id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 1 Mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 4 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 17 Class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 19 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 21 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 23 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 24 glands gland NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 25 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 26 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 28 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 30 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 31 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 3 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 6 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 8 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 3 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 3 2 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 3 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 3 4 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 3 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 3 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 4 documentary documentary NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 5 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 7 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 8 Mammalian Mammalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 10 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 4 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 5 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 5 2 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 5 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 5 4 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 5 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 5 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 3 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 6 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 8 journal journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 6 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 1 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 2 Temporal temporal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 3 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 5 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 6 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 8 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 10 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 12 167–0 167–0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 13 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 14 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 15 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 17 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 19 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 20 PreꞒ PreꞒ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 21 Ꞓ Ꞓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 22 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 23 S s NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 24 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 25 C c NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 26 P p NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 27 T t NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 28 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 29 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 30 Pg Pg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 31 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 32 Scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 33 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 34 Kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 35 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 36 Animalia Animalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 37 Phylum Phylum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 39 Chordata Chordata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 40 Superclass Superclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 42 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 43 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 44 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 45 Reptiliomorpha Reptiliomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 46 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 48 Amniota Amniota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 49 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 50 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 51 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 52 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 53 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 54 Mammaliaformes Mammaliaformes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 55 Class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 56 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 57 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 58 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 60 1758 1758 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 61 Living Living NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 62 subgroups subgroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 63 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 64 Subclass Subclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 65 Yinotheria Yinotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 66 Infraclass Infraclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 67 Australosphenida Australosphenida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 68 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 69 Monotremata Monotremata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 70 Subclass Subclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 71 Theriiformes theriiforme VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 72 Infraclass Infraclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 73 Holotheria Holotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 74 Superlegion Superlegion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 75 Trechnotheria Trechnotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 76 Legion Legion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 77 Cladotheria Cladotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 78 Supercohort Supercohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 79 Theria Theria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 80 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 81 Marsupialia Marsupialia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 82 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 83 Ameridelphia Ameridelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 84 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 85 Didelphimorphia Didelphimorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 86 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 87 Paucituberculata Paucituberculata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 88 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 89 Australidelphia Australidelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 90 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 91 Microbiotheria Microbiotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 92 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 93 Dasyuromorphia Dasyuromorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 94 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 95 Notoryctemorphia Notoryctemorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 96 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 97 Peramelemorphia Peramelemorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 98 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 99 Diprotodontia Diprotodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 100 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 101 Placentalia Placentalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 102 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 103 Xenarthra Xenarthra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 104 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 105 Cingulata Cingulata NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 106 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 107 Pilosa pilosa NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 108 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 109 Afroinsectiphilia Afroinsectiphilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 110 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 111 Afrosoricida Afrosoricida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 112 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 113 Macroscelidea Macroscelidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 114 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 115 Tubulidentata Tubulidentata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 116 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 117 Paenungulata Paenungulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 118 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 119 Hyracoidea Hyracoidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 120 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 121 Sirenia Sirenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 122 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 123 Proboscidea Proboscidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 124 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 125 Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 126 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 127 Scandentia Scandentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 128 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 129 Lagomorpha Lagomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 130 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 131 Rodentia Rodentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 132 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 133 Dermoptera dermoptera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 134 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 135 Primates Primates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 136 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 137 Laurasiatheria Laurasiatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 138 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 139 Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 140 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 141 Chiroptera chiroptera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 142 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 143 Cetartiodactyla cetartiodactyla NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 144 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 145 Perissodactyla perissodactyla NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 146 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 147 Pholidota Pholidota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 148 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 149 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 150 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 151 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 152 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 153 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 154 mamma mamma NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 155 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 156 breast breast NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 157 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 158 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 159 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 160 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 161 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 162 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 163 vertebrate vertebrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 164 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 165 constituting constitute VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 166 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 167 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 168 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 169 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 170 /məˈmeɪliə/ /məˈmeɪliə/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 171 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 172 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 173 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 174 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 175 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 176 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 177 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 178 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 179 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 180 glands gland NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 181 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 182 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 183 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 184 produce produce VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 185 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 186 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 187 feeding feeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 188 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 189 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 190 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 191 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 192 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 193 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 194 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 195 neocortex neocortex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 196 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 197 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 198 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 199 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 200 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 201 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 202 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 203 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 204 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 205 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 206 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 207 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 208 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 209 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 210 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 211 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 212 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 7 213 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 2 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 3 distinguish distinguish VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 4 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 6 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 8 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 13 diverged diverge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 16 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 17 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 19 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 20 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 22 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 23 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 24 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 8 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 2 6,400 6,400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 3 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 4 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 9 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 9 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 2 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 3 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 6 rodents rodent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 8 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 10 Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 12 hedgehogs hedgehog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 14 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 16 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 19 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 10 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 2 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 6 Primates Primates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 8 apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 10 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 12 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 15 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 19 Artiodactyla Artiodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 21 cetaceans cetacean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 23 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 25 toed toe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 26 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 31 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 33 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 35 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 37 seals seal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 40 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 11 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 2 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 4 cladistics cladistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 7 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 8 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 14 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 15 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 16 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 19 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 22 clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 24 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 26 Sauropsida Sauropsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 28 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 30 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 33 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 35 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 36 Amniota Amniota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 37 clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 12 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 3 synapsid synapsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 4 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 5 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 7 sphenacodont sphenacodont JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 8 pelycosaurs pelycosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 13 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 17 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 18 Dimetrodon Dimetrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 13 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 6 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 8 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 9 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 11 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 13 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 16 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 17 diverged diverge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 20 sauropsid sauropsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 21 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 23 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 25 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 27 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 29 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 14 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 2 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 3 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 5 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 6 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 7 Sphenacodontia Sphenacodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 8 split split VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 10 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 11 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 12 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 14 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 16 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 17 synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 18 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 19 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 20 incorrectly incorrectly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 21 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 24 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 26 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 27 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 28 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 29 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 30 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 31 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 33 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 36 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 37 Permian permian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 38 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 15 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 3 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 4 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 5 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 8 Paleogene Paleogene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 10 Neogene Neogene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 11 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 14 Cenozoic Cenozoic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 15 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 19 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 21 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 22 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 23 avian avian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 24 dinosaurs dinosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 30 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 31 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 32 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 33 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 35 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 36   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 37 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 38 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 39 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 42 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 16 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 2 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 3 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 4 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 6 quadruped quadrupe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 10 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 11 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 13 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 14 extremities extremity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 16 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 17 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 21 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 24 extremities extremity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 26 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 28 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 30 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 34 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 37 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 39 underground underground RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 42 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 43 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 44 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 17 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 2 range range VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 4 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 7 30–40 30–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 9 mm mm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 11 1.2–1.6 1.2–1.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 15 bumblebee bumblebee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 16 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 19 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 21 m m NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 23 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 25 ft ft NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 27 blue blue JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 28 whale whale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 29 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 30 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 32 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 33 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 35 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 36 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 37 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 18 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 1 Maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 2 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 3 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 6 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 9 shrew shrew NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 11 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 15 bowhead bowhead JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 16 whale whale NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 19 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 3 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 4 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 5 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 7 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 8 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 10 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 13 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 15 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 19 egg egg NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 21 laying lay VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 22 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 20 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 3 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 5 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 6 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 11 cohort cohort NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 12 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 13 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 17 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 20 enables enable VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 22 feeding feeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 25 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 26 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 27 gestation gestation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 21 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 4 intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 8 possessing possess VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 9 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 10 brains brain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 12 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 14 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 17 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 18 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 22 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 3 communicate communicate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 5 vocalize vocalize VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 7 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 8 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 10 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 12 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 14 ultrasound ultrasound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 16 scent scent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 18 marking marking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 20 alarm alarm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 21 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 23 singing singing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 26 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 23 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 3 organize organize VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 4 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 6 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 8 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 9 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 11 harems harem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 14 hierarchies hierarchie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 20 solitary solitary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 22 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 24 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 4 polygynous polygynous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 10 monogamous monogamous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 12 polyandrous polyandrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 25 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 1 Domestication domestication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 4 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 8 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 9 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 11 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 12 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 15 Neolithic Neolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 16 revolution revolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 19 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 21 farming farm VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 22 replacing replace VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 23 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 25 gathering gathering NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 28 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 29 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 31 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 33 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 26 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 2 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 6 restructuring restructuring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 8 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 9 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 11 nomadic nomadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 13 sedentary sedentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 17 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 18 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 19 operation operation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 20 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 21 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 23 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 24 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 27 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 29 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 32 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 33 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 27 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 1 Domesticated domesticate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 3 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 6 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 8 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 10 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 12 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 14 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 19 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 21 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 23 dairy dairy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 24 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 27 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 30 leather leather NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 28 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 4 hunted hunt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 6 raced race VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 8 sport sport NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 14 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 15 organisms organism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 17 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 29 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 4 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 6 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 7 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 8 Palaeolithic Palaeolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 9 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 12 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 14 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 16 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 18 mythology mythology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 21 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 30 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 1 Decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 3 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 5 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 10 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 11 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 13 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 14 poaching poaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 16 habitat habitat JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 17 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 19 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 20 deforestation deforestation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 31 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 3 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 4 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 5 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 6 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 7 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 9 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 10 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 11 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 12 Molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 13 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 15 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 16 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 17 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 18 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 19 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 20 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 21 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 23 amniotes amniote NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 24 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 25 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 26 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 27 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 28 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 29 appearances appearance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 31 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 32 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 33 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 36 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 37 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 38 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 39 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 40 Distinguishing distinguishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 41 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 42 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 43 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 44 dimorphism dimorphism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 45 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 46 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 47 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 48 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 49 Sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 50 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 51 3.5 3.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 52 Fur Fur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 53 3.5.1 3.5.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 54 Thermoregulation Thermoregulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 55 3.5.2 3.5.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 56 Coloration Coloration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 57 3.6 3.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 58 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 59 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 60 3.7 3.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 61 Endothermy Endothermy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 62 3.8 3.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 63 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 64 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 65 3.9 3.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 66 Locomotion Locomotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 67 3.9.1 3.9.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 68 Terrestrial Terrestrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 69 3.9.2 3.9.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 70 Arboreal Arboreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 71 3.9.3 3.9.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 72 Aerial Aerial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 73 3.9.4 3.9.4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 74 Fossorial Fossorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 75 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 76 subterranean subterranean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 77 3.9.5 3.9.5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 78 Aquatic Aquatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 79 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 80 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 81 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 82 Communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 83 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 84 vocalization vocalization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 85 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 86 Feeding feeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 87 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 88 Intelligence Intelligence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 89 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 90 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 91 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 92 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 93 Humans Humans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 94 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 95 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 96 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 97 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 98 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 99 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 100 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 101 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 102 Uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 103 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 104 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 105 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 106 Hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 107 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 108 Threats threat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 109 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 110 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 111 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 112 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 113 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 114 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 115 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 116 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 117 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 118 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 119 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 120 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 121 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 122 Classification[edit Classification[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 123 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 124 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 125 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 126 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 127 Mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 128 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 129 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 130 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 131 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 132 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 133 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 134 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 135 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 136 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 137 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 138 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 139 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 140 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 141 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 142 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 143 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 144 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 145 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 146 genera genera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 147 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 148 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 149 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 150 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 151 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 152 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 153 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 154 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 155 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 156 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 157 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 158 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 159 come come VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 160 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 161 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 162 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 163 Rodentia Rodentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 164 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 165 rodents rodent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 166 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 167 blue blue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 168 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 169 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 170 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 171 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 172 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 173 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 174 red red NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 175 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 176 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 177 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 178 Soricomorpha Soricomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 179 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 180 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 181 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 182 yellow yellow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 183 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 32 184 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 1 Rodentia Rodentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 2       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 3 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 4       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 5 Soricomorpha Soricomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 6       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 7 Primates Primates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 8       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 9 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 10       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 11 Artiodactyla Artiodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 12       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 13 Diprotodontia Diprotodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 14       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 15 Lagomorpha Lagomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 16       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 17 Didelphimorphia Didelphimorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 18       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 19 Cetacea Cetacea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 20       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 21 Dasyuromorphia Dasyuromorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 22       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 23 Afrosoricida Afrosoricida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 24       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 25 Erinaceomorpha Erinaceomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 26       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 27 Cingulata Cingulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 28       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 29 Peramelemorphia Peramelemorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 30       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 31 Scandentia Scandentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 32       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 33 Perissodactyla Perissodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 34       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 35 Macroscelidea Macroscelidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 36       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 37 Pilosa Pilosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 38       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 39 Monotremata Monotremata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 40       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 41 Sirenia Sirenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 42       _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 43 Proboscidea Proboscidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 44 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 45 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 46 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 47 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 48 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 49 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 50 iterations iteration NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 51 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 52 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 53 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 54 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 55 defined define VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 57 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 33 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 1 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 2 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 5 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 6 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 8 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 10 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 12 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 15 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 16 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 17 Reader Reader NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 19 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 21 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 22 useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 23 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 24 compendiums compendium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 34 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 4 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 5 Gaylord Gaylord NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 6 Simpson Simpson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 9 Principles Principles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 11 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 14 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 16 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 19 AMNH AMNH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 20 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 21 v. v. IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 22 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 24 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 26 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 27 systematics systematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 29 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 30 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 32 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 35 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 36 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 37 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 39 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 42 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 43 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 35 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 2 Simpson Simpson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 4 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 7 paleontological paleontological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 8 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 11 recalibrated recalibrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 15 intervening intervene VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 16 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 18 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 19 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 20 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 22 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 23 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 25 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 26 underpinnings underpinning NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 28 systematization systematization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 29 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 31 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 32 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 34 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 35 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 37 cladistics cladistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 36 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 1 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 2 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 3 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 4 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 5 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 6 Simpson Simpson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 8 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 9 outdated outdate VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 12 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 14 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 15 thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 18 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 19 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 21 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 37 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 7 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 9 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 10 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 11 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 13 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 14 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 16 belong belong VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 19 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 20 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 38 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 3 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 4 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 6 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 8 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 10 Rodentia Rodentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 12 mice mouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 14 rats rat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 16 porcupines porcupine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 18 beavers beaver NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 20 capybaras capybara NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 23 gnawing gnawing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 24 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 26 Chiroptera chiroptera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 28 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 31 Soricomorpha Soricomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 33 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 35 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 37 solenodons solenodon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 39 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 2 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 4 biggest big JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 5 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 7 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 10 biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 11 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 12 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 17 Primates Primates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 18 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 20 apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 22 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 24 lemurs lemur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 27 Cetartiodactyla Cetartiodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 28 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 29 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 31 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 33 toed toe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 34 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 38 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 40 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 41 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 43 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 45 weasels weasel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 47 bears bear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 49 seals seal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 51 allies ally NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 40 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 6 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 7 Species Species NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 10 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 12 5,416 5,416 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 13 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 15 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 17 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 41 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 3 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 4 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 5 1,229 1,229 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 6 genera genera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 8 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 9 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 11 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 12 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 42 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 8 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 9 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 11 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 13 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 15 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 17 completed complete VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 19 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 21 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 22 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 23 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 24 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 27 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 28 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 29 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 32 counted count VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 33 5,488 5,488 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 34 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 43 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 7 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 10 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 12 Mammalogy Mammalogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 14 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 17 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 19 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 20 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 21 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 23 6,495 6,495 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 24 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 25 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 26 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 27 extinct extinct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 44 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 4 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 6 edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 9 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 11 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 14 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 18 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 19 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 20 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 21 coined coin VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 23 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 24 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 26 1758 1758 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 28 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 31 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 32 mamma mamma NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 35 teat teat VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 37 pap pap NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 45 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 2 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 3 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 4 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 5 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 7 Timothy Timothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 8 Rowe Rowe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 9 defined define VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 10 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 11 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 14 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 17 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 20 clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 21 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 24 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 25 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 26 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 27 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 29 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 30 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 32 echidnas echidna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 34 platypuses platypus NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 37 Therian therian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 38 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 40 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 42 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 45 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 46 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 48 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 49 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 46 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 6 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 7 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 10 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 13 Rowe Rowe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 15 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 16 excludes exclude VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 17 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 18 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 21 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 22 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 24 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 26 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 28 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 29 fossils fossil NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 32 Haramiyida Haramiyida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 33 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 34 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 35 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 38 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 39 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 41 mid-19th mid-19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 42 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 47 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 4 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 5 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 7 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 10 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 14 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 17 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 18 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 22 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 23 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 25 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 26 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 27 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 28 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 30 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 31 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 32 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 35 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 48 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 1 Ambondro Ambondro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 4 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 5 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 7 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 10 therian therian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 12 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 13 Amphilestes Amphilestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 15 Amphitherium Amphitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 18 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 19 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 22 therians therians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 25 fossils fossil NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 27 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 28 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 29 genera genus NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 31 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 32 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 33 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 34 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 35 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 36 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 39 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 40 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 42 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 45 reasonable reasonable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 46 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 47 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 49 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 52 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 53 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 49 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 4 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 5 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 6 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 8 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 11 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 12 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 15 Synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 17 possess possess VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 19 dentary dentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 21 squamosal squamosal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 22 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 23 articulation articulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 25 occlusion occlusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 27 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 29 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 30 molars molar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 33 transverse transverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 34 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 37 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 41 equivalently equivalently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 43 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 44 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 45 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 48 clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 49 originating originate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 50 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 52 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 53 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 54 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 56 Sinoconodon Sinoconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 58 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 59 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 50 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 5 earliest early RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 7 synapsid synapsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 8 satisfying satisfy VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 9 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 11 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 13 Tikitherium Tikitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 15 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 16 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 17 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 19 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 21 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 23 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 26 broader broad JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 27 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 28 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 30 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 31 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 32 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 33 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 34 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 51 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 2 10][11 10][11 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 4 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 6 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 7 classification[edit classification[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 9 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 12 Mammal_classification mammal_classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 13 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 15 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 16 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 17 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 18 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 19 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 20 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 23 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 25 comprehensively comprehensively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 26 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 28 Malcolm Malcolm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 29 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 30 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 32 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 33 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 34 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 37 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 38 resulted result VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 41 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 42 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 43 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 44 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 52 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 3 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 5 Classification Classification NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 7 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 8 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 10 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 11 Level,[12 Level,[12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 15 comprehensive comprehensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 16 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 19 systematics systematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 21 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 23 occurrences occurrence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 25 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 26 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 27 taxa taxa NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 29 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 31 extinct extinct VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 33 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 34 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 36 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 38 genus genus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 