id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 18 Buddhadharma Buddhadharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 20 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 21 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 3 magazine magazine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 6 Buddhadharma Buddhadharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 9 Practitioner Practitioner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 11 Quarterly quarterly NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 1 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 2 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 3 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 6 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 7 Standing Standing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 9 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 12 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 13 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 14 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 3 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 4 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 5 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 6 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 11 1st–2nd 1st–2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 13 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 4 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 8 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 9 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 11 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 13 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 15 Councils Councils NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 16 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 17 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 18 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 21 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 24 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 25 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 26 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 27 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 28 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 29 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 30 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 31 Concepts Concepts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 32 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 33 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 34 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 35 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 36 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 37 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 38 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 39 wheel wheel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 40 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 41 Aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 42 Impermanence impermanence VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 43 Suffering suffer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 44 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 46 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 47 Dependent Dependent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 48 Origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 49 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 50 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 51 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 52 Morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 53 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 54 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 55 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 56 Cosmology Cosmology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 57 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 58 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 59 Buddhavacana Buddhavacana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 60 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 61 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 62 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 63 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 64 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 65 Sutras Sutras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 66 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 67 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 68 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 69 canon canon JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 70 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 71 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 72 Practices Practices NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 73 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 74 Jewels jewel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 75 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 76 Paths Paths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 77 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 78 liberation liberation VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 79 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 80 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 81 Perfections Perfections NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 82 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 83 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 84 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 85 Devotional devotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 86 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 87 Merit Merit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 88 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 89 Recollections Recollections NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 90 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 91 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 92 Sublime Sublime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 93 abidings abiding VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 94 Aids Aids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 95 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 96 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 97 Monasticism Monasticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 98 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 99 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 100 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 101 chant chant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 102 Pilgrimage Pilgrimage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 103 Vegetarianism Vegetarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 104 Nirvāṇa Nirvāṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 105 Awakening Awakening NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 106 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 107 Stages Stages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 108 Arhat Arhat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 109 Pratyekabuddha Pratyekabuddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 110 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 111 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 112 Traditions Traditions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 113 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 114 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 115 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 116 Hinayana Hinayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 117 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 118 Vajrayāna Vajrayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 119 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 120 Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 121 Newar Newar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 122 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 123 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 124 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 125 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 126 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 127 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 128 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 129 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 130 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 131 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 132 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 133 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 134 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 135 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 136 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 137 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 138 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 139 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 140 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 141 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 142   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 143 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 144 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 145 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 146 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 147 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 148 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 149 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 150 /ˈbʊdɪzəm/ /ˈbʊdɪzəm/ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 151 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 152 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 153 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 154 /ˈbuːd-/)[1][2 /ˈbuːd-/)[1][2 . en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 155 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 156 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 157 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 158 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 159 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 160 fourth fourth RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 161 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 162 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 163 religion[3][4 religion[3][4 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 164 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 165 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 166 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 167 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 168 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 169 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 170 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 171 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 172 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 173 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 174 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 175 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 176 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 177 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 178 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 179 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 180 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 181 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 182 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 5 183 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 2 5][6 5][6 VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 5 encompasses encompass VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 7 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 9 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 11 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 13 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 14 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 15 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 16 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 18 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 19 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 20 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 23 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 25 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 26 Siddhārtha Siddhārtha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 27 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 30 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 32 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 33 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 34 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 37 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 38 interpreted interpreted JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 39 philosophies philosophy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 6 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 2 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 8 Sramana Sramana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 9 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 10 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 13 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 15 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 16 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 17 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 19 spreading spread VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 21 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 23 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 7 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 2 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 3 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 4 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 8 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 9 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 11 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 13 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 15 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 18 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 19 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 22 Elders Elders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 26 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 28 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 31 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 32 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 33 Vehicle Vehicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 8 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 2 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 7 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 8 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 9 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 12 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 17 overcome overcome VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 18 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 20 duḥkha duḥkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 22 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 24 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 26 attachment attachment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 29 static static JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 30 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 33 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 36 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 37 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 39 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 41 avidya avidya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 9 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 7 emphasize emphasize VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 8 transcending transcend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 10 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 11 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 14 attainment attainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 16 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 19 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 21 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 23 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 25 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 27 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 29 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 31 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 10 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 2 8][9][10 8][9][10 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 5 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 6 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 9 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 12 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 14 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 17 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 18 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 20 canonicity canonicity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 21 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 24 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 25 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 26 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 30 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 31 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 33 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 11 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 2 11][12 11][12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 4 Widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 5 observed observed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 6 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 7 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 8 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 9 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 12 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 15 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 18 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 20 observance observance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 22 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 23 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 25 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 26 monasticism monasticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 28 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 29 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 33 cultivation cultivation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 36 Paramitas Paramitas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 38 perfections perfection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 41 virtues virtue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 12 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 1 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 5 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 6 following following NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 8 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 9 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 11 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 12 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 15 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 17 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 19 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 21 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 13 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 1 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 3 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 4 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 8 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 9 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 11 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 13 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 16 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 18 Tiantai Tiantai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 20 Tendai Tendai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 24 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 25 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 26 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 27 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 14 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 1 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 4 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 6 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 7 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 9 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 10 adepts adept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 14 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 17 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 18 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 22 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 24 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 15 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 4 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 8 preserves preserve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 10 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 11 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 13 eighth eighth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 16 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 19 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 22 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 25 Himalayan Himalayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 26 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 28 Mongolia,[14 mongolia,[14 XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 31 Kalmykia Kalmykia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 16 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 6 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 11 Worldview Worldview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 12 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 13 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 14 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 15 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 17 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 20 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 21 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 23 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 25 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 26 2.2.1 2.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 27 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 28 2.2.2 2.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 29 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 30 2.2.3 2.2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 31 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 32 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 33 Liberation Liberation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 34 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 35 Dependent Dependent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 36 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 37 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 38 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 40 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 42 Emptiness Emptiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 43 2.6 2.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 45 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 46 Jewels Jewels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 47 2.6.1 2.6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 48 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 49 2.6.2 2.6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 50 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 51 2.6.3 2.6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 52 Sangha Sangha VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 53 2.7 2.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 54 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 55 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 56 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 57 views view VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 58 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 59 Paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 60 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 61 liberation liberation VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 62 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 63 Paths Paths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 65 liberation liberation VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 66 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 68 early early JJ 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17 91 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 92 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 93 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 94 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 95 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 96 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 97 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 98 practices practice VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 99 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 100 Hearing hearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 101 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 102 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 103 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 104 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 105 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 106 Refuge Refuge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 107 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 108 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 109 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 110 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 111 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 112 4.3.1 4.3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 113 Precepts Precepts NNPS 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rupa rupa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 136 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 137 jhāna jhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 138 4.6.3 4.6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 139 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 140 formless formless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 141 attaiments attaiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 142 4.6.4 4.6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 143 Meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 144 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 145 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 146 4.6.5 4.6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 147 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 148 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 149 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 150 vihara vihara NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 151 4.6.6 4.6.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 152 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 153 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 154 visualization visualization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 155 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 156 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 157 subtle subtle JJ 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Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 181 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 182 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 183 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 184 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 185 Tripitakas tripitakas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 186 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 187 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 188 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 189 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 190 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 191 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 192 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 193 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 194 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 195 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 196 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 197 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 198 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 199 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 200 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 201 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 202 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 203 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 204 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 205 6.2.1 6.2.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 206 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 207 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 208 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 209 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 210 6.2.1.1 6.2.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 211 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 212 Core Core NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 213 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 214 6.2.2 6.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 215 Ashokan Ashokan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 216 Era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 217 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 218 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 219 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 220 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 221 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 222 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 223 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 224 Ashokan ashokan JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 247 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 248 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 249 7.2 7.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 250 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 251 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 252 7.2.1 7.2.1 VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 253 Vajrayāna vajrayāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 254 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 255 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 256 Monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 257 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 258 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 259 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 260 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 261 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 262 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 263 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 264 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 265 9.1 9.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 266 Colonial colonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 267 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 268 9.2 9.2 CD 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336 gilded gild VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 337 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 338 Emaciated Emaciated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 339 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 340 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 341 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 342 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 343 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 344 Ubosoth Ubosoth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 345 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 346 Bangkok Bangkok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 347 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 348 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 349 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 350 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 351 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 352 asceticism asceticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 353 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 354 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 355 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 356 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 357 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 358 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 359 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 360 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 361 2nd 2nd NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 362 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 363 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 364 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 365 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 366 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 367 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 368 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 17 369 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 4 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 9 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 10 religion[16 religion[16 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 12 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 13 on on 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 35 5th 5th NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 37 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 39 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 18 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 2 17][18 17][18 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 10 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 14 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 17 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 19 Gotama Gotama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 19 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 2 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 8 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 13 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 16 inconsistent inconsistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 20 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 21 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 23 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 24 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 26 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 28 prove prove VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 31 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 32 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 34 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 20 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 2 19][note 19][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 6 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 9 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 10 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 11 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 13 Siddharta Siddharta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 14 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 16 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 18 Lumbini Lumbini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 20 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 21 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 23 Kapilavastu,[note Kapilavastu,[note NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 24 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 27 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 30 Ganges Ganges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 31 Plain Plain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 33 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 35 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 36 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 37 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 38 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 39 border border NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 43 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 44 spent spend VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 45 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 46 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 48 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 50 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 51 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 52 Bihar[note bihar[note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 53 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 54 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 56 Uttar Uttar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 57 Pradesh Pradesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 21 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 2 27][19 27][19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 5 hagiographic hagiographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 6 legends legend NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 10 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 13 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 14 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 15 Suddhodana Suddhodana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 18 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 20 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 21 Maya Maya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 24 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 26 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 28 Lumbini Lumbini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 22 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 6 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 9 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 10 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 11 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 14 dubious dubious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 15 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 18 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 20 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 21 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 22 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 24 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 27 Shakya shakya JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 28 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 32 governed govern VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 35 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 36 oligarchy oligarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 38 republic republic NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 40 like like NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 41 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 42 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 43 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 44 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 45 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 46 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 47 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 48 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 49 seniority seniority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 50 mattered matter VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 51 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 23 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 2 29][note 29][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 5 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 8 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 9 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 16 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 19 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 20 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 22 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 23 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 24 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 25 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 27 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 28 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 29 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 30 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 32 interpolated interpolate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 35 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 36 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 39 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 40 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 24 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 2 32][33 32][33 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 11 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 12 Ariyapariyesanā Ariyapariyesanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 14 sutta sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 18 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 21 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 22 quest quest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 25 MN MN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 26 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 30 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 31 parallel parallel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 33 MĀ MĀ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 34 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 36 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 38 moved move VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 41 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 43 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 46 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 48 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 51 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 52 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 53 repetition repetition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 54 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 55 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 56 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 25 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 5 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 6 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 10 quest quest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 12 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 13 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 15 suffering suffer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 18 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 21 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 26 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 7 biographies biographie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 10 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 11 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 12 studied study VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 13 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 15 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 17 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 19 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 20 Alara Alara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 21 Kalama Kalama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 23 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 25 Arada Arada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 26 Kalama Kalama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 29 Uddaka Uddaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 30 Ramaputta Ramaputta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 32 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 34 Udraka Udraka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 35 Ramaputra Ramaputra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 38 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 39 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 41 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 43 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 45 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 46 attainment attainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 48 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 50 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 52 nothingness nothingness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 53 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 54 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 56 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 61 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 63 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 64 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 65 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 66 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 67 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 68 perception perception JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 69 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 70 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 72 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 27 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 2 36][37][note 36][37][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 5 Finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 7 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 10 insufficient insufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 12 attain attain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 14 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 16 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 17 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 20 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 22 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 23 asceticism asceticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 26 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 28 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 29 fasting fasting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 30 regime regime NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 32 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 33 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 35 breath breath NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 36 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 28 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 5 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 6 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 7 short short RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 9 attaining attain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 11 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 14 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 16 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 19 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 20 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 22 dhyana dhyana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 29 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 2 famously famously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 3 sat sit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 5 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 6 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 8 Ficus Ficus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 9 religiosa religiosa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 10 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 11 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 12 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 14 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 15 Tree Tree NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 18 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 20 Bodh Bodh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 21 Gaya Gaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 23 attained attain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 25 Awakening awaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 28 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 30 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 10 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 12 Mahāsaccaka Mahāsaccaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 14 sutta sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 18 Samaññaphala Samaññaphala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 19 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 22 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 25 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 26 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 27 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 30 workings working NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 32 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 34 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 35 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 36 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 38 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 39 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 41 achieving achieve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 43 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 46 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 47 defilements defilement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 49 asavas asavas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 53 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 55 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 59 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 61 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 63 saṃsāra saṃsāra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 31 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 5 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 7 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 8 certainty certainty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 9 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 11 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 12 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 15 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 16 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 18 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 19 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 21 end end VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 22 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 32 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 2 41][42 41][42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 6 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 7 enlightened enlighten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 11 attracted attract VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 12 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 14 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 16 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 18 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 33 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 5 spent spend VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 7 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 10 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 11 teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 13 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 16 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 19 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 20 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 22 achieving achieve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 24 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 25 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 30 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 32 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 34 Kushinagar Kushinagar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 36 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 34 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 2 44][22 44][22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 6 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 8 propagated propagate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 11 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 16 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 20 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 21 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 22 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 23 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 24 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 25 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 26 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 28 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 30 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 33 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 34 basket basket NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 36 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 37 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 38 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 39 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 41 authentic authentic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 42 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 45 Buddha;[45][46][47 buddha;[45][46][47 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 47 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 48 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 49 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 50 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 51 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 52 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 53 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 55 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 57 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 58 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 59 known known JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 61 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 64 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 65 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 66 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 67 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 69 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 71 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 72 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 35 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 2 48][49][note 48][49][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 5 Worldview Worldview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 9 Glossary glossary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 13 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 19 occidental occidental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 20 neologism neologism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 22 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 26 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 27 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 29 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 31 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 32 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 33 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 34 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 36 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 39 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 42 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 45 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 47 fójiào fójiào JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 49 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 51 bukkyō bukkyō NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 53 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 55 nang nang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 56 pa pa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 57 sangs sang NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 58 rgyas rgyas VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 59 pa'i pa'i PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 60 chos chos NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 62 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 64 buddhadharma buddhadharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 65 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 66 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 68 buddhaśāsana buddhaśāsana VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 69 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 70 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 36 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 4 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 5 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 6 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 8 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 11 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 12 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 13 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 15 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 17 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 18 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 19 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 21 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 22 teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 24 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 25 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 26 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 37 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 38 1 Sanskrit sanskrit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 38 2 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 38 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 39 1 Nalanda Nalanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 39 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 39 3 Bihar Bihar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 39 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 39 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 39 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 2 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 3 Truths Truths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 4 express express VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 6 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 7 orientation orientation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 11 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 12 crave crave VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 14 cling cling VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 16 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 17 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 19 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 23 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 26 incapable incapable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 28 satisfying satisfy VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 31 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 40 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 2 53][54 53][54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 5 keeps keep VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 6 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 7 caught catch VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 9 saṃsāra saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 12 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 13 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 15 repeated repeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 16 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 18 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 20 dying die VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 21 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 41 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 5 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 9 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 11 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 14 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 15 cycle[60 cycle[60 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 21 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 23 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 24 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 26 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 27 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 28 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 42 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 6 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 8 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 11 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 12 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 17 mundane mundane JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 22 clinging clinging NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 24 craving crave VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 26 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 27 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 29 things[53 things[53 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 32 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 35 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 43 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 2 55][66][web 55][66][web CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 5 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 8 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 11 incapable incapable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 13 satisfying,"[web satisfying,"[web NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 14 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 18 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 19 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 22 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 23 insecurity insecurity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 25 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 26 conditioned condition VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 27 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 32 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 44 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 3 53][54 53][54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 5 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 8 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 9 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 12 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 18 inaccurate inaccurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 20 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 22 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 25 episodic episodic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 26 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 31 intrinsically intrinsically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 32 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 33 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 35 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 36 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 38 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 40 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 41 pleasant pleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 42 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 43 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 44 experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 45 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 5 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 6 expect expect VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 7 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 9 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 11 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 14 impermanent impermanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 17 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 18 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 20 attain attain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 21 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 22 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 46 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 4 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 10 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 12 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 14 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 16 impermanence impermanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 18 anattā anattā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 20 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 22 self self JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 47 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 6 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 8 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 9 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 10 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 12 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 14 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 16 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 18 anicca anicca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 23 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 26 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 27 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 29 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 31 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 32 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 33 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 35 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 37 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 38 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 40 anattā anattā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 48 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 2 73][74][75 73][74][75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 5 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 7 misperception misperception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 9 avijjā avijjā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 12 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 14 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 19 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 21 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 22 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 24 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 26 wrong wrong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 27 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 31 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 32 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 34 clinging clinging NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 36 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 49 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 2 76][77][78 76][77][78 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 4 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 5 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 7 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 8 crave crave VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 10 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 12 taṇhā taṇhā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 15 cling cling VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 18 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 19 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 50 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 2 clinging cling VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 4 craving craving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 5 produces produce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 6 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 9 ties tie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 10 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 12 samsara samsara VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 15 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 17 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 19 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 51 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 2 79][web 79][web CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 3 6][note 6][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 6 Craving craving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 7 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 8 kama kama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 10 tanha tanha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 12 craving crave VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 14 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 16 pleasures pleasure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 18 bhava bhava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 20 tanha tanha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 22 craving crave VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 24 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 26 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 28 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 30 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 32 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 33 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 36 vibhava vibhava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 38 tanha tanha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 40 craving crave VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 43 experience experience VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 45 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 47 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 48 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 52 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 2 79][80][81 79][80][81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 4 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 5 ceases cease VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 10 confined,[82 confined,[82 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 12 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 13 craving crave VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 15 clinging cling VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 16 cease cease NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 19 confined confine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 53 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 3 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 6 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 7 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 9 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 10 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 13 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 14 ends end NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 54 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 5 Cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 7 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 10 blowing blow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 11 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 15 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 17 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 55 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 2 84][85 84][85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 5 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 8 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 10 moksha moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 12 liberation,[62 liberation,[62 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 15 starts start VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 17 disengage disengage VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 19 craving crave VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 21 clinging cling VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 23 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 24 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 26 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 56 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 4 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 7 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 8 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 10 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 12 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 13 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 14 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 18 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 22 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 24 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 25 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 27 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 30 Nikayas Nikayas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 57 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 5 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 6 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 7 regards regard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 8 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 11 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 12 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 14 liberating liberate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 16 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 58 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 5 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 7 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 8 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 9 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 11 Thangka Thangka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 12 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 14 Wheel Wheel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 16 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 19 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 20 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 21 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 22 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 23 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 25 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 27 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 29 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 30 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 32 wandering wander VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 36 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 41 connotation connotation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 43 cyclic cyclic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 45 circuitous circuitous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 46 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 59 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 2 87][88 87][88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 5 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 8 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 10 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 13 cyclicality cyclicality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 18 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 20 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 24 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 25 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 27 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 31 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 32 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 33 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 34 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 60 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 2 88][89 88][89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 4 Samsara Samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 8 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 11 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 13 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 15 painful,[90 painful,[90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 17 perpetuated perpetuate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 19 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 21 avidya avidya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 23 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 28 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 29 karma karma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 61 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 2 88][91][92 88][91][92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 5 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 7 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 10 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 14 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 16 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 19 extensively extensively RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 20 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 25 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 26 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 27 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 30 wheel wheel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 32 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 34 Bhavacakra bhavacakra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 36 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 62 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 4 Liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 7 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 9 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 11 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 16 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 19 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 20 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 21 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 22 justification justification NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 63 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 2 93][94 93][94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 5 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 8 assert assert VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 10 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 12 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 14 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 15 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 17 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 19 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 21 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 22 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 24 heavenly heavenly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 26 demi demi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 28 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 30 human human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 33 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 34 evil evil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 35 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 37 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 39 hungry hungry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 40 ghosts ghost NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 42 hellish hellish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 64 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 5 Samsara Samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 6 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 7 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 9 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 10 attains attain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 11 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 15 blowing blow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 16 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 20 desires desire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 23 gaining gaining NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 25 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 26 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 28 impermanence impermanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 30 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 31 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 32 self self JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 33 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 65 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 2 96][97][98 96][97][98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 4 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 5 Ramabhar Ramabhar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 6 Stupa Stupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 8 Kushinagar Kushinagar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 10 Uttar Uttar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 11 Pradesh Pradesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 13 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 15 regionally regionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 16 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 19 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 21 cremation cremation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 22 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 66 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 4 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 8 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 9 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 12 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 13 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 14 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 15 go go VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 16 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 18 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 20 lifetimes lifetime NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 25 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 26 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 28 sentient sentient NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 29 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 31 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 32 running run VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 34 conception conception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 36 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 67 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 6 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 9 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 10 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 12 involve involve VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 13 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 14 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 19 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 21 anattā anattā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 23 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 25 anātman anātman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 27 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 29 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 30 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 33 rejects reject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 35 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 38 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 39 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 42 unchanging unchanging JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 44 eternal eternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 45 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 48 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 50 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 52 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 54 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 68 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 7 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 8 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 10 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 12 thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 15 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 17 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 18 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 21 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 23 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 24 thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 69 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 2 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 8 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 9 disagreed disagree VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 11 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 16 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 19 reborn reborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 24 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 25 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 27 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 28 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 29 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 30 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 31 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 70 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 2 102][103 102][103 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 7 assert assert VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 10 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 11 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 13 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 14 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 16 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 18 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 19 perduring perdure VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 20 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 25 avacya avacya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 27 inexpressible inexpressible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 29 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 31 migrates migrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 33 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 34 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 36 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 71 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 2 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 5 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 8 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 11 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 13 assert assert VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 14 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 15 vijñāna vijñāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 18 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 20 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 22 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 23 evolving evolve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 25 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 28 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 32 mechanistic mechanistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 33 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 35 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 36 undergoes undergo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 37 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 39 rebecoming rebecoming NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 41 redeath redeath NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 72 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 2 55][102 55][102 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 5 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 6 depends depend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 9 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 11 demerit demerit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 12 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 14 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 16 karma karma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 22 accrued accrue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 24 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 26 behalf behalf NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 29 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 30 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 73 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 5 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 6 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 7 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 8 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 13 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 14 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 16 Theravadins Theravadins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 19 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 20 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 23 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 25 heavenly heavenly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 27 demi demi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 29 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 31 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 33 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 35 hungry hungry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 36 ghosts ghost NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 38 hellish hellish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 74 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 2 105][106][note 105][106][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 3 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 6 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 7 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 9 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 12 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 15 instantaneous instantaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 18 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 21 intermediate intermediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 22 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 24 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 26 bardo bardo NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 29 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 30 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 31 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 34 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 75 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 2 116][117 116][117 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 5 orthodox orthodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 6 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 7 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 8 rejects reject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 10 wait wait NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 13 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 15 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 18 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 20 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 76 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 2 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 7 passages passage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 10 Samyutta Samyutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 11 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 14 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 15 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 17 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 19 lend lend VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 20 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 23 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 26 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 27 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 28 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 30 intermediate intermediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 31 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 32 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 33 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 34 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 37 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 77 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 2 118][119 118][119 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 4 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 8 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 14 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 17 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 20 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 22 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 25 drives drive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 26 saṃsāra saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 27 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 29 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 30 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 32 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 34 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 36 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 37 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 78 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 1 Good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 3 skilful skilful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 4 deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 6 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 8 kusala kusala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 11 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 13 unskilful unskilful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 14 deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 16 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 18 akusala akusala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 20 produce produce VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 22 seeds seed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 26 unconscious unconscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 27 receptacle receptacle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 29 ālaya ālaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 32 mature mature VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 33 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 34 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 36 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 37 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 41 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 42 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 79 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 2 120][121 120][121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 5 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 7 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 10 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 11 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 17 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 18 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 19 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 20 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 23 implies imply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 24 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 25 fatalism fatalism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 26 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 28 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 30 happens happen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 33 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 35 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 37 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 80 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 2 122][note 122][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 6 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 7 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 9 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 10 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 12 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 14 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 15 intent intent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 17 cetanā cetanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 19 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 22 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 24 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 25 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 27 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 29 phala phala NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 31 fruit fruit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 34 vipāka vipāka VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 36 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 81 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 2 123][note 123][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 3 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 5 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 7 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 9 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 10 karma karma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 11 accumulates accumulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 12 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 13 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 16 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 17 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 18 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 21 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 22 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 23 ill ill JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 25 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 26 thoughts thought NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 27 creates create VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 28 karmic karmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 29 seeds seed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 31 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 33 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 35 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 37 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 39 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 40 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 41 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 43 karmic karmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 44 seeds seed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 82 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 7 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 10 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 11 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 16 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 18 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 20 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 21 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 24 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 25 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 27 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 29 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 31 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 33 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 35 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 36 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 38 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 40 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 41 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 44 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 83 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 2 122][127][128 122][127][128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 5 operates operate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 6 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 8 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 10 physics physics NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 12 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 13 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 14 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 17 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 18 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 21 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 22 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 24 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 25 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 26 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 27 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 29 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 84 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 2 122][129 122][129 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 5 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 6 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 9 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 10 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 14 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 15 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 85 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 2 130][131 130][131 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 5 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 6 accumulates accumulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 7 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 11 intentions intention NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 13 ethical ethical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 14 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 19 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 21 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 22 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 24 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 26 exchanging exchange VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 27 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 29 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 33 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 34 dāna dāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 36 charity charity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 38 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 40 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 86 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 2 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 4 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 7 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 9 transfer transfer VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 10 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 12 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 13 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 14 karma karma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 16 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 17 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 18 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 20 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 87 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 2 131][note 131][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 5 Liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 7 aniconic aniconic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 8 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 13 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 14 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 16 moksha moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 19 awakening awakening NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 21 bodhi bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 25 Sanchi Sanchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 88 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 2 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 5 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 8 symbolized symbolize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 11 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 12 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 15 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 16 seat seat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 89 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 2 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 4 Moksha Moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 6 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 11 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 14 kleshas kleshas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 17 attainment attainment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 19 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 21 nibbāna nibbāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 27 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 29 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 30 ends end NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 33 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 35 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 38 soteriological soteriological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 39 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 42 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 43 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 44 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 45 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 46 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 47 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 49 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 52 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 90 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 2 62][135][136 62][135][136 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 7 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 10 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 11 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 13 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 15 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 16 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 17 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 21 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 25 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 27 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 30 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 33 Nikayas Nikayas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 91 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 7 passages passage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 10 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 11 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 14 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 16 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 17 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 19 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 20 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 22 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 24 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 26 ñāṇa ñāṇa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 30 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 31 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 33 release release NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 35 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 37 vimutti vimutti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 42 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 44 attain attain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 45 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 47 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 92 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 2 137][138 137][138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 4 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 5 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 6 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 8 blowing blow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 9 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 11 quenching quench VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 13 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 14 extinguished extinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 93 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 2 139][140 139][140 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 12 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 14 restraint restraint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 16 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 18 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 20 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 24 blowing blow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 25 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 29 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 32 cycles cycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 34 sufferings suffering NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 35 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 37 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 39 redeaths redeath NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 94 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 2 141][142][143 141][142][143 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 5 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 8 describe describe VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 9 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 11 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 13 anatta anatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 15 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 17 emptiness emptiness JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 19 nothingness nothingness JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 95 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 2 144][145][146][note 144][145][146][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 3 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 10 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 12 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 14 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 15 detail detail NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 19 passing pass VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 22 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 24 emptiness emptiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 26 sunyata sunyata RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 28 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 29 realising realise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 30 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 31 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 33 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 34 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 36 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 38 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 39 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 40 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 42 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 43 passing pass VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 44 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 46 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 48 signlessness signlessness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 50 animitta animitta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 52 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 53 realising realise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 54 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 55 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 56 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 57 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 58 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 59 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 62 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 63 passing pass VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 64 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 66 gate gate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 68 wishlessness wishlessness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 70 apranihita apranihita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 72 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 73 realising realise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 74 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 75 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 76 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 78 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 80 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 81 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 82 wishing wish VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 83 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 84 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 96 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 2 135][148][note 135][148][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 6 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 10 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 14 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 17 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 18 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 21 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 22 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 26 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 28 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 29 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 31 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 33 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 34 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 36 bliss bliss NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 38 fearlessness fearlessness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 40 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 42 permanence permanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 44 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 45 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 46 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 47 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 49 unfathomable unfathomable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 52 indescribable indescribable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 97 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 2 150][151 150][151 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 8 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 10 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 11 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 15 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 17 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 18 release release NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 19 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 22 emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 25 realisation realisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 27 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 28 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 29 self self JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 98 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 2 152][153][154][note 152][153][154][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 5 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 7 considers consider VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 9 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 11 saṃsāra saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 14 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 15 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 16 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 19 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 20 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 23 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 24 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 27 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 28 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 30 lay lay NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 31 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 33 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 35 seek seek VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 37 accumulate accumulate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 38 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 39 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 40 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 41 deeds deed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 43 donations donation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 45 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 47 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 48 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 49 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 51 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 52 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 53 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 54 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 55 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 56 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 57 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 58 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 99 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 2 157][111][note 157][111][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 5 Dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 6 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 8 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 10 Pratītyasamutpāda Pratītyasamutpāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 12 Twelve Twelve NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 13 Nidānas Nidānas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 14 Pratityasamutpada Pratityasamutpada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 17 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 19 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 20 arising arising NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 23 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 24 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 29 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 30 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 32 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 34 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 36 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 38 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 40 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 42 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 44 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 45 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 100 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 2 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 6 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 7 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 9 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 13 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 101 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 2 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 4 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 5 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 7 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 8 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 9 depend depend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 12 arise arise VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 15 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 17 existing existing JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 18 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 22 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 25 arise arise VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 27 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 28 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 29 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 31 cease cease VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 102 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 5 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 6 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 7 arisings arising NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 11 causal causal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 12 conditioning conditioning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 15 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 16 Pratityasamutpada Pratityasamutpada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 19 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 20 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 22 causality causality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 25 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 27 ontology ontology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 31 creator creator NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 32 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 33 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 35 ontological ontological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 36 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 37 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 38 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 39 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 40 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 42 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 44 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 45 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 46 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 47 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 48 transcendent transcendent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 49 creative creative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 50 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 51 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 103 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 2 160][161 160][161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 8 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 9 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 11 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 12 causality causality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 16 Newtonian newtonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 17 mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 19 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 21 understands understand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 24 conditioned condition VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 25 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 104 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 2 162][163 162][163 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 7 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 8 arising arising NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 10 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 12 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 13 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 16 plurality plurality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 18 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 20 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 21 co co VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 22 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 23 originate originate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 25 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 26 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 28 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 29 lifetimes lifetime NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 33 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 35 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 36 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 37 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 38 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 39 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 40 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 42 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 44 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 47 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 49 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 51 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 52 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 105 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 2 164][165][166 164][165][166 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 5 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 7 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 8 arising arising NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 9 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 11 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 12 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 14 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 15 cycles cycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 17 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 19 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 23 Twelve Twelve NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 24 Nidānas Nidānas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 27 twelve twelve CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 28 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 30 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 106 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 2 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 5 Avidyā Avidyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 7 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 9 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 10 Saṃskāras Saṃskāras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 12 karmic karmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 13 formations formation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 15 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 17 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 18 Saṃskāras Saṃskāras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 19 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 20 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 21 Vijñāna Vijñāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 23 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 25 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 31 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 33 links link VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 34 Nāmarūpa Nāmarūpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 36 sentient sentient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 37 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 40 Ṣaḍāyatana Ṣaḍāyatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 42 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 43 senses sense NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 46 Sparśa Sparśa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 48 sensory sensory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 49 stimulation stimulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 52 Vedanā Vedanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 54 feeling feel VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 57 Taṇhā Taṇhā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 59 craving craving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 62 Upādāna Upādāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 64 grasping grasping NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 67 Bhava Bhava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 69 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 72 Jāti Jāti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 74 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 77 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 78 Jarāmaraṇa Jarāmaraṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 79 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 80 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 81 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 83 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 85 sorrow sorrow NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 87 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 107 89 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 2 167][168 167][168 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 5 breaking break VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 7 circuitous circuitous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 8 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 11 Twelve Twelve NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 12 Nidanas Nidanas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 15 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 17 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 19 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 20 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 21 cycles cycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 23 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 25 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 26 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 28 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 108 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 2 169 169 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 4 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 6 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 8 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 11 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 12 Aggregates Aggregates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 14 pañca pañca NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 15 khandha khandha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 17 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 20 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 21 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 109 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 1 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 4 rūpa rūpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 6     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 9 elements elements NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 11 mahābhūta mahābhūta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 13                 _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 14 ↓ ↓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 15         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 16 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 18 phassa phassa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 20           _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 21 ↓ ↓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 22 ↑ ↑ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 23     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 24 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 26 viññāna viññāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 28                     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 29 → → SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 30 ← ← NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 31             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 32 ← ← NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 33     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 34 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 35 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 37 cetasika cetasika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 39         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 40 feeling feeling NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 42 vedanā vedanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 44             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 45 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 47 sañña sañña NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 49             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 50 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 52 saṅkhāra saṅkhāra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 54                 _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 55 Form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 56 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 57 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 58 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 60 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 61 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 62 Elements Elements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 110 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 111 1 Consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 111 2 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 111 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 111 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 111 5 aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 111 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 1 Mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 2 Factors Factors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 3 arise arise VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 8 Consciousness Consciousness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 11 aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 112 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 1 Source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 3 MN MN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 4 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 6 Thanissaro Thanissaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 10       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 11 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 12       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 13 diagram diagram NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 14 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 15 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 16 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 18 Anātman Anātman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 20 Śūnyatā Śūnyatā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 21 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 22 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 23 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 27 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 29 anattā anattā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 31 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 34 anātman anātman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 36 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 113 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 4 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 9 unchanging unchanging JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 11 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 12 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 14 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 16 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 18 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 114 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 2 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 8 philosophers philosopher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 10 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 11 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 14 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 16 Buddhaghosa Buddhaghosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 18 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 19 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 22 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 25 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 27 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 28 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 30 schema schema NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 33 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 34 aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 37 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 38 attempting attempt VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 40 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 42 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 44 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 45 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 46 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 48 personality personality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 49 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 50 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 51 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 52 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 53 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 115 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 2 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 7 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 10 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 14 Anattalakkhana Anattalakkhana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 15 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 116 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 2 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 6 voidness voidness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 9 Skt Skt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 11 Śūnyatā Śūnyatā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 13 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 15 Suññatā Suññatā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 20 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 21 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 23 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 24 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 25 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 26 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 28 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 29 Buddhisms buddhism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 117 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 8 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 12 aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 14 void void JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 16 rittaka rittaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 19 hollow hollow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 21 tucchaka tucchaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 24 coreless coreless NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 26 asāraka asāraka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 30 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 34 Pheṇapiṇḍūpama Pheṇapiṇḍūpama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 35 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 37 SN SN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 38 22:95 22:95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 118 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 2 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 7 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 12 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 13 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 16 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 17 aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 19 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 22 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 119 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 4 Emptiness Emptiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 7 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 8 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 10 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 13 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 15 Nagarjuna Nagarjuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 17 Madhyamaka Madhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 18 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 23 Prajñāpāramitā Prajñāpāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 24 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 120 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 2 Madhyamaka madhyamaka NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 3 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 5 emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 8 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 10 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 13 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 15 dharmas dharmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 18 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 19 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 20 svabhava svabhava NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 22 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 24 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 26 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 30 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 32 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 38 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 39 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 40 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 41 underlying underlying JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 42 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 45 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 46 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 48 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 51 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 52 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 121 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 2 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 3 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 5 refute refute VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 7 heterodox heterodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 8 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 10 svabhava svabhava NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 11 circulating circulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 122 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 2 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 5 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 6 Jewels Jewels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 7 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 8 Wheel Wheel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 10 triratna triratna JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 11 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 13 Sanchi Sanchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 14 Stupa Stupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 16 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 123 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 4 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 5 Jewels jewel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 6 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 7 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 10 revere revere NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 12 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 13 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 14 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 18 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 19 jewels jewel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 22 triratna triratna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 25 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 27 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 29 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 124 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 2 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 8 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 9 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 11 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 14 revere revere NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 20 buddhahood buddhahood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 25 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 26 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 28 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 29 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 125 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 1 Whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 7 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 10 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 11 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 14 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 126 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 2 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 6 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 8 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 11 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 12 awake awake JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 13 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 16 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 18 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 127 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 3 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 5 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 8 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 10 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 13 ended end VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 15 unwholesome unwholesome JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 16 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 17 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 19 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 21 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 22 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 24 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 26 morally morally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 27 perfected perfect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 128 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 2 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 5 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 8 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 11 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 12 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 14 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 15 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 18 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 23 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 26 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 27 suffers suffer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 29 backaches backache NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 33 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 35 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 39 deep deep JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 41 immeasurable immeasurable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 43 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 47 fathom fathom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 48 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 51 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 52 ocean ocean NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 56 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 57 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 58 immense immense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 59 psychic psychic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 60 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 62 abhijñā abhijñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 129 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 2 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 4 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 5 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 6 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 7 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 11 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 12 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 13 Sakyamuni Sakyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 17 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 21 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 22 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 130 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 4 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 5 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 8 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 12 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 13 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 15 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 17 Teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 21 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 23 Discipline Discipline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 27 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 29 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 131 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 2 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 7 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 11 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 13 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 16 sammasambuddha sammasambuddha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 19 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 21 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 23 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 25 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 27 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 29 paccekabuddha paccekabuddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 31 solitary solitary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 32 buddha buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 34 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 36 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 132 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 2 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 6 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 10 vastly vastly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 11 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 12 cosmology cosmology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 15 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 16 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 19 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 20 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 22 aryas aryas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 24 residing reside VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 27 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 133 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 1 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 2 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 5 revere revere VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 6 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 7 Buddhas Buddhas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 8 besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 9 Sakyamuni Sakyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 13 Amitabha Amitabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 15 Vairocana Vairocana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 19 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 22 transcendental transcendental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 24 supramundane supramundane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 26 lokuttara lokuttara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 28 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 134 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 2 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 6 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 10 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 13 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 16 contacted contact VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 19 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 21 benefit benefit VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 22 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 135 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 2 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 11 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 14 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 15 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 20 protector protector NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 22 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 23 creatures creature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 27 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 30 countless countless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 32 eons eon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 33 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 35 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 36 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 37 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 39 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 40 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 41 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 42 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 43 transcended transcend VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 45 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 46 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 47 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 136 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 2 181 181 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 5 Sakyamuni Sakyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 7 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 9 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 11 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 13 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 14 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 15 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 19 mere mere JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 20 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 25 manifestation manifestation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 26 skilfully skilfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 27 projected project VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 29 earthly earthly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 30 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 33 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 35 enlightened enlighten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 36 transcendent transcendent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 37 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 39 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 41 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 42 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 44 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 46 faithful faithful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 47 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 48 visionary visionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 49 experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 137 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 3 181][182 181][182 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 5 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 9 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 11 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 14 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 16 Dhamma Dhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 20 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 23 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 25 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 28 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 29 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 32 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 33 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 34 outlined outline VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 35 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 138 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 3 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 4 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 6 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 7 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 9 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 15 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 18 clung cling VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 23 pragmatic pragmatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 24 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 27 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 29 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 139 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 3 likened liken VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 6 raft raft NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 11 crossing cross VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 12 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 16 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 20 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 21 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 140 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 2 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 6 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 9 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 10 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 12 cosmic cosmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 13 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 16 teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 17 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 18 reveals reveal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 20 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 21 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 141 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 2 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 7 everlasting everlasting JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 8 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 10 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 13 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 15 worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 142 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 3 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 8 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 9 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 11 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 12 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 14 universe universe NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 18 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 21 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 23 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 24 really really RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 143 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 2 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 5 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 9 jewels jewel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 12 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 13 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 14 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 15 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 144 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 2 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 4 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 5 worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 9 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 11 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 15 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 18 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 20 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 22 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 24 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 26 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 145 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 5 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 7 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 8 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 9 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 13 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 14 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 15 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 146 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 1 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 2 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 3 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 5 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 7 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 10 Arhat Arhat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 12 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 14 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 15 praying pray VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 19 Tooth Tooth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 20 Relic Relic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 21 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 23 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 25 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 27 jewel jewel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 30 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 31 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 32 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 37 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 40 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 41 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 44 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 45 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 47 monks monks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 49 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 50 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 51 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 52 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 53 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 54 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 55 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 56 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 57 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 58 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 60 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 61 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 62 shape shape VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 64 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 65 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 66 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 67 ideal ideal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 68 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 70 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 72 optimum optimum JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 73 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 74 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 75 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 76 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 147 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 3 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 6 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 7 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 9 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 12 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 14 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 18 ideal ideal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 19 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 21 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 27 celibate celibate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 28 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 29 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 31 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 32 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 33 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 35 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 38 alms alm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 39 bowl bowl NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 41 robes robe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 148 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 2 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 5 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 7 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 8 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 10 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 12 preserve preserve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 14 pass pass VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 15 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 17 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 149 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 3 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 6 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 7 lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 9 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 11 preserves preserve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 13 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 15 Scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 17 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 19 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 20 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 150 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 3 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 151 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 3 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 6 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 8 acts act VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 12 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 14 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 17 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 19 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 22 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 23 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 24 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 26 goodness goodness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 28 donating donate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 31 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 33 supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 34 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 152 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 2 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 5 keep keep VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 7 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 9 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 11 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 13 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 14 everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 17 good good NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 153 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 2 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 5 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 8 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 10 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 12 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 14 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 15 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 19 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 21 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 22 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 25 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 26 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 31 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 32 generations generation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 154 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 2 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 3 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 5 force force VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 7 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 9 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 11 dependence dependence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 14 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 17 lay lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 18 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 21 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 22 beg beg VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 24 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 25 etc etc NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 28 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 29 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 31 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 32 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 34 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 37 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 38 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 155 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 2 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 5 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 7 Siddhartha Siddhartha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 8 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 11 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 12 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 13 prostrating prostrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 14 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 16 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 17 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 18 Dipankara Dipankara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 156 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 2 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 4 resolve resolve NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 11 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 13 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 15 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 16 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 19 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 22 bodhisatta bodhisatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 157 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 5 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 6 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 8 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 10 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 12 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 15 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 16 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 17 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 19 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 21 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 26 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 158 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 2 sangha sangha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 6 āryasaṅgha āryasaṅgha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 8 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 9 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 159 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 2 190 190 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 4 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 5 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 8 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 9 reveres revere VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 11 āryas āryas JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 13 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 15 ariya ariya VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 18 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 19 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 23 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 24 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 27 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 29 spiritually spiritually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 30 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 31 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 160 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 1 Aryas Aryas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 3 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 5 fruits fruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 8 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 9 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 161 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 2 191 191 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 4 Becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 6 arya arya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 9 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 11 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 12 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 162 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 2 āryasaṅgha āryasaṅgha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 3 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 4 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 5 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 8 bodhisattvas bodhisattvas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 10 arhats arhat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 12 stream stream NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 14 enterers enterer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 163 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 1 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 2 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 4 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 6 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 10 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 11 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 13 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 164 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 6 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 10 arhat arhat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 12 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 13 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 15 worthy worthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 19 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 21 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 23 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 24 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 26 bodhi bodhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 30 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 32 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 34 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 37 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 165 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 2 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 6 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 8 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 9 ended end VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 10 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 12 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 14 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 15 defilements defilement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 166 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 2 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 7 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 9 awakening awaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 12 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 15 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 17 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 19 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 22 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 23 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 24 awakening awaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 26 bodhi bodhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 30 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 167 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 3 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 6 buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 7 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 8 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 9 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 11 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 15 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 17 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 18 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 21 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 22 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 24 vow vow NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 26 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 29 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 30 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 35 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 36 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 38 confirmation confirmation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 40 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 41 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 42 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 43 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 168 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 2 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 5 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 8 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 11 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 12 Metteyya Metteyya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 14 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 17 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 19 revered revere VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 22 bodhisatta bodhisatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 23 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 24 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 26 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 27 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 169 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 2 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 7 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 9 attainment attainment JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 12 arhat arhat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 15 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 16 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 18 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 21 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 24 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 28 sake sake NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 30 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 31 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 170 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 2 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 3 promotes promote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 5 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 6 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 9 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 11 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 12 worthwhile worthwhile JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 171 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 2 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 8 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 11 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 12 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 14 bodhicitta bodhicitta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 17 wish wish NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 19 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 21 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 23 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 26 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 28 compassion compassion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 30 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 31 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 34 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 36 bodhisattva,[195 bodhisattva,[195 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 38 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 40 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 41 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 42 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 44 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 46 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 48 Avalokiteshvara Avalokiteshvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 50 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 51 reached reach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 52 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 53 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 54 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 56 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 57 attainment attainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 59 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 60 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 61 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 62 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 63 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 64 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 65 supramundane supramundane NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 66 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 67 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 68 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 69 aid aid NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 70 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 71 countless countless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 72 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 73 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 74 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 75 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 76 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 172 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 2 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 5 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 7 views view VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 9 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 11 Yogachara Yogachara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 13 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 15 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 16 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 19 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 21 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 25 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 27 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 28 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 30 promoting promote VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 31 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 32 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 33 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 36 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 38 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 39 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 41 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 42 treatises treatise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 173 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 6 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 7 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 9 emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 11 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 12 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 13 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 16 Madhyamaka Madhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 17 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 174 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 2 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 3 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 4 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 9 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 10 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 11 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 14 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 15 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 16 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 18 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 19 Vijñaptimātratā Vijñaptimātratā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 21 vāda vāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 25 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 27 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 29 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 30 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 34 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 35 impressions impression NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 39 Vijñānavāda Vijñānavāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 43 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 45 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 175 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 3 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 4 Siderits Siderits NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 6 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 7 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 8 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 9 thinkers thinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 10 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 11 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 14 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 17 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 20 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 21 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 23 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 24 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 26 impressions impression NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 29 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 30 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 32 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 33 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 35 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 37 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 39 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 40 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 41 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 42 thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 43 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 45 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 176 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 3 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 5 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 7 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 8 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 11 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 15 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 16 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 20 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 22 Idealism Idealism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 24 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 27 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 29 phenomenology phenomenology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 177 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 2 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 5 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 6 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 7 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 8 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 10 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 17 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 20 buddhadhātu buddhadhātu NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 24 Tathagata Tathagata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 26 womb womb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 29 tathāgatagarbha tathāgatagarbha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 178 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 1 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 3 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 6 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 7 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 10 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 12 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 13 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 14 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 15 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 20 Tathāgatagarbha Tathāgatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 21 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 179 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 4 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 6 Sutras Sutras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 7 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 9 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 11 sentient sentient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 12 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 13 contain contain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 15 Tathagata Tathagata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 19 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 20 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 22 core core VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 23 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 24 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 26 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 27 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 180 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 2 199][note 199][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 7 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 8 Brunnholzl Brunnholzl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 11 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 12 mahayana mahayana JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 13 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 16 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 19 discuss discuss VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 21 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 23 tathāgatagarbha tathāgatagarbha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 26 buddha buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 27 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 30 innate innate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 32 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 33 sentient sentient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 34 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 35 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 37 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 39 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 40 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 43 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 44 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 46 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 47 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 48 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 181 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 3 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 5 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 9 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 10 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 12 conflict conflict VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 15 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 16 anatta anatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 17 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 19 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 20 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 21 Self self JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 24 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 25 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 27 posit posit VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 30 Tathāgatagarbha Tathāgatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 31 Sutras Sutras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 33 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 35 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 36 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 38 non non NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 39 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 40 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 182 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 2 202][203 202][203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 7 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 10 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 12 Laṅkāvatāra Laṅkāvatāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 13 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 16 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 20 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 22 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 24 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 25 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 28 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 29 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 31 listen listen VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 34 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 36 anatta anatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 183 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 2 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 6 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 8 Ratnagotravibhāga Ratnagotravibhāga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 9 clarify clarify NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 13 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 15 implied imply VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 17 Tathagatagarbha Tathagatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 18 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 20 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 24 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 184 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 2 205][206 205][206 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 4 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 5 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 8 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 11 advanced advance VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 14 thinkers thinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 15 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 17 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 19 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 20 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 22 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 23 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 25 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 26 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 27 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 29 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 30 Atman Atman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 31 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 185 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 2 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 4 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 8 synthetic synthetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 9 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 11 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 13 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 15 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 16 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 17 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 19 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 22 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 23 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 186 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 1 Paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 3 liberation liberation VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 8 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 10 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 11 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 13 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 14 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 15 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 17 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 19 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 22 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 25 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 26 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 28 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 30 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 32 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 33 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 34 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 35 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 37 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 40 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 41 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 42 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 187 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 4 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 5 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 6 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 7 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 10 sila sila NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 12 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 15 samadhi samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 17 meditation meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 19 dhyana dhyana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 22 prajña prajña NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 24 wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 29 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 32 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 33 trainings training NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 188 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 2 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 3 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 4 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 7 kind kind JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 9 compassionate compassionate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 10 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 11 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 12 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 13 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 14 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 189 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 1 Devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 4 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 8 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 13 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 14 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 15 visualisations visualisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 17 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 19 mandalas mandala NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 21 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 190 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 2 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 4 textual textual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 5 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 7 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 8 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 11 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 13 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 191 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 3 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 5 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 7 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 8 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 10 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 15 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 16 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 17 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 19 ambiguous ambiguous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 20 stance stance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 192 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 2 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 3 guiding guide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 4 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 7 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 10 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 11 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 13 madhyamapratipad madhyamapratipad NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 193 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 4 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 6 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 9 sermon sermon JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 11 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 13 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 15 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 16 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 17 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 21 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 22 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 23 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 24 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 25 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 27 extremes extreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 29 asceticism asceticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 31 hedonistic hedonistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 32 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 33 pleasures pleasure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 194 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 2 207][208 207][208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 7 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 8 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 11 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 14 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 15 arising arising NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 18 conditioned condition VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 19 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 21 pratītyasamutpāda pratītyasamutpāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 24 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 25 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 27 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 30 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 31 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 32 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 33 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 34 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 36 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 39 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 40 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 43 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 44 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 46 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 48 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 50 eternalism eternalism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 53 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 54 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 55 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 56 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 58 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 59 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 60 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 61 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 62 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 64 annihilationism annihilationism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 195 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 2 209][210 209][210 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 4 Paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 6 liberation liberation VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 9 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 10 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 13 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 14 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 17 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 19 mārga mārga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 22 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 25 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 26 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 27 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 31 graduated graduated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 32 talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 38 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 39 lays lay VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 40 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 42 step step NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 44 step step NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 45 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 196 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 2 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 9 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 11 sequences sequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 14 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 15 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 18 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 197 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 2 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 8 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 10 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 12 presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 13 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 15 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 16 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 17 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 20 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 21 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 22 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 26 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 27 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 30 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 31 Ones Ones NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 34 Skt Skt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 198 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 199 1 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 199 2 āryāṣṭāṅgamārga āryāṣṭāṅgamārga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 199 3 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 199 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 199 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 4 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 7 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 10 famously famously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 13 Dhammacakkappavattana Dhammacakkappavattana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 14 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 17 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 20 turning turning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 23 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 24 wheel wheel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 200 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 2 suttas sutta NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 6 Tevijja Tevijja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 7 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 11 Cula Cula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 13 Hatthipadopama Hatthipadopama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 15 sutta sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 16 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 18 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 19 outline outline NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 22 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 24 though though RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 26 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 27 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 28 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 31 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 33 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 201 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 2 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 6 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 7 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 10 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 12 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 15 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 16 summarized summarize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 18 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 20 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 21 formula formula NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 24 abandoning abandon VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 26 hindrances hindrance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 28 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 31 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 32 establishings establishing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 34 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 37 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 40 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 41 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 202 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 3 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 5 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 6 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 7 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 8 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 11 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 12 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 13 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 15 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 16 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 17 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 20 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 22 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 23 interconnected interconnect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 24 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 26 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 29 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 30 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 31 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 33 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 36 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 38 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 203 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 2 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 5 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 6 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 9 Right right UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 10 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 13 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 14 Understanding Understanding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 17 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 18 Intention Intention NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 21 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 22 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 25 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 26 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 28 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 29 Action Action NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 31 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 32 Livelihood Livelihood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 34 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 35 Effort Effort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 37 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 38 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 41 Right right UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 42 Concentration Concentration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 204 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 2 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 3 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 6 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 9 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 10 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 11 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 14 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 16 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 19 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 21 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 23 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 25 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 27 unsatisfactoriness unsatisfactoriness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 205 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 2 215][216 215][216 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 5 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 6 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 9 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 12 enlightened enlighten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 13 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 14 stopped stop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 16 craving craving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 18 clinging clinging NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 20 karmic karmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 21 accumulations accumulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 24 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 25 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 27 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 28 cycles cycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 30 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 32 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 206 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 2 217][218][219 217][218][219 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 5 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 6 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 7 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 9 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 11 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 12 