id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 1 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 2 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 6 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 8 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 9 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 14 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 15 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 16 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 19 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 20 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 21 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 23 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 24 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 26 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 27 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 29 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 32 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 33 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 34 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 37 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 40 Military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 42 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 43 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 44 753 753 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 45 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 46 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 47 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 48 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 49 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 50 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 51 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 52 Unit Unit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 53 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 55 ranks rank VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 56 Decorations decoration NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 58 punishments punishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 59 Legions Legions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 60 Auxilia Auxilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 61 Generals Generals NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 62 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 63 Fleets Fleets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 64 Admirals Admirals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 65 Campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 66 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 67 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 69 battles battle VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 70 Technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 71 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 72 Military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 73 engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 74 Castra Castra NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 75 Siege Siege NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 76 engines engine NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 77 Triumphal Triumphal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 78 arches arch VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 79 Roads Roads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 80 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 81 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 82     _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 83 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 84 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 85 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 86 Infantry Infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 87 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 88 Frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 89 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 90 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 91 Limes Limes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 92 Limes Limes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 93 Britannicus Britannicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 94 Antonine Antonine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 95 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 96 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 97 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 98 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 99 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 100 Shore Shore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 101 Limes Limes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 102 Germanicus Germanicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 103 Alb Alb NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 104 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 105 Lauter Lauter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 106 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 107 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 108 Lower Lower NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 109 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 110 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 111 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 112 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 113 Neckar Neckar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 114 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 115 Odenwald Odenwald NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 116 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 117 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 118 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 119 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 120 Rhaetian Rhaetian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 121 Limes Limes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 122 Wetterau Wetterau NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 123 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 124 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 125 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 126 Iller Iller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 127 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 128 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 129 Limes Limes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 130 Norican Norican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 131 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 132 Claustra Claustra NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 133 Alpium Alpium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 134 Iuliarum Iuliarum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 135 Pannonian Pannonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 136 Limes Limes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 137 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 138 Alutanus Alutanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 139 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 140 Moesiae Moesiae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 141 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 142 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 143 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 144 Anastasian Anastasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 145 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 146 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 147 Sarmatiae Sarmatiae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 148 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 149 Arabicus Arabicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 150 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 151 Tripolitanus Tripolitanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 152 Limes Limes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 153 Mauretaniae Mauretaniae NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 154   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 155 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 156 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 157 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 158 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 159   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 160 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 161 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 162 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 163 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 164 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 165 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 166 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 167 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 168 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 169 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 170 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 171 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 172 concerns concern VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 173 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 174 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 175 transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 176 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 177 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 178 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 179 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 180 constitution constitution NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 181 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 182 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 183 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 184 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 185 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 186 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 187 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 188 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 189 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 190 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 191 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 192 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 193 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 194 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 195 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 196 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 197 institution institution NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 198 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 199 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 200 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 1 201 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 7 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 8 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 9 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 14 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 15 dissolution dissolution NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 17 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 19 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 22 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 25 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 26 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 27 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 29 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 31 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 32 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 33 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 34 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 35 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 36 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 2 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 3 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 4 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 6 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 9 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 11 split split VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 15 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 19 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 21 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 22 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 23 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 24 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 26 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 27 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 28 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 30 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 31 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 32 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 33 defense defense NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 34 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 3 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 3 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 4 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 6 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 7 army army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 9 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 11 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 12 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 13 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 16 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 18 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 19 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 20 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 21 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 23 organic organic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 24 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 25 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 4 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 2 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 5 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 7 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 8 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 9 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 5 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 1 Phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 4 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 6 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 8 obligatory obligatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 9 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 10 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 11 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 12 levied levy VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 15 citizenry citizenry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 18 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 21 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 24 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 6 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 7 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 8 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 9 wage wage VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 10 seasonal seasonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 11 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 12 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 13 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 14 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 15 adversaries adversary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 7 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 1 Phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 3 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 5 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 8 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 9 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 10 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 12 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 13 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 16 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 19 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 20 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 23 soldiery soldiery NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 24 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 25 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 26 salaried salaried JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 27 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 8 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 3 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 5 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 6 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 9 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 13 salaried salaried JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 15 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 17 progressively progressively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 18 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 20 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 9 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 2 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 3 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 8 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 9 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 11 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 12 regulated regulated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 10 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 3 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 5 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 7 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 8 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 11 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 13 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 15 legiones legione NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 20 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 22 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 23 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 24 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 27 auxilia auxilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 11 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 2 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 5 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 6 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 7 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 9 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 10 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 11 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 13 logistical logistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 16 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 17 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 12 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 1 Phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 2 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 3 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 5 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 13 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 15 tasked task VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 17 manning man VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 19 securing secure VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 21 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 24 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 25 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 27 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 29 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 31 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 32 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 13 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 1 Serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 2 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 3 threats threat NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 5 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 9 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 11 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 13 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 15 preserving preserve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 16 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 17 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 14 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 3 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 4 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 6 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 10 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 14 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 16 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 17 garrisons garrison NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 20 march march NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 22 camps camp NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 24 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 25 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 26 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 15 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 1 Phase Phase NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 2 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 3 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 5 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 7 struggle struggle VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 9 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 10 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 13 sprawling sprawl VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 14 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 16 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 17 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 18 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 21 salaried salary VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 23 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 25 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 27 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 28 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 16 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 4 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 6 employing employ VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 7 allied allied JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 9 mercenary mercenary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 10 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 12 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 14 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 16 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 18 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 19 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 20 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 22 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 24 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 25 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 28 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 29 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 17 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 7 uniformity uniformity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 9 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 10 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 14 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 15 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 16 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 18 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 1 Soldiery Soldiery NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 4 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 5 ranged range VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 7 lightly lightly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 8 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 9 mounted mount VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 10 archers archer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 12 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 13 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 16 regiments regiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 18 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 19 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 21 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 19 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 3 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 6 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 10 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 13 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 14 predominance predominance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 16 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 17 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 19 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 20 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 22 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 23 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 26 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 28 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 29 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 30 operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 20 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 6 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 7 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 11 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 14 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 17 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 18 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 20 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 22 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 23 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 25 engaging engage VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 26 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 28 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 30 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 31 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 33 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 35 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 37 intensity intensity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 39 guerilla guerilla NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 40 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 21 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 3 Tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 4 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 6 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 7 752 752 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 9 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 10 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 11 578 578 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 14 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 15 Etruscan etruscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 17 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 18 hoplites hoplite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 20 578 578 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 22 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 24 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 25 315 315 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 27 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 29 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 30 Manipular Manipular NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 31 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 33 315–107 315–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 35 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 37 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 38 Proletarianisation Proletarianisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 41 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 43 217–107 217–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 44   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 45 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 47 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 48 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 49 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 51 107–27 107–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 53 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 55 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 56 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 57 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 58 citizen citizen JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 59 recruitment recruitment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 61 49–27 49–27 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 62   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 63 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 65 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 66 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 67 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 69 reformation reformation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 72 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 74 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 75   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 76 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 77 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 78 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 80 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 82 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 83 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 84 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 85 vexillationes vexillatione NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 87 76–117 76–117 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 88   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 89 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 90 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 91 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 92 Barbarisation barbarisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 93 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 95 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 97 117–253 117–253 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 98   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 99 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 100 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 101 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 102 Successive successive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 103 crises crisis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 104 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 105 238–359 238–359 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 106 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 107 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 108 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 109 Comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 110 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 111 limitanei limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 112 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 113 284–395 284–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 114   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 115 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 116 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 117 8.1 8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 118 Adoption Adoption NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 119 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 120 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 121 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 122 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 123 358–395 358–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 124   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 125 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 126 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 127 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 128 Collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 129 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 130 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 131 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 132 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 133 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 134 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 135 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 136 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 137 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 138 395–476 395–476 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 139   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 140 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 141 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 142 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 143 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 144 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 145 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 146 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 147 11.1 11.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 148 Explanatory explanatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 149 notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 150 11.2 11.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 151 Citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 152 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 153 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 154 12.1 12.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 155 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 156 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 157 12.2 12.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 158 Secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 159 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 160 tertiary tertiary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 161 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 162 Tribal tribal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 163 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 164 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 165 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 166 752 752 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 167 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 168 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 169 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 170 578 578 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 171 BC)[edit bc)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 172 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 173 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 174 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 175 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 176 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 177 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 178 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 179 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 180 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 181 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 182 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 183 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 184 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 185 Dionysius Dionysius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 186 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 187 Halicarnassus Halicarnassus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 188 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 189 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 190 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 191 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 192 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 193 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 194 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 195 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 196 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 197 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 198 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 199 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 200 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 201 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 202 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 203 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 204 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 205   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 206 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 22 207 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 5 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 7 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 8 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 12 fortified fortified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 13 hilltop hilltop NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 14 settlement settlement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 17 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 19 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 20 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 21 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 23 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 24 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 26 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 28 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 29 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 32 raiding raiding JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 34 cattle cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 35 rustling rustle VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 38 occasional occasional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 39 skirmish skirmish JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 41 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 42 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 23 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 4 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 5 Theodor Theodor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 6 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 7 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 13 curiate curiate NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 16 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 19 presumed presume VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 20 subdivision subdivision NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 21 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 23 boundaries boundary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 25 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 27 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 28 founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 29 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 31 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 33 curiae curiae NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 37 Ramnians Ramnians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 39 Tities Tities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 41 Luceres Luceres NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 24 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 7 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 8 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 16 probable probable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 19 loosely loosely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 20 resembled resemble VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 22 warrior warrior NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 23 band band NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 25 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 27 bodyguards bodyguard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 28 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 31 chieftain chieftain NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 33 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 25 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 4 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 5 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 8 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 9 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 14 regimented regiment VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 18 Laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 22 apocryphal apocryphal NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 24 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 26 V]Italus"[5 v]italus"[5 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 29 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 30 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 32 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 33 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 36 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 38 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 39 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 40 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 26 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 4 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 6 legio legio NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 8 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 10 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 12 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 15 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 16 3,000 3,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 17 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 19 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 20 horsemen horseman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 23 third third NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 25 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 27 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 29 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 30 founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 31 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 27 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 3 1][6 1][6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 5 Warriors warrior NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 6 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 8 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 10 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 12 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 15 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 17 tribuni tribuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 21 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 22 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 23 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 25 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 27 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 30 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 33 reigning reign VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 34 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 28 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 1 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 2 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 3 philological philological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 4 arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 6 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 8 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 10 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 12 suggest suggest VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 15 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 16 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 18 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 20 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 21 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 22 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 24 pilumni pilumni NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 26 javelin javelin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 28 throwers throwers NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 33 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 34 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 35 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 36 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 38 arquites arquite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 40 archers archer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 29 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 5 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 7 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 8 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 12 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 13 consisted consist VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 14 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 17 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 19 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 20 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 30 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 2 8 8 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 9 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 11 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 12 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 14 chariots,[9 chariots,[9 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 16 hinted hint VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 19 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 22 flexuntes flexuntes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 26 wheelers wheeler NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 31 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 6 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 9 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 15 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 17 Age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 18 Etruscan etruscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 19 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 21 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 23 Etrusci Etrusci NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 26 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 29 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 32 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 4 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 8 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 9 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 12 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 15 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 16 warred war VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 17 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 19 Etruscans Etruscans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 33 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 3 close close NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 9 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 11 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 13 struggle struggle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 15 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 19 Etruscans Etruscans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 21 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 22 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 24 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 26 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 27 dictatorship dictatorship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 30 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 34 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 34 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 1 Etruscan etruscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 3 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 4 hoplites hoplite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 6 578 578 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 9 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 10 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 11 315 315 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 13 BC)[edit bc)[edit IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 15 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 16 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 18 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 20 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 21 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 22 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 23 sculpture sculpture NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 26 hoplite hoplite NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 28 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 30 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 35 Archæological Archæological NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 36 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 38 Sparti Sparti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 41 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 42 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 43 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 44 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 45 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 46 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 48 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 49 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 50 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 35 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 2 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 4 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 5 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 6 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 8 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 9 talk talk VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 10 extensively extensively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 11 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 18 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 21 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 23 Etruscan etruscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 24 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 27 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 29 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 30 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 31 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 32 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 36 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 1 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 6 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 8 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 9 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 10 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 12 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 14 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 17 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 19 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 20 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 21 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 37 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 3 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 4 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 6 kept keep VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 9 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 14 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 15 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 16 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 18 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 20 sacked sack VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 38 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 8 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 10 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 12 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 19 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 20 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 21 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 39 23 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 40 1 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 40 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 40 3 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 40 4 Punic Punic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 40 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 40 6 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 40 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 3 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 4 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 5 narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 9 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 14 Etruscan etruscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 41 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 6 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 8 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 9 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 16 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 20 civic civic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 21 responsibility responsibility NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 24 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 26 advancing advance VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 27 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 29 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 30 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 31 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 46 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 8 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 9 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 11 qualified qualify VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 12 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 14 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 17 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 47 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 3 