40 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 41 molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 42 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 43 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 44 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 45 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 48 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 49 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 50 groupings grouping NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 53 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 2 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 3 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 4 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 6 paleontologists paleontologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 9 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 10 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 12 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 15 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 16 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 54 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 1 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 2 inherited inherit VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 4 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 6 Simpson Simpson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 10 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 12 constructed construct VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 14 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 15 updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 16 hierarchical hierarchical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 17 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 19 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 20 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 22 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 23 taxa taxa NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 25 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 27 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 28 genealogy genealogy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 30 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 55 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 6 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 7 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 9 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 12 labelled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 15 dagger dagger NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 17 † † NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 56 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 1 Class Class NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 2 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 3 Subclass Subclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 4 Prototheria Prototheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 6 monotremes monotremes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 8 echidnas echidnas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 11 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 12 Subclass Subclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 13 Theriiformes Theriiformes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 15 live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 17 bearing bearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 18 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 21 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 22 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 23 Infraclass Infraclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 24 †Allotheria †Allotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 26 multituberculates multituberculate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 27 Infraclass Infraclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 28 †Eutriconodonta †Eutriconodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 30 eutriconodonts eutriconodont VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 31 Infraclass Infraclass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 32 Holotheria Holotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 34 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 35 live live NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 37 bearing bear VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 38 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 40 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 41 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 42 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 43 Superlegion Superlegion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 44 †Kuehneotheria †Kuehneotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 45 Supercohort Supercohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 46 Theria Theria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 48 live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 50 bearing bearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 51 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 52 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 53 Marsupialia Marsupialia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 54 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 55 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 56 Magnorder Magnorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 57 Australidelphia Australidelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 58 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 59 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 60 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 63 monito monito NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 64 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 65 monte monte JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 66 Magnorder Magnorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 67 Ameridelphia Ameridelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 69 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 70 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 71 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 57 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 1 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 2 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 3 paraphyletic paraphyletic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 6 shrew shrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 7 opossums opossum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 8 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 9 closer close JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 11 australidelphians australidelphian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 58 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 4 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 5 Placentalia Placentalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 7 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 8 Magnorder Magnorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 9 Xenarthra Xenarthra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 11 xenarthrans xenarthrans NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 12 Magnorder Magnorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 13 Epitheria Epitheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 15 epitheres epithere VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 16 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 17 †Leptictida †Leptictida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 18 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 19 Preptotheria Preptotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 20 Grandorder Grandorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 21 Anagalida Anagalida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 23 lagomorphs lagomorphs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 25 rodents rodent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 27 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 28 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 29 Grandorder Grandorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 30 Ferae Ferae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 32 carnivorans carnivoran NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 34 pangolins pangolin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 36 †creodonts †creodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 38 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 39 Grandorder Grandorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 40 Lipotyphla Lipotyphla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 42 insectivorans insectivorans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 43 Grandorder Grandorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 44 Archonta Archonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 45 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 46 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 48 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 50 colugos colugos VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 52 treeshrews treeshrew VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 53 Grandorder Grandorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 54 Ungulata Ungulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 55 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 56 ungulates ungulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 57 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 58 Tubulidentata Tubulidentata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 59 incertae incertae NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 60 sedis sedi NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 61 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 62 aardvark aardvark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 63 Mirorder Mirorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 64 Eparctocyona Eparctocyona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 65 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 66 †condylarths †condylarth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 68 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 69 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 70 artiodactyls artiodactyls NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 72 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 73 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 74 toed toe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 75 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 76 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 77 Mirorder mirorder NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 78 †Meridiungulata †meridiungulata NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 79 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 80 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 81 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 82 ungulates ungulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 83 Mirorder Mirorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 84 Altungulata Altungulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 85 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 86 perissodactyls perissodactyls NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 87 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 88 odd odd JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 89 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 90 toed toed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 91 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 92 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 94 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 95 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 96 manatees manatee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 97 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 98 hyraxes hyraxe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 99 Molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 100 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 102 placentals[edit placentals[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 103 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 104 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 105 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 106 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 107 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 108 21st 21st JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 109 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 110 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 111 molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 112 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 113 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 114 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 115 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 116 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 117 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 118 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 119 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 120 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 121 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 122 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 123 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 59 124 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 4 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 7 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 8 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 10 retrotransposon retrotransposon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 11 presence presence NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 12 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 13 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 14 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 60 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 4 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 5 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 8 molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 9 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 10 reveal reveal VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 11 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 12 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 13 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 15 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 17 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 18 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 20 Afrotheria Afrotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 22 Xenarthra Xenarthra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 24 Boreoeutheria Boreoeutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 25 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 27 diverged diverge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 30 Cretaceous Cretaceous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 61 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 2 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 6 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 8 contentious contentious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 13 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 14 hypotheses hypothesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 17 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 19 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 24 basal basal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 62 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 2 hypotheses hypothesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 4 Atlantogenata Atlantogenata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 6 basal basal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 7 Boreoeutheria Boreoeutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 10 Epitheria Epitheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 12 basal basal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 13 Xenarthra Xenarthra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 16 Exafroplacentalia Exafroplacentalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 18 basal basal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 19 Afrotheria Afrotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 63 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 4 Boreoeutheria Boreoeutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 6 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 7 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 10 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 11 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 12 Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 14 Laurasiatheria Laurasiatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 64 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 1 Estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 4 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 5 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 9 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 11 range range VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 13 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 15 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 17 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 18 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 19 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 21 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 24 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 26 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 27 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 31 nuclear nuclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 33 mitochondrial)[16 mitochondrial)[16 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 36 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 37 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 39 paleogeographic paleogeographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 40 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 65 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 4 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 5     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 6 Monotremata Monotremata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 7     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 8 Theria Theria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 9     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 10 Marsupialia Marsupialia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 11     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 12 Placentalia Placentalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 13 Atlantogenata Atlantogenata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 14     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 15 Afrotheria Afrotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 16         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 17 Xenarthra Xenarthra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 18         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 19 Boreoeutheria Boreoeutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 20 Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 21     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 22 Euarchonta Euarchonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 23         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 24 Glires Glires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 25         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 26 Laurasiatheria Laurasiatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 27     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 28 Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 29     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 30 Scrotifera Scrotifera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 31     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 32 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 33         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 34 Euungulata Euungulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 35     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 36 Cetartiodactyla Cetartiodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 37         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 38 Perissodactyla Perissodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 39         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 40 Ferae Ferae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 41     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 42 Pholidota Pholidota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 43         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 44 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 45                                     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 46 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 47 cladogram cladogram NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 48 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 50 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 51 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 52 Tarver Tarver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 53 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 54 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 66 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 2 2016)[17 2016)[17 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 4 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 7 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 8 Afrotheria[18 afrotheria[18 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 10 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 11 Afroinsectiphilia Afroinsectiphilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 12 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 13 Macroscelidea Macroscelidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 15 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 16 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 18 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 20 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 21 Afrosoricida Afrosoricida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 23 tenrecs tenrecs JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 25 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 26 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 28 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 30 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 31 Tubulidentata tubulidentata NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 33 aardvark aardvark JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 35 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 36 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 39 Sahara Sahara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 41 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 42 Paenungulata Paenungulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 43 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 44 Hyracoidea Hyracoidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 45 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 46 hyraxes hyrax NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 47 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 48 dassies dassie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 50 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 52 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 54 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 55 Proboscidea proboscidea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 56 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 57 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 59 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 61 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 62 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 64 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 65 Sirenia Sirenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 66 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 67 dugong dugong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 69 manatees manatees NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 71 cosmopolitan cosmopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 72 tropical tropical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 74 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 75 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 76 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 77 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 78 Xenarthra[18 Xenarthra[18 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 79 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 80 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 81 Pilosa pilosa NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 82 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 83 sloths sloth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 84 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 85 anteaters anteater NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 86 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 87 neotropical neotropical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 89 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 90 Cingulata Cingulata NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 91 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 92 armadillos armadillo NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 93 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 94 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 95 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 97 Americas Americas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 98 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 99 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 100 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 101 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 102 Magnaorder magnaorder NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 103 Boreoeutheria[18 Boreoeutheria[18 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 104 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 105 Superorder superorder NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 106 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 107 Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 109 Supraprimates Supraprimates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 110 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 111 Grandorder Grandorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 112 Euarchonta Euarchonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 113 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 114 Scandentia Scandentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 115 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 116 treeshrews treeshrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 117 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 118 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 119 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 120 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 67 121 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 1 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 2 Dermoptera Dermoptera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 4 flying fly VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 5 lemurs lemur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 7 colugos colugos VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 9 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 10 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 12 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 13 Primates Primates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 15 lemurs lemur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 17 bushbabies bushbaby NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 19 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 21 apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 23 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 25 cosmopolitan cosmopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 27 Grandorder Grandorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 28 Glires Glires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 29 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 30 Lagomorpha Lagomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 32 pikas pikas NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 34 rabbits rabbit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 36 hares hare NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 38 Eurasia Eurasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 40 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 42 Americas Americas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 44 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 45 Rodentia Rodentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 46 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 47 rodents rodent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 49 cosmopolitan cosmopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 51 Superorder Superorder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 52 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 53 Laurasiatheria Laurasiatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 54 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 55 Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 56 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 57 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 59 hedgehogs hedgehog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 61 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 63 solenodons solenodon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 64 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 65 Scrotifera Scrotifera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 66 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 67 Chiroptera chiroptera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 69 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 71 cosmopolitan cosmopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 73 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 74 Fereuungulata Fereuungulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 75 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 76 Ferae Ferae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 77 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 78 Pholidota Pholidota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 79 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 80 pangolins pangolin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 81 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 82 scaly scaly NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 83 anteaters anteater NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 84 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 85 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 87 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 88 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 89 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 90 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 91 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 92 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 93 carnivores carnivores NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 94 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 95 cosmopolitan cosmopolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 96 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 97 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 98 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 99 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 100 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 101 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 102 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 103 Euungulata Euungulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 104 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 105 Cetartiodactyla Cetartiodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 106 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 107 cetaceans cetacean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 109 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 110 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 111 dolphins dolphin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 112 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 113 porpoises porpoise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 114 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 115 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 116 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 117 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 118 toed toe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 119 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 121 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 122 pigs pig NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 123 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 124 cattle cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 125 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 126 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 127 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 128 giraffes giraffes NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 129 Order Order NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 130 Perissodactyla Perissodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 131 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 132 odd odd RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 133 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 134 toed toed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 135 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 136 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 137 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 138 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 139 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 140 donkeys donkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 141 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 142 zebras zebra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 143 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 144 tapirs tapir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 145 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 146 rhinoceroses rhinocerose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 147 Evolution[edit evolution[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 148 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 149 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 150 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 151 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 152 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 153 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 154 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 155 Origins[edit Origins[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 156 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 157 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 158 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 159 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 160 clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 161 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 162 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 163 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 164 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 165 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 166 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 167 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 168 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 169 originated originate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 170 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 171 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 172 Pennsylvanian pennsylvanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 173 subperiod subperiod NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 174 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 175 ~323 ~323 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 176   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 177 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 178 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 179 ~300 ~300 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 180   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 181 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 182 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 183 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 184 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 185 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 186 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 187 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 188 split split VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 189 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 190 reptilian reptilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 191 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 192 avian avian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 193 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 68 194 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 1 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 2 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 3 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 4 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 6 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 7 mammaliaforms mammaliaform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 10 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 11 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 69 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 2 cladogram cladogram NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 3 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 4 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 8 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 9 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 70 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 4 Mammaliaformes Mammaliaformes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 5     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 6 Morganucodontidae Morganucodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 7             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 8 Docodonta Docodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 9             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 10 Haldanodon Haldanodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 11     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 12 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 13     _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 14 Australosphenida Australosphenida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 16 incl incl VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 71 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 1 Monotremata Monotremata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 3             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 4 Fruitafossor Fruitafossor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 5                 _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 6 Haramiyavia Haramiyavia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 7         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 8 Multituberculata Multituberculata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 9             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 10 Tinodon Tinodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 11         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 12 Eutriconodonta Eutriconodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 14 incl incl NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 72 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 73 1 Gobiconodonta Gobiconodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 73 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 73 3         _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 73 4 Trechnotheria Trechnotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 73 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 73 6 incl incl VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 73 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 1 Theria Theria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 3                             _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 4 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 6 amniotes[edit amniotes[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 9 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 10 synapsid synapsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 11 skull skull NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 12 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 13 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 15 temporal temporal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 16 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 17 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 19 orbitals orbital NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 23 fairly fairly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 24 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 25 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 28 skull skull NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 30 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 31 right right RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 34 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 74 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 2 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 3 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 5 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 7 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 9 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 10 muscles muscle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 13 organisms organism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 15 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 17 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 19 biting biting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 20 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 75 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 3 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 4 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 5 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 7 amniotes amniote NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 76 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 2 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 3 amphibious amphibious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 4 tetrapod tetrapod NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 5 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 9 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 11 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 77 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 1 Amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 2 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 7 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 8 membranes membrane NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 10 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 12 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 13 embryo embryo NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 15 breathe breathe VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 17 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 18 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 78 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 1 Hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 3 amniotes amniote NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 5 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 6 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 8 dry dry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 9 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 11 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 12 amphibians amphibian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 13 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 14 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 16 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 18 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 20 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 79 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 3 amniotes amniote NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 4 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 5 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 8 Pennsylvanian pennsylvanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 9 subperiod subperiod NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 12 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 80 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 2 descended descend VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 4 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 5 reptiliomorph reptiliomorph NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 6 amphibious amphibious NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 7 tetrapods,[20 tetrapods,[20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 10 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 12 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 15 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 16 inhabited inhabit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 18 insects insect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 21 invertebrates invertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 22 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 23 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 25 ferns fern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 27 mosses moss NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 30 plants plant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 81 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 3 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 4 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 5 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 8 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 9 amniote amniote NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 10 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 12 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 15 synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 18 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 19 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 20 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 23 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 26 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 30 sauropsids sauropsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 33 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 34 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 35 turtles turtle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 37 lizards lizard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 39 snakes snake NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 41 crocodilians crocodilians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 43 dinosaurs dinosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 45 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 46 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 82 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 4 Synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 7 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 8 hole hole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 10 temporal temporal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 11 fenestra fenestra NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 13 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 15 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 16 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 19 skull skull NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 83 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 2 synapsid synapsid NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 6 pelycosaurs pelycosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 8 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 10 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 12 fiercest fierce JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 13 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 16 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 17 Permian Permian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 84 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 4 Nonmammalian nonmammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 5 synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 7 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 9 inaccurately inaccurately RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 11 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 13 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 15 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 16 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 85 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 2 23][24 23][24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 4 Therapsids Therapsids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 9 synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 11 descended descend VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 13 pelycosaurs pelycosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 16 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 17 Permian Permian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 19 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 20 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 22 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 23 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 24 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 27 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 29 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 30 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 31 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 86 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 5 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 7 basal basal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 8 eupelycosaurs eupelycosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 10 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 11 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 14 skull skull NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 16 jaws jaw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 18 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 20 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 21 skulls skull NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 23 incisors incisor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 26 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 28 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 30 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 32 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 33 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 35 eupelycosaurs eupelycosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 87 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 5 therapsid therapsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 6 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 7 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 10 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 11 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 13 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 15 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 17 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 19 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 22 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 23 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 26 pelycosaur pelycosaur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 27 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 29 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 31 probainognathian probainognathian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 32 cynodonts cynodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 34 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 37 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 38 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 39 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 40 mistaken mistaken JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 42 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 88 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 1 Those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 2 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 4 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 5 by:[25 by:[25 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 8 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 9 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 12 bony bony NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 13 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 14 palate palate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 89 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 1 Progression progression NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 2 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 4 erect erect NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 5 limb limb NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 6 posture posture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 9 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 10 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 12 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 13 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 14 stamina stamina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 16 avoiding avoid VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 17 Carrier Carrier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 19 constraint constraint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 90 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 3 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 5 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 7 erratic erratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 10 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 13 herbivorous herbivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 14 nonmammaliaform nonmammaliaform JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 15 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 16 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 17 sprawling sprawl VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 18 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 21 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 22 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 23 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 24 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 25 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 26 semierect semierect JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 27 hind hind NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 28 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 31 Permian permian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 32 carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 33 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 34 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 35 sprawling sprawl VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 36 forelimbs forelimb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 39 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 40 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 41 Permian permian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 42 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 43 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 44 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 45 semisprawling semisprawle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 46 hindlimbs hindlimb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 91 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 4 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 5 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 6 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 8 semisprawling semisprawle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 9 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 92 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 2 dentary dentary NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 3 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 6 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 7 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 10 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 11 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 16 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 18 progressed progress VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 19 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 21 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 22 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 23 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 26 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 27 consisting consisting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 28 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 31 dentary dentary NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 34 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 35 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 37 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 39 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 42 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 43 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 44 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 45 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 46 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 48 construct construct VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 50 jaws jaw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 52 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 93 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 1 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 2 mammals[edit mammals[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 5 Permian permian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 7 Triassic triassic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 8 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 9 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 10 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 11 252 252 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 13 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 14 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 15 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 20 prolonged prolonged JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 21 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 22 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 25 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 27 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 28 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 29 pulses pulse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 31 ended end VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 33 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 35 carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 36 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 94 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 7 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 10 medium medium JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 12 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 13 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 14 carnivore carnivore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 15 niches niche NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 17 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 18 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 20 archosaurs[27 archosaurs[27 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 24 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 26 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 27 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 29 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 31 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 32 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 35 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 37 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 39 crocodylomorphs,[28 crocodylomorphs,[28 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 42 pterosaurs pterosaurs NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 45 dinosaurs;[29 dinosaurs;[29 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 47 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 49 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 50 cynodonts cynodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 51 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 52 Trucidocynodon Trucidocynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 54 traversodontids traversodontid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 55 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 56 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 57 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 58 sized sized JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 59 carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 61 herbivorous herbivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 62 niches niche NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 63 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 95 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 3 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 6 dinosaurs dinosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 8 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 10 dominate dominate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 12 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 13 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 14 herbivore herbivore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 15 niches niche NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 96 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 9 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 11 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 13 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 16 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 17 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 18 epoch epoch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 20 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 21 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 23 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 24 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 25 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 28 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 30 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 31 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 32 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 34 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 35 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 97 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 2 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 3 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 6 nocturnal nocturnal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 7 insectivore insectivore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 8 niche niche NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 11 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 12 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 13 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 14 onwards;[31 onwards;[31 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 17 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 18 Castorocauda Castorocauda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 21 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 25 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 26 relative relative NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 28 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 29 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 32 adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 34 swimming swimming NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 36 digging dig VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 38 catching catch VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 39 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 98 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 4 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 6 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 11 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 13 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 14 remained remain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 15 nocturnal nocturnal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 18 nocturnal nocturnal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 19 bottleneck bottleneck NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 22 accounting account VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 24 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 27 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 28 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 29 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 99 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 5 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 8 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 9 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 11 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 14 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 15 Era Era NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 17 multituberculates multituberculate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 19 eutriconodonts eutriconodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 21 spalacotheriids spalacotheriid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 100 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 5 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 7 metatherian metatherian NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 9 Sinodelphys Sinodelphys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 11 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 13 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 15 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 17 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 19 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 20 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 21 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 22 shale shale NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 24 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 26 northeastern northeastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 27 Liaoning Liaoning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 28 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 101 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 2 fossil fossil NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 4 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 5 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 7 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 8 tufts tuft NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 10 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 12 imprints imprint NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 14 soft soft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 15 tissues tissue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 102 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 4 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 6 Juramaia Juramaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 7 sinensis sinensis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 10 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 12 Eutherian Eutherian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 14 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 103 15 M.Y.A. m.y.a. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 3 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 6 oldest oldest RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 8 fossil fossil NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 11 Eutheria Eutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 14 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 15 beasts beast NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 20 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 21 shrewlike shrewlike JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 22 Juramaia Juramaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 23 sinensis sinensis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 27 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 28 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 30 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 33 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 35 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 36   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 37 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 38 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 39 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 42 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 43 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 104 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 5 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 6 eutherian eutherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 7 relative relative NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 9 Eomaia Eomaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 11 dated date VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 13 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 15 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 16 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 17 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 20 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 21 Cretaceous Cretaceous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 23 possessed possess VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 24 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 25 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 27 common common NN 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en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 51 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 52 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 53 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 54 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 55 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 58 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 59 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 105 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 8 epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 9 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 10 extend extend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 11 forwards forwards RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 14 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 106 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 4 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 6 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 7 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 8 placental placental NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 13 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 15 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 17 monotremes monotremes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 20 nontherian nontherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 21 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 23 Ukhaatherium Ukhaatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 26 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 27 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 28 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 31 eutherian eutherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 32 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 33 Asioryctitheria Asioryctitheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 107 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 108 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 108 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 108 3 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 108 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 108 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 108 6 multituberculates multituberculate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 108 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 6 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 8 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 9 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 12 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 13 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 16 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 17 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 109 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 2 epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 3 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 4 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 6 function function VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 8 stiffening stiffen VBG 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en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 31 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 110 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 2 narrow narrow JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 3 pelvic pelvic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 4 outlet outlet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 5 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 8 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 10 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 11 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 13 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 15 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 16 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 18 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 111 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114 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 14 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 15 amniotes amniote NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 19 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 20 orifice orifice NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 22 urinate urinate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 24 defecate defecate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 26 reproduce reproduce NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 28 cloaca)—as cloaca)—as NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 29 lizards lizard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 31 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 33 do—[41 do—[41 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 36 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 37 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 38 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 40 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 41 leathery leathery NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 43 uncalcified uncalcified JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 114 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 4 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 5 appearances appearance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 7 features[edit features[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 9 Hadrocodium Hadrocodium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 11 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 12 fossils fossil NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 13 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 15 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 16 195 195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 18 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 19 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 20 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 25 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 27 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 29 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 30 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 31 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 34 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 35 joint joint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 36 formed form VBN 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en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 61 jaws jaw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 63 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 64 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 65 synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 115 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 4 Fossil Fossil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 6 Thrinaxodon Thrinaxodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 9 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 10 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 12 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 15 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 16 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 17 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 19 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 21 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 24 fossils fossil NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 26 Castorocauda Castorocauda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 28 Megaconus Megaconus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 31 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 33 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 34 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 35 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 38 mid mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 39 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 40 Jurassic jurassic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 116 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 3 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 7 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 10 foramina foramina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 12 passages passage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 16 maxillae maxillae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 18 premaxillae premaxillae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 20 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 23 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 26 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 27 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 30 cynodonts cynodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 31 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 32 channels channel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 34 supplied supply VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 35 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 36 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 38 nerves nerve NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 40 vibrissae vibrissae VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 42 whiskers whisker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 45 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 46 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 47 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 49 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 51 fur;[44][45 fur;[44][45 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 52 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 53 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 54 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 55 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 56 pointed point VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 57 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 59 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 61 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 62 foramina foramina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 63 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 64 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 65 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 66 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 67 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 68 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 69 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 70 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 71 vibrissae vibrissae VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 72 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 73 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 75 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 76 lizard lizard NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 77 Tupinambis Tupinambis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 78 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 79 foramina foramina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 80 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 81 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 82 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 83 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 84 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 85 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 86 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 87 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 88 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 89 nonmammalian nonmammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 90 cynodont cynodont NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 91 Thrinaxodon Thrinaxodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 117 92 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 2 24][46 24][46 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 4 Popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 7 nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 9 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 11 attribute attribute VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 12 whiskers whisker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 14 Thrinaxodon Thrinaxodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 118 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 4 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 6 Permian permian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 7 coprolites coprolite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 8 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 10 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 12 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 13 synapsids synapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 16 epoch epoch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 17 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 18 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 19 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 21 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 23 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 25 hairs hair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 26 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 28 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 29 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 31 dicynodonts dicynodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 119 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 5 endothermy endothermy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 6 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 7 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 10 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 12 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 14 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 16 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 19 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 20 agreed agree VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 22 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 23 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 24 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 26 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 27 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 28 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 29 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 120 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 2 48][49 48][49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 5 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 7 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 8 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 9 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 12 variable variable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 13 metabolic metabolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 14 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 16 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 18 placentals,[50 placentals,[50 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 21 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 23 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 28 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 30 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 31 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 32 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 35 therians therians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 37 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 38 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 39 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 40 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 41 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 42 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 43 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 45 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 46 therians therian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 121 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 7 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 8 therians therian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 9 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 10 afrotheres afrothere NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 12 xenarthrans xenarthran NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 14 secondarily secondarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 15 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 16 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 17 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 18 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 122 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 5 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 7 erect erect NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 8 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 10 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 12 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 13 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 14 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 16 fossil fossil JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 17 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 18 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 19 sprawling sprawl VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 20 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 123 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 2 parasagittal parasagittal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 4 nonsprawling nonsprawling NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 6 limb limb NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 7 posture posture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 8 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 9 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 12 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 13 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 15 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 16 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 20 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 23 eutherian eutherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 24 Eomaia Eomaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 27 metatherian metatherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 28 Sinodelphys Sinodelphys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 30 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 31 dated date VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 33 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 35 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 36 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 37 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 124 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 4 Epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 5 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 8 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 10 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 11 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 13 reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 16 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 17 clades clade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 20 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 21 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 23 Tritylodontidae Tritylodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 25 suggesting suggest VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 30 synapomorphy synapomorphy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 31 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 32 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 34 mammaliformes mammaliforme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 125 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 3 omnipresent omnipresent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 5 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 7 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 8 mammaliformes mammaliforme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 10 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 11 Megazostrodon Megazostrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 13 Erythrotherium Erythrotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 14 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 17 lacked lack VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 126 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 7 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 10 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 11 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 13 lactation lactation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 15 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 16 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 20 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 21 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 22 moist moist JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 127 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 1 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 4 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 8 monotremes monotremes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 11 egg egg NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 13 laying lay VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 14 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 128 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 2 55][56 55][56 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 4 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 7 mammals[edit mammals[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 9 Therian therian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 10 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 11 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 12 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 14 medium- medium- NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 18 sized sized JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 19 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 20 niches niche NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 23 Cenozoic Cenozoic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 25 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 27 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 28 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 29 Paleogene Paleogene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 30 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 31 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 32 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 33 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 35 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 36 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 37 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 38 emptied empty VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 39 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 40 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 41 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 42 filled fill VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 44 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 45 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 46 avian avian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 47 dinosaurs dinosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 49 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 50 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 52 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 54 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 55 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 56 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 57 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 58 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 59 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 60 groups,[57 groups,[57 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 61 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 63 underwent undergo VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 64 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 65 exponential exponential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 66 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 67 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 68 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 69 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 71 megafauna megafauna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 129 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 4 Then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 6 diversified diversify VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 7 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 8 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 10 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 11 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 13 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 14 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 16 exponential exponential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 17 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 19 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 130 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 8 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 10 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 11 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 13 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 14 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 16 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 17 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 18 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 21 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 23 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 24 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 25 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 27 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 30 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 31 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 32 avian avian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 33 dinosaurs dinosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 131 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 4 Molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 5 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 7 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 8 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 10 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 11 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 12 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 13 diverged diverge VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 14 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 15 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 17 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 19 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 20 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 21 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 24 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 25 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 26 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 29 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 32 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 33 Eocene Eocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 34 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 36 Miocene Miocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 132 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 7 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 8 fossils fossil NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 11 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 13 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 15 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 18 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 133 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 5 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 6 undisputed undisputed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 7 fossils fossil NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 9 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 10 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 13 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 14 Paleocene Paleocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 16 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 18 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 21 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 22 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 23 avian avian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 24 dinosaurs dinosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 134 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 7 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 9 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 12 Paleocene Paleocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 13 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 14 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 15 Protungulatum Protungulatum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 16 donnae donnae NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 21 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 22 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 23 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 135 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 8 reclassified reclassify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 13 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 14 eutherian eutherian NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 136 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 4 Recalibrations Recalibrations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 6 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 8 morphological morphological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 9 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 10 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 12 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 14 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 15 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 16 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 18 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 22 Paleocene Paleocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 23 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 25 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 26 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 27 clades clade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 137 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 5 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 7 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 9 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 11 Archicebus Archicebus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 12 achilles[65 achilles[65 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 15 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 16 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 18 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 19 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 20 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 138 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 2 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 5 tiny tiny JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 6 primate primate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 7 weighed weigh VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 8 20–30 20–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 139 9 grams gram NNS 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en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 43 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 45 meet meet VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 47 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 49 joint joint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 142 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 3 gnathostomes gnathostome NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 5 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 7 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 10 joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 11 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 14 articular articular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 17 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 18 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 21 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 24 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 25 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 28 quadrate quadrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 31 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 32 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 35 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 38 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 39 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 143 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 4 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 5 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 8 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 10 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 13 sound sound NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 15 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 18 eardrum eardrum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 21 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 23 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 24 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 27 malleus malleus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 30 incus incus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 33 stapes stape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 144 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 1 Ancestrally ancestrally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 4 malleus malleus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 7 incus incus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 9 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 12 articular articular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 15 quadrate quadrate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 16 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 18 constituted constitute VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 20 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 21 joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 23 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 24 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 145 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 4 Tooth tooth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 5 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 7 Teeth Teeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 10 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 11 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 146 12 ( ( -LRB- 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, en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 6 manatees manatee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 9 kangaroos kangaroo NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 10 continually continually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 11 grow grow VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 13 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 14 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 18 polyphyodonty polyphyodonty NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 147 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 4 Prismatic prismatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 5 enamel enamel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 8 enamel enamel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 9 coating coat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 12 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 15 tooth tooth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 16 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 18 prisms prism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 20 solid solid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 22 rod rod NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 24 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 25 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 26 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 29 dentin dentin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 32 tooth tooth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 34 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 148 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 4 Occipital occipital JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 5 condyles condyle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 7 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 8 knobs knob NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 11 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 14 skull skull NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 15 fit fit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 18 topmost topmost NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 19 neck neck NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 20 vertebra vertebra NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 22 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 24 tetrapods tetrapod NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 27 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 30 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 31 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 32 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 33 knob knob NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 149 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 10 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 13 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 16 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 17 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 20 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 150 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 4 Nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 6 mammaliaforms mammaliaform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 7 possess possess VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 9 epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 10 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 13 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 15 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 16 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 151 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 4 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 5 dimorphism[edit dimorphism[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 7 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 8 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 10 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 13 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 15 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 18 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 20 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 21 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 22 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 23 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 24 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 25 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 26 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 28 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 29 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 30 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 32 investigated investigate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 33 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 152 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 2 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 3 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 6 exhibit exhibit VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 7 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 9 biased bias VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 10 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 11 dimorphism dimorphism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 13 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 15 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 16 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 18 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 19 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 20 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 23 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 24 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 26 biased biased JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 28 Lagomorpha Lagomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 153 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 1 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 2 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 3 dimorphism dimorphism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 4 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 6 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 7 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 8 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 11 Rensch Rensch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 12 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 13 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 16 suggesting suggest VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 18 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 20 parallel parallel JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 21 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 22 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 24 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 25 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 27 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 28 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 154 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 1 Male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 3 biased bias VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 4 dimorphism dimorphism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 5 relates relate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 7 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 8 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 10 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 11 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 12 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 14 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 15 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 17 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 20 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 23 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 24 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 25 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 27 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 29 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 30 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 33 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 35 mating mate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 36 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 40 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 42 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 44 biased bias VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 45 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 46 dimorphism dimorphism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 155 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 2 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 4 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 5 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 8 positively positively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 9 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 11 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 13 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 14 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 15 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 16 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 156 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 1 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 4 parallel parallel JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 5 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 6 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 8 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 9 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 11 identified identified NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 13 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 14 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 16 weaning wean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 18 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 19 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 22 polygynous polygynous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 23 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 25 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 26 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 27 correcting correct VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 29 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 30 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 157 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 3 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 4 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 6 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 8 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 9 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 11 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 13 fecundity fecundity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 14 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 15 selects select NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 17 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 18 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 20 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 158 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 3 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 4 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 5 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 9 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 11 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 13 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 14 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 15 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 16 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 159 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 4 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 5 systems[edit systems[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 10 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 11 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 12 Raccoon Raccoon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 13 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 15 inflated inflate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 16 manually manually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 18 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 20 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 22 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 23 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 24 vertebrae vertebra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 26 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 160 29 neck)\. neck)\. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 2 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 5 manatee manatee NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 10 toed toed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 11 sloth sloth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 15 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 19 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 21 toed toed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 22 sloth sloth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 25 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 161 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 4 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 5 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 6 brains brain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 7 possess possess VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 9 neocortex neocortex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 12 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 13 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 14 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 16 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 162 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 4 Placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 5 brains brain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 8 corpus corpus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 9 callosum callosum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 11 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 12 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 14 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 163 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 5 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 9 spongy spongy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 11 honeycombed honeycombed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 164 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 1 Breathing breathing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 3 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 4 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 7 diaphragm diaphragm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 10 divides divide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 12 thorax thorax NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 15 abdominal abdominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 16 cavity cavity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 18 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 20 dome dome NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 21 convex convex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 24 thorax thorax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 165 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 1 Contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 4 diaphragm diaphragm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 5 flattens flatten VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 7 dome dome NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 9 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 11 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 14 lung lung NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 15 cavity cavity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 166 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 1 Air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 2 enters enter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 3 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 5 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 7 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 8 cavities cavity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 11 travels travel VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 14 larynx larynx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 16 trachea trachea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 18 bronchi bronchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 21 expands expand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 23 alveoli alveoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 167 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 1 Relaxing relax VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 3 diaphragm diaphragm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 6 opposite opposite JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 7 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 9 decreasing decrease VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 11 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 14 lung lung NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 15 cavity cavity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 17 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 18 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 21 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 22 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 25 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 168 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 2 exercise exercise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 5 abdominal abdominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 6 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 7 contracts contract NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 9 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 10 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 13 diaphragm diaphragm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 16 forces force VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 17 air air VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 18 out out RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 19 quicker quick RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 22 forcefully forcefully RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 169 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 2 rib rib NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 3 cage cage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 5 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 7 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 9 contract contract VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 11 chest chest NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 12 cavity cavity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 13 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 15 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 18 respiratory respiratory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 19 muscles muscle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 170 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 1 Consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 3 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 5 sucked suck VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 8 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 9 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 12 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 14 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 15 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 16 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 18 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 19 gradient gradient NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 171 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 2 79][80 79][80 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 5 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 7 lung lung NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 12 bellows bellow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 13 lung lung NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 14 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 17 resemblance resemblance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 19 blacksmith blacksmith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 20 bellows bellow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 172 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 5 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 6 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 8 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 9 chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 12 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 13 atria atria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 16 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 17 chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 20 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 21 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 22 ventricles ventricle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 25 discharging discharging NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 26 chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 173 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 5 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 7 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 8 valves valve NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 11 separate separate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 13 chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 15 ensures ensure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 16 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 17 flows flow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 20 correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 21 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 22 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 24 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 26 preventing prevent VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 27 backflow backflow NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 174 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 2 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 3 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 6 pulmonary pulmonary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 7 capillaries capillary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 9 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 10 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 13 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 16 oxygen oxygen NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 18 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 19 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 20 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 23 left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 24 atrium atrium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 25 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 29 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 30 pulmonary pulmonary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 31 veins vein NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 175 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 1 Blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 2 flows flow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 3 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 4 continuously continuously RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 5 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 8 atrium atrium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 11 acts act VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 14 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 15 chamber chamber NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 19 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 22 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 25 left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 26 ventricle ventricle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 176 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 2 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 3 flows flow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 4 passively passively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 7 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 8 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 9 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 11 atria atria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 13 ventricles ventricle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 15 relaxed relaxed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 18 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 20 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 23 ventricular ventricular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 24 relaxation relaxation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 25 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 28 left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 29 atrium atrium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 30 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 31 contract contract VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 33 pumping pump VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 34 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 35 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 37 ventricle ventricle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 177 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 2 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 4 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 5 nutrients nutrient NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 7 oxygen oxygen NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 8 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 10 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 11 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 13 muscles muscle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 17 supplied supply VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 18 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 19 coronary coronary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 20 arteries artery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 178 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 4 Didactic didactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 5 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 8 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 9 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 10 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 11 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 13 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 16 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 18 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 20 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 21 epidermis epidermis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 23 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 25 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 26 sebaceous sebaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 27 gland gland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 29 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 31 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 32 Arrector arrector NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 33 pili pili JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 34 muscle muscle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 36 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 37   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 38 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 39 dermis dermis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 41 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 42   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 43 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 44 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 45 follicle follicle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 47 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 49 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 50 sweat sweat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 51 gland gland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 53 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 55 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 56 labeled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 59 bottom bottom JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 60 layer layer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 62   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 63 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 64 hypodermis hypodermis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 66 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 67 round round JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 68 adipocytes adipocyte NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 69 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 70 integumentary integumentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 71 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 73 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 74 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 75 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 76 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 77 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 79 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 80 layers layer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 81 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 83 outermost outermost NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 84 epidermis epidermis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 86 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 87 dermis dermis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 88 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 89 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 90 hypodermis hypodermi NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 179 91 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 2 epidermis epidermis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 4 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 5 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 7 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 8 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 9 thick thick JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 12 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 13 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 16 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 18 waterproof waterproof JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 19 layer layer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 180 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 2 outermost outermost JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 3 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 5 constantly constantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 6 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 9 bottommost bottommost JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 10 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 12 constantly constantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 13 dividing divide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 15 pushing push VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 16 upward upward RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 181 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 2 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 3 layer layer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 6 dermis dermis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 9 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 11 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 12 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 13 thicker thick JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 16 epidermis epidermis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 182 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 2 dermis dermis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 4 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 5 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 8 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 12 bony bony NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 13 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 15 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 16 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 183 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 2 hypodermis hypodermi NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 4 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 5 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 7 adipose adipose JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 8 tissue tissue NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 11 stores store VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 12 lipids lipid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 14 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 15 cushioning cushioning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 17 insulation insulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 184 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 2 thickness thickness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 5 layer layer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 6 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 7 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 9 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 11 species;[83]:97 species;[83]:97 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 12 marine marine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 13 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 14 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 16 thick thick JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 17 hypodermis hypodermi NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 19 blubber blubber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 22 insulation insulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 25 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 26 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 29 thickest thick JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 30 blubber blubber NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 31 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 32 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 33 inches inch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 35 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 36   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 37 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 185 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 6 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 8 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 11 whiskers whisker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 13 feathers feather NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 15 setae setae NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 18 cilia cilia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 20 superficially superficially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 21 resemble resemble VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 24 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 25 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 27 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 28 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 30 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 186 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 4 definitive definitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 5 characteristic characteristic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 8 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 10 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 12 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 14 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 15 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 187 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 2 83]:61 83]:61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 4 carnassials carnassial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 6 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 9 very very JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 10 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 13 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 17 insectivorous insectivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 18 aardwolf aardwolf NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 20 left left RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 22 vs. vs. FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 26 gray gray JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 27 wolf wolf NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 29 right right UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 32 consumes consume VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 33 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 34 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 35 Herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 36 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 37 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 39 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 40 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 42 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 43 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 45 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 47 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 49 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 50 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 188 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 2 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 3 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 4 intact intact JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 5 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 6 tissues tissue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 10 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 11 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 12 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 14 reflect reflect VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 16 feeding feeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 17 preferences preference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 189 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 