 NEAT1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 511 6 exerts exert VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 511 7 antihantaviral antihantaviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 511 8 effects effect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 511 9 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 511 10 acting act VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 511 11 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 511 12 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 511 13 feedback feedback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 511 14 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 511 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 512 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 512 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 512 3 Differential differential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 512 4 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 512 5 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 512 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 512 7 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 512 8 interferonalpha interferonalpha JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 512 9 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 512 10 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 512 11 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 512 12 feedback feedback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 512 13 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 512 14 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 512 15 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 512 16 factor-7 factor-7 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 513 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 513 2 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 513 3 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 513 4 circuit circuit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 513 5 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 514 1 Induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 514 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 514 3 suppression suppression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 514 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 514 5 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 514 6 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 514 7 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 514 8 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 514 9 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 514 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 514 11 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 514 12 mediators mediator NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 514 13 upregulate upregulate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 514 14 RIG- rig- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 515 2 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 3 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 4 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 515 5 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 6 paracrine paracrine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 7 effects effect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 515 8 contributing contribute VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 515 9 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 10 amplified amplified JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 11 cytokine cytokine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 12 cascades cascade VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 13 Fundamental fundamental JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 14 properties property NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 515 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 515 17 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 18 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 19 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 515 20 system system NN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 21 revealed reveal VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 23 multispecies multispecie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 515 24 comparison comparison NN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 515 26 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 516 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 517 1 interferon interferon NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 517 2 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 518 1 Retinoic Retinoic NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 518 2 acidinducible acidinducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 518 3 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 518 5 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 518 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 518 7 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 9 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 518 11 γ γ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 518 13 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 518 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 518 15 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 17 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 518 19 γ γ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 20 stimulated stimulate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 518 21 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 22 15 15 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 518 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 24 MCF-7 MCF-7 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 518 25 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 518 26 Expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 28 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 518 29 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 30 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 518 31 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 518 32 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 33 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 518 34 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 518 35 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 36 vascular vascular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 518 37 smooth smooth JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 518 38 muscle muscle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 39 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 518 40 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 41 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 42 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 43 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 518 44 γ γ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 518 45 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 519 1 -triphosphate -triphosphate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 519 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 519 3 requires require VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 519 4 base base NN cord-350836-1enteev7 519 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 519 6 paired pair VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 519 7 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 519 8 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 519 9 activate activate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 519 10 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 519 11 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 519 12 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 519 13 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 520 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 520 2 Unpaired Unpaired NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 520 3 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 520 4 ' ' '' cord-350836-1enteev7 520 5 ppp ppp NN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 520 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 520 8 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 520 9 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 10 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 12 arenavirus arenavirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 520 13 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 520 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 520 15 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 16 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 17 panhandles panhandle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 520 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 520 19 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 520 20 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 520 21 recognized recognize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 520 23 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 521 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 521 2 Recognition Recognition NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 521 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 521 4 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 521 5 ' ' '' cord-350836-1enteev7 521 6 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 521 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 521 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 522 2 helicase helicase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 522 3 requires require VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 4 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 5 blunt blunt JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 6 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 522 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 522 8 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 522 10 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 11 contained contain VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 13 panhandle panhandle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 15 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 522 17 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 18 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 19 Short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 20 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 522 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 522 22 stranded stranded JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 23 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 522 24 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 25 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 522 26 overhanging overhanging JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 27 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 522 28 ' ' `` cord-350836-1enteev7 522 29 ppp ppp NN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 30 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 522 31 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 522 33 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 34 found find VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 35 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 36 arenavirus arenavirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 522 37 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 522 38 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 522 39 act act VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 522 40 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 41 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 42 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 522 43 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 522 44 decoys decoy VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 522 45 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 522 46 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 47 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 522 48 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 523 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 523 2 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 523 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 523 4 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 5 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 6 bound bind VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 523 8 blunt blunt VB cord-350836-1enteev7 523 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 523 10 ended ended JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 523 11 double double JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 523 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 523 13 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 523 15 without without IN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 16 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 523 17 ' ' '' cord-350836-1enteev7 523 18 triphosphate triphosphate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 19 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 523 20 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 21 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 23 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 523 24 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 25 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 523 26 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 27 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 523 30 bearing bearing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 31 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 523 32 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 523 33 -diphosphates -diphosphates NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 523 34 Energetics energetic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 523 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 36 preferential preferential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 523 37 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 38 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 39 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 523 40 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 41 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 523 42 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 523 43 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 44 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 523 45 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 46 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 523 47 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 523 48 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 523 49 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 50 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 523 51 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 523 52 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 53 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 523 54 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 523 55 Tri-/Diphosphate tri-/diphosphate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 523 56 over over IN cord-350836-1enteev7 523 57 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 523 58 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 524 1 Monophosphate Monophosphate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 524 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 1 -I -I NFP cord-350836-1enteev7 525 2 selectively selectively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 525 3 discriminates discriminate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 525 4 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 5 5'-monophosphate 5'-monophosphate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 525 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 525 7 Establishing establish VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 525 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 525 9 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 11 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 525 12 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 525 14 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 525 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 525 18 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 525 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 525 20 innate innate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 525 21 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 525 22 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 526 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 527 1 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 527 2 pre pre NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 527 3 - - NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 4 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 527 5 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 527 6 ' ' NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 7 end end NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 8 capping cap VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 527 9 quality quality NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 10 control control NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 11 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 527 13 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 527 14 unexpected unexpected JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 527 15 link link NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 17 capping cap VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 527 18 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 19 pre pre VB cord-350836-1enteev7 527 20 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 527 21 mRNA mrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 527 22 processing process VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 527 23 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 527 24 III III NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 527 25 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 527 26 genetics genetic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 527 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 527 28 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 29 ; ; : cord-350836-1enteev7 527 30 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 527 31 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 527 32 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 1 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 2 L L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 3 releases release VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 528 5 small small JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 7 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 8 HCV HCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 10 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 11 refolds refold VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 12 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 13 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 528 14 potent potent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 15 PAMP PAMP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 16 Activation Activation NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 18 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 19 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 20 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 21 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 22 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 24 mouse mouse NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 25 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 528 26 lacking lack VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 528 27 p53 p53 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 28 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 29 New new JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 30 insights insight NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 528 31 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 528 33 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 34 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 35 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 36 L L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 37 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 38 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 39 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 40 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 528 41 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 42 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 43 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 528 44 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 528 45 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 47 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 48 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 49 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 528 50 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 51 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 528 52 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 53 like like VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 528 54 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 528 55 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 529 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 529 4 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 529 6 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 7 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 8 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 9 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 529 11 termini terminus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 529 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 13 doublestranded doublestranded NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 15 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 17 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 18 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 529 19 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 20 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 529 21 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 22 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 529 23 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 24 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 25 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 26 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 529 27 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 28 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 29 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 30 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 31 grafting graft VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 529 32 Regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 33 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 34 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 35 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 36 defenses defense NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 529 37 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 38 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 529 39 shared share VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 40 repressor repressor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 41 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 42 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 43 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 44 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 529 45 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 46 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 529 47 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 48 Activation Activation NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 49 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 50 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 51 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 529 52 β β NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 53 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 54 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 55 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 529 56 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 529 57 mRNA mrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 58 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 529 59 RNase RNase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 60 L L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 61 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 529 62 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 529 63 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 530 3 Other Other NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 5 Sensors Sensors NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 530 6 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 7 Antiviral Antiviral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 8 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 10 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 11 III III NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 12 detects detect VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 13 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 14 DNA dna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 530 16 induces induce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 17 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 19 interferons interferon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 530 20 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 530 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 23 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 530 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 25 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 26 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 27 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 530 28 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 530 30 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 31 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 33 poly(dA poly(dA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 34 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 530 35 dT dT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 530 37 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 530 39 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 40 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 41 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 530 42 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 43 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 44 III III NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 45 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 530 46 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 47 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 48 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 49 Sequence sequence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 50 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 530 51 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 52 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 530 53 enhance enhance VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 