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 13 divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 16 follows:[220][221][222 follows:[220][221][222 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 18 Division Division NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 19 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 20 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 21 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 23 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 24 Description Description NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 25 Wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 27 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 29 prajñā prajñā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 31 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 33 paññā paññā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 35 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 207 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 2 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 3 samyag samyag UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 4 dṛṣṭi dṛṣṭi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 6 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 7 ditthi ditthi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 9 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 11 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 14 afterlife afterlife NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 17 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 18 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 20 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 23 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 24 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 26 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 28 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 29 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 31 nirvana;[220 nirvana;[220 RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 33 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 35 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 36 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 39 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 40 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 42 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 44 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 47 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 50 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 51 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 53 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 55 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 59 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 62 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 63 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 64 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 67 True True NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 68 Realities Realities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 208 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 209 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 209 2 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 209 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 209 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 209 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 2 intention intention NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 3 samyag samyag NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 4 saṃkalpa saṃkalpa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 6 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 7 saṅkappa saṅkappa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 8 Giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 9 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 10 home home RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 12 adopting adopt VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 17 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 18 mendicant mendicant NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 20 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 22 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 24 path;[220 path;[220 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 26 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 27 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 29 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 30 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 32 aims aim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 34 peaceful peaceful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 35 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 38 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 39 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 41 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 42 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 43 sensuality sensuality JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 45 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 46 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 47 ill ill JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 49 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 52 lovingkindness lovingkindness VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 55 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 56 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 57 cruelty cruelty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 59 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 60 compassion compassion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 210 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 2 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 4 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 5 virtues[221 virtues[221 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 8 Sanskrit sanskrit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 10 śīla śīla JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 12 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 14 sīla sīla NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 16 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 211 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 2 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 3 samyag samyag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 4 vāc vāc NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 6 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 7 vāca vāca NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 8 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 9 lying lying NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 12 rude rude JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 13 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 15 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 16 telling tell VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 18 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 20 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 21 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 22 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 23 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 25 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 28 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 30 salvation salvation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 212 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 213 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 213 2 220 220 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 213 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 213 4 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 213 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 2 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 3 samyag samyag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 4 karman karman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 6 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 7 kammanta kammanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 8 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 9 killing killing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 11 injuring injure VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 13 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 14 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 15 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 18 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 20 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 21 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 22 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 24 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 25 pursuit,[220 pursuit,[220 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 28 lay lay NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 29 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 30 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 31 sensual sensual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 32 misconduct misconduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 33 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 35 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 36 involvement involvement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 38 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 39 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 42 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 44 unmarried unmarried JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 45 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 46 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 48 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 49 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 51 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 214 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 215 2 224][225][226 224][225][226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 215 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 215 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 2 livelihood livelihood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 3 samyag samyag VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 4 ājīvana ājīvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 6 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 7 ājīva ājīva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 8 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 9 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 11 beg beg VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 13 feed feed VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 15 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 16 possessing possess VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 17 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 19 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 21 sustain sustain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 22 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 216 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 2 227 227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 5 lay lay NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 6 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 9 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 10 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 12 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 13 livelihood livelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 15 abstaining abstain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 17 wrong wrong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 18 livelihood livelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 20 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 23 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 25 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 27 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 29 suffering suffer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 31 sentient sentient VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 32 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 34 cheating cheat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 38 harming harm VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 40 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 41 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 43 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 44 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 217 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 2 228][229 228][229 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 4 Meditation[221 Meditation[221 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 7 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 9 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 11 samādhi samādhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 13 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 218 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 2 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 3 samyag samyag NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 4 vyāyāma vyāyāma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 6 sammā sammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 7 vāyāma vāyāma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 8 Guard Guard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 9 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 10 sensual sensual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 11 thoughts thought NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 14 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 16 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 17 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 19 aims aim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 21 preventing prevent VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 22 unwholesome unwholesome JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 23 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 25 disrupt disrupt VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 26 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 219 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 220 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 220 2 230 230 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 220 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 220 4 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 220 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 2 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 3 samyag samyag VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 4 smṛti smṛti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 6 sammā sammā JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 7 sati sati NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 8 Never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 10 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 11 minded minded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 13 conscious conscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 15 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 18 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 22 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 23 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 25 encourages encourage VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 26 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 27 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 28 impermanence impermanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 31 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 33 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 35 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 37 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 38 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 41 experience experience VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 43 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 44 skandhas skandha NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 47 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 48 hindrances hindrance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 51 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 52 True True NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 53 Realities Realities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 55 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 56 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 58 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 221 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 222 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 222 2 230 230 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 222 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 222 4 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 222 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 1 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 2 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 3 samyag samyag NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 4 samādhi samādhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 6 sammā sammā JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 7 samādhi samādhi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 8 Correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 9 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 11 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 13 dhyana dhyana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 16 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 19 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 20 jhānas jhāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 223 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 2 220][231 220][231 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 4 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 5 presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 8 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 9 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 13 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 14 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 16 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 17 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 18 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 19 explanations explanation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 22 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 24 awakening awaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 224 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 4 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 7 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 10 encapsulated encapsulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 12 Theravadins Theravadins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 15 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 16 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 19 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 20 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 21 Truths Truths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 24 Eighthfold Eighthfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 25 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 225 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 2 232][233 232][233 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 5 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 6 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 8 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 10 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 13 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 14 laid lay VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 15 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 17 Buddhaghosa Buddhaghosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 19 Visuddhimagga Visuddhimagga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 226 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 2 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 8 Seven Seven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 9 Purifications Purifications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 12 satta satta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 14 visuddhi visuddhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 227 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 2 234 234 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 5 schema schema NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 8 accompanying accompanying JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 9 outline outline NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 12 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 13 knowledges knowledge NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 16 vipassanā vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 18 ñāṇa ñāṇa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 21 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 23 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 24 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 25 Theravadin Theravadin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 26 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 28 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 29 Mahasi Mahasi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 30 Sayadaw Sayadaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 33 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 35 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 36 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 38 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 42 Nyanatiloka Nyanatiloka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 43 Thera Thera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 47 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 48 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 49 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 50 Path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 52 Deliverance Deliverance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 53 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 228 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 2 235][236 235][236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 4 Mahayana mahayana JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 5 presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 8 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 9 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 12 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 13 principally principally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 14 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 16 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 19 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 229 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 2 237 237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 5 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 6 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 13 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 15 buddhahood buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 230 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 2 238 238 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 8 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 10 synonym synonym NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 12 Bodhisattvayāna Bodhisattvayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 15 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 16 Vehicle Vehicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 231 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 3 239][240][241 239][240][241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 7 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 10 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 14 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 17 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 20 awaken awaken VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 22 bodhicitta bodhicitta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 232 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 2 242 242 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 4 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 6 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 8 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 10 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 13 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 14 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 16 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 17 Bhumi Bhumi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 18 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 21 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 22 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 23 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 25 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 27 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 233 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 2 242 242 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 5 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 7 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 10 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 14 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 16 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 17 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 21 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 23 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 27 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 28 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 31 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 33 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 35 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 36 Buddhahood buddhahood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 37 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 38 climbing climb VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 39 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 41 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 42 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 43 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 44 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 45 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 234 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 2 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 6 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 7 outlined outline VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 9 elaborate elaborate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 10 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 13 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 15 laypeople laypeople NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 19 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 20 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 22 vow vow NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 24 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 25 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 26 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 27 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 30 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 32 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 35 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 36 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 37 cross cross VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 38 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 40 liberate liberate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 41 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 43 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 44 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 45 reaches reach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 47 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 50 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 51 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 235 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 2 237 237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 5 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 8 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 11 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 13 perfections perfection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 16 cross cross VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 17 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 20 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 23 Jatakas Jatakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 24 tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 26 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 28 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 29 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 236 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 2 244][245 244][245 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 5 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 8 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 9 bhūmis bhūmis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 12 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 13 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 16 Sarvāstivāda Sarvāstivāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 17 Vaibhāṣika Vaibhāṣika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 18 schema schema NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 22 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 23 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 27 Yogacara Yogacara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 28 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 237 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 2 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 7 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 8 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 10 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 13 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 15 Asanga Asanga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 17 Mahāyānasaṃgraha Mahāyānasaṃgraha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 238 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 2 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 8 inconsistent inconsistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 11 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 14 pāramitās pāramitās JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 18 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 19 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 20 lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 22 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 24 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 25 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 27 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 29 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 31 fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 33 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 239 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 2 247][248][249 247][248][249 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 5 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 6 paramitas paramitas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 10 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 14 are:[244][249][250 are:[244][249][250 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 16 Dāna Dāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 17 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 19 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 21 giving giving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 23 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 25 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 27 nuns nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 30 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 31 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 32 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 33 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 36 alms alm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 38 gifts gift NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 41 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 42 householders householder NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 45 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 47 generating generate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 48 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 49 merit;[251 merit;[251 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 50 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 51 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 52 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 53 recommend recommend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 54 ritually ritually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 55 transferring transfer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 57 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 58 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 59 accumulated accumulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 60 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 61 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 62 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 63 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 64 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 65 else else RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 66 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 67 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 69 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 71 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 72 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 73 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 74 outlines outline VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 75 ethical ethical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 76 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 77 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 78 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 79 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 80 laity laity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 83 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 84 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 85 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 86 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 87 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 88 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 89 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 90 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 91 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 92 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 93 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 95 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 96 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 97 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 240 98 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 1 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 2 Speech Speech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 4 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 5 Action Action NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 7 Right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 8 Livelihood)[252 livelihood)[252 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 10 Kṣānti Kṣānti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 11 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 13 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 15 patience patience NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 17 willingness willingness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 19 endure endure VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 20 hardship hardship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 21 Vīrya Vīrya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 22 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 24 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 26 vigour vigour NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 32 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 33 Effort Effort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 36 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 37 Path[252 path[252 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 39 Dhyāna Dhyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 40 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 42 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 44 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 46 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 47 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 48 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 50 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 51 Concentration Concentration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 54 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 55 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 56 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 57 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 58 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 59 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 61 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 63 wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 66 awakening awaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 67 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 69 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 71 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 72 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 73 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 74 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 76 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 78 impermanence impermanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 80 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 81 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 82 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 84 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 85 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 86 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 87 emptiness;[249][253 emptiness;[249][253 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 88 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 89 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 90 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 91 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 92 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 93 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 95 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 96 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 98 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 99 conviction conviction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 101 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 102 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 103 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 104 realisation realisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 105 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 106 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 107 dharmas dharma NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 108 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 109 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 110 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 111 arising arising JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 112 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 241 113 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 2 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 6 Sutras Sutras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 8 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 9 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 10 pāramitā pāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 14 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 15 perfections perfection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 18 skillful skillful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 19 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 21 vow vow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 23 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 25 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 242 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 2 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 6 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 7 pāramitā pāramitā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 10 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 11 rated rate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 12 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 14 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 15 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 19 Prajna Prajna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 21 paramita paramita NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 27 perfection perfection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 29 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 243 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 2 248 248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 5 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 8 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 9 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 11 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 12 Shōhei Shōhei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 13 Ichimura Ichimura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 19 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 21 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 22 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 23 duality duality JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 26 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 28 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 30 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 31 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 244 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 2 254][255 254][255 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 4 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 5 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 8 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 11 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 13 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 15 classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 16 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 18 presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 21 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 25 eighth eighth RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 27 fold fold JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 28 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 29 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 30 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 32 classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 33 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 34 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 35 presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 36 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 38 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 39 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 42 Da Da NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 43 zhidu zhidu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 44 lun lun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 245 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 2 256 256 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 4 There there RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 7 presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 9 soteriology soteriology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 11 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 12 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 13 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 15 vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 17 yanas yanas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 21 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 22 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 24 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 25 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 26 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 246 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 2 257 257 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 7 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 8 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 9 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 247 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 2 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 7 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 9 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 10 outlines outline NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 13 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 17 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 18 Entrances Entrances NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 20 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 21 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 24 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 25 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 28 Ten Ten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 29 Ox Ox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 31 Herding Herding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 32 Pictures Pictures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 35 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 36 mysterious mysterious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 37 Gates gate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 39 Linji Linji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 248 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 1 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 3 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 6 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 8 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 12 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 14 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 16 outlined outline VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 19 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 20 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 22 Lamrim Lamrim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 25 Stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 28 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 249 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 1 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 3 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 4 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 5 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 8 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 9 Lamrim Lamrim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 10 presentations presentation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 250 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 2 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 5 traced trace VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 7 Atiśa Atiśa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 9 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 12 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 13 Lamp Lamp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 16 Path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 18 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 20 Bodhipathapradīpa Bodhipathapradīpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 251 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 2 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 4 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 6 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 7 Hearing hear VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 9 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 11 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 12 Sermon Sermon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 15 Deer Deer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 16 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 17 depicted depict VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 19 Wat Wat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 20 Chedi Chedi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 21 Liem Liem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 23 Kay Kay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 24 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 25 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 26 suttas sutta NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 28 present present VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 30 graduated graduate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 31 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 32 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 35 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 37 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 40 Samaññaphala Samaññaphala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 41 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 44 Cula Cula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 46 Hatthipadopama Hatthipadopama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 47 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 50 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 51 step step NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 52 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 54 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 55 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 56 hearing hear VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 58 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 59 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 61 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 252 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 2 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 6 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 8 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 11 acquiring acquire VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 13 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 15 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 20 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 253 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 2 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 4 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 6 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 9 Yin Yin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 10 Shun Shun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 12 state state VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 14 hearing hear VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 16 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 18 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 21 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 22 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 24 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 26 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 27 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 28 wants want VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 30 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 32 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 34 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 35 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 254 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 3 259 259 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 5 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 8 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 10 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 15 Stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 18 Path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 21 Lamrim Lamrim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 23 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 24 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 25 place place VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 27 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 29 listening listen VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 32 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 33 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 36 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 37 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 38 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 255 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 2 260 260 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 4 Refuge Refuge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 8 Refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 12 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 16 step step NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 18 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 19 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 20 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 21 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 22 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 26 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 27 Refuges Refuges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 30 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 31 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 33 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 34 Jewels Jewels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 36 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 38 triratna triratna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 40 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 42 tiratana tiratana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 46 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 48 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 49 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 50 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 51 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 256 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 2 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 5 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 9 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 12 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 13 motif motif NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 16 triple triple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 17 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 19 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 22 Rigveda Rigveda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 23 9.97.47 9.97.47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 25 Rigveda rigveda NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 26 6.46.9 6.46.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 28 Chandogya Chandogya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 29 Upanishad Upanishad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 30 2.22.3–4 2.22.3–4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 257 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 2 262 262 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 4 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 7 adds add VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 9 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 10 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 14 lama lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 258 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 3 refuges refuge NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 5 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 7 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 10 protective protective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 15 reverence reverence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 259 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 2 261 261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 5 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 6 formula formula NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 9 repeated repeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 11 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 12 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 13 affirms affirm VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 16 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 17 go go VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 20 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 22 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 24 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 25 go go VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 28 Dhamma Dhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 30 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 32 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 33 go go VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 36 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 38 refuge refuge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 260 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 3 263 263 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 5 Reciting recite VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 7 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 8 refuges refuge NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 10 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 12 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 15 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 19 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 21 hide hide VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 23 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 25 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 28 purifies purifie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 30 uplifts uplift NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 32 strengthens strengthen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 34 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 261 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 2 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 4 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 7 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 12 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 14 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 15 collect collect VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 16 alms alm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 18 Si Si NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 19 Phan Phan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 20 Don Don NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 22 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 262 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 1 Giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 4 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 5 virtue virtue NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 263 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 1 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 3 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 6 sīla sīla NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 8 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 12 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 15 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 16 virtues virtue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 19 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 22 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 23 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 26 integral integral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 27 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 30 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 31 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 32 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 264 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 2 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 5 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 6 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 8 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 9 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 11 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 12 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 14 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 15 livelihood livelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 265 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 2 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 8 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 9 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 11 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 16 taking taking NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 19 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 266 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 2 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 4 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 5 Precepts Precepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 7 laypeople laypeople NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 9 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 11 Ten Ten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 12 Precepts Precepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 14 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 15 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 20 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 22 Dhamma Dhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 24 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 26 Patimokkha Patimokkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 28 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 31 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 267 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 2 264][265 264][265 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 5 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 6 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 8 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 9 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 10 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 11 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 13 charity charity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 15 dāna dāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 18 Mettā Mettā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 20 Good Good NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 22 Will Will MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 25 Heedfulness Heedfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 27 Appamada Appamada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 30 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 31 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 33 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 34 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 36 Hri Hri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 39 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 40 regard regard VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 42 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 43 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 45 Apatrapya Apatrapya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 268 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 1 Precepts Precepts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 2 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 3 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 5 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 6 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 8 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 9 explain explain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 12 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 14 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 16 pañcasīla pañcasīla NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 18 Sanskrit sanskrit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 20 pañcaśīla pañcaśīla NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 24 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 25 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 27 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 28 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 269 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 2 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 8 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 9 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 11 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 15 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 18 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 19 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 270 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 2 266 266 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 5 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 6 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 8 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 11 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 12 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 13 applicable applicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 16 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 271 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 2 are:[264][267][268 are:[264][267][268 VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 6 undertake undertake VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 8 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 10 precept precept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 12 sikkha sikkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 14 padam padam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 17 abstain abstain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 19 onslaught onslaught NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 21 breathing breathe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 22 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 272 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 2 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 3 ordering order VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 5 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 6 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 7 else else RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 9 kill kill VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 273 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 2 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 3 suttas sutta NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 5 say say VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 6 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 7 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 10 approve approve VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 12 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 13 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 17 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 18 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 21 scrupulous scrupulous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 23 compassionate compassionate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 25 trembling tremble VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 28 welfare welfare NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 30 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 31 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 32 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 274 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 3 269 269 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 7 undertake undertake VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 9 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 11 precept precept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 13 abstain abstain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 15 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 16 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 19 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 275 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 7 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 8 fraud fraud NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 10 cheating cheating NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 12 forgery forgery NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 13 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 14 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 17 falsely falsely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 18 denying deny VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 20 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 23 debt debt NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 25 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 276 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 3 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 7 undertake undertake VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 9 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 11 precept precept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 13 abstain abstain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 15 misconduct misconduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 16 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 17 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 19 pleasures pleasure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 277 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 2 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 3 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 5 adultery adultery NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 7 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 8 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 10 rape rape NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 12 incest incest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 278 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 3 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 5 sex sex VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 7 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 10 legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 13 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 16 guardian guardian NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 279 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 4 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 7 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 10 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 12 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 280 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 2 271 271 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 6 undertake undertake VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 8 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 10 precept precept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 12 abstain abstain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 14 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 15 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 281 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 5 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 7 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 8 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 10 lying lying NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 12 deception deception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 14 exaggeration exaggeration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 15 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 16 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 17 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 19 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 20 deception deception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 22 gesture gesture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 25 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 26 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 28 misleading misleading JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 29 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 282 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 3 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 6 precept precept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 10 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 14 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 16 wrong wrong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 17 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 21 divisive divisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 22 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 24 harsh harsh JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 26 abusive abusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 28 angry angry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 29 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 32 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 33 idle idle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 34 chatter chatter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 283 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 3 273 273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 7 undertake undertake VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 9 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 11 precept precept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 13 abstain abstain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 15 alcoholic alcoholic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 16 drink drink NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 18 drugs drug NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 22 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 24 heedlessness heedlessness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 284 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 5 intoxication intoxication NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 7 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 10 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 12 mask mask VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 13 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 15 face face VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 17 sufferings suffering NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 19 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 285 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 3 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 5 damaging damage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 7 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 9 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 10 clarity clarity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 12 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 14 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 16 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 19 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 20 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 286 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 2 274 274 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 4 Undertaking undertake VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 6 upholding uphold VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 8 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 9 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 11 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 14 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 16 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 18 harming harming JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 20 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 22 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 24 ahiṃsa ahiṃsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 287 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 2 275 275 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 5 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 6 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 7 recommends recommend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 8 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 10 compare compare VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 11 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 13 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 18 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 20 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 24 hurt hurt VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 25 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 288 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 2 276 276 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 4 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 7 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 9 karmic karmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 10 retribution retribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 11 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 13 foundation foundation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 16 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 289 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 2 277][278 277][278 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 4 Undertaking undertake VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 6 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 7 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 9 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 11 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 12 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 13 devotional devotional NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 14 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 16 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 18 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 22 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 23 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 290 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 2 279][280 279][280 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 7 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 11 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 12 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 13 differs differ NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 14 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 15 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 291 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 2 281][280 281][280 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 7 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 11 śrāvakayāna śrāvakayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 12 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 15 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 16 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 18 contrasting contrast VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 19 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 22 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 23 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 292 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 2 282 282 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 5 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 6 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 9 commandments commandment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 11 transgressions transgression NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 12 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 14 invite invite VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 15 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 16 sanctions sanction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 20 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 22 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 23 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 26 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 27 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 29 karmic karmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 30 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 32 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 33 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 36 afterlife afterlife NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 293 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 1 Killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 4 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 5 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 7 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 10 hell hell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 11 realms realms NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 16 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 20 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 21 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 22 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 24 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 25 victim victim NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 28 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 294 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 1 Adultery adultery NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 3 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 5 invites invite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 7 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 9 prostitute prostitute NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 12 hell hell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 14 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 16 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 18 partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 20 unmarried unmarried JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 22 married married JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 295 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 2 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 5 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 6 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 9 voluntarily voluntarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 10 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 12 enforced enforce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 14 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 15 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 16 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 19 associated associated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 20 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 22 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 24 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 296 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 2 284 284 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 4 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 7 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 10 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 12 meant mean VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 14 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 15 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 17 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 19 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 20 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 23 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 25 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 297 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 2 285 285 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 5 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 10 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 11 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 13 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 15 patimokkha patimokkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 18 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 19 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 20 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 22 transgressions transgression NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 24 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 25 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 26 invite invite VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 27 sanctions sanction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 298 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 1 Full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 2 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 4 sangha sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 5 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 6 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 7 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 9 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 11 engaging engage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 13 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 14 intercourse intercourse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 16 theft theft NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 18 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 19 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 20 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 21 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 23 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 299 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 300 1 Temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 300 2 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 300 3 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 300 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 300 5 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 300 6 offence offence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 300 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 2 286 286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 5 sanctions sanction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 6 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 7 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 8 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 9 fraternity fraternity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 11 nikaya nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 301 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 2 287 287 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 4 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 5 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 7 novices novice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 11 fraternities fraternity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 13 uphold uphold VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 14 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 16 asta asta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 17 shila shila NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 20 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 22 das das NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 23 shila shila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 302 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 1 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 5 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 9 lay lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 10 devotee devotee NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 12 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 13 killing killing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 15 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 16 stealing stealing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 18 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 19 lying lying NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 22 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 23 intoxicants intoxicant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 303 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 2 288 288 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 6 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 7 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 8 are:[289][288 are:[289][288 IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 10 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 11 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 12 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 14 Abstain abstain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 16 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 19 wrong wrong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 304 22 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 1 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 2 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 3 solid solid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 4 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 5 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 6 noon noon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 9 Abstain Abstain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 11 jewellery jewellery NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 13 perfume perfume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 15 adornment adornment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 17 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 19 Abstain Abstain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 21 sleeping sleep VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 23 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 24 bed bed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 305 25 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 1 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 2 sleep sleep VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 5 mat mat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 8 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 306 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 2 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 3 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 5 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 6 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 8 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 11 uposatha uposatha JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 12 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 14 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 15 moon moon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 18 moon moon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 23 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 24 quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 25 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 27 lunar lunar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 28 calendar calendar NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 307 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 2 288 288 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 5 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 6 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 8 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 10 abstain abstain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 12 accepting accept VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 13 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 308 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 2 288 288 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 8 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 11 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 13 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 15 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 17 conduct conduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 22 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 25 patimokkha patimokkha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 309 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 2 290][note 290][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 3 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 5 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 7 ordination ordination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 8 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 10 Wat Wat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 11 Yannawa Yannawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 13 Bangkok Bangkok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 310 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 2 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 3 codes code NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 4 regulate regulate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 7 sangha sangha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 8 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 10 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 11 ordination ordination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 311 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 1 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 4 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 5 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 7 conduct conduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 10 sangha sangha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 12 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 14 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 312 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 2 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 4 Patimokkha Patimokkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 7 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 9 227 227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 10 offences offence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 11 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 12 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 13 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 15 decorum decorum NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 17 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 19 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 21 penalties penalty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 23 transgression transgression NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 27 Theravadin theravadin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 28 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 313 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 2 292 292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 5 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 6 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 9 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 10 Pitaka Pitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 12 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 15 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 17 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 19 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 20 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 22 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 25 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 26 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 27 set set VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 29 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 30 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 33 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 314 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 2 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 4 pattimokkha pattimokkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 6 recited recite VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 7 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 8 fortnight fortnight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 11 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 12 gathering gathering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 15 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 315 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 2 292 292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 5 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 7 vinaya vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 8 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 10 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 13 traced trace VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 16 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 17 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 21 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 22 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 25 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 26 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 27 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 316 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 2 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 4 Monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 5 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 8 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 9 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 10 cut cut VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 11 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 13 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 15 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 17 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 20 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 23 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 24 unto unto IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 25 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 317 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 2 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 4 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 6 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 7 fraternity fraternity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 10 sangha sangha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 13 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 14 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 318 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 2 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 5 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 6 abides abide NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 9 institutionalised institutionalise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 10 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 13 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 17 vinaya vinaya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 18 prescribes prescribe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 22 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 24 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 27 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 28 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 30 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 32 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 319 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 2 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 4 Transgressions Transgressions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 7 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 9 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 10 vinaya vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 11 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 12 invites invite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 13 enforcement enforcement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 17 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 18 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 20 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 21 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 320 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 2 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 4 Restraint restraint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 6 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 7 Living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 10 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 13 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 15 trukkhamulik'anga trukkhamulik'anga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 21 dhutaṅgas dhutaṅgas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 24 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 26 optional optional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 27 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 28 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 30 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 31 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 321 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 2 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 3 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 4 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 7 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 10 restraint restraint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 13 senses sense NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 15 indriyasamvara indriyasamvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 322 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 3 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 4 graduated graduate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 5 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 9 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 10 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 13 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 16 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 17 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 19 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 20 sitting sitting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 21 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 25 supports support VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 26 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 28 weakening weaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 29 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 30 desires desire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 34 hindrance hindrance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 36 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 323 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 2 296 296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 6 Anālayo Anālayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 8 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 9 restraint restraint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 14 guards guard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 16 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 17 doors door NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 21 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 22 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 23 impressions impression NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 25 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 27 desires desire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 29 discontent discontent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 324 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 3 296 296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 9 avoidance avoidance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 11 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 12 impression impression NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 16 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 18 mindful mindful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 19 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 20 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 22 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 23 impressions impression NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 25 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 27 dwell dwell VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 30 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 31 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 33 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 35 nimitta nimitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 325 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 3 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 5 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 6 harmful harmful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 7 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 9 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 11 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 326 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 2 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 5 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 7 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 9 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 10 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 13 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 14 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 16 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 18 forms form VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 20 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 22 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 24 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 327 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 2 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 5 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 7 virtue virtue NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 9 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 11 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 15 intent intent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 17 desirelessness desirelessness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 19 nekkhamma nekkhamma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 328 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 2 298 298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 4 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 6 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 9 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 12 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 14 desires desire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 17 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 19 unwholesome unwholesome NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 22 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 26 lust lust NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 28 sensuality sensuality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 30 worldly worldly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 31 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 329 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 2 299 299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 4 Renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 7 cultivated cultivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 9 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 10 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 330 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 4 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 12 cultivating cultivate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 13 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 331 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 2 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 5 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 6 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 8 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 11 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 13 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 15 bhiksu bhiksu NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 16 o o IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 17 bhiksuni bhiksuni NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 332 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 2 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 4 Practicing practice VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 5 celibacy celibacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 7 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 12 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 15 temporarily temporarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 20 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 22 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 333 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 2 301] > XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 5 Jataka Jataka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 6 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 10 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 12 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 14 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 15 practiced practice VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 16 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 18 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 19 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 334 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 2 302 302 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 5 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 7 cultivating cultivate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 8 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 9 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 12 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 15 contemplation contemplation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 17 anupassana anupassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 22 dangers danger NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 27 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 28 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 32 sensual sensual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 33 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 35 kāmānaṃ kāmānaṃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 36 ādīnava ādīnava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 335 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 2 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 5 graduated graduate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 6 discourse discourse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 9 contemplation contemplation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 11 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 14 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 16 giving giving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 18 morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 336 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 2 303 303 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 5 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 6 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 8 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 10 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 11 restraint restraint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 12 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 18 restraint restraint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 20 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 23 moderation moderation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 25 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 29 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 30 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 31 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 33 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 34 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 35 noon noon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 337 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 1 Devout devout JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 2 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 4 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 6 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 8 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 9 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 11 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 12 observance observance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 14 uposatha uposatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 338 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 2 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 4 Observing observe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 6 Uposatha Uposatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 8 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 10 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 11 dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 13 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 15 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 17 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 18 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 339 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 2 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 3 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 5 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 9 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 12 optional optional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 13 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 14 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 15 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 16 dhutaṅga dhutaṅga RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 340 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 2 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 3 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 4 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 7 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 8 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 10 focus focus VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 12 fasting fasting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 14 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 341 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 1 Mindfulness mindfulness JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 3 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 4 comprehension comprehension NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 6 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 9 faculty faculty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 10 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 12 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 15 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 17 sati sati NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 19 Sanskrit sanskrit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 21 smṛti smṛti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 23 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 24 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 26 recollection recollection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 28 remembering remember VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 32 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 34 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 342 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 3 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 5 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 8 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 9 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 12 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 13 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 15 enhances enhance VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 17 strengthens strengthen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 18 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 343 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 2 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 5 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 7 philosopher philosopher NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 8 Asanga Asanga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 9 defined define VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 10 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 11 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 14 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 16 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 18 forgetting forget VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 21 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 23 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 26 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 27 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 344 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 345 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 345 2 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 345 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 345 4 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 345 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 345 6 distraction distraction JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 345 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 3 306 306 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 7 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 8 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 10 sati sati NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 15 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 17 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 19 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 21 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 24 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 26 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 29 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 30 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 346 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 3 307 307 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 5 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 8 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 10 exercises exercise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 12 training train VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 13 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 16 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 17 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 22 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 23 Satipaṭṭhānas Satipaṭṭhānas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 25 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 27 smṛtyupasthāna smṛtyupasthāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 30 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 32 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 36 Ānāpānasati Ānāpānasati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 38 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 40 ānāpānasmṛti ānāpānasmṛti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 43 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 45 breathing breathing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 347 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 2 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 3 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 4 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 5 faculty faculty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 10 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 11 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 13 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 15 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 18 sampajañña sampajañña NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 21 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 22 comprehension comprehension NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 348 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 2 faculty faculty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 5 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 7 comprehend comprehend VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 8 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 9 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 11 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 14 happening happen VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 17 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 20 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 24 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 26 unwholesome unwholesome JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 27 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 29 wholesome wholesome JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 30 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 349 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 2 308 308 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 4 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 6 Samādhi Samādhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 8 Dhyāna Dhyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 9 Kōdō Kōdō NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 10 Sawaki Sawaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 11 practicing practice VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 12 Zazen Zazen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 15 sitting sit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 16 dhyana dhyana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 19 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 20 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 22 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 23 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 25 Samadhi Samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 27 Samatha Samatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 30 Rupajhana Rupajhana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 31 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 32 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 33 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 35 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 36 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 37 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 38 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 41 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 42 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 44 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 45 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 46 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 48 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 49 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 52 attainment attainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 54 samādhi samādhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 57 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 59 dhyāna dhyāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 61 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 62 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 63 jhāna jhāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 350 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 1 Samādhi Samādhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 4 calm calm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 6 undistracted undistracte VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 8 unified unify VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 10 concentrated concentrated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 13 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 351 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 3 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 5 Asanga Asanga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 10 pointedness pointedness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 12 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 15 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 18 investigated investigate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 352 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 2 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 3 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 5 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 7 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 9 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 11 jñāna jñāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 353 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 3 306 306 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 5 Dhyāna Dhyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 10 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 11 equanimity equanimity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 13 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 15 upekkhā upekkhā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 17 sati sati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 19 parisuddhi parisuddhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 23 reached reach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 24 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 25 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 26 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 27 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 354 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 2 309 309 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 5 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 7 dhyāna dhyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 8 aids aids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 10 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 12 calm calm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 13 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 16 avoiding avoid VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 17 disturbance disturbance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 20 calm calm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 21 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 23 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 25 disturbing disturbing JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 26 thoughts thought NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 28 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 355 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 2 310][note 310][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 3 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 5 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 7 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 8 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 10 yogis yogi NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 13 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 14 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 16 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 17 Karel Karel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 18 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 21 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 24 Keśin Keśin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 25 hymn hymn NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 26 10.136 10.136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 29 Rigveda Rigveda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 356 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 2 311 311 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 5 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 6 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 7 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 9 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 12 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 13 preceding precede VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 15 Buddha,[312 Buddha,[312 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 18 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 19 methodologies methodology NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 20 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 23 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 24 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 29 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 30 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 31 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 32 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 33 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 34 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 35 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 37 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 38 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 357 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 2 313][314 313][314 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 5 methodologies methodology NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 6 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 7 incorporate incorporate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 8 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 9 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 10 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 12 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 13 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 14 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 17 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 18 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 19 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 358 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 2 315][note 315][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 5 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 8 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 9 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 12 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 14 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 17 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 19 dhyāna dhyāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 359 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 5 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 7 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 9 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 10 dhyānas dhyāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 13 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 14 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 360 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 2 319 319 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 5 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 6 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 10 learned learn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 11 dhyāna dhyāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 13 brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 14 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 361 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 2 320 320 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 4 Whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 6 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 10 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 11 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 14 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 15 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 17 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 19 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 22 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 23 dhyānas dhyāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 24 methodology,[321 methodology,[321 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 28 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 30 maintained maintain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 362 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 2 322][323 322][323 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 4 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 7 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 9 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 12 underlying underlying JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 13 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 15 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 16 guiding guide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 18 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 21 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 23 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 363 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 2 312][324][325 312][324][325 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 7 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 8 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 11 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 12 4.4.23 4.4.23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 15 Brihadaranyaka Brihadaranyaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 16 Upanishad Upanishad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 20 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 21 calm calm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 23 subdued subdued JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 25 quiet quiet JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 27 patiently patiently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 28 enduring enduring JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 30 concentrated concentrated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 32 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 33 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 34 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 36 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 39 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 40 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 42 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 43 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 364 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 2 326 326 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 6 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 8 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 10 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 12 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 14 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 17 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 18 criticises criticise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 19 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 21 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 22 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 24 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 28 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 29 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 31 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 33 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 35 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 365 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 2 327 327 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 4 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 5 rupa rupa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 7 jhāna jhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 8 Seated Seated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 11 Gal Gal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 12 Viharaya Viharaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 14 Polonnawura Polonnawura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 16 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 17 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 366 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 367 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 367 2 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 367 3 teach teach VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 367 4 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 367 5 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 367 6 schemas schema NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 367 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 5 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 7 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 10 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 11 rupa rupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 13 jhānas jhāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 15 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 16 meditations meditation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 19 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 21 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 27 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 29 progressively progressively RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 30 deepening deepen VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 31 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 368 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 2 328 328 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 6 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 10 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 13 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 14 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 16 stillness stillness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 18 lucidity lucidity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 369 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 3 329 329 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 5 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 7 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 10 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 11 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 13 trance trance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 15 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 16 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 17 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 18 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 370 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 2 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 12 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 14 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 15 jhāna jhāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 16 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 17 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 19 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 20 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 22 bodhi bodhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 23 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 25 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 26 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 28 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 29 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 31 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 34 Mahāsaccaka Mahāsaccaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 36 sutta sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 39 Mahāparinibbāṇa Mahāparinibbāṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 40 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 371 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 2 331][332 331][332 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 5 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 6 rupa rupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 8 jhānas jhāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 9 are:[328][333 are:[328][333 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 11 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 12 jhāna jhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 16 dhyana dhyana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 19 entered enter VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 20 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 21 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 23 secluded seclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 25 sensuality sensuality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 27 unskillful unskillful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 28 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 30 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 32 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 34 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 35 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 372 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 3 pīti pīti NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 6 rapture rapture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 10 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 12 sensual sensual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 13 sukha sukha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 16 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 21 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 23 seclusion seclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 26 vitarka vitarka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 28 vicara vicara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 30 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 32 examination examination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 34 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 373 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 1 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 2 jhāna jhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 6 pīti pīti NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 9 rapture rapture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 13 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 15 sensual sensual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 16 sukha sukha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 19 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 24 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 26 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 28 samadhi samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 30 ji ji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 33 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 35 samadhi samadhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 39 ekaggata ekaggata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 41 unification unification NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 43 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 45 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 47 vitarka vitarka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 49 vicara vicara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 52 discursive discursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 53 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 56 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 57 sampasadana sampasadana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 59 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 60 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 61 tranquility tranquility NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 62 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 374 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 1 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 2 jhāna jhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 4 pīti pīti NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 5 drops drop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 6 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 10 upekkhā upekkhā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 12 equanimous equanimous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 15 affective affective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 16 detachment detachment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 21 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 23 mindful mindful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 25 alert alert JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 28 senses sense VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 29 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 31 sukha sukha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 35 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 37 Fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 38 jhāna jhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 41 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 44 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 45 equanimity equanimity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 47 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 50 upekkhāsatipārisuddhi upekkhāsatipārisuddhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 53 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 54 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 55 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 56 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 57 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 59 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 60 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 61 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 375 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 4 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 5 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 7 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 8 opinions opinion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 10 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 12 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 13 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 16 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 17 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 21 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 24 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 25 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 26 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 27 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 29 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 30 opinions opinion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 32 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 34 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 376 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 2 328][334 328][334 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 5 formless formless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 6 attaiments attaiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 7 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 8 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 11 jhāna jhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 13 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 15 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 17 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 18 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 20 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 25 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 27 arupa arupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 28 samāpattis samāpattis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 30 formless formless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 31 attainments attainment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 377 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 4 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 7 commentarial commentarial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 8 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 10 immaterial immaterial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 12 formless formless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 13 jhānas jhāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 15 arūpajhānas arūpajhānas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 378 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 3 formless formless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 4 attainment attainment JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 7 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 9 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 11 infinite infinite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 12 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 14 ākāsānañcāyatana ākāsānañcāyatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 16 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 19 colour colour NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 21 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 379 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 4 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 6 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 8 infinite infinite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 9 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 11 viññāṇañcāyatana viññāṇañcāyatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 15 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 18 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 20 nothingness nothingness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 22 ākiñcaññāyatana ākiñcaññāyatana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 25 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 27 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 30 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 33 neither neither DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 34 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 35 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 36 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 37 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 38 perception perception JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 380 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 2 335 335 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 5 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 6 rupa rupa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 8 jhānas jhāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 11 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 12 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 14 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 16 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 17 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 18 rupa rupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 19 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 20 heavenly heavenly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 21 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 23 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 24 arupa arupa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 26 jhānas jhānas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 27 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 29 arupa arupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 30 heavens heavens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 381 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 2 336][337 336][337 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 4 Meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 6 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 7 Kamakura Kamakura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 8 Daibutsu Daibutsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 10 Kōtoku Kōtoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 12 in in NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 14 Kamakura Kamakura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 16 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 382 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 4 Meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 6 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 8 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 9 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 11 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 12 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 16 outlines outline VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 17 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 18 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 19 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 22 mutually mutually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 23 supportive supportive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 25 samatha samatha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 27 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 29 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 31 śamatha śamatha VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 34 calm calm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 38 vipassanā vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 40 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 42 vipaśyanā vipaśyanā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 44 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 383 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 2 338 338 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 6 compares compare VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 8 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 9 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 13 swift swift JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 14 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 16 messengers messenger NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 19 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 20 help help VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 21 deliver deliver VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 23 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 25 nibbana nibbana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 27 SN SN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 28 35.245 35.245 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 384 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 2 339 339 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 5 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 7 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 8 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 9 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 11 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 13 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 14 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 17 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 18 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 19 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 385 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 2 340][341 340][341 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 4 Samatha Samatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 9 calming calm VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 10 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 14 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 16 stilling still VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 18 concentrating concentrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 20 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 386 21 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 387 1 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 387 2 samadhi samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 387 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 387 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 387 5 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 387 6 dhyānas dhyāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 387 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 3 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 4 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 6 vipassanā vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 7 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 9 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 13 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 15 penetrating penetrating NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 17 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 18 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 20 paññā paññā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 388 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 2 342 342 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 6 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 7 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 8 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 10 disagreements disagreement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 11 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 13 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 15 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 16 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 18 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 20 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 22 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 389 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 6 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 7 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 8 Ways Ways NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 10 Arahantship Arahantship NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 11 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 13 AN an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 14 4.170 4.170 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 19 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 21 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 22 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 23 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 24 calm calm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 26 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 27 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 30 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 32 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 33 calm calm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 36 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 37 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 39 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 40 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 390 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 2 343 343 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 4 Meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 7 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 9 Abhidharmakośakārikā Abhidharmakośakārikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 11 vipaśyanā vipaśyanā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 13 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 16 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 17 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 18 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 20 reached reach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 21 samadhi samadhi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 23 cultivating cultivate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 25 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 26 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 28 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 30 smṛtyupasthānas smṛtyupasthānas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 391 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 2 344 344 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 4 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 6 comments comment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 8 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 9 Vallee Vallee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 10 Poussin Poussin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 13 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 15 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 17 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 19 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 20 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 21 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 22 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 23 reflect reflect VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 25 tension tension NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 27 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 28 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 29 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 30 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 31 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 32 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 34 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 36 dhyāna dhyāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 38 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 40 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 41 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 42 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 43 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 44 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 47 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 48 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 49 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 50 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 51 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 52 dhyāna dhyāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 392 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 2 345][346 345][346 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 7 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 10 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 12 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 13 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 15 disagreed disagree VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 19 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 20 paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 22 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 24 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 25 seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 26 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 28 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 29 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 31 complementary complementary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 393 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 2 346][347 346][347 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 5 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 7 vihara vihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 8 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 12 Wat Wat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 13 Phra Phra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 14 Si Si NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 15 Rattana Rattana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 16 Mahathat Mahathat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 18 Phitsanulok Phitsanulok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 20 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 21 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 22 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 24 Brahmavihara Brahmavihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 26 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 27 immeasurables immeasurable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 29 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 30 abodes abode NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 33 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 34 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 36 viharas viharas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 38 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 39 virtues virtue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 41 directions direction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 43 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 45 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 46 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 48 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 49 helps help VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 51 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 52 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 53 reborn reborn VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 56 heavenly heavenly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 58 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 60 realm realm VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 394 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 2 348][349][350 348][349][350 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 6 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 7 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 11 characteristic characteristic NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 14 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 15 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 18 heavenly heavenly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 19 abode abode NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 21 resides reside VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 395 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 2 351 351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 5 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 6 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 8 vihara vihara NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 11 Loving loving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 13 kindness kindness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 15 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 17 mettā mettā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 19 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 21 maitrī maitrī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 24 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 25 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 26 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 27 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 28 all;[349][352 all;[349][352 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 30 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 32 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 34 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 35 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 36 karuṇā karuṇā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 38 results result VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 40 metta metta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 42 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 44 identifying identify VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 46 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 48 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 50 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 51 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 52 own;[349][352 own;[349][352 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 54 Empathetic empathetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 55 joy joy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 57 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 59 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 60 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 61 muditā muditā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 63 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 64 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 66 feeling feeling NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 68 joy joy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 69 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 70 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 71 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 72 happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 74 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 75 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 76 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 77 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 78 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 79 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 80 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 81 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 82 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 83 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 84 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 85 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 86 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 87 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 88 sympathetic sympathetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 89 joy;[352 joy;[352 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 90 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 91 Equanimity equanimity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 92 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 93 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 94 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 95 upekkhā upekkhā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 96 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 97 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 98 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 99 upekṣā upekṣā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 100 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 101 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 102 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 103 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 104 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 105 mindedness mindedness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 106 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 107 serenity serenity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 108 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 109 treating treat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 110 everyone everyone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 111 impartially impartially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 396 112 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 2 349][352 349][352 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 6 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 7 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 11 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 12 acknowledge acknowledge VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 15 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 16 Brahmavihara Brahmavihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 17 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 18 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 20 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 22 originate originate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 23 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 25 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 26 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 397 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 2 353][note 353][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 3 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 6 Brahmavihara Brahmavihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 8 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 10 Brahmaloka Brahmaloka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 13 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 16 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 18 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 21 above above JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 22 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 23 immeasurables immeasurable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 25 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 27 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 28 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 29 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 31 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 32 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 33 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 34 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 36 Sramanic sramanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 37 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 398 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 2 355][356 355][356 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 4 Aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 7 Brahmavihara Brahmavihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 8 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 10 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 13 heavenly heavenly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 14 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 18 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 19 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 21 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 22 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 23 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 399 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 2 357][358 357][358 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 6 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 9 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 10 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 13 brahma brahma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 15 vihāra vihāra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 16 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 17 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 20 awakened awakened JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 21 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 23 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 27 concrete concrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 28 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 29 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 31 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 34 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 37 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 39 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 41 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 43 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 400 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 2 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 3 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 4 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 5 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 6 descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 7 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 8 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 10 linking link VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 11 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 13 cosmology cosmology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 15 understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 16 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 19 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 21 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 24 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 27 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 401 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 2 359 359 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 6 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 11 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 13 kindness kindness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 15 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 16 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 17 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 19 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 20 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 21 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 24 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 26 salvation salvation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 402 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 3 360 360 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 5 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 7 visualization visualization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 10 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 11 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 12 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 15 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 16 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 17 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 19 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 20 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 22 Tantra_techniques Tantra_techniques NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 23 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 24 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 26 Mongolian mongolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 27 miniature miniature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 29 depicts depict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 31 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 34 Vairocana Vairocana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 35 Mandala Mandala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 36 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 37 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 40 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 41 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 42 mural mural NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 43 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 45 Lukhang Lukhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 46 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 47 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 48 tummo tummo NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 51 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 52 channels channel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 54 nadis nadis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 57 phowa phowa VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 58 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 59 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 60 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 62 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 63 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 64 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 65 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 66 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 67 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 69 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 70 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 71 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 72 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 74 Secret Secret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 75 Mantra Mantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 76 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 77 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 78 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 80 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 82 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 83 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 84 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 85 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 86 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 403 87 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 4 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 6 mentally mentally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 7 visualizing visualize VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 10 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 15 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 16 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 18 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 20 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 23 mandala mandala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 26 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 28 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 404 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 4 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 5 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 6 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 8 cultivate cultivate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 9 calm calm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 11 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 405 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 4 visualize visualize VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 6 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 7 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 10 imagined imagine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 11 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 406 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 2 361][362 361][362 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 5 visualization visualization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 6 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 9 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 10 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 12 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 17 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 19 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 21 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 22 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 407 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 2 363 363 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 5 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 8 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 9 tantric tantric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 10 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 12 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 13 visualization visualization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 17 mantra mantra JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 18 recitation recitation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 20 mandalas mandala NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 24 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 27 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 30 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 31 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 32 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 34 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 35 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 36 tantric tantric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 37 meditations meditation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 39 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 40 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 41 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 44 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 45 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 46 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 47 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 408 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 2 364 364 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 5 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 7 Unsurpassable Unsurpassable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 8 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 9 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 12 anuttarayogatantra anuttarayogatantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 16 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 17 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 20 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 22 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 23 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 409 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 1 Anuttarayoga anuttarayoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 4 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 7 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 10 Generation Generation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 11 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 14 Completion Completion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 15 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 410 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 3 Generation Generation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 4 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 7 meditates meditate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 9 emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 11 visualizes visualize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 12 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 15 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 19 visualizing visualize VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 21 mandala mandala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 411 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 2 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 5 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 6 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 7 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 9 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 10 pride pride NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 13 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 15 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 18 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 412 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 2 365 365 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 5 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 10 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 11 yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 13 devata devata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 14 yoga yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 413 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 3 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 4 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 5 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 7 yidam yidam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 9 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 11 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 14 mandala mandala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 17 circular circular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 18 symbolic symbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 19 map map NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 22 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 414 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 2 366 366 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 6 Completion Completion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 7 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 10 meditates meditate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 12 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 13 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 14 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 17 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 21 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 415 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 1 Completion Completion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 2 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 3 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 5 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 6 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 9 tummo tummo NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 11 phowa phowa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 416 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 3 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 5 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 7 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 8 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 9 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 11 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 13 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 14 channels channel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 16 nadi nadi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 19 vital vital JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 20 essences essence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 22 bindu bindu NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 26 vital vital JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 27 winds wind NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 30 vayu vayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 34 chakras chakra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 417 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 2 367 367 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 5 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 6 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 7 energies energy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 9 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 11 influencing influence VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 12 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 14 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 15 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 19 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 22 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 24 generate generate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 26 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 27 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 28 bliss bliss NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 29 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 31 maha maha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 33 sukha sukha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 37 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 39 attain attain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 41 luminous luminous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 42 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 45 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 47 realization realization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 50 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 52 illusory illusory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 53 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 55 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 56 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 58 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 60 illusory illusory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 61 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 62 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 65 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 66 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 67 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 68 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 418 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 2 368][369 368][369 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 4 Completion completion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 5 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 8 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 11 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 16 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 17 dharmas dharma NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 19 Naropa Naropa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 23 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 24 yogas yogas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 26 Kalachakra Kalachakra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 419 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 2 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 8 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 10 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 13 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 16 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 17 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 20 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 21 tantric tantric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 22 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 24 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 25 Mahamudra Mahamudra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 27 Dzogchen Dzogchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 29 Atiyoga Atiyoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 420 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 1 Practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 3 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 5 laity laity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 6 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 8 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 9 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 11 whenever whenever WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 15 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 18 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 19 ordained ordain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 22 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 23 committed committed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 24 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 25 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 27 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 28 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 29 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 421 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 2 370 370 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 4 Loud Loud NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 5 devotional devotional NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 6 chanting chanting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 9 adds add VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 10 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 15 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 16 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 17 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 18 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 20 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 22 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 24 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 26 produces produce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 28 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 30 joy joy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 32 lovingkindness lovingkindness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 34 calm calm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 37 purifies purifie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 38 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 40 benefits benefit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 42 chanter chanter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 422 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 2 371 371 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 4 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 8 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 10 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 13 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 14 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 16 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 17 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 18 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 21 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 22 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 23 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 25 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 26 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 28 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 29 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 30 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 31 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 33 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 423 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 2 372][373][374 372][373][374 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 5 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 6 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 8 sustained sustained JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 9 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 12 pursued pursue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 15 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 17 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 19 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 20 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 424 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 2 375 375 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 4 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 5 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 7 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 9 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 12 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 13 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 14 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 15 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 16 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 18 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 20 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 22 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 23 mores more NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 25 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 26 liberally liberally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 28 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 32 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 34 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 35 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 37 spirituality spirituality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 425 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 2 375 375 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 4 Insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 6 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 7 Monks Monks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 8 debating debate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 10 Sera Sera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 11 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 13 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 14 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 15 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 17 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 19 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 21 Kenshō Kenshō NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 23 Satori Satori NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 25 Subitism Subitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 28 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 29 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 31 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 34 paññā paññā JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 36 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 39 wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 42 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 45 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 46 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 48 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 426 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 3 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 5 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 7 prajñā prajñā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 9 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 11 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 15 vipassanā vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 17 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 20 vipaśyanā vipaśyanā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 22 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 27 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 28 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 31 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 427 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 3 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 6 faculty faculty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 8 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 10 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 11 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 14 cultivated cultivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 17 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 18 establishments establishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 20 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 428 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 2 376 376 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 9 Paññā Paññā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 11 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 17 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 18 faculties faculty NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 21 indriya indriya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 25 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 26 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 28 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 29 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 30 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 33 cultivated cultivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 35 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 37 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 39 AN an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 40 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 41 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 429 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 1 Paññā Paññā VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 2 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 4 samadhi samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 8 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 14 trainings training NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 17 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 18 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 20 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 23 adhicittasikkha adhicittasikkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 430 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 2 376 376 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 6 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 7 regards regard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 8 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 10 avidyā avidyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 14 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 15 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 17 misunderstanding misunderstanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 19 mis mis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 21 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 24 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 26 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 29 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 32 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 33 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 35 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 37 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 431 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 1 Overcoming overcome VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 3 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 5 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 8 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 10 awakening awaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 432 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 2 overcoming overcoming NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 3 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 5 contemplation contemplation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 7 impermanence impermanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 10 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 12 self self JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 13 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 15 reality,[377][378 reality,[377][378 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 19 develops develop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 20 dispassion dispassion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 23 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 25 clinging cling VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 28 liberates liberate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 30 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 32 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 34 saṃsāra saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 433 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 2 379][380][381 379][380][381 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 4 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 6 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 9 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 10 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 434 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 3 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 4 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 6 wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 7 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 9 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 13 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 14 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 16 dharmas dharmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 18 phenomena phenomena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 22 functioning functioning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 24 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 26 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 29 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 31 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 32 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 435 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 2 382 382 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 6 vipaśyanā vipaśyanā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 8 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 11 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 12 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 18 Paṭisambhidāmagga Paṭisambhidāmagga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 20 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 23 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 27 contemplation contemplation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 29 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 31 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 33 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 37 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 436 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 2 383 383 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 8 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 10 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 12 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 15 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 17 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 18 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 20 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 23 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 24 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 26 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 29 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 31 inconsistencies inconsistency NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 34 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 35 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 36 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 38 samadhi samadhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 40 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 437 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 2 384][385][note 384][385][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 3 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 5 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 7 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 10 Collett Collett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 11 Cox Cox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 13 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 14 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 16 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 18 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 21 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 22 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 25 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 26 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 27 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 29 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 32 cooperates cooperate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 34 samadhi samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 36 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 38 obstacles obstacle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 40 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 42 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 45 āsavas āsavas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 438 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 2 387][388 387][388 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 5 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 9 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 11 vipassanā vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 12 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 15 continuously continuously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 17 thoroughly thoroughly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 18 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 19 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 20 phenomena phenomena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 22 dhammas dhammas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 25 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 27 annica annica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 32 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 34 anatta anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 37 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 439 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 2 389][390 389][390 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 6 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 8 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 11 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 14 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 16 vipassanā vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 19 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 22 Satipatthana Satipatthana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 23 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 440 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 2 391 391 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 7 disagreement disagreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 9 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 10 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 11 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 12 samatha samatha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 14 vipassanā vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 441 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 4 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 5 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 6 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 7 emphasize emphasize VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 9 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 11 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 12 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 13 samatha samatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 17 Theravadins Theravadins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 18 disagree disagree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 442 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 2 391 391 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 9 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 11 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 13 vipaśyanā vipaśyanā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 16 tranquility tranquility NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 18 śamatha śamatha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 22 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 24 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 443 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 3 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 4 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 10 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 11 repertoire repertoire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 13 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 14 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 16 cultivate cultivate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 18 qualities quality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 444 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 3 visualization visualization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 5 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 6 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 8 recitation recitation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 13 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 16 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 18 tantric tantric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 19 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 20 mantras mantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 22 dharanis dharanis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 445 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 2 392][393 392][393 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 4 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 9 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 10 gaining gain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 12 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 13 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 15 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 16 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 17 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 18 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 23 emptiness emptiness JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 24 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 27 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 29 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 30 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 446 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 4 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 6 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 10 Kamalaśīla Kamalaśīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 12 Bhāvanākrama Bhāvanākrama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 15 Stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 17 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 20 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 25 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 26 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 28 vipaśyanā vipaśyanā NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 32 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 34 Madhyamaka Madhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 35 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 447 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 2 394 394 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 4 Devotion Devotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 8 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 9 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 10 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 12 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 13 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 14 prostration prostration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 15 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 17 Jokhang Jokhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 19 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 448 