4 frugivores frugivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 6 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 8 feed feed VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 9 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 11 fruit fruit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 14 herbivores herbivore VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 16 feed feed VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 18 soft soft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 19 foliage foliage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 21 low low RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 23 crowned crown VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 24 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 25 specialized specialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 27 grinding grind VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 28 foliage foliage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 30 seeds seed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 190 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 1 Grazing graze VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 2 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 4 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 6 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 7 hard hard RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 9 silica silica NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 11 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 12 grasses grass NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 15 high high RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 17 crowned crown VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 18 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 22 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 24 grinding grind VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 25 tough tough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 26 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 27 tissues tissue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 29 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 31 wear wear VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 32 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 33 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 34 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 36 low low RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 38 crowned crown VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 39 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 191 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 4 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 5 carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 8 carnassialiforme carnassialiforme NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 9 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 12 varying varying NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 13 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 14 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 16 diet diet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 19 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 20 canines canine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 22 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 23 tooth tooth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 24 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 25 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 192 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 5 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 7 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 9 toed toe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 10 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 12 Artiodactyla Artiodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 15 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 17 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 18 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 21 rumen ruman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 24 reticulum reticulum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 27 omasum omasum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 30 abomasum abomasum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 32 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 33 ruminants ruminant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 34 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 36 rumen ruman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 193 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 3 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 4 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 6 consumed consume VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 10 mixed mix VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 12 saliva saliva NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 15 rumen ruman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 17 reticulum reticulum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 19 separates separate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 21 solid solid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 23 liquid liquid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 24 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 194 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 2 solids solid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 3 lump lump VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 4 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 6 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 8 bolus bolus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 11 cud cud NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 16 regurgitated regurgitate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 195 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 3 bolus bolus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 4 enters enter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 6 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 9 fluid fluid NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 11 squeezed squeeze VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 12 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 15 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 17 swallowed swallow VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 18 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 196 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 1 Ingested ingest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 2 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 3 passes pass VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 6 rumen ruman NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 8 reticulum reticulum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 9 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 10 cellulytic cellulytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 11 microbes microbe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 13 bacteria bacteria NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 15 protozoa protozoa NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 17 fungi fungi NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 19 produce produce VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 20 cellulase cellulase NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 24 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 26 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 27 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 29 cellulose cellulose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 31 plants plant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 197 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 4 Perissodactyls Perissodactyls NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 7 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 10 ruminants ruminant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 12 store store VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 13 digested digest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 14 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 17 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 19 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 22 enlarged enlarge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 23 cecum cecum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 25 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 28 fermented ferment VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 30 bacteria bacteria NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 198 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 4 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 7 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 8 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 9 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 11 digest digest VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 12 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 13 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 16 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 19 elaborate elaborate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 20 digestive digestive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 21 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 23 herbivorous herbivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 24 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 28 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 30 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 31 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 32 tough tough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 34 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 35 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 36 fibers fiber NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 199 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 2 caecum caecum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 4 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 5 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 7 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 9 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 13 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 14 intestine intestine NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 17 sacculated sacculate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 19 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 20 wider wide JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 23 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 24 intestine intestine NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 200 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 4 Bovine Bovine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 5 kidney kidney NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 7 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 8 excretory excretory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 9 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 10 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 12 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 201 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 4 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 5 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 9 ureotelic ureotelic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 12 convert convert VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 13 ammonia ammonia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 15 urea urea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 19 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 22 liver liver NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 24 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 27 urea urea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 28 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 202 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 4 Bilirubin Bilirubin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 7 waste waste NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 8 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 9 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 11 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 12 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 15 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 16 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 17 bile bile NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 19 urine urine NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 22 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 24 enzymes enzyme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 25 excreted excrete VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 28 liver liver NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 203 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 5 passing passing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 7 bilirubin bilirubin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 8 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 9 bile bile NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 12 intestinal intestinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 13 tract tract NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 14 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 15 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 16 feces fece VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 18 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 19 brown brown JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 20 coloration coloration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 204 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 4 Distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 5 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 8 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 9 kidney kidney NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 10 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 12 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 15 renal renal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 16 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 18 renal renal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 19 pyramids pyramid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 24 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 25 distinguishable distinguishable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 26 cortex cortex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 28 medulla medulla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 32 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 35 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 37 elongated elongated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 38 loops loop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 40 Henle Henle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 205 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 3 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 4 kidney kidney NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 7 bean bean NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 8 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 10 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 11 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 14 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 19 multilobed multilobe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 20 reniculate reniculate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 21 kidneys kidney NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 23 pinnipeds pinniped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 25 cetaceans cetacean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 27 bears bear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 206 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 2 93][94 93][94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 5 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 6 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 10 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 11 trace trace NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 14 cloaca cloaca NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 207 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 3 embryo embryo NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 6 embryonic embryonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 7 cloaca cloaca NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 8 divides divide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 11 posterior posterior NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 12 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 14 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 15 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 18 anus anus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 22 anterior anterior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 23 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 27 fates fate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 28 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 31 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 34 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 35 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 37 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 40 develops develop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 41 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 43 vestibule vestibule NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 44 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 45 receives receive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 47 urethra urethra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 49 vagina vagina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 51 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 53 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 54 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 55 forms form VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 57 entirety entirety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 60 penile penile NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 61 urethra urethra NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 208 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 7 tenrecs tenrecs JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 9 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 10 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 14 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 15 retain retain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 17 cloaca cloaca NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 19 adults adult NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 209 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 5 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 8 genital genital JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 9 tract tract NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 11 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 14 anus anus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 18 trace trace NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 21 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 22 cloaca cloaca NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 23 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 24 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 25 externally externally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 210 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 4 Monotremes Monotremes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 7 translates translate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 9 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 12 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 13 hole hole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 16 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 18 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 19 cloaca cloaca NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 211 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 4 Sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 5 production[edit production[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 8 diagram diagram NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 10 ultrasonic ultrasonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 11 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 12 emitted emit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 15 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 19 echo echo NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 22 nearby nearby JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 23 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 24 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 26 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 28 tetrapods tetrapod NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 30 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 31 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 33 larynx larynx NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 34 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 35 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 36 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 37 open open VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 39 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 41 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 42 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 46 supralaryngeal supralaryngeal RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 47 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 48 tract tract NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 49 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 50 filters filter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 51 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 52 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 212 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 2 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 4 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 5 musculature musculature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 6 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 8 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 9 stream stream NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 11 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 12 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 14 phonate phonate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 213 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 2 larynx larynx NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 3 controls control VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 5 pitch pitch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 7 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 9 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 13 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 15 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 16 exert exert VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 18 exhale exhale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 20 contributes contribute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 22 volume volume VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 214 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 1 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 2 primitive primitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 3 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 8 echidna echidna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 12 hiss hiss VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 15 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 17 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 18 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 20 exhaling exhale VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 23 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 24 closed close VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 25 larynx larynx NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 215 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 3 phonate phonate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 4 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 5 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 6 folds fold NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 9 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 12 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 13 cords cord NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 16 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 18 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 216 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 2 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 4 tenseness tenseness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 7 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 8 folds fold NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 10 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 13 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 16 purring purring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 18 screaming screaming NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 217 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 3 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 5 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 8 larynx larynx NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 10 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 11 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 13 breathe breathe VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 16 nose nose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 18 swallowing swallow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 21 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 25 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 26 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 27 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 29 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 30 sounds sound VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 32 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 33 sounds sound VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 35 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 38 dog dog NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 39 whine whine NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 41 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 42 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 43 soft soft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 44 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 47 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 48 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 50 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 53 dog dog NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 54 bark bark NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 56 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 57 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 58 loud loud JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 218 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 4 Beluga Beluga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 5 whale whale JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 6 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 7 sounds sound VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 8 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 12 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 13 larynx larynx NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 15 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 17 low low RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 19 pitched pitch VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 20 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 22 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 24 hammer hammer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 26 headed head VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 27 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 29 Hypsignathus Hypsignathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 30 monstrosus monstrosus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 32 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 34 larynx larynx NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 35 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 36 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 37 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 39 entirety entirety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 42 thoracic thoracic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 43 cavity cavity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 44 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 45 pushing push VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 47 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 49 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 52 trachea trachea VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 53 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 55 abdomen abdomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 219 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 4 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 5 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 6 pads pad NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 9 lower lower VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 11 pitch pitch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 16 low low RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 18 pitched pitched JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 19 roars roar NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 21 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 22 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 220 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 5 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 7 infrasound infrasound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 9 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 12 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 16 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 17 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 19 Loxodonta Loxodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 20 spp spp NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 221 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 222 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 222 2 baleen baleen NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 222 3 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 222 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 2 100][101 100][101 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 4 Small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 8 larynxes larynx NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 11 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 13 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 14 ultrasound ultrasound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 19 detected detect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 21 modifications modification NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 24 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 25 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 27 cochlea cochlea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 223 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 1 Ultrasound Ultrasound NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 3 inaudible inaudible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 5 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 7 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 10 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 13 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 14 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 16 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 19 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 21 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 24 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 25 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 224 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 2 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 3 channel channel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 8 rodents rodent NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 9 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 12 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 14 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 18 pup pup NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 19 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 23 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 24 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 25 echolocating echolocate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 225 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 1 Toothed toothed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 2 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 4 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 5 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 10 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 13 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 14 membrane membrane NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 16 extends extend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 17 upward upward RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 20 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 21 folds fold NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 26 melon melon NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 28 manipulate manipulate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 29 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 226 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 4 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 6 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 9 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 10 sacs sacs NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 11 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 14 larynx larynx NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 18 function function VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 20 lower lower VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 22 resonances resonance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 24 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 26 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 28 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 227 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 5 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 6 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 7 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 9 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 12 cranial cranial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 13 nerve nerve NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 14 nuclei nucleus NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 17 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 20 supplied supply VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 23 recurrent recurrent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 24 laryngeal laryngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 25 nerve nerve NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 28 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 29 laryngeal laryngeal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 30 nerve nerve NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 32 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 35 vagus vagus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 36 nerve nerve NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 228 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 2 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 3 tract tract NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 5 supplied supply VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 8 hypoglossal hypoglossal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 9 nerve nerve NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 11 facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 12 nerves nerve NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 229 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 1 Electrical electrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 2 stimulation stimulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 5 periaqueductal periaqueductal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 6 gray gray NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 8 PEG PEG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 10 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 13 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 14 midbrain midbrain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 15 elicit elicit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 16 vocalizations vocalization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 230 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 2 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 4 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 6 vocalizations vocalization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 8 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 9 exemplified exemplify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 11 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 13 seals seal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 15 cetaceans cetacean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 17 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 19 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 20 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 23 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 28 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 31 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 32 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 33 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 35 motor motor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 36 cortex cortex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 39 controls control VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 40 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 44 motor motor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 45 neurons neuron NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 48 spinal spinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 49 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 231 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 4 Fur[edit fur[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 9 Fur Fur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 10 Porcupines porcupine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 11 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 13 spines spine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 15 defense defense NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 232 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 2 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 3 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 6 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 10 thermoregulation thermoregulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 233 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 1 Others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 3 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 5 sensory sensory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 6 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 8 waterproofing waterproof VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 11 camouflage camouflage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 234 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 2 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 4 Different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 5 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 7 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 8 serve serve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 9 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 10 purposes:[83]:99 purposes:[83]:99 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 11 Definitive Definitive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 16 shed shed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 18 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 20 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 21 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 22 Vibrissae Vibrissae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 24 sensory sensory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 25 hairs hair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 27 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 28 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 29 whiskers whisker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 30 Pelage pelage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 31 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 32 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 33 hairs hair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 35 under under JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 37 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 40 awn awn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 41 hair hair NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 42 Spines Spines NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 43 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 44 stiff stiff JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 45 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 46 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 47 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 48 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 49 defense defense NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 51 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 52 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 54 porcupines porcupine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 55 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 56 Bristles bristle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 57 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 58 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 59 hairs hair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 60 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 61 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 63 visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 64 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 235 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 5 lion lion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 7 mane mane NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 9 Velli Velli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 14 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 15 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 18 insulates insulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 19 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 20 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 21 Wool Wool NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 23 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 25 soft soft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 27 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 28 curly curly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 29 Thermoregulation[edit Thermoregulation[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 31 Hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 32 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 36 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 38 thermoregulation thermoregulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 41 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 43 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 44 tropical tropical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 45 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 46 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 48 sloths sloth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 49 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 51 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 52 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 54 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 55 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 56 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 57 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 58 arctic arctic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 59 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 60 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 61 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 62 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 63 insulation insulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 64 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 67 conversely conversely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 69 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 70 tropical tropical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 71 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 72 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 73 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 74 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 75 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 77 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 78 insulating insulating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 79 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 80 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 81 arctic arctic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 82 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 236 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 2 denseness denseness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 4 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 6 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 8 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 10 insulation insulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 11 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 14 arctic arctic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 15 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 16 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 18 dense dense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 19 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 22 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 25 musk musk JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 26 ox ox NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 27 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 28 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 29 hairs hair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 30 measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 31 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 33 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 35 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 36   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 39 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 40 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 43 dense dense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 44 underfur underfur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 47 forms form VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 48 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 49 airtight airtight JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 50 coat coat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 52 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 53 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 55 survive survive VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 57 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 59 −40 −40 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 60   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 61 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 62 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 64 −40 −40 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 65   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 66 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 67 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 68 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 237 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 2 83]:162–163 83]:162–163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 3 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 4 desert desert NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 9 camels camel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 11 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 12 dense dense JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 13 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 15 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 16 solar solar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 17 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 19 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 21 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 23 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 25 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 27 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 28 cool cool JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 31 camel camel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 33 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 34 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 35 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 36 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 37   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 38 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 39 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 41 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 42   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 43 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 44 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 48 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 50 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 52 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 53 stays stay VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 54 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 55 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 56   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 57 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 58 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 60 104 104 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 61   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 62 ° ° NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 63 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 238 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 2 83]:188 83]:188 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 3 Aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 4 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 6 conversely conversely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 8 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 9 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 12 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 14 conserve conserve VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 15 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 17 keeping keep VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 19 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 20 dry dry JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 239 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 2 83]:162–163 83]:162–163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 4 leopard leopard NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 6 disruptively disruptively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 7 colored color VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 8 coat coat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 9 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 10 camouflage camouflage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 13 ambush ambush NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 14 predator predator NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 240 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 1 Coloration[edit coloration[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 3 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 4 coats coat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 6 colored color VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 9 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 11 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 15 selective selective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 16 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 18 camouflage camouflage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 20 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 21 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 23 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 26 thermoregulation thermoregulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 241 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 1 Coloration coloration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 3 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 5 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 7 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 11 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 12 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 15 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 17 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 19 melanin melanin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 21 eumelanins eumelanin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 23 brown brown JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 25 black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 26 colors color NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 28 pheomelanin pheomelanin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 31 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 33 yellowish yellowish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 35 reddish reddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 36 colors color NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 38 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 39 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 40 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 41 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 42 tone tone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 242 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 2 103][104 103][104 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 7 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 9 mandrill mandrill NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 13 vibrant vibrant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 14 colors color NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 15 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 17 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 18 coloration coloration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 243 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 2 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 5 sloths sloth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 6 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 7 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 8 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 10 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 11 hosts host NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 12 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 13 algae algae NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 19 symbiotic symbiotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 20 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 22 affords afford VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 23 camouflage camouflage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 26 sloths sloth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 244 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 2 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 4 Camouflage camouflage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 7 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 8 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 11 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 12 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 14 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 18 helps help VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 20 conceal conceal VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 21 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 23 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 25 prey prey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 245 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 2 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 5 arctic arctic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 7 subarctic subarctic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 12 arctic arctic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 13 fox fox NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 15 Alopex Alopex NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 16 lagopus lagopus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 19 collared collar VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 20 lemming lemme VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 22 Dicrostonyx Dicrostonyx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 23 groenlandicus groenlandicus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 26 stoat stoat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 28 Mustela Mustela NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 29 erminea erminea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 33 snowshoe snowshoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 34 hare hare NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 36 Lepus Lepus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 37 americanus americanus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 40 seasonal seasonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 41 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 42 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 43 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 44 brown brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 46 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 48 white white NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 50 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 51 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 52 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 53 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 54 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 55 camouflage camouflage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 246 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 2 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 5 arboreal arboreal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 8 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 9 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 11 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 14 shades shade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 16 violet violet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 18 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 21 blue blue JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 22 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 24 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 27 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 29 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 30 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 31 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 32 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 35 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 36 arboreal arboreal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 37 habitat habitat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 38 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 40 convergent convergent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 41 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 247 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 2 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 4 Aposematism aposematism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 6 warning warn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 7 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 8 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 9 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 14 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 15 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 18 black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 22 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 23 pelage pelage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 25 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 26 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 29 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 31 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 32 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 34 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 38 foul foul RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 40 smelling smell VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 41 skunk skunk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 44 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 46 aggressive aggressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 47 honey honey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 48 badger badger NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 248 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 4 Coat Coat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 5 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 7 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 8 sexually sexually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 9 dimorphic dimorphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 14 primate primate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 15 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 249 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 4 Differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 6 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 8 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 9 coat coat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 10 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 12 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 13 nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 15 hormone hormone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 16 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 18 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 20 mate mate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 21 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 250 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 2 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 4 Coat coat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 5 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 7 influence influence VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 9 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 11 retain retain VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 12 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 14 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 16 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 17 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 18 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 20 reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 251 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 4 darker dark JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 5 colored colored JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 6 coat coat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 8 absorb absorb VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 10 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 12 solar solar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 13 radiation radiation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 16 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 17 warmer warm JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 21 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 22 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 26 voles vole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 28 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 29 darker dark JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 30 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 33 winter winter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 252 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 2 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 4 pigmentless pigmentless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 5 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 7 arctic arctic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 13 polar polar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 14 bear bear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 17 reflect reflect VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 19 solar solar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 20 radiation radiation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 21 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 22 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 24 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 253 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 2 83]:166–167[102 83]:166–167[102 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 5 dazzling dazzling JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 6 black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 10 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 11 striping striping NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 13 zebras zebra NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 14 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 16 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 18 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 20 biting bite VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 21 flies fly NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 254 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 2 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 4 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 5 system[edit system[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 10 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 11 reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 12 Goat Goat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 13 kids kid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 14 stay stay VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 17 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 18 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 21 weaned wean VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 255 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 2 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 3 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 6 penis penis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 9 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 11 urination urination NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 13 copulation copulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 256 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 1 Depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 4 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 7 erection erection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 10 fueled fuel VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 12 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 13 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 15 vascular vascular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 17 spongy spongy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 18 tissue tissue NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 21 muscular muscular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 22 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 257 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 2 penis penis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 5 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 8 prepuce prepuce NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 11 erect erect VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 15 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 19 penis penis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 20 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 22 baculum baculum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 258 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 2 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 4 Marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 5 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 7 forked fork VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 8 penises,[114 penises,[114 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 10 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 12 echidna echidna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 13 penis penis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 14 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 16 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 17 heads head NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 20 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 21 functioning functioning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 259 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 2 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 5 testes testis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 7 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 9 descend descend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 12 scrotum scrotum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 15 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 16 posterior posterior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 19 penis penis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 22 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 23 anterior anterior JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 25 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 260 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 1 Female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 6 clitoris clitoris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 8 labia labia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 9 majora majora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 11 labia labia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 12 minora minora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 15 outside outside NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 19 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 20 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 21 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 22 paired pair VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 23 oviducts oviduct NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 25 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 26 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 27 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 28 uteri uteri NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 30 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 31 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 32 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 33 cervices cervix NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 36 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 261 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 1 Marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 3 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 4 lateral lateral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 5 vaginas vagina NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 8 medial medial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 9 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 262 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 