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 5 accurate accurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 7 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 8 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 11 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 13 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 15 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 16 refined refine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 20 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 22 radically radically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 23 reformed reform VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 48 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 1 Prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 4 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 7 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 9 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 12 classis classis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 14 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 15 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 18 infra infra NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 19 classem classem NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 21 poorer poor JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 22 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 49 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 2 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 4 excluded exclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 7 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 8 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 10 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 13 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 16 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 19 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 20 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 50 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 6 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 9 crude crude JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 10 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 12 poorer poor JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 14 richer rich JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 15 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 17 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 18 stratified stratify VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 51 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 3 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 4 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 7 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 9 troop troop NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 10 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 11 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 12 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 15 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 17 propertied propertied JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 18 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 20 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 21 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 23 adsidui adsidui NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 52 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 3 poorest poor JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 7 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 8 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 12 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 17 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 21 equestrians equestrian NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 22 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 23 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 25 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 26 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 28 compulsory compulsory JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 30 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 53 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 7 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 10 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 11 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 12 viewed view VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 13 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 14 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 17 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 18 undertaking undertaking NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 20 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 26 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 28 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 29 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 31 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 32 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 35 unwelcome unwelcome JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 37 unpleasant unpleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 38 burden burden NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 54 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 4 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 7 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 9 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 12 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 13 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 14 mutilating mutilate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 16 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 17 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 21 exempt exempt VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 22 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 24 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 25 service,[17 service,[17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 27 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 28 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 30 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 31 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 33 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 34 reluctance reluctance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 36 serve serve VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 39 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 41 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 42 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 55 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 4 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 6 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 9 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 10 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 11 intensity intensity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 13 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 16 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 20 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 22 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 24 fighting fight VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 25 close close RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 28 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 30 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 32 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 33 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 34 homes home NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 37 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 39 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 41 posited posit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 43 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 44 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 45 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 46 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 48 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 49 martial martial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 50 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 52 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 56 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 3 2][18 2][18 IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 6 equestrians equestrian NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 9 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 11 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 15 served serve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 17 mounted mount VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 18 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 19 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 21 equites equite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 57 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 3 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 6 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 7 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 8 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 10 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 11 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 13 swords sword NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 15 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 16 spears spear NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 18 resembling resemble VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 19 hoplites hoplite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 23 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 26 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 29 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 30 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 58 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 3 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 5 armed arm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 6 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 10 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 13 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 15 breastplate breastplate NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 17 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 22 oblong oblong NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 23 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 26 round round JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 27 shield shield NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 59 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 3 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 4 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 5 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 6 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 14 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 15 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 17 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 18 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 60 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 2 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 4 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 5 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 8 lightly lightly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 61 9 armed arm 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javelin javelin NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 62 16 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 62 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 2 poorest poor JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 5 propertied propertied JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 6 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 9 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 10 comprised comprise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 12 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 13 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 63 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 4 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 5 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 7 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 64 8 much much JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 14 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 16 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 18 masking mask VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 20 manoeuvres manoeuvre NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 65 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 1 Men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 2 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 3 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 7 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 8 excluded exclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 11 qualifying qualify VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 13 classes class NNS 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whatsoever whatsoever RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 66 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 9 pressing pressing JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 10 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 12 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 14 proletarii proletarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 16 pressed press VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 18 service,[19 service,[19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 20 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 22 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 23 worth worth NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 25 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 26 questionable questionable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 67 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 1 Troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 3 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 6 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 8 fight fight VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 9 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 12 battlefield battlefield NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 16 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 19 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 20 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 21 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 25 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 27 guard guard VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 29 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 68 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 7 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 10 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 12 3,000 3,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 14 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 15 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 18 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 23 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 24 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 26 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 28 6,000 6,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 29 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 30 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 31 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 32 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 69 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 5 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 8 6,000 6,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 9 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 11 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 12 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 14 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 15 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 17 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 18 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 19 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 70 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 4 Manipular Manipular NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 5 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 7 315–107 315–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 9 BC)[edit bc)[edit IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 11 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 12 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 15 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 18 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 19 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 20 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 21 Altar Altar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 23 Domitius Domitius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 24 Ahenobarbus Ahenobarbus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 26 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 27 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 28 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 31 altar altar NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 32 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 33 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 34 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 35 infantrymen infantryman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 36 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 38 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 39 scuta scuta NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 42 cavalryman cavalryman NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 44 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 45 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 71 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 3 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 4 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 5 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 6 mail mail NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 7 armour armour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 72 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 2 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 6 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 7 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 9 evolve evolve VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 12 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 13 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 16 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 17 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 18 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 20 attribute attribute VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 22 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 24 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 25 reformers reformer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 29 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 30 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 32 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 35 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 37 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 38 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 39 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 40 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 41 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 43 deliberate deliberate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 44 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 46 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 73 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 2 21 21 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 5 manipular manipular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 6 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 8 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 9 copied copy VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 13 Samnite Samnite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 14 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 17 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 19 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 22 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 25 defeats defeat NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 28 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 29 Samnite Samnite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 30 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 74 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 2 22][23 22][23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 9 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 10 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 12 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 13 5,000 5,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 14 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 19 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 21 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 23 legio legio NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 75 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 4 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 6 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 7 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 8 formations formation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 10 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 11 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 12 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 15 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 18 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 20 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 21 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 22 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 24 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 25 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 27 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 28 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 76 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 3 manipular manipular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 4 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 7 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 8 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 10 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 11 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 12 maniples maniple NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 15 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 18 contrast contrast VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 20 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 21 cohortal cohortal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 22 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 28 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 29 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 31 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 33 cohort cohort NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 34 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 77 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 2 manipular manipular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 3 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 5 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 6 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 7 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 8 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 11 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 12 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 13 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 15 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 16 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 78 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 5 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 6 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 8 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 9 compromise compromise NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 12 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 13 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 15 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 16 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 19 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 21 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 22 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 24 later late JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 25 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 79 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 4 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 5 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 9 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 10 pressed press VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 13 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 16 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 17 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 19 necessity necessity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 80 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 4 Normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 6 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 7 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 9 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 11 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 15 366 366 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 18 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 19 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 21 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 24 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 25 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 28 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 29 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 81 30 . . . 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tactical tactical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 9 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 11 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 12 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 13 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 16 battlefield battlefield NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 19 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 22 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 23 army army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 83 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 2 maniples maniple NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 4 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 5 deployed deploy VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 7 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 8 discrete discrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 9 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 11 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 13 triplex triplex JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 14 acies acie NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 16 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 19 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 20 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 21 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 22 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 24 hastati hastati NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 26 principes principe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 28 triarii triarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 84 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 6 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 9 hastati hastati NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 11 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 12 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 14 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 15 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 17 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 18 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 85 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 2 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 3 wore wear VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 5 brass brass NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 6 chest chest NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 7 plate plate NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 9 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 11 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 12 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 13 mail mail NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 17 helmet helmet NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 18 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 20 galea galea NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 23 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 25 greaves greave NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 27 shin shin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 28 guards guards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 86 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 2 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 4 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 5 bossed boss VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 6 wooden wooden JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 7 shield shield NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 9 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 11 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 13 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 15 ft ft JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 17 tall tall JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 19 rectangular rectangular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 21 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 24 curved curved JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 25 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 27 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 28 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 30 sides side NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 87 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 1 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 4 armed arm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 7 sword sword NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 11 gladius gladius NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 14 throwing throw VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 15 spears spear NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 18 pila pila NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 22 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 23 pilum pilum NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 25 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 26 imagination imagination NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 28 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 30 slender slender NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 31 javelin javelin NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 88 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 6 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 7 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 10 gladius gladius NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 13 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 16 spear spear NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 19 sword sword NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 22 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 23 weapon weapon NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 26 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 27 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 29 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 33 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 34 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 35 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 37 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 38 manipular manipular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 39 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 40 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 41 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 42 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 44 hastati hastati NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 46 principes principe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 47 wielding wield VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 49 hasta hasta NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 51 spear spear NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 89 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 3 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 5 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 6 habitually habitually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 7 enroll enroll VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 8 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 9 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 11 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 13 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 14 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 16 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 17 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 18 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 19 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 22 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 23 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 26 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 27 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 28 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 29 necessity necessity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 30 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 33 raise raise VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 35 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 37 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 39 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 40 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 44 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 46 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 47 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 90 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 2 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 5 number number NN 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Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 32 1:268–70 1:268–70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 34 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 35 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 38 principes principe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 40 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 41 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 43 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 44 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 46 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 47 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 48 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 50 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 53 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 91 54 line 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were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 29 deployed deploy VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 32 rear rear NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 35 triarii triarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 102 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 2 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 4 accompanying accompany VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 8 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 10 supply supply VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 11 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 12 vacancies vacancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 14 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 15 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 18 maniples maniple NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 23 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 25 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 26 acted act VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 27 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 29 orderlies orderly NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 32 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 103 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 2 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 3 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 5 1,200 1,200 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 6 velites[26 velites[26 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 8 consisted consist VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 10 unarmoured unarmoured JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 11 skirmishing skirmishing NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 12 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 13 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 16 youngest young JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 18 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 19 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 20 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 104 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 3 armed arm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 6 sword sword NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 8 shield shield NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 10 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 12 cm cm NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 14 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 16 ft ft FW en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 18 diameter diameter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 24 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 25 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 26 javelins javelin NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 28 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 31 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 33 cm cm NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 35 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 36   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 37 ft ft FW en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 39 wooden wooden JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 40 shaft shaft NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 42 diameter diameter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 45 finger finger NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 49 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 50   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 51 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 53 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 55 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 56   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 57 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 59 narrow narrow JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 60 metal metal NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 61 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 105 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 4 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 5 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 7 swollen swell VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 10 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 12 allied allied NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 13 light light NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 14 infantry infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 16 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 17 rorarii rorarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 106 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 3 levy levy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 5 403 403 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 10 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 13 requested request VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 15 campaign campaign VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 17 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 20 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 21 season,[30 season,[30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 26 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 28 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 30 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 31 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 32 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 33 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 34 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 36 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 37 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 39 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 107 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 2 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 3 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 5 operated operate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 8 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 9 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 10 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 13 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 14 Samnite Samnite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 15 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 20 massively massively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 21 upgraded upgrade VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 22 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 24 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 26 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 29 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 30 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 31 river- river- JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 33 coastal coastal NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 35 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 36 patrol patrol NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 37 craft craft NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 40 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 41 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 42 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 108 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 5 frenetic frenetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 6 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 9 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 10 mushroomed mushroom VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 13 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 15 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 17 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 18 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 21 Carthaginian carthaginian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 22 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 109 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 1 Once once RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 2 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 5 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 6 accommodate accommodate VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 7 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 9 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 10 sailors sailor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 12 embarked embark VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 13 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 15 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 110 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 111 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 111 2 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 111 3 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 111 4 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 111 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 111 6 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 111 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 3 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 6 pacified pacified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 8 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 9 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 11 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 12 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 13 policing policing NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 16 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 17 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 19 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 20 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 22 rely rely VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 23 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 25 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 27 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 28 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 30 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 31 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 33 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 34 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 36 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 37 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 38 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 112 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 4 Proletarianisation Proletarianisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 7 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 9 217–107 217–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 11 BC)[edit bc)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 14 extraordinary extraordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 15 demands demand NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 18 Punic Punic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 19 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 22 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 25 shortage shortage NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 27 manpower manpower NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 29 exposed expose VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 31 tactical tactical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 32 weaknesses weakness NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 35 manipular manipular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 36 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 38 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 39 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 42 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 43 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 113 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 5 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 11 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 13 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 14 ignore ignore VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 16 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 18 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 19 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 22 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 23 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 25 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 26 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 28 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 29 owners owner NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 30 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 31 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 33 pressed press VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 34 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 35 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 36 service;[25 service;[25 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 38 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 39 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 41 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 44 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 45 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 46 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 47 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 48 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 49 11,000 11,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 51 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 52 asses ass NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 114 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 6 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 8 unlikely unlikely JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 11 preferred prefer VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 13 employ employ VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 14 slaves slave NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 15 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 16 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 17 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 20 armies,[19 armies,[19 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 23 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 25 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 30 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 33 proletarii proletarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 36 poorest poor JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 37 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 38 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 39 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 40 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 41 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 42 pressed press VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 43 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 44 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 45 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 47 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 49 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 50 qualification qualification NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 115 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 2 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 7 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 8 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 10 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 11 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 13 slashed slash VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 14 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 16 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 17 asses ass NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 19 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 20 1,500 1,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 21 asses ass NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 116 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 8 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 12 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 17 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 18 - - , en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 19 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 20 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 21 proletarii proletarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 22 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 23 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 24 nominally nominally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 25 admitted admit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 28 adsidui adsidui NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 117 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 6 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 12 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 13 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 15 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 16 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 18 population,[34 population,[34 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 20 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 21 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 24 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 25 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 26 incurred incur VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 27 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 28 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 29 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 118 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 3 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 5 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 7 stresses stress NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 10 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 11 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 14 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 15 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 17 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 18 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 21 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 24 proletarii proletarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 119 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 6 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 8 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 11 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 14 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 15 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 16 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 17 proletarianised proletarianise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 120 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 3 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 5 forced force VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 7 arm arm VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 9 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 12 expense expense NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 15 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 17 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 21 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 22 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 23 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 24 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 26 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 27 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 29 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 30 impoverished impoverished JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 31 proletarii proletarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 33 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 34 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 35 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 38 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 39 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 40 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 42 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 43 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 44 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 45 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 121 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 5 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 8 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 9 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 10 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 12 hastati hastati NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 14 principes principe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 16 triarii triarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 17 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 19 blur blur VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 21 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 22 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 24 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 26 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 27 assuming assume VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 29 responsibility responsibility NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 31 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 32 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 34 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 35 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 37 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 38 but but IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 40 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 41 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 43 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 45 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 46 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 47 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 48 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 49 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 50 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 51 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 52 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 53 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 122 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 8 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 11 triarii triarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 14 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 16 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 18 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 19 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 20 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 21 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 22 armed arm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 25 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 26 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 28 cuirass cuirass NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 32 hastati hastati NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 34 principes principe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 36 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 37 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 123 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 8 shortage shortage NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 10 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 11 manpower manpower NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 12 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 15 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 16 burden burden NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 17 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 18 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 19 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 21 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 23 socii socii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 27 provision provision NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 29 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 30 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 124 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 4 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 5 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 6 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 7 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 9 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 11 required required JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 12 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 13 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 16 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 19 averse averse JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 22 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 24 hiring hire VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 25 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 27 fight fight VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 28 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 30 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 125 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 4 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 5 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 7 107–27 107–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 9 BC)[edit bc)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 11 Bust Bust NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 13 Marius Marius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 15 instigator instigator NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 18 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 19 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 20 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 21 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 23 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 24 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 27 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 28 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 29 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 31 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 32 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 35 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 36 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 38 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 39 consul consul NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 40 Gaius Gaius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 41 Marius Marius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 42 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 43 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 45 programme programme NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 47 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 50 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 51 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 126 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 5 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 10 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 12 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 15 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 18 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 21 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 22 eligible eligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 24 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 27 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 28 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 127 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 5 move move NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 6 formalised formalise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 8 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 10 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 11 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 15 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 20 removing remove VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 21 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 22 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 24 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 25 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 128 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 5 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 7 hastati hastati NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 9 principes principe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 11 triarii triarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 15 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 16 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 17 blurred blurred JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 20 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 21 removed,[26][39 removed,[26][39 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 25 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 26 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 28 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 29 imagination imagination NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 31 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 129 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 1 Legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 2 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 3 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 5 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 6 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 8 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 9 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 130 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 2 legionaries legionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 4 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 6 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 7 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 15 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 16 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 19 regionally regionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 20 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 21 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 22 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 24 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 25 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 27 Cisalpine Cisalpine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 28 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 131 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 4 Lighter light JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 5 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 6 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 11 velites velite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 132 12 and and CC 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 7 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 10 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 11 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 14 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 16 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 17 infantry[29 infantry[29 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 19 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 21 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 22 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 24 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 25 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 133 26 attachments attachment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 24 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 27 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 28 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 29 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 34 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 134 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 2 known known JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 3 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 5 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 7 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 9 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 11 citizen citizen JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 12 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 18 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 21 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 24 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 26 Galatia Galatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 135 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 5 Marius Marius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 8 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 10 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 11 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 13 volunteer volunteer NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 14 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 15 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 17 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 18 conscripted conscript VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 20 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 136 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 4 Volunteers volunteer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 5 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 6 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 9 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 12 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 15 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 17 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 18 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 22 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 23 countryside countryside NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 25 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 26 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 27 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 28 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 30 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 137 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 4 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 6 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 9 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 10 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 12 classed class VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 14 veterans veteran NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 18 outnumbered outnumber VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 20 civilians civilian NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 22 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 23 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 24 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 28 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 29 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 30 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 31 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 34 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 35 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 138 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 5 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 8 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 9 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 10 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 12 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 14 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 17 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 20 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 21 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 23 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 25 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 27 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 28 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 30 ex ex JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 31 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 32 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 33 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 35 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 36 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 139 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 7 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 9 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 10 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 12 commanders commander NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 14 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 15 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 16 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 20 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 140 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 4 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 5 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 8 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 10 legionaries legionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 12 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 13 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 14 fighting fight VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 17 seasonal seasonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 18 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 20 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 22 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 141 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 5 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 8 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 9 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 10 pay pay NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 14 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 20 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 22 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 23 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 142 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 3 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 5 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 6 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 7 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 9 appeal appeal VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 13 poorest poor JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 14 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 16 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 19 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 21 guaranteed guarantee VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 22 salary salary NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 24 attractive attractive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 143 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 6 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 7 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 10 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 11 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 12 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 15 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 16 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 19 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 20 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 21 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 25 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 144 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 5 destabilising destabilise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 6 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 9 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 13 proletariat proletariat NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 15 acquired acquire VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 17 stronger strong JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 20 elevated elevated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 21 position"[47 position"[47 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 23 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 145 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 2 professionalisation professionalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 5 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 7 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 9 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 10 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 11 garrisons garrison NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 13 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 14 acquired acquire VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 16 distant distant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 17 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 20 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 22 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 24 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 25 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 27 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 29 seasonal seasonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 30 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 31 militia militia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 146 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 1 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 2 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 4 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 5 notes note VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 10 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 12 raise raise VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 14 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 17 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 19 repel repel VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 20 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 21 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 22 threats threat NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 147 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 148 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 148 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 148 3 that that IN 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 20 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 21 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 24 hoped hope VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 26 adventure adventure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 28 plunder plunder VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 150 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 7 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 9 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 10 pay pay NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 12 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 14 armour armour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 16 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 20 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 21 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 23 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 151 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 4 veteran veteran NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 5 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 6 signing sign VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 8 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 9 voluntarily voluntarily RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 11 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 12 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 13 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 14 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 15 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 16 meant mean VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 18 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 20 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 21 conformed conform VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 22 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 28 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 29 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 30 archetypes archetype NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 152 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 2 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 5 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 6 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 9 structurally structurally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 11 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 12 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 13 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 14 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 153 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 2 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 4 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 5 sub sub NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 7 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 9 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 11 cohort cohort NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 154 13 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 22 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 24 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 25 centuriae centuriae NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 27 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 28 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 29 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 155 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 4 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 5 centuria centuria NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 7 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 8 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 10 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 12 tent tent NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 13 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 16 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 18 contubernia contubernia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 21 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 22 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 23 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 156 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 1 Legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 2 additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 3 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 6 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 7 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 9 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 10 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 11 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 15 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 16 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 18 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 20 equites equite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 21 legionis legionis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 157 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 2 equites equite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 6 scouts scout NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 8 dispatch dispatch NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 9 riders rider NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 10 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 12 battlefield battlefield NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 13 cavalry cavalry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 158 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 4 Legions Legions NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 6 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 8 dedicated dedicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 9 artillery artillery NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 10 crew crew NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 12 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 13 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 14 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 18 operate operate VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 19 devices device NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 22 ballistae ballistae NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 159 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 4 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 5 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 7 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 8 partnered partner VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 11 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 12 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 15 allied allied NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 17 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 21 auxiliae auxiliae VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 22 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 160 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 7 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 8 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 11 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 15 formalisation formalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 18 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 19 arrangement arrangement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 21 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 22 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 23 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 26 Socii Socii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 28 Latini Latini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 32 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 33 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 34 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 35 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 37 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 38 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 161 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 4 Auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 5 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 6 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 8 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 10 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 11 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 12 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 13 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 14 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 16 alae alae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 18 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 19 light light NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 20 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 21 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 23 cohors cohor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 24 auxiliae auxiliae VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 28 flexible flexible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 29 mixture mixture NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 32 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 33 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 35 cohors cohor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 36 equitata equitata RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 162 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 4 Cavalry Cavalry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 5 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 6 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 7 mounted mount VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 8 archers archer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 10 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 12 sagittarii sagittarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 15 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 16 shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 17 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 19 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 21 cataphracti cataphracti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 23 clibanarii clibanarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 163 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 1 Infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 2 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 4 armed arm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 6 bows bow NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 8 slings sling NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 10 throwing throw VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 11 spears spear NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 13 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 14 swords sword NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 17 thrusting thrust VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 18 spears spear NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 164 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 1 Auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 2 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 4 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 5 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 8 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 9 chiefs chief NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 18 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 19 organisation organisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 21 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 24 commanders commander NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 165 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 9 obvious obvious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 10 deficiency deficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 15 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 16 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 18 shortage shortage NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 20 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 22 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 23 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 24 cavalry;[55 cavalry;[55 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 26 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 27 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 28 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 30 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 31 infantry infantry JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 166 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 1 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 4 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 5 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 6 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 7 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 9 Cretan Cretan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 10 archers archer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 12 Balearic Balearic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 13 slingers slinger NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 15 Numidian numidian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 16 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 18 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 20 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 21 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 23 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 167 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 7 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 8 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 11 adversaries adversary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 12 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 14 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 15 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 17 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 19 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 20 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 23 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 26 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 28 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 30 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 31 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 33 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 34 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 35 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 37 tactical tactical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 38 disadvantage disadvantage NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 40 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 43 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 168 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 2 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 3 declined decline VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 5 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 6 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 8 subjugation subjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 11 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 15 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 16 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 17 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 19 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 20 upgrading upgrading NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 22 revitalisation revitalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 25 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 26 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 28 meet meet VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 29 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 30 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 31 demands demand NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 169 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 2 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 5 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 6 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 8 assembled assemble VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 12 Channel Channel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 14 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 16 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 18 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 20 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 21 Pompey Pompey NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 24 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 25 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 27 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 30 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 31 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 33 clear clear VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 35 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 37 Cilician cilician JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 38 pirates pirate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 170 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 6 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 7 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 9 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 11 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 15 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 16 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 18 either either RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 19 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 21 pressed press VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 23 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 25 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 26 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 171 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 4 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 6 citizen citizen JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 7 recruitment recruitment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 9 49–27 49–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 11 BC)[edit bc)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 13 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 17 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 18 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 20 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 22 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 24 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 25 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 26 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 28 supplemented supplement VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 30 exploratores exploratore NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 33 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 35 scouts scout NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 38 speculatores speculatore NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 40 spies spy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 41 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 42 infiltrated infiltrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 43 enemy enemy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 44 camps camp NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 172 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 4 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 7 demands demand NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 10 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 11 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 14 extraordinary extraordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 15 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 17 recruiting recruiting NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 18 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 20 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 21 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 22 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 24 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 26 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 28 Transalpine Transalpine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 29 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 31 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 33 Gallia Gallia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 34 Transalpina Transalpina NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 38 Brutus Brutus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 40 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 44 Pompey Pompey NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 46 Pharsalus Pharsalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 173 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 5 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 7 extraordinary extraordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 8 recruitment recruitment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 14 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 16 recruitment recruitment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 24 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 25 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 26 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 28 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 30 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 32 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 33 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 34 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 174 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 1 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 2 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 4 reformation reformation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 7 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 9 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 13 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 15 AD)[edit ad)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 17 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 18 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 20 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 21 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 22 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 23 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 25 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 28 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 30 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 31 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 32 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 33 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 34 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 35 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 38 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 40 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 42 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 43 usurping usurp VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 45 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 46 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 175 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 2 59 59 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 5 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 7 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 10 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 12 Marius Marius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 14 Sulla Sulla NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 17 demonstrated demonstrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 19 willingness willingness NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 22 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 25 re re JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 26 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 27 activated activate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 28 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 29 decommissioned decommission VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 31 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 32 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 33 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 34 keen keen VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 36 plunder plunder NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 38 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 39 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 40 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 41 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 43 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 176 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 1 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 2 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 3 removed remove VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 5 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 8 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 9 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 11 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 13 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 16 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 17 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 20 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 21 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 23 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 24 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 25 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 28 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 177 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 4 Perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 5 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 7 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 8 concerns concern NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 11 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 13 auxiliaries auxiliary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 16 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 18 supplemented supplement VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 19 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 21 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 22 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 25 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 26 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 28 guards guard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 29 dedicated dedicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 32 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 35 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 178 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 4 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 14 Praetorian Praetorian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 15 Guard Guard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 19 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 21 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 23 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 26 Cohortes Cohortes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 27 urbanae urbanae VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 179 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 5 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 11 mix mix NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 14 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 16 civilian civilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 17 campaigners campaigner NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 20 altered alter VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 23 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 24 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 26 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 27 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 180 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 5 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 6 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 9 cohort cohort NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 10 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 11 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 12 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 14 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 18 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 19 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 21 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 22 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 24 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 27 AD ad VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 29 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 30 cohort cohort NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 32 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 33 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 35 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 37 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 40 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 42 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 43 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 181 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 8 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 11 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 12 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 13 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 15 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 18 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 20 up up NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 21 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 22 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 182 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 1 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 3 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 4 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 7 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 10 draft draft NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 12 eligible eligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 14 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 16 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 17 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 19 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 20 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 23 voluntary voluntary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 24 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 28 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 29 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 30 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 32 manpower manpower NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 183 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 