James Thomson (poet, born 1700) - Wikipedia James Thomson (poet, born 1700) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from James Thomson (poet)) Jump to navigation Jump to search For the 19th-century poet, see James Thomson (poet, born 1834). For the weaver poet, see James Thomson (weaver poet). For other people named James Thomson, see James Thomson. James Thomson Born c. 11 September 1700 (1700-09-11) Ednam, Roxburghshire, Kingdom of Scotland Died 27 August 1748 (1748-08-28) (aged 47) Richmond upon Thames, Kingdom of Great Britain Alma mater University of Edinburgh James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a Scottish poet and playwright, known for his poems The Seasons and The Castle of Indolence, and for the lyrics of "Rule, Britannia!". Contents 1 Scotland, 1700–1725 2 London, 1725–1727 3 Later life, 1728–1748 4 Memorials 5 Editions 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External links Scotland, 1700–1725[edit] James Thomson was born in Ednam in Roxburghshire around 11 September 1700 and baptised on 15 September.[1][2] He was the fourth of nine children of Thomas Thomson and Beatrix Thomson (née Trotter).[3] Beatrix Thomson was born in Fogo, Berwickshire and was a distant relation of the house of Hume. Thomas Thomson was the Presbyterian minister of Ednam until eight weeks after Thomson's birth, when he was admitted as minister of Southdean, where Thomson spent most of his early years.[4] Thomson may have attended the parish school of Southdean before going to the grammar school in Jedburgh in 1712. He failed to distinguish himself there. Shiels, his earliest biographer, writes: 'far from appearing to possess a sprightly genius, [Thomson] was considered by his schoolmaster, and those which directed his education, as being really without a common share of parts'.[5] He was, however, encouraged to write poetry by Robert Riccaltoun (1691–1769), a farmer, poet and Presbyterian minister; and Sir William Bennet (d. 1729), a whig laird who was a patron of Allan Ramsay.[4] While some early poems by Thomson survive, he burned most of them on New Year's Day each year.[6] Thomson entered the College of Edinburgh in autumn 1715, destined for the Presbyterian ministry. At Edinburgh he studied metaphysics, Logic, Ethics, Greek, Latin and Natural Philosophy. He completed his arts course in 1719 but chose not to graduate, instead entering Divinity Hall to become a minister.[7] In 1716 Thomas Thomson died, with local legend saying that he was killed whilst performing an exorcism.[4] At Edinburgh Thomson became a member of the Grotesque Club, a literary group, and he met his lifelong friend David Mallet. After the successful publication of some of his poems in the "Edinburgh Miscellany" Thomson followed Mallet to London in February 1725 in an effort to publish his verse.[4] London, 1725–1727[edit] James Thomson, from Samuel Johnson's Lives of the English Poets (c.1779) In London, Thomson became a tutor to the son of Charles Hamilton, Lord Binning, through connections on his mother's side of the family. Through David Mallet, by 1724 a published poet, Thomson met the great English poets of the day including Richard Savage, Aaron Hill and Alexander Pope.[4] Thomson's mother died on 12 May 1725, around the time of his writing ‘Winter’, the first poem of ‘‘The Seasons’’. ‘Winter’ was first published in 1726 by John Millian, with a second edition being released (with revisions, additions and a preface) later the same year. By 1727, Thomson was working on Summer, published in February, and was working at Watt's Academy, a school for young gentlemen and a bastion of Newtonian science. In the same year Millian published a poem by Thomson titled ‘A Poem to the Memory of Sir Isaac Newton’ (who had died in March). Leaving Watt's academy, Thomson hoped to earn a living through his poetry, helped by his acquiring several wealthy patrons including Thomas Rundle, the countess of Hertford and Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot.[8] Later life, 1728–1748[edit] He wrote Spring in 1728 and finally Autumn in 1730, when the set of four was published together as The Seasons. During this period he also wrote other poems, such as to the Memory of Sir Isaac Newton, and his first play, Sophonisba (1730). The latter is best known today for its mention in Samuel Johnson's Lives of the English Poets, where Johnson records that one 'feeble' line of the poem – "O, Sophonisba, Sophonisba, O!" was parodied by the wags of the theatre as, "O, Jemmy Thomson, Jemmy Thomson, O!".[9] In 1730, he became tutor to the son of Sir Charles Talbot, then Solicitor-General, and spent nearly two years in the company of the young man on a tour of Europe. On his return Talbot arranged for him to become a secretary in chancery, which gave him financial security until Talbot's death in 1737. Meanwhile, there appeared his next major work, Liberty (1734).[8] This is a lengthy monologue by the "Goddess of Liberty", describing her travels through the ancient world, and then English and British history, before the resolution of the Glorious Revolution of 1688.[10] In 1738 his tragedy Agamemnon was played at Drury Lane and the following year he wrote a prologue when Mallet's Mustapha was performed there. In 1740, he collaborated with Mallet on the masque Alfred which was first performed at Cliveden, the country home of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Thomson's words for "Rule Britannia", written as part of that masque and set to music by Thomas Arne, became one of the best-known British patriotic songs – quite apart from the masque which is now virtually forgotten. The Prince gave him a pension of £100 per annum. He had also introduced him to George Lyttelton, who became his friend and patron.[8] In later years, Thomson lived in Richmond upon Thames, and it was there that he wrote his final work The Castle of Indolence, which was published just before his untimely death on 27 August 1748. Johnson writes about Thomson's death, "by taking cold on the water between London and Kew, he caught a disorder, which, with some careless exasperation, ended in a fever that put end to his life".[11][2] He is buried in St. Mary Magdalene church in Richmond.