530 54 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 530 55 broad broad JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 56 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 530 57 spectrum spectrum NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 58 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 530 59 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 60 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 61 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 530 62 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 531 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 531 2 agonists agonist NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 532 1 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 533 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 533 2 activation activation VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 533 3 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 533 5 designer designer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 6 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 533 8 ligand ligand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 9 protects protect VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 10 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 11 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 12 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 533 13 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 14 dengue dengue NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 15 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 16 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 17 without without IN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 18 causing cause VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 533 19 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 20 Identification identification NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 22 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 533 23 natural natural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 24 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 533 26 motif motif NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 27 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 533 28 optimizes optimize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 29 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 30 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 31 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 533 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 533 33 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 34 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 533 35 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 533 36 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 2 vivo vivo NN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 3 ligands ligand NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 534 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 5 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 534 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 534 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 534 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 534 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 11 measles measles NN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 12 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 534 14 infected infect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 534 15 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 535 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 535 2 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 535 3 ' ' POS cord-350836-1enteev7 535 4 untranslated untranslated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 535 5 regions region NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 535 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 535 7 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 535 8 genomic genomic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 535 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 535 10 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 535 11 5'PPP 5'ppp CD cord-350836-1enteev7 535 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 535 13 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 535 14 ligands ligand NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 535 15 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 535 16 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 536 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 536 2 RIG rig VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 537 1 -I -I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 537 2 detects detect VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 537 3 Kaposi Kaposi NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 537 4 's 's POS cord-350836-1enteev7 537 5 sarcoma sarcoma NN cord-350836-1enteev7 537 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 537 7 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 537 8 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 537 9 transcripts transcript NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 537 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 537 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 537 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 537 13 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 537 14 III iii CD cord-350836-1enteev7 537 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 537 16 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 537 17 manner manner NN cord-350836-1enteev7 538 1 Innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 538 2 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 538 3 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 538 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 538 5 composition composition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 538 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 538 7 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 538 8 RIG- rig- NN cord-350836-1enteev7 539 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 2 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 539 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 539 4 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 5 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 6 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 539 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 8 Nucleotide Nucleotide NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 539 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 539 11 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 539 12 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 539 13 determine determine VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 539 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 539 16 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 17 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 539 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 539 19 binding binding NN cord-350836-1enteev7 539 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 539 21 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 540 1 activities activity NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 540 2 Self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 540 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 540 4 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 540 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 540 6 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 540 7 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 540 8 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 540 9 lncRNA lncrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 540 10 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 540 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 541 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 541 2 feedback feedback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 541 3 restricts restrict VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 4 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 5 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 6 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 541 7 Discrimination discrimination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 541 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 541 9 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 541 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 541 11 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 12 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 13 self self JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 14 ribonucleic ribonucleic NN cord-350836-1enteev7 541 15 acids acid NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 541 16 Defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 17 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 541 18 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 541 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 542 1 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 542 2 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 542 3 processes process VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 542 4 Defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 542 5 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 542 6 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 543 1 Further further JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 543 2 characterization characterization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 543 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 543 4 Sendai Sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 543 5 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 543 6 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 543 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 543 8 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 543 9 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 544 1 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 544 2 model model NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 3 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 5 generation generation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 6 Structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 544 8 origin origin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 544 11 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 12 class class NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 14 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 15 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 544 16 particle particle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 18 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 19 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 20 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 21 Activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 544 24 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 25 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 26 promoter promoter NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 27 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 28 unnatural unnatural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 29 sendai sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 544 30 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 31 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 32 requires require VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 34 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 544 35 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 36 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 544 37 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 38 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 39 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 40 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 41 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 42 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 544 43 Preference preference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 44 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 45 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 46 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 544 47 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 544 48 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 49 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 50 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 51 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 544 52 molecules molecule NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 544 53 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 54 infected infected JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 55 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 544 56 revealed reveal VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 57 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 58 nextgeneration nextgeneration NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 59 sequencing sequence VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 544 60 Differential differential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 61 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 62 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 63 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 64 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 544 65 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 66 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 67 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 544 68 I. I. NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 544 69 Virulence Virulence NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 544 70 PACT PACT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 544 71 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 544 72 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 544 73 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 74 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 544 75 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 76 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 544 77 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 544 78 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 79 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 544 80 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 545 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 545 3 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 5 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 545 6 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 545 7 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 545 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 545 9 derived derive VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 10 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 11 measles measles NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 545 12 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 13 vaccine vaccine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 14 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 16 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 545 17 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 18 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 545 19 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 20 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 21 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 545 22 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 545 23 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 545 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 545 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 546 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 546 2 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 547 2 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 547 3 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 4 panhandle panhandle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 5 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 6 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 547 7 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 547 8 involved involve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 11 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 547 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 547 13 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 547 15 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 547 16 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 548 2 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 4 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 5 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 6 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 7 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 548 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 548 9 DI DI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 548 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 548 11 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 548 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 548 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 14 progenitor progenitor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 15 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 548 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 548 17 participates participate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 18 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 548 20 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 21 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 22 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 23 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 548 25 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 26 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 27 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 548 29 early early JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 30 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 31 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 32 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 33 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 548 34 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 35 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 36 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 37 sendai sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 548 38 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 548 39 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 548 40 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 548 41 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 549 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 549 2 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 3 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 4 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 5 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 549 7 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 8 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 549 9 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 549 10 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 11 enhancing enhance VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 549 12 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 13 cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 14 maturation maturation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 15 Defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 16 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 549 17 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 18 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 19 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 549 20 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 549 21 time time NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 22 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 549 23 reevaluate reevaluate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 549 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 25 clinical clinical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 26 potential potential NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 27 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 28 broad broad JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 549 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 549 30 spectrum spectrum NN cord-350836-1enteev7 549 31 antivirals antiviral NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 549 32 ? ? . cord-350836-1enteev7 550 1 Biology biology NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 3 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 4 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 550 5 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 6 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 550 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 8 elderly elderly JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 9 persons person NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 550 10 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 550 13 elderly elderly JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 14 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 550 15 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 550 16 immunological immunological JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 17 perspective perspective NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 18 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 550 21 elderly elderly JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 22 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 550 25 elderly elderly JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 26 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 550 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 550 28 challenge challenge NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 30 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 31 changes change NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 550 32 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 33 aging age VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 550 34 Aging age VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 550 35 impairs impair NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 550 36 both both CC cord-350836-1enteev7 550 37 primary primary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 38 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 550 39 secondary secondary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 40 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 41 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 550 42 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 550 43 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 550 44 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 45 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 46 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 47 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 550 48 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 550 49 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 1 Within within IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 551 3 season season NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 4 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 6 waning waning NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 7 suggests suggest VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 8 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 9 net net JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 10 benefits benefit NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 11 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 12 delayed delay VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 13 vaccination vaccination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 15 older old JJR cord-350836-1enteev7 551 16 adults adult NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 17 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 18 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 551 19 United United NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 20 States States NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 21 Viral Viral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 22 persistence persistence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 23 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 551 24 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 551 26 consequences consequence NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 27 Defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 551 29 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 551 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 551 31 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 32 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 33 re re VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 34 - - VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 35 explored explore VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 36 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 551 37 impact impact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 38 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 39 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 40 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 41 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 551 42 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 43 persistence persistence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 44 Multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 45 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 551 46 hit hit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 47 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 48 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 49 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 50 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 51 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 52 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 551 53 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 54 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 551 55 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 56 phosphoserine phosphoserine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 57 motif motif NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 58 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 59 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 551 60 LCMV LCMV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 61 matrix matrix NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 62 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 63 Z Z NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 64 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 65 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 551 66 release release NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 67 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 68 infectious infectious JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 69 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 70 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 551 71 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 72 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 551 73 particles