1 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 3 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 4 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 5 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 6 had have VBD 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184 29 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 31 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 32 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 184 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 2 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 3 places place VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 5 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 7 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 8 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 10 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 12 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 13 Augustus Augustus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 15 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 17 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 19 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 21 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 23 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 24 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 25 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 28 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 30 Nero Nero NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 32 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 185 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 4 Bas bas NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 6 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 7 carving carving NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 10 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 11 legionary legionary NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 12 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 14 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 15 dress dress NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 17 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 19 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 22 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 24 Pergamon Pergamon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 25 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 27 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 29 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 31 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 33 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 34 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 35 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 37 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 38 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 40 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 41 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 43 Howard Howard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 44 Hayes Hayes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 45 Scullard Scullard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 46 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 47 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 48 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 49 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 51 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 52 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 53 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 54 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 55 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 56 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 57 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 58 provincials provincial NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 59 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 60 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 61 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 62 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 63 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 64 lacked lack VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 65 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 66 genuine genuine JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 67 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 68 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 69 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 70 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 71 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 72 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 73 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 74 unofficially unofficially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 75 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 76 enlistment,"[65 enlistment,"[65 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 77 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 78 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 79 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 80 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 81 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 82 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 83 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 84 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 85 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 86 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 87 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 186 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 6 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 7 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 9 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 10 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 11 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 13 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 16 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 19 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 20 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 22 fulfill fulfill VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 24 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 25 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 27 recruitment recruitment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 28 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 187 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 2 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 3 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 5 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 7 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 9 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 10 puts put VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 12 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 13 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 16 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 20 50,000 50,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 21 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 24 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 25 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 26 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 28 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 29 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 30 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 188 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 6 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 10 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 11 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 13 transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 16 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 18 reorganized reorganize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 21 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 23 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 24 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 26 formalised formalise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 28 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 29 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 32 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 189 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 1 Rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 2 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 3 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 4 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 5 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 6 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 7 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 9 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 12 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 14 raising raise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 15 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 16 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 18 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 19 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 21 advance advance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 23 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 24 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 26 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 27 targets target NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 190 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 4 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 6 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 7 organisation organisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 10 auxilia auxilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 12 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 14 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 15 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 18 commanders commander NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 23 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 26 organised organise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 28 standardised standardised JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 29 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 30 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 32 turmae turmae NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 35 cavalry cavalry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 36 alae alae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 39 centuriae centuriae NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 42 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 43 cohortes cohorte NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 191 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 5 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 6 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 8 standardised standardise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 11 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 14 legions,[69 legions,[69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 17 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 18 retaining retain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 20 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 21 flavour flavour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 24 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 27 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 29 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 31 standardised standardise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 33 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 34 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 192 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 1 Cavalry Cavalry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 3 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 4 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 5 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 7 ala ala JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 8 quingenaria quingenaria NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 10 512 512 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 11 horsemen horseman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 15 ala ala NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 16 millaria millaria NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 18 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 19 horsemen horseman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 193 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 6 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 7 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 8 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 10 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 13 cohors cohor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 14 quingenaria quingenaria NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 16 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 17 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 20 cohors cohor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 21 millaria millaria NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 23 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 24 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 194 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 4 Mixed mix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 5 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 7 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 8 auxiliaries auxiliary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 10 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 11 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 14 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 15 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 17 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 19 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 20 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 23 cohors cohor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 24 equitata equitata NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 25 quingenaria quingenaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 26 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 28 380 380 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 29 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 31 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 32 horsemen horseman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 36 cohors cohor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 37 equitata equitata NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 38 millaria millaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 39 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 41 760 760 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 42 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 44 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 45 horsemen horseman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 195 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 5 vitality vitality NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 8 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 11 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 16 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 18 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 19 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 22 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 23 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 24 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 26 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 27 barbarise barbarise VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 29 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 31 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 32 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 33 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 36 happen happen VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 39 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 40 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 196 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 6 contrary contrary NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 8 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 9 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 12 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 16 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 17 strove strove VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 19 Romanise romanise VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 20 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 197 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 3 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 5 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 7 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 9 granting grant VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 10 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 13 advantages advantage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 17 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 18 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 19 eligible eligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 21 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 24 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 198 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 7 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 10 non non AFX en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 11 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 12 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 14 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 18 Navy Navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 20 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 21 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 23 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 25 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 26 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 27 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 30 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 199 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 2 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 5 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 7 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 10 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 11 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 12 prestigious prestigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 15 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 18 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 20 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 22 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 23 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 24 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 25 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 27 discharge discharge NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 28 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 29 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 200 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 2 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 4 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 6 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 7 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 9 staffed staff VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 12 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 14 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 15 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 16 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 22 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 23 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 24 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 26 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 27 squadron squadron NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 201 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 4 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 6 vexillationes vexillatione NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 8 76–117 76–117 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 10 AD)[edit AD)[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 13 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 15 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 16 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 18 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 21 cast cast NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 23 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 25 column column NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 27 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 29 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 31 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 33 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 35 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 36 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 38 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 40 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 42 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 43 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 46 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 47 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 49 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 52 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 53 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 55 backbone backbone NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 58 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 59 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 61 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 63 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 64 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 65 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 66 outnumbered outnumber VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 67 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 68 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 69 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 70 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 71 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 72 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 73 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 74 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 202 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 4 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 6 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 9 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 11 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 12 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 14 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 15 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 16 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 17 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 19 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 21 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 203 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 6 close close NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 9 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 13 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 15 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 18 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 20 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 21 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 25 remainder remainder NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 26 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 28 conquered conquered JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 29 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 204 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 5 technically technically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 7 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 9 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 11 enlist enlist VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 14 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 16 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 17 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 18 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 20 possess possess VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 21 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 22 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 25 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 27 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 28 instances instance NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 30 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 33 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 34 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 35 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 38 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 39 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 40 enlistment enlistment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 205 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 9 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 14 remained remain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 15 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 16 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 19 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 20 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 21 reached reach VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 22 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 24 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 25 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 206 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 8 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 9 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 11 protecting protect VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 12 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 13 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 14 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 16 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 18 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 19 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 22 latter latter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 26 characterised characterise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 28 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 30 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 31 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 207 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 6 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 8 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 9 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 10 stationed station VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 12 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 13 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 14 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 208 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 2 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 3 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 5 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 6 transferred transfer VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 8 theatres theatre NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 10 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 13 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 14 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 15 rooted root VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 20 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 21 bases basis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 24 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 26 detaching detach VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 28 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 29 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 31 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 33 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 35 vexillationes vexillatione NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 37 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 38 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 209 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 5 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 6 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 7 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 10 split split NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 13 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 15 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 17 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 18 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 20 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 22 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 23 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 26 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 27 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 210 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 2 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 5 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 6 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 8 dispatched dispatch VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 10 vexillationes vexillatione NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 14 remainder remainder NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 15 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 17 guard guard VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 18 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 19 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 22 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 23 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 25 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 26 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 28 injuries injury NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 30 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 31 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 211 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 4 Barbarisation barbarisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 7 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 9 117–253 117–253 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 11 AD)[edit AD)[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 13 Battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 15 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 16 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 20 Portonaccio Portonaccio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 21 sarcophagus sarcophagus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 23 190–200 190–200 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 25 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 27 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 30 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 31 Hadrian hadrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 33 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 35 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 38 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 39 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 40 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 42 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 43 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 44 percent[64 percent[64 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 47 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 48 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 49 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 50 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 212 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 2 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 3 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 5 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 7 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 8 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 11 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 12 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 14 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 15 staffing staffing NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 18 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 20 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 21 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 22 defences defence NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 24 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 26 limes lime NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 29 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 30 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 34 periphery periphery NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 35 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 36 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 38 consolidating consolidate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 39 Trajan Trajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 41 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 42 gains gain NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 213 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 2 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 4 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 7 stationed station VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 8 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 11 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 14 prospect prospect NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 15 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 16 attractive attractive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 18 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 19 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 20 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 22 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 23 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 214 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 5 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 6 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 8 pay pay VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 215 9 to to TO 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216 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 11 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 14 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 17 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 22 Romanised romanised JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 24 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 25 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 27 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 29 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 31 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 32 Illyria Illyria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 216 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 7 progressed progress VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 12 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 14 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 16 barbari barbari NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 19 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 21 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 22 inside inside RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 26 tasked task VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 28 aiding aid VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 31 defence defence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 34 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 36 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 217 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 6 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 8 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 9 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 11 barbarous barbarous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 13 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 15 barbarous barbarous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 16 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 18 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 19 admitted admit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 22 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 218 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 4 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 8 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 9 battling battle VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 10 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 11 troops 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drop NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 37 professionalism professionalism NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 40 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 42 contested contest VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 219 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 1 Antonio Antonio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 2 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 3 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 6 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 7 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 9 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 10 motivation motivation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 13 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 15 Marius Marius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 17 lapsed,[81 lapsed,[81 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 20 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 21 Alfoldi Alfoldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 22 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 25 Illyrian illyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 26 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 28 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 29 valiant valiant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 31 warlike,[79 warlike,[79 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 34 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 35 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 36 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 37 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 39 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 40 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 41 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 43 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 44 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 45 vivi vivi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 46 ad ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 47 arma arma NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 48 nati nati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 220 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 5 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 6 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 7 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 10 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 11 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 12 slacken slacken VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 15 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 16 granted grant VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 17 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 19 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 21 wives wife NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 22 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 24 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 25 lodgings lodging NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 27 permitted permit VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 29 adopt adopt VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 31 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 32 lavish lavish JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 34 comfortable comfortable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 35 lifestyle lifestyle NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 38 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 41 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 42 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 43 regimen regimen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 45 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 46 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 221 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 10 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 11 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 14 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 16 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 17 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 20 effectiveness effectiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 23 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 25 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 28 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 29 ferocity ferocity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 31 stature stature NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 34 barbari barbari JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 35 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 222 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 2 flavour flavour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 6 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 8 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 11 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 12 dictated dictate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 15 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 16 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 18 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 19 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 21 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 24 partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 25 barbarisation barbarisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 27 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 29 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 30 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 31 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 34 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 223 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 5 barbarisation barbarisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 8 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 9 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 11 paralleled parallel VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 14 concurrent concurrent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 15 barbarisation barbarisation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 18 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 19 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 23 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 24 senators senator NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 27 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 28 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 30 commanders commander NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 31 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 32 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 33 excluded exclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 36 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 224 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 2 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 4 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 6 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 7 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 10 figurehead figurehead NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 13 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 14 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 18 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 19 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 20 outside outside RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 22 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 24 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 25 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 26 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 27 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 225 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 6 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 7 nobleman nobleman NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 9 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 11 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 13 quick quick JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 15 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 17 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 19 intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 21 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 22 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 23 barbarian barbarian NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 25 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 27 ardour ardour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 29 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 30 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 32 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 33 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 35 burning burn VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 36 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 37 within within RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 226 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 3 fought fight VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 5 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 6 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 8 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 9 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 11 earned earn VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 13 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 15 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 17 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 18 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 20 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 22 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 24 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 25 elevated elevate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 28 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 30 Equestrian Equestrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 227 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 1 Velleius Velleius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 2 Paterculus Paterculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 4 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 7 2.108 2.108 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 9 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 10 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 12 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 13 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 17 citizen citizen JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 18 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 21 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 23 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 25 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 26 step step NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 29 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 31 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 34 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 35 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 37 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 39 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 42 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 44 auxilia auxilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 46 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 48 numeri numeri NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 228 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 4 Formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 6 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 8 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 9 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 10 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 11 troops,[52 troops,[52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 14 numeri numeri NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 16 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 18 subjugate subjugate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 19 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 21 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 23 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 25 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 27 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 29 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 31 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 34 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 229 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 3 both both RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 4 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 5 regimented regimented JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 7 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 8 Romanised romanised JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 10 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 11 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 16 pronounced pronounced JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 17 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 18 character,"[85 character,"[85 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 21 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 22 dress dress NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 24 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 25 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 26 cries cry NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 230 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 5 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 8 numeri numeri NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 11 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 14 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 16 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 17 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 21 nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 22 fierce fierce JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 24 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 26 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 27 balance balance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 29 light light JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 30 infantry infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 32 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 231 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 6 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 7 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 8 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 9 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 10 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 12 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 13 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 14 trained trained JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 16 auxilia auxilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 18 legions,[76 legions,[76 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 20 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 21 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 22 prestigious prestigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 23 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 24 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 25 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 26 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 29 utilised utilise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 232 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 7 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 8 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 9 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 11 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 13 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 16 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 17 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 20 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 233 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 4 Successive successive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 5 crises crisis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 7 238–359 238–359 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 8 AD)[edit ad)[edit IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 10 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 11 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 13 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 15 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 17 Sacer Sacer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 18 comitatus comitatus NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 19 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 20 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 23 carving carving NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 26 Sassanid sassanid JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 27 armoured armoured JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 28 knight knight NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 31 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 34 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 35 catafractarii catafractarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 36 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 38 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 39 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 41 enemy enemy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 42 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 