3 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 6 monotremes monotremes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 8 better better RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 9 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 13 urogenital urogenital JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 14 sinus sinus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 263 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 2 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 3 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 5 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 8 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 11 duplex duplex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 17 uteri uteri JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 19 cervices cervix NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 21 open open VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 24 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 27 bipartite bipartite NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 30 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 31 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 32 horns horn NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 33 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 35 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 36 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 38 connects connect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 41 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 44 bicornuate bicornuate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 47 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 48 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 49 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 50 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 51 horns horn NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 52 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 53 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 54 connected connect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 55 distally distally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 56 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 57 separate separate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 58 medially medially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 59 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 60 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 61 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 62 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 63 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 67 simplex simplex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 69 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 70 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 72 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 73 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 264 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 2 116][117][83]:220–221 116][117][83]:220–221 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 4 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 5 Matschie Matschie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 7 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 9 kangaroo kangaroo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 11 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 13 pouch pouch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 15 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 16 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 18 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 19 reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 22 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 24 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 25 undeveloped undeveloped JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 27 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 28 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 29 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 30 vivipary vivipary NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 33 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 34 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 36 soft soft JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 38 shelled shell VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 39 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 265 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 3 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 4 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 7 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 10 torso torso NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 11 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 13 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 14 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 17 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 19 epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 20 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 266 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 2 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 3 demonstration demonstration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 6 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 7 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 10 Kayentatherium Kayentatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 13 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 14 undeveloped undeveloped JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 15 perinates perinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 19 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 20 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 21 litter litter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 22 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 24 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 25 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 26 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 28 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 29 specimens specimen NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 267 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 2 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 8 viviparous viviparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 10 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 13 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 14 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 268 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 4 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 5 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 7 monotreme monotreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 10 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 13 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 14 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 16 echidna echidna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 18 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 19 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 269 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 2 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 5 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 6 determination determination NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 7 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 8 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 10 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 12 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 14 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 270 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 2 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 8 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 9 chromosomes chromosome NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 12 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 14 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 15 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 19 chicken chicken NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 21 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 24 therian therian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 25 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 271 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 2 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 4 Viviparous viviparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 9 subclass subclass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 10 Theria Theria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 12 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 13 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 14 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 18 marsupial marsupial NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 20 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 21 infraclasses infraclasse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 272 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 1 Marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 4 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 5 gestation gestation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 8 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 9 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 12 estrous estrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 13 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 15 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 16 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 19 undeveloped undeveloped JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 20 newborn newborn NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 22 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 23 undergoes undergo VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 24 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 25 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 28 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 29 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 31 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 32 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 33 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 34 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 36 pouch pouch JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 38 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 39 sac sac NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 42 marsupium marsupium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 44 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 47 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 50 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 51 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 52 abdomen abdomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 273 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 4 plesiomorphic plesiomorphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 5 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 6 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 7 viviparous viviparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 11 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 13 epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 14 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 16 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 17 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 19 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 20 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 21 prevents prevent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 23 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 26 torso torso NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 27 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 29 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 30 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 274 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 4 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 5 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 7 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 8 eutherians eutherian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 9 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 10 reproduced reproduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 12 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 275 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 2 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 5 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 6 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 7 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 9 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 10 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 12 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 13 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 15 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 16 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 17 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 18 gestation gestation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 19 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 276 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 5 get get VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 7 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 10 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 13 connects connect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 15 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 16 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 19 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 20 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 22 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 23 nutrient nutrient NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 24 uptake uptake NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 277 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 2 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 5 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 9 epipubic epipubic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 12 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 13 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 15 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 18 baculum baculum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 20 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 22 torso torso NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 25 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 27 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 29 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 30 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 31 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 32 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 278 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 2 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 5 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 6 glands gland NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 10 specialized specialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 12 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 13 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 16 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 17 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 19 nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 21 newborns newborn NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 279 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 2 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 3 branched branch VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 4 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 9 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 13 nipples nipple NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 16 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 17 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 21 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 22 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 23 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 24 glands gland NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 280 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 2 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 3 lick lick VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 5 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 8 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 9 patch patch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 12 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 14 belly belly NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 281 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 4 Compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 6 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 10 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 12 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 13 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 14 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 16 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 17 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 18 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 21 nutrient nutrient NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 22 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 24 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 27 underdeveloped underdeveloped JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 28 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 282 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 5 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 6 glands gland NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 8 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 9 autonomy autonomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 10 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 11 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 13 supply supply VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 14 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 15 milks milk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 17 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 19 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 20 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 21 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 283 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 2 125 125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 4 Lactose Lactose NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 7 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 8 sugar sugar NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 10 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 11 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 12 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 14 monotreme monotreme NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 16 marsupial marsupial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 17 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 19 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 21 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 284 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 2 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 4 Weaning wean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 7 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 11 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 12 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 13 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 14 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 17 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 19 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 21 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 23 solid solid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 24 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 285 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 2 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 4 Endothermy[edit endothermy[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 6 Nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 7 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 10 endothermic endothermic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 13 warm warm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 15 blooded blooded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 286 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 5 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 7 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 8 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 9 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 10 warm warm JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 287 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 2 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 4 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 6 forage forage VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 8 hunt hunt VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 10 weather weather NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 12 climates climate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 13 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 14 cold cold JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 16 ectothermic ectothermic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 19 cold cold JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 21 blooded blooded JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 24 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 26 insects insect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 288 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 1 Endothermy Endothermy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 2 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 3 plenty plenty NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 5 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 6 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 8 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 10 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 12 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 13 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 14 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 16 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 17 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 20 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 289 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 2 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 4 Small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 5 insectivorous insectivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 7 eat eat VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 8 prodigious prodigious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 9 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 12 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 290 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 2 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 3 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 6 naked naked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 7 mole mole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 9 rat rat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 10 produces produce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 11 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 12 metabolic metabolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 13 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 15 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 18 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 20 operational operational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 21 poikilotherm poikilotherm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 291 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 2 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 4 Birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 7 endothermic endothermic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 9 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 10 endothermy endothermy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 13 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 15 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 292 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 2 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 4 Species species FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 5 lifespan[edit lifespan[edit FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 7 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 10 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 11 expectancy expectancy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 13 Maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 15 span span NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 16 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 17 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 19 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 20 maximum maximum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 21 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 22 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 23 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 26 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 28 shrew shrew NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 31 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 33 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 34 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 36 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 38 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 39 bowhead bowhead JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 40 whale whale NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 42 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 45 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 46 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 293 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 2 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 6 underlying underlying JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 7 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 10 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 11 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 13 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 14 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 16 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 17 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 18 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 21 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 23 repair repair VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 24 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 25 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 28 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 29 determinant determinant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 31 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 32 lifespan lifespan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 294 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 3 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 4 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 6 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 8 Setlow,[132 Setlow,[132 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 12 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 14 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 15 excision excision NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 16 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 17 capability capability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 18 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 19 systematically systematically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 21 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 22 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 23 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 24 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 25 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 26 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 295 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 1 Species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 2 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 4 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 7 robustly robustly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 8 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 11 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 13 recognize recognize VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 14 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 15 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 17 strand strand NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 18 breaks break NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 19 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 20 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 23 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 26 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 27 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 28 protein protein NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 29 Ku80 Ku80 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 296 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 2 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 9 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 11 sixteen sixteen CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 12 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 13 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 15 genes gene NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 16 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 18 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 19 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 21 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 24 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 26 regulated regulated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 29 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 31 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 32 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 297 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 2 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 5 cellular cellular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 6 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 9 DNA DNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 10 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 11 enzyme enzyme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 12 poly poly VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 13 ADP ADP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 14 ribose ribose NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 15 polymerase polymerase NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 17 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 19 correlate correlate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 21 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 22 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 25 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 27 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 28 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 29 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 298 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 2 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 4 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 5 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 9 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 11 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 12 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 14 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 16 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 18 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 19 lifespan lifespan NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 21 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 22 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 23 capability capability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 299 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 2 135][136][137 135][136][137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 4 Locomotion[edit locomotion[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 9 Animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 10 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 11 Terrestrial[edit Terrestrial[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 13 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 14 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 16 Terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 17 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 18 Running Running NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 19 gait gait NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 300 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 301 1 Photographs photograph NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 301 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 301 3 Eadweard Eadweard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 301 4 Muybridge Muybridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 301 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 301 6 1887 1887 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 301 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 2 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 3 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 5 amphibians amphibians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 8 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 14 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 16 bears bear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 17 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 19 plantigrade plantigrade JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 21 walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 24 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 27 underside underside NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 30 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 302 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 6 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 8 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 11 digitigrade digitigrade JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 13 walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 16 toes toe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 19 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 20 stride stride NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 21 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 22 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 23 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 24 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 303 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 1 Digitigrade digitigrade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 6 adept adept JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 8 quiet quiet JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 9 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 304 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 2 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 5 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 8 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 10 unguligrade unguligrade JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 12 walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 15 tips tip NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 18 toes toe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 305 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 2 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 3 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 4 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 6 stride stride NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 7 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 9 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 11 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 306 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 2 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 8 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 10 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 11 apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 17 walk walk VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 20 knuckles knuckle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 23 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 26 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 27 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 307 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 1 Giant Giant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 2 anteaters[140 anteaters[140 . en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 5 platypuses[141 platypuses[141 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 9 knuckle knuckle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 11 walkers walker NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 308 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 4 bipeds biped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 6 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 9 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 11 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 16 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 20 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 22 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 25 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 26 apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 309 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 1 Bipedal bipedal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 2 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 5 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 6 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 8 vision vision NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 10 quadrupeds quadruped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 12 conserve conserve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 13 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 14 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 18 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 20 manipulate manipulate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 21 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 24 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 27 aids aid VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 29 foraging forage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 310 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 3 walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 6 bipeds biped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 7 hop hop NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 11 kangaroos kangaroos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 13 kangaroo kangaroo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 14 rats rats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 311 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 2 142][143 142][143 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 4 Animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 5 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 6 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 8 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 11 speeds speed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 13 terrain terrain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 15 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 312 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 4 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 5 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 6 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 7 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 8 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 11 slowest slow JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 12 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 13 gait gait NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 16 walk walk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 18 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 21 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 22 faster fast JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 23 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 27 slowest slow JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 29 fastest fast RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 33 trot trot NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 36 canter canter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 39 gallop gallop NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 313 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 1 Animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 5 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 6 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 10 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 15 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 16 sideways sideways RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 18 backwards backwards RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 314 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 7 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 9 bipedal bipedal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 10 walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 12 running running NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 16 employ employ VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 19 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 20 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 24 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 26 legged legged JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 27 crawl crawl NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 29 tight tight JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 30 spaces space NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 315 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 5 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 7 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 8 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 10 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 13 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 16 place place VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 18 lift lift VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 20 appendages appendage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 22 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 316 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 1 Gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 4 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 6 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 7 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 10 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 12 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 13 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 317 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 2 quadrupeds quadruped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 7 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 8 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 10 walking walking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 11 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 13 running run VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 14 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 16 leaping leap VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 17 gaits gait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 318 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 2 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 4 Walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 8 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 9 gait gait NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 11 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 13 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 17 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 19 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 20 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 21 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 24 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 26 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 27 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 28 legged legge VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 29 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 319 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 1 Running running NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 3 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 5 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 9 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 12 stride stride NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 14 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 16 off off IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 18 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 21 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 23 suspension suspension NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 320 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 4 Arboreal[edit Arboreal[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 9 Arboreal arboreal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 10 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 11 Gibbons gibbon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 13 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 14 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 15 brachiators brachiator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 18 elongated elongated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 19 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 20 enable enable VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 21 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 23 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 24 swing swing VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 26 grasp grasp VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 27 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 29 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 321 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 1 Arboreal arboreal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 2 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 3 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 5 elongated elongate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 6 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 8 help help VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 9 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 10 cross cross VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 11 gaps gap NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 13 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 14 fruit fruit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 17 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 19 test test VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 21 firmness firmness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 23 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 24 ahead ahead RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 29 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 32 brachiate brachiate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 34 swing swing VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 35 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 36 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 322 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 2 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 5 arboreal arboreal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 6 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 10 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 11 porcupines porcupine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 13 silky silky JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 14 anteaters anteater NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 16 spider spider NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 17 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 20 possums possum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 22 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 23 prehensile prehensile NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 24 tails tail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 26 grasp grasp VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 27 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 323 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 3 spider spider NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 4 monkey monkey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 7 tip tip NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 10 tail tail NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 12 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 14 bare bare JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 15 patch patch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 17 adhesive adhesive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 18 pad pad NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 21 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 22 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 23 friction friction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 324 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 1 Claws claws NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 6 interact interact VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 8 rough rough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 9 substrates substrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 11 reorient reorient VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 13 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 15 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 17 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 18 applies apply VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 325 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 3 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 4 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 5 squirrels squirrel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 7 climb climb VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 8 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 9 trunks trunk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 12 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 13 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 16 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 17 flat flat JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 20 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 22 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 24 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 25 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 326 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 3 claws claws NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 5 interfere interfere VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 8 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 10 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 12 grasp grasp VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 13 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 14 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 15 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 19 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 20 wrap wrap VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 21 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 22 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 23 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 25 prick prick VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 27 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 29 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 30 paw paw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 327 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 1 Frictional frictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 2 gripping gripping NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 6 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 8 relying rely VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 9 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 10 hairless hairless NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 11 fingertips fingertip NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 328 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 1 Squeezing squeeze VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 3 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 6 fingertips fingertip NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 7 generates generate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 8 frictional frictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 9 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 11 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 13 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 15 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 18 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 329 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 4 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 6 grip grip NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 7 depends depend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 8 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 10 angle angle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 13 frictional frictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 14 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 16 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 17 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 19 diameter diameter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 22 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 25 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 26 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 27 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 29 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 30 gripping grip VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 31 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 330 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 2 control control VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 3 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 5 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 6 down down IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 7 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 8 diameter diameter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 9 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 12 arboreal arboreal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 13 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 16 squirrels squirrel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 18 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 19 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 20 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 21 ankle ankle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 22 joints joint NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 24 permit permit VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 25 rotating rotate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 27 foot foot NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 30 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 31 reversed reversed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 32 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 33 posture posture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 331 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 2 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 4 claws claws NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 6 hook hook VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 9 rough rough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 10 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 13 bark bark NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 15 opposing oppose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 17 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 19 gravity gravity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 332 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 1 Small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 2 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 3 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 5 advantages advantage NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 7 arboreal arboreal VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 8 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 12 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 14 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 15 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 17 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 20 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 22 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 23 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 25 mass mass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 27 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 28 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 30 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 31 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 33 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 34 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 36 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 37 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 41 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 43 move move VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 44 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 45 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 46 cluttered cluttered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 47 habitat habitat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 333 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 2 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 4 Size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 5 relating relate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 7 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 8 affects affect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 9 gliding glide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 10 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 14 sugar sugar NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 15 glider glider NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 334 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 2 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 5 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 7 primate primate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 9 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 12 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 14 sloth sloth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 15 achieve achieve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 16 passive passive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 17 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 19 hanging hang VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 20 beneath beneath IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 22 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 335 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 2 pitching pitch VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 4 tipping tipping NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 5 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 6 irrelevant irrelevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 10 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 11 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 13 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 14 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 16 losing lose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 18 grip grip NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 336 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 2 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 4 Aerial[edit aerial[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 9 Aerial aerial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 10 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 11 Play play NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 12 media media NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 13 Slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 15 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 17 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 18 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 20 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 21 fruit fruit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 22 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 23 flying fly VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 24 Bats Bats NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 27 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 28 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 30 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 31 truly truly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 32 fly fly VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 337 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 2 fly fly VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 3 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 5 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 8 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 9 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 11 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 13 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 14 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 16 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 18 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 21 fore fore JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 23 aft aft NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 24 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 338 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 3 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 6 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 11 airflow airflow JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 12 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 15 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 18 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 21 velocity velocity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 24 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 26 generates generate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 28 faster fast JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 29 airflow airflow NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 30 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 31 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 33 wing wing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 339 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 2 generates generate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 4 lift lift NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 5 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 6 vector vector NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 7 pointing pointing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 8 forwards forward NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 10 upwards upward NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 14 drag drag NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 15 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 16 vector vector NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 17 pointing pointing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 18 rearwards rearward NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 20 upwards upward NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 340 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 2 upwards upwards JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 3 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 6 counteract counteract JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 7 gravity gravity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 9 keeping keep VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 11 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 14 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 16 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 18 forward forward JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 19 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 20 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 21 thrust thrust VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 23 counteract counteract VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 24 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 26 drag drag NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 29 wing wing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 33 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 36 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 341 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 2 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 5 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 7 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 9 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 10 thinner thin JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 12 consist consist VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 14 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 15 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 17 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 19 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 21 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 22 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 24 maneuver maneuver VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 26 accurately accurately RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 28 fly fly VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 30 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 31 lift lift NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 33 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 34 drag drag NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 342 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 2 149][150 149][150 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 5 folding fold VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 7 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 8 inwards inward NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 9 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 11 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 14 upstroke upstroke NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 17 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 18 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 19 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 20 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 21 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 22 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 23 flight flight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 25 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 343 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 2 151 151 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 5 membranes membrane NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 7 delicate delicate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 9 ripping rip VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 10 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 15 tissue tissue NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 18 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 20 membrane membrane NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 22 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 24 regrow regrow VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 28 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 29 tears tear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 30 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 31 heal heal VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 32 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 344 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 2 152 152 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 5 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 8 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 10 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 12 touch touch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 14 sensitive sensitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 15 receptors receptor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 17 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 18 bumps bump NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 19 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 20 Merkel Merkel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 21 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 24 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 26 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 27 fingertips fingertip NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 345 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 2 sensitive sensitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 3 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 5 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 7 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 11 bump bump NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 14 tiny tiny JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 15 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 18 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 20 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 22 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 23 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 24 sensitive sensitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 26 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 28 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 30 detect detect VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 32 collect collect VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 33 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 34 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 36 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 37 flowing flow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 38 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 39 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 40 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 44 fly fly VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 45 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 46 efficiently efficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 48 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 50 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 52 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 53 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 55 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 346 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 2 153 153 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 4 Fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 6 subterranean[edit subterranean[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 8 Semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 10 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 11 wombat wombat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 13 left left RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 15 vs. vs. FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 16 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 17 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 18 eastern eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 19 mole mole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 21 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 23 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 24 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 26 Fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 28 Burrow burrow VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 