particle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 74 Hostdriven Hostdriven NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 75 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 76 appears appear VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 77 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 551 78 regulate regulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 551 79 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 551 80 budding bud VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 551 81 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 82 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 83 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 551 84 lassa lassa NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 85 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 86 matrix matrix NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 87 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 88 RIGorous RIGorous NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 89 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 90 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 551 91 exposing expose VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 551 92 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 93 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 94 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 95 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 96 Gain gain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 97 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 551 98 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 99 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 551 100 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 101 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 102 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 103 IFIH1 ifih1 PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 104 cause cause VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 105 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 551 106 spectrum spectrum NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 107 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 108 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 109 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 110 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 551 111 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 112 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 113 upregulated upregulated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 551 114 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 115 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 551 116 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 551 117 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 551 118 Breaching breach VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 551 119 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 120 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 551 121 tolerance tolerance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 551 122 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 552 1 Alu Alu NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 552 2 duplex duplex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 552 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 552 4 underlies underlie VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 553 1 MDA5-mediated mda5-mediated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 553 2 inflammation inflammation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 3 Aicardi Aicardi NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 553 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 553 5 Goutières Goutières NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 553 6 syndrome syndrome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 553 8 caused cause VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 9 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 10 IFIH1 IFIH1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 553 11 mutations mutation NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 553 12 Autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 553 13 disorders disorder NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 553 14 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 15 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 16 gain gain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 18 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 553 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 553 21 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 553 22 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 554 1 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 554 2 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 554 3 conserved conserved JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 554 4 histidine histidine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 554 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 554 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 554 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 554 8 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 554 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 555 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 555 2 controls control VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 555 3 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 555 4 tolerance tolerance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 555 5 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 555 6 N1 N1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 555 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 555 8 2 2 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 555 9 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 556 1 O o UH cord-350836-1enteev7 556 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 556 3 methylated methylated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 556 4 Self Self NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 6 Highresolution Highresolution NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 7 HDX HDX NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 556 9 MS MS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 10 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 556 11 distinct distinct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 556 12 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 556 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 15 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 556 17 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 18 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 19 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 20 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 556 21 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 22 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 556 23 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 24 HDX HDX NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 25 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 556 26 MS MS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 27 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 556 28 dysregulated dysregulated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 556 29 checkpoints checkpoint NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 556 30 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 556 31 compromise compromise VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 32 discrimination discrimination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 33 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 34 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 556 36 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 556 37 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 557 2 mediated mediate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 557 3 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 4 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 5 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 6 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 7 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 557 8 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 10 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 557 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 14 prevents prevent VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 15 unintentional unintentional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 16 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 18 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 557 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 21 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 557 22 brilliant brilliant JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 23 disguise disguise NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 24 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 25 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 27 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 557 28 5'-end 5'-end CD cord-350836-1enteev7 557 29 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 557 30 internal internal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 31 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 32 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 33 primary primary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 34 transcripts transcript NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 35 suppress suppress VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 36 elements element NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 37 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 38 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 39 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 40 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 41 modifications modification NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 42 go go VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 43 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 44 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 45 containing contain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 557 46 modified modify VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 47 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 48 fail fail VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 49 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 557 50 trigger trigger VB cord-350836-1enteev7 557 51 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 52 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 557 53 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 54 conformational conformational JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 55 changes change NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 56 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 57 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 58 immune immune NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 59 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 557 60 Links link NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 557 61 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 62 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 63 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 557 64 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 65 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 66 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 67 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 68 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 557 69 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 557 70 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 71 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 557 72 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 558 1 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 558 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 558 3 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 558 4 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 558 5 regulator regulator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 558 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 558 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 558 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 558 9 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 558 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 558 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 558 12 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 558 13 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 558 14 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 559 2 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 3 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 559 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 5 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 6 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 7 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 8 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 9 insights insight NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 10 into into IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 11 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 559 13 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 15 signalling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 559 16 Kinetic kinetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 17 discrimination discrimination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 19 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 20 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 559 21 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 22 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 23 self self JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 25 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 26 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 559 27 ATPase ATPase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 28 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 31 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 559 32 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 559 34 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 35 Cryo Cryo NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 36 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 559 37 EM EM NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 38 structures structure NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 39 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 40 MDA5-dsRNA MDA5-dsRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 41 filaments filament NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 42 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 43 different different JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 44 stages stage NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 45 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 46 ATP ATP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 47 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 48 Circular Circular NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 49 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 50 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 559 51 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 559 52 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 53 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 54 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 55 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 56 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 57 coding coding JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 58 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 59 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 559 60 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 61 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 62 implications implication NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 63 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 64 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 65 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 66 Sensing Sensing NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 559 67 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 68 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 559 69 foreign foreign JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 70 circular circular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 559 71 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 559 72 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 73 intron intron NN cord-350836-1enteev7 559 74 identity identity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 560 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 560 2 SKIV2L SKIV2L NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 560 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 560 4 exosome exosome NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 560 5 limits limit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 560 6 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 560 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 560 8 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 560 9 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 560 10 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 560 11 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 560 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 560 13 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 560 14 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 560 15 Induction Induction NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 560 16 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 560 17 selenoprotein selenoprotein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 560 18 P P NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 560 19 mRNA mrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 560 20 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 1 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 2 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 3 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 4 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 5 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 561 8 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 561 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 12 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 13 Human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 14 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 15 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 16 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 17 coding coding JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 19 LncATV LncATV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 20 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 21 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 22 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 23 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 24 restricting restrict VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 561 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 561 27 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 28 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 561 29 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 30 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 31 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 32 Immunostimulatory Immunostimulatory NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 33 effects effect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 561 34 triggered trigger VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 35 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 36 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 37 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 561 38 assembled assemble VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 39 microspheres microsphere NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 561 40 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 41 tandem tandem NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 42 repeats repeat NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 561 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 44 polymerized polymerize VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 46 strands strand NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 561 47 LINE1 LINE1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 48 contributes contribute VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 561 49 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 50 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 51 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 52 both both DT cord-350836-1enteev7 561 53 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 561 54 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 561 55 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 56 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 561 57 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 561 58 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 59 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 561 60 sensing sense VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 561 61 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 562 1 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 2 unmasking unmasking NN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 4 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 5 5S 5S NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 562 6 rRNA rRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 562 7 pseudogene pseudogene NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 562 8 transcripts transcript NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 562 9 induces induce VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 10 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 562 12 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 562 14 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 15 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 16 Mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 17 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 562 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 562 19 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 20 infections infection NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 562 21 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 562 22 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 562 23 close close JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 24 nexus nexus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 25 Mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 26 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 562 27 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 562 28 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 29 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 562 30 triggers trigger NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 562 31 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 562 32 signalling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 562 33 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 563 1 humans human NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 2 Apoptotic apoptotic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 3 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 4 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 5 release release VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 563 6 small small JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 7 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 8 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 9 loaded load VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 563 10 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 563 11 immunostimulatory immunostimulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 12 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 563 14 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 15 Interferons interferon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 563 17 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 18 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 563 19 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 563 20 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 21 arms arm NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 22 race race NN cord-350836-1enteev7 563 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 563 24 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 25 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 26 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 563 27 evasion evasion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 563 28 strategies strategy NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 563 29 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 563 30 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 564 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 564 3 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 564 4 -a -a : cord-350836-1enteev7 564 5 summary summary NN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 7 recent recent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 564 8 developments development NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 564 9 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 564 10 evasion evasion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 12 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 564 13 DNA DNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 564 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 564 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 564 16 sensing sense VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 564 17 Ten ten CD cord-350836-1enteev7 564 18 strategies strategy NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 564 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 20 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 21 evasion evasion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 22 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 564 23 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 565 1 Segmented segmented JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 565 2 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 565 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 565 4 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 565 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 565 6 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 565 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 565 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 566 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 566 2 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 566 3 divide divide VB cord-350836-1enteev7 566 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 566 5 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 566 6 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 566 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 566 8 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 566 9 rule rule VB cord-350836-1enteev7 566 10 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 566 11 A A NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 566 12 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 