44 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 46 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 48 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 49 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 50 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 51 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 52 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 54 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 55 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 56 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 57 pierce pierce VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 58 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 60 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 61 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 62 defensive defensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 63 perimeter perimeter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 64 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 65 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 66 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 67 axis axis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 69 penetration";[88 penetration";[88 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 70 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 71 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 73 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 74 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 75 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 77 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 78 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 79 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 80 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 81 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 82 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 83 pierced pierce VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 84 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 85 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 86 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 88 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 89 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 234 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 5 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 9 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 10 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 12 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 14 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 17 organic organic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 19 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 22 deliberate deliberate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 23 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 24 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 27 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 29 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 30 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 235 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 2 stronger strong JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 3 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 5 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 6 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 7 ranged ranged JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 8 combat combat NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 9 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 12 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 16 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 17 artillery artillery NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 19 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 21 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 22 ballistae ballistae NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 24 archery archery NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 26 darts dart NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 236 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 2 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 4 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 5 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 7 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 11 cavalryman cavalryman NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 13 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 14 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 15 infantryman infantryman NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 17 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 21 forty forty NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 25 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 237 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 4 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 7 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 8 Gallienus Gallienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 9 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 11 revolutionary revolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 12 step step NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 14 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 16 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 17 cavalry cavalry JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 18 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 19 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 23 kept keep VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 26 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 27 reserve reserve NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 30 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 32 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 34 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 35 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 238 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 3 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 5 Gallienus Gallienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 6 facilitated facilitate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 8 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 10 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 12 stripping strip VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 14 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 17 integral integral JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 18 mounted mount VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 19 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 239 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 5 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 6 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 8 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 9 regiments regiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 10 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 13 catafractarii catafractarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 15 clibanarii clibanarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 17 scutarii scutarii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 20 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 21 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 22 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 24 promoti promoti NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 240 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 1 Collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 4 regiments regiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 8 equites equite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 241 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 4 Around around RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 5 275 275 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 7 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 10 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 12 catafractarii catafractarii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 15 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 242 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 7 disagreement disagreement NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 9 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 12 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 13 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 15 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 16 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 18 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 19 Gallienus Gallienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 20 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 21 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 22 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 23 contemporaneously contemporaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 26 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 27 reliance reliance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 29 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 32 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 33 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 34 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 35 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 36 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 37 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 243 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 1 Alfoldi Alfoldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 2 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 4 believe believe VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 6 Gallienus Gallienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 8 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 10 contemporaneous contemporaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 13 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 15 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 16 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 244 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 6 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 8 Gallienus Gallienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 10 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 11 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 13 predominant predominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 14 troop troop NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 15 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 19 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 21 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 23 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 24 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 27 dominated dominate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 28 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 29 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 245 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 6 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 7 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 9 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 12 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 14 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 15 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 17 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 20 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 21 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 23 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 24 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 25 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 246 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 4 Larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 5 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 7 barbari barbari NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 8 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 10 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 14 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 15 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 21 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 24 contracted contract VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 26 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 30 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 32 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 33 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 34 organised organise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 36 numeri numeri NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 37 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 38 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 41 forerunners forerunner NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 44 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 45 rented rent VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 46 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 47 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 48 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 50 federated federate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 51 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 53 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 54 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 55 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 247 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 3 4][93 4][93 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 5 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 7 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 10 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 13 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 15 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 16 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 18 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 20 barbarised barbarised JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 23 numeri numeri NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 25 lacked lack VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 26 Romanisation Romanisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 28 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 29 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 30 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 32 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 33 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 37 ineligible ineligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 38 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 39 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 40 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 41 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 42 discharge discharge NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 248 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 5 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 6 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 9 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 11 fight fight VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 13 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 14 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 15 bands band NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 18 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 19 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 21 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 23 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 24 foederati foederati NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 26 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 28 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 29 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 31 split split VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 32 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 33 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 34 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 35 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 37 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 38 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 39 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 249 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 5 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 6 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 9 halfway halfway NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 10 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 12 numeri numeri NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 16 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 19 Romanised romanise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 23 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 26 raised raise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 27 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 30 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 31 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 34 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 35 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 36 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 38 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 250 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 1 Comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 3 limitanei limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 5 284–395 284–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 7 AD)[edit ad)[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 10 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 12 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 16 Scholae Scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 18 Palatini Palatini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 20 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 21 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 24 Comitatenses Comitatenses NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 27 Limitanei Limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 28 Bearded Bearded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 29 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 30 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 32 pictured picture VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 35 triumphal triumphal NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 36 arch arch JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 38 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 40 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 42 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 44 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 47 sculptured sculptured JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 48 panels panel NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 49 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 50 re re VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 51 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 52 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 53 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 54 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 55 monuments monument NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 57 Trajanic trajanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 58 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 251 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 2 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 4 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 5 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 6 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 9 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 10 reserve reserve NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 11 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 13 emerged emerge VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 16 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 18 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 19 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 21 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 22 man man VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 23 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 26 Hadrian Hadrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 28 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 30 Britannia Britannia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 33 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 34 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 36 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 252 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 2 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 3 demands demand NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 5 manned manned JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 6 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 8 strategic strategic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 9 reserve reserve NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 10 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 12 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 15 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 18 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 19 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 20 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 21 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 23 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 26 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 27 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 31 limitanei limitanei NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 33 riparienses ripariense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 34 patrolled patrol VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 36 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 38 defended defend VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 40 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 41 fortifications fortification NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 253 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 4 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 5 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 8 limitanei limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 11 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 13 hereditary"[79 hereditary"[79 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 15 militia militia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 19 tied tie VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 22 posts post NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 254 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 3 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 5 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 6 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 9 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 10 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 13 limitanei limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 15 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 16 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 17 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 19 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 20 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 22 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 25 river river NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 26 flotillas,[96][97][98 flotillas,[96][97][98 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 28 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 29 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 30 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 31 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 32 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 33 militia militia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 255 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 2 99][100 99][100 RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 6 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 9 cunei cunei NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 11 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 14 auxilia auxilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 16 infantry infantry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 17 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 23 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 24 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 25 reserves reserve NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 27 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 28 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 29 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 31 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 32 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 33 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 256 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 2 101][clarification 101][clarification CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 7 Pat Pat NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 8 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 10 Karen Karen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 11 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 14 legiones legione NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 16 auxilia auxilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 19 cunei cunei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 22 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 23 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 25 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 28 limitanei limitanei NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 31 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 33 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 34 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 36 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 37 cohortes cohorte NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 39 alae alae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 42 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 43 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 257 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 5 comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 8 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 10 palatini palatini NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 12 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 13 reserves reserve NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 15 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 18 rear rear NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 258 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 2 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 6 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 8 palatini palatini NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 10 comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 13 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 15 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 16 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 19 praesental praesental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 20 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 24 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 26 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 27 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 30 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 31 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 34 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 35 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 36 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 38 moved move VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 39 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 41 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 259 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 2 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 3 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 5 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 7 scholae scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 9 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 11 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 12 praetorian praetorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 13 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 260 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 2 scholae scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 5 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 6 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 10 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 11 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 13 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 261 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 1 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 2 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 5 scholae scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 6 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 8 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 9 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 10 reserves reserve NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 12 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 14 scholae scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 16 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 19 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 20 rear rear NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 21 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 24 comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 27 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 30 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 33 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 35 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 37 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 38 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 262 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 2 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 5 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 6 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 7 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 10 palatini palatini NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 12 comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 13 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 14 derived derive VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 17 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 18 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 19 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 22 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 23 sacer sacer NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 24 comitatus comitatus NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 263 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 1 Created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 3 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 6 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 7 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 10 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 12 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 13 bodyguards,[clarification bodyguards,[clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 14 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 17 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 18 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 19 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 21 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 23 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 24 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 26 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 27 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 28 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 29 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 32 accounted account VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 35 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 36 bodyguard bodyguard NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 37 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 39 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 40 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 41 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 42 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 43 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 45 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 46 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 48 campaign campaign VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 49 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 51 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 52 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 53 vexillation vexillation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 54 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 264 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 2 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 3 needed][104 needed][104 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 5 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 7 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 8 troop troop NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 9 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 12 limitanei limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 14 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 15 guards guard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 18 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 19 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 21 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 22 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 25 lowest low JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 26 quality,[105 quality,[105 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 28 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 29 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 31 peasant peasant NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 33 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 36 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 38 grossly grossly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 39 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 43 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 44 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 46 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 47 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 49 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 50 counterparts counterpart NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 53 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 54 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 55 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 265 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 2 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 6 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 7 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 8 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 9 establishes establish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 12 limitanei limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 14 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 15 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 266 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 2 96][97][98 96][97][98 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 6 limitanei limitanei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 8 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 10 deal deal VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 12 policing police VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 13 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 15 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 17 intensity intensity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 18 incursions incursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 21 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 23 responding respond VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 26 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 27 incidents incident NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 28 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 29 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 31 provincial provincial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 32 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 267 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 2 contradictory contradictory JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 5 countering countering NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 8 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 9 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 10 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 11 incursions incursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 14 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 15 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 18 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 21 comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 23 palatini palatini NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 25 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 26 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 27 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 29 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 30 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 33 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 35 scholae scholae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 268 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 2 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 4 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 5 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 6 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 9 mix mix NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 11 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 13 cavalry cavalry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 14 units[107 units[107 . en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 16 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 18 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 20 cavalry cavalry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 23 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 26 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 28 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 31 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 32 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 33 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 269 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 2 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 4 Overall overall RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 6 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 7 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 8 quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 11 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 12 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 14 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 15 troops[108 troops[108 . en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 19 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 21 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 270 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 1 Older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 2 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 6 Eleventh Eleventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 7 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 10 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 11 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 13 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 15 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 19 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 22 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 23 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 26 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 28 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 29 predominance predominance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 32 horseman horseman NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 34 characterised characterise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 36 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 37 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 40 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 41 Ages,"[1 Ages,"[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 44 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 45 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 46 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 47 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 48 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 49 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 51 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 52 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 53 predominant predominant NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 271 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 7 dispute dispute NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 8 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 9 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 11 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 12 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 13 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 15 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 17 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 18 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 20 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 21 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 23 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 24 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 25 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 26 reorganised reorganise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 28 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 29 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 32 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 33 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 35 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 36 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 37 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 39 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 40 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 272 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 4 Both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 5 Diocletian diocletian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 7 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 9 predecessor predecessor NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 11 thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 13 Gallienus Gallienus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 15 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 17 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 18 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 19 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 20 reserves reserve NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 22 assist assist VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 24 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 26 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 27 forces;[111 forces;[111 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 29 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 30 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 32 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 33 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 34 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 35 nascent nascent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 36 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 38 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 39 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 40 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 273 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 2 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 4 Recruitment recruitment NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 6 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 7 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 8 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 10 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 11 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 12 curtailed curtail VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 15 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 18 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 19 population,[113 population,[113 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 22 cripplingly cripplingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 23 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 25 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 27 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 28 exempted exempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 30 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 31 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 34 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 36 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 38 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 39 pacifist pacifist NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 40 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 274 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 3 5][114 5][114 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 5 Together together RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 8 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 9 culminated culminate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 13 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 16 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 17 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 20 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 22 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 23 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 275 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 3 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 7 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 9 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 13 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 15 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 16 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 18 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 19 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 20 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 21 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 22 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 23 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 25 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 27 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 276 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 277 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 277 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 277 3 these these DT 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 277 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 277 27 Sarmatians Sarmatians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 277 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 2 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 5 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 6 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 8 legiones legione NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 9 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 10 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 11 late late RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 14 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 17 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 19 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 21 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 22 armies,[118 armies,[118 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 25 legionary legionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 26 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 28 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 29 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 31 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 34 principate principate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 36 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 37 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 278 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 279 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 279 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 279 3 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 279 4 legion legion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 279 5 continued continue VBD 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citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 281 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 2 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 4 Either Either NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 5 Diocletian[121 Diocletian[121 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 8 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 9 reorganised reorganise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 11 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 13 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 14 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 15 units[107 units[107 . en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 19 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 282 21 some some DT 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 14 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 16 consent consent VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 18 wear wear VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 20 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 21 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 23 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 24 armour armour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 27 legionaries legionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 29 old"[122 old"[122 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 35 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 36 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 37 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 38 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 39 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 41 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 42 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 43 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 44 prohibited prohibit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 45 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 46 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 47 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 48 armour armour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 49 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 50 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 51 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 53 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 55 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 56 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 57 mobility mobility NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 283 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 2 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 4 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 7 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 10 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 13 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 15 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 17 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 18 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 19 legions legion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 24 armed arm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 27 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 29 spears spear NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 31 bows bow NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 33 slings sling NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 35 darts dart NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 37 swords sword NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 39 reflecting reflect VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 41 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 42 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 43 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 44 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 45 ranged ranged JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 46 fighting fighting NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 284 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 5 auxilia auxilia NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 7 numeri numeri NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 10 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 11 disappeared disappear VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 285 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 2 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 4 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 5 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 6 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 8 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 10 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 11 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 14 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 15 army;[126 army;[126 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 18 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 19 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 21 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 22 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 24 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 25 legionaries legionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 26 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 27 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 28 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 29 dress dress NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 286 