29 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 30 fossorial fossorial NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 33 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 34 fossor fossor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 36 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 38 digger digger NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 42 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 43 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 44 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 46 digging dig VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 47 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 48 lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 49 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 51 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 52 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 53 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 55 underground underground RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 347 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 2 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 4 badgers badger NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 7 naked naked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 8 mole mole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 10 rats rat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 348 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 2 rodent rodent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 3 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 6 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 7 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 8 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 10 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 12 burrows burrow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 14 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 17 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 20 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 349 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 1 Species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 2 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 3 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 4 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 5 underground underground RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 7 subterranean subterranean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 10 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 12 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 13 adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 16 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 17 lifestyle lifestyle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 18 sub sub NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 19 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 20 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 350 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 2 organisms organism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 4 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 6 aid aid VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 8 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 9 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 10 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 11 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 12 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 14 underground underground JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 15 habitat habitat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 17 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 19 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 22 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 23 storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 351 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 2 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 4 Fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 8 fusiform fusiform NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 9 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 11 thickest thickest IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 14 shoulders shoulder NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 16 tapering taper VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 17 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 20 tail tail NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 22 nose nose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 352 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 1 Unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 3 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 6 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 7 burrows burrow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 11 degenerated degenerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 12 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 15 degeneration degeneration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 16 varies varie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 18 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 20 pocket pocket NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 21 gophers gopher NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 24 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 27 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 28 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 29 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 30 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 32 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 33 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 34 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 35 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 36 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 37 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 41 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 42 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 43 marsupial marsupial NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 44 mole mole VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 46 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 47 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 48 degenerated degenerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 50 useless useless JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 52 talpa talpa JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 53 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 54 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 55 vestigial vestigial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 56 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 59 cape cape NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 60 golden golden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 61 mole mole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 62 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 63 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 64 layer layer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 66 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 67 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 69 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 353 70 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 2 ears ear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 3 flaps flap NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 6 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 9 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 354 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 1 Truly truly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 2 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 3 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 5 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 7 stout stout JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 8 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 10 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 13 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 15 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 18 burrowing burrowing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 19 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 22 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 23 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 24 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 25 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 27 cursorial cursorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 28 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 355 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 2 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 3 paws paw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 5 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 8 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 9 claws claw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 11 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 13 loosening loosen VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 14 dirt dirt NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 16 excavating excavating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 17 burrows burrow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 21 back back JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 22 paws paw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 24 webbing web VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 26 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 27 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 29 claws claws NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 32 aids aid VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 34 throwing throw VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 35 loosened loosen VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 36 dirt dirt NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 37 backwards backwards RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 356 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 3 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 4 incisors incisor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 6 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 7 dirt dirt NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 9 flying fly VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 12 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 357 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 2 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 5 fossorial fossorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 9 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 11 hedgehogs hedgehog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 14 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 16 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 17 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 19 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 20 obsolete obsolete JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 21 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 22 Insectivora Insectivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 358 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 2 156 156 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 4 Aquatic[edit aquatic[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 7 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 9 Aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 10 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 12 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 13 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 16 Aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 17 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 18 Play play NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 19 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 20 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 21 pod pod NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 23 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 25 beaked beaked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 26 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 27 dolphins dolphin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 28 swimming swim VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 29 Fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 30 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 31 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 34 cetaceans cetaceans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 36 sirenians sirenian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 38 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 39 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 40 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 41 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 43 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 45 tail tail NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 46 fin fin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 48 propel propel VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 49 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 50 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 52 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 359 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 360 1 Flipper flipper NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 360 2 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 360 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 360 4 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 360 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 1 Whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 2 swim swim VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 4 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 6 tail tail NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 7 fin fin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 9 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 10 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 11 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 13 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 15 propelling propel VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 16 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 18 vertical vertical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 19 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 21 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 23 flippers flipper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 25 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 28 steering steer VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 361 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 2 skeletal skeletal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 3 anatomy anatomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 4 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 5 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 8 fast fast JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 9 swimmers swimmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 362 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 2 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 5 dorsal dorsal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 6 fin fin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 8 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 9 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 11 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 12 upside upside NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 14 down down NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 17 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 363 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 2 157][158 157][158 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 5 flukes fluke NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 7 sirenians sirenian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 9 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 10 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 12 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 14 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 15 strokes stroke NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 17 move move VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 19 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 20 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 23 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 25 twisted twist VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 27 turn turn VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 364 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 2 forelimbs forelimb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 4 paddle paddle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 6 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 7 flippers flipper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 9 aid aid VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 11 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 13 slowing slowing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 365 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 4 Semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 6 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 9 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 10 pinnipeds pinniped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 14 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 16 flippers flipper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 19 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 21 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 24 fore fore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 26 flippers flipper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 28 hind hind NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 30 flippers flipper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 366 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 2 elbows elbow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 4 ankles ankle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 6 enclosed enclose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 7 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 9 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 367 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 2 160][161 160][161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 4 Pinnipeds pinniped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 7 adaptions adaption NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 9 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 10 drag drag NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 368 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 4 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 5 streamlined streamlined JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 6 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 10 smooth smooth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 11 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 13 muscle muscle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 14 bundles bundle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 17 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 19 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 20 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 21 laminar laminar NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 22 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 24 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 26 easier easy JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 28 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 30 slip slip VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 31 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 32 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 369 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 3 lack lack VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 4 arrector arrector NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 5 pili pili NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 7 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 9 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 12 streamlined streamline VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 15 swim swim VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 370 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 2 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 5 rely rely VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 8 fore fore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 10 flippers flipper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 12 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 15 wing wing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 17 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 18 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 19 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 21 penguins penguin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 23 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 24 turtles turtle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 371 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 2 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 4 Fore Fore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 6 flipper flipper NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 7 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 10 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 14 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 15 glides glide NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 17 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 18 stroke stroke NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 372 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 2 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 4 Compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 6 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 7 carnivorans carnivoran NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 10 fore fore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 12 limbs limb NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 14 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 16 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 19 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 21 locomotor locomotor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 22 muscles muscle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 25 shoulder shoulder NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 27 elbow elbow VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 28 joints joint NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 29 greater greater RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 30 mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 31 advantage;[160 advantage;[160 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 34 hind hind NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 36 flippers flipper NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 37 serve serve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 39 stabilizers stabilizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 373 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 2 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 5 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 7 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 9 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 10 beavers beaver NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 12 hippopotamuses hippopotamus NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 14 otters otter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 16 platypuses platypus NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 374 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 2 164 164 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 4 Hippos Hippos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 6 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 7 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 8 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 10 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 15 barrel barrel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 17 shaped shape VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 18 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 19 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 20 graviportal graviportal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 21 skeletal skeletal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 22 structures,[165 structures,[165 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 24 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 26 carrying carry VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 28 enormous enormous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 29 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 32 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 33 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 34 gravity gravity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 35 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 36 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 38 sink sink VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 40 move move VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 41 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 43 bottom bottom NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 46 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 375 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 2 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 4 Behavior[edit Behavior[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 6 Communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 8 vocalization[edit vocalization[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 10 Vervet Vervet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 11 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 12 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 13 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 14 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 15 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 16 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 17 alarm alarm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 18 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 20 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 21 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 376 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 2 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 4 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 5 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 7 Animal animal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 8 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 10 Animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 11 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 12 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 13 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 14 communicate communicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 16 vocalizing vocalize VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 377 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 1 Vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 2 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 3 serves serve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 5 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 7 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 9 mating mate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 10 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 13 warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 14 calls,[168 calls,[168 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 17 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 18 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 19 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 23 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 24 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 378 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 1 Males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 2 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 3 call call VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 4 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 5 mating mate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 6 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 8 ward ward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 9 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 11 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 14 attract attract VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 15 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 20 roaring roaring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 22 lions lion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 24 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 25 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 379 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 2 169 169 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 5 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 8 humpback humpback NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 9 whale whale NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 12 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 14 females;[170 females;[170 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 18 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 19 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 21 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 22 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 25 ocean ocean NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 380 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 2 171 171 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 4 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 5 vocalizations vocalization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 8 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 9 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 11 gibbons gibbon NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 15 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 17 frequency frequency NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 19 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 20 spear spear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 22 nosed nose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 23 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 25 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 27 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 381 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 2 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 5 vervet vervet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 6 monkey monkey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 7 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 9 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 10 alarm alarm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 11 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 13 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 16 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 17 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 18 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 19 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 23 reactions reaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 26 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 27 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 28 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 31 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 382 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 4 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 6 alarm alarm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 7 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 8 signals signal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 10 python python NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 13 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 14 climb climb VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 17 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 19 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 21 eagle eagle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 22 alarm alarm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 23 causes cause VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 24 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 26 seek seek VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 28 hiding hiding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 29 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 32 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 383 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 2 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 4 Prairie Prairie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 5 dogs dog VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 6 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 8 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 9 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 11 signal signal VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 13 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 15 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 18 speed speed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 21 approaching approach VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 22 predator predator NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 384 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 2 173 173 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 4 Elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 5 communicate communicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 6 socially socially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 9 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 11 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 13 snorting snort VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 15 screaming screaming NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 17 trumpeting trumpet VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 19 roaring roaring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 21 rumbling rumble VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 385 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 4 rumbling rumbling NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 5 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 7 infrasonic infrasonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 9 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 11 hearing hearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 12 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 14 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 19 heard hear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 22 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 23 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 25 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 26 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 28 9.7 9.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 30 km km NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 32 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 34 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 35 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 36 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 37 sunrise sunrise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 39 sunset sunset NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 386 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 2 174 174 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 4 Orca Orca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 5 calling call VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 6 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 7 occasional occasional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 8 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 9 clicks click VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 10 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 11 signal signal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 14 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 16 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 387 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 2 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 3 visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 4 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 6 predator predator JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 7 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 11 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 13 gazelle gazelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 14 stot stot NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 16 honestly honestly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 17 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 19 fit fit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 20 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 23 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 25 escape,[175][176 escape,[175][176 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 28 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 29 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 31 tailed tailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 32 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 34 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 35 prey prey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 36 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 37 flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 39 conspicuous conspicuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 40 tail tail NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 41 markings marking NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 42 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 43 alarmed alarm VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 45 informing inform VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 47 predator predator NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 48 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 49 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 50 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 51 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 52 detected detect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 388 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 2 177 177 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 6 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 9 scent scent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 11 marking marking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 13 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 14 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 16 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 17 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 18 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 21 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 24 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 26 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 27 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 28 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 30 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 31 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 389 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 2 178][179][180 178][179][180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 4 Microbats microbat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 6 toothed toothed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 7 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 8 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 9 oceanic oceanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 10 dolphins dolphin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 11 vocalize vocalize VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 12 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 13 socially socially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 16 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 390 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 2 181][182][183 181][182][183 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 4 Feeding[edit Feeding[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 6 Play play VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 7 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 9 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 11 beaked beaked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 12 echidna echidna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 13 foraging forage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 15 insects insect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 391 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 2 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 4 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 5 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 6 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 7 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 9 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 10 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 11 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 12 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 13 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 14 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 16 nutritious nutritious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 18 plentiful plentiful JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 19 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 392 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 3 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 4 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 6 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 7 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 9 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 10 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 13 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 15 meet meet VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 17 dietary dietary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 18 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 21 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 23 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 393 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 2 eat eat VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 4 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 9 carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 10 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 13 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 14 insectivorous insectivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 15 diets diet NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 394 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 5 herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 7 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 8 plants plant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 11 contain contain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 12 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 13 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 16 cellulose cellulose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 395 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 2 herbivorous herbivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 3 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 4 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 5 subtypes subtype NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 8 granivory granivory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 10 seed seed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 11 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 14 folivory folivory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 16 leaf leaf NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 17 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 20 frugivory frugivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 22 fruit fruit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 23 eating eating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 26 nectarivory nectarivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 28 nectar nectar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 29 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 32 gummivory gummivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 34 gum gum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 35 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 38 mycophagy mycophagy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 40 fungus fungus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 41 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 396 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 2 digestive digestive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 3 tract tract NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 6 herbivore herbivore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 8 host host NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 10 bacteria bacteria NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 12 ferment ferment VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 14 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 15 substances substance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 18 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 19 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 20 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 22 digestion digestion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 26 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 27 housed house VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 30 multichambered multichambered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 31 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 35 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 36 cecum cecum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 397 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 7 coprophagous coprophagous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 9 consuming consume VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 10 feces fece NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 12 absorb absorb VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 14 nutrients nutrient NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 16 digested digest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 17 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 19 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 21 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 22 ingested ingest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 398 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 2 83]:131–137 83]:131–137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 3 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 4 omnivore omnivore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 5 eats eat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 6 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 7 prey prey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 9 plants plant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 399 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 1 Carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 5 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 6 digestive digestive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 7 tract tract NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 8 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 10 proteins protein NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 12 lipids lipid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 14 minerals mineral NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 15 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 17 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 18 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 19 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 22 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 24 specialized specialized JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 25 digestion digestion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 400 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 1 Exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 4 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 5 baleen baleen NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 6 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 9 house house VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 10 gut gut NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 11 flora flora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 14 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 16 chambered chambered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 17 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 19 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 20 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 21 herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 401 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 2 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 5 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 8 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 12 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 14 determining determine VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 15 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 16 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 18 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 20 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 402 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 2 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 3 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 6 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 7 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 9 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 11 losing lose VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 12 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 13 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 15 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 17 generating generate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 18 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 21 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 23 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 24 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 25 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 26 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 29 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 30 metabolic metabolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 31 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 403 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 2 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 3 weigh weigh VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 4 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 5 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 6 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 7 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 8 ounces ounce NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 10 510 510 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 12 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 14 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 16 lb lb XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 19 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 20 insectivorous insectivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 21 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 23 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 25 tolerate tolerate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 27 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 29 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 30 digestive digestive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 31 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 34 herbivore herbivore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 404 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 1 Larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 2 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 7 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 9 generate generate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 11 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 13 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 16 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 18 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 405 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 3 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 4 tolerate tolerate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 5 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 7 slower slow JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 8 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 9 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 11 carnivores carnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 13 feed feed VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 15 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 16 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 20 slower slow JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 21 digestive digestive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 22 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 24 herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 406 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 2 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 4 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 8 weigh weigh VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 11 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 12 ounces ounce NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 14 510 510 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 16 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 18 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 20 lb lb IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 22 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 23 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 25 collect collect VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 26 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 27 insects insect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 28 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 30 waking waking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 31 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 33 sustain sustain VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 34 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 407 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 2 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 3 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 4 insectivorous insectivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 7 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 9 feed feed VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 11 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 12 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 14 insects insect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 16 ants ant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 18 termites termite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 408 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 2 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 5 hypocarnivorous hypocarnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 7 black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 8 bear bear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 10 Ursus Ursus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 11 americanus americanus IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 13 vs. vs. FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 15 hypercarnivorous hypercarnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 16 polar polar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 17 bear bear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 19 Ursus Ursus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 20 maritimus)[187 maritimus)[187 FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 22 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 23 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 25 omnivores omnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 27 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 28 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 29 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 31 carnivory carnivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 33 herbivory herbivory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 35 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 36 leaning lean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 38 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 40 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 41 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 42 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 44 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 409 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 2 plants plant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 4 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 6 digested digest VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 7 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 12 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 15 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 21 bears bear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 22 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 24 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 27 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 28 carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 30 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 31 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 32 herbivorous herbivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 410 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 2 188 188 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 6 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 9 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 11 mesocarnivory mesocarnivory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 13 50–70 50–70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 15 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 18 hypercarnivory hypercarnivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 20 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 21 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 23 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 25 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 29 hypocarnivory hypocarnivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 31 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 32 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 34 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 36 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 411 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 2 dentition dentition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 4 hypocarnivores hypocarnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 5 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 7 dull dull JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 9 triangular triangular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 10 carnassial carnassial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 11 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 12 meant mean VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 14 grinding grind VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 15 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 412 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 1 Hypercarnivores hypercarnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 3 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 6 conical conical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 7 teeth tooth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 9 sharp sharp JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 10 carnassials carnassial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 11 meant mean VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 13 slashing slash VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 18 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 19 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 20 jaws jaw NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 22 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 24 crushing crushing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 29 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 31 hyenas hyena NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 33 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 34 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 36 consume consume VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 37 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 38 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 39 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 40 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 41 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 43 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 45 Machairodontinae Machairodontinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 47 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 48 saber saber NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 50 shaped shape VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 51 canines canine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 413 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 2 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 5 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 6 carnivores carnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 7 consume consume VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 8 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 9 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 12 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 13 herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 14 consume consume VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 15 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 414 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 3 behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 4 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 8 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 9 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 10 omnivores omnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 15 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 16 standpoint standpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 19 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 21 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 23 zoopharmacognosy zoopharmacognosy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 415 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 1 Physiologically physiologically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 3 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 4 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 6 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 8 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 9 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 10 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 12 nutrients nutrient NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 14 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 16 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 17 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 20 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 21 omnivorous omnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 416 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 3 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 4 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 6 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 7 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 10 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 12 carnivores carnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 14 herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 15 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 18 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 19 obtaining obtain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 20 nutrients nutrient NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 22 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 23 originating originate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 25 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 27 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 29 seemingly seemingly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 30 complement complement VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 32 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 417 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 2 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 9 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 10 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 12 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 13 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 16 giraffes giraffe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 18 camels camel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 21 cattle cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 23 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 24 gnaw gnaw VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 26 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 28 consume consume VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 29 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 30 minerals mineral NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 32 nutrients nutrient NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 418 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 2 190 190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 4 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 6 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 11 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 13 obligate obligate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 14 carnivores carnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 16 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 17 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 18 grass grass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 20 regurgitate regurgitate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 21 indigestible indigestible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 22 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 26 hairballs hairball NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 29 aid aid NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 31 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 32 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 37 laxative laxative NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 419 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 2 191 191 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 9 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 11 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 12 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 13 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 16 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 18 suppress suppress VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 20 metabolism metabolism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 22 conserve conserve VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 23 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 26 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 27 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 29 hibernation hibernation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 420 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 2 192 192 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 7 preceding precede VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 8 hibernation hibernation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 10 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 15 bears bear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 17 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 18 polyphagic polyphagic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 20 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 21 fat fat JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 22 stores store NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 24 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 25 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 26 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 27 prefer prefer VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 29 collect collect VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 31 stash stash VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 32 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 421 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 2 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 5 slowing slowing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 8 metabolism metabolism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 10 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 13 decreased decrease VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 14 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 16 respiratory respiratory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 17 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 19 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 20 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 23 drop drop NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 25 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 26 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 29 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 31 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 32 ambient ambient JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 33 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 35 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 36 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 422 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 5 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 6 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 8 hibernating hibernate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 9 arctic arctic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 10 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 11 squirrels squirrel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 13 drop drop VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 15 −2.9 −2.9 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 17 ° ° NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 18 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 20 26.8 26.