566 13 understanding understand VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 566 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 566 15 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 566 16 life life NN cord-350836-1enteev7 566 17 cycle cycle NN cord-350836-1enteev7 566 18 Nuclear Nuclear NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 566 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 566 20 resident resident NN cord-350836-1enteev7 566 21 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 567 2 senses sense VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 567 3 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 567 4 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 5 inducing induce VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 567 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 567 7 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 8 Processing processing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 10 genome genome NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 11 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 567 12 ′ ′ CD cord-350836-1enteev7 567 13 termini terminus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 567 14 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 567 16 strategy strategy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 18 negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 567 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 567 20 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 567 22 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 567 23 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 567 24 avoid avoid VB cord-350836-1enteev7 567 25 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 567 27 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 28 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 567 29 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 567 30 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 567 31 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 568 2 microRNA microRNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 3 miR-485 miR-485 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 4 targets targets NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 5 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 568 7 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 8 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 9 transcripts transcript NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 568 10 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 568 11 regulate regulate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 568 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 13 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 14 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 568 15 restrict restrict VB cord-350836-1enteev7 568 16 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 17 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 18 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 568 19 single single JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 20 amino amino NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 21 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 22 substitution substitution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 23 within within IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 24 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 568 25 paramyxovirus paramyxovirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 26 sendai sendai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 27 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 28 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 29 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 30 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 568 31 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 32 determinant determinant NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 33 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 34 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 35 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 36 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 37 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 568 38 betainducing betainduce VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 568 39 copyback copyback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 40 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 568 41 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 42 defective defective JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 43 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 568 44 genomes genome NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 568 45 Mini mini JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 46 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 47 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 568 48 act act VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 49 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 50 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 51 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 52 agonists agonist NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 568 53 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 54 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 55 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 56 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 57 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 58 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 568 59 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 60 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 568 61 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 62 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 63 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 64 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 65 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 66 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 568 67 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 68 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 69 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 70 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 71 restricts restrict VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 72 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 73 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 568 74 strand strand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 75 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 76 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 77 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 78 Visualization visualization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 79 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 80 arenavirus arenavirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 81 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 82 species specie NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 568 83 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 84 individual individual JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 85 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 568 86 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 87 singlemolecule singlemolecule JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 568 88 fluorescence fluorescence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 89 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 90 situ situ NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 91 hybridization hybridization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 568 92 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 568 93 smFISH smFISH NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 568 94 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 569 1 suggests suggest VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 569 2 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 569 3 model model NN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 5 cyclical cyclical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 569 6 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 569 8 clearance clearance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 9 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 10 persistence persistence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 11 Structure Structure NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 569 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 569 14 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 569 15 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 16 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 569 17 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 569 18 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 569 19 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 569 20 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 569 21 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 569 22 3 3 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 569 23 ' ' '' cord-350836-1enteev7 569 24 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 25 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 569 26 ' ' '' cord-350836-1enteev7 569 27 exonuclease exonuclease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 28 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 29 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 569 30 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 569 31 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 569 32 suppression suppression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 2 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 570 3 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 570 4 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 5 vivo vivo FW cord-350836-1enteev7 570 6 characterizations characterization NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 570 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 8 pichinde pichinde NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 570 9 viral viral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 570 10 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 570 11 exoribonuclease exoribonuclease NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 570 12 functions function VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 13 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 14 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 570 16 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 17 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 570 20 SARS SARS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 570 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 22 nsp14-nsp10 nsp14-nsp10 RB cord-350836-1enteev7 570 23 complex complex JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 24 Characterization characterization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 25 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 26 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 570 27 bafinivirus bafinivirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 28 exoribonuclease exoribonuclease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 29 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 30 Regulation Regulation NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 570 31 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 32 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 570 34 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 35 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 570 36 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 37 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 38 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 570 39 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 40 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 41 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 570 42 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 43 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 570 44 Human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 45 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 46 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 47 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 48 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 49 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 50 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 51 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 52 NS2 NS2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 570 53 antagonizes antagonize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 570 54 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 570 55 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 56 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 57 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 58 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 59 transcription transcription NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 60 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 61 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 570 62 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 63 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 570 64 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 570 65 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 571 2 Z z NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 3 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 571 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 5 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 6 but but CC cord-350836-1enteev7 571 7 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 571 8 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 9 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 10 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 11 arenaviruses arenavirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 571 12 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 571 15 i i PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 571 17 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 18 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 571 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 21 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 22 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 23 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 571 24 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 25 deamidase deamidase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 26 targets target VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 571 28 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 29 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 30 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 31 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 32 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 571 33 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 34 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 571 35 block block VB cord-350836-1enteev7 571 36 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 37 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 571 38 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 39 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 40 Interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 571 41 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 42 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 571 43 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 44 A A NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 45 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 46 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 47 polymerase polymerase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 48 components component NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 571 49 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 571 50 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 51 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 52 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 571 53 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 571 54 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 55 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 56 Exonuclease Exonuclease NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 57 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 58 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 59 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 571 60 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 571 61 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 571 62 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 572 1 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 572 2 critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 572 3 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 572 4 avoid avoid VB cord-350836-1enteev7 572 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 573 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 573 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 573 3 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 573 4 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 573 5 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 573 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 573 7 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 573 8 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 573 9 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 573 10 Arenaviral Arenaviral NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 573 11 nucleoproteins nucleoprotein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 573 12 suppress suppress VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 573 13 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 573 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 573 15 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 573 16 augmentation augmentation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 573 17 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 573 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 574 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 574 2 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 574 3 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 574 4 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 574 5 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 575 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 575 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 575 3 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 576 1 Rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 2 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 3 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 4 structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 5 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 576 6 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 576 7 antagonizes antagonize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 8 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 9 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 10 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 576 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 576 12 interacting interact VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 576 13 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 576 14 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 15 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 576 16 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 576 17 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 577 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 2 Paramyxovirus Paramyxovirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 3 V V NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 4 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 577 5 disrupt disrupt VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 577 7 fold fold NN cord-350836-1enteev7 577 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 577 9 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 577 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 11 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 577 12 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 577 14 inhibit inhibit VB cord-350836-1enteev7 577 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 577 16 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 577 17 Paramyxovirus Paramyxovirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 18 V V NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 19 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 577 20 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 577 21 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 577 22 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 577 23 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 578 1 -I -I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 578 2 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 578 3 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 578 4 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 578 5 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 578 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 578 7 inhibit inhibit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 579 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 580 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 580 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 580 3 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 580 4 simplex simplex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 580 5 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 1 1 1 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 581 2 tegument tegument NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 3 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 4 US11 US11 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 581 5 downmodulates downmodulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 581 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 581 7 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 581 8 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 581 9 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 10 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 11 direct direct JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 581 12 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 13 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 14 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 15 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 581 16 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 581 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 581 18 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 581 19 Host Host NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 581 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 581 21 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 581 22 modulation modulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 24 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 25 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 581 26 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 27 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 581 28 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 29 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 581 30 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 581 31 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 582 1 Front Front NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 582 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 582 3 USP3 USP3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 582 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 582 5 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 583 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 583 2 interferon interferon VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 583 3 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 583 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 583 5 deubiquitinating deubiquitinate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 583 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 583 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 583 8 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 583 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 583 10 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 583 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 584 1 USP14 USP14 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 584 2 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 584 3 K63-linked K63-linked NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 584 4 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 2 deubiquitination deubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 3 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 585 4 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 585 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 585 6 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 585 7 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 585 8 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 10 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 585 11 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 13 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 585 14 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 16 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 17 B B NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 18 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 19 X x NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 20 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 21 Porcine Porcine NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 22 deltacoronavirus deltacoronavirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 23 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 24 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 25 suppressed suppress VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 585 26 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 27 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 585 28 β β NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 29 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 30 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 31 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 585 32 porcine porcine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 585 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 585 34 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 585 35 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 585 36 dsRNA dsrna RB cord-350836-1enteev7 585 37 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 585 38 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 585 39 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 585 40 K63-linked k63-linked JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 585 41 polyubiquitination polyubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 586 1 Ubiquitin Ubiquitin NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 586 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 586 3 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 586 4 modifier modifier NN cord-350836-1enteev7 586 5 FAT10 FAT10 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 586 6 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 586 