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 6 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 10 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 11 saddhā saddhā VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 13 Skt Skt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 14 śraddhā śraddhā RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 17 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 18 trustful trustful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 19 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 20 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 22 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 23 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 24 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 28 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 30 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 32 balanced balance VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 34 wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 39 preparation preparation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 43 accompaniment accompaniment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 46 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 449 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 3 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 5 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 8 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 10 Skt Skt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 450 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 1 bhakti bhakti VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 3 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 5 bhatti bhatti NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 10 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 13 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 16 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 451 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 2 396 396 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 4 Devotional devotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 5 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 7 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 8 prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 10 prostration prostration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 12 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 14 pilgrimage pilgrimage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 17 chanting chant VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 452 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 2 397 397 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 5 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 7 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 8 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 11 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 13 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 15 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 18 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 20 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 22 spiritually spiritually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 23 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 453 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 1 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 3 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 5 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 7 paintings painting NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 9 statues statue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 11 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 13 bodhisattvas bodhisattva NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 15 stupas stupa NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 18 bodhi bodhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 19 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 454 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 2 398 398 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 4 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 5 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 6 chanting chant VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 8 devotional devotional NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 10 ceremonial ceremonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 15 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 16 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 18 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 19 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 21 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 23 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 24 chanting chanting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 25 aided aid VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 28 memorization memorization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 31 orally orally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 32 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 33 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 455 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 2 399 399 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 4 Rosaries rosary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 5 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 6 malas mala NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 12 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 14 count count VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 15 repeated repeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 16 chanting chanting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 18 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 19 formulas formula NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 21 mantras mantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 456 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 1 Chanting chant VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 3 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 5 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 7 devotional devotional NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 8 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 9 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 11 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 13 tranquility tranquility NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 15 communicates communicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 17 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 18 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 457 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 2 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 5 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 6 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 7 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 8 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 11 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 14 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 15 Amitabha Amitabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 18 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 19 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 458 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 2 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 5 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 8 Lotus Lotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 9 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 12 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 13 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 459 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 1 Devotional devotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 2 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 5 pujas pujas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 9 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 10 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 12 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 15 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 16 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 19 prayers prayer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 21 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 23 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 25 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 26 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 28 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 460 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 2 401 401 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 6 Karel Karel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 7 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 10 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 12 devotional devotional NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 13 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 17 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 18 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 20 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 24 deep deep JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 25 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 27 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 29 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 30 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 31 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 34 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 35 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 461 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 2 402][403 402][403 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 4 Guru Guru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 5 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 8 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 9 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 11 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 13 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 462 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 2 404][405 404][405 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 5 guru guru NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 7 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 8 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 13 devotee devotee NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 16 guru guru NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 20 enlightened enlighten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 21 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 23 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 24 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 27 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 28 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 29 pursuits pursuit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 463 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 2 404][406 404][406 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 5 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 6 seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 7 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 10 guru guru NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 13 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 16 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 19 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 21 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 23 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 26 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 27 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 28 Sadhanamala Sadhanamala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 464 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 2 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 5 veneration veneration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 8 obedience obedience NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 10 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 13 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 15 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 17 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 465 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 2 407 407 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 4 Vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 6 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 7 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 12 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 13 Vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 14 meal meal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 17 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 466 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 1 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 2 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 4 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 6 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 7 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 467 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 1 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 4 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 5 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 7 ahimsa ahimsa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 9 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 11 harming harming JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 17 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 18 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 19 condemn condemn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 21 harming harming NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 24 sentient sentient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 25 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 27 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 29 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 468 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 2 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 3 condemned condemn VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 5 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 6 sacrifice sacrifice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 9 brahmins brahmin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 10 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 11 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 12 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 15 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 16 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 18 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 469 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 2 408 408 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 5 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 8 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 11 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 14 Asoka Asoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 15 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 17 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 18 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 23 establishing establishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 25 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 26 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 27 slaughter slaughter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 28 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 29 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 32 banning banning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 34 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 36 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 37 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 470 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 2 409 409 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 9 depict depict VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 13 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 14 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 16 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 17 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 471 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 2 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 5 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 6 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 7 begged beg VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 10 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 12 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 14 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 16 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 17 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 18 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 20 offered offer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 22 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 472 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 2 410 410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 6 tempered temper VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 11 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 16 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 17 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 18 clean clean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 21 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 27 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 31 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 34 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 35 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 36 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 38 suspect suspect VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 41 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 42 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 43 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 44 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 45 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 46 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 48 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 49 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 50 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 51 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 53 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 473 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 2 411 411 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 4 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 9 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 11 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 12 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 13 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 16 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 19 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 20 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 22 gaining gain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 23 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 25 livelihood livelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 28 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 29 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 31 unethical unethical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 474 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 2 412 412 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 7 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 11 promotion promotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 14 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 15 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 19 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 20 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 22 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 23 killing killing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 25 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 27 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 475 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 2 413 413 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 8 famed famed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 9 schism schism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 11 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 15 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 16 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 17 Devadatta Devadatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 18 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 20 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 21 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 22 compulsory compulsory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 25 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 26 disagreed disagree VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 476 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 2 411 411 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 5 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 9 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 10 Mahayana mahayana JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 11 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 14 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 16 Mahaparinirvana Mahaparinirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 17 sutra sutra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 19 Surangama Surangama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 20 sutra sutra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 23 Lankavatara Lankavatara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 24 sutra sutra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 28 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 29 promoted promote VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 30 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 31 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 33 compassion compassion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 477 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 2 414 414 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 4 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 5 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 6 thinkers thinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 8 Shantideva Shantideva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 9 promoted promote VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 11 avoidance avoidance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 13 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 478 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 2 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 4 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 5 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 8 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 10 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 11 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 12 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 14 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 16 remained remain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 18 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 19 debated debate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 20 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 22 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 25 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 27 opinions opinion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 30 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 31 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 32 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 33 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 479 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 3 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 4 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 7 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 8 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 10 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 13 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 17 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 19 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 21 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 22 virtuous virtuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 26 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 27 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 29 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 30 devout devout JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 31 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 480 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 2 Theravadins theravadin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 4 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 5 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 7 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 9 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 11 practice practice VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 12 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 14 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 15 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 17 offered offer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 20 lay lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 21 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 25 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 26 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 28 vegetarians vegetarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 481 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 4 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 7 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 8 choose choose VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 11 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 14 abbots abbot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 15 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 16 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 17 Sumedho Sumedho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 18 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 19 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 21 lay lay NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 22 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 24 donate donate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 25 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 26 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 29 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 482 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 2 416 416 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 4 Mahasi Mahasi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 5 Sayadaw Sayadaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 6 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 9 recommended recommend VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 10 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 13 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 14 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 16 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 17 sure sure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 18 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 20 meal meal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 22 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 24 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 25 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 483 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 2 417 417 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 4 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 8 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 9 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 10 Santi Santi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 11 Asoke Asoke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 13 promotes promote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 14 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 484 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 8 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 11 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 14 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 15 admired admired JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 18 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 19 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 485 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 3 417 417 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 5 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 8 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 9 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 10 killing killing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 18 butchers butcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 20 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 21 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 22 work work VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 25 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 26 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 28 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 29 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 30 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 486 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 2 418 418 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 7 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 8 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 10 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 11 tended tend VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 15 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 17 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 23 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 24 debates debate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 26 pro pro JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 27 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 28 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 29 arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 31 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 32 pro pro JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 33 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 34 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 35 Tibetans Tibetans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 487 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 2 419 419 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 5 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 6 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 12 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 14 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 15 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 16 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 18 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 20 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 21 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 22 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 23 Shabkar Shabkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 26 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 27 Karmapa Karmapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 28 Ogyen Ogyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 29 Trinley Trinley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 30 Dorje Dorje NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 32 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 34 mandated mandate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 35 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 37 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 38 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 39 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 488 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 2 420 420 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 7 depiction depiction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 10 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 11 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 13 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 15 Rajgir Rajgir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 489 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 1 Communal communal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 2 recitation recitation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 7 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 8 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 10 transmitting transmit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 12 preserving preserve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 13 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 14 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 15 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 490 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 8 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 10 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 11 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 14 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 16 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 17 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 19 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 20 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 491 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 2 421 421 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 10 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 11 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 13 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 17 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 18 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 20 orally orally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 21 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 23 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 24 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 27 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 492 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 3 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 4 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 6 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 8 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 9 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 11 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 13 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 14 Prakrits Prakrits NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 18 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 22 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 24 communal communal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 25 recitation recitation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 28 mnemonic mnemonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 29 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 493 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 2 422 422 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 7 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 10 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 11 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 12 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 14 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 15 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 17 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 18 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 19 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 22 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 23 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 494 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 2 421 421 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 10 Tripitakas Tripitakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 14 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 15 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 16 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 17 claiming claim VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 21 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 24 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 495 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 1 Scholarly Scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 2 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 3 commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 4 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 7 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 8 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 10 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 12 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 14 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 16 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 18 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 496 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 2 421 421 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 7 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 9 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 11 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 13 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 14 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 15 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 18 palm palm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 20 leaf leaf NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 21 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 23 birch birch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 24 bark bark NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 26 painted paint VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 27 scrolls scroll NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 29 carved carve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 30 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 31 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 32 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 35 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 37 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 497 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 2 421 421 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 4 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 5 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 7 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 10 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 13 Quran Quran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 16 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 19 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 21 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 22 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 23 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 24 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 26 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 28 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 29 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 30 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 32 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 33 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 34 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 37 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 38 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 40 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 43 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 44 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 46 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 498 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 2 421 421 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 5 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 6 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 8 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 12 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 13 corpus corpus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 15 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 499 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 2 423][424][425 423][424][425 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 5 corpus corpus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 6 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 8 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 9 Sutras Sutras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 10 organised organise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 12 Nikayas Nikayas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 14 Agamas Agamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 16 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 18 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 21 basket basket NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 23 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 24 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 26 Tripitakas Tripitakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 500 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 2 426 426 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 4 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 6 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 9 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 10 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 12 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 14 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 18 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 20 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 21 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 23 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 24 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 25 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 27 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 501 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 2 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 4 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 9 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 10 2184 2184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 11 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 13 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 14 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 16 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 18 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 19 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 20 comprises comprise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 21 1108 1108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 22 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 25 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 26 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 28 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 29 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 30 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 33 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 35 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 37 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 38 3461 3461 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 39 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 40 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 42 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 43 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 44 revered revere VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 47 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 48 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 502 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 2 427 427 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 6 textual textual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 7 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 9 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 12 40,000 40,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 13 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 16 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 20 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 21 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 22 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 26 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 28 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 31 Dunhuang Dunhuang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 32 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 33 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 34 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 503 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 2 427 427 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 7 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 8 birchbark birchbark JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 9 scroll scroll NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 10 fragments fragment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 12 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 13 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 14 century century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 17 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 18 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 19 Collection Collection NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 20 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 21 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 23 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 24 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 25 Texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 26 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 27 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 28 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 29 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 30 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 33 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 36 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 38 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 39 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 41 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 43 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 44 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 45 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 504 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 3 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 4 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 5 Nikayas Nikayas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 9 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 10 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 11 Āgamas Āgamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 13 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 14 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 17 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 19 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 20 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 505 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 2 428][429][430 428][429][430 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 4 Apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 11 fragmentary fragmentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 12 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 14 EBT EBT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 15 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 18 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 21 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 23 Khotanese Khotanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 25 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 27 Gāndhārī Gāndhārī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 506 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 8 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 10 comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 11 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 12 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 14 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 17 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 19 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 20 parallel parallel JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 21 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 23 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 24 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 25 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 507 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 2 431 431 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 5 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 11 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 12 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 14 reflect reflect VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 15 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 16 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 20 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 21 repetition repetition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 508 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 509 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 509 2 432 432 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 509 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 509 4 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 509 5 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 509 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 509 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 510 1 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 510 2 Piṭaka Piṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 510 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 510 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 511 1 Suttavibhaṅga Suttavibhaṅga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 511 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 511 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 512 1 Khandhaka Khandhaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 512 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 512 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 513 1 Parivāra Parivāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 513 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 513 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 514 1 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 514 2 Piṭaka Piṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 514 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 514 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 515 1 Dīgha Dīgha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 515 2 Nikāya Nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 515 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 515 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 516 1 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 516 2 Nikāya Nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 516 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 516 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 517 1 Saṃyutta Saṃyutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 517 2 Nikāya Nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 517 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 517 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 518 1 Aṅguttara Aṅguttara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 518 2 Nikāya Nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 518 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 518 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 519 1 Khuddaka Khuddaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 519 2 Nikāya Nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 519 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 519 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 520 1 Abhidhamma Abhidhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 520 2 Piṭaka Piṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 520 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 520 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 521 1 Dhammasaṅgaṇī Dhammasaṅgaṇī NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 521 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 521 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 522 1 Vibhaṅga Vibhaṅga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 522 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 522 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 523 1 Dhātukathā Dhātukathā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 523 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 523 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 524 1 Puggalapaññatti Puggalapaññatti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 524 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 524 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 525 1 Kathāvatthu Kathāvatthu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 525 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 525 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 526 1 Yamaka yamaka NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 526 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 526 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 1 Paṭṭhāna Paṭṭhāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 2 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 3 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 4 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 5 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 6 Tripitakas Tripitakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 7 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 10 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 11 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 13 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 16 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 17 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 18 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 19 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 21 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 22 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 23 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 25 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 27 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 28 textual textual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 29 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 32 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 33 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 34 Tripiṭakas tripiṭakas XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 36 Triple Triple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 37 Baskets Baskets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 527 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 2 433 433 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 6 Tripiṭakas Tripiṭakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 8 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 10 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 11 Tipitaka Tipitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 14 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 16 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 17 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 19 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 20 Pitaka Pitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 22 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 24 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 25 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 28 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 29 Pitaka Pitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 31 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 32 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 35 Abhidhamma Abhidhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 36 Pitaka Pitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 39 contain contain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 40 expositions exposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 42 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 43 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 45 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 528 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 2 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 3 Tipitaka Tipitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 9 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 10 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 14 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 15 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 16 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 18 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 19 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 20 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 22 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 23 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 26 Indic indic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 27 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 30 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 31 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 32 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 529 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 2 434 434 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 7 Sutras Sutras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 9 Vinayas Vinayas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 11 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 12 works work VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 15 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 16 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 18 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 19 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 22 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 25 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 26 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 27 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 530 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 4 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 8 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 14 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 15 pitakas pitakas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 531 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 2 435 435 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 4 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 7 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 10 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 11 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 14 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 16 Theravadin Theravadin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 21 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 23 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 25 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 27 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 28 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 29 preserved preserve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 32 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 34 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 35 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 36 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 37 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 39 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 532 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 7 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 8 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 10 odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 12 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 13 Theravadin Theravadin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 14 orthodoxy orthodoxy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 533 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 2 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 6 Theravadins Theravadins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 8 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 12 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 16 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 19 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 23 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 25 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 28 tampered tamper VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 30 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 31 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 32 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 36 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 37 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 534 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 3 436 436 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 5 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 8 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 10 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 11 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 14 Tripitaka Tripitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 15 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 18 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 21 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 22 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 23 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 26 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 29 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 30 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 31 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 33 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 535 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 3 Collett Collett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 4 Cox Cox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 7 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 8 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 10 explanations explanation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 12 elaborations elaboration NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 15 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 18 suttas sutta NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 20 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 21 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 22 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 25 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 26 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 28 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 29 exposition exposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 536 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 2 437 437 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 4 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 8 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 9 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 10 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 11 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 12 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 13 disagreements disagreement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 15 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 18 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 20 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 24 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 27 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 28 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 29 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 31 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 32 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 537 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 6 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 7 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 9 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 10 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 14 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 15 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 17 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 20 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 22 Sarvāstivāda Sarvāstivāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 23 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 538 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 2 438 438 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 5 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 6 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 8 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 9 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 12 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 13 Abhidhamma Abhidhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 14 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 18 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 539 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 5 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 6 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 11 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 13 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 14 accumulating accumulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 16 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 17 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 19 scriptural scriptural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 20 commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 23 respective respective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 24 Tripitakas tripitakas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 540 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 2 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 4 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 5 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 8 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 9 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 13 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 14 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 16 Aṭṭhakathā Aṭṭhakathā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 18 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 19 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 20 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 541 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 2 Abhidhamma Abhidhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 5 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 6 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 7 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 9 Visuddhimagga Visuddhimagga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 12 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 13 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 16 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 19 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 20 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 21 Buddhaghosa Buddhaghosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 24 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 25 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 27 compiled compile VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 28 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 31 Aṭṭhakathās Aṭṭhakathās NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 33 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 34 Sinhalese sinhalese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 35 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 542 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 2 439][440 439][440 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 5 Sarvāstivāda Sarvāstivāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 11 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 12 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 13 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 14 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 16 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 17 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 543 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 2 441 441 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 5 magnum magnum JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 6 opus opus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 9 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 12 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 13 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 14 commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 15 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 17 Mahāvibhaṣa Mahāvibhaṣa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 19 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 20 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 21 Commentary Commentary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 22 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 25 compiled compile VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 28 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 29 synod synod NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 31 Kashmir Kashmir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 32 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 34 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 36 Kanishka Kanishka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 37 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 544 39 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 545 1 158–176 158–176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 545 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 545 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 2 442 442 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 5 Abhidharmakosha Abhidharmakosha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 7 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 9 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 10 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 11 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 12 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 13 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 16 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 17 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 20 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 23 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 25 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 26 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 27 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 30 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 32 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 33 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 546 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 2 443 443 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 9 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 10 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 12 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 13 Koreana Koreana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 15 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 16 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 19 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 22 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 23 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 24 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 25 carved carve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 27 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 28 in in RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 29 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 30 81,000 81,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 31 wood wood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 32 printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 33 blocks block VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 35 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 36 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 39 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 40 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 41 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 43 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 44 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 45 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 47 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 48 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 49 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 50 holds hold NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 51 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 52 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 53 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 56 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 547 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 2 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 4 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 7 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 10 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 12 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 13 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 14 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 16 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 18 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 20 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 22 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 548 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 2 444][445][446 444][445][446 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 11 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 12 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 13 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 16 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 17 Āgamas Āgamas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 19 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 20 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 24 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 26 Śrāvakayāna Śrāvakayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 30 Hinayana Hinayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 33 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 34 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 36 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 37 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 549 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 2 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 5 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 6 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 7 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 9 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 10 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 12 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 15 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 17 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 18 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 20 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 23 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 24 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 26 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 27 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 550 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 2 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 3 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 5 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 6 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 8 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 10 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 13 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 15 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 551 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 2 448][better 448][better CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 4 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 6 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 9 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 10 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 12 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 14 articulate articulate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 18 deeper deep JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 20 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 21 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 22 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 24 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 26 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 27 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 28 follow follow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 30 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 31 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 552 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 2 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 4 explained explain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 7 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 8 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 10 motivation motivation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 12 liberate liberate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 14 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 15 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 17 unhappiness unhappiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 553 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 1 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 3 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 6 lit lit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 7 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 11 Vehicle Vehicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 554 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 1 Besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 3 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 6 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 8 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 11 contain contain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 12 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 13 cosmologies cosmology NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 15 mythologies mythology NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 19 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 20 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 22 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 23 bodhisattvas bodhisattvas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 28 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 29 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 30 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 32 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 555 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 2 449 449 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 6 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 7 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 8 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 10 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 12 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 13 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 15 authoritative authoritative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 17 authentic authentic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 18 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 21 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 556 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 2 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 10 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 12 authoritative authoritative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 16 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 17 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 21 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 23 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 27 Mahāsāṃghika Mahāsāṃghika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 28 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 29 split split VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 30 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 31 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 34 disagreement disagreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 557 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 2 451 451 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 5 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 6 Geshe Geshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 7 Konchog Konchog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 8 Wangdu Wangdu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 9 reads read VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 10 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 11 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 14 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 15 woodblock woodblock NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 16 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 19 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 20 Kanjur Kanjur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 558 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 1 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 2 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 4 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 7 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 10 shed shed VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 11 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 14 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 16 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 559 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 5 Śālistamba Śālistamba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 6 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 8 survives survive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 10 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 12 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 13 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 560 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 2 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 3 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 4 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 5 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 8 remarkably remarkably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 9 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 11 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 12 suttas sutta NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 561 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 2 452][453 452][453 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 5 Śālistamba Śālistamba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 6 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 8 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 10 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 11 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 15 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 18 Yasomitra Yasomitra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 21 authoritative authoritative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 562 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 2 454 454 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 5 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 8 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 11 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 12 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 14 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 15 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 18 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 22 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 25 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 27 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 28 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 29 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 30 diverged diverge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 31 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 33 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 35 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 36 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 37 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 563 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 2 452 452 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 8 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 9 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 10 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 12 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 14 exegetical exegetical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 15 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 564 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 5 śāstra śāstra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 7 treatises treatise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 10 vrittis vrittis VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 12 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 565 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 4 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 7 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 9 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 12 karikās karikās NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 16 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 17 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 22 Mūlamadhyamika Mūlamadhyamika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 24 karikā karikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 26 Root Root NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 27 Verses Verses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 30 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 31 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 34 Nagarjuna Nagarjuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 37 foundational foundational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 38 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 41 Madhyamika Madhyamika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 42 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 566 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 1 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 2 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 6 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 10 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 12 Gupta Gupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 16 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 17 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 19 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 20 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 21 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 22 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 24 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 28 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 30 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 567 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 2 455 455 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 6 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 10 tantric tantric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 11 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 13 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 14 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 16 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 18 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 568 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 1 Besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 2 drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 7 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 10 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 12 borrowed borrow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 13 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 15 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 18 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 19 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 20 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 25 Śaiva Śaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 27 Pancharatra Pancharatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 28 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 30 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 31 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 32 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 33 goddess goddess NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 34 cults cult NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 37 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 38 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 39 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 41 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 43 yaksha yaksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 45 nāga nāga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 46 spirits spirit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 569 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 2 456][457 456][457 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 5 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 9 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 11 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 14 mantras mantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 16 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 19 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 20 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 22 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 24 fierce fierce JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 25 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 28 antinomian antinomian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 30 transgressive transgressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 31 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 32 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 34 ingesting ingest VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 35 alcohol alcohol NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 37 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 38 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 39 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 570 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 2 458][459][460 458][459][460 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 11 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 12 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 13 Mahākāśyapa Mahākāśyapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 14 meets meet VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 16 Ājīvika Ājīvika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 17 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 19 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 23 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 24 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 26 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 27 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 28 Historically Historically NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 31 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 33 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 34 lie lie NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 37 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 38 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 40 Iron Iron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 41 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 42 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 43 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 45 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 48 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 49 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 50 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 571 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 2 461 461 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 9 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 10 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 11 ferment ferment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 13 socio socio JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 15 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 16 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 17 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 21 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 22 urbanisation urbanisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 25 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 28 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 30 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 32 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 35 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 38 Upanishads Upanishads NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 41 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 42 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 45 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 46 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 572 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 2 462][463][note 462][463][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 3 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 5 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 6 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 7 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 8 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 11 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 12 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 15 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 18 Upanishads Upanishads NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 21 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 24 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 25 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 26 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 28 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 29 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 573 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 2 466][467][468 466][467][468 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 6 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 7 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 9 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 10 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 11 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 12 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 13 parallel parallel JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 16 separate separate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 19 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 20 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 21 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 23 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 26 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 28 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 31 Ājīvika Ājīvika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 574 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 2 469 469 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 4 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 5 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 6 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 11 existed exist VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 13 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 14 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 16 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 18 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 20 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 21 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 22 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 24 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 25 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 26 Mahavira mahavira JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 30 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 31 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 32 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 34 āstika āstika NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 36 nāstika nāstika NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 37 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 39 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 40 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 575 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 2 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 6 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 7 Wilshire Wilshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 10 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 11 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 12 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 14 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 15 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 17 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 19 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 20 Paccekabuddha Paccekabuddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 22 Savaka Savaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 23 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 26 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 27 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 29 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 31 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 32 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 35 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 37 disciples disciple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 40 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 41 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 43 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 44 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 45 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 47 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 576 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 2 471 471 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 4 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 6 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 8 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 9 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 11 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 13 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 14 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 15 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 16 ideas,[472 ideas,[472 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 20 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 21 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 23 drew draw VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 24 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 25 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 26 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 27 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 28 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 30 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 31 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 33 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 34 Wiltshire Wiltshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 37 formulate formulate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 38 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 39 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 40 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 577 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 2 470][473 470][473 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 4 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 5 motifs motif NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 8 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 11 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 15 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 16 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 18 introduce introduce VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 20 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 21 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 22 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 578 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 2 474 474 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 7 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 10 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 13 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 14 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 15 internalised internalise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 17 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 18 reinterpreted reinterpret VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 21 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 22 sacrificial sacrificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 23 fires fire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 25 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 28 Truth Truth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 30 Rite Rite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 32 Tranquility Tranquility NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 34 Restraint Restraint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 579 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 2 475 475 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 7 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 10 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 11 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 12 sacrificial sacrificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 13 fires fire NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 15 reinterpreting reinterpret VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 17 explaining explain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 20 ethical ethical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 21 conduct conduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 580 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 2 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 5 Śramaṇa Śramaṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 6 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 7 challenged challenge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 9 broke break VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 12 Brahmanic brahmanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 13 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 15 core core JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 16 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 19 Atman Atman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 21 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 23 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 26 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 29 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 31 afterlife afterlife NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 34 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 35 rejected reject VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 37 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 40 Vedas Vedas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 42 Upanishads Upanishads NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 581 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 2 477][478][479 477][478][479 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 8 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 9 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 10 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 12 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 13 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 582 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 2 479 479 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 4 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 6 Ajanta Ajanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 7 Caves Caves NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 9 Cave Cave NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 10 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 15 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 16 chaitya chaitya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 17 worship worship VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 18 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 20 stupa stupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 22 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 23 idols idol NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 583 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 8 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 12 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 16 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 18 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 19 periods:[480 periods:[480 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 21 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 24 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 25 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 26 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 27 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 28 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 32 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 33 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 35 Sectarian Sectarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 36 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 38 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 39 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 42 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 43 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 44 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 46 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 47 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 48 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 50 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 51 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 55 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 57 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 58 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 60 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 61 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 62 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 584 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 1 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 3 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 8 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 10 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 12 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 14 Lambert Lambert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 15 Schmithausen Schmithausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 16 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 18 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 23 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 24 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 25 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 28 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 30 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 31 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 34 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 35 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 585 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 3 481 481 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 8 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 9 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 11 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 12 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 13 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 14 Nikāyas nikāyas RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 16 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 17 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 22 parallel parallel JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 23 Agamas Agamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 24 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 27 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 28 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 30 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 33 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 34 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 36 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 37 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 40 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 43 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 44 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 47 patimokkha patimokkha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 586 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 2 482][483][484 482][483][484 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 7 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 9 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 16 unclear unclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 17 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 18 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 20 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 21 layer layer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 23 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 24 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 587 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 2 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 4 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 5 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 8 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 9 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 14 compare compare VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 16 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 17 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 18 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 21 Theravadin Theravadin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 22 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 23 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 26 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 588 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 3 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 6 reliability reliability NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 9 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 10 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 14 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 16 draw draw VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 17 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 19 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 21 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 22 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 26 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 28 dispute dispute NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 589 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 2 487 487 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 6 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 8 inconsistencies inconsistency NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 9 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 13 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 14 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 16 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 18 resolve resolve VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 19 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 20 inconsistencies inconsistency NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 590 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 2 485][note 485][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 3 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 7 Schmithausen Schmithausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 10 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 11 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 13 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 18 distinguished:[492 distinguished:[492 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 21 Stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 24 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 25 homogeneity homogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 27 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 28 authenticity authenticity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 31 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 33 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 34 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 37 Nikayic Nikayic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 38 materials;"[note materials;"[note NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 39 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 42 Scepticism scepticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 44 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 47 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 49 retrieving retrieve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 51 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 53 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 54 Buddhism;"[note Buddhism;"[note NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 55 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 57 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 58 Cautious cautious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 59 optimism optimism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 61 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 62 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 591 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 3 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 4 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 7 Core Core NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 8 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 9 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 11 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 13 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 14 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 15 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 16 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 18 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 19 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 20 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 23 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 26 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 27 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 28 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 29 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 31 conclude conclude VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 33 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 34 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 35 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 36 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 37 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 38 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 39 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 42 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 43 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 44 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 47 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 48 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 49 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 51 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 54 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 55 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 57 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 60 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 61 aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 63 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 64 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 66 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 68 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 592 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 2 499 499 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 6 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 7 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 8 Reat Reat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 13 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 15 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 18 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 19 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 20 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 23 Mahasamghika Mahasamghika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 24 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 26 Śālistamba Śālistamba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 27 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 593 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 2 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 5 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 8 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 9 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 10 concludes conclude VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 13 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 14 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 15 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 17 Sarvastivada Sarvastivada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 18 Madhyama Madhyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 19 Agama Agama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 20 contain contain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 21 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 23 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 24 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 25 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 594 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 2 501 501 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 5 Salomon Salomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 9 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 12 Gandharan Gandharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 18 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 19 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 20 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 22 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 26 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 29 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 32 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 34 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 35 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 36 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 37 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 40 survives survive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 41 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 44 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 45 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 47 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 48 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 50 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 51 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 53 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 54 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 56 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 57 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 58 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 59 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 60 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 61 eighteen eighteen CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 62 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 63 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 595 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 3 502 502 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 5 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 8 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 9 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 11 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 12 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 13 reveals reveal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 14 discrepancies discrepancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 15 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 17 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 18 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 19 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 21 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 23 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 26 point point VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 28 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 29 possibilities possibility NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 31 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 32 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 596 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 2 503][504][505 503][504][505 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 5 authenticity authenticity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 7 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 8 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 10 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 13 questioned question VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 597 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 6 think think VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 8 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 11 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 14 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 17 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 20 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 22 disagree disagree NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 25 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 598 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 2 506][507 506][507 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 8 scholarly scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 9 disagreement disagreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 11 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 12 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 16 liberating liberate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 18 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 21 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 25 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 26 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 29 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 32 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 33 jhānas jhāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 599 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 2 488][508][509 488][508][509 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 4 Scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 7 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 9 think think VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 12 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 13 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 14 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 19 formulated formulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 21 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 25 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 27 serve serve VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 29 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 30 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 33 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 36 liberating liberating JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 37 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 600 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 2 510 510 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 6 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 9 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 13 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 15 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 19 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 22 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 25 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 26 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 601 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 8 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 9 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 11 elaborated elaborate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 13 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 16 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 19 eightfold eightfold NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 20 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 602 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 4 Ashokan Ashokan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 5 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 9 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 10 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 11 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 13 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 15 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 17 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 18 councils council NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 21 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 22 Sanchi Sanchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 23 Stupa Stupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 24 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 603 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 3 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 4 Vidisha Vidisha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 6 Madhya Madhya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 7 Pradesh Pradesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 9 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 604 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 3 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 5 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 7 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 10 parinirvāṇa parinirvāṇa NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 13 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 16 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 17 extinguishment extinguishment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 21 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 22 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 26 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 27 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 29 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 31 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 32 recite recite VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 34 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 36 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 38 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 39 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 40 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 42 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 43 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 605 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 3 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 4 question question VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 6 historicity historicity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 9 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 606 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 2 511 511 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 6 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 7 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 8 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 11 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 12 assembly assembly NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 13 recitations recitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 18 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 19 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 20 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 22 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 24 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 28 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 31 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 33 codifying codify VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 35 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 607 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 2 512 512 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 5 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 6 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 7 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 9 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 10 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 14 schism schism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 17 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 608 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 3 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 7 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 8 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 13 reformists reformist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 14 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 15 Sthaviras Sthaviras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 18 elders elder NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 21 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 23 modify modify VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 25 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 27 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 28 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 32 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 33 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 35 split split NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 38 conservatives conservative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 39 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 40 rejected reject VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 41 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 42 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 44 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 45 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 46 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 47 Mahāsāṃghikas Mahāsāṃghikas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 609 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 2 513][514 513][514 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 6 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 7 accept accept VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 10 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 13 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 15 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 17 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 18 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 21 dating dating NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 23 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 24 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 26 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 28 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 30 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 32 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 34 Ashoka Ashoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 610 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 2 515 515 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 4 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 8 missions mission NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 11 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 13 Ashoka Ashoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 14 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 17 Edicts edict NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 19 Ashoka Ashoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 611 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 3 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 4 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 6 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 7 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 8 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 9 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 14 Mauryan Mauryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 15 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 16 Ashoka Ashoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 18 304–232 304–232 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 19 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 22 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 25 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 26 supporter supporter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 29 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 612 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 2 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 4 Aśoka Aśoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 7 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 8 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 11 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 13 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 14 stūpas stūpa NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 19 Sanchi Sanchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 21 Bharhut Bharhut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 24 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 29 Mahabodhi Mahabodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 30 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 34 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 35 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 36 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 38 Maurya Maurya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 39 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 41 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 42 neighbouring neighbouring NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 43 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 44 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 46 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 47 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 51 island island NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 53 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 54 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 613 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 3 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 5 Mauryan mauryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 8 322–180 322–180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 9 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 13 Sthavira Sthavira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 14 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 15 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 16 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 18 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 19 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 26 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 27 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 29 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 31 congregate congregate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 34 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 36 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 38 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 40 Sarvāstivāda Sarvāstivāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 41 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 43 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 44 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 45 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 47 north north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 48 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 614 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 1 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 4 Mahāsāṃghika Mahāsāṃghika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 5 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 7 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 8 split split VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 11 Sanghas Sanghas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 615 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 1 Originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 4 schisms schism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 6 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 8 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 10 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 11 disciplinary disciplinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 12 codes code NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 14 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 15 fraternities fraternity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 18 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 21 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 22 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 23 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 24 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 26 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 28 schisms schism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 30 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 31 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 33 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 34 disagreements disagreement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 35 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 616 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 2 516 516 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 7 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 12 schisms schism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 14 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 15 Saṅgha Saṅgha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 16 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 18 accumulate accumulate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 20 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 21 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 23 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 25 triple triple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 26 basket basket NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 28 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 617 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 2 47][517 47][517 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 6 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 8 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 9 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 10 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 12 Suttas Suttas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 18 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 19 basket basket NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 21 disciplinary disciplinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 22 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 26 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 28 added add VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 30 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 31 basket basket NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 34 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 36 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 37 scholastic scholastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 38 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 40 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 42 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 45 Suttas Suttas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 618 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 2 47][518 47][518 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 5 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 6 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 9 Abhidharmas Abhidharmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 11 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 13 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 14 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 15 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 18 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 20 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 21 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 22 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 24 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 26 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 28 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 30 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 31 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 32 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 619 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 2 519][520][521 519][520][521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 4 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 6 Ashokan ashokan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 7 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 11 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 12 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 13 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 16 Extent Extent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 20 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 21 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 24 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 26 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 620 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 4 edicts edict NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 6 Aśoka Aśoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 9 Mauryan Mauryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 10 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 11 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 12 emissaries emissary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 14 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 16 west west RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 18 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 20 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 22 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 25 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 27 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 28 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 31 neighbouring neighbouring JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 32 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 36 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 37 farther farth JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 39 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 40 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 43 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 621 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 4 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 6 disagreement disagreement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 8 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 9 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 13 emissaries emissary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 15 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 17 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 18 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 622 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 2 522 522 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 5 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 7 west west JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 11 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 12 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 15 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 17 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 18 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 19 monarchs monarchs NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 21 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 22 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 23 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 24 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 27 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 28 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 30 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 32 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 623 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 6 evidenced evidence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 8 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 10 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 12 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 16 Milindapanha Milindapanha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 19 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 21 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 22 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 24 Gandhāra Gandhāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 624 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 2 Milindapanha Milindapanha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 3 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 5 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 8 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 9 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 12 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 15 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 16 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 17 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 18 Menander Menander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 22 Menander menander NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 23 abdicates abdicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 25 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 26 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 28 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 29 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 32 pursuit pursuit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 34 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 625 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 2 523][524 523][524 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 7 questioned question VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 9 Milindapanha Milindapanha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 10 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 12 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 13 doubts doubt NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 14 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 15 Menander Menander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 19 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 20 favourably favourably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 21 disposed disposed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 23 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 24 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 626 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 2 525 525 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 5 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 6 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 8 30–375 30–375 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 9 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 11 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 13 control control VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 15 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 16 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 17 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 19 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 21 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 22 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 25 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 28 interact interact VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 30 Gandharan Gandharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 31 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 34 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 35 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 37 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 38 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 627 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 2 Kushans Kushans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 3 patronised patronise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 5 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 7 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 12 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 14 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 16 renovated renovate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 19 Sarvastivada Sarvastivada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 20 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 22 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 23 favored favor VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 26 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 28 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 29 Kanishka Kanishka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 31 128–151 128–151 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 32 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 628 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 2 526][527 526][527 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 4 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 5 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 6 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 9 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 12 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 13 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 16 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 17 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 629 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 2 528 528 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 5 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 7 Khotan Khotan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 10 Tarim Tarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 11 Basin Basin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 16 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 19 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 22 far far NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 23 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 630 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 2 527 527 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 7 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 8 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 9 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 13 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 16 Gandharan Gandharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 18 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 20 dating date VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 22 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 24 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 26 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 29 connected connect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 32 Dharmaguptaka Dharmaguptaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 33 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 631 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 2 529][530][531 529][530][531 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 5 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 6 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 9 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 10 Plateau Plateau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 13 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 17 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 20 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 21 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 23 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 26 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 27 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 30 Ghaznavid Ghaznavid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 31 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 33 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 36 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 37 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 39 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 40 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 41 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 43 10th- 10th- CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 45 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 47 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 48 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 51 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 53 disappearance disappearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 55 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 56 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 57 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 59 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 60 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 632 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 2 532 532 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 9 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 12 triad triad NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 13 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 15 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 17 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 20 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 23 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 24 buddha buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 25 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 27 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 28 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 31 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 32 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 36 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 633 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 634 1 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 634 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 634 3 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 634 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 634 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 1 Guimet Guimet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 2 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 4 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 9 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 10 Vehicle Vehicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 16 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 17 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 21 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 22 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 23 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 24 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 25 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 27 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 29 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 30 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 635 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 1 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 4 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 7 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 8 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 9 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 11 venerating venerate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 12 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 17 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 20 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 21 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 22 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 23 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 636 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 2 533 533 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 7 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 9 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 10 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 13 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 15 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 18 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 20 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 637 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 2 445][533 445][533 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 4 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 8 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 9 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 12 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 14 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 15 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 17 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 18 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 19 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 21 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 22 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 24 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 25 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 27 Lokakṣema Lokakṣema NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 638 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 639 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 639 2 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 639 3 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 639 4 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 639 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 639 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 3 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 5 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 6 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 8 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 9 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 11 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 12 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 13 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 15 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 17 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 18 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 21 Prajnaparamita Prajnaparamita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 22 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 24 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 26 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 27 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 28 Akṣobhya Akṣobhya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 32 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 33 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 36 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 37 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 38 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 41 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 43 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 640 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 2 535][note 535][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 3 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 5 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 8 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 10 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 11 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 12 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 15 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 16 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 17 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 19 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 25 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 26 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 27 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 29 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 32 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 33 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 35 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 36 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 39 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 40 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 42 ideals ideal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 45 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 46 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 48 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 49 bodhisattvas bodhisattvas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 641 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 2 537][538 537][538 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 4 Records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 5 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 7 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 8 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 9 visiting visit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 10 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 11 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 13 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 14 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 16 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 18 Mahāyāna mahāyāna JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 19 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 22 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 25 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 26 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 30 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 32 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 33 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 34 worshipped worship VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 35 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 37 Bodhisattvas Bodhisattvas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 39 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 40 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 41 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 42 Mahayana mahayana JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 43 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 44 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 45 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 642 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 2 539 539 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 4 Site Site NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 6 Nalanda Nalanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 10 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 11 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 13 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 14 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 15 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 16 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 17 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 20 remained remain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 22 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 23 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 24 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 28 tension tension NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 31 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 32 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 34 struggling struggle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 36 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 37 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 643 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 2 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 8 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 10 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 11 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 12 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 15 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 20 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 21 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 23 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 28 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 31 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 32 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 34 epigraphic epigraphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 36 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 37 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 39 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 40 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 644 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 4 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 5 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 7 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 9 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 13 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 645 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 2 541 541 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 6 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 7 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 9 grow grow VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 11 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 14 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 15 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 18 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 19 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 20 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 21 complexes complex NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 24 Nalanda Nalanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 26 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 29 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 32 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 33 Gupta Gupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 34 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 36 Kumaragupta Kumaragupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 37 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 40 Vikramashila Vikramashila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 42 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 43 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 44 Dharmapala Dharmapala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 45 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 46 783 783 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 48 820 820 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 50 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 51 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 52 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 54 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 646 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 5 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 8 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 10 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 12 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 13 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 15 Mādhyamaka Mādhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 17 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 19 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 21 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 23 Tathāgatagarbha Tathāgatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 28 epistemological epistemological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 29 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 31 Dignaga Dignaga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 33 Dharmakirti Dharmakirti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 647 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 2 542 542 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 6 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 7 Lusthaus Lusthaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 9 Mādhyamaka Mādhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 11 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 14 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 15 deal deal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 17 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 21 commonality commonality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 22 stems stem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 648 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 2 543 543 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 4 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 5 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 8 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 9 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 12 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 13 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 14 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 15 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 18 Bhairava Bhairava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 20 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 22 Yamantaka Yamantaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 24 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 649 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 3 Gupta Gupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 6 4th–6th 4th–6th CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 7 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 11 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 13 Harṣavardana Harṣavardana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 15 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 16 590–647 590–647 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 17 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 21 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 24 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 26 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 29 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 30 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 31 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 32 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 33 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 35 Nalanda Nalanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 37 Valabahi Valabahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 38 Universities Universities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 40 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 42 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 650 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 2 544 544 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 6 flourished flourish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 7 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 9 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 12 Pāla Pāla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 15 8th–12th 8th–12th CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 16 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 651 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 3 Guptas Guptas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 5 Palas Palas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 7 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 10 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 11 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 13 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 15 prominence prominence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 652 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 2 promoted promote VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 3 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 4 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 8 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 10 mantras mantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 12 dharanis dharanis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 14 mudras mudras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 16 mandalas mandala NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 19 visualization visualization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 21 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 23 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 25 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 27 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 28 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 30 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 33 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 34 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 653 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 3 esoteric esoteric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 4 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 9 traced trace VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 10 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 12 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 14 wandering wander VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 15 yogi yogi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 16 magicians magician NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 17 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 18 mahasiddhas mahasiddhas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 654 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 2 545][546 545][546 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 5 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 8 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 10 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 11 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 14 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 15 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 17 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 18 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 655 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 1 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 2 Seyfort Seyfort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 3 Ruegg Ruegg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 5 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 8 tantra tantra NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 9 employed employ VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 10 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 11 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 15 pan pan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 17 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 18 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 19 substrate substrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 24 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 25 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 27 Shaiva Shaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 29 Vaishnava Vaishnava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 656 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 2 547 547 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 6 Indologist Indologist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 7 Alexis Alexis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 8 Sanderson Sanderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 10 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 11 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 13 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 14 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 15 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 18 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 20 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 21 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 22 sponsoring sponsor VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 23 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 26 Saivism Saivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 657 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 1 Sanderson Sanderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 3 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 6 tantras tantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 9 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 12 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 13 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 15 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 17 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 19 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 20 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 21 Shaiva Shaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 22 tantras tantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 658 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 2 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 6 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 7 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 8 copied copy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 9 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 10 Shaiva Shaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 11 tantras tantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 13 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 15 Bhairava Bhairava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 16 Vidyapitha Vidyapitha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 17 tantras tantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 659 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 2 548][549 548][549 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 4 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 6 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 7 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 9 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 11 Sanderson Sanderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 13 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 15 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 16 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 18 Shaiva Shaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 19 Vidyapitha Vidyapitha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 20 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 22 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 23 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 26 chronology chronology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 29 Vidyapitha Vidyapitha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 30 tantras tantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 33 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 34 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 35 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 36 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 37 established"[550 established"[550 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 40 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 42 Shaiva Shaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 43 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 44 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 45 appropriated appropriate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 46 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 47 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 48 Hindu hindu JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 49 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 51 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 53 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 660 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 2 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 8 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 12 tantras tantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 14 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 15 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 17 Kapalika Kapalika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 20 Saiva Saiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 21 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 23 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 24 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 28 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 30 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 31 mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 661 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 3 551 551 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 5 Already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 8 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 9 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 13 losing lose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 15 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 18 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 20 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 24 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 27 Karkotas Karkotas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 30 Pratiharas Pratiharas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 33 Rashtrakutas Rashtrakutas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 36 Pandyas Pandyas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 39 Pallavas Pallavas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 662 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 2 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 6 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 8 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 9 faiths faith NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 10 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 11 Vaishnavism Vaishnavism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 13 Shaivism Shaivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 17 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 20 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 22 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 23 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 26 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 28 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 31 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 32 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 663 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 2 552 552 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 5 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 6 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 8 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 10 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 12 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 14 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 18 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 19 damaged damage VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 21 destroyed destroy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 22 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 23 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 24 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 26 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 28 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 29 eventual eventual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 30 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 31 disappearance disappearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 33 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 36 1200s 1200s CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 664 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 2 553 553 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 4 Spread Spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 6 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 8 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 9 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 10 Angkor Angkor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 11 Thom Thom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 12 build build NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 14 Khmer Khmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 15 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 16 Jayavarman Jayavarman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 17 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 19 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 20 1120–1218 1120–1218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 665 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 2 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 3 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 4 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 8 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 11 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 12 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 14 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 15 started start VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 18 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 19 2nd 2nd NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 22 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 24 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 26 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 28 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 29 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 31 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 32 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 34 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 666 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 2 554][note 554][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 3 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 7 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 8 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 9 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 11 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 13 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 15 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 19 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 21 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 23 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 26 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 29 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 32 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 33 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 34 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 36 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 37 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 40 Tarim Tarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 41 Basin Basin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 667 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 2 556 556 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 6 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 9 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 11 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 13 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 16 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 17 An An NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 18 Shigao Shigao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 20 148–180 148–180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 21 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 668 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 2 557 557 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 7 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 8 scriptural scriptural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 11 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 13 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 16 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 17 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 18 Lokakṣema Lokakṣema NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 20 Luoyang Luoyang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 23 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 25 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 26 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 669 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 2 558 558 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 9 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 12 neighbours neighbours NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 13 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 15 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 19 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 21 6th–7th 6th–7th CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 22 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 26 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 28 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 29 1st–2nd 1st–2nd CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 30 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 670 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 2 559][560 559][560 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 6 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 7 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 8 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 10 618–907 618–907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 13 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 14 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 17 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 19 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 21 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 24 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 26 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 28 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 29 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 671 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 2 561][562 561][562 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 4 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 7 grow grow VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 10 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 11 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 13 960–1279 960–1279 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 20 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 23 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 24 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 25 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 26 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 28 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 672 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 2 563 563 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 4 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 5 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 9 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 16 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 17 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 19 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 673 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 2 564 564 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 9 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 12 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 13 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 14 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 16 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 17 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 18 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 19 130,000 130,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 20 wooden wooden JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 21 printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 22 blocks block NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 674 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 2 565 565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 6 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 9 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 14 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 16 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 20 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 22 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 24 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 26 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 675 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 1 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 3 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 6 esoteric esoteric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 7 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 9 attractive attractive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 10 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 12 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 13 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 15 secluded secluded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 16 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 17 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 22 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 23 rites rite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 25 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 26 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 28 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 31 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 34 maintenance maintenance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 37 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 38 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 39 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 40 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 42 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 44 resist resist VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 45 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 676 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 2 566 566 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 6 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 7 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 10 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 11 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 13 India,[567 India,[567 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 17 vanished vanish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 19 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 21 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 22 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 24 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 25 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 27 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 28 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 677 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 2 568][569 568][569 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 5 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 7 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 9 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 10 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 11 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 14 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 16 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 678 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 1 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 2 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 5 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 8 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 9 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 11 southeast southeast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 12 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 15 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 17 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 19 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 21 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 23 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 25 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 27 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 29 coastal coastal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 30 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 679 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 2 570][571 570][571 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 4 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 8 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 9 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 11 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 14 Mon Mon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 15 Hanthawaddy Hanthawaddy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 16 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 18 1287–1552 1287–1552 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 680 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 2 572 572 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 7 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 10 Khmer Khmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 14 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 16 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 21 Thai Thai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 22 Sukhothai Sukhothai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 23 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 24 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 26 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 28 Ram Ram NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 29 Khamhaeng Khamhaeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 31 1237/1247–1298 1237/1247–1298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 681 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 2 573][574 573][574 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 4 Schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 8 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 10 Schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 14 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 17 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 19 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 20 Era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 21 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 23 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 24 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 25 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 26 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 27 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 28 classify classify VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 29 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 31 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 32 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 34 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 682 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 2 575 575 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 5 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 11 scholars[576 scholars[576 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 17 ordinarily ordinarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 21 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 683 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 2 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 6 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 7 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 11 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 12 divides divide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 16 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 17 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 18 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 20 geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 22 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 23 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 25 Theravāda theravāda NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 29 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 30 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 34 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 35 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 36 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 40 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 41 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 42 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 45 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 47 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 48 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 52 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 54 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 55 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 57 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 58 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 59 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 60 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 61 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 684 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 3 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 5 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 8 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 10 Yeunten Yeunten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 11 Ling Ling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 12 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 13 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 14 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 15 scholars[note scholars[note $ en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 16 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 18 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 20 schemes scheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 685 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 1 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 2 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 5 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 8 schemes scheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 686 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 1 Hinayana Hinayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 3 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 5 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 7 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 8 vehicle vehicle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 12 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 15 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 16 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 18 name name VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 20 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 23 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 24 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 26 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 29 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 30 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 31 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 36 Hinayana Hinayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 37 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 39 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 40 derogatory derogatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 43 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 45 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 46 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 47 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 48 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 49 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 51 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 52 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 53 Śrāvakayāna Śrāvakayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 55 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 56 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 58 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 59 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 60 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 62 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 63 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 65 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 66 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 687 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 2 577][578 577][578 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 4 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 6 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 9 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 11 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 12 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 13 outlook outlook NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 16 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 18 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 19 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 21 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 688 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 2 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 6 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 9 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 10 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 11 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 15 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 18 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 20 them:[579][580 them:[579][580 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 22 Both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 23 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 25 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 26 accept accept VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 28 revere revere VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 30 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 31 Sakyamuni Sakyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 34 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 36 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 37 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 38 reveres revere VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 39 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 40 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 41 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 43 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 45 Amitabha Amitabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 46 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 47 Vairocana Vairocana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 48 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 49 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 51 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 52 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 53 bodhisattvas bodhisattvas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 54 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 55 revered revere VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 57 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 689 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 2 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 4 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 5 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 7 Dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 8 origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 11 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 12 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 13 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 16 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 17 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 18 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 21 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 22 Jewels Jewels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 25 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 26 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 28 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 31 Bodhipakṣadharmas Bodhipakṣadharmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 33 aids aids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 35 awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 690 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 1 Mahāyāna mahāyāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 2 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 3 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 6 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 7 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 9 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 12 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 14 universal universal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 18 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 21 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 23 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 24 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 25 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 27 focus focus VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 29 teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 30 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 31 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 33 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 35 attainment attainment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 37 arhatship arhatship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 40 worthy worthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 41 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 43 strive strive VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 44 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 691 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 2 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 3 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 6 denied deny VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 8 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 12 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 13 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 16 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 18 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 19 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 20 suitable suitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 22 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 24 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 692 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 2 581 581 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 6 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 7 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 9 normative normative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 11 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 17 optional optional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 18 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 21 heroic heroic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 22 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 24 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 693 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 2 582 582 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 5 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 7 arhat arhat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 9 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 11 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 12 imperfect imperfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 14 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 16 preliminary preliminary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 18 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 19 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 694 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 2 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 3 arhatship arhatship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 5 selfish selfish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 7 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 8 bodhisattvas bodhisattvas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 9 vow vow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 11 save save VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 13 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 15 arhats arhat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 16 save save VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 17 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 18 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 695 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 2 583 583 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 4 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 5 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 6 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 8 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 11 arhat arhat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 13 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 16 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 18 preliminary preliminary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 19 attainment attainment JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 21 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 26 selfish selfish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 27 deed deed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 29 attain attain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 30 arhatship arhatship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 31 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 33 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 34 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 35 arhats arhat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 36 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 38 compassionate compassionate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 39 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 40 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 41 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 42 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 44 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 46 greed greed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 49 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 52 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 53 am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 696 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 2 582 582 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 5 accepts accept VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 7 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 11 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 12 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 13 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 17 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 18 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 19 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 21 Agamas Agamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 24 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 25 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 27 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 29 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 30 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 31 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 33 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 36 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 37 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 38 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 40 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 43 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 44 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 46 buddhavacana buddhavacana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 48 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 51 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 53 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 54 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 697 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 2 584 584 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 4 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 5 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 6 Monastics Monastics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 8 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 9 clad clothe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 10 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 11 celebrate celebrate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 12 Vesak