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 22 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 23 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 26 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 28 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 30 neck neck NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 31 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 32 stay stay VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 33 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 34 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 36 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 37 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 39 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 41 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 42 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 423 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 2 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 8 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 9 environments environment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 10 aestivate aestivate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 12 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 14 drought drought NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 16 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 17 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 20 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 22 fat fat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 24 tailed tailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 25 dwarf dwarf NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 26 lemur lemur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 28 Cheirogaleus cheirogaleus JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 29 medius medius NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 424 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 2 195 195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 4 Intelligence[edit intelligence[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 9 Animal animal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 10 cognition cognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 12 intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 13 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 17 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 20 cerebrum cerebrum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 22 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 23 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 26 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 29 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 425 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 1 Intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 2 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 5 easy easy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 7 define define VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 10 indications indication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 12 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 13 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 15 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 17 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 19 matched match VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 21 behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 22 flexibility flexibility NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 426 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 1 Rats rat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 7 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 10 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 11 intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 16 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 18 perform perform VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 20 tasks task NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 23 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 27 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 28 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 29 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 30 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 31 colonize colonize VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 33 fresh fresh JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 34 habitat habitat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 427 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 3 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 5 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 6 gathering gathering NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 7 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 10 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 12 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 15 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 16 feeding feed VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 18 plants plant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 21 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 22 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 25 cat cat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 28 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 29 think think VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 31 outwit outwit VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 33 prey prey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 428 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 2 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 5 bonobo bonobo NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 6 fishing fishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 8 termites termite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 11 stick stick NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 12 Tool Tool NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 13 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 15 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 17 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 18 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 19 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 21 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 23 cognition cognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 429 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 2 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 3 otter otter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 4 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 5 rocks rock NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 7 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 9 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 10 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 13 foraging forage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 14 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 16 smashing smash VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 17 abalone abalone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 19 rocks rock NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 21 breaking break VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 22 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 23 shells shell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 27 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 28 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 29 spending spend VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 30 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 31 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 33 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 34 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 35 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 36 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 430 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 2 196 196 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 5 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 10 chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 11 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 12 twigs twig NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 15 fish fish VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 18 termites termite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 20 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 22 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 24 watching watch VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 25 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 26 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 27 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 29 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 30 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 33 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 34 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 36 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 37 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 431 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 2 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 4 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 6 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 10 solving solve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 11 puzzles puzzle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 15 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 16 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 18 experience experience VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 21 Eureka eureka JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 22 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 432 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 2 198 198 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 7 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 9 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 10 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 14 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 18 experience experience VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 20 Eureka Eureka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 21 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 433 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 2 199 199 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 4 Brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 5 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 7 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 8 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 10 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 11 indicator indicator NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 14 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 17 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 434 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 5 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 9 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 10 bodily bodily JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 11 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 13 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 14 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 16 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 18 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 19 mass mass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 20 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 21 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 23 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 25 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 26 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 27 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 29 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 30 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 31 cognitive cognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 32 tasks task NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 435 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 1 Allometric allometric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 2 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 3 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 5 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 6 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 7 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 8 scales scale VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 10 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 12 ​2⁄3 ​2⁄3 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 14 ​3⁄4 ​3⁄4 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 15 exponent exponent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 18 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 19 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 436 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 1 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 4 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 5 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 7 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 8 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 11 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 12 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 13 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 14 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 17 allometric allometric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 18 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 19 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 21 encephalisation encephalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 22 quotient quotient NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 24 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 28 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 29 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 31 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 32 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 437 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 2 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 4 Sperm Sperm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 5 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 8 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 9 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 10 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 12 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 13 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 15 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 17 averaging average VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 18 8,000 8,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 19 cubic cubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 20 centimetres centimetre NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 22 490 490 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 24 in3 in3 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 27 7.8 7.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 28 kilograms kilogram NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 30 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 31   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 32 lb lb XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 35 mature mature JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 36 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 438 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 2 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 4 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 6 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 7 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 11 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 13 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 14 thinking thinking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 439 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 1 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 3 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 5 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 7 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 9 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 12 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 16 precursor precursor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 19 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 20 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 23 metacognitive metacognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 24 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 440 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 2 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 3 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 5 measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 9 mirror mirror NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 10 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 13 determines determine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 14 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 16 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 17 possesses possess VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 19 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 21 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 23 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 441 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 2 202 202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 7 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 9 mirror mirror NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 10 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 11 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 12 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 13 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 16 pass pass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 19 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 20 not);[203 not);[203 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 22 chimpanzees;[204 chimpanzees;[204 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 24 bonobos;[205 bonobos;[205 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 26 orangutans;[206 orangutans;[206 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 28 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 31 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 32 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 34 mirror mirror NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 35 stage);[207 stage);[207 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 37 bottlenose bottlenose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 38 dolphins[a][208 dolphins[a][208 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 40 killer killer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 41 whales;[209 whales;[209 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 44 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 45 killer killer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 46 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 442 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 2 209 209 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 5 structure[edit structure[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 7 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 10 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 11 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 12 Female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 13 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 14 live live VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 16 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 17 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 19 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 22 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 443 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 1 Dolphins dolphin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 6 intelligence intelligence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 8 travel travel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 11 Eusociality Eusociality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 14 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 15 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 444 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 2 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 5 overlap overlap NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 7 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 8 generations generation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 11 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 13 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 14 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 16 cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 17 caring caring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 19 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 445 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 1 Usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 2 insects insect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 6 bees bee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 8 ants ant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 10 termites termite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 12 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 13 eusocial eusocial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 14 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 19 demonstrated demonstrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 22 rodent rodent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 23 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 26 naked naked NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 27 mole mole NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 29 rat[210 rat[210 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 33 Damaraland Damaraland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 34 mole mole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 36 rat rat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 446 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 2 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 4 Presociality presociality NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 7 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 8 exhibit exhibit VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 11 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 12 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 13 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 15 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 18 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 19 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 22 fall fall VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 23 short short RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 25 qualifying qualifying NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 27 eusocial eusocial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 447 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 1 That that RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 2 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 4 presocial presocial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 5 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 7 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 8 communal communal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 9 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 11 cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 12 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 14 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 17 primitive primitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 18 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 20 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 21 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 25 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 27 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 31 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 32 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 33 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 35 eusocial eusocial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 36 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 448 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 1 Humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 4 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 6 Callitrichidae Callitrichidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 8 marmosets marmoset NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 10 tamarins tamarin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 13 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 14 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 15 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 18 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 20 cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 21 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 23 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 449 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 2 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 4 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 5 Harlow Harlow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 6 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 9 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 11 rhesus rhesus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 12 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 14 presocial presocial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 15 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 18 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 21 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 24 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 25 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 27 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 28 encounters encounter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 29 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 30 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 32 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 35 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 36 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 38 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 39 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 40 mentally mentally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 42 sexually sexually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 450 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 2 213 213 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 5 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 7 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 8 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 11 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 13 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 14 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 17 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 19 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 21 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 22 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 24 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 25 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 26 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 27 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 30 parent parent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 31 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 451 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 1 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 2 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 3 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 4 consist consist VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 6 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 7 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 8 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 11 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 13 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 14 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 16 track track VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 17 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 20 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 452 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 3 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 5 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 6 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 9 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 10 parent parent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 13 fracture fracture VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 15 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 18 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 19 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 20 subgroups subgroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 22 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 24 adapt adapt VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 26 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 28 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 29 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 453 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 7 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 9 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 10 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 13 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 16 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 18 hunt hunt VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 20 forage forage VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 22 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 23 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 25 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 29 night night NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 31 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 32 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 34 join join VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 36 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 39 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 40 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 42 share share VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 43 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 45 partake partake VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 47 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 48 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 454 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 3 exhibit exhibit VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 8 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 11 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 12 orangutans orangutan NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 14 spider spider NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 15 monkeys),[214 monkeys),[214 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 17 elephants,[215 elephants,[215 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 19 spotted spot VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 20 hyenas,[216 hyenas,[216 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 22 lions,[217 lions,[217 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 25 dolphins dolphin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 455 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 2 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 4 Solitary solitary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 5 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 6 defend defend VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 8 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 10 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 11 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 12 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 15 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 18 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 20 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 22 breeding breeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 23 season season NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 456 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 4 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 5 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 6 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 10 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 14 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 16 occupy occupy VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 18 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 19 niche niche NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 23 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 24 depletion depletion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 26 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 457 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 2 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 5 solitary solitary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 6 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 8 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 9 foraging forage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 14 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 15 conspicuous conspicuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 17 predators predator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 19 prey prey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 458 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 2 220 220 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 4 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 5 kangaroos kangaroo NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 7 boxing box VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 10 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 13 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 15 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 17 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 18 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 20 submissive submissive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 459 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 2 despotic despotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 3 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 5 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 7 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 9 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 10 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 12 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 14 submissive submissive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 18 wolves wolf NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 20 lemurs,[221 lemurs,[221 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 24 pecking peck VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 25 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 28 linear linear JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 29 ranking ranking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 31 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 32 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 33 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 36 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 37 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 40 bottom bottom JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 41 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 460 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 1 Pecking peck VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 2 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 6 ranked rank VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 8 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 12 lowest low JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 13 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 16 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 19 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 20 ranking ranking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 23 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 24 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 28 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 32 hyenas hyena NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 461 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 2 222 222 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 4 Dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 5 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 8 alphas alpha NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 12 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 13 chance chance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 15 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 16 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 18 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 20 harems harem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 21 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 25 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 26 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 28 resident resident JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 29 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 31 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 32 exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 33 breeding breeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 34 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 36 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 39 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 462 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 2 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 4 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 6 resident resident JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 7 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 11 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 13 harems harem NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 17 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 23 vampire vampire JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 24 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 26 Desmodus Desmodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 27 rotundus rotundus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 30 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 32 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 33 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 463 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 2 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 7 perfectly perfectly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 8 monogamous monogamous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 10 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 13 mate mate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 15 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 17 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 18 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 20 partners partner NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 22 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 23 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 25 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 26 mate mate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 28 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 33 wolves wolf NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 35 Eurasian eurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 36 beavers beaver NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 39 otters otter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 464 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 2 225][226 225][226 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 7 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 9 polygamy polygamy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 14 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 15 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 16 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 18 breeding breed VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 19 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 21 polygyny polygyny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 24 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 25 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 27 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 28 mate mate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 31 polyandry polyandry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 35 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 36 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 37 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 38 exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 39 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 41 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 42 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 44 polygynandry polygynandry NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 465 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 3 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 7 polygynous polygynous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 8 mating mating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 10 happen happen VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 14 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 15 leks lek NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 18 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 20 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 22 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 24 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 25 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 27 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 466 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 2 227 227 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 4 Lek Lek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 5 mating mating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 6 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 8 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 9 congregate congregate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 10 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 11 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 13 try try VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 15 attract attract VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 16 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 18 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 19 courtship courtship NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 20 displays display NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 22 vocalizations vocalization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 26 harbor harbor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 27 seals seal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 467 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 2 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 4 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 5 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 8 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 9 monotremes monotremes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 11 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 12 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 13 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 14 adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 16 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 19 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 21 live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 22 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 24 lactation lactation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 468 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 2 imply imply VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 4 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 6 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 7 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 10 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 12 parental parental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 13 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 469 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 3 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 4 nests nest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 6 dig dig VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 7 burrows burrow NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 9 raise raise VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 11 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 15 feed feed VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 17 guard guard VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 19 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 22 prolonged prolonged JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 23 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 25 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 470 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 4 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 6 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 9 invest invest VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 13 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 16 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 17 than than TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 18 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 19 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 21 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 22 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 471 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 3 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 4 mate mate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 6 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 7 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 8 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 10 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 13 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 16 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 18 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 19 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 21 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 22 extremes extreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 472 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 1 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 2 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 3 exhibit exhibit VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 5 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 7 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 8 aggression aggression NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 10 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 11 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 13 parental parental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 14 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 19 targeted target VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 20 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 22 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 25 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 28 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 31 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 33 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 35 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 36 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 37 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 39 aunt aunt VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 42 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 44 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 45 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 48 care care VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 49 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 50 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 473 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 1 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 2 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 4 play play VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 6 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 8 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 9 rearing rearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 13 tenrecs tenrecs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 15 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 17 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 18 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 20 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 22 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 23 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 25 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 26 genus genus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 474 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 5 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 8 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 9 pig pig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 11 tailed tail VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 12 macaque macaque NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 14 Macaca Macaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 15 nemestrina nemestrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 17 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 19 participate participate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 21 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 22 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 24 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 26 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 29 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 30 macaque macaque NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 32 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 33 fuscata fuscata NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 35 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 475 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 2 229 229 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 4 Humans Humans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 7 mammals[edit mammals[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 12 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 13 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 15 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 16 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 17 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 18 culture[edit culture[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 20 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 21 Paleolithic Paleolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 22 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 23 painting painting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 26 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 28 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 29 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 31 Lascaux Lascaux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 33 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 34 17,300 17,300 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 35 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 36 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 37 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 38 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 39 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 40 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 41 play play VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 43 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 44 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 46 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 48 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 49 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 476 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 7 pets pet NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 10 tens ten NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 12 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 14 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 16 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 19 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 21 rabbits rabbit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 23 mice mouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 24 kept keep VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 26 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 27 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 477 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 2 230][231][232 230][231][232 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 7 mammoths mammoth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 9 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 11 deer deer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 13 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 15 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 16 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 18 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 20 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 21 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 23 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 24 Paleolithic Paleolithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 25 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 26 paintings painting NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 30 Lascaux Lascaux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 478 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 2 233 233 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 4 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 5 artists artist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 8 Albrecht Albrecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 9 Dürer Dürer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 11 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 12 Stubbs Stubbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 14 Edwin Edwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 15 Landseer Landseer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 17 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 20 portraits portrait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 22 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 479 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 2 234 234 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 5 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 10 hunted hunt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 12 sport sport NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 15 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 17 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 19 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 20 boar boar NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 22 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 23 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 25 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 26 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 480 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 2 235][236][237 235][236][237 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 7 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 9 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 11 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 12 raced race VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 14 sport sport NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 16 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 17 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 19 betting betting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 22 outcome outcome NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 481 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 2 238][239 238][239 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 7 tension tension NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 10 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 12 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 14 companions companion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 16 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 20 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 22 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 24 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 27 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 482 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 2 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 5 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 6 play play VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 8 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 9 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 11 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 13 literature,[241][242][243 literature,[241][242][243 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 15 film,[244 film,[244 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 17 mythology mythology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 20 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 483 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 2 245][246][247 245][246][247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 4 Uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 6 importance[edit importance[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 8 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 11 Livestock Livestock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 13 Laboratory Laboratory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 14 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 17 Pack Pack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 18 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 19 Cattle Cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 22 kept keep VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 24 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 26 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 28 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 484 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 1 Domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 2 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 3 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 6 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 9 livestock livestock NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 10 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 12 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 13 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 485 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 6 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 7 1.4 1.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 9 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 10 cattle cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 14 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 15 sheep sheep NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 17 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 19 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 20 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 21 pigs,[248][249 pigs,[248][249 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 25 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 27 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 28 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 30 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 31 rabbits rabbit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 486 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 2 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 4 Working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 5 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 6 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 7 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 8 cattle cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 10 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 15 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 17 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 20 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 22 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 25 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 26 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 29 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 31 mechanised mechanised JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 32 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 34 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 35 machinery machinery NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 487 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 4 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 5 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 7 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 8 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 14 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 15 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 16 farms farm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 19 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 20 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 24 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 25 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 28 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 30 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 32 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 33 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 35 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 36 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 488 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 2 mountainous mountainous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 3 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 4 unsuitable unsuitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 6 wheeled wheeled JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 7 vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 9 pack pack NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 10 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 11 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 13 transport transport VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 14 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 489 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 2 251 251 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 4 Mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 5 skins skin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 6 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 7 leather leather NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 9 shoes shoe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 11 clothing clothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 13 upholstery upholstery NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 490 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 2 252 252 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 4 Wool wool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 7 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 8 sheep sheep NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 10 goats goat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 12 alpacas alpacas RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 15 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 17 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 19 clothing clothing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 491 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 2 253][254 253][254 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 5 serve serve VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 7 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 8 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 10 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 12 experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 13 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 15 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 17 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 18 biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 19 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 24 genetics,[255 genetics,[255 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 29 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 31 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 32 medicines medicine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 35 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 37 tested test VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 38 exhaustively exhaustively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 40 demonstrate demonstrate VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 42 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 492 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 2 256 256 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 4 Millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 8 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 9 mice mouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 11 rats rat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 16 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 17 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 18 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 493 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 2 257 257 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 5 knockout knockout NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 6 mouse mouse NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 9 genetically genetically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 10 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 11 mouse mouse NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 14 inactivated inactivated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 15 gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 17 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 19 disrupted disrupt VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 22 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 23 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 25 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 494 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 2 enable enable VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 4 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 6 sequenced sequence VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 7 genes gene NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 8 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 9 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 11 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 495 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 2 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 5 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 6 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 13 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 14 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 18 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 21 similarity similarity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 23 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 496 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 2 259][260][261 259][260][261 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 5 Darwin Darwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 7 Jared Jared NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 8 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 10 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 12 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 14 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 16 domesticated domesticate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 17 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 20 Neolithic neolithic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 21 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 23 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 26 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 28 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 29 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 31 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 32 hunter hunter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 34 gatherers gatherer NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 35 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 37 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 497 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 2 b][263 b][263 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 5 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 7 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 9 gathering gathering NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 11 herding herding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 12 flocks flock NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 14 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 15 crops crop NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 18 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 19 step step NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 21 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 22 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 498 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 3 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 4 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 8 domesticated domesticated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 11 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 13 radical radical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 14 restructuring restructuring NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 16 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 17 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 19 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 20 alterations alteration NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 22 biodiversity biodiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 25 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 26 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 29 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 31 landforms landform NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 33 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 34 atmosphere atmosphere NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 35 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 36 momentous momentous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 37 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 499 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 2 264 264 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 4 Hybrids[edit Hybrids[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 9 Hybrid hybrid NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 11 biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 14 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 15 quagga quagga NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 17 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 19 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 21 vs. vs. FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 23 bred breed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 25 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 26 quagga quagga NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 28 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 30 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 32 Hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 34 offspring offspre VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 35 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 38 breeding breeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 40 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 41 genetically genetically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 42 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 43 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 45 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 46 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 47 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 48 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 51 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 52 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 54 heterozygosity heterozygosity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 56 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 57 hybrid hybrid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 59 heterozygous heterozygous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 60 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 61 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 62 synonymous synonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 500 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 2 deliberate deliberate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 4 accidental accidental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 5 hybridizing hybridizing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 10 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 12 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 13 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 14 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 15 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 16 captive captive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 17 breeding breeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 20 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 