[8] A dispute over the publishing rights to one of his works, The Seasons, gave rise to two important legal decisions (Millar v. Taylor; Donaldson v. Beckett) in the history of copyright. Thomson's The Seasons was translated into German by Barthold Heinrich Brockes (1745). This translation formed the basis for a work with the same title by Gottfried van Swieten, which became the libretto for Haydn's oratorio The Seasons. Memorials[edit] The poet James Thomson as depicted on the Scott Monument Thomson is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers appearing on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh. He appears on the right side of the east face. Thomson has a large memorial in Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner, next to William Shakespeare and underneath Thomson's countryman, Robert Burns. Thomson is the poet memorialised at Poet's Corner in Richmond Park's Pembroke Lodge Gardens. A bench sculpted by Richard Farrington,[12] and known as "Poet's seat", is inscribed with lines by Thomson, who was living in Richmond at the time of his death.[13] A wooden memorial plaque with an ode to Thomson by the writer and historian John Heneage Jesse was installed in 1851. The plaque was replaced by the Selborne Society in 1895[13] and by a re-gilded board in 2014..[14] King Henry's Mound, which is also in Richmond Park, has a seat inscribed with a few lines from Thomson's poem "The Seasons".[13] Editions[edit] The frontispiece of The Seasons by James Thomson. Published by Alexander Donaldson. The four seasons, and other poems. By James Thomson. London: printed for J. Millan, near Scotland-Yard, White-Hall; and A. Millar, in the Strand, M.DCC.XXXV., 1735. [2];77,[3];64;72;79,[1]p., plates; 8⁰. (ESTC T83; Foxon T242; OTA K019862.000) Thomson, James & Bloomfield, Robert, The Seasons & Castles of Indolence / The Farmer's Boy, Rural Tales, Banks of the Wye, &c. &c., (London: Scott, Webster & Geary, 1842). Gilfillan, Rev. George, Thomson's Poetical Works, with Life, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, Library Edition of the British Poets (1854). Thomson, James. The Seasons, by ... A New Edition. Adorned with A Set of Engravings, from Original Paintings. Together with an Original Life of the Author, and a Critical Essay on the Seasons. by Robert Heron, (Perth: R. Morison, 1793) Thomson, James The Seasons and Castle of Indolence Printed for J. and F.C. Rivington and the other proprietors, James Marsh, 1820 Thomson, James. Poems, edited by William Bayne, London : Walter Scott Publishing Co., [1900], (Series: The Canterbury poets). Thomson, James. The Seasons, edited with introduction and commentary by James Sambrook, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981) ISBN 0-19-812713-8. Thomson, James. Liberty, The Castle of Indolence and other poems, edited with introduction and commentary by James Sambrook, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986) ISBN 0-19-812759-6. Bayne, William, Life of James Thomson, Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, 1898, ("Famous Scots Series"). See also[edit] List of abolitionist forerunners References[edit] ^ 11 September is the date of birth given in Murdoch, Patrick, 'An Account of the Life and Writings of Mr. James Thomson', in The Works of James Thomson (1762), vol. i, p.i. ^ a b Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Thomson, James" . The New Students Reference Work . Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co. ^ Sambrook, James, James Thomson 1700–1748; A Life (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991) ^ a b c d e Sambrook, 2004 ^ Robert Sheilds, 'Mr James Thomson' in Theophilus Cibber, Lives of the Poets of Great-Britain and Ireland (1753), vol. v, p.190. ^ Murdoch, p.iii.. ^ Drennon, Herbert, 'James Thomson's Contact with Newtonianism and his interest in Natural Philosophy', PMLA, vol. 49, no. 1 (1934) p.72. ^ a b c d Tovey 1911. ^ Johnson, Samuel. Lives of the English Poets. pp. 320–321 in Google Books edition. ^ text of Liberty online ^ Johnson, op.cit., p. 323. ^ "Richmond – Poet's Seat". Richard Farrington: Sculptor. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2015. ^ a b c "Monuments in Richmond Park". The Royal Parks. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2015. ^ "New Poet's Corner". Friends of Richmond Park Newsletter: 6. Autumn 2014. Bibliography[edit] Tovey, Duncan Crookes (1911). "Thomson, James (poet, 1700–1748)" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) "Thomson, James (1700–1748)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. Sambrook, James. "Thomson, James (1700–1748)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27306. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) External links[edit] James Thomsonat Wikipedia's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource James Thomson at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) Works by or about James Thomson at Internet Archive Works by James Thomson at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Selected Poetry of James Thomson (1700–1748), Representative Poetry On-line Local History Notes: James Thomson (1700–1748), London Borough of Richmond upon Thames Authority control BNE: XX1006807 BNF: cb149593249 (data) CANTIC: a1104620x GND: 118622277 ISNI: 0000 0001 0871 7821 LCCN: n79065635 MBA: 0967bb1e-69cd-4fd8-b844-c812e2c03f09 NDL: 00621557 NKC: jn20010420042 NLA: 35548444 NLI: 000131238 NTA: 069122652 SELIBR: 280619 SNAC: w69k4915 SUDOC: 027912345 Trove: 992040 ULAN: 500326942 VcBA: 495/206330 VIAF: 14778969 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79065635 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Thomson_(poet,_born_1700)&oldid=979479160" Categories: 1700 births 1748 deaths Alumni of the University of Edinburgh People of the Scottish Enlightenment Scottish male poets 18th-century Scottish writers 18th-century Scottish poets 18th-century male writers Hidden categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter Use dmy dates from July 2018 Use British English from January 2018 CS1 maint: ref=harv Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference Articles incorporating Cite DNB template Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata Articles with Internet Archive links Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Languages العربية Brezhoneg Čeština Deutsch Español Français Italiano Nederlands Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Polski Русский Suomi Svenska Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 21 September 2020, at 01:12 (UTC). 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