Vesak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 14 Vipassakna Vipassakna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 15 Dhaurak Dhaurak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 17 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 18 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 19 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 21 Theravāda theravāda VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 23 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 24 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 25 bases base VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 26 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 29 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 30 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 32 considers consider VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 33 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 37 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 38 orthodox orthodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 39 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 41 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 43 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 45 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 46 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 47 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 49 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 51 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 52 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 698 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 2 585][586][587 585][586][587 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 5 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 6 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 9 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 10 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 12 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 13 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 16 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 17 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 699 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 4 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 6 serves serve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 9 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 11 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 14 lingua lingua FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 15 franca franca FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 700 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 2 588 588 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 4 Besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 6 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 7 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 9 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 10 scholastics scholastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 13 rely rely VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 16 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 18 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 19 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 20 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 22 comments comment VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 23 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 25 interprets interpret VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 27 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 28 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 701 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 2 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 3 works work VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 7 Visuddhimagga Visuddhimagga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 10 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 11 summa summa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 15 fifth fifth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 19 exegete exegete NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 20 Buddhaghosa Buddhaghosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 22 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 23 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 24 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 702 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 2 589 589 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 4 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 5 derives derive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 8 Mahāvihāra Mahāvihāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 10 Tāmraparṇīya Tāmraparṇīya NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 12 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 15 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 16 Lankan Lankan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 17 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 20 Vibhajyavāda Vibhajyavāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 21 Sthaviras Sthaviras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 24 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 26 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 27 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 30 island island NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 33 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 34 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 35 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 36 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 703 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 1 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 2 flourished flourish VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 4 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 7 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 8 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 10 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 11 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 14 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 16 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 22 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 23 southeast southeast NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 24 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 25 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 27 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 31 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 32 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 33 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 704 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 2 590 590 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 6 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 9 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 11 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 12 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 15 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 16 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 18 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 19 southeast southeast NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 20 Asia,[590 Asia,[590 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 22 displacing displace VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 23 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 27 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 29 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 705 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 2 591][592][593 591][592][593 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 6 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 7 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 10 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 13 Anagarika Anagarika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 14 Dhammapala Dhammapala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 16 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 17 Mongkut Mongkut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 18 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 20 re re VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 21 - - VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 22 focus focus VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 24 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 27 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 28 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 30 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 31 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 33 emphasize emphasize VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 35 rational rational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 38 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 40 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 42 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 43 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 44 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 45 opposing oppose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 47 superstition superstition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 706 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 2 594 594 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 5 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 8 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 9 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 10 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 13 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 14 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 15 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 17 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 18 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 707 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 2 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 4 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 6 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 9 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 10 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 13 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 16 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 17 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 19 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 21 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 708 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 1 Theravāda theravāda NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 3 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 4 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 5 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 7 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 8 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 10 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 12 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 14 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 16 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 20 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 21 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 23 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 25 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 27 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 29 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 709 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 4 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 5 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 8 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 10 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 12 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 15 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 16 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 710 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 1 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 2 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 3 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 5 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 6 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 8 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 9 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 11 Hangzhou Hangzhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 13 Zhejiang Zhejiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 14 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 16 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 711 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 1 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 2 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 8 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 9 Vehicle Vehicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 12 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 15 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 19 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 21 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 22 Sutras Sutras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 24 authoritative authoritative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 25 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 27 accurate accurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 28 rendering rendering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 30 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 32 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 712 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 2 452 452 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 5 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 10 liberal liberal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 11 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 14 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 15 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 18 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 20 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 21 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 22 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 713 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 2 595 595 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 5 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 7 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 10 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 13 bodhisattva bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 15 bodhisattvayāna bodhisattvayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 18 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 19 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 21 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 22 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 24 interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 26 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 27 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 28 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 714 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 3 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 4 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 5 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 7 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 10 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 12 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 15 2st 2st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 17 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 715 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 2 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 4 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 5 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 6 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 11 Guptas Guptas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 13 Palas Palas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 15 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 16 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 17 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 18 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 19 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 21 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 24 Nālandā Nālandā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 25 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 27 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 29 evidenced evidence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 31 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 32 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 34 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 35 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 36 visitors visitor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 38 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 716 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 2 596][597 596][597 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 5 universities university NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 6 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 8 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 10 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 11 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 13 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 17 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 18 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 20 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 21 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 24 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 717 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 2 hosted host VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 3 visiting visit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 4 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 6 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 7 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 10 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 12 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 13 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 718 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 2 596][598 596][598 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 4 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 5 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 8 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 9 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 11 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 13 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 15 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 17 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 19 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 21 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 23 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 25 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 28 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 29 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 33 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 34 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 719 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 3 practised practise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 5 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 8 Himalayan himalayan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 9 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 12 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 16 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 18 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 23 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 25 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 26 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 27 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 30 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 32 tantric tantric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 33 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 36 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 37 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 38 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 40 heading heading NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 43 Vajrayāna Vajrayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 46 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 47 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 48 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 52 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 53 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 720 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 1 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 2 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 3 practicing practice VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 4 Chöd Chöd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 7 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 8 implements implement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 13 Damaru Damaru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 14 drum drum NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 16 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 18 bell bell NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 21 Kangling Kangling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 23 thighbone thighbone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 24 trumpet trumpet NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 721 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 1 Ruins ruin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 4 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 7 Erdene Erdene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 8 Zuu Zuu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 9 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 10 complex complex NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 12 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 722 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 4 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 6 strands strand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 8 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 15 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 16 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 17 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 19 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 22 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 23 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 24 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 25 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 723 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 3 599 599 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 8 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 11 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 12 strands strand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 14 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 16 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 17 fused fuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 18 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 724 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 725 1 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 725 2 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 725 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 725 4 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 725 5 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 725 6 eclectic eclectic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 725 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 2 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 4 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 7 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 8 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 9 denominations denomination NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 13 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 14 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 15 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 17 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 19 peculiar peculiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 21 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 23 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 24 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 26 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 29 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 31 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 33 Tendai Tendai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 36 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 726 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 2 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 4 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 6 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 7 belong belong VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 10 Chogye Chogye NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 11 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 15 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 16 Son Son NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 18 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 23 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 24 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 27 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 727 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 2 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 4 Vajrayāna vajrayāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 5 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 9 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 11 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 13 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 16 Vajrayāna Vajrayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 17 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 18 Mahāyānist Mahāyānist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 22 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 24 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 27 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 29 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 30 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 31 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 33 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 36 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 38 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 40 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 41 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 42 lifetime lifetime NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 728 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 2 601 601 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 5 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 7 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 8 mantras mantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 10 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 12 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 14 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 17 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 21 Vedas Vedas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 729 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 2 602 602 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 4 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 6 preserves preserve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 8 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 9 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 11 eighth eighth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 14 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 730 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 4 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 7 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 8 concerned concerned JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 10 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 12 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 13 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 731 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 2 603 603 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 5 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 6 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 9 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 11 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 12 yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 14 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 15 visualisation visualisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 17 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 20 enlightened enlightened JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 21 yidam yidam NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 23 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 24 deity deity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 27 associated associated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 28 mandala mandala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 732 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 2 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 4 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 7 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 9 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 10 initiation initiation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 12 empowerment empowerment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 14 abhiṣeka abhiṣeka NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 18 Guru Guru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 20 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 733 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 2 604 604 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 5 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 6 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 8 Guhyasamāja Guhyasamāja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 9 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 10 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 11 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 12 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 14 antinomian antinomian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 15 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 16 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 21 taboo taboo NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 22 substances substance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 23 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 24 alcohol alcohol NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 26 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 27 yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 30 charnel charnel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 31 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 32 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 34 evoke evoke VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 35 wrathful wrathful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 36 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 734 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 2 605][606 605][606 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 4 Monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 6 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 7 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 8 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 11 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 13 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 16 housed house VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 18 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 19 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 20 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 22 Sanskrit sanskrit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 24 viharas viharas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 27 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 735 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 1 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 2 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 3 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 4 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 8 wandering wandering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 10 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 11 staying stay VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 14 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 16 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 736 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 4 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 5 rainy rainy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 6 season season NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 8 vassa vassa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 10 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 11 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 12 gather gather VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 13 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 16 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 21 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 22 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 24 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 25 depart depart VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 26 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 737 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 2 607][608 607][608 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 7 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 9 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 12 groves grove NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 14 vanas vana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 17 woods wood NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 19 araññas araññas NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 24 Jetavana Jetavana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 26 Sarnath Sarnath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 28 Deer Deer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 29 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 738 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 2 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 3 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 8 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 9 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 11 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 13 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 14 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 16 sangharamas sangharamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 19 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 21 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 23 donors donor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 26 woodland woodland JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 27 camps camp NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 29 avasas avasas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 32 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 33 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 35 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 739 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 1 Whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 2 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 4 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 7 locales locale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 9 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 10 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 12 wood wood NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 15 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 16 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 17 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 18 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 21 rainy rainy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 22 season season NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 740 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 2 609][610 609][610 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 4 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 8 wandering wander VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 9 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 10 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 11 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 13 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 14 cenobitic cenobitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 15 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 17 monasticism monasticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 741 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 2 611 611 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 4 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 7 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 8 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 9 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 12 simpler simple JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 13 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 15 rustic rustic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 16 dwellings dwelling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 18 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 21 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 22 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 23 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 24 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 25 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 27 house house VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 29 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 30 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 32 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 33 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 34 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 37 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 38 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 39 fashion fashion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 742 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 2 612 612 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 6 Gupta Gupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 7 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 9 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 10 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 11 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 12 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 13 complexes complex NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 15 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 16 Nalanda Nalanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 18 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 21 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 23 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 24 artistically artistically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 25 ornate ornate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 26 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 28 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 29 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 31 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 32 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 33 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 35 accumulated accumulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 36 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 743 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 2 613 613 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 8 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 11 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 744 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 1 Classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 2 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 4 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 5 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 6 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 10 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 11 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 13 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 15 rock rock NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 17 hewn hew VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 18 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 19 complexes complex NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 24 Ajanta Ajanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 25 Caves Caves NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 28 stupas stupa NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 30 funerary funerary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 31 mounds mound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 33 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 34 relics relic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 38 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 39 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 42 Mahabodhi Mahabodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 43 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 745 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 2 614 614 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 5 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 6 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 10 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 11 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 13 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 15 wats wat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 18 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 21 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 23 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 24 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 28 ordination ordination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 29 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 32 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 34 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 35 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 36 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 38 stupas stupa NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 746 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 1 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 2 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 3 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 4 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 6 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 8 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 10 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 11 halls hall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 13 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 15 lecture lecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 16 halls hall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 18 bell bell NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 19 towers tower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 21 pagodas pagoda NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 747 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 3 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 4 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 8 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 10 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 11 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 12 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 15 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 16 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 18 garan garan NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 748 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 2 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 4 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 8 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 11 housed house VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 13 gompas gompa NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 749 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 3 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 4 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 6 stupas stupa NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 8 prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 9 halls hall NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 12 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 750 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 2 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 5 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 6 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 8 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 10 minimalist minimalist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 12 rustic rustic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 13 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 14 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 17 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 18 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 19 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 20 Tawang Tawang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 21 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 751 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 2 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 4 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 6 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 9 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 10 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 12 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 15 manage manage VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 17 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 18 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 19 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 752 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 3 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 6 lay lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 7 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 9 visit visit VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 10 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 12 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 14 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 15 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 17 holidays holiday NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 753 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 4 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 9 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 10 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 15 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 18 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 20 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 22 staffed staff VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 26 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 28 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 29 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 754 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 2 615 615 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 7 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 8 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 10 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 12 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 14 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 16 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 20 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 21 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 22 Buryat Buryat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 23 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 24 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 26 Siberia Siberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 27 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 28 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 30 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 31 faced face VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 32 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 33 challenges challenge NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 35 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 36 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 38 colonisation colonisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 40 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 41 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 43 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 44 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 46 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 47 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 48 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 49 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 50 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 755 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 3 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 6 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 8 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 9 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 11 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 13 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 14 premises premise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 756 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 2 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 7 challenges challenge NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 9 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 14 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 757 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 3 modernist modernist NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 4 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 8 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 9 convert convert NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 10 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 11 Olcott Olcott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 13 1832–1907 1832–1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 16 Anagarika Anagarika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 17 Dharmapala Dharmapala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 19 1864–1933 1864–1933 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 21 reinterpreted reinterpret VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 23 promoted promote VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 27 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 29 rational rational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 30 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 33 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 34 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 35 compatible compatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 37 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 38 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 758 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 2 616 616 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 4 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 5 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 7 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 8 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 10 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 11 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 13 ravaged ravage VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 17 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 18 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 23 Taiping Taiping NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 24 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 26 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 27 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 28 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 31 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 32 affected affect VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 33 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 34 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 759 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 3 Republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 6 1912–49 1912–49 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 11 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 13 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 16 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 18 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 21 Taixu Taixu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 23 1899–1947 1899–1947 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 27 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 28 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 29 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 31 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 32 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 34 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 35 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 37 1966–76 1966–76 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 40 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 41 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 42 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 44 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 47 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 49 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 50 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 51 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 760 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 2 617 617 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 4 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 7 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 8 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 12 modernisation modernisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 15 Meiji Meiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 16 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 761 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 2 618 618 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 5 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 6 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 7 meanwhile meanwhile RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 10 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 12 Communist communist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 13 repression repression NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 15 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 17 1966–1980 1966–1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 20 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 23 1924–1990 1924–1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 27 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 28 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 29 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 31 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 32 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 34 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 36 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 37 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 38 improved improve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 39 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 40 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 42 80s 80 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 44 90s 90 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 762 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 2 619 619 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 7 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 8 1893 1893 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 10 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 12 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 14 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 15 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 16 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 19 encounters encounter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 21 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 22 travellers traveller NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 24 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 27 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 28 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 29 Xavier Xavier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 31 Ippolito Ippolito NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 32 Desideri Desideri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 34 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 35 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 37 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 38 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 40 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 42 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 43 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 44 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 45 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 46 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 48 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 49 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 51 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 52 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 763 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 4 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 6 pioneering pioneer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 7 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 10 Eugène Eugène NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 11 Burnouf Burnouf NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 13 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 14 Müller Müller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 16 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 17 Oldenberg Oldenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 19 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 20 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 21 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 22 Davids Davids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 24 paved pave VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 26 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 28 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 29 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 30 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 33 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 764 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 9 Boudhist Boudhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 13 Bauddhist Bauddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 18 coined coin VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 22 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 27 West,[620 West,[620 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 29 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 31 1881 1881 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 33 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 34 Davids Davids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 35 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 37 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 38 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 39 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 40 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 42 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 43 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 44 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 46 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 47 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 50 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 51 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 53 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 56 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 57 publisher publisher NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 59 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 60 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 61 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 62 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 63 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 765 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 2 621 621 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 9 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 12 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 14 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 16 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 18 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 20 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 22 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 24 arrive arrive VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 26 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 27 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 28 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 31 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 32 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 34 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 36 bringing bring VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 38 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 39 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 40 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 41 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 766 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 2 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 4 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 7 Westerners Westerners NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 9 formally formally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 10 convert convert VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 16 Helena Helena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 17 Blavatsky Blavatsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 19 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 20 Steel Steel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 21 Olcott Olcott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 767 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 2 622 622 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 5 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 6 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 9 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 14 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 17 1893 1893 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 18 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 19 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 21 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 26 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 27 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 28 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 29 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 31 publicized publicize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 32 speeches speech NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 34 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 35 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 36 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 37 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 38 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 39 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 40 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 768 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 2 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 3 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 4 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 6 prolific prolific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 11 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 13 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 14 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 18 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 19 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 21 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 23 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 26 Das Das NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 27 Buddhistische Buddhistische NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 28 Haus Haus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 30 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 33 Datsan Datsan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 34 Gunzechoinei Gunzechoinei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 36 St St NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 37 Petersburg Petersburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 769 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 2 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 4 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 9 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 11 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 12 accelerated accelerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 770 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 3 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 4 world world NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 5 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 7 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 8 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 10 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 12 globalisation globalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 15 secularisation secularisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 17 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 18 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 19 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 20 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 22 renewed renew VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 23 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 26 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 28 60s 60 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 29 counterculture counterculture JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 30 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 32 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 33 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 35 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 36 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 771 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 2 623 623 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 4 Influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 5 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 7 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 9 war war JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 10 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 12 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 13 Shunryu Shunryu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 14 Suzuki Suzuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 16 Jack Jack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 17 Kerouac Kerouac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 19 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 20 Watts Watts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 22 Thích Thích NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 23 Nhất Nhất NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 24 Hạnh Hạnh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 28 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 29 Dalai Dalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 30 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 772 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 3 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 5 grown grow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 10 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 11 premises premise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 17 cycles cycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 19 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 21 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 22 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 23 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 26 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 29 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 773 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 2 624][625][626 624][625][626 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 5 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 7 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 8 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 9 Gowans Gowans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 14 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 16 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 18 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 20 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 26 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 29 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 30 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 31 orientation orientation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 33 governed govern VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 35 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 37 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 39 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 774 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 2 627 627 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 5 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 7 laypersons layperson NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 9 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 10 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 11 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 14 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 15 pursued pursue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 16 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 17 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 19 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 20 seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 21 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 22 rebirth,[628 rebirth,[628 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 25 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 27 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 29 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 775 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 2 629 629 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 4 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 6 Bamiyan Bamiyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 8 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 10 1896 1896 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 12 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 15 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 16 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 18 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 21 Taliban Taliban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 22 Islamists Islamists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 776 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 2 630 630 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 6 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 7 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 9 world,[631][632 world,[631][632 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 15 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 16 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 18 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 19 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 777 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 5 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 8 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 10 exotic exotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 12 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 16 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 19 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 21 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 23 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 778 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 2 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 5 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 7 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 11 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 15 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 17 receives receive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 18 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 19 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 779 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 2 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 3 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 6 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 8 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 10 militants militant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 12 targeted target VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 13 violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 15 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 17 historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 18 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 19 monuments monument NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 780 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 2 633][634 633][634 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 4 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 7 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 11 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 12 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 15 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 18 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 19 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 22 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 781 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 2 635][636 635][636 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 6 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 10 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 12 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 13 depart depart VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 15 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 16 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 18 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 782 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 783 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 783 2 637 637 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 783 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 783 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 783 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 783 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 783 7 B.R. B.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 1 Ambedkar Ambedkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 2 launched launch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 4 Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 5 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 7 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 11 vehicle vehicle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 784 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 1 Ambedkar Ambedkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 4 rejects reject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 6 foundational foundational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 7 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 9 historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 10 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 12 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 13 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 15 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 16 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 20 monk monk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 21 lifestyle lifestyle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 22 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 23 renunciation renunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 25 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 27 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 29 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 31 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 33 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 35 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 36 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 37 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 39 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 785 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 2 638][639][640 638][639][640 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 4 Ambedkar Ambedkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 6 Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 8 considers consider VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 11 superstitions superstition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 13 re re NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 14 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 15 interprets interpret VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 17 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 20 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 21 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 22 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 24 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 25 struggle struggle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 27 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 28 equality equality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 786 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 2 641][642 641][642 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 4 Ambedkar Ambedkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 5 urged urge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 6 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 7 caste caste NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 8 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 9 Dalits Dalits NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 11 convert convert VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 14 Marxism Marxism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 16 inspired[640 inspired[640 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 18 reinterpretation reinterpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 19 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 21 Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 24 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 27 Bhimayana Bhimayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 28 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 787 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 1 Ambedkar Ambedkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 3 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 4 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 7 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 9 Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 12 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 788 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 2 643][641 643][641 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 5 Thai Thai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 6 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 7 Mongkut Mongkut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 9 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 10 1851–68 1851–68 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 15 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 16 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 17 Chulalongkorn Chulalongkorn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 19 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 20 1868–1910 1868–1910 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 24 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 26 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 27 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 29 Thai Thai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 30 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 789 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 2 644 644 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 6 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 7 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 8 Secular Secular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 12 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 14 Won Won NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 17 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 20 Dhammakaya Dhammakaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 21 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 23 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 25 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 26 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 27 organisations organisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 31 Shinnyo Shinnyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 33 en en NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 35 Risshō Risshō NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 36 Kōsei Kōsei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 37 Kai Kai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 39 Soka Soka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 40 Gakkai Gakkai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 790 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 4 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 6 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 7 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 8 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 10 strife strife NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 11 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 12 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 13 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 14 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 791 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 5 Dhammakaya Dhammakaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 6 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 8 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 9 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 12 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 13 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 15 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 18 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 19 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 20 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 21 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 23 heretically heretically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 24 denying deny VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 26 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 27 anatta anatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 31 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 33 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 35 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 792 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 2 645][646][647 645][646][647 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 4 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 5 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 7 misconduct misconduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 12 immune immune JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 14 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 15 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 17 misconduct misconduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 18 scandals scandal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 21 victims victim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 22 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 23 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 25 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 26 buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 27 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 28 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 30 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 32 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 793 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 2 648][649][650][651 648][649][650][651 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 4 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 5 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 7 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 8 cover cover NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 9 ups up NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 12 Catholic catholic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 13 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 16 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 18 happened happen VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 19 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 20 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 23 totally totally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 24 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 26 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 27 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 29 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 30 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 31 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 32 Finnigan Finnigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 35 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 37 journalist journalist NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 38 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 39 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 40 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 41 chronicling chronicle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 42 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 43 alleged allege VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 44 abuses abuse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 45 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 47 mid-80s mid-80 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 794 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 2 652 652 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 5 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 6 covered cover VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 7 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 9 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 11 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 12 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 13 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 15 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 17 Sogyal Sogyal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 18 Rinpoche Rinpoche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 20 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 22 1994,[653 1994,[653 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 25 end end VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 26 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 28 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 29 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 31 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 32 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 34 Rigpa Rigpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 36 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 37 director director NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 39 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 795 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 2 654 654 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 4 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 6 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 9 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 13 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 796 15 G.B. G.B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 1 Hooijer Hooijer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 3 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 4 1916–1919 1916–1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 6 reconstructing reconstruct VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 8 scene scene NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 10 Borobudur Borobudur NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 13 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 15 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 797 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 3 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 5 profound profound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 6 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 8 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 9 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 11 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 13 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 798 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 1 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 2 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 5 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 8 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 11 cuisine cuisine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 13 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 14 festivals festival NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 15 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 18 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 19 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 22 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 23 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 25 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 27 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 29 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 30 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 33 Sinosphere Sinosphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 34 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 35 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 38 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 39 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 42 Indosphere Indosphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 799 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 3 Litian Litian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 4 Fang Fang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 9 permeated permeate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 11 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 12 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 14 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 18 politics politics NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 20 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 22 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 24 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 26 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 28 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 32 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 33 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 34 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 800 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 2 655 655 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 5 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 6 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 8 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 11 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 13 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 16 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 17 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 18 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 19 Taoism Taoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 21 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 801 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 4 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 5 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 7 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 8 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 9 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 10 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 11 thinkers thinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 14 Adi Adi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 15 Shankara Shankara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 17 Patanjali Patanjali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 19 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 22 Yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 23 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 26 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 28 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 29 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 802 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 2 656][657 656][657 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 7 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 9 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 12 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 13 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 15 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 16 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 803 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 2 658 658 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 5 philosophers philosopher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 6 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 7 Dignaga Dignaga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 9 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 10 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 13 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 15 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 16 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 18 epistemology epistemology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 804 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 2 659 659 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 4 Buddhist buddhist VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 5 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 6 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 8 Nalanda Nalanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 10 Vikramashila Vikramashila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 11 preserved preserve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 12 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 13 disciplines discipline NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 15 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 16 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 17 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 20 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 22 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 24 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 25 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 26 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 28 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 805 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 2 660 660 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 4 Frontispiece Frontispiece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 7 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 8 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 9 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 12 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 14 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 15 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 16 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 19 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 20 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 22 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 24 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 26 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 27 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 29 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 30 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 33 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 35 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 36 housed house VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 37 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 39 educated educate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 41 populace populace NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 43 promoted promote VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 44 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 46 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 806 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 2 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 4 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 5 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 7 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 8 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 10 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 12 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 15 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 807 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 4 Steinberg Steinberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 7 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 8 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 9 observers observer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 10 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 12 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 15 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 16 literate literate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 19 Suez Suez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 21 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 25 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 26 traveler traveler NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 29 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 30 nineteenth nineteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 32 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 33 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 34 Burmese burmese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 35 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 36 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 38 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 39 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 41 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 42 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 43 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 44 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 808 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 3 661 661 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 6 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 11 forefront forefront NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 14 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 16 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 17 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 18 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 20 bookmaking bookmake VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 23 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 26 block block NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 27 printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 29 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 30 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 31 deployed deploy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 34 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 35 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 809 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 3 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 7 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 8 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 12 charm charm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 16 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 17 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 18 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 21 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 22 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 23 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 25 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 26 868 868 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 30 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 31 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 32 colored color VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 33 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 36 illustration illustration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 38 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 39 dated date VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 41 947 947 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 810 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 2 662 662 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 4 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 7 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 10 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 12 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 14 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 15 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 17 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 18 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 811 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 1 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 2 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 4 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 5 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 7 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 9 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 10 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 13 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 16 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 17 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 19 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 20 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 22 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 24 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 25 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 26 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 28 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 29 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 30 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 31 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 33 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 35 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 37 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 812 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 2 663 663 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 6 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 7 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 11 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 13 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 14 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 17 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 18 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 19 spirituality spirituality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 22 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 23 spiritualities spirituality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 813 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 2 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 7 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 9 Theosophists theosophist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 12 Helena Helena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 13 Blavatsky Blavatsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 21 Westerners Westerners NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 23 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 25 seriously seriously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 28 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 29 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 814 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 2 664 664 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 4 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 5 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 8 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 9 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 11 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 13 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 15 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 16 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 18 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 20 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 22 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 24 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 25 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 26 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 28 MBSR MBSR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 32 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 33 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 34 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 35 modalities modality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 815 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 2 665][666 665][666 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 9 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 13 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 15 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 16 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 18 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 19 psychoanalysis psychoanalysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 816 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 2 667][668 667][668 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 6 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 8 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 9 avant avant FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 11 garde garde JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 12 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 15 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 17 60s 60 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 19 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 20 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 21 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 22 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 23 Suzuki Suzuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 26 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 28 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 29 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 30 Jack Jack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 31 Kerouac Kerouac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 33 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 34 Ginsberg Ginsberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 817 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 2 669 669 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 4 Relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 7 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 8 Traditions Traditions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 9 Shamanism Shamanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 10 Shamanism Shamanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 13 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 14 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 16 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 17 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 818 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 1 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 2 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 4 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 5 existed exist VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 6 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 7 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 8 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 9 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 819 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 1 Lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 2 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 3 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 4 orthodoxy orthodoxy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 6 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 7 adapted adapt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 10 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 11 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 13 blending blend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 16 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 18 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 19 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 20 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 21 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 22 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 820 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 3 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 4 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 5 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 8 sects sect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 10 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 11 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 14 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 15 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 17 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 18 sacrifice sacrifice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 21 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 22 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 24 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 26 killing kill VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 27 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 29 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 821 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 4 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 5 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 7 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 10 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 11 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 14 cosmos cosmos NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 17 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 18 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 19 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 21 bestowed bestow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 23 inferior inferior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 24 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 822 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 2 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 4 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 6 Himalayan Himalayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 7 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 9 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 13 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 14 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 15 overlap overlap VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 18 respects respect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 21 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 23 localized localized JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 24 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 26 healing heal VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 27 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 29 exorcisms exorcism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 823 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 2 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 3 Gurung Gurung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 4 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 6 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 11 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 14 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 16 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 18 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 19 rites rite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 22 guiding guide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 24 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 26 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 27 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 824 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 1 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 2 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 3 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 4 Shamanic Shamanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 8 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 11 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 13 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 16 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 18 shamanic shamanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 24 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 25 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 26 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 29 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 30 mode mode NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 32 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 33 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 35 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 36 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 38 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 40 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 41 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 825 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 2 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 4 Demographics demographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 5 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 8 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 10 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 13 practised practise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 16 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 17 488 488 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 18 million,[5 million,[5 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 20 495 495 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 21 million,[671 million,[671 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 24 535 535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 25 million[672 million[672 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 27 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 31 2010s 2010 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 33 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 34 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 35 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 37 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 38 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 41 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 43 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 44 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 826 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 1 Percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 3 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 5 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 7 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 10 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 11 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 12 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 16 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 17 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 20 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 23 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 24 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 26 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 28 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 29 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 30 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 32 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 33 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 35 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 36 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 37 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 827 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 2 5][note 5][note CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 3 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 5 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 7 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 8 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 10 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 11 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 13 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 15 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 18 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 19 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 21 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 22 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 828 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 1 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 4 practised practise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 6 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 11 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 13 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 14 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 17 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 829 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 7 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 9 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 11 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 12 Harvey:[672 Harvey:[672 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 14 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 16 360 360 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 17 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 18 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 20 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 22 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 23 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 24 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 27 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 28 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 29 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 30 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 31 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 830 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 3 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 5 Grim Grim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 12 grown grow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 15 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 17 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 18 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 19 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 21 1910 1910 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 25 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 26 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 29 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 32 495 495 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 33 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 35 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 39 487 487 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 40 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 41 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 43 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 831 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 2 671 671 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 4 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 5 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 6 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 9 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 10 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 13 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 15 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 17 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 18 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 19 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 832 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 2 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 5 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 7 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 8 3.9 3.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 9 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 10 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 13 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 14 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 16 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 17 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 18 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 20 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 23 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 24 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 27 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 28 combined combined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 29 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 31 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 32 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 33 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 34 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 36 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 833 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 2 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 7 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 8 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 10 Bhutan,[675 Bhutan,[675 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 12 Myanmar,[675 Myanmar,[675 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 14 Cambodia,[675 Cambodia,[675 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 16 Tibet,[675 Tibet,[675 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 18 Laos,[675 Laos,[675 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 20 Mongolia,[675 Mongolia,[675 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 22 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 23 Lanka[675 Lanka[675 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 26 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 834 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 2 5][675 5][675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 4 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 6 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 7 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 9 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 11 18%),[675 18%),[675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 13 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 15 36%),[675 36%),[675 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 17 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 19 35%),[675 35%),[675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 21 Macau Macau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 23 17%),[675 17%),[675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 25 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 26 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 28 14%),[675 14%),[675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 30 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 32 11%),[675 11%),[675 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 34 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 36 10%),[675 10%),[675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 38 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 40 33%),[675 33%),[675 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 42 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 43 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 45 15%)[675 15%)[675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 48 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 49 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 51 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 52 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 835 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 2 675 675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 5 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 7 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 8 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 9 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 11 Tuva Tuva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 13 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 17 Kalmykia Kalmykia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 19 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 20 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 836 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 1 Buryatia Buryatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 4 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 7 Zabaykalsky Zabaykalsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 8 Krai Krai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 10 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 15 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 17 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 837 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 2 676 676 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 7 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 9 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 838 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 2 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 3 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 6 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 8 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 10 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 14 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 17 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 18 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 20 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 23 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 25 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 26 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 29 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 839 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 6 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 7 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 10 native native NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 12 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 13 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 15 whites white NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 17 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 840 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 2 677 677 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 6 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 8 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 9 25–35 25–35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 13 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 14 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 16 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 841 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 2 678][679 678][679 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 5 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 6 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 9 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 12 densities density NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 13 are:[674 are:[674 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 15 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 17 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 20 2010[update][674 2010[update][674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 22 Country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 23 Estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 24 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 26 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 29 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 31 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 32 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 34 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 35 13,690,000 13,690,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 36 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 37 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 38   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 39 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 40 64,420,000 64,420,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 41 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 42 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 44 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 45 38,410,000 38,410,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 46 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 47 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 49 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 50 563,000 563,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 51 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 52 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 53   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 54 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 55 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 56 14,450,000 14,450,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 57 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 58 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 59   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 60 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 61 4,092,000 4,092,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 62 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 63 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 64   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 65 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 66 1,521,000 1,521,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 67 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 68 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 69   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 70 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 71 45,820,000 45,820,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 72 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 73 84,653,000 84,653,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 74 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 75 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 76 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 77 67%[680 67%[680 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 78 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 80 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 81 1,726,000 1,726,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 82 33%[681 33%[681 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 83 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 84   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 85 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 86 4,946,000 4,946,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 87 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 88 8,000,000 8,000,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 89 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 90 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 91 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 92 35%[682 35%[682 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 93 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 94   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 95 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 96 244,130,000 244,130,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 97 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 98 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 99   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 100 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 101 7,955,207 7,955,207 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 102 0.8%[683 0.8%[683 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 103 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 104 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 105 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 106 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 107 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 108 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 109 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 110 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 111 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 112 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 113 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 114 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 115 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 116 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 117 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 118 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 119 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 120 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 121 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 122 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 123 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 124 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 125 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 126 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 127 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 128 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 129 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 130 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 131 Easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 132 confused confuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 133 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 134 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 135 Iconography Iconography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 136 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 137 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 138 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 139 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 140 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 141 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 142 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 143 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 144 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 145 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 146 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 147 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 148 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 149 Tengrism Tengrism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 150 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 151 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 152 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 153 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 154 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 155 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 156 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 157 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 158 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 159 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 160 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 161 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 162 Bhakti Bhakti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 163 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 164 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 165 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 166 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 167 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 168 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 169 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 170 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 171 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 172 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 173 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 174 Nonviolence Nonviolence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 175 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 176 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 177 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 178 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 179 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 180 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 181 Vaishnavism Vaishnavism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 182 Akriyavada Akriyavada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 183 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 184 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 185 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 186 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 187 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 188 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 189 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 190 Jataka Jataka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 191 tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 192 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 193 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 194 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 195 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 196 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 197 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 198 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 199 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 200 biographies biography NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 201 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 202 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 203 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 204 Buddhacarita Buddhacarita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 205 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 206 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 207 Lokottaravādin Lokottaravādin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 208 Mahāvastu Mahāvastu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 209 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 210 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 211 Sarvāstivādin Sarvāstivādin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 212 Lalitavistara Lalitavistara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 213 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 214 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 215 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 216 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 217 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 218 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 219 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 220 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 221 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 222 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 223 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 224 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 225 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 226 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 227 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 228 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 229 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 230 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 231 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 232 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 233 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 234 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 235 add add VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 236 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 237 embellishments embellishment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 842 238 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 2 20][21 20][21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 4 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 6 Prebish prebish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 10 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 12 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 14 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 15 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 17 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 18 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 19 486 486 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 21 483 483 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 22 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 26 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 28 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 31 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 33 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 35 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 36 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 37 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 38 rest rest VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 39 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 40 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 42 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 43 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 44 flimsy flimsy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 843 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 4 Scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 6 hesitant hesitant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 8 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 9 unqualified unqualified JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 10 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 11 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 13 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 14 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 17 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 19 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 844 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 2 accept accept VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 5 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 7 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 9 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 11 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 12 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 15 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 17 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 18 accept accept VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 22 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 23 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 26 biographies biography NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 845 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 3 23][24][25][26 23][24][25][26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 7 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 8 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 11 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 12 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 14 unclear unclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 846 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 2 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 3 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 8 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 9 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 847 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 2 Bihar bihar NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 4 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 6 Vihara Vihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 9 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 10 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 848 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 5 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 6 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 8 Buddha'a Buddha'a NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 9 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 11 contested contest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 13 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 14 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 849 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 6 assert assert VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 8 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 9 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 10 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 13 kshatriya kshatriya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 15 warrior warrior NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 16 class class NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 20 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 21 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 23 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 26 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 28 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 30 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 33 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 35 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 36 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 37 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 38 knew know VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 40 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 41 kshatriya kshatriya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 850 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 4 Mahavira Mahavira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 6 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 7 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 8 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 9 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 10 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 11 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 13 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 14 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 18 claimed claim VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 21 ksatriya ksatriya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 25 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 851 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 1 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 4 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 6 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 7 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 10 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 12 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 17 urbanisation urbanisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 19 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 20 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 24 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 25 nobles noble NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 27 prospering prosper VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 28 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 29 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 31 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 33 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 34 surplus surplus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 36 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 38 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 40 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 852 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 6 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 8 biographies biography NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 12 mention mention VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 14 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 16 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 17 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 853 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 3 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 8 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 11 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 12 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 14 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 17 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 19 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 21 raise raise VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 22 doubts doubt NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 25 historicity historicity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 27 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 28 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 854 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 2 36][38 36][38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 6 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 7 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 10 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 11 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 13 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 14 studied study VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 15 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 16 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 17 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 19 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 20 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 24 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 25 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 27 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 28 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 32 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 34 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 35 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 36 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 37 unclear unclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 855 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 2 36][39 36][39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 6 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 7 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 8 traces trace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 10 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 13 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 14 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 15 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 17 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 18 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 21 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 22 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 24 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 25 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 26 revers rever VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 28 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 30 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 32 derivative derivative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 33 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 35 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 38 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 39 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 40 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 42 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 43 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 44 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 45 traceable traceable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 48 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 49 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 50 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 52 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 53 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 54 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 55 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 56 closer close JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 57 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 59 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 61 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 62 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 64 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 66 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 69 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 71 traceable traceable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 72 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 74 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 75 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 76 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 856 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 2 50][51 50][51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 6 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 8 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 10 redeath redeath NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 12 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 13 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 14 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 17 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 18 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 20 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 22 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 25 impermanent impermanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 857 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 1 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 3 attaining attain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 4 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 7 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 8 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 11 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 13 dies die VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 17 reborn reborn VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 18 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 20 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 23 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 24 impersonal impersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 25 causal causal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 26 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 28 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 30 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 31 karma karma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 858 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 2 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 3 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 5 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 7 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 10 redeath redeath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 13 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 859 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 3 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 6 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 8 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 11 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 15 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 16 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 17 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 19 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 21 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 23 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 24 correlate correlate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 26 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 27 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 29 rendered render VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 30 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 33 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 35 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 36 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 38 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 41 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 42 Punarjanman Punarjanman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 44 lit lit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 860 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 2 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 3 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 7 Punabhavan Punabhavan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 9 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 861 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 2 re re VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 3 - - VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 4 becoming becoming NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 10 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 11 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 14 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 15 PUNARMRTYU PUNARMRTYU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 17 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 862 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 863 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 863 2 redeath redeath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 863 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 863 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 863 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 3 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 5 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 7 Perry Perry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 8 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 10 Leukel Leukel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 12 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 864 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 1 32–34,[57 32–34,[57 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 5 Makransky Makransky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 7 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 865 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 866 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 866 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 9 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 11 redeath redeath NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 867 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 3 Agatigati Agatigati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 5 Agati Agati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 6 gati gati NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 8 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 10 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 12 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 15 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 16 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 18 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 19 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 21 redeath redeath NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 22 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 24 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 25 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 26 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 28 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 29 dictionary dictionary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 868 31 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 869 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 869 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 1 94–95 94–95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 3 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 4 Davids Davids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 6 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 7 Stede Stede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 9 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 10 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 11 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 13 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 14 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 16 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 18 re re JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 19 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 20 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 21 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 870 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 5 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 6 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 9 Siddhartha Siddhartha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 10 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 11 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 13 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 15 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 20 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 871 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 2 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 7 dharma dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 13 summarized summarize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 16 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 17 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 18 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 872 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 3 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 5 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 6 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 13 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 14 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 15 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 17 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 19 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 21 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 22 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 24 set set VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 25 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 28 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 30 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 32 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 873 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 3 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 5 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 8 63][64][65][55][66][61][67][web 63][64][65][55][66][61][67][web NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 9 1][web 1][web CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 13 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 14 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 15 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 17 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 19 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 20 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 21 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 23 liberating liberate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 25 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 874 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 6 reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 9 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 10 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 875 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 6 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 7 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 12 stated state VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 16 sermon sermon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 19 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 20 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 21 absolute absolute JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 23 intuitive intuitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 24 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 27 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 28 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 30 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 31 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 32 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 33 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 35 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 37 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 38 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 876 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 3 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 4 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 7 Maha Maha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 9 parinibbana parinibbana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 10 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 12 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 15 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 877 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 2 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 5 Carol Carol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 6 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 10 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 11 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 12 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 14 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 15 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 16 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 19 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 21 pitaka pitaka NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 24 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 27 Mahaparinibbana Mahaparinibbana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 29 sutta sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 31 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 32 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 33 90–91 90–91 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 878 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 5 explains explain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 11 understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 13 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 14 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 16 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 17 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 879 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 3 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 7 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 9 moksha moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 11 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 13 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 15 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 16 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 17 Olivelle Olivelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 20 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 21 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 880 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 2 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 6 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 7 opposite opposite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 9 sukha sukha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 12 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 17 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 18 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 21 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 881 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 3 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 6 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 7 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 12 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 15 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 16 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 17 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 18 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 20 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 21 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 882 23 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 1 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 2 Sucitta Sucitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 6 harvp harvp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 7 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 10 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 12 CITEREFAjahn_Sucitta2010 CITEREFAjahn_Sucitta2010 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 14 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 17 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 18 Sumedho Sumedho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 20 ebook)[full ebook)[full NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 21 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 22 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 25 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 27 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 29 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 30 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 883 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 2 Ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 3 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 6 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 7 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 11 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 12 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 13 Truth Truth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 15 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 884 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 2 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 3 tells tell VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 4 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 7 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 9 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 11 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 16 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 885 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 1 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 5 blowing blow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 6 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 9 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 12 candle candle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 13 flame flame NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 15 extinguished extinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 18 wind wind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 21 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 22 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 24 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 886 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 2 connotes connote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 4 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 6 rebirth"[61 rebirth"[61 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 8 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 9 Spiro spiro NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 13 Buddhis Buddhis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 14 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 15 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 18 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 19 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 20 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 24 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 26 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 27 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 887 29 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 1 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 2 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 5 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 7 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 8 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 9 unsatisfied unsatisfied JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 10 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 11 produces produce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 12 frustration frustration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 888 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 2 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 3 contain contain VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 4 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 6 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 9 sure sure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 13 importantly importantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 17 eschatological eschatological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 18 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 889 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 1 Desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 4 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 6 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 7 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 8 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 11 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 13 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 17 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 19 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 20 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 22 deliverance deliverance VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 24 suffering suffer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 25 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 27 signals signal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 28 release release VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 31 Wheel Wheel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 33 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 890 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 3 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 8 Makransky Makransky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 12 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 13 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 14 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 16 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 18 nirodha nirodha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 21 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 23 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 25 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 26 aim aim NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 28 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 29 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 32 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 33 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 36 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 37 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 40 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 41 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 42 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 43 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 891 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 1 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 4 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 6 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 8 attained attain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 11 supramundane supramundane NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 12 yogic yogic NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 13 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 14 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 16 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 892 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 2 represented represent VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 3 salvation salvation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 5 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 6 precisely precisely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 7 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 10 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 12 comprise comprise VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 14 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 16 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 17 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 20 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 22 samsaric samsaric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 23 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 25 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 27 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 29 precisely precisely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 30 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 31 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 33 unconditioned unconditioned JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 35 asamskrta asamskrta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 893 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 3 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 5 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 6 Walpola Walpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 7 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 10 Let let VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 11 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 12 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 14 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 15 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 17 descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 19 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 21 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 24 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 25 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 26 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 27 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 28 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 30 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 31 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 34 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 35 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 37 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 38 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 39 thirst thirst NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 41 tanha tanha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 44 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 45 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 46 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 48 renouncing renounce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 49 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 51 emancipation emancipation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 52 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 53 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 55 detachment detachment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 56 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 57 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 894 59 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 4 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 6 abandoning abandoning JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 8 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 10 craving crave VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 13 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 14 Aggregates Aggregates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 16 Attachment Attachment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 18 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 21 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 23 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 895 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 4 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 6 Cessation Cessation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 8 Continuity Continuity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 10 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 12 Bhavanirodha Bhavanirodha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 15 Nibbana Nibbana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 896 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 1 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 2 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 4 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 7 Earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 10 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 13 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 14 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 16 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 17 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 20 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 22 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 23 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 26 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 27 realm realm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 29 demi demi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 31 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 32 realm realm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 33 constitute constitute VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 35 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 36 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 897 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 6 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 7 gaining gaining NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 12 behalf behalf NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 14 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 16 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 17 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 898 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 2 102][103][104 102][103][104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 6 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 10 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 12 reborn reborn VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 13 are:[107][108][subnote are:[107][108][subnote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 14 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 16 Naraka Naraka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 18 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 19 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 23 suffer suffer VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 27 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 28 Narakas Narakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 30 Hells Hells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 33 Preta Preta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 35 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 36 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 37 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 38 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 40 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 42 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 43 invisible invisible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 45 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 46 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 47 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 48 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 50 hungry hungry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 51 ghost;[109 ghost;[109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 52 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 53 Tiryag tiryag JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 55 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 57 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 58 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 59 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 60 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 61 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 62 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 63 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 64 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 65 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 66 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 67 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 68 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 69 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 70 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 72 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 73 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 74 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 75 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 76 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 77 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 78 hellish hellish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 79 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 80 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 81 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 82 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 83 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 84 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 85 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 86 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 87 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 88 impulse impulse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 89 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 90 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 91 prey prey VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 92 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 93 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 94 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 95 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 96 suffer suffer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 899 97 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 4 Manusya Manusya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 7 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 13 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 15 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 18 attaining attain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 19 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 21 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 23 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 24 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 26 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 27 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 29 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 30 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 32 fortunate fortunate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 35 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 37 end end VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 39 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 40 Samsara Samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 42 associated associate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 43 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 900 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 2 111][112 111][112 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 4 Asuras Asuras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 6 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 7 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 9 lowly lowly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 10 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 12 demi demi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 14 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 16 demons demon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 18 titans titan NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 21 anti anti NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 22 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 23 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 24 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 25 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 27 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 28 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 30 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 33 heavenly heavenly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 34 realm;[113 realm;[113 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 36 Devas Devas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 37 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 38 Brahmās Brahmās NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 40 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 41 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 43 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 45 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 47 angels angel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 49 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 50 heavenly heavenly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 51 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 901 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 2 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 3 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 6 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 7 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 9 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 10 pursued pursue VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 12 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 14 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 15 motivated motivate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 17 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 20 Deva Deva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 21 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 902 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 2 111][114][115 111][114][115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 5 Diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 7 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 8 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 11 disruptive disruptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 12 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 15 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 17 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 19 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 21 karma karma JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 22 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 903 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 6 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 8 intent intent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 11 marks mark VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 13 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 16 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 17 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 19 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 20 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 21 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 22 accumulates accumulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 25 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 26 intent intent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 904 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 2 124][125 124][125 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 5 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 7 intent intent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 10 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 12 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 18 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 19 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 20 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 22 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 905 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 2 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 6 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 7 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 10 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 13 quid quid NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 15 pro pro NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 17 quo quo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 18 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 19 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 22 Hindu hindu JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 23 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 24 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 906 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 2 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 6 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 7 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 8 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 10 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 13 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 16 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 18 later late JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 19 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 21 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 22 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 24 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 26 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 29 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 31 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 32 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 34 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 36 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 37 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 907 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 2 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 6 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 7 Reichenbach Reichenbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 11 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 12 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 14 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 16 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 17 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 19 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 22 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 23 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 24 emerged emerge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 27 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 29 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 30 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 32 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 33 adds add VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 35 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 36 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 37 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 38 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 39 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 41 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 43 Advaita Advaita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 44 Vedanta Vedanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 46 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 47 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 48 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 49 believe believe VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 51 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 52 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 54 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 55 bhakti bhakti VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 56 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 57 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 58 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 59 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 61 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 62 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 63 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 64 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 908 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 2 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 5 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 6 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 11 condensed condense VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 14 eightfold eightfold NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 16 tenfold tenfold JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 17 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 19 starts start VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 22 Tathagatha Tathagatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 23 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 909 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 2 layman layman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 3 hears hear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 5 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 7 decides decide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 9 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 11 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 14 householder householder NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 16 starts start VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 17 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 18 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 21 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 22 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 24 guards guard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 26 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 28 doors door NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 30 practises practise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 31 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 34 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 35 jhanas jhana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 37 gains gain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 39 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 40 knowledges knowledge NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 42 understands understand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 44 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 45 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 46 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 48 destroys destroy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 50 taints taint NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 53 perceives perceive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 54 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 55 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 56 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 57 liberated liberated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 910 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 7 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 9 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 10 link link VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 12 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 15 emptiness emptiness JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 18 shunyata shunyata NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 21 Anatta Anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 23 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 911 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 2 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 3 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 5 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 6 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 8 Keat Keat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 9 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 13 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 15 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 20 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 23 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 25 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 26 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 28 emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 29 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 30 second second LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 34 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 35 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 37 anatta anatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 39 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 40 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 43 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 45 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 47 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 48 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 50 third third RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 54 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 55 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 57 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 58 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 59 realisation realisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 61 emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 63 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 64 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 65 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 66 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 67 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 68 cycles cycle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 70 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 912 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 2 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 5 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 6 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 9 Cousins Cousins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 11 Sangharakshita Sangharakshita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 12 translate translate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 13 apranaihita apranaihita NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 16 aimlessness aimlessness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 18 directionless directionless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 20 ness ness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 913 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 2 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 5 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 6 descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 8 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 11 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 13 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 14 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 15 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 18 contested contest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 20 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 21 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 22 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 26 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 27 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 30 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 33 stopped stop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 34 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 36 blown blow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 37 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 40 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 41 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 42 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 44 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 45 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 46 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 47 existent existent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 52 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 53 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 54 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 55 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 56 imagine imagine VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 57 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 58 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 59 devoid devoid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 61 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 62 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 63 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 64 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 65 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 66 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 914 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 2 155][156 155][156 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 5 Scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 6 note note VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 8 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 9 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 12 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 17 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 18 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 21 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 22 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 24 lay lay NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 25 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 915 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 2 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 3 attempt attempt VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 4 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 5 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 6 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 8 good good NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 9 kamma kamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 916 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 2 114][115 114][115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 4 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 5 Wayman Wayman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 7 Wayman Wayman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 9 disagreed disagree VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 12 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 16 state state VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 19 Tathagatagarbha Tathagatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 21 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 22 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 23 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 24 sentient sentient NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 25 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 27 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 28 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 30 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 31 personality personality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 917 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 2 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 6 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 8 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 9 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 12 sangha sangha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 14 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 17 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 18 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 19 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 20 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 21 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 24 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 25 reciting recite VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 27 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 29 Word Word NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 30 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 33 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 34 commonplace commonplace JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 35 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 38 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 39 prohibited prohibit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 40 foods food NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 41 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 43 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 45 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 47 cheese cheese NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 49 onions onion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 51 garlic garlic NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 53 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 54 fat fat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 55 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 56 abstain abstain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 57 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 58 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 59 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 60 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 61 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 62 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 63 sensual sensual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 64 thoughts thought NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 65 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 66 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 918 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 2 291 291 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 5 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 6 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 8 Frauwallner Frauwallner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 10 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 14 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 16 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 17 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 18 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 19 Upanishads upanishad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 21 Hinduism hinduism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 22 describe describe VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 23 yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 25 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 28 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 30 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 919 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 2 316][317][318 316][317][318 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 6 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 7 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 8 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 12 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 13 immeasurables immeasurable NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 17 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 18 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 22 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 23 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 26 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 28 quieting quieting NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 30 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 920 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 2 354 354 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 6 scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 7 Digha Digha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 8 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 9 II.251 II.251 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 10 asserts assert VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 12 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 15 calling call VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 17 Brahmavihara Brahmavihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 20 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 21 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 25 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 26 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 27 contrasts contrast VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 31 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 32 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 921 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 2 354 354 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 5 Tillmann Tillmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 6 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 9 Very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 10 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 12 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 15 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 16 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 19 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 21 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 22 spiritual spiritual NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 23 environment·which environment·which NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 24 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 26 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 27 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 29 released release VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 30 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 32 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 33 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 35 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 36 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 922 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 4 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 7 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 8 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 9 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 11 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 13 discriminating discriminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 14 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 16 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 17 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 20 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 23 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 24 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 25 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 27 seemed seem VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 29 conform conform VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 30 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 31 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 34 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 923 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 3 386 386 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 5 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 7 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 10 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 12 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 16 mainstream mainstream NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 18 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 21 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 24 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 26 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 27 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 28 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 31 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 34 cessation cessation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 36 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 37 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 39 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 40 liberating liberate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 42 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 43 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 44 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 45 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 46 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 47 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 48 stopped stop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 924 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 2 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 5 postulate postulate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 7 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 8 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 11 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 12 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 14 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 17 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 925 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 2 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 3 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 5 unchangeable unchangeable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 8 unaffected unaffected JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 10 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 926 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 2 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 3 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 5 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 7 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 9 liberated liberate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 927 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 2 equal equal VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 4 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 6 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 8 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 9 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 10 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 14 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 15 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 17 equally equally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 18 liberating liberating JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 928 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 2 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 4 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 7 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 8 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 10 varied vary VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 11 along along RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 13 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 15 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 16 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 17 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 20 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 23 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 929 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 3 385 385 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 6 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 8 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 9 state state VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 13 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 14 originated originate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 18 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 21 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 22 state state VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 26 incorrect incorrect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 28 anachronistic anachronistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 30 regard regard VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 32 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 35 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 36 reformer reformer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 930 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 2 464 464 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 6 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 10 reform reform VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 11 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 13 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 14 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 16 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 17 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 18 forever forever RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 22 reform reform VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 24 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 25 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 26 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 27 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 28 preached preach VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 29 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 30 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 31 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 931 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 1 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 4 quoted quote VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 6 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 7 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 932 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 2 464][465 464][465 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 6 Digha Digha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 7 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 9 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 10 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 12 Samyutta Samyutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 13 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 15 Anguttara Anguttara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 16 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 17 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 19 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 20 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 23 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 25 Sarvastivada Sarvastivada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 27 Mulasarvastivada Mulasarvastivada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 29 Mahīśāsaka Mahīśāsaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 31 Dharmaguptaka Dharmaguptaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 33 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 34 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 933 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 2 485][486 485][486 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 5 Exemplary Exemplary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 9 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 11 descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 14 liberating liberating JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 15 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 18 Lambert Lambert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 19 Schmithausen,[488 Schmithausen,[488 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 22 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 27 Tilmann Tilmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 28 Vetter,[141 Vetter,[141 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 29 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 31 philological philological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 32 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 35 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 36 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 934 38 K.R. K.