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 2 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 6 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 8 Diocletian Diocletian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 10 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 15 numbered number VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 16 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 17 390,000 390,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 18 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 23 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 26 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 27 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 28 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 29 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 31 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 33 581,000 581,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 34 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 287 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 2 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 4 Adoption Adoption NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 6 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 7 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 9 358–395 358–395 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 11 AD)[edit AD)[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 13 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 15 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 16 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 20 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 22 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 23 chronically chronically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 24 deficient deficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 26 raising raise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 27 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 28 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 30 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 31 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 32 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 33 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 288 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 2 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 6 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 8 taxation taxation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 9 raised raise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 10 internally internally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 12 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 15 subsidise subsidise VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 16 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 17 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 19 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 20 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 289 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 2 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 9 recruited recruit VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 10 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 14 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 16 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 17 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 18 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 290 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 2 358 358 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 4 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 7 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 9 accelerated accelerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 12 wholescale wholescale NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 13 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 16 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 17 Salian Salian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 18 Franks Franks NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 19 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 24 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 26 ready ready JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 27 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 30 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 291 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 2 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 4 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 5 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 7 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 9 foederatii foederatii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 11 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 12 Gallia Gallia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 15 near near JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 16 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 19 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 22 Franks Franks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 24 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 26 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 28 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 30 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 32 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 33 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 35 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 36 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 38 serve serve VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 40 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 41 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 292 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 2 376 376 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 6 band band NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 8 Goths Goths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 9 asked ask VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 10 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 11 Valens Valens NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 13 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 15 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 18 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 19 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 22 Danube Danube NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 23 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 25 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 26 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 29 Franks Franks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 293 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 2 Goths Goths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 5 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 8 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 10 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 15 rebelled rebel VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 16 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 17 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 18 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 20 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 22 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 25 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 27 Adrianople Adrianople NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 294 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 2 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 3 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 7 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 8 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 11 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 12 ironically ironically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 13 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 18 rely rely VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 19 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 20 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 23 foederati foederati JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 24 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 26 supplement supplement VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 28 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 295 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 2 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 5 382 382 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 8 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 10 radically radically RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 11 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 12 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 13 federated federate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 14 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 16 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 17 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 18 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 19 masse masse FW en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 21 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 22 contingents contingent NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 24 laeti laeti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 26 foederatii foederatii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 27 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 28 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 30 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 31 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 32 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 296 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 2 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 4 Near near IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 6 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 7 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 8 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 12 408 408 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 14 433 433 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 16 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 17 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 18 usurpers usurper NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 20 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 23 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 24 deputies deputy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 27 Constantine Constantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 28 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 30 Constantius Constantius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 31 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 33 Aetius Aetius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 35 Bonifacius Bonifacius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 36 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 38 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 39 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 41 necessitating necessitate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 43 handing handing NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 44 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 46 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 47 taxable taxable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 48 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 50 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 297 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 2 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 4 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 7 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 8 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 9 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 11 dispute dispute NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 298 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 1 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 4 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 5 regiments regiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 6 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 7 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 9 cavalry[130 cavalry[130 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 13 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 14 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 17 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 18 levy levy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 21 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 22 campaign campaign NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 23 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 27 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 28 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 32 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 33 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 36 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 299 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 1 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 2 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 3 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 6 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 8 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 11 overstated overstate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 13 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 14 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 16 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 300 19 A.H.M. A.H.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 301 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 301 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 1 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 5 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 7 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 9 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 10 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 12 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 14 citizens,[Note citizens,[note NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 15 6][131 6][131 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 18 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 19 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 22 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 24 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 26 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 27 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 28 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 29 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 30 citizen citizen JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 31 barbari barbari NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 302 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 2 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 4 Collapse Collapse NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 7 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 9 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 12 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 14 395–476 395–476 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 16 AD)[edit AD)[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 18 Mosaic Mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 20 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 22 presumed presume VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 26 Gothic gothic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 27 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 28 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 303 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 2 Goths Goths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 4 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 6 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 9 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 12 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 17 federated federated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 18 mobile mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 19 field field NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 20 army army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 22 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 25 comitatenses comitatense NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 28 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 29 split split VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 30 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 32 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 34 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 35 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 36 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 39 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 40 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 41 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 42 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 44 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 45 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 46 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 47 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 49 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 52 comitatensis comitatensis NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 53 palatina palatina NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 55 praesentalis praesentalis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 58 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 59 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 60 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 61 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 304 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 4 Historians Historians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 5 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 7 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 8 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 11 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 12 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 13 degraded degrade VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 15 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 17 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 18 garrison garrison NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 19 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 23 limitanei limitanei NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 26 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 27 supplemented supplement VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 29 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 305 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 6 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 10 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 11 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 13 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 14 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 16 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 17 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 18 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 19 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 21 rented rent VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 22 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 23 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 26 foederati foederati NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 306 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 2 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 6 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 8 progressed progress VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 15 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 16 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 19 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 20 wholly wholly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 22 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 23 denuded denude VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 25 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 27 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 29 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 30 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 31 army army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 307 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 2 133][134 133][134 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 5 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 8 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 12 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 13 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 14 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 15 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 17 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 19 Illyricum Illyricum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 21 Gallia Gallia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 23 Britannia Britannia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 25 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 28 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 29 twelve twelve CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 30 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 31 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 308 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 2 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 3 430 430 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 6 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 7 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 8 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 10 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 12 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 14 Tingitania Tingitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 17 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 18 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 20 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 21 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 23 Britannia[134 Britannia[134 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 28 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 30 Gaul Gaul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 32 Hispania Hispania NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 35 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 309 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 7 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 12 palatine palatine JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 13 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 14 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 17 Constantinople Constantinople NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 21 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 22 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 23 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 27 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 30 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 34 Illyricum Illyricum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 37 fifteen fifteen CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 38 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 39 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 310 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 2 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 5 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 6 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 8 terrible terrible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 9 rumour rumour NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 10 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 11 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 14 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 311 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 2 told tell VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 3 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 8 siege siege NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 12 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 13 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 16 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 21 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 22 buy buy VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 24 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 27 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 28 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 30 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 31 stripped strip VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 33 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 35 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 37 besieged besiege VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 38 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 40 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 42 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 43 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 44 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 45 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 47 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 49 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 50 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 51 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 52 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 312 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 2 messenger messenger NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 3 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 5 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 8 faltering falter VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 9 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 12 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 13 hardly hardly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 14 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 16 sobbing sob VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 313 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 2 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 3 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 5 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 7 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 9 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 10 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 11 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 13 Jerome Jerome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 15 Letters Letters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 17 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 18 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 20 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 22 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 23 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 24 thin thin JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 25 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 27 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 28 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 33 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 34 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 36 dwindle dwindle VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 38 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 41 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 44 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 45 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 314 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 4 Barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 5 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 6 bands band NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 7 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 8 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 10 penetrate penetrate VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 12 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 14 vulnerable vulnerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 15 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 17 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 19 settlers settler NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 21 invaders invader NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 315 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 2 451 451 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 5 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 6 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 7 Attila Attila NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 9 Hun Hun NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 12 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 14 assistance assistance NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 17 confederation confederation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 19 foederatii foederatii NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 20 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 23 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 24 Visigoths visigoth NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 26 Franks Franks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 28 Alans Alans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 316 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 2 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 3 incursions incursion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 4 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 7 advancing advance VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 8 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 9 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 12 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 14 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 16 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 18 borders border NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 19 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 21 collapse collapse VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 24 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 25 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 26 swiftly swiftly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 27 finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 28 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 29 cut cut VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 30 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 31 deep deep RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 34 enemy enemy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 36 rear rear NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 317 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 2 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 4 Simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 6 barbarian barbarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 7 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 11 pay pay NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 12 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 18 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 20 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 21 perpetual perpetual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 22 turbulence turbulence NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 24 revolt"[137 revolt"[137 NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 27 409 409 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 28 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 318 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 2 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 4 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 5 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 6 unseated unseat VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 8 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 9 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 319 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 2 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 5 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 6 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 7 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 8 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 10 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 12 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 13 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 15 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 17 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 18 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 20 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 22 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 320 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 2 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 5 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 8 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 9 Adrian Adrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 10 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 12 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 15 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 18 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 25 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 26 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 29 blamed blame VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 31 barbarization barbarization NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 34 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 35 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 36 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 38 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 39 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 40 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 41 recurrent recurrent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 42 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 43 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 45 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 46 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 48 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 49 inability inability NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 51 repel repel VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 52 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 53 defeat defeat VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 54 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 55 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 56 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 57 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 58 frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 321 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 5 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 6 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 10 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 12 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 13 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 14 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 16 contend contend VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 20 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 21 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 23 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 24 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 25 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 30 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 32 383–432 383–432 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 33 A.D.[140 A.D.[140 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 35 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 36 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 38 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 39 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 40 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 41 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 42 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 43 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 44 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 47 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 48 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 49 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 50 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 51 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 54 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 55 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 56 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 57 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 58 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 59 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 60 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 61 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 62 Socii Socii NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 63 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 64 auxiliaries auxiliarie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 65 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 66 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 67 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 68 Byzantine byzantine JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 69 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 70 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 72 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 73 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 75 fitness fitness NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 76 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 77 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 78 Explanatory explanatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 79 notes[edit notes[edit , en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 80 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 81 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 82 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 83 eleventh eleventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 84 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 87 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 88 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 89 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 90 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 91 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 92 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 93 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 94 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 95 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 96 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 97 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 98 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 322 99 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 2 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 3 viewpoint viewpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 5 echoed echo VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 8 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 9 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 11 eleventh eleventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 12 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 15 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 18 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 21 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 22 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 25 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 26 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 28 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 30 Puritan Puritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 31 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 33 Cromwell Cromwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 34 terrible terrible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 35 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 37 excellent excellent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 38 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 41 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 42 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 45 rigid rigid JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 46 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 49 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 50 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 323 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 2 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 3 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 4 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 8 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 9 levies levy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 11 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 12 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 14 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 17 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 18 season season NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 20 403BC 403BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 324 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 1 Citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 2 forced force VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 4 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 6 prosecute prosecute VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 7 hostilities hostility NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 8 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 10 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 12 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 13 outraged outraged JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 18 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 19 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 20 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 21 close close RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 23 tearing tear VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 25 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 27 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 28 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 30 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 31 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 33 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 34 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 325 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 3 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 5 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 7 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 8 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 13 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 15 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 17 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 19 last last VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 21 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 24 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 25 season season NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 29 Marius Marius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 30 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 31 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 33 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 34 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 35 radical radical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 37 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 38 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 326 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 3 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 5 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 6 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 8 federated federate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 14 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 16 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 17 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 18 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 19 supplied supply VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 21 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 22 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 23 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 24 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 25 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 27 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 31 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 33 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 35 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 37 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 38 virtues virtue NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 40 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 41 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 42 discouraged discourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 43 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 46 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 47 remains remain NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 49 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 50 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 51 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 52 buried bury VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 55 cloister cloister NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 327 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 2 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 3 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 6 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 8 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 9 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 14 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 16 350 350 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 18 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 19 Citations[edit Citations[edit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 21 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 23 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 24 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 25 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 27 Eleventh Eleventh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 28 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 30 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 34 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 35 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 36 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 37 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 39 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 41 Name name NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 43 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 45 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 46 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 47 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 48 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 50 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 51 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 53 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 55 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 56 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 58 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 59 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 60 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 61 Keppie Keppie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 63 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 64 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 67 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 68 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 70 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 71 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 72 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 73 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 75 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 76 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 78 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 80 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 81 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 83 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 84 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 85 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 86 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 88 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 89 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 90 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 91 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 93 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 94 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 95 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 96 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 98 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 99 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 101 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 102 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 103 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 104   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 105 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 106 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 107 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 108 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 109 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 110 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 112 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 113 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 114 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 115 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 116 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 117 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 118 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 120 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 121 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 122 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 123 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 124 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 125 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 126 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 127 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 129 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 130 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 131 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 132 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 133 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 134 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 135   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 136 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 138 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 139 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 140 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 141 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 143 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 144 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 145 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 146 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 147 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 148 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 149   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 150 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 151 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 152 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 153 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 154 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 155 Mommsen Mommsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 156 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 157 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 158 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 159 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 160 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 161 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 162 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 163 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 164 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 165 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 166 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 167 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 168 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 169 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 170 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 171 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 172 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 173 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 174 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 175 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 176 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 177 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 178 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 179 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 180 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 181 Pallottino Pallottino NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 182 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 183 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 184 Etruscans Etruscans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 185 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 186 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 187 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 188 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 189 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 190 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 191 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 192 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 193 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 194 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 195 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 196 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 197 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 198 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 199 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 