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 586 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 586 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 586 10 mediated mediate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 586 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 586 12 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 586 13 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 586 14 segregating segregate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 586 15 activated activate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 586 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 586 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 586 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 586 19 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 586 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 586 21 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 586 22 platform platform NN cord-350836-1enteev7 587 1 Robust robust JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 587 2 Lys63-linked lys63-linke VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 587 3 ubiquitination ubiquitination NN cord-350836-1enteev7 587 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 587 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 1 -I -i WP cord-350836-1enteev7 588 2 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 588 3 cytokine cytokine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 588 4 eruption eruption NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 6 early early JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 588 7 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 8 B b NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 9 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 10 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 11 Antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 588 12 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 14 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 588 15 OASL OASL NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 588 16 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 17 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 588 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 20 enhancing enhance VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 588 21 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 588 22 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 23 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 588 24 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 25 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 588 26 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 588 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 588 28 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 29 Negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 588 30 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 31 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 588 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 34 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 588 35 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 36 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 588 37 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 588 39 ubiquitin ubiquitin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 588 40 ligase ligase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 1 RNF125 RNF125 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 589 2 Induction Induction NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 589 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 4 Siglec Siglec NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 589 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 589 6 G G NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 589 7 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 589 9 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 589 10 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 589 11 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 589 12 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 589 13 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 589 14 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 15 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 16 promoting promote VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 589 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 18 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 589 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 589 20 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 21 Cytoplasmic Cytoplasmic NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 589 22 STAT4 stat4 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 589 23 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 589 24 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 589 25 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 590 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 590 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 590 3 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 590 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 590 5 blocking block VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 590 6 CHIPmediated chipmediated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 590 7 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 590 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 590 9 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 591 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 591 2 kai kai NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 591 3 LRRC25 LRRC25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 591 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 591 5 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 592 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 592 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 592 3 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 592 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 592 5 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 592 6 ISG15-associated ISG15-associated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 592 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 592 8 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 592 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 592 10 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 592 11 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 592 12 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 593 1 LRRC59 LRRC59 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 593 2 modulates modulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 593 3 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 594 2 interferon interferon RB cord-350836-1enteev7 594 3 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 594 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 5 restraining restrain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 594 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 594 7 SQSTM1 SQSTM1 NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 594 8 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 594 9 p62-mediated p62-mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 10 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 594 11 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 13 pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 14 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 15 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 594 16 DDX58 DDX58 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 594 17 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 594 18 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 1 -I -I NFP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 2 Mitophagy Mitophagy NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 3 enhances enhance VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 4 oncolytic oncolytic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 5 measles measles NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 6 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 7 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 9 mitigating mitigate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 595 10 DDX58 DDX58 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 11 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 595 12 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 13 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 595 14 Ilike Ilike NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 15 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 16 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 595 17 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 18 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 595 19 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 20 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 21 cleaved cleave VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 22 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 23 picornavirus picornavirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 24 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 25 Foot Foot NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 26 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 595 27 andmouth andmouth NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 28 disease disease NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 29 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 30 viroporin viroporin NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 31 2B 2B NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 32 antagonizes antagonize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 33 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 34 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 595 35 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 36 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 595 37 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 38 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 39 effects effect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 595 40 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 41 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 42 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 44 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 45 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 46 MDA-5 MDA-5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 47 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 48 cleaved cleave VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 49 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 50 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 51 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 595 52 infected infect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 595 53 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 595 54 RNF122 RNF122 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 595 55 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 56 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 595 57 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 596 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 596 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 596 3 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 596 4 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 596 5 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 596 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 597 1 -I -I JJS cord-350836-1enteev7 597 2 CARDs card NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 597 3 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 597 4 mediate mediate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 597 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 597 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 597 7 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 598 1 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 598 2 MLL5 MLL5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 598 3 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 598 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 598 5 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 598 6 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 598 7 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 598 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 598 9 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 598 10 STUB1-mediated STUB1-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 598 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 598 12 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 598 13 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 598 14 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 599 2 levels level NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 599 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 4 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 599 5 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 599 7 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 599 8 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 599 10 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 599 11 regulated regulate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 12 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 13 heat heat NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 14 shock shock NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 15 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 16 90-alpha 90-alpha CD cord-350836-1enteev7 599 17 PACT PACT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 599 18 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 599 19 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 599 20 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 599 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 599 22 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 599 24 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 599 25 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 26 acts act VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 599 27 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 28 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 599 29 positive positive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 599 30 regulator regulator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 31 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 599 32 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 600 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 600 2 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 600 3 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 600 4 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 600 5 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 600 6 Newcastle Newcastle NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 600 7 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 600 8 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 601 2 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 601 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 601 4 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 5 RNA rna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 601 7 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 601 8 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 9 PACT PACT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 601 10 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 601 11 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 12 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 601 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 601 14 activator activator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 15 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 16 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 17 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 601 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 601 19 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 601 20 facilitate facilitate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 601 21 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 601 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 601 23 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 24 TBK1-associated TBK1-associated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 601 25 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 601 27 endolysosomes endolysosomes NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 602 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 602 2 TAPE)/CC2D1A tape)/cc2d1a NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 3 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 602 5 key key JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 6 regulator regulator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 7 linking link VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 602 8 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 602 10 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 11 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 602 12 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 13 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 602 14 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 15 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 16 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 17 Cell cell NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 18 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 602 20 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 21 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 22 localization localization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 24 phospho phospho NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 602 25 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 602 26 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 602 27 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 28 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 29 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 602 30 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 31 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 602 32 DNA DNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 602 33 Zika Zika NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 602 34 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 603 1 disrupts disrupt VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 603 2 phospho phospho NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 603 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 603 4 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 603 5 localization localization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 603 6 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 603 7 mitosis mitosis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 603 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 603 9 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 603 10 neuroepithelial neuroepithelial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 603 11 stem stem NN cord-350836-1enteev7 603 12 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 603 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 603 14 radial radial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 603 15 glia glia NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 603 16 Zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 603 17 MVP MVP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 603 18 recruits recruit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 603 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 603 20 degrades degrade VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 603 21 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 603 22 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 603 23 suppress suppress VB cord-350836-1enteev7 603 24 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 603 25 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 604 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 604 2 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 604 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 604 4 optineurin optineurin NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 604 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 604 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 604 7 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 605 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 605 2 interferon interferon VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 605 3 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 606 1 Structural structural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 606 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 606 3 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 606 4 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 606 5 reveals reveal VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 606 6 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 606 7 human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 606 8 OASL OASL NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 606 9 binds bind VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 606 10 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 606 11 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 606 12 enhance enhance VB cord-350836-1enteev7 606 13 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 607 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 607 3 Reversal reversal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 4 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 607 6 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 607 8 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 607 9 phenotype phenotype NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 607 12 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 13 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 14 lacking lack VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 607 15 E3L e3l RB cord-350836-1enteev7 607 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 17 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 607 20 reovirus reovirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 21 S4 S4 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 22 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 23 Human Human NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 24 TRBP TRBP NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 607 26 PACT PACT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 27 directly directly RB cord-350836-1enteev7 607 28 interact interact VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 29 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 30 each each DT cord-350836-1enteev7 607 31 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 607 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 607 33 associate associate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 607 34 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 35 dicer dicer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 36 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 607 37 facilitate facilitate VB cord-350836-1enteev7 607 38 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 607 39 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 40 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 41 small small JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 607 42 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 607 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 44 Approaching approach VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 607 45 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 607 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 47 ligand ligand NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 48 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 49 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 607 50 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 607 51 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 607 52 ? ? . cord-350836-1enteev7 608 1 Viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 608 2 inhibitions inhibition NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 608 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 608 4 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 608 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 608 6 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 608 7 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 609 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 609 2 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 609 3 Hemorrhagic hemorrhagic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 609 4 fever fever NN cord-350836-1enteev7 609 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 609 6 causing cause VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 609 7 arenaviruses arenavirus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 609 8 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 609 9 lethal lethal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 609 10 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 609 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 609 12 potent potent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 609 13 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 609 14 suppressors suppressor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 610 1 Porcine porcine JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 610 2 deltacoronavirus deltacoronavirus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 3 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 4 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 5 antagonizes antagonize VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 610 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 610 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 610 8 β β NN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 9 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 10 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 11 impairing impair VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 610 12 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 610 14 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 15 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 610 16 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 610 17 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 611 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 611 2 RAVER1 raver1 NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 3 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 4 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 611 5 coactivator coactivator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 7 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 611 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 10 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 11 Human human JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 12 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 13 subunit subunit NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 14 beta beta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 15 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 611 16 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 17 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 611 18 pleiotropic pleiotropic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 19 