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 1 Norman,[489 norman,[489 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 4 textual textual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 7 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 8 Gombrich,[490 Gombrich,[490 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 12 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 14 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 15 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 16 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 18 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 19 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 935 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 2 491 491 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 5 Well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 8 proponents proponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 12 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 14 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 15 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 16 Warder[subnote warder[subnote CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 17 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 20 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 21 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 936 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 2 494][subnote 494][subnote CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 7 proponent proponent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 10 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 11 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 13 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 14 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 937 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 2 subnote subnote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 6 Well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 9 proponents proponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 12 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 13 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 938 15 J.W. J.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 1 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 2 Jong,[496][subnote Jong,[496][subnote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 5 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 6 Bronkhorst[subnote bronkhorst[subnote CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 7 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 10 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 11 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 939 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 2 subnote subnote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 10 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 13 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 15 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 16 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 19 situating situate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 21 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 24 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 25 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 27 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 30 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 31 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 33 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 34 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 35 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 36 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 37 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 39 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 40 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 42 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 940 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 1 Already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 4 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 5 quarter quarter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 8 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 10 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 15 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 17 seemingly seemingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 18 idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 19 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 21 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 22 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 23 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 24 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 26 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 27 Erik Erik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 28 Zürcher Zürcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 29 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 30 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 31 broken break VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 32 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 33 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 36 Indoscythian Indoscythian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 38 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 39 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 40 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 41 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 42 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 43 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 45 Lokaksema Lokaksema NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 941 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 3 534 534 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 8 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 11 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 14 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 15 vigorously vigorously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 16 creative creative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 18 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 19 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 20 Sutras Sutras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 22 Warder[536 warder[536 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 24 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 25 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 26 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 28 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 31 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 32 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 36 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 37 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 40 Hou Hou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 41 Hanshu Hanshu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 44 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 45 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 48 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 50 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 942 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 2 555 555 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 5 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 7 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 10 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 12 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 15 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 17 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 943 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 1 1–2 1–2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 3 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 4 identifies identifie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 7 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 8 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 13 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 17 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 18 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 20 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 21 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 23 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 25 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 26 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 28 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 29 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 30 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 33 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 34 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 35 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 36 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 38 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 40 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 43 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 44 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 45 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 46 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 48 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 50 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 52 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 55 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 57 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 58 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 59 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 60 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 61 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 62 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 63 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 64 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 65 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 66 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 67 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 71 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 73 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 74 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 75 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 76 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 78 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 79 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 80 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 81 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 82 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 83 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 84 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 85 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 86 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 944 87 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 3 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 5 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 7 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 9 divide divide VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 11 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 14 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 16 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 17 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 19 entitled entitle VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 24 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 25 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 29 pertains pertain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 31 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 32 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 34 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 39 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 40 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 42 entitled entitle VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 45 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 47 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 48 Outside Outside NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 50 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 53 chapters chapter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 54 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 56 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 57 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 59 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 60 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 61 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 63 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 64 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 65 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 67 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 68 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 69 Area Area NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 70 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 72 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 73 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 74 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 75 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 76 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 77 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 78 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 79 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 80 Comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 81 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 82 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 83 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 84 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 85 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 86 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 87 Living Living NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 88 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 89 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 90 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 92 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 93 279 279 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 94 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 95 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 96 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 97 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 99 Introducing Introducing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 100 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 102 ebook ebook NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 104 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 105 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 106 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 107 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 108 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 109 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 110 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 111 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 112 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 113 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 114 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 116 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 945 117 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 946 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 946 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 946 3 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 2 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 3 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 4 dimensional dimensional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 5 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 7 Eliade Eliade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 8 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 9 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 947 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 948 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 948 2 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 948 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 948 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 948 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 948 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 1 440ff 440ff JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 2 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 4 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 6 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 9 contested contested JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 949 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 1 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 2 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 5 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 6 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 8 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 10 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 12 surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 14 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 950 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 3 Katharina Katharina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 4 Wenzel Wenzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 6 Teuber Teuber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 9 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 11 government government JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 12 surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 15 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 16 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 18 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 20 claimed claim VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 21 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 22 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 23 believers believer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 24 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 26 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 28 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 29 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 30 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 31 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 33 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 35 believing believe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 37 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 38 reincarnation reincarnation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 40 heaven heaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 42 hell hell NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 45 supernatural supernatural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 46 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 951 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 3 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 4 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 5 atheists atheist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 6 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 7 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 10 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 11 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 12 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 15 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 17 surveyed survey VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 952 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 3 673 673 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 5 Subnotes Subnotes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 8 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 10 rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 14 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 15 subdivided subdivide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 17 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 18 planes plane NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 20 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 953 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 2 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 5 Rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 10 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 11 heavens heaven NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 16 Śuddhāvāsa śuddhāvāsa JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 17 Worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 19 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 20 Abodes Abodes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 22 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 24 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 27 skilled skilled JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 28 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 29 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 30 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 32 anāgāmis anāgāmis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 34 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 35 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 36 returners returner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 954 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 1 Rebirths rebirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 4 Ārūpyadhātu Ārūpyadhātu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 6 formless formless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 7 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 11 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 13 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 14 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 17 meditate meditate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 20 arūpajhānas arūpajhāna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 23 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 24 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 26 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 955 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 956 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 956 2 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 956 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 956 4 A.K. A.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 1 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 5 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 6 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 8 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 14 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 15 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 16 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 18 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 19 kernel kernel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 20 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 22 drawn draw VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 23 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 957 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 2 486 486 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 6 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 8 c.q c.q NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 958 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 1 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 2 publisher publisher NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 6 kernel kernel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 8 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 10 presumably presumably RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 11 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 16 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 18 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 19 schisms schism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 22 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 24 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 25 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 26 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 959 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 4 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 9 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 10 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 12 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 17 proved prove VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 21 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 26 presupposed presuppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 29 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 31 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 32 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 34 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 35 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 36 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 38 parinirvana parinirvana NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 41 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 44 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 46 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 47 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 49 suggest suggest VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 50 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 51 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 52 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 53 formulated formulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 54 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 55 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 56 else else RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 57 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 59 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 61 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 62 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 63 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 960 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 3 493 493 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 6 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 7 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 10 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 13 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 14 difficulty difficulty NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 16 accepting accept VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 19 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 20 edifice edifice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 24 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 27 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 28 genius genius NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 961 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 4 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 5 edifice edifice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 8 mean mean VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 10 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 13 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 14 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 16 sermons sermon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 19 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 20 Nikāyas Nikāyas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 25 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 26 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 28 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 29 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 962 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 3 490 490 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 6 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 7 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 10 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 11 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 12 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 13 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 15 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 18 rough rough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 19 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 21 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 22 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 24 disputed)(sic disputed)(sic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 28 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 29 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 30 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 32 disputed)(sic disputed)(sic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 34 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 36 transmitted transmit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 38 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 39 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 40 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 41 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 43 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 45 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 46 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 49 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 50 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 51 scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 52 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 53 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 55 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 58 historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 59 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 963 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 964 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 964 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 964 3 495 495 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 964 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 964 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 964 6 J.W. J.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 1 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 2 Jong Jong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 5 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 6 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 8 hypocritical hypocritical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 10 assert assert VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 12 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 15 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 18 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 20 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 23 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 26 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 27 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 30 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 33 canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 34 writings writing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 35 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 36 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 37 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 38 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 39 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 40 proclaimed proclaim VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 42 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 43 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 45 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 48 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 50 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 52 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 53 disciples disciple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 56 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 58 codified codify VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 60 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 61 formulas formula NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 965 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 3 496 496 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 6 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 9 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 10 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 14 preferred prefer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 17 ii ii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 20 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 21 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 22 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 24 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 25 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 27 seek seek VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 28 nay nay NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 29 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 31 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 32 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 33 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 34 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 36 guaranteed guarantee VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 966 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 3 497 497 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 6 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 10 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 11 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 14 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 17 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 18 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 20 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 22 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 25 recover recover VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 27 reconstruct reconstruct VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 967 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 3 498 498 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 5 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 7 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 9 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 968 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 969 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 969 2 Roach Roach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 969 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 969 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 969 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 969 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 970 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 970 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 970 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 970 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 970 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 971 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 971 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 971 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 971 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 972 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 972 2 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 972 3 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 972 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 7 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 8 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 9 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 10 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 11 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 973 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 2 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 9 239 239 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 974 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 6 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 7 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 9 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 11 2012a 2012a CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 975 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 3 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 6 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 7 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 9 Personal Personal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 10 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 976 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 977 1 gordonconwell.edu gordonconwell.edu NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 977 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 978 1 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 978 2 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 978 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 9 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 10 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 11 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 979 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 980 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 980 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 980 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 980 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 980 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 2 Donner Donner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 4 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 5 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 981 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 2 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 4 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 5 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 7 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 9 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 10 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 15 Postmodern Postmodern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 16 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 982 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 983 1 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 983 2 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 983 3 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 983 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 983 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 983 6 Work Work NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 983 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 984 1 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 984 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 984 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 984 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 984 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 984 6 215–227 215–227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 984 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 985 1 doi:10.1080/00377317.2010.486361 doi:10.1080/00377317.2010.486361 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 985 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 986 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 986 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 986 3 143672653 143672653 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 986 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 987 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 987 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 987 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 987 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 987 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 988 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 989 1 27–28 27–28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 989 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 989 3 73–74 73–74 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 989 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 9 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 990 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 2 Powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 991 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 992 1 392–393 392–393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 992 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 992 3 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 992 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 4 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 993 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 994 1 275ff 275ff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 994 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 2 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 4 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 11 xx xx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 995 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 4 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 7 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 9 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 996 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 997 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 997 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 997 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 997 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 998 1 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 998 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 998 3 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 998 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 999 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 999 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 999 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 999 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1000 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1000 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1000 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1000 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 7 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 9 05779 05779 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1001 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 2 Powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1002 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1003 1 26–27 26–27 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1003 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 3 Candles candle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 6 Dark Dark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 9 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 10 Spirit Spirit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 13 Plural Plural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 17 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 18 Sundberg Sundberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 19 Baudot Baudot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 22 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 24 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 25 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 26 X. X. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 27 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 29 Kathleen Kathleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 30 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 31 Nadeau Nadeau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 33 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1004 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 1 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 3 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 5 Folklore Folklore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 7 Folklife Folklife NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1005 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1006 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1006 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1006 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1006 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1007 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1007 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1007 3 504 504 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1007 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 9 35066 35066 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 14 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 18 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 20 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 21 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 22 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 26 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 28 Sikhism Sikhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 29 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 30 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 32 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 35 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 37 Brahmanic Brahmanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 38 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 39 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 40 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 42 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 43 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 44 Gonda Gonda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 46 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 49 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 50 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 52 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 53 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 54 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 55 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 57 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 59 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 61 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 63 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 64 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 66 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 67 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 69 Editor editor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 70 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 71 Lindsay Lindsay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 72 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 74 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 75 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 77 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 78   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 79 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 80 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 81 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 82 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 83 865740 865740 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 84 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 85 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 87 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 88 4428 4428 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 89 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1008 90 K.T.S. K.T.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 1 Sarao Sarao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 3 Jefferey Jefferey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 4 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1009 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 3 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 4 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 8 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1010 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1011 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1011 2 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1011 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 5 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 7 024 024 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 9 0851 0851 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 14 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 19 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 22 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 25 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 27 Hinduism hinduism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 29 constitute constitute VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 31 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 32 pillars pillar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 34 Indic indic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 35 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 36 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 38 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 39 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 40 formulation formulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1012 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1013 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1014 1 7–8 7–8 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1014 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1015 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1016 1 ix ix IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1016 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1016 3 xi xi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1016 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 4 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1017 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1018 1 13–14 13–14 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1018 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 2 Swearer Swearer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 9 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1019 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1020 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1021 1 15–24 15–24 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1021 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 4 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 6 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1022 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1023 1 105–106 105–106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1023 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 9 352 352 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1024 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 2 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 4 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 9 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1025 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 2 Carrithers carrither NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 4 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 9 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1026 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 2 Armstrong Armstrong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 9 xii xii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1027 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 4 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 6 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 11 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1028 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 2 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1029 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1030 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1030 2 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1030 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1030 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1030 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1031 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1031 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1032 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1032 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1033 1 16–29 16–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1033 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 9 20121 20121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1034 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1035 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1036 1 49–50 49–50 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1036 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 9 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1037 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1038 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1039 1 50–51 50–51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1039 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1040 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1041 1 18–19 18–19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1041 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1041 3 50–51 50–51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1041 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1042 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1042 2 Kurt Kurt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1042 3 Tropper Tropper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1042 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1042 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1042 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1042 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1043 1 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1043 2 Inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1043 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1044 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1044 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1044 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1045 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1045 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1046 1 60–61 60–61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1046 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1046 3 footnotes footnote NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1046 4 134–136 134–136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1046 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 9 25241 25241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1047 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1048 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1048 2 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1048 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1048 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1048 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1048 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 2 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 6 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 8 nikāya nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 9 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 10 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 12 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 14 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 16 Discourses Discourses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 17 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 19 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 23 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1049 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 2 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 6 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1050 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 2 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 5 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1051 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1052 1 JOCBS JOCBS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1052 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1053 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1053 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1053 3 98–148 98–148 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1053 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 5 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1054 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1055 1 8–23 8–23 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1055 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1056 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1056 2 Hajime Hajime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1056 3 Nakamura Nakamura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1056 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1056 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1056 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1056 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 1 Gotama Gotama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 2 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 5 Biography Biography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 6 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 9 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 10 Reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 11 Texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1057 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1058 1 Kosei Kosei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1058 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1059 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1059 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1060 1 127–129 127–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1060 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 7 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 9 01893 01893 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1061 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1062 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1063 1 19–32 19–32 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1063 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1064 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1065 1 22–26 22–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1065 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 4 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1066 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 3 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 4 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 7 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 9 nikāya nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 10 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 13 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 15 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 17 Discourses Discourses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 18 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 20 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 24 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 25 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1067 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1068 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1069 1 233–237 233–237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1069 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 2 Schuhmacher Schuhmacher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 4 Woener Woener NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 6 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 11 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1070 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1071 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1072 1 49–51 49–51 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1072 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 9 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1073 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 4 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1074 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1075 1 54–55 54–55 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1075 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1076 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1076 2 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1076 3 Crandall Crandall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1076 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1076 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1076 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1076 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 1 Gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 3 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 5 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1077 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1078 1 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1078 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1078 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1079 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1079 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1080 1 56–58 56–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1080 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 7 4411 4411 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 9 4871 4871 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1081 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 5 Tipitaka Tipitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 6 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 7 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 12 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 13 LeVine LeVine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 15 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 16 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 17 Gellner Gellner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 19 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1082 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1083 1 Rebuilding rebuild VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1083 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1083 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1084 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1084 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1084 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1084 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1085 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1085 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1086 1 1–19 1–19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1086 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 7 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 9 04012 04012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1087 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1088 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1089 1 1–5 1–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1089 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1090 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1091 1 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1091 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1091 3 49–58 49–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1091 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1091 5 253–271 253–271 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1091 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 4 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1092 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1093 1 1–25 1–25 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1093 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 2 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 4 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 5 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 7 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 9 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1094 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 1 Hyecho Hyecho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 3 Journey Journey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1095 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1096 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1096 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1096 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1096 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1096 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1097 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1097 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1097 3 XIV XIV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1097 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 9 51806 51806 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1098 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 5 Nyanatiloka Nyanatiloka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 7 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 12 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1099 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 4 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 11 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1100 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 6 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1101 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1102 1 74–75 74–75 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1102 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 4 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 11 708 708 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1103 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 2 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 4 Leukel Leukel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1104 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1105 1 32–34 32–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 2 Makransky Makransky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 9 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1106 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 2 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 3 Davids Davids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 5 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 6 Stede Stede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 8 Warder warder NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 10 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1107 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1108 1 45–46 45–46 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1108 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 5 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 7 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1109 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 5 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 12 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1110 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 4 Spiro Spiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 11 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1111 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 2 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1112 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1113 1 xxi xxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1113 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1113 3 xxxi xxxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1113 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1113 5 xxxii xxxii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1113 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 4 Makransky Makransky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1114 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1115 1 27–28 27–28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1115 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 4 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 11 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1116 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 2 Kingsland Kingsland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 9 286 286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1117 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 4 Carter Carter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 6 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 11 3179 3179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1118 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1119 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1119 2 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1119 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1119 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1119 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1119 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 2 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 9 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 11 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 12 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 15 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 16 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 17 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1120 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1121 1 1–3 1–3 XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 1121 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 2 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1122 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1123 1 26–31 26–31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1123 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 4 2005a 2005a CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 9 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 11 Quote quote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 14 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 15 phenomenal phenomenal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 16 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 22 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 24 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 25 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 26 interlocking interlock VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 27 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 29 impermanence impermanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 31 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 33 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 35 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 37 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1124 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 2 Anatta Anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 5 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 6 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 11 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 14 Christmas Christmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 15 Humphreys Humphreys NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 17 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1125 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1126 1 Exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1126 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1126 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1127 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1127 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1128 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1128 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1129 1 42–43 42–43 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1129 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 9 22877 22877 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1130 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 2 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 4 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 6 2005a 2005a NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 10 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 13 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 17 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 19 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 21 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 23 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 25 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 26 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 28 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 29 abiding abide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 30 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1131 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 2 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 5 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 6 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 7 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 9 anatta anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 11 vada vada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 14 expounded expound VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 17 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 18 sermon sermon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1132 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 3 a a LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 5 Anatta Anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 7 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 8 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 10 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 13 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 16 Anatta Anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 21 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 26 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 27 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 28 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 30 underlying underlying JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 31 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1133 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 2 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 4 anatta anatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 7 anatman anatman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 11 departure departure NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 14 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 15 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 17 atman atman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 21 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1134 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 4 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 6 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 7 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 9 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 12 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 14 Practical Practical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 15 Reason Reason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 17 Editors Editors NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 19 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 20 Reynolds Reynolds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 22 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 23 Tracy Tracy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 26 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 27 Univ Univ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 29 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 30 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 31 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 33 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 35 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 37 0791422175 0791422175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 39 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 40 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 43 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 45 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 46 soteriology soteriology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 47 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 49 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 51 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 53 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 55 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 56 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 57 anattā anattā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 59 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 60 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 61 anātman anātman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 64 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 65 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 67 ātman ātman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 68 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 69 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 70 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 71 Brahmanical brahmanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 72 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1135 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 1 Put put VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 2 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 3 briefly briefly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 11 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 13 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 14 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 16 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 17 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 19 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 20 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 22 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 23 unchanging unchanging JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 24 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1136 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 7 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 8 Plott Plott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 9 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 10 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1137 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 5 Global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 8 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 11 Axial Axial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 12 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 14 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 15 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 17 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 18 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 20 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 22 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 24 8120801585 8120801585 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 27 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 29 Quote Quote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 33 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 34 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 35 reject reject VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 36 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 37 Ātman Ātman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 38 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1138 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 2 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 4 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 5 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 10 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 12 ineradicable ineradicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 13 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 15 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 21 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 23 Katie Katie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 24 Javanaud Javanaud NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 26 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 29 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 31 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 32 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 33 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 35 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 36 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 37 Doctrine Doctrine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 38 Compatible Compatible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 39 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 40 Pursuing pursue VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 41 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 42 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 44 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 45 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 46 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 47 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 48 e e LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 50 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 51 Loy Loy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 53 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 56 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 57 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 59 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 61 Advaita Advaita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 62 Vedanta Vedanta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 63 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 64 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 65 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 67 Moksha Moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 69 Same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1139 70 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 3 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 4 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 5 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 8 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 10 Issue Issue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1140 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 1 65–74 65–74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 3 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 4 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1141 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 1 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 3 Anthropology Anthropology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 6 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1142 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1143 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1143 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1143 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1143 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1144 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1144 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1144 3 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1144 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 9 85241 85241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 14 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 18 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 20 anatta anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 23 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 25 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 26 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 27 self self JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 32 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 33 empiricist empiricist NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 34 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 36 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 39 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 42 unchanging unchanging JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 43 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 44 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 47 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 49 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 50 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 51 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1145 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 3 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 4 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 7 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 8 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 9 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 12 skandhas skandha NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 14 heaps heap NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 17 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 19 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 21 perceptions perception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 23 impulses impulse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 25 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1146 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 2 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 5 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 7 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 12 skandhas skandha NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 15 illusory illusory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 18 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 20 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1147 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 3 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 4 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 6 Cristina Cristina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 7 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 8 Scherrer Scherrer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 10 Schaub Schaub NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1148 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1149 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1149 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1149 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1150 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1150 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1150 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1151 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1151 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1152 1 209–210 209–210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1152 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 9 3248 3248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1153 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 2 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 3 Hoffman Hoffman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 5 Deegalle Deegalle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 6 Mahinda Mahinda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1154 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1155 1 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1155 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1155 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1156 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1156 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1157 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1157 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1158 1 162–165 162–165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1158 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 9 78553 78553 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1159 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 4 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1160 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1161 1 791–809 791–809 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1161 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 9 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1162 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 2 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 3 Sucitto Sucitto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 8 Kindle Kindle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 9 loc loc NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1163 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1164 1 943–946 943–946 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1164 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1165 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1165 2 Brazier Brazier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1165 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1165 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1165 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1165 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 2 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 10 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 12 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1166 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 2 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1167 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1168 1 904–923 904–923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1168 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 9 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1169 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 4 Bucknell Bucknell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 6 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1170 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 2 Klostermaier Klostermaier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 9 604 604 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1171 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 5 Juergensmeyer Juergensmeyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 7 Roof Roof NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1172 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1173 1 271–272 271–272 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1173 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 2 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 9 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 11 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 14 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 15 shares share NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 17 Hinduism hinduism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 19 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 21 Samsara Samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 23 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 24 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 25 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 26 pass pass VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 27 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 29 unceasing uncease VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 30 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 32 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 34 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 36 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 37 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 39 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 41 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 43 liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 44 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 46 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1174 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 4 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 6 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 8 rejecting reject VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 10 assertion assertion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 12 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 13 human human NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 14 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 15 possesses possess VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 17 changeless changeless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 18 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 20 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 23 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 24 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 25 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 29 transmigrates transmigrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 31 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 32 incarnation incarnation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 35 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 36 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 37 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 39 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 40 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 42 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1175 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 2 McClelland McClelland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1176 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1177 1 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1177 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1177 3 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1177 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 4 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 6 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1178 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1179 1 18–19 18–19 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1179 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1179 3 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1179 4 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1179 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 2 Conze Conze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 9 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 11 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 14 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 17 raison raison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 18 d'être d'être NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 24 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 25 justification justification NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1180 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 9 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1181 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1182 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1183 1 711–712 711–712 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1183 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 4 Gimello Gimello NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1184 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1185 1 7–8 7–8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1185 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1185 3 83–84 83–84 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1185 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 2 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1186 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 1 28–29 28–29 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 3 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 6 Seeing seeing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 8 passati passati RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 11 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 13 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 15 impermanent impermanent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 16 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 19 removal removal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 22 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 24 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 27 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 30 realisation realisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 32 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1187 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 2 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1188 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1189 1 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1189 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1189 3 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1189 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 9 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1190 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1191 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1191 2 Oliver Oliver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1191 3 Leaman Leaman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1191 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1191 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1191 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1191 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1192 1 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1192 2 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1192 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1192 4 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1192 5 Readings Readings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1192 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1193 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1193 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1194 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1194 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1195 1 23–27 23–27 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1195 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 9 68919 68919 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1196 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 5 Christmas Christmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 6 Humphreys Humphreys NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1197 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1198 1 Exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1198 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1198 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1199 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1199 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1200 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1200 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1201 1 42–43 42–43 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1201 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 9 22877 22877 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1202 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 2 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 4 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 5 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1203 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 1 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 3 Anthropology Anthropology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 6 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1204 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1205 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1205 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1205 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1205 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1206 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1206 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1206 3 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1206 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 9 85241 85241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 14 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 18 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 20 anatta anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 23 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 25 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 26 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 27 self self JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 32 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 33 empiricist empiricist NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 34 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 36 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 39 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 42 unchanging unchanging JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 43 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 44 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 47 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 49 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 50 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 51 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1207 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 3 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 4 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 7 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 8 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 9 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 12 skandhas skandha NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 14 heaps heap NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 17 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 19 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 21 perceptions perception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 23 impulses impulse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 25 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1208 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 2 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 5 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 7 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 12 skandhas skandha NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 15 illusory illusory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 18 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 20 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1209 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 2 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 4 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 6 2005a 2005a NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 10 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 13 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 17 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 19 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 21 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 23 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 25 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 26 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 28 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 29 abiding abide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 30 essence essence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1210 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 2 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 5 soul soul NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 6 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 7 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 9 anatta anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 11 vada vada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 14 expounded expound VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 17 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 18 sermon sermon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1211 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 6 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 8 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 10 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1212 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1213 1 708–709 708–709 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1213 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 4 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 5 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 6 Neufeldt Neufeldt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 8 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1214 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 1 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 3 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 5 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 6 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 7 Developments Developments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1215 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1216 1 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1216 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1216 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1216 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1216 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1216 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1216 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1217 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1217 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1218 1 123–131 123–131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1218 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 7 87395 87395 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 9 990 990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1219 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 2 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 4 Swatos Swatos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 6 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 7 Kivisto Kivisto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 9 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1220 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1221 1 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1221 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1221 3 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1221 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1221 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1221 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1222 1 Rowman Rowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1222 2 Altamira Altamira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1222 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1223 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1223 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1223 3 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1223 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 7 7619 7619 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 9 8956 8956 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1224 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 9 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1225 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 9 711 711 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1226 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 2 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1227 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1228 1 60–63 60–63 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1228 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 4 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1229 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1230 1 36–38 36–38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1230 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 9 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1231 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 4 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 11 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1232 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 5 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 12 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1233 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 4 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1234 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1235 1 36–37 36–37 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1235 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 2 Bareau Bareau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 4 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1236 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1237 1 212–223 212–223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1237 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 4 Gowans Gowans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 11 169 169 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1238 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 4 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 11 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 12 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 15 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 17 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 18 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 20 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 22 Theravadin theravadin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 23 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 25 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 28 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 30 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 32 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 34 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 35 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 38 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 40 gaining gain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 42 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 43 merit merit NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 46 hope hope NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 48 accumulating accumulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 49 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 50 karma karma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 51 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 53 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 54 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1239 56 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 4 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 6 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 8 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1240 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1241 1 49–50 49–50 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1241 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1241 3 708–709 708–709 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1241 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 2 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 4 gliṅ gliṅ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 6 pa pa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 8 Chogyam Chogyam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 9 Trungpa Trungpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 11 Francesca Francesca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 12 Fremantle Fremantle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 14 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1242 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 2 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 3 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 6 Dead Dead NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 9 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 10 Liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 11 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 12 Hearing hearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 15 Bardo Bardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1243 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1244 1 Shambhala Shambhala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1244 2 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1244 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1245 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1245 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1246 1 xi xi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1246 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1246 3 xvii xvii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1246 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1246 5 xxiii xxiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1246 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 7 57062 57062 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 9 747 747 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1247 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 9 377 377 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1248 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 10 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 12 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1249 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1250 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1251 1 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1251 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1251 3 32–34 32–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1251 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 2 Kasulis Kasulis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1252 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1253 1 1–12 1–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1253 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 7 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1254 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1255 1 40–41 40–41 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1255 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 2 Krishan Krishan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1256 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1257 1 59–78 59–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1257 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 9 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1258 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 2 Krishan Krishan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1259 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1260 1 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1260 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1260 3 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1260 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 2 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 3 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 4 McClelland McClelland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1261 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1262 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1262 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1262 3 Reincarnation Reincarnation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1262 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1262 5 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1262 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1263 1 McFarland McFarland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1263 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1264 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1264 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1264 3 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1264 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 7 7864 7864 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 9 5675 5675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1265 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 2 Spiro Spiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 4 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 9 430 430 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 11 footnote footnote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1266 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1267 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1267 2 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1267 3 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1267 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1267 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1267 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1267 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 1 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 2 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 3 Neufeldt Neufeldt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1268 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 1 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 3 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 5 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 6 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 7 Developments Developments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1269 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1270 1 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1270 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1270 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1270 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1270 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1270 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1270 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1271 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1271 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1271 3 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1271 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 7 87395 87395 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 9 990 990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1272 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 2 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1273 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1274 1 239–248 239–248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1274 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 4 Naomi Naomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 5 Appleton Appleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1275 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 1 Narrating Narrating NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 2 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 4 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 8 Jain Jain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 9 Multi Multi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 10 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 11 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 12 Stories Stories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1276 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1277 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1277 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1277 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1277 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1278 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1278 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1279 1 129–131 129–131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1279 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 7 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 9 91640 91640 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1280 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 4 Spiro Spiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1281 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1282 1 124–128 124–128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1282 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1283 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1284 1 45–46 45–46 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1284 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1285 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1285 2 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1285 3 Egge Egge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1285 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1285 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1285 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1285 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 1 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 2 Giving Giving NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 5 Invention Invention NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 7 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 9 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1286 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1287 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1287 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1288 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1288 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1289 1 31–34 31–34 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1289 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 9 85922 85922 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1290 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1291 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1291 2 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1291 3 Reichenbach Reichenbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1291 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1291 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1291 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1291 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 4 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 7 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 8 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1292 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1293 1 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1293 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1293 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1294 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1294 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1295 1 152–155 152–155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1295 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 7 349 349 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 9 11899 11899 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1296 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 4 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 6 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 8 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1297 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1298 1 589–590 589–590 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1298 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1299 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1300 1 135–177 135–177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1300 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1300 3 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1300 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1300 5 443 443 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1300 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 2 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 9 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1301 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 2 Fuller Fuller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1302 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1303 1 55–56 55–56 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1303 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 7 CITEREFFuller2005 CITEREFFuller2005 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 12 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 13 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 15 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1304 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 1 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 3 Concept Concept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 5 Imagery Imagery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 7 Narrative Narrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1305 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1306 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1306 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1306 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1306 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1307 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1307 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 1 33–34 33–34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 3 47–50 47–50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 5 63–64 63–64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 7 74–75 74–75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 9 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1308 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 9 88198 88198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1309 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 2 Cousins Cousins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1310 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 6 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 8 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1311 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 9 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1312 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1313 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1313 2 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1313 3 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1313 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1313 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1313 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1313 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 1 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 3 Concept Concept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 5 Imagery Imagery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 7 Narrative Narrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1314 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1315 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1315 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1315 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1315 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1316 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1316 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1316 3 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1316 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 9 88198 88198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 14 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 17 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 18 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 19 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 20 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 21 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 23 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 24 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 27 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 31 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1317 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 1 Eternal eternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 2 salvation salvation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 5 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 7 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 12 conceived conceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 16 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 17 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 19 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 21 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 22 got get VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 25 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 26 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 31 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 33 redeath redeath NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 35 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 38 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 40 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 42 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1318 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 2 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 3 aim aim NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 6 timeless timeless NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 9 moksha moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 14 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 15 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 22 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 25 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1319 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1320 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1320 2 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1320 3 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1320 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1320 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1320 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1320 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 1 Selfless selfless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 2 Persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 4 Imagery Imagery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 6 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 8 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1321 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1322 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1322 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1322 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1322 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1323 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1323 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1324 1 82–84 82–84 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1324 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 9 39726 39726 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1325 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1326 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1326 2 Ray Ray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1326 3 Billington Billington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1326 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1326 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1326 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1326 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1327 1 Understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1327 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1327 3 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1327 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1328 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1328 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1329 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1329 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1330 1 58–60 58–60 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1330 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 9 79348 79348 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1331 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1332 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1332 2 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1332 3 Loy Loy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1332 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1332 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1332 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1332 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 1 Awareness Awareness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 2 Bound Bound NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 4 Unbound Unbound NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 7 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1333 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1334 1 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1334 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1334 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1334 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1334 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1334 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1334 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1335 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1335 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1336 1 35–39 35–39 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1336 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 7 4384 4384 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 9 2680 2680 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1337 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 2 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 4 Keat Keat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 5 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1338 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 2 Notion Notion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 4 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1339 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1340 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1340 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1340 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1341 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1341 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1342 1 1–4 1–4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1342 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1342 3 85–88 85–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1342 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 9 1649 1649 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1343 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1344 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1344 2 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1344 3 Lusthaus Lusthaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1344 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1344 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1344 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1344 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1345 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1345 2 Phenomenology Phenomenology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1345 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1346 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1346 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 3 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 5 footnotes footnote NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 6 2–3 2–3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1347 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1348 1 266–267 266–267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1348 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 7 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 9 97343 97343 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1349 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 4 2005b 2005b CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 9 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 11 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 12 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1350 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1351 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1352 1 191–233 191–233 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1352 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1353 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1353 2 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1353 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1353 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1353 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1353 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1353 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 2 Selfless selfless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 3 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 5 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 7 Consciousness Consciousness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 9 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1354 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1355 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1355 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1356 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1356 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1357 1 198–226 198–226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1357 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 9 78336 78336 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1358 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 2 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 4 Keat Keat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 5 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1359 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 2 Notion Notion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 4 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1360 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1361 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1361 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1361 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1362 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1362 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1363 1 21–22 21–22 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1363 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 9 1649 1649 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1364 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1365 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1365 2 Gananath Gananath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1365 3 Obeyesekere Obeyesekere NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1365 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1365 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1365 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1365 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 2 Awakened Awakened NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 3 Ones Ones NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 5 Phenomenology phenomenology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 7 Visionary Visionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 8 Experience Experience NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1366 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1367 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1367 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1367 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1367 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1368 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1368 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1369 1 145–146 145–146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1369 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 9 15362 15362 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1370 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1371 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1371 2 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1371 3 Conze Conze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1371 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1371 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1371 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1371 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1372 1 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1372 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1372 3 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1372 4 Essence Essence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1372 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1372 6 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1372 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1373 1 Courier Courier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1373 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1374 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1374 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1375 1 125–137 125–137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1375 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 7 486 486 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 9 17023 17023 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1376 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1377 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1378 1 75–76 75–76 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1378 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1379 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1380 1 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1380 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1380 3 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1380 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 2 Coogan Coogan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 9 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1381 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 9 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1382 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 3 Bowker Bowker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 7 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 10 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 12 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 15 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 19 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 21 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 23 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 25 213965 213965 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 26 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 27 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 28 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 29 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 31 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 36 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 38 Quote Quote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 40 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 42 Mahatanhasankhaya Mahatanhasankhaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 43 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 45 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 46 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 47 stresses stress NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 48 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 49 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 50 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 51 originate originate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 53 dependence dependence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 54 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 55 causal causal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 56 conditioning conditioning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 59 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 60 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 61 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 62 causality causality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 63 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 65 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 66 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 68 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 69 ontology ontology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1383 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 2 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 4 samsara samsara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 5 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 8 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 10 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 11 relative relative NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 14 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 16 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 17 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 19 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 20 Neville Neville NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 22 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1384 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1385 1 Jeremiah Jeremiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1385 2 Hackett Hackett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1385 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1385 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1385 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1385 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1385 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 1 Philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 3 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 7 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 9 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 11 Honor Honor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 13 Eugene Eugene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 14 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 15 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1386 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1387 1 Jerald Jerald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1387 2 Wallulis Wallulis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1387 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1388 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1388 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1389 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1389 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1389 3 257 257 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1389 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 7 4020 4020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 9 2073 2073 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 14 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 20 ontological ontological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 21 hypotheses hypothesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 24 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 26 reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 27 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 28 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 29 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 31 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 33 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 34 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 35 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 36 reduce reduce VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 39 relativities relativity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 41 pratitya pratitya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 42 samutpada samutpada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1390 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 3 ontological ontological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 4 hypothesese hypothesese NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 5 deny deny NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 9 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 10 ontologically ontologically RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 11 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 12 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 13 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 15 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 17 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 20 Dao Dao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 23 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 24 transcendent transcendent NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 25 creative creative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 26 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 28 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1391 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1392 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1393 1 153–155 153–155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1393 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1394 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1394 2 Guy Guy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1394 3 Debrock Debrock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1394 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1394 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1394 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1394 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 1 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 2 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 3 Scheurer Scheurer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1395 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1396 1 Newton Newton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1396 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1396 3 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1396 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1396 5 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1396 6 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1396 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1397 1 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1397 2 Debrock Debrock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1397 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1398 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1398 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1399 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1399 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1399 3 376 376 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1399 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1399 5 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1399 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1399 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 5 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 7 009 009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 9 2809 2809 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1400 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 2 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 4 Kalupahana Kalupahana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 6 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1401 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 1 Causality causality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 4 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 5 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1402 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1403 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1403 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1403 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1403 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1403 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1404 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1404 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1405 1 54–60 54–60 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1405 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 7 8248 8248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 9 0298 0298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1406 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1407 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1407 2 Genjun Genjun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1407 3 Sasaki Sasaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1407 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1407 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1407 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1407 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1408 1 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1408 2 Approach Approach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1408 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1408 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1408 5 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1408 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1409 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1409 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1409 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1410 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1410 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1411 1 67–69 67–69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1411 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 9 0038 0038 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1412 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1413 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1414 1 151–152 151–152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1414 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1415 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1416 1 65–72 65–72 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1416 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 2 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1417 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1418 1 51–66 51–66 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1418 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 9 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 11 Quote Quote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 15 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 16 concrete concrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 17 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 20 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 21 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 28 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 30 conditioned condition VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 31 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 33 nidanas nidanas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 36 culminating culminate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 39 arising arising NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 41 dukkha dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1419 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 7 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 9 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 11 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 13 conditionality conditionality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 16 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 17 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 19 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 21 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 23 arise arise VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 25 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 26 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 29 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 31 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 32 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 35 cease cease VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 36 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 38 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 39 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 40 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 42 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 44 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 45 Nibbana Nibbana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 47 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 48 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1420 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 2 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 3 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 4 complements complement VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 6 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 9 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 11 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 12 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 15 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1421 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 9 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1422 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 2 Siderits Siderits NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1423 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 4 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 8 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 9 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 10 Shi Shi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 11 Huifeng Huifeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 13 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 15 Illusion Illusion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 18 Prajñāpāramitā Prajñāpāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 19 Creation Creation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1424 20 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 2 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 4 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 8 Cognitive Cognitive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 9 Metaphor Metaphor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 11 Fo Fo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 12 Guang Guang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 13 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 15 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 18 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 20 Vol.2 Vol.2 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 22 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1425 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 2 Ronkin Ronkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 4 Noa Noa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1426 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 3 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 4 Metaphysics metaphysic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 7 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 10 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 11 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 14 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1427 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1428 1 RoutledgeCurzon RoutledgeCurzon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1428 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 2 Lindtner Lindtner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 9 324 324 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1429 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1430 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1431 1 244–245 244–245 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1431 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 4 Crosby Crosby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 6 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1432 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 2 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 5 Continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 7 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 10 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 14 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1433 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1434 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1434 2 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1434 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1434 4 Sons Sons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1434 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1435 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1436 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1436 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1436 3 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1436 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 2 Crosby Crosby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 4 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1437 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 2 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 5 Continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 7 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 10 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 14 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1438 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1439 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1439 2 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1439 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1439 4 Sons Sons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1439 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 9 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1440 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 9 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1441 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 4 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 11 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1442 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 9 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1443 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 9 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1444 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 3 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 7 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 8 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 10 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 11 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1445 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 9 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1446 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1447 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1448 1 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1448 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1448 3 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1448 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 9 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1449 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 9 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1450 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 9 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1451 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 3 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 6 Triple triple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 7 Gem Gem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1452 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1453 1 www.accesstoinsight.org www.accesstoinsight.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1453 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 11 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 15 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 17 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 18 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 19 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 20 Kindle Kindle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 21 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 22 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 23 Snelling Snelling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 25 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 27 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 31 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 32 handbook handbook VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1454 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 2 Complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 3 Guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 6 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 8 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1455 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1456 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1456 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1456 3 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1456 4 Paperbacks Paperbacks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1456 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 5 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 6 Drewes Drewes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 8 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 10 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 11 Sūtras Sūtras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 13 Opening Opening NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 16 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 17 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 19 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 20 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 23 XVIII xviii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 25 IABS IABS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 26 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 28 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 29 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 31 Updated Updated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 32 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1457 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 9 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1458 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1459 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1460 1 195–196 195–196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1460 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1461 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1462 1 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1462 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1462 3 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1462 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 2 Siderits Siderits NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 8 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 10 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 13 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1463 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 2 Gold Gold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 4 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 7 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1464 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1465 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1465 2 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1465 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1465 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 2 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 3 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 4 Zalta Zalta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1466 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 2 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 5 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 6 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 8 Summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 9 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 10 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1467 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 9 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1468 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 9 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1469 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 2 Brunnholzl Brunnholzl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 4 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 6 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 8 Clouds Clouds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 9 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 12 Uttaratantra Uttaratantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 14 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 15 Meditative Meditative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 16 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 19 Bridge Bridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 21 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 23 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 25 Snow Snow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 26 Lion Lion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 28 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 29 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 30 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 32 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 34 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 35 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1470 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1471 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 1 104–105 104–105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 3 108–109 108–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 5 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 8 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 10 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 12 Mahaparinirvana Mahaparinirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 13 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 15 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 19 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 21 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 23 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 26 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 28 win win VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 29 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 30 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 31 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 32 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 33 ascetics ascetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1472 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 2 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1473 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 1 101–102 101–102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 2 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 5 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 9 tathagatagarbha tathagatagarbha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 10 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 15 Mahaparinirvana Mahaparinirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 16 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 17 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 18 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 21 atman atman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 23 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 25 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 27 careful careful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 29 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 31 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1474 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 2 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 5 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 6 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 9 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 10 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 14 anatta anatta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1475 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 4 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 7 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 8 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 9 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 11 atman atman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 14 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 15 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 16 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 18 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 20 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 22 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 23 blurred blur VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 26 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 28 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 29 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 30 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 33 synonymous synonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1476 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1477 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1477 2 Suzuki Suzuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1477 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1477 4 D.T. D.T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 2 1956 1956 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 6 Lankavatara Lankavatara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 7 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1478 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1479 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1479 2 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1479 3 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1479 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 5 Kegan Kegan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 6 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 8 p.69 p.69 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 9 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 10 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 15 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 17 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1480 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 2 Hookham Hookham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 4 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 9 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1481 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1482 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1483 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1483 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1483 3 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1483 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1484 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1485 1 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1485 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1485 3 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1485 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 9 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1486 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 4 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 11 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 13 antagrahadrsti antagrahadrsti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1487 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 2 Carole Carole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 3 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 8 Pain Pain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 11 Ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 13 p.143 p.143 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 14 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 16 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 17 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 18 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 19 Bucknell Bucknell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 21 Rod Rod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 25 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 26 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 28 Liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 30 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 31 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 34 Listing listing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 36 Stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 39 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 40 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 43 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 44 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 46 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 47 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 48 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 49 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 51 Number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 52 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 54 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 55 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 56 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 58 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 61 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1488 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1489 1 xiii xiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1489 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1489 3 xiv xiv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1489 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 2 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 3 Sucitto Sucitto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1490 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1491 1 87–88 87–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1491 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1492 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1493 1 81–83 81–83 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1493 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 2 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1494 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1495 1 64–65 64–65 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1495 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1496 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1497 1 253–255 253–255 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1497 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1498 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1499 1 1–13 1–13 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1499 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 7 CITEREFBodhi2010 CITEREFBodhi2010 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 12 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 14 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 15 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 16 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 18 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 23 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1500 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 8 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 10 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1501 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1502 1 12–13 12–13 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1502 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 5 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1503 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1504 1 83–85 83–85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1504 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1505 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1506 1 47–48 47–48 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1506 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 7 CITEREFBodhi2010 CITEREFBodhi2010 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 11 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 13 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 14 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 15 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 16 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 18 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1507 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1508 1 83–84 83–84 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1508 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 4 Gowans Gowans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 11 440 440 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1509 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1510 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1510 2 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1510 3 Powell Powell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1510 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1510 5 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1510 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1510 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1511 1 Living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1511 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1511 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1512 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1512 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1512 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1512 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1512 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1513 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1513 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1513 3 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1513 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 9 20410 20410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1514 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 2 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 4 Weddle Weddle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1515 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 1 Miracles miracle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 3 Wonder Wonder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 5 Meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 8 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1516 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1517 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1517 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1517 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1517 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1517 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1518 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1518 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1518 3 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1518 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 7 8147 8147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 9 9483 9483 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1519 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 2 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1520 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1521 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1522 1 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1522 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1522 3 273–274 273–274 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1522 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1523 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1523 2 Martine Martine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1523 3 Batchelor Batchelor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1523 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1523 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1523 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1523 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1524 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1524 2 Spirit Spirit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1524 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1524 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1524 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1524 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1525 1 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1525 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1525 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1525 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1526 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1526 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1526 3 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1526 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 9 17500 17500 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 14 Quote quote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 17 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 18 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 19 trades trade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 21 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 22 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 24 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 25 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 27 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 28 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 31 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 32 follower follower NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 34 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 36 weapons weapon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 38 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 40 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 41 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 43 trading trade VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 45 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 47 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 49 intoxicants intoxicant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 51 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 53 poison poison NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1527 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 11 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1528 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 2 Roderick Roderick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 3 Bucknell Bucknell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 5 Chris Chris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 6 Kang Kang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1529 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 2 Meditative Meditative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 3 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 5 Readings reading NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 8 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 10 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 13 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1530 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1531 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1531 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1532 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1532 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1533 1 12–13 12–13 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1533 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 9 80408 80408 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1534 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 2 Crosby Crosby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 4 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1535 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 2 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 5 Continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 7 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 10 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 14 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 15 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 16 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 18 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 19 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 20 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 21 Sons Sons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1536 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 7 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 10 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 12 Henepola Henepola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 13 Gunaratana Gunaratana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 15 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1537 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 2 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 3 Mindful mindful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 4 Steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 6 Happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 8 Walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 12 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 15 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 17 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1538 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 2 Shankman Shankman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1539 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 3 Experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 5 Samadhi Samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 8 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 10 depth depth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 11 Exploration Exploration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 14 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 18 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1540 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1541 1 Shambhala Shambhala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1541 2 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1541 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1542 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1542 2 Mahasi Mahasi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1542 3 Sayadaw Sayadaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1542 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1542 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1542 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1542 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 3 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 5 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 8 Treatise Treatise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 10 Satipatthana Satipatthana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 11 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 15 vii vii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 17 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 18 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 20 Nyanatiloka Nyanatiloka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 21 Thera Thera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 23 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1543 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 3 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 5 Path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 7 Deliverance deliverance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 10 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 11 Exposition exposition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 14 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 17 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 18 Piṭaka Piṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 22 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1544 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1545 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1545 2 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1545 3 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1545 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 4 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1546 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1547 1 137–138 137–138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1547 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1547 3 142–146 142–146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1547 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 2 Gyatso Gyatso NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 4 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1548 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 2 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 9 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1549 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 9 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1550 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 2 Conze Conze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 9 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1551 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 4 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 6 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 8 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 13 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1552 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 2 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1553 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1554 1 142–152 142–152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1554 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 5 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 7 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 9 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1555 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1556 1 101–102 101–102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1556 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1557 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1558 1 631–632 631–632 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1558 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 4 Watanabe Watanabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 6 Chikafumi Chikafumi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 12 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 14 Mahayanasamgraha Mahayanasamgraha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 15 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 18 Relation Relation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 20 Practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 21 Theories Theories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 23 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 24 Theories Theories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1559 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 1 Ph.D. Ph.