200 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 201 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 202 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 203 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 204 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 205 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 206 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 207 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 208 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 209 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 210 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 211 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 212 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 213 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 214 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 215 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 216 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 217 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 218 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 219 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 220 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 221 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 222 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 223 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 224 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 225 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 226 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 227 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 228 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 229 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 230 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 231 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 232 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 233 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 234 Gabba Gabba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 235 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 236 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 237 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 238 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 239 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 240 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 241 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 242 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 243 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 244 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 245 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 246 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 247 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 248 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 249 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 250 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 251 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 252 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 253 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 254 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 255 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 256 334 334 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 257 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 258 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 259 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 260 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 261 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 262 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 263 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 264 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 265 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 266 454 454 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 267 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 268 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 269 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 270 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 271 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 272 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 273 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 274 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 275 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 276 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 277 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 278 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 279 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 280 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 281 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 282 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 283 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 284 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 285 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 286 454 454 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 287 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 288 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 289 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 290 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 291 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 292 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 293 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 294 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 295 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 296 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 297 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 298 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 299 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 300 Gabba Gabba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 301 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 302 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 303 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 304 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 305 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 306 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 307 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 308 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 309 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 310 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 311 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 312 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 313 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 314 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 315 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 316 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 317 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 318 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 319 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 320 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 321 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 322 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 323 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 324 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 325 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 326 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 327 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 328 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 329 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 330 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 331 Faber Faber NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 332 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 333 Faber Faber NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 334 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 335 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 336 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 337 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 338 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 339 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 340 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 341 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 342 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 343 Samnite Samnite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 344 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 345 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 328 346 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 329 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 330 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 330 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 330 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 330 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 330 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 330 6 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 330 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 2 Sekunda Sekunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 6 Armies Armies NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 9 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 10 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 11 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 16 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 18 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 19 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 22 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 25 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 26 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 27 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 28 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 30 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 32 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 35 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 36 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 38 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 39 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 40 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 41 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 42 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 44 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 46 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 48 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 49 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 50 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 52 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 53 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 54 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 56 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 58 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 59 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 60 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 61 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 62 Maniple Maniple NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 63 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 64 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 66 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 67 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 68 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 69 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 70 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 71 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 73 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 74 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 75 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 78 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 79 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 81 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 82 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 83 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 84 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 86 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 87 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 89 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 91 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 92 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 94 ch ch NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 331 95 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 4 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 5 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 6 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 10 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 11 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 14 156 156 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 16 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 18 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 21 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 22 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 23 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 24 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 25 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 28 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 29 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 31 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 32 Gabba Gabba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 34 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 35 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 37 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 38 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 40 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 41 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 43 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 44 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 45 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 47 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 48 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 49 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 50 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 51 Gabba Gabba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 53 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 54 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 56 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 57 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 59 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 60 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 62 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 63 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 64 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 65 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 67 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 69 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 71 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 72 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 73 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 74 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 76 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 77 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 78 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 79 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 81 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 82 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 83 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 84 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 86 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 87 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 89 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 90 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 91 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 92 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 94 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 95 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 96 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 97 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 99 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 101 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 103 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 104 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 105 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 106 Gabba Gabba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 107 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 108 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 109 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 110 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 111 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 112 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 113 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 114 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 115 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 116 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 117 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 118 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 119 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 120 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 121 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 122 Scullard Scullard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 123 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 124 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 125 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 126 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 127 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 129 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 130 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 131 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 132 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 133 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 134 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 135 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 136 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 137 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 138 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 139 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 140 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 141 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 142 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 143 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 144 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 145 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 146 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 147 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 148 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 149 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 150 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 151 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 152 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 153 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 154 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 155 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 156 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 157 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 158 Annals Annals NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 159 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 160 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 161 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 162 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 163 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 164 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 165 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 166 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 167 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 168 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 169 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 170 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 171 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 172 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 173 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 174 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 175 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 176 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 177 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 178 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 179 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 180 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 181 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 182 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 183 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 184 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 185 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 186 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 187 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 188 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 189 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 190 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 191 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 192 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 193 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 194 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 195 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 196 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 197 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 198 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 199 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 200 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 201 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 202 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 203 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 204 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 205 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 206 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 207 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 208 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 209 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 210 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 211 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 212 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 213 Gabba Gabba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 214 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 215 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 216 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 217 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 218 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 219 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 220 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 221 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 222 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 223 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 224 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 225 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 226 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 227 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 228 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 229 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 230 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 231 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 232 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 233 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 234 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 235 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 236 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 237 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 238 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 239 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 240 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 241 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 242 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 243 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 244 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 245 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 246 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 247 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 248 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 249 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 250 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 251 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 252 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 253 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 254 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 255 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 256 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 257 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 258 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 259 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 260 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 261 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 262 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 263 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 264 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 265 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 266 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 267 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 268 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 269 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 270 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 271 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 272 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 273 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 274 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 275 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 276 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 277 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 278 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 279 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 280 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 281 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 282 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 283 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 284 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 285 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 286 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 287 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 288 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 289 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 290 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 291 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 292 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 293 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 294 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 295 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 296 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 297 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 298 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 299 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 300 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 301 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 302 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 303 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 304 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 305 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 306 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 307 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 308 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 309 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 310 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 311 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 312 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 313 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 314 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 315 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 316 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 317 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 318 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 319 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 320 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 321 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 322 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 323 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 324 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 325 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 326 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 327 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 328 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 329 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 330 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 331 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 332 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 333 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 334 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 335 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 336 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 337 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 338 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 339 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 340 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 341 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 342 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 343 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 344 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 345 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 346 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 347 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 348 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 349 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 350 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 351 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 352 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 353 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 354 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 355 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 356 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 357 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 358 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 359 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 360 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 361 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 362 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 363 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 364 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 365 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 366 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 367 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 368 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 369 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 370 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 371 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 372 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 373 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 374 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 375 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 376 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 377 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 378 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 379 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 380 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 381 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 382 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 383 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 384 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 385 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 386 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 387 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 388 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 389 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 390 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 391 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 392 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 393 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 394 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 395 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 396 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 397 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 398 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 399 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 400 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 401 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 402 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 403 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 404 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 405 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 406 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 407 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 408 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 409 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 410 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 411 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 412 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 413 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 414 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 415 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 416 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 417 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 418 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 419 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 420 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 421 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 422 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 423 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 424 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 425 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 426 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 427 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 428 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 429 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 430 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 431 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 432 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 433 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 434 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 435 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 436 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 437 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 438 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 439 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 440 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 441 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 442 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 443 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 444 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 445 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 446 Hassall Hassall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 447 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 448 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 449 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 450 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 451 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 452 325 325 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 453 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 454 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 455 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 456 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 457 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 458 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 459 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 460 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 461 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 462 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 463 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 464 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 465 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 466 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 467 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 468 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 469 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 470 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 471 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 472 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 473 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 474 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 475 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 476 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 477 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 478 Scullard Scullard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 479 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 480 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 481 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 482 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 483 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 484 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 485 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 486 338 338 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 487 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 488 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 489 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 490 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 491 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 492 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 493 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 494 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 495 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 496 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 497 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 498 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 499 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 500 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 501 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 502 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 503 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 504 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 505 Mattingly Mattingly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 506 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 507 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 508 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 509 Possession Possession NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 510 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 511 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 512 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 513 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 514 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 515 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 516 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 517 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 332 518 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 1 166–168 166–168 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 3 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 6 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 7 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 8 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 11 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 13 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 17 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 18 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 21 152 152 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 22 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 24 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 25 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 28 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 29 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 30 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 32 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 33 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 34 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 35 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 37 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 38 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 39 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 40 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 42 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 43 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 44 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 45 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 47 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 48 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 49 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 50 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 52 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 53 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 54 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 55 Hassall Hassall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 57 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 58 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 59 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 61 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 62   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 63 70–192 70–192 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 65 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 66 320 320 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 67 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 68 Hassall Hassall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 70 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 71 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 72 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 74 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 75   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 76 70–192 70–192 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 78 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 79 331 331 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 80 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 81 Hassall Hassall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 83 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 84 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 85 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 87 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 88 70–192 70–192 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 89 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 90 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 91 331 331 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 92 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 93 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 95 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 96 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 97 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 98 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 99 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 101 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 102 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 104 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 105 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 106 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 107 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 108 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 109 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 110 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 111 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 112 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 113 Alfoldi Alfoldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 115 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 116 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 117 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 118 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 119 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 121 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 122 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 123 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 124 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 125 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 126 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 127 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 128 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 129 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 130 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 131 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 132 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 134 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 135 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 136 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 137 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 138 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 139 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 140 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 141 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 142 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 143 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 144 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 145 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 146 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 147 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 333 148 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 1 153–154 153–154 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 4 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 5 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 6 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 7 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 8 Alfoldi Alfoldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 11 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 14 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 17 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 19 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 22 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 24 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 27 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 334 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 4 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 6 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 8 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 11 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 12 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 13 Tacitus Tacitus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 15 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 17 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 19 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 21 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 23 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 25 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 28 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 29 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 30 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 32 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 34 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 36 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 37 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 38 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 39 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 41 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 42 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 43 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 46 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 47 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 49 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 50 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 51 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 52 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 54 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 55 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 56 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 59 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 60 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 62 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 63 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 64 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 65 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 66 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 67 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 68 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 69 Alfoldi Alfoldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 71 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 72 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 75 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 77 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 78 216 216 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 79 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 80 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 82 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 83 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 84 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 87 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 88 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 89 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 90 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 91 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 92 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 93 Alfoldi alfoldi RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 95 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 96 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 97 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 98 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 99 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 101 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 102 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 103 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 104 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 106 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 107 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 108 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 109 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 110 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 111 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 112 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 113 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 335 114 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 1 58–67 58–67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 2 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 3 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 5 Warfare Warfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 8 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 11 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 12 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 14 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 16 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 19 190 190 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 21 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 23 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 26 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 27 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 28 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 30 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 336 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 1 11–12 11–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 3 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 8 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 10 284–1081 284–1081 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 13 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 337 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 4 Alfoldi Alfoldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 7 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 13 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 15 Alfoldi alfoldi RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 18 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 21 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 24 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 25 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 27 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 28 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 31 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 33 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 35 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 36 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 37 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 39 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 40 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 41 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 43 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 44 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 338 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 4 Strobel Strobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 8 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 339 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 4 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 6 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 8 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 11 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 340 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 341 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 341 2 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 341 3 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 341 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 341 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 341 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 342 1 97–98 97–98 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 342 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 4 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 6 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 