Nonius Marcellus - Wikipedia Nonius Marcellus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Nonius Marcellus was a Roman grammarian of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the De compendiosa doctrina, a dictionary or encyclopedia in 20 books that shows his interests in antiquarianism and Latin literature from Plautus to Apuleius. Nonius may have come from Africa.[1] Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 Literature 3.1 Editions 3.2 Studies 4 References 5 External links Life[edit] Little is known about Nonius. The full title of his work, Noni Marcelli Peripatetici Tubursicensis de Conpendiosa Doctrina ad filium, indicates that he was a Peripatetic philosopher from Thubursicum in Numidia. An inscription at Thubursicum dedicated by a certain "Nonius Marcellus Herculius" in 323 AD indicates that his family was based in that area.[2] Since Nonius does not mention Christianity and calls himself a peripatetic, he seems not to have converted.[3] Nonius quotes Aulus Gellius and other 2nd-century compilers, and is himself quoted and praised three times by Priscian in the 5th century, and so must have lived between these dates.[4] According to the Cambridge History of Classical Literature, he was probably active in the first half of the 4th century,[5] although some scholars of the 19th and early 20th centuries thought he might have lived later in the 4th or even in the 5th century.[6] More recently it has been argued that Nonius lived in the Severan period and can be dated to around A.D. 205–20.[7] Works[edit] The De compendiosa doctrina is one of the major sources for lost works of the Roman Republic, including the tragedies of Accius and Pacuvius, the satires of Lucilius, and the history of Sisenna. It consists of words, a short definition, and then quotations of authors using the word.[8] It has been printed under a number of titles, including De proprietate latini sermonis and De varia significatione Verborum. It is one of three major Latin dictionaries preserved from antiquity, along with that of Festus, which was an epitome of Verrius Flaccus' work De verborum significatu, and the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville. The first twelve of Nonius's twenty books are organized grammatically around words or forms of words, and the remaining eight by subject matter such as clothing, weapons, food, etc. Each entry of either type consists of a brief definition and quotations from Republican-era writers, taken from 2nd-century sources, including Aulus Gellius and Fronto, rather than the original texts. "His ignorance and inattention," notes the Cambridge History of Classical Literature, "diminish but cannot destroy the value of his compilation."[9] The research of W. M. Lindsay[10] and later of Strzelecki[11] has shown that Nonius obtained many of his lemmata (entries) and the first citation for each from earlier grammatical texts which are now lost. The remainder of the entries and the extra citations belong to 41 books which he either owned or borrowed from a local library. For each section (either a book or a letter entry within a book), Nonius worked through his 41 lists from 41 volumes in the same order, first to find the lead-citation, and then again in order for additional citations. Based on this methodology, it can be determined whether Nonius is quoting an author first-hand, or from a grammar which was full of errors.[12] The Doctrina preserves fragments from early dramatists, annalists, satirists, and antiquarian writers. In arranging quotations from authors, Nonius always follows the same order, beginning with Plautus and ending with Varro and Cato. The grammarians Priscian and Fulgentius borrowed largely from his book, and in the 5th century a certain Julius Tryphonianus Sabinus brought out a revised and annotated edition.[13] The Doctrina was edited with notes by J. Mercier in 1614 at Paris under the title De varia significatione Verborum.[14] The page numbers of the Mercier edition are used as a reference in later editions (e.g. 121 M. means "page 121 of the Mercier edition"). Nonius also wrote a volume of letters On the neglect of study, which is lost but to which he refers in the Doctrina.