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 2 dissertation dissertation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 7 Calgary Calgary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1560 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1561 1 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1561 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1561 3 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1561 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 2 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1562 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1563 1 151–154 151–154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1563 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 5 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 12 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1564 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 5 Shōhei Shōhei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 6 Ichimura Ichimura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1565 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 2 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 3 Spirituality spirituality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 5 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 7 Śūnyatā Śūnyatā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1566 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1567 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1567 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1567 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1568 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1568 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1569 1 28–29 28–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1569 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1569 3 footnotes footnotes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1569 4 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1569 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1569 6 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1569 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 9 1798 1798 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1570 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 2 Gyatso Gyatso NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 4 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1571 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1572 1 4–12 4–12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1572 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 9 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1573 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 4 Kōgen Kōgen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 5 Mizuno Mizuno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 7 Gaynor Gaynor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 8 Sekimori Sekimori NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 10 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1574 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 1 Essentials Essentials NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 5 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 6 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 8 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 11 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 13 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1575 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1576 1 Kōsei Kōsei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1576 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1577 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1577 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1578 1 28–29 28–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1578 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 7 333 333 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 9 01683 01683 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1579 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1580 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1581 1 631–632 631–632 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1581 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1581 3 664–665 664–665 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1581 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1581 5 809 809 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1581 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1582 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1582 2 Shōhei Shōhei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1582 3 Ichimura Ichimura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1582 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1582 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1582 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1582 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 2 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 3 Spirituality spirituality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 5 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 7 Śūnyatā Śūnyatā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1583 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1584 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1584 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1584 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1585 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1585 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1585 3 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1585 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 9 1798 1798 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1586 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1587 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1587 2 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1587 3 Olson Olson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1587 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1587 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1587 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1587 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 2 Different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 3 Paths Paths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 8 Narrative Narrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 10 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 11 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1588 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1589 1 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1589 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1589 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1589 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1590 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1590 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1591 1 154–155 154–155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1591 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 7 8135 8135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 9 3778 3778 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1592 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 2 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 4 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 6 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 7 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 8 Gimello Gimello NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 10 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1593 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 2 Paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 4 Liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 7 Marga Marga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 9 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 10 Transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 13 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1594 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1595 1 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1595 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1595 3 314 314 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1595 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 2 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 4 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 5 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1596 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1597 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1597 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1597 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1597 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1597 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 2 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 4 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 6 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 7 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 8 Gimello Gimello NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 10 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1598 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 2 Paths path NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 4 Liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 7 Marga Marga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 9 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 10 Transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 13 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 17 316 316 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1599 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 2 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 4 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 5 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1600 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1601 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1601 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1601 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1601 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1601 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 2 Lamrim Lamrim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 5 Gradual Gradual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 6 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 8 Enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 9 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 10 Yin Yin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 12 shun shun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 14 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1602 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 3 Way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 5 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 7 Instructions instruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 10 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 11 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 12 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 15 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 16 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1603 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1604 1 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1604 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1604 3 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1604 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 6 Tsong Tsong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 8 Kha Kha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 10 Pa Pa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 12 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 16 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 17 Treatise Treatise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 20 Stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 23 Path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 25 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 28 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 29 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1605 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1606 1 Shambala Shambala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1606 2 Pubs Pubs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1606 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 11 249 249 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1607 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 2 Shults Shults NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 9 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1608 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 9 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1609 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 4 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 6 2005c 2005c CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 11 398 398 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1610 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 2 McFarlane McFarlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1611 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1612 1 187–193 187–193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1612 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 2 Goodman Goodman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1613 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 2 Ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 4 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 6 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1614 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1615 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1615 2 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1615 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1615 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1615 5 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1615 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1616 1 Metaphysics Metaphysics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1616 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1616 3 Lab Lab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1616 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1616 5 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1616 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1616 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 6 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1617 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1618 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1618 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1618 3 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1618 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1618 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1618 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1618 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 1 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 2 Disciples Disciples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 7 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 8 Lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 10 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 11 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 13 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 14 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1619 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1620 1 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1620 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1620 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1621 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1621 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1621 3 387 387 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1621 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1621 5 fn fn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1621 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1622 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1622 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 7 86171 86171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 9 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1623 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 9 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1624 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 9 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1625 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 9 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1626 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1627 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1628 1 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1628 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1628 3 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1628 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 9 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1629 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 9 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1630 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 9 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1631 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 9 616 616 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1632 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1633 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1634 1 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1634 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1634 3 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1634 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 2 Ratanakul Ratanakul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 9 241 241 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1635 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 2 Horigan Horigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 9 276 276 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1636 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 2 Terwiel Terwiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1637 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1638 1 178–179 178–179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1638 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 11 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1639 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 2 Ledgerwood Ledgerwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 9 152 152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1640 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 2 Funayama Funayama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 9 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1641 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 2 McFarlane McFarlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 9 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1642 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 2 McFarlane McFarlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1643 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1644 1 187–191 187–191 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1644 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 2 Getz Getz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 9 673 673 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1645 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 2 McFarlane McFarlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 9 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1646 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 2 McFarlane McFarlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1647 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1648 1 192–193 192–193 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1648 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 6 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 7 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1649 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1650 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1650 2 Precept Precept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1650 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1650 4 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1650 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1651 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1651 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1652 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1652 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1653 1 76–94 76–94 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1653 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 9 15623 15623 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1654 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 2 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 4 Lawton Lawton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1655 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1656 1 62–63 62–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1656 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 2 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 3 Orzech Orzech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 5 Henrik Henrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 6 Sørensen Sørensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 9 Payne Payne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1657 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 1 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 5 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1658 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1659 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1659 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1659 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1660 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1660 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1661 1 1013–1014 1013–1014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1661 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1661 3 1019–1020 1019–1020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1661 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 9 18491 18491 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1662 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 2 Ten Ten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 3 Precepts Precepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 5 Dasa Dasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 6 Sila Sila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 10 Monastic Monastic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 11 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 13 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 14 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 16 Thanissaro Thanissaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 17 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 19 Yifa Yifa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 21 Translator translator NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 24 Zongze Zongze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 25 Chanyuan Chanyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 26 Qinggui Qinggui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 28 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1663 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 5 Monastic Monastic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 6 Codes Codes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 8 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1664 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1665 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1665 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1665 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1665 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1665 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1666 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1666 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1667 1 114–132 114–132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1667 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 7 8248 8248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 9 2494 2494 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1668 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 4 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 6 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 11 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1669 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 9 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1670 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 5 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 7 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1671 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1672 1 89–92 89–92 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1672 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1673 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1674 1 101–107 101–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1674 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 4 Anālayo Anālayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1675 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 2 Satipaṭṭhāna satipaṭṭhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 5 Direct Direct NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 6 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 8 Realization realization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 12 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1676 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1677 1 Windhorse Windhorse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1677 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1677 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 4 Anālayo Anālayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1678 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 2 Satipaṭṭhāna satipaṭṭhāna NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 5 Direct Direct NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 6 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 8 Realization realization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 12 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1679 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1680 1 Windhorse Windhorse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1680 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1680 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 2 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1681 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 3 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 5 Desire Desire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 9 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 10 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 14 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1682 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1683 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1683 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 2 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 3 Davids Davids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 5 Stede Stede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 7 1921–1925 1921–1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 12 377 377 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 15 Nekkhamma Nekkhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1684 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 9 199 199 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1685 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 9 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1686 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 2 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 9 492 492 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1687 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 2 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 3 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 4 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 5 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 7 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 8 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 9 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 10 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 12 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 16 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 17 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 22 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 23 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1688 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1689 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1689 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1689 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1689 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1690 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1690 2 Johnston Johnston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1690 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1690 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1690 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1691 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1691 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1691 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1691 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 3 Monasticism Monasticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 5 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 10 467 467 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 11 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 12 468 468 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1692 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 2 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 7 Satipatthana Satipatthana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 8 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 10 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 11 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 12 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 15 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 16 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1693 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1694 1 Windhorse Windhorse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1694 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1694 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 4 Boin Boin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 6 Webb Webb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 8 Sara Sara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1695 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1696 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1696 2 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1696 3 trans tran NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1696 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1697 1 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1697 2 Walpola Walpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1697 3 Rāhula Rāhula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1697 4 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1697 5 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1697 6 trans tran NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1697 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 1 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 3 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 8 Abhidharmasamuccaya Abhidharmasamuccaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 11 Compendium Compendium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 14 Higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 15 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 17 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 20 Asaṅga Asaṅga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 24 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 26 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 27 Humanities Humanities NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 28 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1698 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 2 Sharf Sharf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 10 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 12 Mindlessness Mindlessness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 14 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 15 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 21 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 22 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 24 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 26 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 28 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 31 933–964 933–964 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 33 doi:10.1353 doi:10.1353 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 34 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 35 pew.2014.0074 pew.2014.0074 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 36 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 37 Kuan Kuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 39 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 42 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 44 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1699 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 2 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 4 Tilmann Tilmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 6 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 11 Ideas Ideas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 13 Meditative Meditative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 14 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 16 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 21 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1700 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1701 1 BRILL BRILL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1701 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1702 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1703 1 45–46 45–46 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1703 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 2 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 4 Karel Karel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 6 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1704 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 2 Yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 5 Ṛg Ṛg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 6 Veda Veda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 9 Interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 12 Keśin Keśin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 13 Hymn Hymn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 15 RV RV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 16 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 18 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1705 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1706 1 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1706 2 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1706 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1707 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1707 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1707 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1707 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1707 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1707 6 289–302 289–302 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1707 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1708 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1708 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1708 3 S0034412500010076 S0034412500010076 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1708 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 4 Carrithers carrither NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 6 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 11 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1709 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 9 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1710 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 2 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1711 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1712 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1713 1 1–17 1–17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1713 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 9 199 199 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1714 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 3 Singleton Singleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 8 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 9 Body Body NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 12 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 14 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 15 Posture Posture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 16 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 18 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 20 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 22 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 24 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 26 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 28 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 30 539534 539534 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 32 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 34 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1715 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 1 25–34 25–34 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 3 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 5 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 6 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1716 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 1 Yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 3 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 7 Idea Idea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1717 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1718 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1718 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1718 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1718 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1719 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1719 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1720 1 3–5 3–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1720 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 9 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1721 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 2 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 10 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 12 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1722 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 9 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 10 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 12 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 13 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1723 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 9 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1724 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1725 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1725 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1725 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1725 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1725 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1725 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 7 CITEREFGombrich2007 CITEREFGombrich2007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 12 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 14 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 19 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1726 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 9 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1727 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 9 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 10 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 12 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 13 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1728 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1729 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 1 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 3 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 4 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 6 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 8 Conclusion conclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1730 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 5 Bucknell Bucknell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 7 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 8 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 10 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 14 Reinterpreting reinterpret VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 16 Jhanas Jhanas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 19 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 22 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 23 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 25 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 26 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 28 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 30 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 32 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 33 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 35 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 37 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 41 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 43 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 45 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 46 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 47 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 50 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 51 Nikayas Nikayas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 53 Exegetical Exegetical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 54 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 55 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 57 Buddhismus Buddhismus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 59 Geschichte Geschichte NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 60 und und VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 61 Gegenwart Gegenwart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 63 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 64 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 65 201–21 201–21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1731 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1732 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1732 2 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1732 3 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1732 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1732 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1732 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1732 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1733 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1733 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1733 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1733 4 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1733 5 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1733 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1734 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1734 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1734 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1734 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1735 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1735 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1736 1 80–81 80–81 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1736 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 9 517398 517398 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1737 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1738 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1738 2 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1738 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1738 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1738 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1738 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 3 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 4 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 7 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 9 nikāya nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 10 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 13 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 15 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 17 Discourses Discourses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 18 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 20 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 24 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 25 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1739 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 2 Ñāṇamoli Ñāṇamoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 3 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 10 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 13 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 15 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 18 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 19 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 22 324 324 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1740 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1741 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1741 2 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1741 3 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1741 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1742 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 1 296–298 296–298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 3 SN SN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 4 28:1 28:1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 6 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1743 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 2 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 6 Shankman Shankman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 10 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 15 Experience Experience NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 17 Samadhi Samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 22 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 25 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 26 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 27 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 28 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1744 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1745 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1745 2 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1745 3 Wayman Wayman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1745 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1745 5 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1745 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1745 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1746 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1746 2 Insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1746 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1746 4 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1746 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1747 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1747 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1747 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1748 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1748 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1749 1 86–89 86–89 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1749 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 9 0675 0675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1750 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1751 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1751 2 Bruno Bruno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1751 3 Petzold Petzold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1751 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1751 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1751 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1751 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1752 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1752 2 Classification Classification NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1752 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1752 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1752 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1753 1 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1753 2 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1753 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1753 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1754 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1754 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1755 1 502–503 502–503 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1755 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 7 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 9 03373 03373 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1756 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 2 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 3 Hodous Hodous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 5 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 6 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 7 Soothill Soothill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 9 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1757 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 4 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 6 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 8 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 9 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 12 Equivalents Equivalents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 15 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 17 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 18 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1758 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1759 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1759 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1760 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1760 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1760 3 179 179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1760 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 7 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 9 79123 79123 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1761 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1762 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1763 1 269–270 269–270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1763 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1763 3 440 440 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1763 4 n. n. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1763 5 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1763 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1764 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1765 1 1251 1251 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1765 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1765 3 1253 1253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1765 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 2 Welch Welch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 4 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 9 396 396 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1766 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 3 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 5 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1767 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1768 1 Access access NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1768 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1768 3 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1768 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1769 1 Access access NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1769 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1769 3 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1769 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1770 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1770 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1770 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1770 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1770 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1771 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1772 1 106–107 106–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1772 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1772 3 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1772 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1772 5 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1772 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1772 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 2 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1773 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1774 1 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1774 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1774 3 439 439 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1774 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 2 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 3 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 4 Vallee Vallee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 5 Poussin Poussin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 7 trans trans UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1775 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1776 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1776 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1776 3 Pruden Pruden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1776 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1776 5 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1776 6 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1777 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1777 2 trans trans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1777 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1777 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1778 1 Abhidharmakosabhasyam Abhidharmakosabhasyam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1778 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1778 3 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1778 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1779 1 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1779 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1780 1 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1780 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1780 3 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1780 4 925 925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1780 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1781 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1781 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1781 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1781 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1781 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1781 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1782 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1782 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1782 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1782 4 Anālayo Anālayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1782 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 3 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 4 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 7 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 8 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 9 Paths Paths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 11 Liberation liberation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 12 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 13 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 15 JOCBS JOCBS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1783 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 1 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 6 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 8 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1784 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 9 xiv xiv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1785 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1786 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1787 1 172–174 172–174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1787 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 6 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1788 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1789 1 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1789 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1789 3 326 326 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1789 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1790 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1790 2 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1790 3 Olson Olson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1790 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1790 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1790 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1790 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1791 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1791 2 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1791 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1791 4 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1791 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1791 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1791 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1792 1 Scarecrow scarecrow NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1792 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1793 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1793 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1793 3 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1793 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 7 8108 8108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 9 7073 7073 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1794 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1795 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1795 2 Diane Diane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1795 3 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1795 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1795 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1795 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1795 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 1 Essential Essential NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 5 Comprehensive Comprehensive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 6 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 8 Belief Belief NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 10 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1796 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1797 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1797 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1797 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1797 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1798 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1798 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1798 3 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1798 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 7 313 313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 9 38452 38452 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1799 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 6 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1800 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1801 1 60–62 60–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1801 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1802 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1802 2 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1802 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1802 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1802 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1802 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1802 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1803 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1803 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1804 1 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1804 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1804 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1805 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1805 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1805 3 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1805 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 7 4411 4411 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 9 4726 4726 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1806 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 4 Aronson Aronson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 6 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 11 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1807 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 4 Wiltshire Wiltshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1808 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 1 Ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 2 Figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 3 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 10 Emergence Emergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 12 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1809 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1810 1 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1810 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1810 3 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1810 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1811 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1811 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1812 1 241–264 241–264 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1812 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 9 009896 009896 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1813 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1814 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1814 2 Jayatilleke Jayatilleke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1814 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1814 4 K.N. K.N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1815 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1815 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1815 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1815 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1816 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1816 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1816 3 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1816 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1816 5 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1816 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1817 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1817 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1818 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1818 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1819 1 477–479 477–479 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1819 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 9 54287 54287 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1820 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 2 Aronson Aronson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 4 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1821 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1822 1 60–83 60–83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1822 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1823 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1824 1 304–305 304–305 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1824 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1824 3 fn fn CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1824 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1825 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1825 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1826 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1827 1 84–85 84–85 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1827 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 9 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1828 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 2 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 9 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1829 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1830 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1830 2 Luis Luis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1830 3 Gomez Gomez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1830 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1830 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1830 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1830 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1831 1 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1831 2 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1831 3 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1831 4 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1832 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1832 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1832 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1832 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1832 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1833 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1833 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1833 3 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1833 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1834 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1834 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1834 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1834 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1835 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1835 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1836 1 236–243 236–243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1836 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 7 4008 4008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 9 8007 8007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1837 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 2 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1838 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1839 1 86–87 86–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1839 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 2 Powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 9 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1840 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 2 Garson Garson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 4 Nathaniel Nathaniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 5 DeWitt DeWitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1841 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 1 Penetrating penetrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 3 Secret Secret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 4 Essence Essence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 5 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 6 : : . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 7 Context context NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 9 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 12 Mahayoga Mahayoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 13 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 15 rNying rNying NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 17 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 18 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 21 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 22 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 23 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 25 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 28 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1842 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1843 1 88–89 88–89 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1843 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 2 Garson Garson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 4 Nathaniel Nathaniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 5 DeWitt DeWitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1844 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 1 Penetrating penetrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 3 Secret Secret NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 4 Essence Essence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 5 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 6 : : . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 7 Context context NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 9 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 12 Mahayoga Mahayoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 13 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 15 rNying rNying NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 17 ma ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 18 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 21 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 22 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 23 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 25 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 27 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1845 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 1 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 2 Hodge Hodge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 4 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 6 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 8 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 10 Tinti Tinti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 12 Paola Paola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 14 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1846 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1847 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1847 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1847 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1847 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1847 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 1 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 2 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1848 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1849 1 P.63 p.63 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1849 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 7 860560 860560 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 11 Jamgön Jamgön NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 12 Kongtrül Kongtrül NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 13 Lodrö Lodrö NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 14 Thayé Thayé NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 16 Guarisco Guarisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 18 Elio Elio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 20 McLeod McLeod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 22 Ingrid Ingrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 24 trans trans UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1850 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 2 2008 2008 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 5 Treasury Treasury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 7 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 9 Book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 10 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 12 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 13 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 16 Elements Elements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 18 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 19 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 21 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 22 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1851 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1852 1 Shambhala Shambhala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1852 2 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1852 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 9 319 319 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1853 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1854 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1855 1 243–244 243–244 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1855 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1855 3 257–258 257–258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1855 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1855 5 318–319 318–319 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1855 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 4 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 11 502 502 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1856 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1857 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1857 2 Jeff Jeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1857 3 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1857 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1857 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1857 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1857 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 1 Mindful Mindful NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 2 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 4 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 5 Mutual Mutual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 6 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 9 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 11 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 12 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1858 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1859 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1859 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1859 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1859 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1860 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1860 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1861 1 48–49 48–49 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1861 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 9 938357 938357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1862 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1863 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1863 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1863 3 Powers Powers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1863 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1863 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1863 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1863 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1864 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1864 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1864 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1864 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1865 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1865 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1866 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1866 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1866 3 787 787 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1866 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 7 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 9 42016 42016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1867 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 4 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 6 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1868 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1869 1 502–504 502–504 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1869 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 4 Kuan Kuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 11 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1870 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 2 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 9 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1871 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 2 Conze Conze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1872 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1873 1 39–40 39–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1873 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 2 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1874 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1875 1 49–52 49–52 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1875 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 2 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 3 Mitsuo Mitsuo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 4 Kitagawa Kitagawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 6 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 7 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 8 Reynolds Reynolds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 10 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 11 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 12 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 14 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1876 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 1 Transitions transition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 3 Transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 8 Religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 10 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 12 Honor Honor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 14 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 15 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 16 Kitagawa Kitagawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1877 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1878 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1878 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1878 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1879 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1879 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1880 1 56–58 56–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1880 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 9 06112 06112 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 14 Quote quote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 17 Suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 18 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 20 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 22 samsaric samsaric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 25 worldly worldly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 27 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 29 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 31 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 32 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 34 ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 36 anatta anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 38 anicca anicca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1881 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 2 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 6 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 8 impermanence impermanence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 10 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 12 keystones keystone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 14 dhammic dhammic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 15 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1882 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1883 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1884 1 73–75 73–75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1884 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1884 3 146–159 146–159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1884 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1884 5 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1884 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1885 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1886 1 664–665 664–665 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1886 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 2 Kuan Kuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 9 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1887 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 2 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1888 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1889 1 xxxii xxxii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1889 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1889 3 xxxiii xxxiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1889 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 4 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1890 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1891 1 54–55 54–55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1891 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1891 3 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1891 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1891 5 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1891 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 2 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 9 xxxiii xxxiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1892 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 4 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 6 1992/2001 1992/2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 10 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 13 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 17 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 18 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 19 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 21 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 22 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 24 Palgrave Palgrave NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1893 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 2 Cox Cox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 4 Collett Collett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 6 1992/1994 1992/1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 8 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 9 Attainment Attainment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 11 Abandonment abandonment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 14 Sarvāstivāda Sarvāstivāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 15 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 17 Removing Removing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 18 Defilements Defilements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 19 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 22 Paths Paths NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 24 Liberation Liberation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 26 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 27 Mārga Mārga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 29 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 30 Transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 32 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 33 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1894 35 R.E. R.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1895 1 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1895 2 jr jr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1895 3 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1895 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1895 5 R.M. R.M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1896 1 Gimello Gimello NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1896 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1896 3 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1896 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 3 63–105 63–105 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 5 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 7 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 8 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1897 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 2 Ba Ba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 3 Khin Khin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 5 Pierluigi Pierluigi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 6 Confalonieri Confalonieri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1898 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1899 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1899 2 Clock Clock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1899 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1899 4 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1899 5 Has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1899 6 Struck strike VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1899 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1900 1 Pariyatti Pariyatti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1900 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1901 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1901 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1902 1 113–114 113–114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1902 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 7 9649484 9649484 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1903 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 2 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 3 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 4 Chryssides Chryssides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1904 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1905 1 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1905 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1905 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1905 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1905 5 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1905 6 Movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1905 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1906 1 Rowman Rowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1906 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1906 3 Littlefield Littlefield NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1906 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1907 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1907 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1907 3 363 363 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1907 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 7 8108 8108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 9 6194 6194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1908 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 4 Bond Bond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 11 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1909 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1910 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1910 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1910 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1910 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1910 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 1 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 4 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 5 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 7 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 8 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 10 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 13 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1911 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 9 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1912 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 2 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 5 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 6 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 9 Concept Concept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 11 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 13 Kamalashila Kamalashila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 15 Bhavanakramas Bhavanakramas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 17 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1913 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 9 237 237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1914 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 9 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1915 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 2 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1916 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 1 84–85 84–85 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 3 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 5 108–109 108–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 7 112–113 112–113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 9 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 11 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 13 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1917 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1918 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1919 1 239 239 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1919 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1919 3 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1919 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 9 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1920 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1921 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1922 1 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1922 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1922 3 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1922 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 2 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 3 Swearer Swearer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 11 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 12 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 14 Adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 17 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 18 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 20 Editors Editors NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 22 Heine Heine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 24 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 27 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 28 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 29 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 31 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 33 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 35 0195146981 0195146981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 37 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1923 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 1 9–25 9–25 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 3 Karel Karel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 4 Werner Werner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 6 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1924 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 1 Love love VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 2 Divine Divine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 4 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 6 Bhakti Bhakti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 8 Devotional Devotional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 9 Mysticism Mysticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 11 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 13 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 15 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 17 0700702350 0700702350 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1925 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 1 45–46 45–46 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 3 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1926 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 1 108–109 108–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 3 Quote Quote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 7 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 9 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 10 textual textual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 12 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 13 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 14 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 16 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 18 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 21 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 23 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1927 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 4 venerating venerate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 5 relics relic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 7 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 9 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 10 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 12 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 13 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 14 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 17 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 19 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 20 emphasize emphasize VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 22 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 23 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 26 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 27 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 29 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 32 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 33 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 35 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 36 Doris Doris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 37 Wolter Wolter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 39 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1928 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 1 Losing lose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 3 Clouds Clouds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 5 Gaining gain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 7 Sky Sky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 12 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 13 Mind Mind NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1929 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1930 1 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1930 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1930 3 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1930 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1931 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1931 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1932 1 59–62 59–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1932 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1932 3 72–76 72–76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1932 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 7 86171 86171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 9 359 359 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1933 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 2 Rita Rita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 4 Gross Gross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1934 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 2 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 3 Patriarchy Patriarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 5 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 6 Feminist Feminist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 9 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 12 Reconstruction Reconstruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1935 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1936 1 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1936 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1936 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1936 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1936 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1936 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1936 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1937 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1937 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1937 3 253 253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1937 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 7 7914 7914 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 9 1403 1403 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1938 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 4 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 6 Berkwitz Berkwitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1939 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1940 1 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1940 2 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1940 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1940 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1940 5 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1940 6 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1940 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1941 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1941 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1942 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1942 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1943 1 130–133 130–133 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1943 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 9 45249 45249 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1944 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1945 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1945 2 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1945 3 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1945 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1945 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1945 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1945 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 1 Gethsemani Gethsemani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 2 Encounter Encounter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 5 Dialogue Dialogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 8 Spiritual Spiritual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 9 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 13 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 14 Monastics Monastics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1946 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1947 1 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1947 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1947 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1948 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1948 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1949 1 199–200 199–200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1949 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 7 8264 8264 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 9 1165 1165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1950 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1951 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1952 1 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1952 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1952 3 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1952 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 9 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1953 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1954 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1955 1 156 156 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1955 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1955 3 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1955 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 4 Phelps Phelps NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 6 Norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1956 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 2 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 3 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 7 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 8 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1957 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1958 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1958 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1958 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1958 4 Lantern Lantern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1958 5 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1958 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1959 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1959 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1959 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 5 59056 59056 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 7 069 069 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1960 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 2 Vanijja Vanijja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 3 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 5 Business business NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 7 Wrong Wrong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 8 Livelihood Livelihood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 10 Archived archive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 11 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 12 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 13 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 16 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 17 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 22 Vegetarianism Vegetarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 25 Rationale Rationale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 28 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 30 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 33 Consumption Consumption NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 35 Meat Meat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 37 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 38 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 39 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 40 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 41 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 42 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 43 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 45 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 46 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 48 Dr Dr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 49 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 50 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 51 Gunasekara Gunasekara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 53 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 54 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 55 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 57 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 58 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 60 fifth fifth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 63 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 65 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 66 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 67 Devadatta Devadatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 68 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 69 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 70 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 72 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1961 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 1 Devadatta Devadatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 4 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 7 tapasa tapasa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 8 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 13 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 14 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 15 involved involve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 16 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 18 austere austere JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 19 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 21 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 23 dwelling dwelling NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 25 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 26 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 27 rags rag NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 29 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1962 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 2 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 3 rejected reject VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 4 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 6 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 7 revisions revision NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 9 Devadatta Devadatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 16 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 19 reiterated reiterate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 21 tikoiparisuddha tikoiparisuddha NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 22 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1963 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 4 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 6 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 8 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 12 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 13 heterodoxy heterodoxy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 15 BSQ BSQ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 16 Tracts Tracts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 21 Phelps Phelps NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 23 Norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 25 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1964 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 2 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 3 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 7 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 8 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1965 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1966 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1966 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1966 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1966 4 Lantern Lantern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1966 5 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1966 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1967 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1967 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1968 1 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1968 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1968 3 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1968 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 5 59056 59056 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 7 069 069 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1969 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 9 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1970 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 2 Breiter Breiter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1971 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1972 1 Venerable Venerable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1972 2 Father Father NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1972 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1973 1 Paraview Paraview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1973 2 Special Special NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1973 3 Editions Editions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1973 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1974 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1974 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1974 3 xii xii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1974 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 5 931044 931044 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 7 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1975 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 11 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1976 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 9 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1977 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 2 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 4 over over JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 5 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 8 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 10 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 12 Barstow Barstow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 14 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 16 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 18 Food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 20 Sinful Sinful NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 21 Demons Demons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 23 Meat Meat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 25 Vegetarianism Vegetarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 29 Limits Limits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 31 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 33 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1978 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1979 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1979 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1979 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1979 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 2 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 4 Vegetarianism Vegetarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 7 Orgyen Orgyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 8 Trinle Trinle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 9 Dorje Dorje NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 11 Karmapa Karmapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 12 XVII XVII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 14 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 15 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 16 Simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 18 Ringu Ringu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 19 Tulku Tulku NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 20 Rinpoche Rinpoche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 21 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 22 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 23 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 25 Full Full NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 26 Moon Moon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 27 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 29 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 31 24th 24th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 32 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 33 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 34 Kagyu Kagyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 35 Monlam Monlam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 37 Bodhgaya Bodhgaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 39 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 40 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 42 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 43 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 44 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 45 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 46 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 47 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 49 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1980 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1981 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1981 2 Scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1981 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1982 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1982 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1982 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1983 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1983 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1984 1 xi xi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1984 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1984 3 xv xv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1984 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 9 190937 190937 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1985 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1986 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1987 1 39–41 39–41 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1987 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1988 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1988 2 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1988 3 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1988 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1988 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1988 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1988 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1989 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1989 2 Scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1989 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1990 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1990 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1990 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1991 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1991 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1992 1 xii xii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1992 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1992 3 xiii xiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1992 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 9 190937 190937 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1993 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 9 xiv xiv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1994 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 1 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 2 Eliot Eliot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 4 1935 1935 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 9 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1995 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1996 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1996 2 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1996 3 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1996 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1996 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 1996 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 1996 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1997 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1997 2 Scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 1997 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1998 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1998 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1998 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 1999 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 1999 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2000 1 xiii xiii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2000 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2000 3 xvii xvii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2000 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 9 190937 190937 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2001 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 4 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 5 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2002 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2003 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2003 2 Scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2003 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2004 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2004 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2004 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2005 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2005 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2006 1 xi xi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2006 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2006 3 xxv xxv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2006 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 9 190937 190937 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2007 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2008 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2009 1 42–43 42–43 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2009 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 2 Sujato Sujato NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 4 Brahmali Brahmali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2010 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2011 1 9–10 9–10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2011 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 2 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 4 Keat Keat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 5 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2012 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 2 Notion Notion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 4 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 6 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 9 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 10 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 13 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2013 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2014 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2014 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2014 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2014 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2014 5 8120816497 8120816497 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2014 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2015 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2015 2 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 2 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 4 keat keat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 6 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 12 Fundamental Fundamental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 13 Teachings Teachings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 15 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 20 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2016 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 3 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 4 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 6 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 11 Anālayo Anālayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 13 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2017 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 2 Reflections reflection NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 4 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 5 Āgama Āgama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 6 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2018 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2019 1 Chung Chung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2019 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2019 3 Hwa Hwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2019 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2019 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2019 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 1 Taipei Taipei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 3 Chung Chung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 5 Hwa Hwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 6 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 9 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2020 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2021 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2021 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2021 3 3–21 3–21 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2021 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2022 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2022 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2022 3 1017 1017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2022 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2022 5 7132 7132 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2022 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 2 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2023 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2024 1 282–283 282–283 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2024 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 2 Crosby Crosby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 4 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2025 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 1 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 4 Continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 6 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 9 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2026 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2027 1 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2027 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2027 3 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2027 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2028 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2028 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2028 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 5 1405189064 1405189064 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 7 Skilling skilling NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 9 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 14 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2029 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 4 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2030 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 2 Cox Cox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 4 Collett Collett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2031 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 2 Abidharma Abidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 7 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 9 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 10 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2032 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 6 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 8 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 9 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 10 Lib Lib NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2033 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2034 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2034 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2035 1 1–7 1–7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2035 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2036 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2036 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2036 3 0028657187 0028657187 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2036 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 9 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2037 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 2 Visuddhimagga Visuddhimagga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 4 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 5 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 9 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 10 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 12 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 15 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 17 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2038 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 2 Wataru Wataru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 4 Ryose Ryose NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 6 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2039 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 2 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 5 Abhidharmahṛdaya Abhidharmahṛdaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 7 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 8 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 9 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 12 Concept Concept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 14 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 17 Sarvāstivāda Sarvāstivāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 18 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2040 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2041 1 PhD phd NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2041 2 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2041 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2042 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2042 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2042 3 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2042 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2042 5 Madison Madison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2042 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2043 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2043 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2043 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 2 Westerhoff Westerhoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 4 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 6 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 9 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 10 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 12 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 14 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 17 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 18 Millennium Millennium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 19 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2044 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2045 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2045 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2045 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2045 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2046 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2046 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2046 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2047 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2047 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2047 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2047 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2047 5 0198732662 0198732662 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2047 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 9 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2048 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 2 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 11 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 14 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 15 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 17 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 22 252 252 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2049 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 9 494 494 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2050 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 2 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 4 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 10 Few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 11 Good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 12 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 15 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 16 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 17 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 20 Inquiry Inquiry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 22 Ugra Ugra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 24 Ugraparipṛcchā Ugraparipṛcchā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 27 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 29 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 30 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 32 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2051 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 1 172–174 172–174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 3 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 5 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 7 0824830038 0824830038 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 8 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 9 Rinpoche Rinpoche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 11 Kalu Kalu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 13 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 16 Profound Profound NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 18 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 19 Hinayana Hinayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 20 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 21 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 23 Clearpoint Clearpoint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 24 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2052 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2053 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2053 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2053 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 5 0963037152 0963037152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 7 Drewes Drewes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 9 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 12 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 13 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 17 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 18 Perspectives Perspectives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 20 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 21 Compass Compass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 22 4/2 4/2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 24 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 27 66–74 66–74 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 29 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 30 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 31 j.1749 j.1749 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 33 8171.2009.00193.x 8171.2009.00193.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 34 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 35 Powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 37 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 40 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 42 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2054 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2055 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2055 2 Sree Sree NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2055 3 Padma Padma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2055 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 1 Barber Barber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 3 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 8 Krishna Krishna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 9 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 10 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 12 Andhra Andhra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2056 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2057 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2057 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2057 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2057 4 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2057 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 5 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 6 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 7 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2058 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 1 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 4 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 5 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 6 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 7 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2059 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2060 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2060 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2061 1 26–30 26–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2061 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 9 0895 0895 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2062 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 2 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 3 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 4 Reat Reat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2063 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2064 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2064 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2064 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2064 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2064 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2065 1 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2065 2 Humanities Humanities NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2065 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2065 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 3 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 6 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 8 25–33 25–33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2066 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 7 87573 87573 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 9 001 001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2067 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2068 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2068 2 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2068 3 Sponberg Sponberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2068 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2068 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2068 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2068 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2069 1 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2069 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2069 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2069 4 Future Future NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2069 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2069 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2070 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2070 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2070 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2070 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2071 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2071 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2072 1 68–69 68–69 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2072 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 9 34344 34344 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2073 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 2 Wayman Wayman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 4 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2074 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 3 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 5 Light light NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 7 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 9 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 10 Esotericism esotericism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2075 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2076 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2076 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2077 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2077 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2077 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 2 Sørensen Sørensen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 4 Henrik Henrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 5 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 7 Payne Payne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 9 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 10 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 12 Orzech Orzech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 14 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2078 15 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2079 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2079 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2079 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2079 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2080 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2080 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2080 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2080 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 1 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 5 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 8 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 9 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2081 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2082 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2082 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2082 3 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2082 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2082 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2083 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2083 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2083 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 2 Grey Grey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 7 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 10 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 11 Traditions Traditions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 13 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 16 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 17 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 19 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 20 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 21 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 23 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 26 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 27 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 29 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 30 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 33 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 35 CITEREFWilliamsTribeWynne2000 CITEREFWilliamsTribeWynne2000 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 37 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 39 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 40 Wallis Wallis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 42 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 44 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2084 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 2 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 3 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 6 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 7 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 8 Shaiva Shaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 9 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 11 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2085 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 2 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 3 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 7 Dalton Dalton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2086 9 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2087 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2087 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2087 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2087 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 3 Crisis Crisis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 5 Doxography Doxography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 7 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 8 Tibetans Tibetans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 9 Organized organize VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 10 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 11 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 13 8th–12th 8th–12th CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 14 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2088 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 5 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 8 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2089 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2090 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2090 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2090 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2090 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2090 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2090 6 115–181 115–181 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2090 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 9 xv xv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2091 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2092 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2092 2 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2092 3 Eraly Eraly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2092 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2092 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2092 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2092 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 2 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 3 Spring Spring NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 6 Golden Golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 7 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 9 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2093 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2094 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2094 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2094 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2095 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2095 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2096 1 538 538 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2096 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2096 3 571 571 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2096 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 7 670 670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 9 08478 08478 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2097 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2098 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2099 1 26–41 26–41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2099 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2100 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2100 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2100 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2100 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2100 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2100 6 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2100 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 5 Shapes Shapes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 7 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 9 Engaged Engaged NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2101 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 2 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 4 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2102 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2103 1 17–18 17–18 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2103 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2104 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2105 1 30–31 30–31 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2106 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2106 2 Hajime Hajime NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2106 3 Nakamura Nakamura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2106 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2106 5 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2106 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2106 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2107 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2107 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2107 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2107 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2107 5 Vedānta Vedānta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2107 6 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2107 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2108 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2108 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2108 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2109 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2109 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2110 1 102–104 102–104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2110 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2110 3 264–269 264–269 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2110 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2110 5 294–295 294–295 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2110 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 9 0651 0651 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 14 Quote quote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 17 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 19 Upanishadic upanishadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 20 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 21 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 24 Vedas Vedas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 30 viewpoint viewpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 33 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 34 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 36 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 38 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 40 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 41 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 42 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 44 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 45 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 46 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 48 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 49 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 50 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 52 Upanishads upanishad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 54 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 55 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 56 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 59 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 60 corpus corpus NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 62 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 64 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 65 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 66 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 67 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 68 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 69 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 70 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 71 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 72 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 73 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 75 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 76 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 77 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 78 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 79 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 81 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 82 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 83 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 84 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 85 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 86 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 87 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 88 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 89 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 90 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 91 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 92 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 93 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 94 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 95 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 96 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 98 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 99 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 100 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 101 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 102 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 103 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 104 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 105 Upanishads upanishad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 106 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 107 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 108 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 109 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 110 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2111 111 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 2 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 4 Witz Witz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2112 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 2 Supreme Supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 3 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 6 Upaniṣads upaniṣad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 9 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2113 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2114 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2114 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2114 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2115 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2115 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2116 1 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2116 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2116 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2116 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 9 1573 1573 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 14 Quote quote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 17 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 19 Aranyakas Aranyakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 20 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 22 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 24 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 25 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 26 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 27 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 29 separate separate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 30 subtler subtler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 32 deeper deep JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 33 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 36 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 38 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 39 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 41 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 42 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 43 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 44 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 45 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 46 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 47 united unite VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 48 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 50 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2117 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 2 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 4 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 5 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 6 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 8 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 10 completion completion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 13 Upanishads Upanishads NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2118 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 5 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 7 attainment attainment JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 10 Highest Highest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 11 Goal Goal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 13 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 14 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 17 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 18 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2119 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 4 Upanishads Upanishads NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 5 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 6 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 8 aided aid VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 10 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 11 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 12 breakthroughs breakthrough NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 14 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 20 Highest Highest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 21 Goal Goal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 22 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 24 dealt deal VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 26 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 28 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 30 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 32 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 33 lore lore NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2120 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2121 1 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2121 2 Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2121 3 Crangle Crangle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2121 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2121 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2121 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2121 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 2 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 4 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 7 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 8 Contemplative Contemplative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 9 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2122 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2123 1 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2123 2 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2123 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2123 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2124 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2124 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 1 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 3 footnote footnote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 4 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 6 22–29 22–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 8 87–103 87–103 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 11 Upanishads Upanishads NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 14 Sutta Sutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 15 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 16 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 17 65–72 65–72 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2125 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 7 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 9 03479 03479 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2126 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2127 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2127 2 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2127 3 Olivelle Olivelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2127 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2127 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2127 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2127 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 2 Samnyasa Samnyasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 3 Upanisads Upanisads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 5 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 6 Scriptures Scriptures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 8 Asceticism Asceticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 10 Renunciation Renunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2128 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2129 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2129 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2129 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2129 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2130 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2130 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2131 1 3–5 3–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2131 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2131 3 68–71 68–71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2131 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 9 536137 536137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 14 Christoph Christoph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 15 Wulf Wulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 17 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2132 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2133 1 Exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2133 2 Alterity Alterity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2133 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2133 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2133 5 Globalized Globalized NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2133 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2133 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2134 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2134 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2135 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2135 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2136 1 125–126 125–126 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2136 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 7 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 9 33113 33113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 14 Quote quote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 17 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 20 Bronkhorst bronkhorst NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 22 talks talk VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 25 simultaneous simultaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 26 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 29 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 32 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 33 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 34 Vedic vedic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 35 asceticism asceticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2137 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 6 Olivelle Olivelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 8 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 11 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 13 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 14 Vedic vedic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 15 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 16 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 20 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 22 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 23 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 26 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 27 Upanishads upanishad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 28 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 30 Brhadaranyaka Brhadaranyaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 33 Mundaka Mundaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 34 Upanishad Upanishad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2138 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 3 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 5 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 6 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 8 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 10 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 11 AL AL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 12 Basham Basham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 14 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 17 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 19 Doctrines Doctrines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 22 Ajivikas Ajivikas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 25 Vanished Vanished NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 26 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 27 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 29 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 30 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 32 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 34 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 36 8120812048 8120812048 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 38 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2139 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 1 94–103 94–103 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 4 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 5 Reginald Reginald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 6 Ray Ray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 12 Saints Saints NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 14 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 16 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 17 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 18 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 20 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 22 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 24 0195134834 0195134834 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2140 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 1 237–240 237–240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 3 247–249 247–249 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 5 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 6 Wiltshire Wiltshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 8 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 11 Ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 12 Figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 13 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 16 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 19 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 20 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 22 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 24 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 25 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 26 3110098969 3110098969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 28 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 29 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 30 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 31 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 33 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 36 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2141 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2142 1 123–125 123–125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2142 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 3 Wiltshire Wiltshire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 5 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 8 Ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 9 Figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 10 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 13 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 16 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 17 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 19 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 21 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 23 3110098969 3110098969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 25 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2143 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 1 226–227 226–227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 3 Shults shult NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 10 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2144 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 2 Shults Shults NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 9 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2145 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 2 Shults Shults NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2146 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2147 1 125–129 125–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2147 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 2 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 3 Billimoria Billimoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 8 Śabdapramāṇa śabdapramāṇa NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 10 Word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 12 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 14 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 16 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 17 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 18 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 19 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 21 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 23 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 25 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 27 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 29 010 010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 31 7810 7810 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 33 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 35 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2148 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 1 1–30 1–30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 3 Jaini Jaini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2149 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2150 1 47–48 47–48 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2150 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 5 Siderits Siderits NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2151 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2152 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2152 2 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2152 3 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2152 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2152 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2152 6 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2152 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2153 1 Ashgate ashgate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2153 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2154 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2154 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2154 3 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2154 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2154 5 footnote footnote NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2154 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2154 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 7 7546 7546 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 9 5369 5369 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2155 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2156 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 2 Schmithausen Schmithausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 4 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 7 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 8 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 10 Earliest Earliest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 14 Panels panel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 17 VIIth VIIth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 18 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 19 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 20 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 21 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2157 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 1 II ii CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 3 Earliest Earliest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 6 Madhyamaka Madhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2158 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 1 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 2 Seyfort Seyfort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 3 Ruegg Ruegg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 5 Lambert Lambert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 6 Schmithausen Schmithausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 8 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 10 Kern Kern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 11 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2159 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2160 1 1–4 1–4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2160 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 2 Sujato Sujato NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 4 Brahmali Brahmali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 11 39–41 39–41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2161 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 2 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 9 xviii xviii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2162 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2163 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 4 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 6 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 11 ix ix NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2164 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 4 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2165 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 7 CITEREFWarder1999 citerefwarder1999 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 12 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 14 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 17 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2166 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2167 1 xxi xxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2167 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2167 3 xxxvii xxxvii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2167 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 4 Schmithausen Schmithausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 6 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2168 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2169 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2169 2 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2169 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2169 4 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2169 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2169 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 7 CITEREFNorman1992 CITEREFNorman1992 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 11 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 13 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 14 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 16 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2170 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2171 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2171 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2171 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2171 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2171 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2171 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 7 CITEREFBronkhorst1997 CITEREFBronkhorst1997 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 12 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 14 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 19 vii vii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2172 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 2 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 7 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 8 flap flap NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2173 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 7 CITEREFWarder1999 citerefwarder1999 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 12 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 14 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 19 viii viii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2174 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 7 CITEREFBronkhorst1997 CITEREFBronkhorst1997 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 12 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 14 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 19 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2175 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 4 Jong Jong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 11 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2176 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 9 vii vii NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2177 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 1 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 2 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 7 CITEREFBronkhorst1997 CITEREFBronkhorst1997 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 12 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 14 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 19 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2178 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 2 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 4 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 9 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2179 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2180 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2180 2 Reat Reat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2180 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2180 4 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2180 5 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2180 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 1 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 3 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 7 Teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 8 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2181 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2182 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2182 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2182 3 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2182 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2182 5 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2182 6 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2182 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2183 1 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2183 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2184 1 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2184 2 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2184 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2184 4 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2184 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2184 6 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2184 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 1 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 3 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 6 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 7 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2185 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2186 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2186 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2186 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2186 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2186 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2186 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2186 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 3 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 5 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 7 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 9 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 11 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2187 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2188 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2188 2 Analayo Analayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2188 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2188 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2188 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2188 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 2 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 3 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 6 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 8 nikāya nikāya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2189 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2190 1 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2190 2 Drum Drum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2190 3 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2190 4 Publisher Publisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2190 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2191 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2191 2 891 891 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2191 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 2 Salomon Salomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 7 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 8 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2192 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 4 Gandharan Gandharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 5 Manuscripts Manuscripts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 6 Change change VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2193 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2194 1 Lion Lion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2194 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2194 3 Roar Roar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2194 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2195 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2195 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2195 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2195 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2195 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 2 Skorupski Skorupski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 4 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2196 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2197 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2198 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2198 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2198 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2198 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2199 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2199 2 Schopen Schopen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2199 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2199 4 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2199 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2199 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 2 Matthews Matthews NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 4 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 9 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2200 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 9 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2201 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2202 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2203 1 77–78 77–78 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2203 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2203 3 Section Section NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2203 4 8.4.3 8.4.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2203 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 2 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 11 Quote Quote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 13 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 14 T]hey t]hey NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 15 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 17 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 19 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 21 released release VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 23 knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 25 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 26 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 27 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 31 practising practise VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 33 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 34 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 35 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 38 eightfold eightfold JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 39 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 42 culminates culminate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 44 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 45 samadhi samadhi NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2204 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 9 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2205 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2206 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2207 1 88–90 88–90 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2207 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2208 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2209 1 175–176 175–176 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2209 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2210 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2211 1 89–90 89–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2211 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2212 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2212 2 Skilton Skilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2212 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2212 4 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2212 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2213 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2213 2 Concise Concise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2213 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2213 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2213 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2213 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2214 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2214 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2214 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2214 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 1 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 3 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 5 Sujato Sujato NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 7 Bhante Bhante NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 12 Sects Sects NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 13 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 14 Sectarianism Sectarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 17 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 19 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 20 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 22 Santipada Santipada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 24 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 26 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 28 1921842085 1921842085 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 29 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 30 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 32 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 35 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2215 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2216 1 74–75 74–75 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2216 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2217 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2217 2 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2217 3 Crandall Crandall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2217 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2217 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2217 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2217 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 1 Gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 3 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 6 Dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 7 Side side NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 9 Scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 11 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 12 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2218 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2219 1 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2219 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2219 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2220 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2220 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2221 1 56–58 56–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2221 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 7 4411 4411 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 9 4871 4871 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2222 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2223 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2224 1 90–91 90–91 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2224 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2225 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2226 1 90–93 90–93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2226 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2227 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2227 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2227 3 Abhidhamma Abhidhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2227 4 Pitaka Pitaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2227 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2227 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2228 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2228 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2228 3 Ultimate Ultimate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2228 4 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2228 5 Suite Suite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2228 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2229 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2229 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2229 3 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2229 4 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2229 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2229 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2229 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 4 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 11 485 485 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2230 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 4 2005a 2005a CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 9 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2231 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 2 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2232 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2233 1 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2233 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2233 3 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2233 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2234 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2234 2 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2234 3 Neelis Neelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2234 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2234 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2234 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2234 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 3 Transmission Transmission NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 5 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 6 Networks Networks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 8 Mobility Mobility NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 10 Exchange Exchange NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 11 Within Within NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 13 Beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 15 Northwestern Northwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 16 Borderlands Borderlands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 18 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 19 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2235 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2236 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2236 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2236 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2237 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2237 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2238 1 102–106 102–106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2238 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 9 18159 18159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2239 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 2 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 3 Heirman Heirman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 5 Stephan Stephan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 6 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 7 Bumbacher Bumbacher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2240 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2241 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2241 2 Spread Spread NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2241 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2241 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2241 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2242 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2242 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2242 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2243 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2243 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2244 1 139–142 139–142 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2244 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 9 15830 15830 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2245 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 2 Kurt Kurt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 3 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 4 Behrendt Behrendt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 8 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 10 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 12 Handbuch Handbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 13 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 14 Orientalistik Orientalistik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 15 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 17 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 20 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 21 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 23 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 24 Heirman Heirman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 26 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 28 Bumbacher Bumbacher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 30 Stephan Stephan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 31 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 33 editors editor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2246 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 2 Spread Spread NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 6 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 9 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 11 Xinru Xinru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 12 Liu Liu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 14 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2247 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2248 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2248 2 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2248 3 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2248 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2248 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2248 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2248 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2249 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2249 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2249 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2249 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2250 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2250 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2250 3 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2250 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 9 533810 533810 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2251 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2252 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2252 2 Warder2000 Warder2000 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2252 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2252 4 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2252 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2252 6 278 278 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2252 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 4 Discovery Discovery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 6 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 8 Oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 10 Manuscripts Manuscripts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 11 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 13 Review review NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 14 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 16 Enomoto Enomoto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 17 Fumio Fumio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2253 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 5 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 6 NS32 NS32 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 7 Issue Issue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 8 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 10 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 13 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 14 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 15 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 16 Sujato Sujato NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2254 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2255 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2255 2 Abstract Abstract NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2255 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2255 4 Sects sect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2255 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2255 6 Sectarianism Sectarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2255 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 2 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 6 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 7 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 8 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 10 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 12 Dharmaguptaka Dharmaguptaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 15 Mulasarvastivada Mulasarvastivada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2256 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 2 Kudara Kudara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 4 Kogi Kogi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2257 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 3 Rough rough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 4 Sketch sketch NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 6 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 7 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2258 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 1 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 4 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 7 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 10 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2259 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2260 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2260 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2260 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2260 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2260 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2260 6 93–107 93–107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2260 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2261 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2262 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2262 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2262 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2262 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2262 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 4 Drewes Drewes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 8 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 9 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 10 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 14 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 15 Scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 17 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 18 Compass Compass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 19 4/2 4/2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 21 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 24 55–65 55–65 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 26 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 27 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 28 j.1749 j.1749 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 30 8171.2009.00195.x 8171.2009.00195.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 31 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 32 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 34 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 37 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 38   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 39 492 492 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2263 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2264 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2265 1 252–253 252–253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2265 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2265 3 263 263 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2265 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2265 5 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2265 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 2 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 9 335 335 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2266 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 2 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 4 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2267 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2268 1 193–194 193–194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2268 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2269 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2270 1 4–5 4–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2270 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 9 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2271 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 2 Walser Walser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 6 Nagarjuna Nagarjuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 8 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 10 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 13 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 14 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 15 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 17 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 18 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 19 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 21 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 24 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2272 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 2 Walser Walser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 4 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 6 Nagarjuna Nagarjuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 8 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 10 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 13 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 14 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 15 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 17 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 18 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 19 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 21 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 23 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2273 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2274 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2274 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2274 3 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2274 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2275 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2276 1 8–9 8–9 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2276 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 2 Lusthaus Lusthaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 4 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2277 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2278 1 236–237 236–237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2278 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 2 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 9 442 442 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2279 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 2 Ray Ray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 4 Reginald Reginald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 5 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 9 Indestructible indestructible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 10 Truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 13 Living Living NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 14 Spirituality Spirituality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 16 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2280 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2281 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2281 2 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2281 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2281 4 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2281 5 M.,(2002 M.,(2002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2281 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2281 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 1 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 2 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 10 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 11 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 13 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 14 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 15 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 17 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 18 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 20 234 234 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2282 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 2 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 4 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 7 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 11 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 12 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 15 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 16 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 19 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2283 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2284 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2284 2 Sanderson Sanderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2284 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2284 4 Alexis Alexis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2284 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 3 Śaiva Śaiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 4 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 7 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 9 Dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 11 Śaivism śaivism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 14 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 15 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 16 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2285 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 3 Genesis Genesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 5 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 7 Tantrism Tantrism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 9 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 11 Shingo Shingo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 12 Einoo Einoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2286 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 1 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 3 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 5 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 6 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 10 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 12 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2287 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 1 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 3 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 4 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 5 Special Special NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 6 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2288 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 3 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 5 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 7 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2289 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 2 Sanderson Sanderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 4 Alexis Alexis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 6 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 9 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 11 Function Function NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 13 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 14 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 15 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 17 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 18 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 19 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 20 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 23 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 24 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 25 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 28 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 29 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 31 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 32 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2290 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 2 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 4 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 6 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 7 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 11 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 12 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 15 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 16 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 18 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 19 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2291 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 2 Omvedt Omvedt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 4 Gail Gail NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2292 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 4 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 6 Challenging Challenging NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 7 Brahmanism Brahmanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 9 Caste Caste NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 13 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2293 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 2 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2294 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2295 1 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2295 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2295 3 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2295 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 2 Zürcher Zürcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 4 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2296 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2297 1 22–27 22–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2297 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 2 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2298 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2299 1 30–31 30–31 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2299 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 2 Zürcher Zürcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 4 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 9 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2300 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2301 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2301 2 Zürcher Zürcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2301 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2301 4 Erik Erik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2301 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2302 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2302 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2302 3 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2302 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2302 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 3 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 8 Spread Spread NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 10 Adaptation Adaptation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 14 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 15 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 16 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2303 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2304 1 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2304 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2304 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2305 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2305 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2305 3 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2305 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2306 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2306 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 1 32–34 32–34 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 3 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 10 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2307 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 2 Dykstra Dykstra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 4 Yoshiko Yoshiko NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 5 Kurata Kurata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 7 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 8 Bary Bary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 10 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 11 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 13 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2308 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2309 1 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2309 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2309 3 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2309 4 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2309 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2310 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2310 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2310 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2310 4 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2310 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2310 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2310 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2311 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2311 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2311 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 5 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 7 12138 12138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2312 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2313 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2313 2 Nguyen Nguyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2313 3 Tai Tai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2313 4 Thu Thu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2313 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2314 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2314 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2314 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2314 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2314 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2314 6 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2314 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2315 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2315 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 2 McRae McRae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 9 Seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 10 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 11 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 14 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 15 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 16 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 17 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2316 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 5 Orzech Orzech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 7 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 8 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 10 general general NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 11 editor editor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 14 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2317 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 1 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 5 Tantras Tantras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 7 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2318 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2319 1 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2319 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 3 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 4 McRae McRae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 6 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 8 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 11 Seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 12 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 13 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 18 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 19 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2320 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 3 19–21 19–21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 5 Heng Heng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 7 Ching Ching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 8 Shih Shih NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 10 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2321 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 1 Yung Yung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 3 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 5 Syncretism Syncretism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 7 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 8 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 10 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 13 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 16 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 17 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 19 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 20 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 21 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 23 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 27 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 28 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 29 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 31 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 34 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 36 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2322 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 2 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2323 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2324 1 242–246 242–246 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2324 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2325 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2325 2 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2325 3 Powell Powell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2325 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2325 5 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2325 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2325 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2326 1 Living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2326 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2326 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2327 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2327 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2327 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2327 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2327 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2328 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2328 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2329 1 38–39 38–39 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2329 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 9 20410 20410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2330 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2331 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2331 2 Lars Lars NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2331 3 Fogelin Fogelin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2331 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2331 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2331 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2331 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2332 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2332 2 Archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2332 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2332 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2332 5 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2332 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2332 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2333 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2333 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2333 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2333 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2334 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2334 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2335 1 6–11 6–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2335 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2335 3 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2335 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2335 5 229–230 229–230 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2335 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 9 994823 994823 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2336 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2337 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2337 2 Sheila Sheila NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2337 3 Canby Canby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2337 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2337 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2337 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2337 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 2 Depictions depiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 5 Sakyamuni Sakyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 8 Jami Jami NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 9 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 11 Tavarikh Tavarikh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 14 Majma Majma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 15 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 17 Tavarikh Tavarikh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2338 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2339 1 Muqarnas Muqarnas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2339 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2340 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2340 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2340 3 299–310 299–310 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2340 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2341 1 doi:10.2307/1523195 doi:10.2307/1523195 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2341 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2342 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2342 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2342 3 1523195 1523195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2342 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2343 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2343 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2343 3 Guy Guy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2343 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2343 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2343 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2343 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 1 Lost lost JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 2 Kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 4 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 7 Sculpture sculpture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 9 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 10 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 11 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2344 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2345 1 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2345 2 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2345 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2345 4 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2345 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2346 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2346 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2347 1 9–11 9–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2347 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2347 3 14–15 14–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2347 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2347 5 19–20 19–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2347 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 7 58839 58839 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 9 524 524 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2348 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2349 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2349 2 Skilling Skilling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2349 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2349 4 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2349 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2349 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 2 Myint Myint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 4 U u NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 6 Thant Thant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 8 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2350 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 2 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 4 Lost Lost NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 5 Footsteps Footsteps NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 7 Histories Histories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 9 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2351 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2352 1 Farrar Farrar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2352 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2352 3 Straus Straus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2352 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2352 5 Giroux Giroux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2352 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 7 374 374 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 9 16342 16342 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2353 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 1 64–65 64–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 3 Cœdès Cœdès NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 5 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 7 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2354 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2355 1 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2355 2 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2355 3 Vella Vella NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2355 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2355 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2355 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2356 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2356 2 Indianized indianized JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2356 3 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2356 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2356 5 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2356 6 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2356 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2357 1 trans trans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2357 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2358 1 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2358 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2358 3 Cowing Cowing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2358 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2359 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2359 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2359 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2359 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2359 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 7 8248 8248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 9 0368 0368 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2360 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2361 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2361 2 Gyallay Gyallay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2361 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2361 4 Pap Pap NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2361 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2361 6 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2361 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 2 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 5 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 7 Khmer Khmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 11 Radical Radical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 12 Conservativism Conservativism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2362 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 4 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2363 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2364 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2364 2 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2364 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2364 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2364 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2364 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 2 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 4 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 6 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2365 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 2 Path path NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 5 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 8 Interpreted interpret VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 10 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2366 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2367 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2367 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2367 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2368 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2368 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2368 3 410 410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2368 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 9 0030 0030 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2369 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 2 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 3 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 4 Reat Reat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2370 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2371 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2371 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2371 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2371 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2371 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2372 1 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2372 2 Humanities Humanities NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2372 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2372 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2373 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2373 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2374 1 19–20 19–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2374 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 7 87573 87573 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 9 001 001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2375 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2376 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2376 2 Erika Erika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2376 3 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2376 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2376 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2376 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2376 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 1 Emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 3 Spirituality Spirituality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 5 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 7 Spiritual Spiritual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 8 Movements Movements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2377 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2378 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2378 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2378 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2378 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2378 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2379 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2379 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2380 1 137–138 137–138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2380 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 7 7618 7618 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 9 5950 5950 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2381 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 4 Koller Koller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2382 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 2 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 3 Way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 6 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 9 Philosophies Philosophies NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 10 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 11 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 13 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2383 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2384 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2384 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2385 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2385 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2386 1 157–160 157–160 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2386 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 7 315 315 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 9 50740 50740 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2387 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 2 Samuels Samuels NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 4 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 6 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 7 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2388 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 3 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 4 Ideal Ideal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 6 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 8 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 10 Practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 13 Reevaluation Reevaluation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 16 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 18 Śrāvaka Śrāvaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 19 Opposition Opposition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2389 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2390 1 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2390 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2390 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2390 4 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2390 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2391 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2391 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2391 3 Hawai'i Hawai'i NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2391 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2391 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2392 1 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2392 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2392 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2392 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2392 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2392 6 399–415 399–415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2392 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2393 1 doi:10.2307/1399912 doi:10.2307/1399912 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2393 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2394 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2394 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2394 3 1399912 1399912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2394 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 4 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 6 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 12 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 14 Career Career NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 17 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2395 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 2 Johnston Johnston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 10 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 12 Monasticism Monasticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 15 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2396 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2397 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2397 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 2 Hay Hay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 4 Jeff Jeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2398 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2399 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2399 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2399 3 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2399 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2399 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2399 6 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2399 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2400 1 Greenhaven Greenhaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2400 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2400 3 LLC LLC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2400 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 2 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 3 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 4 Kinney Kinney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 6 Marijke Marijke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 8 Klokke Klokke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 10 Lydia Lydia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 11 Kieven Kieven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 13 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2401 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2402 1 Worshiping worship VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2402 2 Siva Siva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2402 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2402 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2402 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2403 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2403 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2403 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2403 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2403 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2404 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2404 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2404 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2404 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 7 8248 8248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 9 2779 2779 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 14 Quote quote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 17 Orthodox orthodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 18 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 22 collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 23 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 24 Hinayana Hinayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 26 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2405 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 1 Present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 3 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 4 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 6 orthodox orthodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 8 prefer prefer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 10 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 12 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 13 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 18 Elders Elders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2406 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2407 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2407 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2407 3 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2407 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2407 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2407 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2407 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2408 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2408 2 Precept Precept NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2408 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2408 4 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2408 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2409 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2409 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2410 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2410 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2411 1 47–48 47–48 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2411 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 9 15623 15623 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 14 Quote quote VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 17 Theravadins theravadin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 18 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 21 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 22 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 23 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 24 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 25 orthodoxy orthodoxy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 30 sects sect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 32 heretics heretic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2412 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 2 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 9 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2413 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 2 Crosby Crosby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 4 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 9 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 12 Continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 14 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 17 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 20 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2414 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 2 Crosby Crosby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 4 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 9 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 12 Continuity continuity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 14 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 17 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 19 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 20 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2415 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 4 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 11 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2416 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2417 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2417 2 Promsak Promsak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2417 3 Jermsawatdi Jermsawatdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2417 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2417 5 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2417 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2417 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2418 1 Thai Thai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2418 2 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2418 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2418 4 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2418 5 Influences Influences NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2418 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2419 1 Abhinav Abhinav NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2419 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2419 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2420 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2420 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2421 1 26–27 26–27 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2421 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 7 7017 7017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 9 090 090 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2422 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 2 Sigfried Sigfried NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 4 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 5 Laet Laet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 7 Joachim Joachim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 8 Herrmann Herrmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 10 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2423 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 3 Humanity humanity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 7 seventh seventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2424 9 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2425 1 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2425 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2425 3 seventh seventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2425 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2425 5 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2425 6 UNESCO UNESCO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2425 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2426 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2426 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2427 1 422–426 422–426 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2427 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 5 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 7 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 9 102812 102812 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2428 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 3 Juergensmeyer Juergensmeyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 5 Wade Wade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 6 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 7 Roof Roof NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2429 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2430 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2430 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2430 3 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2430 4 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2430 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2431 1 Sage Sage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2431 2 Publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2431 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2432 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2432 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2432 3 1275 1275 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2432 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 7 4522 4522 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 9 6656 6656 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2433 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 2 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2434 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2435 1 16–17 16–17 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2435 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 2 Hsueh Hsueh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 4 li li NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 5 Cheng Cheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2436 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2437 1 J.J. J.