regulator regulator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 611 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 23 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 611 24 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 611 25 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 611 26 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 611 27 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 28 innate innate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 611 29 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 30 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 611 31 PACT PACT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 611 32 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 611 33 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 611 34 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 35 activator activator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 36 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 37 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 611 38 interferoninduced interferoninduced JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 611 39 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 40 kinase kinase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 611 41 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 611 42 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 612 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 612 2 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 4 PACT pact NN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 6 mediating mediate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 612 7 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 8 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 9 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 612 10 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 612 11 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 612 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 612 14 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 15 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 16 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 17 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 612 18 diverse diverse JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 612 19 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 612 20 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 612 21 enhances enhance VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 612 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 613 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 613 3 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 4 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 613 5 PKRmediated pkrmediated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 7 stress stress NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 8 granule granule NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 9 formation formation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 10 Regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 11 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 13 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 14 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 15 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 613 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 17 stress stress NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 613 19 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 613 21 granules granule NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 613 22 Critical critical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 23 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 25 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 613 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 27 stress stress NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 28 granule granule NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 29 containing contain VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 613 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 31 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 613 32 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 613 33 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 613 34 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 613 35 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 36 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 37 detection detection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 38 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 613 39 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 613 40 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 41 Subcellular Subcellular NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 613 42 localizations localization NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 613 43 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 44 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 45 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 613 46 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 613 47 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 613 48 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 613 49 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 613 50 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 613 51 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 613 52 complexes complex NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 614 1 PKR PKR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 614 2 transduces transduces NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 615 1 MDA5-dependent MDA5-dependent NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 615 2 signals signal NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 615 3 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 615 4 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 616 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 616 2 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 616 3 induction induction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 1 Interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 617 3 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 617 4 oligoadenylate oligoadenylate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 5 synthetase synthetase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 617 7 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 617 8 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 9 acts act NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 617 10 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 11 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 617 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 617 13 effector effector NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 14 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 15 classical classical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 617 16 swine swine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 17 fever fever NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 18 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 19 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 617 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 617 21 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 617 22 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 618 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 618 2 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 618 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 618 4 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 618 5 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 618 6 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 618 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 618 8 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 619 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 619 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 619 3 MDA5-dependent MDA5-dependent NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 619 4 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 619 5 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 619 6 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 619 7 gC1qR gC1qR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 619 8 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 619 9 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 619 10 TARBP2 TARBP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 619 11 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 619 12 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 619 13 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 619 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 619 15 β β NN cord-350836-1enteev7 619 16 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 619 17 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 619 18 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 619 19 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 619 20 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 619 21 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 619 22 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 619 23 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 619 24 Lactate Lactate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 620 1 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 620 2 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 620 3 natural natural JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 620 4 suppressor suppressor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 620 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 620 6 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 620 7 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 620 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 620 9 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 620 10 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 620 11 NLRC5 NLRC5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 620 12 negatively negatively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 620 13 regulates regulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 620 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 620 15 NF NF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 620 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 620 17 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 620 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 620 19 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 621 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 621 2 interferon interferon RB cord-350836-1enteev7 621 3 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 621 4 pathways pathway NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 622 1 DHX15 DHX15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 622 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 622 3 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 622 4 coreceptor coreceptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 5 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 6 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 622 7 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 8 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 622 9 promotes promote VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 622 10 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 622 11 defense defense NN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 12 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 622 14 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 15 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 16 ARFlike arflike IN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 17 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 622 18 16 16 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 623 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 623 2 ARL16 ARL16 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 623 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 623 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 623 5 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 6 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 623 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 623 8 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 9 binding bind VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 623 10 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 623 12 C c NN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 13 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 623 14 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 15 domain domain NN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 17 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 623 18 GTP gtp NN cord-350836-1enteev7 623 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 623 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 623 21 manner manner NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 1 Negative negative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 2 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 4 melanoma melanoma NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 5 differentiation differentiation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 624 7 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 8 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 9 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 624 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 624 11 MDA5)-dependent mda5)-dependent CD cord-350836-1enteev7 624 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 13 innate innate VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 624 14 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 15 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 624 16 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 17 Arf Arf NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 624 18 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 624 19 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 20 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 21 5B 5b NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 22 Green Green NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 624 23 tea tea NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 24 catechin catechin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 25 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 624 26 epigallocatechin epigallocatechin NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 624 27 gallate gallate NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 624 28 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 624 29 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 30 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 624 31 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 624 33 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 34 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 35 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 36 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 37 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 38 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 624 39 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 624 40 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 624 41 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 42 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 43 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 624 44 DEAD dead JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 624 45 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 46 protein protein NN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 47 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 624 48 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 624 49 hyperthermophile hyperthermophile NN cord-350836-1enteev7 625 1 Methanococcus Methanococcus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 625 2 jannaschii jannaschii NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 625 3 Unlocking unlock VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 625 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 625 5 DEAD DEAD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 625 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 625 7 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 625 8 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 625 9 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 625 10 key key NN cord-350836-1enteev7 625 11 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 625 12 cryptococcal cryptococcal JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 625 13 virulence virulence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 625 14 ? ? . cord-350836-1enteev7 626 1 Sensors sensor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 626 2 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 626 3 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 626 4 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 626 5 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 626 6 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 626 7 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 626 8 PRRs prr NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 626 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 626 10 fish fish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 626 11 Association Association NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 626 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 626 13 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 627 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 627 2 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 627 3 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 627 4 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 627 5 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 627 6 ducks duck NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 627 7 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 627 8 influenza influenza VB cord-350836-1enteev7 627 9 Pathogen Pathogen NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 627 10 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 627 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 627 12 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 627 13 channel channel NN cord-350836-1enteev7 627 14 catfish catfish NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 627 15 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 627 16 II II NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 627 17 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 628 1 Identification identification NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 2 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 628 3 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 628 5 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 7 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 628 8 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 628 10 inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 628 11 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 12 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 628 14 RIG RIG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 628 15 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 628 16 I)-like I)-like NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 628 17 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 628 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 628 19 RLRs rlr NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 628 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 628 21 Goose Goose NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 628 22 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 23 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 628 24 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 628 25 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 628 26 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 27 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 628 28 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 29 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 30 Newcastle Newcastle NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 628 31 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 32 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 628 33 infections infection NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 629 1 Innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 629 2 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 629 3 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 629 4 finfish finfish JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 629 5 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 629 6 primordial primordial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 629 7 conservation conservation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 629 8 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 629 9 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 629 10 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 629 11 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 629 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 629 13 sensors sensor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 629 14 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 629 15 teleosts teleost NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 630 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 2 study study NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 3 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 4 pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 5 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 6 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 630 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 8 non non JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 9 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 10 teleost teleost JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 11 ray ray NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 630 13 finned fin VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 14 fishes fish NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 630 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 630 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 17 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 18 significance significance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 20 primitive primitive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 21 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 630 22 Genomic genomic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 23 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 24 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 630 25 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 26 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 28 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 630 29 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 30 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 630 31 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 32 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 630 33 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 34 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 630 35 NOD nod VB cord-350836-1enteev7 630 36 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 630 37 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 630 38 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 630 39 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 630 40 reptiles reptile NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 631 1 NOD NOD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 631 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 631 3 LRR LRR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 631 4 PROTEINS protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 631 5 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 631 6 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 631 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 631 8 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 631 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 631 10 microbial microbial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 631 11 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 631 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 631 13 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 631 14 disease disease NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 1 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 632 2 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 632 3 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 632 4 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 632 5 overview overview NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 6 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 632 8 caspases caspase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 632 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 632 10 caspase-1-related caspase-1-related NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 632 11 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 632 13 only only RB cord-350836-1enteev7 632 14 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 632 15 NACHT NACHT NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 632 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 632 17 LRR LRR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 632 18 proteins protein NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 632 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 632 20 NLRs NLRs NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 632 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 632 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 23 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 632 24 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 632 26 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 27 Molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 632 28 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 30 glutamate glutamate NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 31 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 632 32 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 632 33 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 632 34 primitive primitive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 632 35 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 36 mechanism mechanism NN cord-350836-1enteev7 632 37 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 632 38 existed exist VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 632 39 before before IN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 1 plants plant NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 633 2 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 633 3 animals animal NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 633 4 diverged diverge VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 633 5 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 633 6 origin origin NN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 8 polynucleotide polynucleotide NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 633 9 phosphorylase phosphorylase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 633 10 domains domain VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 633 11 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 12 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 