[15] Literature[edit] Editions[edit] Christophe Plantin (1565): (Nonii Marcelli Compendiosa Doctrina ad filium) de Proprietate Sermonum L. Müller (1888): vol. 1, vol. 2. J. H. Onions (1895) W. M. Lindsay (Teubner, 1903, also with Müller's pagination): vol. 1, vol. 2, vol. 3. Studies[edit] Articles in the Classical Review, Dec. 1888, June and July 1889. J. H. Onions, Classical Review Oct. 1890, Oct. 1895, Feb. 1896, Feb. 1902. W. M. Lindsay, Journal of Philology, xvi. (1888), xviii. (1890), (JH Onions), xxi. (1893). ("The Printed Editions of Nonius," by Henry Nettleship) W. M. Lindsay, 1901 article online at Google books here Paul Monceaux, Les Africains. Etude sur la littérature latine d'Afrique : les Païens, P., Lecène, Oudin & Cie, V+500pp (1894) W. S. Teuffel, History of Roman Literature (Eng. trans.), 404A; Martin Schanz, Geschichte der römischen Literatur, iv. 1 (1904). References[edit] ^ Matthew Bunson, A Dictionary of the Roman Empire (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 258. ^ CIL VIII 4878; W. M. Lindsay, Noni Marcelli, vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii. ^ H. Nettleship, American Journal of Philology Vol. 3, No. 9 (1882), pp. 1-16. pp. 2–3: "His assumption of the title Peripateticus justifies us in concluding further that he was not a Christian; the contents of his book prove that he was an eager student of ancient and classical Latin. He may fairly therefore be classed, for literary purposes, among the non-Christian scholars and antiquarians of the fourth and fifth centuries; with Servius the commentator on Vergil, Macrobius, and the elder Symmachus." ^ W. M. Lindsay, Noni Marcelli, vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii. Note 2 lists references to Nonius by Priscian in Inst. I, p. 35; I. p. 269 and 499. ^ Robert Browning, "Grammarians," in the Cambridge History of Classical Literature, vol. 2: Latin Literature, 1982, p. 769. ^ W. M. Lindsay, Nonius Marcellus, St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1. ^ Paul T. Keyser, Late Authors in Nonius Marcellus and Other Evidence of His Date, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 96 (1994), pp. 369–389. pp. 388–9: "The prevailing belief that Nonius must belong roughly to the fourth century A.D. is based on little more than the tendency to presume that an undatable Latin work associated with a Roman aristocrat dates from the fourth century A.D. ... The inference that Nonius is Severan is ... based on ... the otherwise isolated and inexplicable cluster of quotations of authors dated to ca. A.D. 160-210 in the context of Nonius' express preference for the auctoritas of Republican and Augustan authors. Furthermore, this is supported by some items of contemporary language he records, by his heavy use of rolls rather than codices, and by his designation as a Peripatetic. In the end, one can conclude that he is to be dated to ca. A.D. 205–20." ^ W. M. Lindsay, Nonius Marcellus, St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1. ^ Browning, Cambridge History of Classical Literature, vol. 2: Latin Literature, p. 769. ^ Nonius Marcellus' Dictionary of Republican Latin, 1901. Reference from Habinek. ^ Paulys Real-Encyclopadie 33.882-97. Reference from Habinek. ^ Thomas N. Habinek, The colometry of Latin prose (1985), pp. 115–6. Preview here. ^ 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica entry. ^ George Crabb (1833), Universal historical dictionary, volume 2, no page numbers, online here: "NONIUS, Marcellus, (Biog.) a grammarian and peripatetic philosopher and a native of Tibur, whose treatise, 'De varia significatione verborum' was edited by Mercer, 8vo, Paris, 1614." ^ W. M. Lindsay, Nonius Marcellus, St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1: "He published a volume of letters 'On the Neglect of Study,' from which he quotes a pompous sentence in illustration of the word meridies (p. 451 of Mercier's edition)." External links[edit] Wikisource has original works written by or about: Nonius Marcellus Roger Pearse, How the text of Nonius Marcellus reaches us – Information on manuscripts 10th century British Library manuscript of Nonius Marcellus in digital form Authority control BIBSYS: 90585562 BNE: XX1767300 BNF: cb119465711 (data) CiNii: DA08150142 GND: 118786385 ISNI: 0000 0001 0905 8530 LCCN: n86113590 NTA: 070036756 RERO: 02-A003644245 SELIBR: 289374 SUDOC: 033806853 VcBA: 495/12614 VIAF: 59182520 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n86113590 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nonius_Marcellus&oldid=929252358" Categories: Grammarians of Latin 4th-century Latin writers Lexicographers Ancient Roman antiquarians People from Souk Ahras Province Nonii 4th-century Romans 5th-century Romans Encyclopedias in Classical Antiquity Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikisource Languages العربية Asturianu Български Català Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Italiano Magyar Nederlands Русский Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 4 December 2019, at 16:27 (UTC). 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