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2437 2 Chambliss Chambliss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2437 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2437 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2437 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2437 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2437 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2438 1 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2438 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2438 3 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2438 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2438 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2438 6 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2438 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2439 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2439 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2440 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2440 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2441 1 60–61 60–61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2441 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 7 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 9 51168 51168 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2442 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 4 Hartmut Hartmut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 5 Scharfe Scharfe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 7 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2443 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2444 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2444 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2444 3 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2444 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2444 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2445 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2445 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2445 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2446 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2446 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2447 1 144–153 144–153 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2447 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 9 12556 12556 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2448 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2449 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2449 2 Craig Craig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2449 3 Lockard Lockard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2449 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2449 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2449 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2449 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 1 Societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 3 Networks Networks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 6 Transitions transition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 9 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 11 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 12 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2450 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2451 1 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2451 2 Mifflin Mifflin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2451 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2452 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2452 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2452 3 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2452 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2453 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2453 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2453 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2453 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2453 5 0618386123 0618386123 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2453 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2454 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2454 2 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2454 3 Higham Higham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2454 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2454 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2454 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2454 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2455 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2455 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2455 3 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2455 4 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2455 5 Civilizations Civilizations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2455 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2456 1 Infobase infobase NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2456 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2457 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2457 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2458 1 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2458 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2458 3 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2458 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 7 4381 4381 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 9 0996 0996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2459 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 2 Clarke Clarke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 4 Beyer Beyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 11 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2460 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2461 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2462 1 430 430 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2462 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2462 3 435 435 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2462 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 9 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2463 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 9 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2464 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 4 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 9 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2465 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 4 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 6 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2466 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 1 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 3 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 5 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 6 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 9 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 11 CITEREFWilliamsTribeWynne2000 CITEREFWilliamsTribeWynne2000 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 13 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 16 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 18 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 19 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 20 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 22 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 25 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 27 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 29 sfnp sfnp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 30 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 33 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 35 CITEREFWilliamsTribeWynne2000 CITEREFWilliamsTribeWynne2000 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 37 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 39 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 40 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 41 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 42 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 44 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 47 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 49 781 781 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2467 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 9 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2468 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 2 Dutt Dutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 9 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2469 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 2 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 4 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 9 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2470 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 2 Dutt Dutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 9 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2471 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 2 Dutt Dutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2472 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2473 1 57–59 57–59 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2473 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 2 Dutt Dutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2474 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2475 1 92–94 92–94 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2475 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 2 Dutt Dutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2476 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2477 1 197–198 197–198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2477 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 2 Huu Huu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 3 Phuoc Phuoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 4 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2478 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2479 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2479 2 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2479 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2480 1 Grafikol Grafikol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2480 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 2 Schedneck schedneck NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 4 Brooke Brooke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2481 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 1 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 3 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 4 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 5 Centers Centers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 7 Tourism tourism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 10 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 11 Commodification Commodification NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 13 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 14 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2482 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 3 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 10 378 378 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2483 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2484 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2485 1 409–410 409–410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2485 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 9 403 403 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2486 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2487 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2488 1 414–417 414–417 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2488 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 6 Etymology Etymology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 8 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 9 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 11 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 12 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 13 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 15 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 16 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 17 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 18 Prothero Prothero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 21 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 22 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 24 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2489 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 1 Olcott Olcott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 2 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 3 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 8 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 10 Protestant Protestant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 14 creolization creolization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 17 Prothero Prothero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 20 extensively extensively RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 21 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2490 23 K.A. K.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 1 McMahan McMahan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 4 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 5 Creolization Creolization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 6 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 8 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 9 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 10 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2491 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 2 Metaphysical Metaphysical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 3 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 5 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 6 Steel Steel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 7 Olcott Olcott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 9 PhD phd NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 10 dissertation dissertation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 12 unpublished unpublished JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 13 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 15 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 16 Arbor Arbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 17 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2492 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 2 Coleman Coleman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 5 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 12 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 13 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 16 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 17 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 19 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 20 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 21 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 23 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2493 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2494 1 203–204 203–204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2494 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 2 Konik Konik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 9 ix ix NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2495 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 2 Hayes Hayes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 9 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2496 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 2 Lamb Lamb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 4 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 9 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2497 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 2 Gowans Gowans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2498 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2499 1 18–23 18–23 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2499 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2499 3 76–88 76–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2499 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2500 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2501 1 60–63 60–63 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2501 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2501 3 74–85 74–85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2501 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2501 5 185–187 185–187 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2501 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 2 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 9 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2502 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2503 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2503 2 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2503 3 Goldman Goldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2503 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2503 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2503 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2503 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2504 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2504 2 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2504 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2504 4 Terror Terror NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2504 5 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2504 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2505 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2505 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2505 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2505 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2506 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2506 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2507 1 360–362 360–362 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2507 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 7 61069 61069 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 9 511 511 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2508 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 2 Henderson Henderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 4 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 9 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2509 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 2 Tamney Tamney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 9 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2510 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 2 Francioni Francioni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2511 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 3 Destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 6 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 8 Bamiyan Bamiyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 10 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 11 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2512 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2513 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2513 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2513 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2513 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2513 5 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2513 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2514 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2514 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2514 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2514 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2514 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2514 6 619–651 619–651 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2514 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2515 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2515 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2515 3 ejil/14.4.619 ejil/14.4.619 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2515 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 3 Attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 5 giant giant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 6 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 7 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2516 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2517 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2517 2 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2517 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2518 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2518 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2518 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2518 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2519 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2519 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2519 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2519 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2519 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 2 Paranjpe Paranjpe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 9 351 351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2520 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 2 Pavāra Pavāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2521 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2522 1 xv xv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2522 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2522 3 xviii xviii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2522 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 2 McMahan McMahan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2523 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 4 Introducing introduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 7 Experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 9 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2524 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2525 1 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2525 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2525 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2525 4 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2525 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2526 1 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2526 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2526 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2526 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2526 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2526 6 268–270 268–270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2526 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2527 1 doi:10.1353 doi:10.1353 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2527 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2527 3 pew.2004.0006 pew.2004.0006 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2527 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2528 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2528 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2528 3 170189446 170189446 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2528 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 4 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 11 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2529 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 2 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2530 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2531 1 524–529 524–529 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2531 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2532 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2532 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2532 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2532 4 Skaria Skaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2532 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2532 6 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2533 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2533 2 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2533 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2533 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 2 Ambedkar Ambedkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 4 Marx Marx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 8 Question Question NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2534 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2535 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2535 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2535 3 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2535 4 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2535 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2535 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2536 1 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2536 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2536 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2536 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2536 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2536 6 450–452 450–452 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2536 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2537 1 doi:10.1080/00856401.2015.1049726 doi:10.1080/00856401.2015.1049726 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2537 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 4 Eleanor Eleanor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 5 Zelliot Zelliot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2538 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 1 Knut Knut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 2 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 3 Jacobsen Jacobsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2539 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2540 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2540 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2540 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2540 4 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2540 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2540 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2541 1 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2541 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2541 3 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2541 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2542 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2542 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2543 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2543 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2543 3 361–370 361–370 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2543 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 7 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 9 40357 40357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2544 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 2 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 4 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2545 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2546 1 24–26 24–26 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2546 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2547 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2547 2 Gary Gary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2547 3 Tartakov Tartakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2547 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2547 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2547 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2547 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2548 1 Rowena Rowena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2548 2 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2548 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2548 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2548 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2548 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2548 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 1 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 2 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 4 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 6 Modes Modes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 8 Motivations Motivations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 11 Meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2549 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2550 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2550 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2550 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2550 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2551 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2551 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2552 1 192–213 192–213 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2552 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 9 566329 566329 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2553 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 2 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 9 385 385 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2554 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2555 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2556 1 125–128 125–128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2556 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2557 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2557 2 Rory Rory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2557 3 Mackenzie Mackenzie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2557 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2557 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2557 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2557 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 1 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 3 Movements Movements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 5 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 7 Towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 9 Understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 11 Wat Wat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 12 Phra Phra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 13 Dhammakaya Dhammakaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 15 Santi Santi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 16 Asoke Asoke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2558 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2559 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2559 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2560 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2560 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2561 1 175–179 175–179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2561 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 9 13262 13262 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2562 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 3 Marty Marty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 5 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 6 Scott Scott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 7 Appleby Appleby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 9 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2563 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2564 1 Fundamentalisms Fundamentalisms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2564 2 Observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2564 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2565 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2565 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2565 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2565 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2565 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2566 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2566 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2567 1 660–667 660–667 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2567 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 9 50878 50878 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2568 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 2 Oppenheimer Oppenheimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2569 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 3 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 4 Predator Predator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 7 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 8 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 9 Side Side NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2570 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2571 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2571 2 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2571 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2572 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2572 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2572 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2572 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2572 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 2 Corder Corder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 4 Mike Mike NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 6 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2573 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 2 Dalai Dalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 3 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 4 Meets Meets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 5 Alleged alleged JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 6 Victims Victims NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 8 Abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 11 Gurus Gurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2574 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2575 1 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2575 2 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2575 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2576 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2576 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2576 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2576 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2576 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 2 Marsh Marsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 4 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2577 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 2 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 4 admits admit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 5 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 6 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 8 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2578 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2579 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2579 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2579 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 2 Sperry Sperry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 4 Rod Rod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 5 Meade Meade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 7 Atwood Atwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 9 Haleigh Haleigh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 11 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 12 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 13 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2580 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 2 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 4 Stream Stream NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 6 investigate investigate VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 7 allegations allegation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 9 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 10 misconduct misconduct NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 12 Noah Noah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 13 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 15 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 16 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 19 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2581 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2582 1 Lion Lion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2582 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2582 3 Roar Roar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2582 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2583 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2583 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2583 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2583 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2583 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 2 Shute Shute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 4 Joe Joe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 6 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 8 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2584 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 2 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 3 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 6 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 7 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 10 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 11 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 12 scandal scandal NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2585 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2586 1 Telegraph Telegraph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2586 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 2 Marion Marion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 3 Dapsance Dapsance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 5 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2587 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 2 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 3 Fraud fraud NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 5 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 8 Spiritual Spiritual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 9 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 12 tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 13 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 15 Plays play NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 17 Reality Reality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 19 Illusion Illusion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2588 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 2 Amanda Amanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 3 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 4 Eck Eck NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 5 Duymaer Duymaer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 6 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 7 Twist Twist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2589 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 1 Minority Minority NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 2 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 4 Fraud fraud NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 7 Good Good NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 8 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2590 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2591 1 Ashgate Ashgate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2591 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2591 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2592 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2592 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2592 3 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2592 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 7 4724 4724 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 9 0913 0913 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2593 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 2 Sperry Sperry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 4 Rod Rod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 5 Meade Meade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 8 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 9 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2594 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 2 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 3 allegations allegation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 5 Sogyal Sogyal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 6 Rinpoche Rinpoche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 7 retires retire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 9 Rigpa Rigpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2595 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2596 1 Lion Lion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2596 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2596 3 Roar Roar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2596 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2597 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2597 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2597 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2597 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2597 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 2 Fang Fang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 4 Litian Litian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 6 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2598 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 2 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 5 Traditional Traditional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 6 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 10 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2599 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2600 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2600 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 2 Nina Nina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 3 Mirnig Mirnig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 5 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 7 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 8 Szanto Szanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 10 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 11 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 13 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2601 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 1 Puspika Puspika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 3 Tracing trace VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 5 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 6 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 7 Texts Texts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 9 Traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 11 Contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 13 Current Current NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 14 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 16 Indology Indology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 17 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 18 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 20 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 21 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2602 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2603 1 Oxbow Oxbow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2603 2 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2603 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2604 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2604 2 S.N. S.N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2605 1 Dasgupta Dasgupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2605 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2605 3 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2605 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2605 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 3 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 4 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 6 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 10 494 494 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2606 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 2 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 3 Mallinson Mallinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 5 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 6 Singleton Singleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2607 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 1 Roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 3 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 4 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 5 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 7 Dreyfus Dreyfus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 9 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 11 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2608 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 1 Recognizing recognize VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 2 Reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 4 Dharmakirti Dharmakirti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 6 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 9 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 10 Interpretations Interpretations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2609 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2610 1 SUNY SUNY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2610 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2611 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2611 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2612 1 15–16 15–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2612 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 2 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 4 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 7 Dutt Dutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 9 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2613 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2614 1 332–333 332–333 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2614 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 2 Steinberg Steinberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2615 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 1 Burma Burma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 3 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 5 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 6 Everyone everyone NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 7 Needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 9 Know know VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2616 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2617 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2617 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2617 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2617 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2618 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2618 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2618 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2618 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 2 Kieschnick Kieschnick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2619 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 2 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 6 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 7 Material Material NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2620 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2621 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2621 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2621 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2621 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2622 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2622 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2623 1 177–181 177–181 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2623 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 2 Salguero Salguero NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 5 Pierce Pierce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 7 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2624 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2625 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2625 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2625 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2625 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 6 Anthology Anthology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 8 Premodern Premodern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 9 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2626 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2627 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2627 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2627 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2627 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2628 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2628 2 Cush Cush NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2628 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2628 4 Denise Denise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2628 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 6 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 9 Encyclopedic Encyclopedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 10 Sourcebook Sourcebook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 12 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 13 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 14 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 15 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 17 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 18 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 19 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2629 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 2 Fromm Fromm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 4 Erich Erich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2630 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2631 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2631 2 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2631 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2631 4 Being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2631 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2632 1 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2632 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2632 3 Continuum Continuum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2632 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 5 8264 8264 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 7 0673 0673 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2633 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 2 Kabat Kabat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 4 Zinn Zinn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 6 Jon Jon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2634 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 1 Coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 3 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 4 Senses sense NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 6 Healing Healing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 7 Ourselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 10 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 11 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 12 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2635 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2636 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2636 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2637 1 12–13 12–13 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2637 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2638 1 Hyperion Hyperion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2638 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 5 7868 7868 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 7 8654 8654 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2639 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2640 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2640 2 Hoffer Hoffer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2640 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2640 4 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2640 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 3 Freud Freud NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 6 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 9 Couch Couch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 12 Cushion Cushion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2641 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 2 Fromm Fromm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 4 Erich Erich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 6 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 7 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 8 Suzuki Suzuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 10 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 11 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 12 Martino Martino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 14 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2642 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2643 1 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2643 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2643 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2643 4 Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2643 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2644 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2644 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 1 77–78 77–78 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 5 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 7 Row Row NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2645 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 5 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 7 090175 090175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2646 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 2 Pearlman Pearlman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 4 Ellen Ellen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 8 Nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 10 Everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 14 Influence Influence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 19 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 20 Avant Avant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 21 Garde Garde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 23 1942–1962 1942–1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 24 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 25 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 26 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 27 ^ ^ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 29 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 30 Shamanism shamanism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 32 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 33 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 35 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 36 Beliefs Beliefs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 38 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 41 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2647 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2648 1 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2648 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2648 3 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2648 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2649 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2649 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2649 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2649 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2649 5 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2649 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 4 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 6 Grim Grim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2650 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2651 1 34–37 34–37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2651 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 4 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2652 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 2 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 4 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 6 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 8 Religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 10 Churches church VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 11 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 12 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 13 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 14 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 15 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 16 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 17 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 20 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 21 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 23 Katharina Katharina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 24 Wenzel Wenzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 26 Teuber Teuber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 28 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 31 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 32 Zentrum Zentrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 34 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 35 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 37 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 38 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 39 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 40 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 41 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 42 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 44 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2653 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 10 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 11 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 12 k k NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 13 l l NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 14 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 15 n n CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 16 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 17 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 18 q q NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 19 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 21 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 22 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 23 Landscape Landscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 25 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 26 Composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 28 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2654 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2655 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2655 2 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2655 3 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2655 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2656 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2656 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2656 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2656 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2656 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 3 ФСО ФСО NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 4 доложила доложила NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 5 о о NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 6 межконфессиональных межконфессиональных NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 7 отношениях отношениях VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 8 в в NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 9 РФ РФ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2657 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2658 1 ZNAK ZNAK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2658 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2659 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2659 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2659 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2659 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2659 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2660 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2660 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2660 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2660 4 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2660 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2660 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2661 1 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2661 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2661 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2661 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2662 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2662 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2662 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2662 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2662 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 2 https://royalsociety.org.nz/assets/Uploads/Our-futures-submissionPaul-Morris.pdf https://royalsociety.org.nz/assets/Uploads/Our-futures-submissionPaul-Morris.pdf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 4 Taonga Taonga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 7 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 8 Ministry Ministry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 10 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 12 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 13 Te Te NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 14 Manatu Manatu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2663 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2664 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2664 2 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2664 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2664 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2665 1 teara.govt.nz teara.govt.nz ADD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2665 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2666 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2666 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2666 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2666 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2666 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20040413081552/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/zuhyou/y2322a00.xls https://web.archive.org/web/20040413081552/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/zuhyou/y2322a00.xls ADD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 3 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 4 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 5 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 8 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 9 Household Household NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 10 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 11 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 12 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 13 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 14 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 17 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 18 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2667 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 1 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 2 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 3 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 4 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 5 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 9 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 10 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 12 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 14 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 15 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 16 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 17 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 18 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 19 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 22 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 25 Registrar Registrar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 26 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 27 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 28 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 29 Commissioner Commissioner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 31 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 32 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 33 Printed Printed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 34 sources source VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 35 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 36 Sucitto Sucitto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 38 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 41 Turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 43 Wheel Wheel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 45 Truth Truth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 46 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 47 Commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 48 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 50 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 51 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 52 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 53 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 55 Shambhala Shambhala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 56 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 58 Carol Carol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 60 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 63 Pain Pain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 65 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 66 Ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 67 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 68 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 69 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 70 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 71 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 72 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 74 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 75 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 76 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 78 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 79 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 81 Carol Carol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 82 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 83 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2668 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2669 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2669 2 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2669 3 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2669 4 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2669 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2669 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2670 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2670 2 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2670 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2670 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2670 5 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2671 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2671 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2671 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2671 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2671 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2672 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2672 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2672 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2672 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2673 1 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2673 2 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2673 3 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2673 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2674 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2674 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2674 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2674 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2674 5 0028657189 0028657189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2674 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 1 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 3 Carol Carol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 8 Pain Pain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 10 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 11 Ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 14 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 15 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 16 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 19 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 20 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 21 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 23 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 24 Armstrong Armstrong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 26 Karen Karen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 28 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 31 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 33 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 34 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 36 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 37   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 38 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 40 0143034360 0143034360 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 41 Aronson Aronson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 43 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2675 44 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2676 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2676 2 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2676 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2676 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2677 1 Love love NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2677 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2677 3 Sympathy Sympathy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2677 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2677 5 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2677 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2677 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2678 1 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2678 2 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2678 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 9 1403 1403 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2679 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 1 Bareau Bareau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 3 André André NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 5 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 9 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 10 Sectes Sectes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 11 bouddhiques bouddhique VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 12 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 13 Petit Petit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 14 Véhicule Véhicule NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 16 Saigon Saigon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 18 École École NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 19 Française Française NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 20 d'Extrême d'Extrême NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 22 Orient Orient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 23 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 25 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 27 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 31 Connected connected JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 32 Discourses Discourses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 35 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2680 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 2 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 5 Samyutta Samyutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 6 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 8 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 9 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 11 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 13 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 15 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 17 86171 86171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 19 331 331 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 21 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 22 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 24 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 26 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2681 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 3 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 5 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 8 Anthology anthology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 10 Discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 13 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 14 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2682 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2683 1 Somerville somerville NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2683 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2683 3 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2683 4 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2683 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 7 86171 86171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 9 491 491 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2684 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 1 Bond bond NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 3 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 4 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 6 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 11 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 13 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 14 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 16 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 17 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 19 Reinterpretation Reinterpretation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 21 Response Response NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 23 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 24 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 25 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 26 Brazier Brazier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 28 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 30 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 34 Feeling Feeling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 35 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 37 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 38 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 39 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 41 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 43 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 46 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 47 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 48 Traditions Traditions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 49 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 50 Meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 51 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 52 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 53 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 55 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 56 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 57 Publ Publ NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2685 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 1 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 3 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 5 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 9 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 12 Believe Believe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 14 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 16 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2686 17 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 7 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 10 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 12 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 14 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 17 1–20 1–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 18 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 20 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 22 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 25 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 26 Magadha Magadha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 28 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 30 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 32 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 33 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2687 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 1 Series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 3 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 5 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 6 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 8 Section Section NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 10 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 11 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 12 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 14 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 15 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 16 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 17 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 19 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 21 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 22 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 23 9004115194 9004115194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 24 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 26 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 28 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2688 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2689 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2689 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2689 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2689 4 Shadow Shadow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2689 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2689 6 Brahmanism Brahmanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2689 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2690 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2690 2 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2690 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 9 20140 20140 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2691 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2692 1 Bronkhorst Bronkhorst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2692 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2692 3 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2692 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2692 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2692 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2692 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2693 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2693 2 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2693 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2693 4 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2693 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2694 1 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2694 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2694 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 7 86171 86171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 9 811 811 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2695 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 1 Bucknell Bucknell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 3 Rod Rod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 5 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 12 Liberation Liberation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 14 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 15 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 18 Listing listing NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 20 Stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 24 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 27 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 28 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 30 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 31 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 33 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 35 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 37 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 39 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 40 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 41 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 42 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 43 Gimello Gimello NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 45 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 46 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 48 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2696 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 2 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 5 Paths Paths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 7 Liberation Liberation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2697 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 2 Marga Marga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 5 Transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 8 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 10 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 12 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 13 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 14 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 15 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 17 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 18 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 19 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 21 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 23 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 24 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 26 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 30 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 31 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 33 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 35 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 36 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 37 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 38 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 40 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 41 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 43 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2698 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 5 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 9 MacMillan MacMillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 10 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 11 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 13 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 15 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 17 0028657189 0028657189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 18 Carrithers Carrithers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 20 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 22 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 25 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 26 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 28 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 29 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 30 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 33 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 34 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 35 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 36 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 37 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 38 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 39 Carrithers Carrithers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 41 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 43 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 46 Founders founder NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 48 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 50 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 51 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 52 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 54 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 55 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 56 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 57 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 58 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 59 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 60 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 62 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 63   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 64 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 65 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 66 0192830661 0192830661 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 67 Carter Carter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 69 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 70 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 72 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 75 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 76 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 77 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 78 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 79 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 81 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 82 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 84 Lindsay Lindsay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 85 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 86 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2699 87 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 3 MacMillan MacMillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 4 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 6 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 8 MacMillan MacMillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 9 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 11 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 13 keat keat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 15 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 19 Fundamental Fundamental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 20 Teachings Teachings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 22 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 23 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 25 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 26 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 27 Study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 28 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 31 Sutranga Sutranga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 32 Portion Portion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 35 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 36 Samyutta Samyutta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 38 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 41 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 42 Samyuktagama Samyuktagama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 44 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 45 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 46 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 47 Choong Choong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 49 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 51 Keat Keat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 53 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 56 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 57 Notion Notion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 59 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 61 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 62 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 64 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 65 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 67 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 68   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 69 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 70 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 71 8120816497 8120816497 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 72 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 74 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 75 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 77 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2700 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 1 Beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 2 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 6 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 8 Modernity Modernity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2701 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2702 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2702 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 1 Conze Conze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 9 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 11 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 13 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 14 Phases Phases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 17 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 19 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 21 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 23 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 25 1134542314 1134542314 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 26 Clarke Clarke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 28 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 29 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 31 Beyer Beyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 33 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 35 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 38 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 39 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 41 Religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 42 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 43 continuities continuity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 45 transformations transformation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 47 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 49 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 50   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 51 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 53 0415397254 0415397254 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 54 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 56 Randall Randall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 58 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 61 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 62 Sociology Sociology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 64 Philosophies Philosophies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 65 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 66 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 67 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 68 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 70 Intellectual Intellectual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 71 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 73 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 74 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 75 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 77 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 78   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 79 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 80 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 81 0674001879 0674001879 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 82 Collins Collins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 84 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 85 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 86 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 87 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2703 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2704 1 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2704 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2704 3 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2704 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2704 5 Felicities Felicities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2704 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2705 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2705 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2705 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2705 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2706 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2706 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2706 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2706 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2706 5 0521570541 0521570541 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2706 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 1 Conze Conze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 3 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 9 Perfection Perfection NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 11 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 13 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 14 Thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 15 Lines Lines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 18 Verse Verse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 19 Summary Summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 21 Grey Grey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 22 Fox Fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 23 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 25 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 27 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 29 0877040491 0877040491 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 30 Coogan Coogan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 32 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 33 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 35 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2707 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 6 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 7 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 10 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 12 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 13 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 14 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 18 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 20 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 22 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 24 521997 521997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 26 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 27 Cousins Cousins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2708 29 L.S. L.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 2 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 7 Dating dating NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 10 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 13 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 14 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 15 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 18 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 21 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 22 Asiatic Asiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 23 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 25 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 26 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 28 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 31 57–63 57–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 33 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 34 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 35 S1356186300014760 S1356186300014760 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 37 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 40 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 41 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 42 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 43 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 44 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 46 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 47 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 48 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 49 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 50 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 51 reprinted reprint VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 53 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 55 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 57 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 58 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 59 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 60 NB NB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 61 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 63 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 64 transcript transcript NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 65 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 66 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 67 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 68 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 69 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 70 accidentally accidentally RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 71 omitted omit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 72 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 73 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 74 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 75 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 77 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 78 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 79 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 80 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 83 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 84 contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 85 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 86 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 87 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 88 envisage envisage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 89 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 90 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 91 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 92 420 420 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 93 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2709 94 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2710 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2710 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2710 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2710 4 350 350 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2710 5 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2710 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 1 insert insert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 3 Akira Akira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 4 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 5 defends defend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 7 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 8 chronology chronology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 10 Heinz Heinz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 11 Bechert Bechert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 12 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 13 sets set VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 15 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 17 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 18 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2711 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 1 Davidson Davidson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 3 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 9 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 10 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 14 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 15 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 18 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 19 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 21 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 22 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 24 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 25 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 26 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 28 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 30 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 32 0231126199 0231126199 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 33 Dutt Dutt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 35 Sukumar Sukumar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 37 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 39 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 40 1962 1962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2712 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 2 Monks Monks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 3 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 4 Monasteries Monasteries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 6 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 8 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 10 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 11 Contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 12 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 13 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 14 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2713 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2714 1 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2714 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2714 3 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2714 4 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2714 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 7 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 9 0498 0498 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2715 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 1 Eliade Eliade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 3 Mircea Mircea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 5 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 6 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 7 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 9 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2716 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 2 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 6 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 8 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 10 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 11 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 13 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 15 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 17 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 19 0029094808 0029094808 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 20 Eliot Eliot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 22 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 24 1935 1935 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 27 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 28 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 30 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 32 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 33 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 34 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 35 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 36 Embree Embree NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 38 Ainslie Ainslie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 39 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 40 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 41 Hay Hay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 43 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 44 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 46 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 47 Bary Bary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 49 Wm Wm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2717 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2718 1 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2718 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2718 3 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 2718 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 2 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 5 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 7 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 8 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 10 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 12 Beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 14 1800 1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 16 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 18 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 19 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 21 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 22 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 23 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 25 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 27 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 29 0231066518 0231066518 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 30 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 32 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 33 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 35 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2719 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 6 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 9 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 11 hardback hardback NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 14 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 16 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 20 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 22 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 24 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 26 65877 65877 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 28 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 29 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 31 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 32 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 34 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2720 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 6 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 9 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 11 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 14 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 16 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 20 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 22 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 24 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 26 14466 14466 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 28 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 29 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 30 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 31 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 32 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 33 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 35 Merv Merv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 37 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 40 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 42 Beliefs Beliefs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 44 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 46 Sussex Sussex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 47 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 48 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 50 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 51   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 52 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 54 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 56 898723 898723 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 58 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 60 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 61 Frauwallner Frauwallner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 63 Erich Erich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 65 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 68 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 70 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 71 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 72 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 73 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 74 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 75 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 77 Veda Veda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 81 epic epic NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2721 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2722 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2722 2 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2722 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2722 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2722 5 Jina Jina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2722 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 2 Sāmkhya Sāmkhya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 5 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 6 Yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 8 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 10 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 11 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 12 Funayama Funayama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 14 Tōru Tōru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 16 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 21 Acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 23 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 24 Precepts Precepts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 27 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 30 Fifth Fifth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 31 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 34 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 36 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 37 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 39 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 41 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 44 97–120 97–120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 46 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 48 41933379 41933379 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 49 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 51 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 53 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 56 Foundations Foundations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 58 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 60 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 61 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 62 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 63 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 64 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 66 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 67   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 68 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 69 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 70 0192892232 0192892232 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 71 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 73 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 74 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 75 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 76 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 77 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 78 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 79 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 81 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 82 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 83 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 84 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 85 Awakening awakening NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 86 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 87 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 88 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 91 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 92 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 93 Pakkhiyā Pakkhiyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 94 Dhammā Dhammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 95 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 96 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 97 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2723 98 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 5 Oneworld Oneworld NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 6 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 8 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 10 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 11 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 12 1851682850 1851682850 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 13 Gethin Gethin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 15 Rupert Rupert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 17 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 20 Sayings saying NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 23 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 25 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 26 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 27 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 28 Getz Getz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 30 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2724 31 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 6 Precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 10 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 12 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2725 13 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2726 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2726 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2726 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 7 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 8 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 9 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 11 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 12 Gale Gale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 16 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 18 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 20 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 22 865720 865720 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 24 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 26 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 29 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 31 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 32 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 33 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 35 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 36 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 37 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 38 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 39 Goleman Goleman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 41 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 43 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2727 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 1 Destructive Destructive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 2 Emotions Emotions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 5 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 6 Dialogue Dialogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 9 Dalai Dalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 10 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2728 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2729 1 Bantam Bantam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2729 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2730 1 Kindle Kindle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2730 2 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2730 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 1 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 5 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 13 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 14 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 18 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 20 0500250891 0500250891 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 21 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 23 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 24 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 26 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 29 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 30 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 32 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 33 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 34 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 36 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 37 Benares Benares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 39 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 40 Colombo Colombo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 42 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 44 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 46 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 48 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 50 0415075855 0415075855 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 51 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 53 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 54 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 56 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 59 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 60 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 61 Began Began NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 63 Munshiram Munshiram NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 64 Manoharlal Manoharlal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 65 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 67 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 68 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 69 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 70 Kindness Kindness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 71 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 72 compassion compassion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 73 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 74 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 75 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 76 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 77 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 78 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2731 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2732 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2732 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2732 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2732 4 2005a 2005a CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2732 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2732 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 1 Gombrich Gombrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 3 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 4 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2733 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 1 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 8 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 9 Benares Benares NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 11 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 12 Colombo Colombo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 14 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 15 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2734 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2735 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2735 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 9 90352 90352 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2736 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2737 1 Gowans Gowans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2737 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2737 3 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2737 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2737 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2737 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2737 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 1 Philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 4 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 7 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2738 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2739 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2739 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 7 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 9 46973 46973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2740 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 1 Gowans Gowans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 3 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 6 Ethical Ethical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 7 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 9 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2741 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 2 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2742 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2743 1 429–451 429–451 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2743 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 1 Gowans Gowans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 3 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 10 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 11 Philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 13 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 14 Introduction Introduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 16 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 18 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 20 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 22 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 24 317 317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 26 65935 65935 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 28 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 29 Gyatso Gyatso NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 31 Geshe Geshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 32 Kelsang Kelsang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 34 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 37 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 39 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 41 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 42 Explanation Explanation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 45 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 46 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 48 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 50 Tharpa Tharpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 51 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 53 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 54   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 55 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 56 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 57 0978906771 0978906771 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 58 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 60 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 62 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 65 Religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 66 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 67 Focus Focus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 69 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 70 Approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 71 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 72 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 74 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 75 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 77 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 78 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 80 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 81 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 82 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 84 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 85 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 86 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 88 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 89 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 90 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 91 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 92 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 93 Teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 95 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 96 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 97 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 99 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 100 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 101 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 103 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 104   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 105 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 106 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 107 0521313339 0521313339 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 108 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 109 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 110 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 111 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 112 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 113 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 115 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 116 Selfless selfless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 117 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 118 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 119 Curzon Curzon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 120 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 121 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 122 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 123 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 124 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 125 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 126 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 127 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 128 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 129 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 130 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 131 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 132 Ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 133 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 134 Foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 135 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 136 Values Values NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 137 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 138 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 139 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 140 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 141 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 143 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 144 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 145 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 146 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 147 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 148   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 149 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 150 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 151 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 152 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 153 511 511 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 154 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 155 07584 07584 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 156 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 157 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 158 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 159 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 160 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 161 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 162 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 163 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 164 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 165 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 166 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 167 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 168 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 169 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 170 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 171 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 172 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 173 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 174 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 175 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 176 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 177 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 178 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 179 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 180 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2744 181 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 6 Teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 10 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 12 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 13 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2745 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2746 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2746 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2746 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2746 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 9 67674 67674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2747 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 1 Hawkins Hawkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 3 Bradley Bradley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 4 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 10 Pocket Pocket NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 11 Idiots Idiots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 12 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 16 Laurence Laurence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 17 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 19 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 21 Alpha Alpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 24 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 26 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 28 0028644592 0028644592 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 29 Hayes Hayes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 31 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 32 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 34 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 38 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 39 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 41 Window window NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 42 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 43 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 44 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 48 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 50 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 51 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 52 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 54 Duncan Duncan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 55 Ryuken Ryuken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 57 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2748 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 6 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 8 Findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 10 Recent Recent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 11 Scholarship Scholarship NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 13 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 14 Henderson Henderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 16 Carol Carol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 17 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 19 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 22 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 24 Customs Customs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 26 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 28 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 29 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 30 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 31 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 33 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 34 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 36 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 39 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 41 Jade Jade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 42 Gate Gate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 44 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 45 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 46 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 47 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 50 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 51 Routes Routes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 52 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 54 Later Later NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 55 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 56 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 58 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 59 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 60 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 61 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 62 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 64 Charleston Charleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 66 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 67 Carolina Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 69 BookSurge BookSurge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 71 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 72   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 73 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 74 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 75 1439221341 1439221341 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 76 Hirakawa Hirakawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 78 Akira Akira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 79 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 80 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 83 Groner Groner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 85 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 87 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2749 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 6 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 10 Śākyamuni Śākyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 12 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 13 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 15 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 17 Groner Groner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 19 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 21 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 23 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 24 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 26 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 28 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 30 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 32 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 34 0955 0955 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 36 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 37 Hodge Hodge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 39 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 41 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 44 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 45 Masterclass Masterclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 47 Godsfield Godsfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 48 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 49 Hookham Hookham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2750 51 S.K. S.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 6 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 7 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 9 Tathagatagarbha Tathagatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 10 Doctrine Doctrine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 11 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 14 Shentong Shentong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 15 Interpretation Interpretation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 18 Ratnagotravibhaga Ratnagotravibhaga NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 20 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 21 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 23 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 24 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 25 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 27 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 29 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 31 0791403570 0791403570 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 32 Horigan Horigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2751 34 D.P. D.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 2 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 6 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 7 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 9 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 10 Punishment Punishment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 14 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 17 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 18 Penalty Penalty NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 21 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 22 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 24 Jurisprudence Jurisprudence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 26 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 27 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 28 271–288 271–288 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 30 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 31 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 32 ajj/41.1.271 ajj/41.1.271 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 33 Huxter Huxter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 35 Malcolm Malcolm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 37 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 40 Healing heal VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 42 Heart Heart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 44 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 46 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 48 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 49 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 51 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 52 Moment Moment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 54 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 56 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 57   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 58 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 60 1317505402 1317505402 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 61 Jaini Jaini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 63 Padmanabh Padmanabh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 64 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 66 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 69 Collected Collected NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 70 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 71 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 72 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 73 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 75 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 76 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 78 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 80 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 81 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 82 8120817760 8120817760 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 83 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 85 Todd Todd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 86 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 87 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 88 Grim Grim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 89 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 90 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2752 91 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2753 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2753 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2753 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2753 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 4 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 6 Figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 9 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 11 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 12 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 13 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 15 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2754 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 1 Hoboken Hoboken NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 3 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 5 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 7 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2755 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2756 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2756 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2757 1 34–37 34–37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2757 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 9 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 10 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2758 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2759 1 Jong Jong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2759 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2759 3 J.W. J.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 1 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 3 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 8 Beginnings Beginnings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 14 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 15 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 17 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 19 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 21 Juergensmeyer Juergensmeyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 23 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 25 Roof Roof NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 27 Wade Wade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 28 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 30 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 33 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 35 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 36 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 38 Sage Sage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 39 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 41 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 42   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 43 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 45 1452266565 1452266565 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 46 Kalupahana Kalupahana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 48 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 50 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2760 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 2 Sarvastivada Sarvastivada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 5 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 7 sarvam sarvam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 8 asti asti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2761 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2762 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2762 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2762 3 Ceylon Ceylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2762 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2762 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2763 1 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2763 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2763 3 94–105 94–105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2763 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2764 1 Kanno Kanno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2764 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2764 3 Hiroshi Hiroshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2764 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2764 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2764 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2764 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 2 Huisi Huisi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 4 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 7 Lotus Lotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 8 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 10 Seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 11 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 13 Meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 16 Course course NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 18 Ease Ease NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 20 Bliss Bliss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 23 Lotus Lotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 24 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 27 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2765 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 4 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 6 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 7 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2766 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2767 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2767 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2767 3 146–166 146–166 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2767 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 9 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 10 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2768 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2769 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2769 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2769 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2769 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2769 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2770 1 Kasulis Kasulis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2770 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2770 3 T.P. T.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 6 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 9 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 10 Ethics Ethics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 12 Responsiveness responsiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 15 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 18 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 20 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 21 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 23 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 25 1–12 1–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 27 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 30 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 32 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 35 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 36 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 37 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 38 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 40 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 42 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 45 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 46 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 47 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 48 Very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 49 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 50 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 52 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 53 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 54 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 55 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 57 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 59 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 62 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 64 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 66 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 67 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 68 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 70 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 71   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 72 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 73 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 74 0191579172 0191579172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 75 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 77 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 78 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 79 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 81 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 82 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 83 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 84 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 87 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 89 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 91 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 92 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 93 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 95 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 96   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 97 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 98 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 99 0415314145 0415314145 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 100 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 102 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 103 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 104 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 105 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 106 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 107 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 108 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 109 Sterling Sterling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 110 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 112 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 113   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 114 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 115 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 116 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 117 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 118 4027 4027 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 119 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 120 6883 6883 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 121 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 122 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 123 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 124 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 125 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 126 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 127 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 129 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 130 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 131 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 132 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 133 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 134 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 135 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 136 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 137 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 138 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 139 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 140 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 141 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 143 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 144   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 145 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 146 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 147 0415556248 0415556248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 148 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 149 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 150 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 151 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 152 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 153 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 154 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 155 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 156 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 157 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 158 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2771 159 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2772 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2772 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2772 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2772 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2773 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2773 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2774 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2774 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2774 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2774 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2774 5 1136985881 1136985881 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2774 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2775 1 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2775 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2775 3 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2775 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2776 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2776 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2776 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2776 4 Biomedical Biomedical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2776 5 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2776 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2776 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 2 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2777 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2778 1 613–630 613–630 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2778 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 1 Kingsland Kingsland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 3 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 8 Siddhartha Siddhartha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 10 Brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 12 Unlocking unlock VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 14 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 15 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 17 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 19 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 20 Klostermaier Klostermaier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 22 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 24 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2779 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 2 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 4 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 6 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2780 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2781 1 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2781 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2781 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2781 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2781 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2781 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2781 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2782 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2782 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2782 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2782 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2782 5 0791480113 0791480113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2782 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2783 1 Kochumuttom Kochumuttom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2783 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2783 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2783 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 2 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 6 buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 7 Doctrine Doctrine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 9 Experience Experience NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2784 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 3 Translation Translation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 5 Interpretation Interpretation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 8 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 10 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 12 Yogacarin Yogacarin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 14 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 16 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 17 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 18 Konik Konik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 20 Adrian Adrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 22 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 27 Transgression Transgression NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 30 Appropriation Appropriation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 32 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 35 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 36 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 38 BRIIL BRIIL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 39 Krishan Krishan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 41 Yuvraj Yuvraj NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 43 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2785 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 2 Doctrine Doctrine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 4 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 6 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 7 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 9 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 11 Brāhmaṇical Brāhmaṇical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 13 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 16 Jaina Jaina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 17 Traditions Traditions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2786 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2787 1 Vidya Vidya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2787 2 Bhavan Bhavan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2787 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2788 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2788 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2788 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2788 4 - - CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2788 5 8120812338 8120812338 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2788 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 1 Kuan Kuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 3 Tse Tse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 5 fu fu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2789 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 1 Mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 3 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 7 Approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 8 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 9 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 11 Textual Textual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 12 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 14 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 16 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 18 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 19 Sources Sources NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2790 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2791 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2791 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 1 Lamb Lamb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 3 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 9 Cosmology Cosmology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 11 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 13 symbolism symbolism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 17 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 19 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 21 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2792 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 5 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 6 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 7 Ledgerwood Ledgerwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 9 Judy Judy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 15 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 16 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 18 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 19 Kandal Kandal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 20 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 21 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 23 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 27 Kent Kent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 29 Alexandra Alexandra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 31 Chandler Chandler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 33 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 35 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 2793 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 3 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 5 Virtue Virtue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 7 Reconfiguring reconfigure VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 8 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 10 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 12 Moral Moral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 13 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 15 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 16 Today Today NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 18 Nordic Nordic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 19 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 21 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 22 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 24 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 26 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 28 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 30 7694 7694 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 32 036 036 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 34 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 35 Lindtner Lindtner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 37 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 39 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 42 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 44 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 46 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 47 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 48 Lindtner Lindtner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 50 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 52 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 56 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 57 Brahmanism Brahmanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 58 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 59 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 60 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 62 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 63 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 65 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 66 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 67 5–37 5–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 69 doi:10.1080/09552369908575487 doi:10.1080/09552369908575487 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 70 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 72 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 73 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 74 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 75 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 76 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 78 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 79 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 80 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 82 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 83 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 84 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 86 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 87   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 88 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 89 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 90 0691044422 0691044422 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 91 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 93 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 94 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 95 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 96 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 97 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 99 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 100 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 102 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 104 HarperCollins HarperCollins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 105 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 106 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 107 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 108 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 109 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 110 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 111 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 112 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 113 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 114 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 115 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 116 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 117 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 118 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 119 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 120 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 121 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 122 Perplexed Perplexed NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 123 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 124 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 125 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 126 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 127 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 128 Lusthaus Lusthaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 129 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 130 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 131 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 132 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 133 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 134 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 135 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 136 Phenomenology Phenomenology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 138 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 139 Makransky Makransky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 140 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 141 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2794 142 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 5 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 6 Embodied Embodied NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 8 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 10 Controversy Controversy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 12 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 14 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 16 SUNY SUNY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 17 Matthews Matthews NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 19 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 21 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 25 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 27 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 28 Developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 29 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 31 Concepts Concepts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 33 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 35 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 37 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 38 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 42 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 43 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 44 Neufeldt Neufeldt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 46 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2795 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 3 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 5 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 7 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 9 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 10 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 12 SUNY SUNY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 13 McClelland McClelland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 15 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 16 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 18 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 21 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 23 Reincarnation Reincarnation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 25 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 27 McFarland McFarland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 29 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 31 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 33 0786456758 0786456758 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 34 McFarlane McFarlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 36 Stewart Stewart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 38 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 42 Making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 43 Moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 44 Decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 48 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 49 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 51 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2796 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 5 Continuum Continuum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 7 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 9 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 11 0826453501 0826453501 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 12 Métraux Métraux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 14 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2797 15 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2798 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2798 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2798 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2798 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 2 Soka Soka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 3 Gakkai Gakkai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 4 Became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 6 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 8 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2799 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 1 Lewiston Lewiston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 6 Edwin Edwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 7 Mellen Mellen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2800 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2801 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2801 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2801 3 vi vi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2801 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2802 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2802 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2802 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2802 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2802 5 0773437586 0773437586 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2802 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 1 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 3 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 4 Stoler Stoler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 9 Yoga yoga NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 11 Discipline Discipline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 13 Freedom Freedom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 16 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 17 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 18 Attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 20 Patanjali Patanjali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 23 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 26 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 29 Commentary Commentary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 31 Introduction Introduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 34 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 36 Keywords Keywords NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 38 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 40 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 41 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 42 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 44 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 45 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 47 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 50 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 52 introducing introduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 54 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 55 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 57 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 58 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 59 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 61 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 62   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 63 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 64 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 65 0195139518 0195139518 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 66 Mizuno Mizuno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 68 Kogen Kogen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 70 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 73 Essentials Essentials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 75 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 76 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 77 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 78 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 80 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 82 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 83 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 84 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 85 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 87 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 88 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 89 Kosei Kosei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 91 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 92   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 93 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 94 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 95 4333016839 4333016839 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 96 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 98 Peggy Peggy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 99 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 100 Lawton Lawton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 102 Clive Clive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 103 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 105 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2803 106 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 5 Ethical Ethical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 6 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 8 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 9 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 10 Traditions Traditions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 12 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 13 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2804 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 3 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 5 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 9 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 11 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 13 0748623303 0748623303 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 14 Ñāṇamoli Ñāṇamoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 16 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 18 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 20 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 22 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2805 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 2 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 3 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 4 discourses discourse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 7 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 11 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 14 Majjhima Majjhima NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 15 Nikaya Nikaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2806 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2807 1 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2807 2 Pub Pub NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2807 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 1 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 3 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 9 Few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 10 Good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 11 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 14 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 15 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 16 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 19 Inquiry Inquiry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 21 Ugra Ugra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 23 Ugrapariprccha Ugrapariprccha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 26 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 28 Hawai'i Hawai'i NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 29 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 31 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 33 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 35 0824826079 0824826079 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 36 Nattier Nattier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 38 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 40 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 42 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 43 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 45 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 48 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 49 Mahāsāṅghika Mahāsāṅghika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 50 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 53 beginnings beginning NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 55 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 56 sectarianism sectarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 57 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 58 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 60 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 61 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 63 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 65 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 67 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 69 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 71 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 72 237–272 237–272 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 74 doi:10.1086/462767 doi:10.1086/462767 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 76 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 77   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 78 161252419 161252419 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 79 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2808 81 K.R. K.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 5 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 6 Philological Philological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 7 Approach Approach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2809 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 2 Bukkyo Bukkyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 3 Dendo Dendo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 4 Kybkai Kybkai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 5 Lectures Lectures NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 8 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 10 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 12 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 13 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 15 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 17 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 19 Nyanatiloka Nyanatiloka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 21 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 24 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 25 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 27 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 28 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 29 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 30 Oldenberg Oldenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 32 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 34 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 37 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 38 Doctrine Doctrine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 41 Upanishads upanishad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 43 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 44 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 46 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 48 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 49 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 51 reprint reprint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 53 Onians Onians NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 55 Isabelle Isabelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 57 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 60 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 61 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 62 Apologetics Apologetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 64 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 65 Antinomianism Antinomianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 66 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 67 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 68 Norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 70 PhD phd NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 71 dissertation dissertation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 74 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 76 Trinity Trinity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 77 Term Term NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 78 Paranjpe Paranjpe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 80 A.C. A.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 81 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 82 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 85 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 86 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 87 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 88 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 89 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 90 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 91 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 92 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 93 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 95 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 96 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 97 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 98   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 99 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 100 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 101 0306458446 0306458446 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 103 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 104 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 105 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 106 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 107 Pavāra Pavāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 108 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 109 Urmilā Urmilā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 110 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 111 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 112 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 113 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 114 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 115 weave weave NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 116 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 117 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 118 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 119 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 120 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 121 Dalit Dalit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 122 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 123 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 124 memoirs memoir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 125 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 126 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 127 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 128 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 129 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 130 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 131   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 132 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 133 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 134 0231149006 0231149006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 135 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 136 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 137 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 138 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 139 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 140 Payne Payne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 141 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 142 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 143 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 144 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 145 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 146 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 147 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 148 Tantric Tantric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 149 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 150 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 151 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 152 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 153 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 154 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 155 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 156 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 157 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 158 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 159 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 160   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 161 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 162 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 163 0861714872 0861714872 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 164 Powers Powers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 165 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 166 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 167 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 168 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 169 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2810 170 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2811 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2811 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2811 3 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2811 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2811 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 1 Ithaca ithaca NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 5 Snow Snow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 6 Lion Lion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 7 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2812 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 7 55939 55939 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 9 282 282 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2813 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 1 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 3 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 8 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 9 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 14 Scarecrow Scarecrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 15 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 17 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 19 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 21 0810826984 0810826984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 22 Prebish Prebish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 24 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 25 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 27 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 29 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 31 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2814 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2815 1 Introducing introduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2815 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2815 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2816 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2816 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 1 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 3 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 6 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 8 Sallie Sallie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 9 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2817 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2818 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2818 2 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2818 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2818 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 1 Engaged Engaged NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 5 Liberation Liberation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 6 Movements Movements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2819 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2820 1 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2820 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2820 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2820 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2820 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2820 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2820 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 7 7914 7914 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 9 2844 2844 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2821 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 1 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 3 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 6 Socially socially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 7 Engaged engaged JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 10 Emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 11 Patterns Patterns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 13 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 15 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2822 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 2 Emmanuel Emmanuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2823 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2824 1 524–535 524–535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2824 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 1 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 3 Walpola Walpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 8 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 11 Taught Taught NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 13 Grove Grove NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 14 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 18 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 19 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 20 9559219194 9559219194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 21 Rahula Rahula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 23 Walpola Walpola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 25 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 28 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 30 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 31 Taught Taught NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 33 Oneworld Oneworld NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 34 Classics Classics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 36 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 37   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 38 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 40 1780740003 1780740003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 41 Ratanakul Ratanakul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 43 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 45 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 48 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 49 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 50 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 52 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 54 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 56 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 57 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 58 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 60 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 61 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 63 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 65 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 67 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 69 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 71 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 72 233–257 233–257 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 74 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 75   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 76 10.1.1.505.2366 10.1.1.505.2366 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 78 ISSN ISSN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 80 1905 1905 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 81 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 82 8144 8144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 83 Rhys Rhys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 84 Davids Davids NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2825 86 T.W. T.