633 13 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 14 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 633 15 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 633 16 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 633 17 evolved evolve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 18 adaptively adaptively RB cord-350836-1enteev7 633 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 20 mammals mammal NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 633 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 633 22 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 23 parallel parallel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 633 24 evolution evolution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 25 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 26 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 633 27 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 633 28 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 29 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 633 30 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 633 31 Identification identification NN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 32 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 633 33 characterization characterization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 34 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 633 35 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 633 36 atypical atypical JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 633 37 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 634 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 634 2 encoded encode VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 634 3 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 634 4 planarian planarian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 634 5 Dugesia Dugesia NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 634 6 japonica japonica NN cord-350836-1enteev7 634 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 634 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 634 9 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 634 10 role role NN cord-350836-1enteev7 634 11 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 634 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 634 13 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 634 14 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 634 15 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 634 16 elegans elegan VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 634 17 RIG- RIG- NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 635 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 636 1 homolog homolog NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 2 mediates mediate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 3 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 636 5 interference interference NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 6 downstream downstream RB cord-350836-1enteev7 636 7 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 8 dicer dicer NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 636 10 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 11 biogenesis biogenesis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 13 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 14 small small JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 15 interfering interfere VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 636 16 RNAs rna NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 636 17 Nucleic nucleic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 18 acid acid NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 19 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 636 20 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 21 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 22 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 24 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 636 25 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 636 26 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 636 27 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 636 28 perspective perspective NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 29 Non Non NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 636 30 - - NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 31 self self NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 32 ' ' '' cord-350836-1enteev7 636 33 mutation mutation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 636 34 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 637 1 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 637 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 637 3 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 637 5 elicits elicit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 637 6 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 637 7 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 637 8 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 9 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 637 11 Drosophila drosophila JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 637 12 model model NN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 13 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 14 expanded expand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 15 CAG CAG NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 637 16 repeat repeat NN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 17 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 637 18 diseases disease NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 637 19 Plant Plant NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 637 20 pattern pattern NN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 21 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 637 22 recognition recognition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 23 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 637 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 637 25 silencing silence VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 637 26 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 637 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 637 28 suppression suppression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 29 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 637 30 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 637 31 insights insight NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 637 32 from from IN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 33 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 34 planta planta NN cord-350836-1enteev7 637 35 analyses analysis NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 638 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 638 2 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 638 3 regulator regulator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 638 4 BAK1 BAK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 638 5 contributes contribute VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 638 6 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 638 7 resistance resistance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 638 8 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 638 9 diverse diverse JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 638 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 638 11 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 639 1 SVCV SVCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 639 2 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 3 triggers trigger VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 639 4 fish fish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 5 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 639 6 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 7 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 8 RLR RLR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 639 9 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 639 10 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 11 Alternative alternative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 639 12 splicing splice VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 639 13 transcripts transcript NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 639 14 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 15 zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 16 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 639 17 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 18 differentially differentially RB cord-350836-1enteev7 639 19 contribute contribute VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 639 20 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 639 21 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 639 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 639 23 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 1 Inducible inducible JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 640 2 MicroRNA-3570 MicroRNA-3570 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 640 3 feedback feedback NN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 640 5 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 640 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 640 8 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 9 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 640 10 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 640 11 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 640 12 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 640 13 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 14 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 15 rhabdovirus rhabdovirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 640 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 17 teleost teleost NN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 18 fish fish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 19 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 640 20 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 640 21 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 641 1 /IPS-1 /IPS-1 NFP cord-350836-1enteev7 641 2 microRNA-210 microRNA-210 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 641 3 participates participate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 641 4 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 641 5 regulating regulate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 641 6 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 642 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 642 2 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 642 3 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 642 4 via via IN cord-350836-1enteev7 642 5 targeting target VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 642 6 DUBA DUBA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 642 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 642 8 miiuy miiuy NN cord-350836-1enteev7 642 9 croaker croaker NN cord-350836-1enteev7 642 10 after after IN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 1 poly(I poly(I NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 643 2 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 643 3 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 643 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 643 5 stimulation stimulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 6 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 643 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 643 8 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 643 9 acts act VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 643 10 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 11 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 643 12 key key JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 643 13 regulator regulator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 14 though though IN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 15 activating activate VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 643 16 NF nf NN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 17 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 643 18 κB κB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 643 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 643 20 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 643 21 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 22 RLRs rlr NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 643 23 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 24 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 25 mandarinfish mandarinfish NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 643 26 Higher Higher NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 643 27 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 643 28 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 29 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 643 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 644 1 -I -I . cord-350836-1enteev7 645 1 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 2 enhancing enhance VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 645 3 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 4 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 645 5 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 6 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 645 7 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 8 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 645 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 10 signaling signaling NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 13 long long JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 14 insertion insertion NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 15 variant variant NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 16 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 17 zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 18 Roles role NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 645 19 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 20 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 21 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 645 22 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 23 N N NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 24 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 645 25 terminal terminal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 26 tandem tandem NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 27 CARD card NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 28 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 645 29 splice splice NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 30 variant variant NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 31 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 32 TRIM25-mediated trim25-mediated JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 33 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 34 signal signal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 35 transduction transduction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 36 Activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 37 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 38 duck duck NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 39 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 40 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 645 41 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 42 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 43 TRIM25 TRIM25 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 44 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 45 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 46 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 47 anchored anchor VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 48 ubiquitin ubiquitin JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 49 Expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 50 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 51 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 52 genes gene NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 645 53 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 54 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 645 55 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 56 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 645 57 Mx Mx NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 58 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 59 mallard mallard NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 60 ducks duck NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 645 61 infected infect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 62 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 63 low low JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 64 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 65 avian avian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 645 66 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 645 68 LPAI LPAI NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 69 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 645 70 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 645 71 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 645 72 dataset dataset NN cord-350836-1enteev7 645 73 Duck Duck NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 645 74 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 646 1 -I -i WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 646 2 restricts restrict VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 646 3 duck duck NN cord-350836-1enteev7 646 4 enteritis enteritis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 646 5 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 646 6 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 1 In in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 2 vivo vivo NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 3 cellular cellular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 647 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 647 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 647 6 study study NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 7 on on IN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 8 duck duck NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 9 spleen spleen NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 647 10 infected infect VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 12 duck duck NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 13 Tembusu Tembusu NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 647 14 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 15 Identification identification NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 16 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 647 17 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 18 profiling profile VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 647 19 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 21 goose goose NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 22 melanoma melanoma NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 23 differentiation differentiation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 24 associated associate VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 647 25 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 647 26 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 648 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 648 2 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 648 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 648 4 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 648 5 Goose Goose NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 648 6 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 648 7 functions function VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 648 8 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 1 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 649 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 649 4 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 649 5 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 649 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 649 8 β β NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 649 9 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 649 10 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 11 Characterization characterization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 13 chicken chicken NN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 14 Mda5 Mda5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 649 15 activity activity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 16 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 649 17 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 18 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 19 IFNβ IFNβ NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 649 20 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 21 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 649 22 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 23 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 649 24 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 650 1 -I -i DT cord-350836-1enteev7 650 2 functionality functionality NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 1 Chicken chicken NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 2 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 651 3 sense sense VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 4 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 5 A a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 651 6 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 7 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 8 through through IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 9 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 10 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 651 11 CARDIF CARDIF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 12 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 651 13 involving involve VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 651 14 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 15 Chicken Chicken NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 16 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 17 senses sense VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 18 short short JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 19 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 651 20 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 651 21 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 23 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 24 implications implication NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 651 25 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 27 response response NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 28 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 29 avian avian JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 30 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 31 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 651 32 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 33 chicken chicken NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 34 Cloning cloning NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 651 36 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 37 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 651 38 bioinformatics bioinformatics NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 39 analysis analysis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 40 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 41 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 651 42 putative putative JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 43 pigeon pigeon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 44 melanoma melanoma NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 45 differentiation differentiation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 46 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 651 47 associated associate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 48 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 49 5 5 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 651 50 Loss loss NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 51 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 52 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 53 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 651 54 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 55 leads lead VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 56 to to IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 57 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 651 58 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 59 replacement replacement NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 60 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 61 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 651 62 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 63 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 651 64 Chinese chinese JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 651 65 tree tree NN cord-350836-1enteev7 651 66 shrew shrew NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 1 TRIM25 trim25 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 652 2 identification identification NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 3 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 652 5 Chinese chinese JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 652 6 goose goose NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 7 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 652 8 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 9 structure structure NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 652 11 tissue tissue NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 12 expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 13 profiles profile NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 652 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 652 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 652 16 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 652 17 immune immune JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 652 18 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 652 19 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 20 vivo vivo NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 21 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 652 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 23 vitro vitro FW cord-350836-1enteev7 652 24 Expression expression NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 652 26 functional functional JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 652 27 characterization characterization NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 29 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 652 30 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 652 32 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 33 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 652 34 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 652 35 