id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-978 History of the Roman Constitution - Wikipedia .html text/html 5289 669 64 While he thought that he had firmly established aristocratic rule, his own career had illustrated the fatal weakness in the constitution: that it was the army, and not the senate, which dictated the fortunes of the state.[29] In 70 BC, the generals Pompey Magnus and Marcus Licinius Crassus were both elected Consul, and quickly dismantled Sulla's constitution.[30] In 62 BC Pompey returned to Rome from battle in the east, and soon entered into an agreement with Julius Caesar.[31] Caesar and Pompey, along with Crassus, established a private agreement, known as the First Triumvirate. The Senate then granted Octavian a unique grade of Proconsular command power (imperium) which gave him the authority over all of Rome's military governors, and thus, over the entire Roman army.[40] Octavian was also granted the title of "Augustus" ("venerable") and of Princeps ("first citizen").[40] In 23 BC, Augustus (as Octavian now called himself) gave up his Consulship, and expanded both his Proconsular imperium and his tribunician powers.[41] After these final reforms had been instituted, Augustus never again altered his constitution.[42] Augustus' final goal was to ensure an orderly succession. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-978.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-978.txt