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2826 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2826 2 Stede Stede NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2826 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2826 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2826 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2826 6 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 2826 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 2 1921–1925 1921–1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 6 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 7 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 8 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 10 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 12 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 13 dictionary dictionary NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 15 Chipstead Chipstead NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 17 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 19 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 20 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 21 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 22 Roach Roach NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 24 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 26 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 29 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 30 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 31 Pronouncing Pronouncing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 32 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 34 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 35 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2827 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 9 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 11 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 13 0521152532 0521152532 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 14 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 16 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 17 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 19 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 21 Willard Willard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 22 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 24 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 28 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 29 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 31 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 32 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 33 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 35 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 36 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2828 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 3 Belmont Belmont NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 7 Wadsworth Wadsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 8 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 10 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 12 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 14 0534010270 0534010270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 15 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 17 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 18 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 20 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 22 Willard Willard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 23 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 25 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2829 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 1 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 2 Religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 5 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 6 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 8 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2830 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2831 1 Wadsworth Wadsworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2831 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2831 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2832 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2832 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2832 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2832 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2832 5 0534558581 0534558581 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2832 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 1 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 9 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 11 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 13 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 15 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 19 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 21 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 23 0521695343 0521695343 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 24 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 26 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 28 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 31 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 32 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 34 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 36 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2833 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 1 Indic Indic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 2 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 5 Thirteenth Thirteenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 6 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 8 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 9 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 11 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 13 Leukel Leukel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 15 Perry Perry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 17 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 20 Understanding Understanding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 23 Dunedin Dunedin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 24 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 25 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 27 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 29 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 31 1903765180 1903765180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 32 Schmithausen Schmithausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 34 Lambert Lambert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 36 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 39 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 40 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 41 Aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 43 Descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 45 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 47 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 48 Liberating Liberating NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 49 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 50 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 52 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 53 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 54 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 56 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 57 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 58 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2834 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 3 Studien Studien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 4 zum zum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 5 Jainismus Jainismus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 6 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 7 Buddhismus Buddhismus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 9 Gedenkschrift Gedenkschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 10 für für NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 11 Ludwig Ludwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 12 Alsdorf Alsdorf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 15 hrsg hrsg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2835 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 1 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 2 Klaus Klaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 3 Bruhn Bruhn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 4 und und VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 5 Albrecht Albrecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 6 Wezler Wezler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 8 Wiesbaden Wiesbaden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2836 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 1 199–250 199–250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 2 Schmithausen Schmithausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 4 Lambert Lambert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 6 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 10 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 11 Response Response NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 15 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 16 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 17 Neufeldt Neufeldt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 19 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2837 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 3 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 5 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 7 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 9 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 10 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 12 SUNY SUNY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 13 Schopen Schopen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 15 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 17 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 20 Bones Bones NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 22 Stones Stones NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 25 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 26 Monks Monks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 28 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 30 Hawai'i Hawai'i NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 31 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 32 Schuhmacher Schuhmacher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 34 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 36 Woener Woener NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 38 Gert Gert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 40 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 2838 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 6 Shambhala Shambhala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 7 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 11 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 13 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 15 Kohn Kohn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 17 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 18 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 20 Shambhala Shambhala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 22 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 24 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 26 0877735205 0877735205 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 27 Shults Shults NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 29 Brett Brett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 31 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 35 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 37 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 39 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 41 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 42 Brahmanical Brahmanical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 43 Motifs Motifs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 45 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 46 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 49 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 52 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 53 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 54 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 55 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 56 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 58 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 59 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 60 121–129 121–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 61 Skilling Skilling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 63 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 65 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2839 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 3 Raksā Raksā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 7 Śrāvakayāna Śrāvakayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2840 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2841 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2841 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2841 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2841 4 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2841 5 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2841 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2841 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2842 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2842 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2842 3 109–182 109–182 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2842 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 9 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 10 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2843 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 1 Skilling Skilling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 3 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 5 Summer Summer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2844 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 3 Advent Advent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 5 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 8 Mainland Mainland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 9 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 11 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 12 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2845 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 5 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 8 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2846 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2847 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2847 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2847 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2847 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2847 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2847 6 93–108 93–108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2847 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2848 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2848 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2848 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2848 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2848 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2849 1 Skorupski Skorupski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2849 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2849 3 Tadeusz Tadeusz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2849 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2849 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2849 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 2 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 6 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 8 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 9 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 11 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 13 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 15 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 17 0728601628 0728601628 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 18 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 20 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2850 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 2 Juergensmeyer Juergensmeyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 7 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 8 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 10 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 11 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 13 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 14 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 16 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 18 Theology Theology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 20 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 21 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 22 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 24 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 26 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 28 0195137989 0195137989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 29 Southwold Southwold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 31 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 33 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2851 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 5 Definition Definition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 7 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2852 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2853 1 Man man NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2853 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2854 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2854 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2854 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2854 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2854 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2854 6 362–379 362–379 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2854 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2855 1 doi:10.2307/2801935 doi:10.2307/2801935 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2855 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2856 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2856 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2856 3 2801935 2801935 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2856 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 1 Spiro Spiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 3 Melford Melford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 11 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 14 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 15 Tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 17 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 18 Burmese Burmese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 19 Vicissitudes Vicissitudes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 21 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 23 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 24 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 25 Sujato Sujato NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 27 Bhante Bhante NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 29 Brahmali Brahmali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 31 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 33 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 36 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 37 Authenticity Authenticity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 40 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 41 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 42 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 44 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 47 Chroniker Chroniker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 48 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 50 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 51   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 52 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 54 1312911505 1312911505 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 55 Swearer Swearer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 57 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 59 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 62 Becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 64 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 65 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 67 ritual ritual NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 69 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 70 consecration consecration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 72 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 74 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 76 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 77 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 78 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 79 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 80 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 82 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 83   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 84 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 85 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 86 0691114354 0691114354 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 87 Tamney Tamney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 89 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2857 90 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 2 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 6 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 7 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 8 Swatos Swatos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 10 editor editor NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 12 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 14 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 16 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 18 Rowman Rowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 19 Altamira Altamira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 20 Terwiel Terwiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 22 Barend Barend NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 23 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 25 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 28 Monks Monks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 30 Magic Magic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 32 Revisiting revisit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 34 Classic Classic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 35 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 37 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 38 Ceremonies Ceremonies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 40 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 42 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 45 Nordic Nordic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 46 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 48 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 49 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 51 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 53 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 54 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 55 8776941017 8776941017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 57 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 59 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 61 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 63 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 64 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 65 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 66 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 67 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 68 Trainor Trainor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 70 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 72 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 75 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 76 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 77 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 78 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 79 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 81 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 82 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 83 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 84 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 85 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 86   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 87 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 88 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 89 0195173987 0195173987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 90 Thich Thich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 91 Nhat Nhat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 92 Hanh Hanh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 93 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 94 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 95 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 96 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 97 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 98 Heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 99 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 101 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 102 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 103 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 105 Broadway Broadway NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 106 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 107 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 108 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 109   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 110 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 111 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 112 0767903691 0767903691 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 113 Vetter Vetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 114 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 115 Tilmann Tilmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 116 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 117 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 118 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 120 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 121 Ideas Ideas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 122 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 123 Meditative Meditative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 124 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 125 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 126 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 127 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 129 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 130 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 131 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2858 132 A.K. A.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 5 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 8 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 10 Motilal Motilal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 11 Banarsidass Banarsidass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 12 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 13 Welch Welch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 15 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 16 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 18 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 22 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 24 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 27 1900–1950 1900–1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 29 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 31 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 32 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 33 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 34 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 36 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 37 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 39 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 42 Longman Longman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 43 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 44 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 46 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 47 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2859 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 3 Longman Longman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 5 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 7 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 9 1405881180 1405881180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 10 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 12 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 14 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 18 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 20 Bodhicitta Bodhicitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 22 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 23 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 24 Including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 26 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 30 Bodhicitta Bodhicitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 32 sastra sastra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 34 Benkemmitsu Benkemmitsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 36 nikyoron nikyoron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 39 Sammaya Sammaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 41 kaijo kaijo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 43 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 44 Edwin Edwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 45 Mellen Mellen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 46 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 48 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 49   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 50 0773459855 0773459855 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 51 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 53 Jeff Jeff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 55 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 58 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 60 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 63 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 65 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 66 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 67 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 69 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 70 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 71 obo/9780195393521 obo/9780195393521 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 73 0141 0141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 75 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 76   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 77 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 78 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 79 0195393521 0195393521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 80 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 82 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 83 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 84 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 87 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 88 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 89 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 91 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 92 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 94 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 95 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 96 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 98 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 99   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 100 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 102 0415025379 0415025379 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 103 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 104 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 105 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 106 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 107 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 108 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 109 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 110 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 111 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 112 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 113 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 114 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 116 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 117 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 118 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 119 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 121 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 122 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 123 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 124 Kindle Kindle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 125 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2860 126 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 3 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 5 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 6 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 8 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2861 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 7 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 8 Concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 10 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 11 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 13 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 14 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 16 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 18 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 19 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 21 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 23 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2862 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 2 2005a 2005a LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 9 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 10 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 12 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 13 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 15 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 16 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 18 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 19 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 21 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 22 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 23 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 25 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 27 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 29 0415332286 0415332286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 30 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 32 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 34 2005b 2005b CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2863 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 4 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 6 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 8 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 11 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 12 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 13 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 14 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2864 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2865 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2865 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 9 33229 33229 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2866 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2867 1 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2867 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2867 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2867 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2867 5 2005c 2005c CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2867 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2867 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 1 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 3 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 4 Concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 6 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 7 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2868 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2869 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2869 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 9 33226 33226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2870 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 1 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 8 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 12 doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 13 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 15 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 17 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 19 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 21 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 23 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 25 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 27 35653 35653 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 29 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 30 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 32 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 34 Tribe Tribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 36 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 38 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 40 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 42 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 45 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 46 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 48 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 49 Complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 50 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 53 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 54 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 56 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 57 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2871 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 5 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 7 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 11 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 13 57179 57179 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 15 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 16 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 18 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 20 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 22 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 24 52088 52088 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 26 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 27 Wynne Wynne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 29 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 31 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 35 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 37 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 38 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 40 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 41 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 42 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 44 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 46 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 48 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 49   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 50 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 52 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 54 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 56 42387 42387 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 58 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 59 Yin Yin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 60 Shun Shun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 62 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 65 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 66 Way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 67 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 68 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 69 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 70 Instructions instruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 71 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 72 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 73 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 74 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 75 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 77 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 78 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 79 Yeung Yeung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 80 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 81 Wing Wing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 83 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 84 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 86 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 87   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 88 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 89 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 90 0861711338 0861711338 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 91 Zürcher Zürcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 93 Erik Erik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 94 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 95 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 96 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 98 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 99 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 100 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 102 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 104 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 105 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2872 106 E.J. E.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 2 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 3 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 5 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 6 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 7 Landscape Landscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 10 Report report NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 13 Size Size NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 15 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 18 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 20 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 21 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 22 Groups Groups NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 25 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 27 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 30 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 31 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 32 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 34 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 36 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 39 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 41 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 43 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 44 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 45 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 46 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 48 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 49 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 50 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 51 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 52 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 53 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2873 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2874 1 Global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2874 2 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2874 3 Landscape Landscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2874 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2875 1 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2875 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2875 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2875 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2876 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2876 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2876 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2876 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2876 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 5 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 6 Lopez Lopez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 8 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 9 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 10 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 12 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 13 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2877 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 2 Thanissaro Thanissaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 3 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 6 Truth Truth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 8 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 9 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 10 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 12 Matters matter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 14 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 15 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 16 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 17 Maha Maha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 19 parinibbana parinibbana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 20 Sutta sutta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 22 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 23 Days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 26 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 28 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 30 Sister Sister NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 31 Vajira Vajira NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 32 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 33 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 34 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 35 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 36 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 37 Olivelle Olivelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 39 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 42 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 43 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 46 Moksha Moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 48 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 49 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 52 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 53 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 54 Sumedho Sumedho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 56 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 57 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 58 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 59 Truth Truth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 61 nb nb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 62 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 63 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 64 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 65 index index NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 66 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 67 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 68 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 69 click click VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 70 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 71 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 72 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 73 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 74 Truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 75 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 76 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 77 correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 78 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2878 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2879 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2879 2 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2879 3 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2879 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2880 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2880 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2880 3 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2880 4 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2880 5 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2880 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2880 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2881 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2881 2 Mahathera Mahathera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2881 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2881 4 Ven Ven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2881 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2882 1 Suvanno suvanno NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2882 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 3 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 4 Planes plane NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 6 Existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2883 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2884 1 www.buddhanet.net www.buddhanet.net UH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2884 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 10 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2885 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2886 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2886 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2886 3 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2886 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2886 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2886 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 2 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 7 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2887 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2888 1 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2888 2 Mifflin Mifflin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2888 3 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2888 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2889 1 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2889 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 6 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 7 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2890 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2891 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2891 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2891 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2891 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2891 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 2 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 3 Buddhismat Buddhismat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 6 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 7 projects project VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 8 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 10 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 11 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 13 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 14 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 15 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 17 Wikinews Wikinews NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 18 Quotations Quotations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 20 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 21 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 23 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 24 Textbooks Textbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 26 Wikibooks wikibook NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 27 Travel Travel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 28 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 30 Wikivoyage Wikivoyage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 31 Resources Resources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 33 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 34 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 36 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 37 Worldwide Worldwide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 38 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 39 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 41 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 42 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 44 BuddhaNet BuddhaNet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 45 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 46 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 47 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 49 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 52 parallels parallel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 54 SuttaCentral SuttaCentral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 55 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 56 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 57 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 58 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 59 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 60 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 61 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 62 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 64 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 65 Buswell Buswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 67 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 68 Bodiford Bodiford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 70 UCLA UCLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 71 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 72 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 74 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 75 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 76 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 77 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 79 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 80 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 81 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 82 Ten Ten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 83 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 84 Questions Questions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 85 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 86 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 88 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 89 Hayes Hayes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 91 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 92 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 93 Readings Readings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 94 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 95 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 96 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 98 Access Access NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 99 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 100 Insight Insight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 101 Readings Readings NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 102 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 103 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 104 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 106 Hakuin Hakuin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 107 Ekaku Ekaku NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 109 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 110 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 111 Monika Monika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 112 Bincsik Bincsik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 113 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 114 Readings Readings NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 115 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 116 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 117 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 118 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 120 Nagarjuna Nagarjuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 121 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 122 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 123 UWest UWest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 124 Readings Readings NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 125 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 126 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 127 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 128 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 129 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 130 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 131 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 132 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 134 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 135 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 136 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 137 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 138 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 139 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 140 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 141 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 142 Spirituality spirituality NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 143 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 144 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 145 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 146 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 147 Directory Directory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 148 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 149 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 150 Future Future NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 151 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 152 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 153 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 154 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 155 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 156 Patheos Patheos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 157 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 158 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 159 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 160 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 161 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 162   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 163 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 164 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 165 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 166 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 167 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 168 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 169 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 170 V&A V&A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 171 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 172 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 173 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 174 Beginners Beginners NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 175 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 176 Tricycle Tricycle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 177 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 178 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 179 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 180 Topics Topics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 181 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 182 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 183 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 184 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 185 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 186 Foundations foundation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 187 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 188 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 189 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 190 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 191 Jewels jewel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 192 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 193 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 194 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 195 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 196 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 197 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 198 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 199 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 200 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 201 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 202 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 203 Tathāgata Tathāgata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 204 Birthday Birthday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 205 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 206 sights sight VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 207 Physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 208 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 209 Footprint Footprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 210 Relics Relics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 211 Iconography Iconography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 212 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 213 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 214 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 215 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 216 Films Films NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 217 Miracles Miracles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 218 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 219 Suddhodāna Suddhodāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 220 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 221 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 222 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 223 Māyā Māyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 224 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 225 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 226 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 227 Mahapajapati Mahapajapati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 228 Gotamī Gotamī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 229 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 230 aunt aunt NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 231 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 232 adoptive adoptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 233 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 234 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 235 Yaśodharā yaśodharā NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 236 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 237 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 238 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 239 Rāhula Rāhula NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 240 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 241 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 242 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 243 Ānanda Ānanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 244 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 245 cousin cousin NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 246 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 247 Devadatta Devadatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 248 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 249 cousin cousin NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 250 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 251 Places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 252 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 253 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 254 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 255 stayed stay VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 256 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 257 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 258 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 259 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 260 Bodhisattvas Bodhisattvas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 261 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 262 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 263 Mañjuśrī Mañjuśrī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 264 Mahāsthāmaprāpta Mahāsthāmaprāpta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 265 Ākāśagarbha Ākāśagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 266 Kṣitigarbha Kṣitigarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 267 Samantabhadra Samantabhadra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 268 Vajrapāṇi Vajrapāṇi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 269 Skanda Skanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 270 Tārā Tārā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 271 Metteyya Metteyya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 272 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 273 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 274 Disciples Disciples NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 275 Kaundinya Kaundinya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 276 Assaji Assaji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 277 Sāriputta Sāriputta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 278 Mahamoggallāna Mahamoggallāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 279 Ānanda Ānanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 280 Mahākassapa Mahākassapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 281 Aṅgulimāla Aṅgulimāla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 282 Anuruddha Anuruddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 283 Mahākaccana Mahākaccana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 284 Nanda Nanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 285 Subhūti Subhūti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 286 Punna Punna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 287 Upāli Upāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 288 Mahapajapati Mahapajapati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 289 Gotamī Gotamī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 290 Khema Khema NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 291 Uppalavanna Uppalavanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 292 Asita Asita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 293 Channa Channa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 294 Yasa Yasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 295 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 296 concepts concept VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 297 Avidyā Avidyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 298 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 299 Ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 300 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 301 Bardo Bardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 302 Bodhicitta Bodhicitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 303 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 304 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 305 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 306 Dhamma Dhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 307 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 308 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 309 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 310 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 311 hindrances hindrance VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 312 Indriya Indriya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 313 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 314 Kleshas Kleshas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 315 Mindstream Mindstream NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 316 Parinirvana Parinirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 317 Pratītyasamutpāda Pratītyasamutpāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 318 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 319 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 320 Saṅkhāra Saṅkhāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 321 Skandha Skandha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 322 Śūnyatā Śūnyatā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 323 Taṇhā Taṇhā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 324 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 325 Craving craving NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 326 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 327 Tathātā Tathātā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 328 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 329 Fetters fetter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 330 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 331 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 332 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 333 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 334 Anicca Anicca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 335 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 336 Anatta Anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 337 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 338 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 339 doctrine doctrine VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 340 Cosmology Cosmology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 341 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 342 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 343 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 344 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 345 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 346 Deva Deva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 347 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 348 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 349 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 350 Asura Asura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 351 realm realm VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 352 Hungry Hungry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 353 Ghost Ghost NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 354 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 355 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 356 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 357 Naraka Naraka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 358 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 359 planes plane NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 360 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 361 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 362 Branches Branches NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 363 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 364 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 365 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 366 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 367 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 368 Dzogchen Dzogchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 369 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 370 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 371 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 372 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 373 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 374 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 375 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 376 Seon Seon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 377 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 378 Thiền Thiền NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 379 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 380 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 381 Tiantai Tiantai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 382 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 383 Madhyamaka Madhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 384 Yogachara Yogachara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 385 Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 386 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 387 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 388 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 389 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 390 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 391 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 392 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 393 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 394 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 395 unifying unify VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 396 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 397 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 398 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 399 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 400 Bhavana Bhavana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 401 Bodhipakkhiyādhammā Bodhipakkhiyādhammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 402 Brahmavihara Brahmavihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 403 Mettā Mettā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 404 Karuṇā Karuṇā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 405 Mudita Mudita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 406 Upekkha Upekkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 407 Buddhābhiṣeka Buddhābhiṣeka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 408 Dāna Dāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 409 Devotion Devotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 410 Dhyāna Dhyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 411 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 412 Five Five NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 413 Strengths strength NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 414 Iddhipada Iddhipada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 415 Meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 416 Mantras Mantras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 417 Kammaṭṭhāna Kammaṭṭhāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 418 Recollection Recollection NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 419 Smarana Smarana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 420 Anapanasati Anapanasati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 421 Samatha Samatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 422 Vipassanā Vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 423 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 424 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 425 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 426 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 427 Shikantaza Shikantaza NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 428 Zazen Zazen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 429 Koan Koan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 430 Ganana Ganana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 431 Mandala Mandala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 432 Tonglen Tonglen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 433 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 434 Tertön Tertön NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 435 Terma terma NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 436 Merit Merit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 437 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 438 Satipatthana Satipatthana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 439 Nekkhamma Nekkhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 440 Pāramitā Pāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 441 Paritta Paritta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 442 Puja Puja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 443 Offerings Offerings NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 444 Prostration Prostration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 445 Chanting Chanting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 446 Refuge Refuge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 447 Satya Satya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 448 Sacca Sacca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 449 Seven Seven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 450 Factors Factors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 451 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 452 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 453 Sati Sati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 454 Dhamma Dhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 455 vicaya vicaya NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 456 Pīti Pīti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 457 Passaddhi Passaddhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 458 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 459 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 460 precepts precept VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 461 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 462 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 463 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 464 vow vow NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 465 Pratimokṣa Pratimokṣa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 466 Threefold Threefold NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 467 Training Training NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 468 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 469 Samadhi Samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 470 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 471 Vīrya Vīrya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 472 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 473 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 474 Exertions Exertions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 475 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 476 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 477 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 478 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 479 Pratyekabuddha Pratyekabuddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 480 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 481 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 482 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 483 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 484 Sotāpanna Sotāpanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 485 Sakadagami Sakadagami NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 486 Anāgāmi Anāgāmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 487 Arhat Arhat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 488 Monasticism Monasticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 489 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 490 Bhikkhunī Bhikkhunī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 491 Śrāmaṇera Śrāmaṇera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 492 Śrāmaṇerī Śrāmaṇerī NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 493 Anagārika Anagārika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 494 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 495 Sayadaw Sayadaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 496 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 497 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 498 Rōshi Rōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 499 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 500 Rinpoche Rinpoche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 501 Geshe Geshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 502 Tulku Tulku NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 503 Kappiya Kappiya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 504 Householder Householder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 505 Upāsaka Upāsaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 506 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 507 Upāsikā Upāsikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 508 Śrāvaka Śrāvaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 509 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 510 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 511 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 512 disciples disciple VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 513 Shaolin Shaolin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 514 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 515 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 516 figures figure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 517 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 518 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 519 Buddhaghosa Buddhaghosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 520 Nagasena Nagasena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 521 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 522 Nagarjuna Nagarjuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 523 Asanga Asanga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 524 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 525 Buddhapālita Buddhapālita NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 526 Atiśa Atiśa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 527 Padmasambhava Padmasambhava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 528 Aśvaghoṣa Aśvaghoṣa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 529 Kumārajīva Kumārajīva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 530 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 531 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 532 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 533 Ambedkar Ambedkar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 534 Songtsen Songtsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 535 Gampo Gampo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 536 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 537 Wen Wen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 538 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 539 Sui Sui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 540 Dalai Dalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 541 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 542 Panchen Panchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 543 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 544 Karmapa Karmapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 545 Shamarpa Shamarpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 546 Naropa Naropa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 547 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 548 Zhiyi Zhiyi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 549 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 550 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 551 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 552 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 553 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 554 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 555 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 556 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 557 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 558 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 559 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 560 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 561 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 562 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 563 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 564 Dhammapada Dhammapada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 565 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 566 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 567 Madhyamakālaṃkāra Madhyamakālaṃkāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 568 Abhidharmadīpa Abhidharmadīpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 569 Countries Countries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 570 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 571 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 572 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 573 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 574 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 575 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 576 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 577 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 578 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 579 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 580 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 581 Maldives Maldives NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 582 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 583 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 584 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 585 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 586 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 587 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 588 Kalmykia Kalmykia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 589 Buryatia Buryatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 590 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 591 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 592 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 593 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 594 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 595 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 596 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 597 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 598 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 599 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 600 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 601 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 602 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 603 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 604 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 605 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 606 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 607 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 608 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 609 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 610 Venezuela Venezuela NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 611 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 612 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 613 Ashoka Ashoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 614 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 615 councils council VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 616 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 617 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 618 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 619 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 620 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 621 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 622 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 623 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 624 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 625 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 626 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 627 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 628 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 629 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 630 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 631 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 632 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 633 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 634 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 635 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 636 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 637 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 638 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 639 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 640 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 641 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 642 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 643 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 644 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 645 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 646 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 647 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 648 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 649 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 650 Buddhists Buddhists NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 651 Banishment Banishment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 652 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 653 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 654 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 655 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 656 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 657 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 658 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 659 Sinhalese Sinhalese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 660 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 661 nationalism nationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 662 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 663 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 664 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 665 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 666 969 969 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 667 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 668 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 669 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 670 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 671 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 672 Abhidharma Abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 673 Atomism Atomism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 674 Buddhology Buddhology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 675 Creator Creator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 676 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 677 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 678 democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 679 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 680 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 681 Consciousnesses consciousness NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 682 Engaged Engaged NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 683 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 684 Eschatology Eschatology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 685 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 686 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 687 Humanism Humanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 688 Logic Logic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 689 Reality Reality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 690 Secular Secular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 691 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 692 Socialism Socialism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 693 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 694 unanswered unanswered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 695 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 696 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 697 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 698 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 699 Vihāra Vihāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 700 Kyaung Kyaung NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 701 Wat Wat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 702 Ordination Ordination NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 703 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 704 Stupa Stupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 705 Pagoda Pagoda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 706 Burmese Burmese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 707 pagoda pagoda NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 708 Candi Candi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 709 Dzong Dzong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 710 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 711 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 712 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 713 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 714 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 715 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 716 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 717 Thai Thai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 718 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 719 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 720 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 721 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 722 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 723 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 724 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 725 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 726 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 727 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 728 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 729 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 730 Tree Tree NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 731 Budai Budai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 732 Buddharupa Buddharupa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 733 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 734 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 735 Funeral Funeral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 736 Holidays Holidays NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 737 Vesak Vesak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 738 Uposatha Uposatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 739 Māgha Māgha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 740 Pūjā Pūjā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 741 Asalha Asalha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 742 Puja Puja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 743 Vassa Vassa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 744 Jaya Jaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 745 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 746 Maha Maha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 747 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 748 Kasaya Kasaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 749 Mahabodhi Mahabodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 750 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 751 Mantra Mantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 752 Om Om NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 753 mani mani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 754 padme padme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 755 hum hum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 756 Mudra Mudra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 757 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 758 Pilgrimage Pilgrimage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 759 Lumbini Lumbini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 760 Maya Maya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 761 Devi Devi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 762 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 763 Bodh Bodh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 764 Gaya Gaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 765 Sarnath Sarnath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 766 Kushinagar Kushinagar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 767 Poetry Poetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 768 Prayer Prayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 769 beads bead NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 770 Hama Hama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 771 Yumi Yumi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 772 Prayer Prayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 773 wheel wheel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 774 Symbolism Symbolism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 775 Dharmachakra dharmachakra VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 776 Flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 777 Bhavacakra Bhavacakra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 778 Swastika Swastika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 779 Thangka Thangka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 780 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 781 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 782 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 783 Tooth Tooth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 784 Vegetarianism Vegetarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 785 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 786 Abhijñā Abhijñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 787 Amitābha Amitābha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 788 Brahmā Brahmā NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 789 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 790 talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 791 Hinayana Hinayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 792 Kalpa Kalpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 793 Koliya Koliya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 794 Lineage Lineage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 795 Māra Māra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 796 Ṛddhi Ṛddhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 797 Siddhi Siddhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 798 Sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 799 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 800 Pāḷi Pāḷi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 801 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 802 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 803 Baháʼí Baháʼí NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 804 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 805 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 806 Influences Influences NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 807 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 808 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 809 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 810 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 811 Gnosticism Gnosticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 812 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 813 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 814 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 815 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 816 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 817 Theosophy Theosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 818 Violence Violence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 819 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 820 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 821 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 822 Bodhisattvas Bodhisattvas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 823 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 824 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 825 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 826 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 827 Suttas Suttas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 828 Sutras Sutras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 829 Temples Temples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 830 Festivals Festivals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 831 Category category NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 832   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 833 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 834 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 835 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 836 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 837 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 838 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 839 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 840 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 841 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 842 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 843 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 844 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 845 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 846 Algeria Algeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 847 Angola Angola NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 848 Benin Benin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 849 Botswana Botswana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 850 Burkina Burkina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 851 Faso Faso NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 852 Burundi Burundi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 853 Cameroon Cameroon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 854 Cape Cape NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 855 Verde Verde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 856 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 857 Cabo Cabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 858 Verde Verde NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 859 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 860 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 861 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 862 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 863 Chad Chad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 864 Comoros Comoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 865 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 866 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 867 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 868 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 869 Congo Congo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 870 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 871 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 872 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 873 Congo Congo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 874 Djibouti Djibouti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 875 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 876 Equatorial Equatorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 877 Guinea Guinea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 878 Eritrea Eritrea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 879 Eswatini Eswatini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 880 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 881 Swaziland Swaziland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 882 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 883 Ethiopia Ethiopia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 884 Gabon Gabon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 885 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 886 Gambia Gambia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 887 Ghana Ghana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 888 Guinea Guinea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 889 Guinea Guinea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 890 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 891 Bissau Bissau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 892 Ivory Ivory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 893 Coast Coast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 894 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 895 Côte Côte NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 896 d'Ivoire d'Ivoire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 897 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 898 Kenya Kenya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 899 Lesotho Lesotho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 900 Liberia Liberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 901 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 902 Madagascar Madagascar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 903 Malawi Malawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 904 Mali Mali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 905 Mauritania Mauritania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 906 Mauritius Mauritius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 907 Morocco Morocco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 908 Mozambique Mozambique NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 909 Namibia Namibia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 910 Niger Niger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 911 Nigeria Nigeria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 912 Rwanda Rwanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 913 São São NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 914 Tomé Tomé NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 915 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 916 Príncipe Príncipe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 917 Senegal Senegal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 918 Seychelles Seychelles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 919 Sierra Sierra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 920 Leone Leone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 921 Somalia Somalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 922 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 923 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 924 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 925 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 926 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 927 Tanzania Tanzania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 928 Togo Togo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 929 Tunisia Tunisia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 930 Uganda Uganda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 931 Zambia Zambia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 932 Zimbabwe Zimbabwe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 933 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 934 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 935 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 936 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 937 Sahrawi Sahrawi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 938 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 939 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 940 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 941 Somaliland Somaliland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 942 Dependencies Dependencies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 943 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 944 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 945 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 946 Canary Canary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 947 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 948   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 949 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 950 Ceuta ceuta NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 951   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 952 / / : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 953 Melilla Melilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 954       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 955 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 956 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 957 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 958 Madeira madeira NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 959   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 960 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 961 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 962 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 963 Mayotte Mayotte NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 964   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 965 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 966 Réunion réunion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 967   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 968 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 969 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 970 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 971 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 972 Helena Helena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 973   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 974 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 975 Ascension Ascension NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 976 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 977   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 978 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 979 Tristan Tristan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 980 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 981 Cunha Cunha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 982   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 983 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 984 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 985 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 986 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 987 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 988 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 989 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 990 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 991 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 992 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 993 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 994 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 995 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 996 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 997 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 998 Bahrain Bahrain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 999 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1000 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1001 Brunei Brunei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1002 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1003 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1004 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1005 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1006 Timor Timor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1007 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1008 Timor Timor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1009 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1010 Leste Leste NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1011 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1012 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1013 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1014 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1015 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1016 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1017 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1018 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1019 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1020 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1021 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1022 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1023 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1024 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1025 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1026 Kuwait Kuwait NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1027 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1028 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1029 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1030 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1031 Maldives Maldives NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1032 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1033 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1034 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1035 Oman Oman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1036 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1037 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1038 Qatar Qatar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1039 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1040 Saudi Saudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1041 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1042 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1043 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1044 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1045 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1046 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1047 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1048 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1049 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1050 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1051 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1052 Emirates Emirates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1053 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1054 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1055 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1056 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1057 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1058 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1059 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1060 Abkhazia Abkhazia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1061 Artsakh Artsakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1062 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1063 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1064 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1065 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1066 Ossetia Ossetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1067 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1068 Dependencies Dependencies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1069 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1070 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1071 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1072 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1073 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1074 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1075 Territory Territory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1076 Christmas Christmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1077 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1078 Cocos Cocos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1079 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1080 Keeling Keeling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1081 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1082 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1083 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1084 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1085 Macau Macau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1086 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1087 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1088 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1089 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1090 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1091 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1092 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1093 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1094 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1095 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1096 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1097 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1098 Albania Albania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1099 Andorra Andorra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1100 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1101 Austria Austria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1102 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1103 Belarus Belarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1104 Belgium Belgium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1105 Bosnia Bosnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1106 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1107 Herzegovina Herzegovina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1108 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1109 Croatia Croatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1110 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1111 Czech Czech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1112 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1113 Denmark Denmark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1114 Estonia Estonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1115 Finland Finland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1116 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1117 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1118 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1119 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1120 Hungary Hungary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1121 Iceland Iceland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1122 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1123 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1124 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1125 Latvia Latvia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1126 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1127 Lithuania Lithuania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1128 Luxembourg Luxembourg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1129 Malta Malta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1130 Moldova Moldova NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1131 Monaco Monaco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1132 Montenegro Montenegro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1133 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1134 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1135 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1136 Norway Norway NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1137 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1138 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1139 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1140 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1141 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1142 Marino Marino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1143 Serbia Serbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1144 Slovakia Slovakia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1145 Slovenia Slovenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1146 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1147 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1148 Switzerland Switzerland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1149 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1150 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1151 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1152 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1153 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1154 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1155 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1156 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1157 Abkhazia Abkhazia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1158 Artsakh Artsakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1159 Kosovo Kosovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1160 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1161 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1162 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1163 Ossetia Ossetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1164 Transnistria Transnistria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1165 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1166 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1167 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1168 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1169 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1170 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1171 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1172 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1173 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1174 Antigua Antigua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1175 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1176 Barbuda Barbuda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1177 Bahamas Bahamas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1178 Barbados Barbados NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1179 Belize Belize NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1180 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1181 Costa Costa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1182 Rica Rica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1183 Cuba Cuba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1184 Dominica Dominica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1185 Dominican Dominican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1186 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1187 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1188 Salvador Salvador NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1189 Grenada Grenada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1190 Guatemala Guatemala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1191 Haiti Haiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1192 Honduras Honduras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1193 Jamaica Jamaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1194 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1195 Nicaragua Nicaragua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1196 Panama Panama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1197 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1198 Kitts Kitts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1199 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1200 Nevis Nevis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1201 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1202 Lucia Lucia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1203 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1204 Vincent Vincent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1205 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1206 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1207 Grenadines Grenadines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1208 Trinidad Trinidad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1209 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1210 Tobago Tobago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1211 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1212 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1213 Dependencies Dependencies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1214 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1215 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1216 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1217 Anguilla Anguilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1218 Aruba Aruba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1219 Bermuda Bermuda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1220 Bonaire Bonaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1221 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1222 Virgin Virgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1223 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1224 Cayman Cayman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1225 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1226 Curaçao Curaçao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1227 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1228 Guadeloupe Guadeloupe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1229 Martinique Martinique NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1230 Montserrat Montserrat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1231 Puerto Puerto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1232 Rico Rico NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1233 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1234 Barthélemy Barthélemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1235 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1236 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1237 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1238 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1239 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1240 Miquelon Miquelon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1241 Saba Saba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1242 Sint Sint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1243 Eustatius Eustatius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1244 Sint Sint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1245 Maarten Maarten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1246 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1247 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1248 Caicos Caicos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1249 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1250 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1251 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1252 Virgin Virgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1253 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1254 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1255 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1256 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1257 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1258 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1259 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1260 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1261 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1262 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1263 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1264 Bolivia Bolivia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1265 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1266 Chile Chile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1267 Colombia Colombia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1268 Ecuador Ecuador NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1269 Guyana Guyana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1270 Paraguay Paraguay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1271 Peru Peru NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1272 Suriname Suriname NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1273 Uruguay Uruguay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1274 Venezuela Venezuela NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1275 Dependencies Dependencies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1276 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1277 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1278 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1279 Falkland Falkland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1280 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1281 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1282 Guiana Guiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1283 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1284 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1285 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1286 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1287 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1288 Sandwich Sandwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1289 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1290 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1291 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1292 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1293 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1294 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1295 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1296 Core Core NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1297 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1298 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1299 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1300 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1301 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1302 Eightfold eightfold NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1303 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1304 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1305 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1306 Sayings Sayings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1307 Disciples Disciples NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1308 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1309 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1310 disciples disciple VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1311 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1312 sights sight NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1313 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1314 Renunciation Renunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1315 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1316 Places Places NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1317 Lumbini Lumbini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1318 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1319 Bodh Bodh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1320 Gaya Gaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1321 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1322 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1323 Tree Tree NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1324 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1325 Mahabodhi Mahabodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1326 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1327 pilgrimage pilgrimage NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1328 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1329 Miracles Miracles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1330 Birthday Birthday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1331 Prophecy Prophecy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1332 Physical Physical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1333 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1334 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1335 Relics Relics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1336 Cetiya Cetiya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1337 tooth tooth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1338 footprint footprint NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1339 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1340 statues statue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1341 Iconography Iconography NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1342 Films Films NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1343 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1344 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1345 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1346 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1347 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1348 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1349 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1350 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1351 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1352 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1353 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1354 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1355 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1356 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1357 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1358 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1359 denominations1 denominations1 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1360 Abrahamic Abrahamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1361 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1362 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1363 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1364 Hasidic Hasidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1365 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1366 Conservative Conservative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1367 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1368 Karaite Karaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1369 Samaritanism Samaritanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1370 Haymanot Haymanot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1371 Reconstructionist Reconstructionist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1372 Renewal Renewal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1373 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1374 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1375 Catholicism Catholicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1376 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1377 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1378 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1379 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1380 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1381 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1382 Nestorianism Nestorianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1383 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1384 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1385 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1386 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1387 Protestantism Protestantism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1388 Waldensians Waldensians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1389 Czech Czech NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1390 Brethren Brethren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1391 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1392 Moravians Moravians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1393 Protestantism Protestantism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1394 Lutheranism Lutheranism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1395 Calvinism Calvinism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1396 Reformed Reformed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1397 Presbyterianism Presbyterianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1398 Congregationalism Congregationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1399 Anabaptism Anabaptism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1400 Amish Amish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1401 Brethren Brethren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1402 Hutterites hutterite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1403 Mennonites Mennonites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1404 Schwenkfelders Schwenkfelders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1405 Anglicanism Anglicanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1406 Methodism Methodism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1407 Holiness Holiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1408 Baptists baptist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1409 Quakerism Quakerism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1410 Plymouth Plymouth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1411 Brethren Brethren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1412 Restorationism Restorationism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1413 Irvingism Irvingism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1414 Adventism Adventism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1415 Pentecostalism Pentecostalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1416 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1417 Charismatic Charismatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1418 Evangelicalism Evangelicalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1419 Nondenominational Nondenominational NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1420 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1421 Catholicism Catholicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1422 Nontrinitarianism Nontrinitarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1423 Unitarianism Unitarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1424 Swedenborgianism Swedenborgianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1425 Mormonism Mormonism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1426 Christadelphians Christadelphians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1427 Bible Bible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1428 Students Students NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1429 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1430 Jehovah Jehovah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1431 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1432 Witnesses Witnesses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1433 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1434 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1435 Israelism Israelism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1436 Oneness Oneness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1437 Pentecostalism Pentecostalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1438 Spiritual Spiritual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1439 Tolstoyan Tolstoyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1440 Judaizers Judaizers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1441 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1442 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1443 Sunni Sunni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1444 Ashʿari Ashʿari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1445 Maturidi Maturidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1446 Traditionalist Traditionalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1447 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1448 Salafism Salafism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1449 Wahhabism Wahhabism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1450 Modernist Modernist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1451 Salafism Salafism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1452 Shia Shia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1453 Twelver Twelver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1454 Zaidiyyah Zaidiyyah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1455 Isma'ilism Isma'ilism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1456 Alawis Alawis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1457 Sufism Sufism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1458 Khawarij Khawarij NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1459 Ibadism Ibadism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1460 Alevism Alevism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1461 Ahmadi Ahmadi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1462 Mahdavia Mahdavia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1463 Quranism Quranism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1464 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1465 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1466 denominational denominational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1467 Others Others NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1468 Bábism Bábism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1469 Azali Azali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1470 Baháʼí Baháʼí NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1471 Druze Druze NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1472 Ali Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1473 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1474 Illahism Illahism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1475 Mandaeism Mandaeism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1476 Rastafarianism Rastafarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1477 Dharmic Dharmic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1478 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1479 Vaishnavism Vaishnavism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1480 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1481 Vaishnavism Vaishnavism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1482 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1483 Sampradaya Sampradaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1484 Nimbarka Nimbarka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1485 Sampradaya Sampradaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1486 Pushtimarg Pushtimarg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1487 Mahanubhava Mahanubhava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1488 Ramanandi Ramanandi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1489 Varkari Varkari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1490 Shaivism Shaivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1491 Siddhantism Siddhantism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1492 Kashmir Kashmir NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1493 Kapalika Kapalika NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1494 Kaumaram Kaumaram NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1495 Lingayatism Lingayatism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1496 Nath Nath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1497 Balinese Balinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1498 Shaktism shaktism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1499 Smartism Smartism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1500 Śrauta Śrauta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1501 Sant Sant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1502 Mat Mat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1503 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1504 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1505 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1506 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1507 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1508 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1509 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1510 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1511 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1512 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1513 Thiền Thiền NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1514 Amidism Amidism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1515 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1516 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1517 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1518 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1519 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1520 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1521 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1522 Ayyavazhi Ayyavazhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1523 Jainism Jainism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1524 Digambara Digambara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1525 Śvētāmbara Śvētāmbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1526 Ravidassia Ravidassia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1527 Sikhism Sikhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1528 Khalsa Khalsa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1529 Sects sect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1530 Mazdans Mazdans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1531 Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1532 Yazidism Yazidism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1533 Yarsanism Yarsanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1534 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1535 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1536 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1537 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1538 Baltic Baltic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1539 Celtic Celtic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1540 Druidry Druidry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1541 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1542 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1543 Italo Italo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1544 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1545 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1546 Romanian romanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1547 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1548 Ossetian ossetian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1549 Kalash Kalash NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1550 Uralic Uralic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1551 Estonian estonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1552 Finnish finnish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1553 Hungarian hungarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1554 Mari Mari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1555 Mordvin Mordvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1556 Sámi Sámi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1557 Udmurt Udmurt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1558 Altaic Altaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1559 Turko Turko NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1560 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1561 Mongolic Mongolic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1562 Tengrism Tengrism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1563 Burkhanism Burkhanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1564 Vattisen Vattisen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1565 Yaly Yaly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1566 Tungusic Tungusic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1567 Manchu Manchu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1568 Evenki Evenki VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1569 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1570 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1571 Taoism Taoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1572 Folk Folk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1573 Taoism Taoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1574 Yao Yao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1575 Taoism Taoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1576 Nuo Nuo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1577 Salvationist Salvationist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1578 Xiantiandao Xiantiandao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1579 Yiguandao Yiguandao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1580 Luoism Luoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1581 Tibeto- Tibeto- NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1582 Burmese Burmese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1583 Bon Bon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1584 Burmese Burmese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1585 Benzhuism Benzhuism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1586 Bimoism Bimoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1587 Bathouism Bathouism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1588 Bongthingism Bongthingism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1589 Donyi Donyi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1590 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1591 Polo Polo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1592 Heraka Heraka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1593 Kiratism Kiratism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1594 Qiang Qiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1595 Sanamahism Sanamahism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1596 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1597 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1598 shamanism shamanism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1599 Cheondoism Cheondoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1600 Jeungsanism Jeungsanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1601 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1602 Shinto Shinto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1603 Shugendō Shugendō NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1604 Tenrikyo Tenrikyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1605 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1606 Tai Tai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1607 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1608 Miao Miao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1609 Ahom Ahom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1610 Hmongism Hmongism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1611 Mo Mo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1612 Satsana Satsana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1613 Phi Phi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1614 Austroasiatic Austroasiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1615 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1616 Caodaism Caodaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1617 Đạo Đạo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1618 Mẫu Mẫu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1619 Hoahaoism Hoahaoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1620 Sarnaism Sarnaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1621 Austronesian Austronesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1622 Batak Batak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1623 Parmalim Parmalim NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1624 Dayak Dayak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1625 Kaharingan Kaharingan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1626 Momolianism Momolianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1627 Javanese Javanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1628 Kejawèn Kejawèn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1629 Karo Karo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1630 Pemena Pemena NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1631 Malaysian Malaysian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1632 Philippine Philippine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1633 Dayawism Dayawism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1634 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1635 Polynesian Polynesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1636 Hawaiian Hawaiian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1637 Māori Māori NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1638 Sumbese Sumbese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1639 Marapu marapu IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1640 Sundanese Sundanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1641 Wiwitan wiwitan NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1642 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1643 Traditional Traditional NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1644 Akan Akan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1645 Akamba Akamba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1646 Baluba Baluba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1647 Bantu Bantu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1648 Kongo Kongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1649 Zulu Zulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1650 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1651 Guanche Guanche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1652 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1653 Bushongo Bushongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1654 Dinka Dinka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1655 Dogon Dogon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1656 Efik Efik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1657 Fon Fon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1658 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1659 Ewe Ewe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1660 Igbo Igbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1661 Ik Ik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1662 Lotuko Lotuko NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1663 Lozi Lozi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1664 Lugbara Lugbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1665 Maasai Maasai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1666 Mbuti Mbuti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1667 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1668 Serer Serer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1669 Tumbuka Tumbuka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1670 Urhobo Urhobo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1671 Waaq Waaq NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1672 Yoruba Yoruba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1673 Ifá Ifá NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1674 Diasporic Diasporic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1675 Candomblé Candomblé NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1676 Bantu Bantu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1677 Jejé Jejé NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1678 Ketu Ketu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1679 Comfa Comfa NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1680 Convince convince VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1681 Espiritismo Espiritismo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1682 Kumina Kumina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1683 Obeah Obeah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1684 Palo Palo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1685 Quimbanda Quimbanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1686 Santería Santería NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1687 Tambor Tambor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1688 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1689 Mina Mina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1690 Trinidad Trinidad NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1691 Orisha Orisha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1692 Umbanda Umbanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1693 Vodou Vodou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1694 Voodoo Voodoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1695 Winti Winti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1696 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1697 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1698 Abenaki Abenaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1699 Anishinaabe Anishinaabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1700 Blackfoot Blackfoot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1701 Californian Californian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1702 Miwok Miwok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1703 Ohlone Ohlone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1704 Pomo Pomo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1705 Cherokee Cherokee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1706 Chilote Chilote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1707 Choctaw Choctaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1708 Creek Creek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1709 Guarani Guarani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1710 Haida Haida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1711 Ho Ho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1712 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1713 Chunk Chunk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1714 Hopi Hopi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1715 Iroquois Iroquois NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1716 Seneca Seneca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1717 Wyandot Wyandot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1718 Longhouse Longhouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1719 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1720 Jivaroan Jivaroan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1721 Kwakwakaʼwakw Kwakwakaʼwakw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1722 Lakota Lakota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1723 Lenape Lenape NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1724 Mapuche Mapuche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1725 Mesoamerican Mesoamerican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1726 Aztec Aztec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1727 Maya Maya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1728 Purépecha Purépecha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1729 Midewiwin Midewiwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1730 Muisca Muisca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1731 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1732 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1733 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1734 Navajo Navajo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1735 Nuu Nuu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1736 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1737 chah chah JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1738 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1739 nulth nulth NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1740 Pawnee Pawnee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1741 Tsimshian Tsimshian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1742 Ute Ute NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1743 Zuni Zuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1744 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1745 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1746 Aboriginal Aboriginal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1747 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1748 Caucasian caucasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1749 Abkhaz Abkhaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1750 Circassian Circassian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1751 Inuit Inuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1752 Papuan Papuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1753 Siberian Siberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1754 Recent Recent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1755 Adi Adi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1756 Dharm Dharm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1757 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1758 Brahmoism Brahmoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1759 Anthroposophy Anthroposophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1760 Discordianism Discordianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1761 Eckankar Eckankar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1762 Falun Falun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1763 Gong Gong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1764 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1765 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1766 Goddess Goddess NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1767 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1768 Jediism Jediism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1769 Modekngei Modekngei NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1770 Neopaganism Neopaganism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1771 Reconstructionism Reconstructionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1772 Wicca Wicca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1773 Neoshamanism Neoshamanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1774 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1775 Acropolis Acropolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1776 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1777 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1778 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1779 Thought Thought NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1780 Rajneesh Rajneesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1781 Satanism Satanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1782 Spiritualism Spiritualism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1783 Subud Subud NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1784 Tensegrity Tensegrity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1785 Thelema Thelema NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1786 Theosophy Theosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1787 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1788 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1789 Theosophy Theosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1790 Agni Agni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1791 Yoga Yoga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1792 Transcendental Transcendental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1793 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1794 UFO UFO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1795 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1796 Raëlism Raëlism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1797 Scientology Scientology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1798 Unitarian Unitarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1799 Universalism Universalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1800 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1801 Brotherhood Brotherhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1802 Note Note NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1803 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1804 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1805 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1806 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1807 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1808 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1809 Eliade Eliade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1810 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1811 Mircea Mircea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1812 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1813 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2892 1814 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2893 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2893 2 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2893 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2893 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2894 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2894 2 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2894 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2894 4 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2894 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2895 1 1–16 1–16 LS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2895 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2896 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2896 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2896 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2896 4 MacMillan MacMillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2896 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 1 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 2 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 3 Prehistoric Prehistoric NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 4 Paleolithic Paleolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 5 Harappan Harappan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 6 Dravidian dravidian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 8 Atenism atenism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 9 Mesopotamian mesopotamian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 10 Sumerian sumerian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 11 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 12 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 13 Canaanite Canaanite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 14 Yahwism Yahwism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 15 Arabian Arabian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 16 Somali somali JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 17 Hurrian Hurrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 18 Urartu Urartu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 19 Etruscan Etruscan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 20 Basque basque JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 21 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 22 Vainakh Vainakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 23 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 25 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 27 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 28 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 30 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 32 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 33 Vedic Vedic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 34 Mazdaism Mazdaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 35 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 36 Armenian Armenian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 37 Paleo Paleo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 39 Balkan Balkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 40 Albanian albanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 41 Illyrian illyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 42 Thracian Thracian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 43 Dacian Dacian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 44 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 45 Mysteries Mysteries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 46 Orphism Orphism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 47 Gnosticism Gnosticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 48 Hermeticism Hermeticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 49 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 51 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 52 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 53 Imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 54 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 55 Gallo Gallo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 56 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 57 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 58 Mithraism Mithraism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 59 Manichaeism Manichaeism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 60 Mazdakism Mazdakism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 61 Scythian Scythian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 62 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 63 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 64 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 65 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 66 Continental Continental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 67 Frankish Frankish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 68 Norse norse CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 69 Celtic celtic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 70 Baltic baltic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 71 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 72 Finnish finnish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 73 Hungarian Hungarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 74 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 75 Melanesian Melanesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 76 Micronesian Micronesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 77 Nauruan Nauruan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 78 Cook Cook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 79 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 80 Rapa Rapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 81 Nui Nui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 82 Tongan Tongan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 83 Inca Inca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 84 Olmec Olmec NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 85 Zapotec zapotec JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 86 Fuegian fuegian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 87 Selk'nam Selk'nam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 88 Guanche Guanche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 89 Jamaican Jamaican NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 90 Maroon Maroon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 91 Topics Topics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 92 Aspects Aspects NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 93 Apostasy Apostasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 94   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 95 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 96 Disaffiliation Disaffiliation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 97 Behaviour Behaviour NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 98 Beliefs Beliefs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 99 Clergy Clergy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 100 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 101 Deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 102 Entheogens Entheogens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 103 Ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 104 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 105 Denomination Denomination NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 106 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 107 Fire Fire NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 108 Folk Folk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 109 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 110 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 111 Meditation Meditation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 112 Monasticism Monasticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 113 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 114 nun nun VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 115 Mysticism Mysticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 116 Mythology Mythology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 117 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 118 Ordination Ordination NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 119 Orthodoxy Orthodoxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 120 Orthopraxy Orthopraxy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 121 Prayer Prayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 122 Prophecy Prophecy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 123 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 124 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 125 Ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 126 liturgy liturgy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 127 sacrifice sacrifice NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 128 Spirituality Spirituality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 129 Supernatural Supernatural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 130 Symbols Symbols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 131 Truth Truth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 132 Water Water NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 133 Worship Worship NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 134 Theism Theism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 135 Animism Animism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 136 Deism Deism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 137 Dualism Dualism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 138 Henotheism Henotheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 139 Monotheism Monotheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 140 Nontheism Nontheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 141 Panentheism Panentheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 142 Pantheism Pantheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 143 Polytheism Polytheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 144 Transtheism Transtheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 145 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 146 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 147 Anthropology Anthropology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 148 Cognitive Cognitive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 149 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 150 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 151 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 152 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 153 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 154 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 155 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 156 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 157 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 158 Neurotheology Neurotheology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 159 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 160 Sociology Sociology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 161 Theology Theology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 162 Theories Theories NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 163 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 164 Religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 165 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 166 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 167 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 168 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 169 Clergy Clergy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 170 monasticism monasticism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 171 ordination ordination NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 172 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 173 evangelism evangelism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 174 missionary missionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 175 proselytism proselytism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 176 Disability Disability NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 177 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 178 Fanaticism Fanaticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 179 Freedom Freedom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 180 pluralism pluralism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 181 syncretism syncretism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 182 toleration toleration NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 183 universalism universalism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 184 Fundamentalism Fundamentalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 185 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 186 Happiness Happiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 187 Homosexuality Homosexuality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 188 Minorities Minorities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 189 National national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 190 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 191 National national JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 192 religiosity religiosity NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 193 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 194 Religiocentrism Religiocentrism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 195 Populations Populations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 196 Schism Schism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 197 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 198 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 199 Theocracy Theocracy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 200 Vegetarianism Vegetarianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 201 Video Video NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 202 games game NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 203 Violence violence NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 204 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 205 terrorism terrorism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 206 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 207 Wealth Wealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 208 Secularism secularism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 209 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 210 irreligion irreligion NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 211 Antireligion Antireligion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 212 Deism Deism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 213 Agnosticism Agnosticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 214 Atheism Atheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 215 Criticism Criticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 216 LaVeyan LaVeyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 217 Satanism Satanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 218 Deconstruction Deconstruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 219 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 220 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 221 Irreligion Irreligion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 222 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 223 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 224 Objectivism Objectivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 225 Secular Secular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 226 humanism humanism NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 227 Secular Secular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 228 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 229 Secularization Secularization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 230 Separation Separation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 231 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 232 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 233 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 234 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 235 Unaffiliated Unaffiliated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 236 Overviews Overviews NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 237 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 238 lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 239 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 240 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 241 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 242 Abrahamic Abrahamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 243 prophets prophet NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 244 Deification Deification NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 245 Deities Deities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 246 Founders Founders NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 247 Mass Mass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 248 gatherings gathering NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 249 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 250 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 251 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 252 Organizations Organizations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 253 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 254 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 255 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 256 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 257 Scholars Scholars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 258 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 259 Portal Portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 260 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 261 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 262 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 263 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 264 cb11938935j cb11938935j NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 265 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 266 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 267 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 268 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 269 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 270 4008690 4008690 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 271 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 272 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 273 HDS HDS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 274 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 275 011393 011393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 276 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 277 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 278 sh85017454 sh85017454 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 279 NARA NARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 280 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 281 10644225 10644225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 282 NDL ndl NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 283 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 284 00560947 00560947 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 285 TDVİA tdvi̇a NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 286 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 287 budizm budizm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 288 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 289 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 290 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 291 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buddhism&oldid=993634776 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=buddhism&oldid=993634776 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 292 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 293 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 294 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 295 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 296 Transtheism Transtheism NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 297 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 298 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 299 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 300 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 301 Moksha Moksha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 302 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 303 believing believe VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 304 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 305 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 306 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 307 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 308 Harv Harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 309 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 310 Sfn Sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 311 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 312 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 313 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 314 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 315 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 316 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 317 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 318 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 319 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 320 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 321 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 322 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 323 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 324 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 325 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 326 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 327 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 328 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 329 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 330 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 331 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 332 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 333 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 334 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 335 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 336 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 337 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 338 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 339 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 340 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 341 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 342 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 343 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 344 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 345 Webarchive Webarchive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 346 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 347 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 348 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 349 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 350 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 351 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 352 ISBNs ISBNs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 353 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 354 indefinitely indefinitely RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 355 semi semi RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 356 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 357 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 358 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 359 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 360 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 361 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 362 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 363 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 364 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 365 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 366 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 367 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 368 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 369 EngvarB EngvarB NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 370 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 371 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 372 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 373 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 374 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 375 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 376 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 377 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 378 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 379 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 380 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 381 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 382 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 383 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 384 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 385 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 386 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 387 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 388 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 389 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 390 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 391 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 392 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 393 Pali Pali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 394 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 395 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 396 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 397 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 398 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 399 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 400 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 401 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 402 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 403 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 404 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 405 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 406 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 407 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 408 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 409 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 410 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 411 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 412 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 413 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 414 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 415 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 416 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 417 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 418 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 419 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 420 auto auto NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 421 scaled scale VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 422 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 423 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 424 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 425 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 426 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 427 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 428 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 429 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 430 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 431 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 432 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 433 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 434 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 435 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 436 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 437 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 438 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 439 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 440 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 441 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 442 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 443 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 444 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 445 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 446 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 447 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 448 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 449 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 450 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 451 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 452 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 453 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 454 HDS HDS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 455 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 456 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 457 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 458 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 459 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 460 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 461 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 462 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 463 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 464 NARA NARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 465 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 466 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 467 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 468 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 469 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 470 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 471 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 472 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 473 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 474 TDVİA TDVİA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 475 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 476 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 477 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 478 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 479 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 480 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 481 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 482 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 483 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 484 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 485 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 486 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 487 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 488 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 489 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 490 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 491 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 492 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 493 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 494 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 495 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 496 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 497 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 498 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 499 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 500 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 501 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 502 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 503 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 504 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 505 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 506 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 507 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 508 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 509 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 510 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 511 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 512 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 513 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 514 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 515 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 516 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 517 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 518 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 519 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 520 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 521 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 522 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 523 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 524 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 525 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 526 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 527 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 528 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 529 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 530 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 531 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 532 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 533 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 534 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 535 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 536 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 537 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 538 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 539 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 540 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 541 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 542 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 543 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 544 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 545 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 546 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 547 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 548 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 549 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 550 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 551 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 552 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 553 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 554 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 555 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 556 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 557 Wikibooks wikibook VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 558 Wikinews Wikinews NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 559 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 560 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 561 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 562 Wikivoyage Wikivoyage NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 563 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 564 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 565 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 566 አማርኛ አማርኛ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 567 Ænglisc Ænglisc NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 568 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 569 Aragonés Aragonés NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 570 Արեւմտահայերէն Արեւմտահայերէն NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 571 Arpetan Arpetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 572 অসমীয়া অসমীয়া . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 573 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 574 Avañe'ẽ Avañe'ẽ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 575 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 576 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 577 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 578 Bali Bali NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 579 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 580 Banjar Banjar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 581 Bân Bân NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 582 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 583 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 584 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 585 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 586 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 587 Banyumasan Banyumasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 588 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 589 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 590 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 591 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 592 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 593 भोजपुरी भोजपुरी FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 594 Bikol bikol VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 595 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 596 Bislama Bislama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 597 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 598 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 599 བོད་ཡིག བོད་ཡིག NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 600 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 601 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 602 Буряад Буряад NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 603 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 604 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 605 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 606 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 607 Corsu Corsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 608 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 609 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 610 Davvisámegiella Davvisámegiella NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 611 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 612 डोटेली डोटेली NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 613 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 614 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 615 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 616 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 617 Estremeñu Estremeñu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 618 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 619 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 620 Fiji Fiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 621 Hindi Hindi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 622 Føroyskt Føroyskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 623 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 624 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 625 Furlan Furlan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 626 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 627 Gàidhlig Gàidhlig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 628 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 629 ГӀалгӀай ГӀалгӀай NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 630 贛語 贛語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 631 ગુજરાતી ગુજરાતી NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 632 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 633 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 634 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 635 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 636 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 637 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 638 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 639 Хальмг Хальмг NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 640 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 641 Hausa Hausa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 642 Hawaiʻi Hawaiʻi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 643 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 644 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 645 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 646 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 647 Ilokano Ilokano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 648 বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 649 মণিপুরী মণিপুরী NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 650 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 651 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 652 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 653 Interlingue Interlingue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 654 Ирон Ирон NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 655 IsiZulu IsiZulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 656 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 657 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 658 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 659 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 660 Kabɩyɛ Kabɩyɛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 661 ಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ XX en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 662 Kapampangan Kapampangan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 663 ქართული ქართული NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 664 कॉशुर कॉशुर NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 665 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 666 کٲشُر کٲشُر NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 667 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 668 Kernowek Kernowek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 669 Kiswahili Kiswahili NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 670 Kreyòl Kreyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 671 ayisyen ayisyen NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 672 Kriyòl Kriyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 673 gwiyannen gwiyannen FW en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 674 Kurdî Kurdî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 675 Кыргызча Кыргызча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 676 Ladin Ladin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 677 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 678 ລາວ ລາວ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 679 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 680 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 681 Lëtzebuergesch Lëtzebuergesch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 682 Лезги Лезги NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 683 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 684 Ligure Ligure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 685 Limburgs Limburgs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 686 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 687 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 688 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 689 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 690 .lojban .lojban NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2897 691 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 1 Lumbaart Lumbaart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 2 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 3 मैथिली मैथिली CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 4 Македонски Македонски NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 5 Malagasy Malagasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 6 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 7 Malti Malti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 8 मराठी मराठी NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 9 მარგალური მარგალური NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 10 مصرى مصرى NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 11 ဘာသာ ဘာသာ . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 12 မန် မန် NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 13 مازِرونی مازِرونی NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 14 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 15 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 16 Minangkabau Minangkabau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 17 Mìng Mìng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 19 dĕ̤ng dĕ̤ng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 21 ngṳ̄ ngṳ̄ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 22 Mirandés Mirandés NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 23 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 24 မြန်မာဘာသာ မြန်မာဘာသာ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 25 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 26 Nedersaksies Nedersaksies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 27 नेपाली नेपाली NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 28 नेपाल नेपाल NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 29 भाषा भाषा VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 30 日本語 日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 31 Нохчийн Нохчийн NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 32 Nordfriisk Nordfriisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 33 Norfuk Norfuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 34 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 35 Pitkern Pitkern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 36 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 37 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 38 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 39 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 40 Novial Novial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 41 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 42 ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଓଡ଼ିଆ NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 43 Oromoo Oromoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 44 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 45 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 46 پنجابی پنجابی NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 47 Papiamentu Papiamentu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 48 پښتو پښتو NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 49 Patois Patois NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 50 ភាសាខ្មែរ ភាសាខ្មែរ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 51 Picard Picard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 52 Piemontèis Piemontèis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 53 Tok Tok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 54 Pisin Pisin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 55 Plattdüütsch Plattdüütsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 56 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 57 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 58 Qaraqalpaqsha Qaraqalpaqsha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 59 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 60 Rumantsch Rumantsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 61 Runa Runa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 62 Simi Simi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 63 Русиньскый Русиньскый NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 64 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 65 Саха Саха NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 66 тыла тыла NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 67 संस्कृतम् संस्कृतम् NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 68 ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 69 Sardu Sardu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 70 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 71 Sesotho Sesotho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 72 sa sa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 73 Leboa Leboa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 74 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 75 Sicilianu Sicilianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 76 සිංහල සිංහල NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 77 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 78 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 79 سنڌي سنڌي NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 80 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 81 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 82 کوردی کوردی IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 83 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 84 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 85 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 86 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 87 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 88 српскохрватски српскохрватски JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 89 Sunda Sunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 90 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 91 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 92 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 93 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 94 Татарча Татарча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 95 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 96 tatarça tatarça NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 97 ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 98 తెలుగు తెలుగు NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 99 ไทย ไทย NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 100 Тоҷикӣ Тоҷикӣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 101 ತುಳು ತುಳು . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 102 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 103 Türkmençe Türkmençe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 104 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 105 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 106 ئۇيغۇرچە ئۇيغۇرچە NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 107 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 108 Uyghurche Uyghurche NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 109 Vahcuengh Vahcuengh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 110 Vèneto Vèneto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 111 Vepsän Vepsän NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 112 kel kel NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 113 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 114 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 115 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 116 Võro Võro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 117 文言 文言 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 118 Winaray Winaray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 119 吴语 吴语 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 120 Xitsonga Xitsonga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 121 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 122 Yorùbá Yorùbá NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 123 粵語 粵語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 124 Zazaki Zazaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 125 Žemaitėška Žemaitėška NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 126 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 127 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 128 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 129 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 130 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 131 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 132 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 133 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 134 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 135 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 136 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 137 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 138 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 139 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 140 17:24 17:24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 141   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 142 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 143 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 144 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1224 2898 145 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-1224 2899 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2900 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2901 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1224 2902 13 statement statement NN