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 652 36 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 652 37 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 652 38 LGP2 LGP2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 652 39 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 652 40 Rainbow Rainbow NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 652 41 trout trout NN cord-350836-1enteev7 653 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 653 2 Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 653 3 mykiss mykiss NN cord-350836-1enteev7 653 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 654 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 2 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 3 adaptation adaptation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 4 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 654 5 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 654 6 627 627 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 654 7 K K NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 654 8 modulates modulate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 654 9 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 654 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 11 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 12 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 654 13 pathogen pathogen NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 14 sensor sensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 15 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 16 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 654 17 I I NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 654 18 Multiple multiple JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 654 19 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 654 20 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 21 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 654 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 654 23 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 24 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 25 gene gene NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 26 regulation regulation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 27 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 654 28 tumorigenesis tumorigenesis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 654 29 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 654 30 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 654 31 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 654 32 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 655 2 helicase helicase NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 655 3 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 655 4 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 655 5 at at IN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 6 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 655 7 crossroad crossroad NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 9 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 655 10 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 11 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 655 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 655 13 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 14 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 655 15 blocks block VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 655 16 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 655 17 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 655 18 adaptor adaptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 19 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 655 20 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 655 21 evade evade VB cord-350836-1enteev7 655 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 655 23 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 24 defense defense NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 25 after after IN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 26 sensing sensing NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 27 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 28 abortive abortive JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 655 29 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 655 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 655 31 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 32 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 655 33 host host NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 34 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 655 35 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 656 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 656 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 656 3 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 656 4 DDX3X DDX3X NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 656 5 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 656 6 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 656 7 essential essential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 656 8 mediator mediator NN cord-350836-1enteev7 656 9 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 656 10 innate innate JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 656 11 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 656 12 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 656 13 DHX9 DHX9 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 656 14 pairs pair NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 656 15 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 656 16 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 656 17 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 656 18 sense sense VB cord-350836-1enteev7 656 19 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 656 20 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 656 21 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 656 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 656 23 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 656 24 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 656 25 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 656 26 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 657 1 DHX15 DHX15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 657 2 senses sense VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 657 3 doublestranded doublestrande VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 657 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 657 5 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 657 6 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 657 7 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 657 8 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 657 9 DDX1 DDX1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 657 10 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 657 11 DDX21 DDX21 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 657 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 657 13 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 657 14 DHX36 DHX36 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 657 15 helicases helicase NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 657 16 form form VB cord-350836-1enteev7 657 17 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 657 18 complex complex NN cord-350836-1enteev7 657 19 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 657 20 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 657 21 adaptor adaptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 657 22 molecule molecule NN cord-350836-1enteev7 657 23 TRIF TRIF NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 657 24 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 657 25 sense sense VB cord-350836-1enteev7 657 26 dsRNA dsrna JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 657 27 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 657 28 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 657 29 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 658 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 658 2 interaction interaction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 658 3 between between IN cord-350836-1enteev7 658 4 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 658 5 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 658 6 DHX33 DHX33 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 658 7 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 658 8 IPS-1 IPS-1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 658 9 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 658 10 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 658 11 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 658 12 pathway pathway NN cord-350836-1enteev7 658 13 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 658 14 sense sense VB cord-350836-1enteev7 658 15 double double RB cord-350836-1enteev7 658 16 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 658 17 stranded strand VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 658 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 658 19 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 658 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 658 21 viruses virus NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 658 22 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 658 23 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 658 24 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 658 25 cells cell NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 659 1 DDX19 DDX19 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 659 2 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 659 3 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 660 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 1 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 2 production production NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 3 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 4 disrupting disrupt VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 661 5 TBK1-IKKε TBK1-IKKε NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 6 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 661 7 IRF3 IRF3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 8 interactions interaction NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 661 9 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 661 10 promoting promote VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 661 11 TBK1 TBK1 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 12 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 661 13 IKKε IKKε NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 14 degradation degradation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 15 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 16 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 661 17 type type NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 19 interferons interferon NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 661 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 661 21 favors favor VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 661 22 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 661 23 replication replication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 24 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 25 Arenavirus Arenavirus NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 26 infection infection NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 27 Codegradation Codegradation NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 28 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 29 interferon interferon NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 30 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 661 31 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 32 DDX3 DDX3 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 33 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 34 PB1-F2 PB1-F2 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 661 35 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 36 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 661 37 basis basis NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 38 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 39 high high JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 661 40 virulence virulence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 41 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 42 1918 1918 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 661 43 pandemic pandemic NN cord-350836-1enteev7 661 44 influenza influenza NN cord-350836-1enteev7 662 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 662 2 DEAH DEAH NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 662 3 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 662 4 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 662 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 662 6 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 662 7 DHX15 DHX15 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 662 8 activates activate VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 1 NF nf NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 2 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 3 κB κB NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 4 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 663 5 MAPK MAPK NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 6 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 663 7 downstream downstream RB cord-350836-1enteev7 663 8 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 9 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-350836-1enteev7 663 10 during during IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 12 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 663 13 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 14 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 663 15 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 663 16 DEXD DEXD NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 17 / / SYM cord-350836-1enteev7 663 18 H h NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 19 box box NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 20 helicase helicase NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 21 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 663 22 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 23 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 663 24 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 25 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 26 factor factor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 27 promoting promote VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 663 28 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 29 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 30 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 31 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 32 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 33 receptor receptor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 34 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 35 mediated mediate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 36 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 663 37 DDX60 DDX60 NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 38 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 39 involved involve VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 40 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 41 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 42 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 43 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 44 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 45 dependent dependent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 46 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 663 47 independent independent JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 48 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 49 responses response NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 663 50 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 663 51 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 663 52 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 53 function function NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 54 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 55 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 56 by by IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 57 virus virus NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 58 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 59 induced induce VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 60 EGFR EGFR NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 61 activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 62 DHX29 DHX29 NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 663 63 functions function NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 663 64 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 65 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 663 66 RNA RNA NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 67 cosensor cosensor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 68 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 69 MDA5-mediated MDA5-mediated NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 70 EMCV EMCV NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 71 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 663 72 specific specific JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 73 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 74 immunity immunity NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 75 Activation activation NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 76 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 77 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 78 - - : cord-350836-1enteev7 663 79 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 80 signaling signal VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 663 81 to to TO cord-350836-1enteev7 663 82 increase increase VB cord-350836-1enteev7 663 83 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 663 84 pro pro JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 85 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 86 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 87 phenotype phenotype NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 88 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 89 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 663 90 tumor tumor NN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 91 Immunotherapeutic immunotherapeutic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 92 effects effect NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 663 93 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 663 94 intratumoral intratumoral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 663 95 nanoplexed nanoplexed NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 663 96 poly poly NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 664 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-350836-1enteev7 664 2 : : : cord-350836-1enteev7 664 3 C C NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 664 4 RIG rig NN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 664 6 I i NN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 7 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 664 8 like like JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 664 9 receptors receptor NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 664 10 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 11 novel novel JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 664 12 targets target NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 664 13 for for IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 14 panantivirals panantiviral NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 664 15 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 664 16 vaccine vaccine NN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 17 adjuvants adjuvant NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 664 18 against against IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 19 emerging emerge VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 664 20 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 664 21 re re VB cord-350836-1enteev7 664 22 - - JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 664 23 emerging emerge VBG cord-350836-1enteev7 664 24 viral viral JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 664 25 infections infection NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 664 26 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 664 27 authors author NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 664 28 declare declare VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 664 29 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 30 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 664 31 research research NN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 32 was be VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 664 33 conducted conduct VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 34 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 35 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 664 36 absence absence NN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 37 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 38 any any DT cord-350836-1enteev7 664 39 commercial commercial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 664 40 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 664 41 financial financial JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 664 42 relationships relationship NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 664 43 that that WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 664 44 could could MD cord-350836-1enteev7 664 45 be be VB cord-350836-1enteev7 664 46 construed construe VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 47 as as IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 48 a a DT cord-350836-1enteev7 664 49 potential potential JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 664 50 conflict conflict NN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 51 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 52 interest interest NN cord-350836-1enteev7 664 53 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 665 1 Copyright copyright NN cord-350836-1enteev7 665 2 © © NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 665 3 2019 2019 CD cord-350836-1enteev7 665 4 Brisse Brisse NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 665 5 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 665 6 Ly Ly NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 665 7 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 666 1 This this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 666 2 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 666 3 an an DT cord-350836-1enteev7 666 4 open open JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 666 5 - - HYPH cord-350836-1enteev7 666 6 access access NN cord-350836-1enteev7 666 7 article article NN cord-350836-1enteev7 666 8 distributed distribute VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 666 9 under under IN cord-350836-1enteev7 666 10 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 666 11 terms term NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 666 12 of of IN cord-350836-1enteev7 666 13 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 666 14 Creative Creative NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 666 15 Commons Commons NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 666 16 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 666 17 License License NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 666 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 666 19 CC CC NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 666 20 BY BY NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 666 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 666 22 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 667 1 The the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 667 2 use use NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 667 4 distribution distribution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 5 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 667 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 7 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 8 other other JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 667 9 forums forum NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 667 10 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 667 11 permitted permit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 12 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 667 13 provided provide VBD cord-350836-1enteev7 667 14 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 667 15 original original JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 667 16 author(s author(s NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 667 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 667 18 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 667 19 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 667 20 copyright copyright NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 21 owner(s owner(s NNP cord-350836-1enteev7 667 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-350836-1enteev7 667 23 are be VBP cord-350836-1enteev7 667 24 credited credit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 25 and and CC cord-350836-1enteev7 667 26 that that IN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 27 the the DT cord-350836-1enteev7 667 28 original original JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 667 29 publication publication NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 30 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 31 this this DT cord-350836-1enteev7 667 32 journal journal NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 33 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 667 34 cited cite VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 35 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 667 36 in in IN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 37 accordance accordance NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 38 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 39 accepted accepted JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 667 40 academic academic JJ cord-350836-1enteev7 667 41 practice practice NN cord-350836-1enteev7 667 42 . . . cord-350836-1enteev7 668 1 No no DT cord-350836-1enteev7 668 2 use use NN cord-350836-1enteev7 668 3 , , , cord-350836-1enteev7 668 4 distribution distribution NN cord-350836-1enteev7 668 5 or or CC cord-350836-1enteev7 668 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-350836-1enteev7 668 7 is be VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 668 8 permitted permit VBN cord-350836-1enteev7 668 9 which which WDT cord-350836-1enteev7 668 10 does do VBZ cord-350836-1enteev7 668 11 not not RB cord-350836-1enteev7 668 12 comply comply VB cord-350836-1enteev7 668 13 with with IN cord-350836-1enteev7 668 14 these these DT cord-350836-1enteev7 668 15 terms term NNS cord-350836-1enteev7 668 16 . . .