8 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 11 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 343 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 2 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 5 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 6 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 13 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 14 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 15 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 17 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 18 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 20 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 22 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 23 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 344 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 2 452 452 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 3 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 4 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 7 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 12 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 15 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 16 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 19 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 21 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 24 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 25 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 26 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 29 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 31 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 32 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 33 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 34 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 36 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 37 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 39 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 41 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 42 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 345 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 2 452 452 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 3 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 4 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 12 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 14 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 16 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 18 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 21 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 22 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 23 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 26 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 27 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 30 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 31 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 33 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 346 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 1 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 3 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 6 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 7 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 8 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 10 Scullard Scullard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 15 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 18 534 534 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 20 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 22 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 23 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 25 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 27 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 28 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 347 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 2 451 451 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 4 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 6 Warfare Warfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 11 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 12 350–425 350–425 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 348 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 1 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 3 105–106 105–106 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 4 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 5 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 7 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 10 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 349 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 350 1 44–59 44–59 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 350 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 2 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 4 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 7 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 9 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 351 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 352 1 15–38 15–38 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 352 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 2 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 5 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 8 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 9 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 10 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 11 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 12 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 15 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 17 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 353 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 1 11–17 11–17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 3 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 5 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 8 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 10 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 354 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 1 15–20 15–20 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 3 37–38 37–38 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 5 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 12 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 13 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 355 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 2 451 451 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 3 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 4 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 6 Scullard Scullard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 14 537 537 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 15 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 16 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 19 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 21 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 24 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 25 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 26 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 29 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 31 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 34 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 37 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 38 XXXVIII xxxviii NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 40 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 41 622 622 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 42 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 43 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 45 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 46 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 48 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 50 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 51 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 52 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 53 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 55 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 57 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 59 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 60 229 229 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 61 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 63 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 64 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 66 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 67 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 69 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 71 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 72 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 73 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 74 Alfoldi alfoldi UH en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 76 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 77 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 80 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 82 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 83 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 84 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 85 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 87 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 88 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 90 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 91 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 92 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 93 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 95 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 96 451 451 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 97 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 98 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 99 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 100 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 101 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 102 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 103 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 105 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 106 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 107 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 108 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 109 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 110 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 111 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 112 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 113 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 114 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 115 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 116 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 117 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 118 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 119 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 120 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 121 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 122 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 123 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 124 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 125 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 126 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 127 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 128 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 129 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 130 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 131 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 132 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 133 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 134 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 135 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 136 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 137 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 138 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 139 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 140 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 141 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 142 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 143 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 144 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 145 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 146 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 147 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 148 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 356 149 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 2 453 453 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 3 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 4 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 7 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 12 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 14 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 17 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 18 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 24 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 25 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 27 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 28 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 31 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 35 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 36 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 37 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 38 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 39 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 40 Scullard Scullard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 42 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 43 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 45 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 47 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 48 535 535 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 49 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 50 Alfoldi alfoldi UH en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 52 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 53 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 56 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 58 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 59 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 60 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 61 Alfoldi alfoldi UH en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 63 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 64 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 67 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 69 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 70 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 71 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 72 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 74 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 75 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 76 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 79 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 80 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 82 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 83 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 84 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 85 Alfoldi alfoldi UH en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 87 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 88 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 91 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 93 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 94 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 95 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 96 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 98 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 99 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 100 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 101 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 103 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 104 310 310 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 105 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 106 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 107 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 108 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 109 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 110 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 111 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 112 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 113 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 114 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 116 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 117 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 118 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 119 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 120 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 121 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 122 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 123 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 124 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 125 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 126 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 127 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 128 334 334 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 129 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 130 Ammianus Ammianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 131 Marcellinus Marcellinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 132 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 133 Historiae Historiae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 134 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 135 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 136 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 138 chapters chapter NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 139 3–16 3–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 357 140 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 2 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 4 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 6 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 9 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 10 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 11 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 13 Warfare Warfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 16 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 18 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 358 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 359 1 145–152 145–152 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 359 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 2 Santosuosso Santosuosso NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 4 Storming storm VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 6 Heavens Heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 9 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 12 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 13 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 14 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 17 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 18 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 22 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 24 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 25 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 28 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 29 Salway Salway NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 360 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 1 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 4 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 7 437 437 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 9 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 11 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 14 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 16 284–1081 284–1081 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 18 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 361 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 362 1 43–59 43–59 LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 362 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 2 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 7 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 9 525 525 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 10 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 13 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 14 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 15 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 17 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 18 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 20 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 23 344 344 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 24 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 25 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 28 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 32 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 33 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 34 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 35 Runciman Runciman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 37 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 38 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 40 Constantinople constantinople NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 42 1453 1453 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 363 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 2 Adrian Adrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 3 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 5 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 11 Slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 12 Death death NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 15 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 16 Superpower Superpower NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 18 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 19 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 21 Weidenfeld Weidenfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 22 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 23 Nicolson Nicolson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 25 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 26 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 28 Orion Orion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 29 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 30 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 32 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 34 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 364 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 1 Published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 4 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 6 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 7 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 8 Fell Fell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 10 Death death NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 13 Superpower Superpower NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 365 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 1 Bibliography[edit bibliography[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 3 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 4 sources[edit sources[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 6 Livy Livy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 8 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 10 Founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 13 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 15 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 17 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 19 Book book NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 20 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 23 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 25 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 27 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 28 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 29 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 31 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 33 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 35 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 37 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 39 282296 282296 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 40 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 41 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 43 Ammianus Ammianus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 44 Marcellinus Marcellinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 46 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 47 Gestae Gestae NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 49 Fine Fine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 50 Corneli Corneli NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 51 Taciti Taciti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 52 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 53 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 54 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 55 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 366 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 1 Notitia Notitia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 2 Dignitatum Dignitatum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 3 Polybius Polybius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 6 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 12 LacusCurtius LacusCurtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 13 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 15 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 19 1927 1927 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 367 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 2 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 6 Paton Paton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 368 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 369 1 Tacitus tacitus NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 369 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 369 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 369 4 Annals Annals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 369 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 1 Secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 3 tertiary tertiary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 4 sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 6 Alfoldi Alfoldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 8 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 11 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 14 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 16 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 17 249–270 249–270 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 21 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 22 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 23 Cook Cook NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 24 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 25 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 370 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 371 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 371 2 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 371 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 4 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 8 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 372 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 1 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 4 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 5 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 7 Recovery Recovery NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 9 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 10 193–324 193–324 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 373 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 1 208ff 208ff NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 2 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 4 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 6 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 8 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 10 30199 30199 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 12 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 374 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 1 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 3 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 10 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 11 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 14 MacMillan MacMillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 15 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 17 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 19 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 20 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 21 Boak Boak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 23 AER AER NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 25 1915 1915 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 375 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 4 Magistri Magistri NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 7 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 9 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 10 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4253 376 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 377 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 377 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 377 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 377 4 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 377 5 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 377 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 378 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 378 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 378 3 73–164 73–164 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 379 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 379 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 379 3 310606 310606 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 379 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 1 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 3 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 6 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 10 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 14 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 15 193–337 193–337 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 19 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 20 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 21 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 23 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 24 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 26 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 380 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 1 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 9 30199 30199 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 381 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 1 Cary Cary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 3 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 5 Scullard Scullard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 7 Howard Howard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 10 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 12 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 15 MacMillan MacMillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 16 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 17 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 19 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 21 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 23 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 25 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 27 27830 27830 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 29 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 382 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 1 Elton Elton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 3 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 5 Warfare Warfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 8 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 9 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 10 350–425 350–425 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 12 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 13 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 14 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 16 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 20 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 22 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 24 815241 815241 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 26 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 383 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 1 Gabba Gabba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 3 Emilio Emilio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 5 Republican Republican NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 9 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 12 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 14 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 16 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 19 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 21 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 23 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 25 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 27 03259 03259 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 29 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 384 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 1 Gibbon Gibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 6 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 8 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 11 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 14 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 16 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 17 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 19 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 21 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 23 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 25 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 27 043189 043189 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 29 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4253 385 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 1 Goldsworthy Goldsworthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 3 Adrian adrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 7 Name name NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 12 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 13 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 14 Won won VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 16 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 17 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 19 Weidenfeld Weidenfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 20 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 21 Nicolson Nicolson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 23 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 25 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 27 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 29 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 31 84666 84666 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 33 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 386 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 1 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 10 Faber Faber NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 12 Faber Faber NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 14 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 20 571 571 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 387 22 11461-X. 11461-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 1 Hassall Hassall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 3 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 6 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 10 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 13 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 14 70–192 70–192 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 18 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 19 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 20 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 22 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 23 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 25 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 388 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 1 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 9 26335 26335 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 389 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 1 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 6 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 13 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 16 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 17 Publishers Publishers NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 19 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 21 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 23 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 25 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 27 49136 49136 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 28 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 29 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 390 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 3 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 6 Later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 7 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 10 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 11 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 12 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 13 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 15 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 17 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 19 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 21 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 23 3285 3285 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 25 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 391 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 1 Keppie Keppie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 3 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 6 Making Making NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 9 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 10 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 12 Barnes Barnes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 13 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 14 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 15 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 17 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 19 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 21 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 23 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 25 389 389 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 27 20447 20447 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 28 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 29 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 392 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 1 Luttwak Luttwak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 6 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 7 Strategy Strategy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 13 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 14 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 15 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 16 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 20 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 22 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 24 2158 2158 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 25 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 26 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 393 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 1 Mattingly mattingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 6 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 7 Possession Possession NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 8 - - : en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 9 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 15 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 16 Lane Lane NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 18 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 20 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 22 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 24 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 26 014822 014822 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 28 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 394 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 1 Matyszak Matyszak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 3 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 6 Enemies Enemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 10 Thames Thames NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 12 Hudson Hudson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 14 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 20 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 395 21 - 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XX en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 1 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 3 Pat Pat NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 5 Dixon Dixon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 7 Karen Karen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 10 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 11 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 12 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 14 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 20 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 22 22296 22296 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 23 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 24 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 403 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 1 Treadgold Treadgold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 3 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 5 Byzantium Byzantium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 8 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 10 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 14 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 20 8047 8047 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 22 3163 3163 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 24 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 404 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 1 Vogt Vogt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 3 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 6 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 10 Weidenfeld Weidenfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 12 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 18 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 20 81392 81392 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 21 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 22 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 405 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 1 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 2 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 6 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 7 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 9 Barnes Barnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 11 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 12 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 14 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 20 7136 7136 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 22 0934 0934 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 24 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 26 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 27 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 28 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 29 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 31 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 32 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 33 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 34 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 35 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 36 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 37 overthrow overthrow VB en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 38 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 39 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 40 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 41 Pax Pax NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 42 Romana Romana NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 43 Principate Principate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 44 Dominate Dominate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 45 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 46 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 47 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 48 historiography historiography NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 51 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 52 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 53 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 54 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 55 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 56 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 57 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 58 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 59 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 60 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 61 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 62 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 63 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 64 Legislative legislative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 65 assemblies assembly NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 66 Curiate curiate VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 67 Centuriate Centuriate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 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Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 186 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 187 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 188 Mythology Mythology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 189 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 190 Deities Deities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 191 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 192 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 193 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 194 Sexuality Sexuality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 195 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 196 Wine Wine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 197 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 198 Patricians Patricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 199 Plebs plebs VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 200 Conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 201 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 202 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 203 Orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 204 Secessio Secessio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 205 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Sozomen Sozomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 403 Stephanus Stephanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 404 Byzantinus Byzantinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 405 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 406 Themistius Themistius NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 407 Theodoret Theodoret NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 408 Zonaras Zonaras NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 409 Zosimus Zosimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 410 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 411 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 412 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 413 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 414 Aquileia Aquileia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 415 Berytus Berytus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 416 Bononia Bononia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 417 Carthage Carthage NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 418 Constantinopolis Constantinopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 419 Eboracum Eboracum NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 420 Leptis Leptis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 421 Magna Magna 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en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 479 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 480 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 481 Military military NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 482 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 483 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 484 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 485 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 486 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 487 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 488 formations formation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 489 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 490 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 491 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 492 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 493 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 494 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 495 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 496 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 497 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 498 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 499 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 500 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 501 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 502 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 503 Featured Featured NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 504 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 505 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 506 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 507 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 508 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 509 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 510 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 511 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 512 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 513 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 514 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 515 contradictory contradictory JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 516 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 517 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 518 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 519 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 520 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 521 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 522 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 523 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 524 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 525 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 526 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 527 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 528 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 529 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 530 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 531 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 532 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 533 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 534 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 535 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 536 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 537 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 538 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 539 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 540 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 541 Navigation Navigation NNP 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Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 585 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 586 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 587 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 588 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 589 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 590 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 591 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 592 Languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 593 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 594 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 595 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 596 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 597 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 598 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 599 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 600 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 601 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 602 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 603 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 604 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4253 406 605 last last RB 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 409 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4253 410 13 statement statement NN