Iamb (poetry) - Wikipedia Iamb (poetry) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Metrical foot Metrical feet and accents Disyllables ˘ ˘ pyrrhic, dibrach ˘ ¯ iamb ¯ ˘ trochee, choree ¯ ¯ spondee Trisyllables ˘ ˘ ˘ tribrach ¯ ˘ ˘ dactyl ˘ ¯ ˘ amphibrach ˘ ˘ ¯ anapaest, antidactylus ˘ ¯ ¯ bacchius ¯ ¯ ˘ antibacchius ¯ ˘ ¯ cretic, amphimacer ¯ ¯ ¯ molossus See main article for tetrasyllables. v t e An iamb (/ˈaɪæm/) or iambus is a metrical foot used in various types of poetry. Originally the term referred to one of the feet of the quantitative meter of classical Greek prosody: a short syllable followed by a long syllable (as in "above"). This terminology was adopted in the description of accentual-syllabic verse in English, where it refers to a foot comprising an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (as in a-bove). Contents 1 Etymology 2 Accentual-syllabic use 3 Types of meter 3.1 Dimeter 3.2 Trimeter 3.3 Tetrameter 3.4 Pentameter 3.5 Hexameter 3.6 Heptameter 4 Sound change 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links Etymology[edit] Main article: Iambus (genre) R. S. P. Beekes has suggested that the Ancient Greek: ἴαμβος iambos has a Pre-Greek origin.[1] An old hypothesis is that the word is borrowed from Phrygian or Pelasgian, and literally means "Einschritt", i. e., "one-step", compare dithyramb and thriambus, but H. S. Versnel rejects this etymology and suggests instead a derivation from a cultic exclamation.[2] The word may be related to Iambe, a Greek minor goddess of verse, especially scurrilous, ribald humour. In ancient Greece iambus was mainly satirical poetry, lampoons, which did not automatically imply a particular metrical type. Iambic metre took its name from being characteristic of iambi, not vice versa.[3] Accentual-syllabic use[edit] A metrical tree representation of an iamb. W = weak syllable, S = strong syllable An alternative metrical tree representation of an iamb. F = foot, σ = syllable. The head of the foot constituent, i.e. the stressed syllable, is indicated with a vertical line. A bracketed grid representation of an iamb. The x's in the lower grid are syllables, the x in the upper grid indicates the position of the stressed syllable. In accentual-syllabic verse an iamb is a foot that has the rhythmic pattern: da DUM Using the 'ictus and x' notation (see systems of scansion for a full discussion of various notations) we can write this as: x / The word 'attempt' is a natural iamb: x / at- tempt In phonology, an iambic foot is notated in a flat representation as (σ'σ) or as foot tree with two branches W and S where W = weak and S = strong. Iambic pentameter is one of the most commonly used measures in English and German poetry, for instance it can be found Shakespeare's Sonnets.[4] A line of iambic pentameter comprises five consecutive iambs. Iambic trimeter is the metre of the spoken verses in Greek tragedy and comedy, comprising six iambs—as one iambic metrum consisted of two iambs. In English accentual-syllabic verse, iambic trimeter is a line comprising three iambs. Less common iambic measures include iambic tetrameter (four iambs per line) and iambic heptameter, sometimes called the "fourteener" (seven iambs per line). Lord Byron's also "She Walks in Beauty" exemplifies iambic tetrameter; iambic heptameter is found in Australian poet A. B. "Banjo" Paterson's "The Man from Ironbark". Related to iambic heptameter is the more common ballad verse (also called common metre), in which a line of iambic tetrameter is succeeded by a line of iambic trimeter, usually in quatrain form. Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a classic example of this form. The reverse of an iamb is called a trochee. Types of meter[edit] Key: Non-bold = unstressed syllable Bold = stressed syllable Dimeter[edit] Iambic dimeter is a meter referring to a line consisting of two iambic feet. The way a crow Shook down on me.... (Robert Frost, "Dust of Snow") Trimeter[edit] Main article: Iambic trimeter Iambic trimeter is a meter referring to a line consisting of three iambic feet. We romped until the pans Slid from the kitchen shelf; (Theodore Roethke, "My Papa's Waltz") The only news I know Is bulletins all day (Emily Dickinson, "The Only News I Know") Tetrameter[edit] Main article: Iambic tetrameter Iambic tetrameter is a meter referring to a line consisting of four iambic feet: She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; (Lord Byron, "She Walks in Beauty") Pentameter[edit] Main article: Iambic pentameter Iambic Pentameter is a meter referring to a line consisting of five iambic feet: To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. (Alfred Tennyson, "Ulysses") Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? (William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18) (Although, it could be argued that this line in fact reads: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Meter is often broken in this way, sometimes for intended effect and sometimes simply due to the sound of the words in the line. Where the stresses lie can be debated, as it depends greatly on where the reader decides to place the stresses. Although in this meter the foot is no longer iambs but trochees.)[original research?] A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse! (William Shakespeare, Richard III) Hexameter[edit] Main article: Iambic hexameter Iambic hexameter is a meter referring to a line consisting of six iambic feet. In English verse, "alexandrine" is typically used to mean "iambic hexameter" Ye sacred Bards, that to ¦ your harps' melodious strings Sung th'ancient Heroes' deeds (the monuments of Kings) (Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion) Heptameter[edit] Main article: Iambic heptameter Iambic Heptameter is a meter referring to a line consisting of seven iambic feet: I s'pose the flats is pretty green up there in Ironbark. (A. B. Paterson, The Man from Ironbark) Sound change[edit] Main article: Latin spelling and pronunciation § Iambic shortening Through iambic shortening, a word with the shape light–heavy or short–long changes to become light–light. See also[edit] Look up iamb in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Common metre Long metre Prosody (Latin) Short metre Notes[edit] ^ R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 572. ^ Versnel, H. S. (1970). "I. 2 Θρίαμβος". Triumphus: An Inquiry Into the Origin, Development and Meaning of the Roman Triumph. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Publishers. pp. 16–38. ISBN 90-04-02325-9. Retrieved 2 January 2015. ^ Studies in Greek elegy and iambus By Martin Litchfield West Page 22 ISBN 3-11-004585-0 ^ "Poetry 101: What Is a Shakespearean Sonnet? Learn About Shakespearean Sonnets With Examples". MasterClass. Master Class. Retrieved 11 November 2020. References[edit] Murfin, Ross C.; Ray, Supryia M. (2009). The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-46188-1. LCCN 2008925882. External links[edit] "Iambic" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iamb_(poetry)&oldid=988208186" Categories: Metrical feet Phonology Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text All articles that may contain original research Articles that may contain original research from February 2016 Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Alemannisch Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ Български Català Чӑвашла Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Estremeñu Euskara Français Galego 贛語 Հայերեն Ido Íslenska Italiano ქართული Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 11 November 2020, at 19:35 (UTC). 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