21 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 23 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 24 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 26 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 28 millennia millennia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 30 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 31 grown grow VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 33 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 34 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 501 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 2 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 4 Hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 5 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 7 subspecies subspecie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 8 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 10 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 16 Bengal Bengal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 17 tiger tiger NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 19 Siberian siberian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 20 tiger tiger NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 23 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 25 intra intra JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 27 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 28 hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 502 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 1 Hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 2 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 3 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 4 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 5 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 7 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 8 genus genus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 12 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 13 lions lion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 15 tigers tiger NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 18 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 20 interspecific interspecific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 21 hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 23 crosses crosse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 503 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 1 Hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 2 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 3 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 4 genera genera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 9 sheep sheep NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 11 goats goat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 14 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 16 intergeneric intergeneric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 17 hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 504 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 2 266 266 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 4 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 5 hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 6 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 7 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 9 hybrid hybrid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 10 zones zone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 12 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 14 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 16 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 19 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 20 genera genera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 22 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 23 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 26 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 28 adjacent adjacent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 29 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 30 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 31 interbreed interbreed VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 33 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 34 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 505 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 2 hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 5 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 7 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 12 red red NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 13 wolf wolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 15 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 18 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 506 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 2 267 267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 4 Artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 5 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 8 deliberate deliberate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 9 selective selective JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 10 breeding breeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 12 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 13 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 16 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 19 breed breed VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 20 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 21 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 22 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 23 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 26 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 28 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 30 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 31 breed breed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 34 phenotype phenotype NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 36 resembles resemble VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 38 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 39 wildtype wildtype NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 40 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 507 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 2 breeding breeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 4 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 6 intraspecific intraspecific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 8 hybrid hybrid NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 11 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 12 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 15 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 16 wildtype wildtype NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 18 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 20 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 21 niche niche NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 24 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 25 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 26 genetics genetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 30 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 31 gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 32 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 34 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 35 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 36 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 38 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 39 forever forever RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 41 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 42 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 508 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 5 bred breed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 7 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 8 breeds breed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 11 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 12 vague vague JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 13 look look NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 14 - - , en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 15 alikes alike NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 17 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 18 wildtypes wildtype NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 21 Heck Heck NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 22 cattle cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 26 aurochs auroch NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 509 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 2 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 4 Purebred purebre VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 5 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 6 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 7 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 10 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 11 ecology ecology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 14 threatened threaten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 16 extinction[269 extinction[269 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 20 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 22 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 23 pollution pollution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 26 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 27 hybridization hybridization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 29 introgression introgression NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 30 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 31 swamping swamping NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 33 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 35 homogenization homogenization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 37 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 39 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 40 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 42 heterosic heterosic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 43 hybrid hybrid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 44 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 510 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 2 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 6 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 8 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 10 selectively selectively RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 11 bred breed VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 13 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 16 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 17 habitat habitat JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 18 modification modification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 19 brings bring VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 20 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 21 isolated isolate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 22 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 24 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 26 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 29 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 31 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 32 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 33 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 36 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 511 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 2 271 271 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 4 Interbreeding interbreeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 6 swamp swamp VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 8 rarer rarer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 9 gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 10 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 12 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 13 hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 15 depleting deplete VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 17 purebred purebre VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 18 gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 19 pool pool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 512 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 5 endangered endanger VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 6 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 7 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 8 buffalo buffalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 11 threatened threaten VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 13 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 15 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 16 pollution pollution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 19 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 20 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 21 buffalo buffalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 513 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 2 extinctions extinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 5 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 6 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 9 morphological morphological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 10 standpoint standpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 514 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 2 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 4 gene gene NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 5 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 8 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 10 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 12 nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 14 hybridization hybridization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 15 threatens threaten VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 17 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 19 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 20 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 515 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 2 272][273 272][273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 4 Threats[edit threats[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 9 Holocene holocene NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 10 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 11 Biodiversity biodiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 13 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 14 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 15 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 16 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 17 continent continent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 18 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 21 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 22 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 23 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 25 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 27 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 29 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 30 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 32 defaunation defaunation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 35 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 36 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 38 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 39 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 516 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 2 274 274 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 6 resulted result VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 8 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 9 forests forest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 11 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 12 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 13 depleted deplete VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 15 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 16 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 517 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 2 275][276 275][276 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 6 Quaternary quaternary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 7 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 8 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 11 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 12 die die NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 14 off off NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 16 megafaunal megafaunal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 17 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 18 coincided coincide VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 21 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 23 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 25 suggesting suggest VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 27 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 28 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 518 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 2 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 5 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 6 hunted hunt VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 7 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 13 woolly woolly JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 14 mammoth mammoth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 17 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 519 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 2 277][278 277][278 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 6 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 7 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 8 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 10 Biodiversity Biodiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 12 Ecosystem Ecosystem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 13 Services Services NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 15 IPBES IPBES NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 16 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 19 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 20 biomass biomass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 22 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 23 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 25 declined decline VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 27 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 28 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 29 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 31 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 33 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 34 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 520 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 2 279][280 279][280 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 4 Wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 5 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 6 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 8 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 12 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 13 biomass biomass NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 15 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 18 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 21 domesticated domesticate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 22 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 23 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 24 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 25 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 26 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 521 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 2 281 281 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 4 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 5 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 7 predicted predict VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 9 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 10 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 13 near near JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 14 future,[282 future,[282 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 16 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 17 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 19 rhinoceros,[283 rhinoceros,[283 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 21 primates,[284 primates,[284 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 23 pangolins,[285 pangolins,[285 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 26 giraffes giraffe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 522 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 2 286 286 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 7 WWF WWF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 9 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 10 Living Living NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 11 Planet Planet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 12 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 14 vertebrate vertebrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 15 wildlife wildlife NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 16 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 18 declined decline VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 20 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 21 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 22 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 23 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 26 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 28 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 29 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 31 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 32 overconsumption overconsumption NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 34 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 35 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 37 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 38 farming farming NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 40 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 42 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 43 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 44 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 45 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 46 triggered trigger VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 48 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 49 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 50 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 51 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 523 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 2 287][288 287][288 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 4 Hunting hunt VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 5 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 6 threatens threaten VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 7 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 9 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 10 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 11 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 13 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 524 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 2 289][290 289][290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 4 Scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 5 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 8 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 9 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 11 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 13 contributing contribute VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 15 biodiversity biodiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 16 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 21 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 22 driver driver NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 24 deforestation deforestation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 26 habitat habitat JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 27 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 29 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 31 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 32 habitats habitat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 34 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 36 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 37 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 40 Amazon Amazon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 41 rainforest rainforest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 43 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 44 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 45 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 47 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 48 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 49 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 50 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 51 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 525 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 2 291][292][293 291][292][293 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 7 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 9 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 11 poaching poaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 15 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 17 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 20 game game NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 21 animals,[294 animals,[294 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 23 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 24 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 25 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 26 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 27 villages,[295 villages,[295 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 32 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 34 peccaries peccary NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 526 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 2 296 296 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 7 poaching poaching NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 9 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 11 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 14 ivory ivory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 15 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 17 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 18 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 527 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 5 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 9 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 11 entanglement entanglement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 13 fishing fishing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 14 gear gear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 16 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 17 cetaceans cetaceans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 20 discard discard NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 21 mortalities mortality NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 22 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 24 65,000 65,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 26 86,000 86,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 27 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 28 annually annually RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 528 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 2 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 4 Attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 7 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 9 endangered endanger VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 10 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 11 globally globally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 13 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 16 Convention Convention NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 18 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 19 Diversity Diversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 21 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 22 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 25 Rio Rio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 26 Accord Accord NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 29 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 30 189 189 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 31 signatory signatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 32 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 34 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 35 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 37 identifying identify VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 38 endangered endanger VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 39 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 41 habitats habitat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 529 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 2 298 298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 5 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 6 conservation conservation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 7 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 10 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 15 membership membership NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 18 1,200 1,200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 19 governmental governmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 21 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 22 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 23 governmental governmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 24 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 530 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 2 299 299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 4 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 5 extinctions extinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 8 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 9 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 11 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 12 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 531 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 2 300][274 300][274 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 5 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 6 characterizes characterize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 7 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 8 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 9 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 10 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 12 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 15 occurred occur VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 16 past past IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 18 cut cut VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 20 off off RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 21 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 23 1500,[301 1500,[301 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 26 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 27 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 28 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 29 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 30 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 31 gone go VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 32 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 33 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 34 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 35 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 37 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 532 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 2 302 302 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 5 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 10 Père Père NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 11 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 13 deer[303 deer[303 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 16 extinct extinct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 19 wild wild NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 22 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 23 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 25 captive captive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 26 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 533 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 2 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 7 Florida Florida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 8 panther panther NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 11 ecologically ecologically RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 12 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 14 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 17 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 18 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 21 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 22 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 23 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 24 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 27 ecosystem ecosystem NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 534 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 2 304]:318 304]:318 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 3 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 4 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 7 locally locally RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 8 extinct extinct VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 10 extirpated extirpate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 13 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 14 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 15 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 18 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 20 distribution,[304]:75–77 distribution,[304]:75–77 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 24 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 26 gray gray JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 27 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 30 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 535 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 2 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 4 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 7 Decreased decrease VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 8 latency latency NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 10 approach approach VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 12 mirror mirror NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 14 repetitious repetitious JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 15 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 16 circling circling NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 18 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 19 viewing viewing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 22 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 23 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 25 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 26 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 28 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 30 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 31 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 33 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 35 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 36 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 38 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 40 touch touch VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 42 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 43 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 536 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 2 208 208 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 5 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 6 discussed discuss VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 8 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 9 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 12 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 13 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 14 Guns Guns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 16 Germs Germs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 19 Steel steel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 537 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 2 262 262 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 5 also[edit also[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 7 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 9 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 10 genera genera NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 12 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 13 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 14 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 16 mammalogists mammalogist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 17 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 19 monotremes monotreme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 21 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 22 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 24 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 25 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 26 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 28 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 29 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 30 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 32 threatened threatened JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 33 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 36 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 37 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 38 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 40 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 42 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 43 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 44 Lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 46 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 48 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 49 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 50 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 53 2000s 2000 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 54 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 56 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 57 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 58 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 59 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 60 Vaughan Vaughan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 61 TA TA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 63 Ryan Ryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 64 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 66 Czaplewski Czaplewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 67 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 68 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 69 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 538 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 539 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 539 2 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 539 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 539 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 539 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 539 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 540 1 Mammalogy Mammalogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 540 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 540 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 540 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 540 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 540 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 540 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 541 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 541 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 541 3 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 541 4 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 541 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 7 284 284 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 9 03209 03209 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 542 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 4 Szalay Szalay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 5 FS FS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 543 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 2 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 5 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 7 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 8 Level level NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 10 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 544 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 545 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 545 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 545 3 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 545 4 Paleontology Paleontology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 545 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 546 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 546 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 546 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 546 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 546 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 546 6 191–195 191–195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 546 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 547 1 doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011133 doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011133 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 547 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 548 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 548 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 548 3 4523980 4523980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 548 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 4 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 5 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 7 Reeder Reeder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 8 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 549 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 550 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 550 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 550 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 550 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 551 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 551 2 Preface preface NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 551 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 551 4 introductory introductory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 551 5 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 551 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 551 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 1 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 2 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 8 Taxonomic Taxonomic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 10 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 11 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 13 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 552 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 553 1 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 553 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 553 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 553 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 553 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 554 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 554 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 554 3 xxvi xxvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 554 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 7 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 9 8221 8221 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 555 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 556 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 556 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 556 3 62265494 62265494 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 556 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 557 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 557 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 557 3 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 557 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 557 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 2 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 3 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 4 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 6 Threatened Threatened NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 7 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 558 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 559 1 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 559 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 560 1 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 560 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 560 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 561 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 561 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 561 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 561 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 561 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 2 Burgin Burgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 3 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 5 Colella Colella NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 6 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 8 Kahn Kahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 9 PL PL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 11 Upham Upham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 12 NS NS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 14 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 15 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 17 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 562 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 4 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 8 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 563 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 564 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 564 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 564 3 Mammalogy Mammalogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 564 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 565 1 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 565 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 565 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 565 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 565 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 565 6 1–14 1–14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 565 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 566 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 566 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 566 3 jmammal jmammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 566 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 566 5 gyx147 gyx147 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 566 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 567 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 567 2 Rowe Rowe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 567 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 567 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 567 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 567 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 567 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 2 Definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 4 diagnosis diagnosis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 7 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 9 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 568 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 569 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 569 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 569 3 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 569 4 Paleontology Paleontology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 569 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 570 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 570 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 570 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 570 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 570 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 570 6 241–264 241–264 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 570 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 571 1 doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011708 doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011708 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 571 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 572 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 572 2 Lyell Lyell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 572 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 572 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 572 5 1871 1871 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 572 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 572 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 573 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 573 2 Student Student NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 573 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 573 4 Elements Elements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 573 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 573 6 Geology Geology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 573 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 574 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 574 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 574 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 574 4 Murray Murray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 574 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 575 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 575 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 575 3 347 347 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 575 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 7 345 345 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 9 18248 18248 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 576 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 2 Cifelli Cifelli NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 3 RL RL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 5 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 6 BM BM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 9 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 577 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 578 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 578 2 Paleontology paleontology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 578 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 579 1 Marsupial marsupial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 579 2 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 579 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 579 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 580 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 580 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 581 1 302 302 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 581 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 581 3 5652 5652 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 581 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 581 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 581 6 1899–900 1899–900 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 581 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 582 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 582 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 582 3 science.1092272 science.1092272 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 582 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 583 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 583 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 583 3 14671280 14671280 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 583 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 584 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 584 2 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 584 3 TS TS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 584 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 584 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 584 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 584 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 2 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 4 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 6 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 585 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 586 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 586 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 586 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 586 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 586 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 586 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 586 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 587 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 587 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 587 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 587 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 9 850760 850760 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 588 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 589 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 589 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 589 3 232311794 232311794 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 589 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 590 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 590 2 Datta Datta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 590 3 PM PM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 590 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 590 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 590 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 590 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 2 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 3 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 5 transversely transversely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 6 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 7 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 8 molar molar NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 11 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 12 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 14 Carnian Carnian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 16 Tiki Tiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 17 Formation Formation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 19 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 20 Rewa Rewa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 21 Gondwana Gondwana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 22 Basin Basin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 24 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 591 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 592 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 592 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 592 3 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 592 4 Paleontology Paleontology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 592 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 593 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 593 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 593 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 593 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 593 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 593 6 200–207 200–207 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 593 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 594 1 doi:10.1671/0272 doi:10.1671/0272 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 594 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 594 3 4634(2005)025[0200 4634(2005)025[0200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 594 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 594 5 EMWTEU]2.0.CO;2 EMWTEU]2.0.CO;2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 594 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 2 Luo Luo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 3 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 5 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 6 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 595 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 2 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 4 Molar Molar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 5 Structure Structure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 7 Phylogeny Phylogeny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 9 Docodont Docodont NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 10 Genera Genera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 596 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 1 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 3 Carnegie Carnegie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 4 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 6 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 597 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 598 1 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 598 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 598 3 27–47 27–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 598 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 599 1 doi:10.2992/0145 doi:10.2992/0145 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 599 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 599 3 9058(2007)39[27 9058(2007)39[27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 599 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 599 5 AOMSAP]2.0.CO;2 AOMSAP]2.0.CO;2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 599 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 9 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 10 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 12 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 600 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 601 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 601 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 601 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 601 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 601 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 601 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 2 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 3 MC MC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 5 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 6 SG SG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 8 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 602 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 1 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 3 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 4 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 6 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 7 Level Level NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 603 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 604 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 604 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 604 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 604 4 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 604 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 604 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 604 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 9 11013 11013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 605 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 606 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 606 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 606 3 37345734 37345734 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 606 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 2 Nilsson Nilsson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 5 Churakov Churakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 8 Sommer Sommer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 11 Tran Tran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 12 NV NV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 14 Zemann Zemann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 15 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 17 Brosius Brosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 18 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 20 Schmitz Schmitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 21 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 23 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 24 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 607 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 2 Tracking track VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 3 marsupial marsupial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 4 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 5 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 6 archaic archaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 7 genomic genomic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 8 retroposon retroposon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 9 insertions insertion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 608 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 609 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 609 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 609 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 610 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 610 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 610 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 610 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 610 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 610 6 e1000436 e1000436 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 610 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 611 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 611 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 611 3 journal.pbio.1000436 journal.pbio.1000436 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 611 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 612 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 612 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 612 3 2910653 2910653 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 612 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 613 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 613 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 613 3 20668664 20668664 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 613 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 2 Kriegs Kriegs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 3 JO JO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 5 Churakov Churakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 8 Kiefmann Kiefmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 11 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 12 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 14 Brosius Brosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 15 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 17 Schmitz Schmitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 18 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 21 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 614 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 2 Retroposed retroposed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 3 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 5 archives archive NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 8 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 11 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 12 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 615 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 616 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 616 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 616 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 617 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 617 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 617 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 617 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 617 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 617 6 e91 e91 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 617 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 618 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 618 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 618 3 journal.pbio.0040091 journal.pbio.0040091 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 618 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 619 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 619 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 619 3 1395351 1395351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 619 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 620 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 620 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 620 3 16515367 16515367 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 620 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 4 Nishihara Nishihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 5 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 7 Maruyama Maruyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 8 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 10 Okada Okada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 11 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 13 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 14 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 621 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 2 Retroposon retroposon JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 5 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 6 geological geological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 7 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 8 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 9 near near JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 11 simultaneous simultaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 12 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 15 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 16 superorders superorder NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 18 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 622 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 623 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 624 1 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 624 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 624 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 624 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 624 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 624 6 5235–40 5235–40 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 624 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 625 1 Bibcode:2009PNAS bibcode:2009pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 625 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 625 3 106.5235N. 106.5235n. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 626 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 626 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 626 3 pnas.0809297106 pnas.0809297106 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 626 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 627 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 627 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 627 3 2655268 2655268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 627 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 628 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 628 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 628 3 19286970 19286970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 628 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 2 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 3 MS MS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 5 Murphy Murphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 6 WJ WJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 8 Eizirik Eizirik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 9 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 11 O'Brien O'Brien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 12 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 14 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 15 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 629 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 2 Placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 3 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 4 diversification diversification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 7 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 9 Tertiary tertiary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 10 boundary boundary NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 630 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 631 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 632 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 632 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 632 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 632 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 632 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 632 6 1056–61 1056–61 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 632 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 633 1 Bibcode:2003PNAS bibcode:2003pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 633 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 633 3 100.1056S. 100.1056s. JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 634 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 634 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 634 3 pnas.0334222100 pnas.0334222100 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 634 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 635 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 635 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 635 3 298725 298725 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 635 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 636 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 636 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 636 3 12552136 12552136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 636 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 2 Tarver Tarver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 3 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 5 Dos Dos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 6 Reis Reis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 7 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 9 Mirarab Mirarab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 10 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 12 Moran Moran NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 13 RJ RJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 15 Parker Parker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 16 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 18 O'Reilly O'Reilly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 19 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 21 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 22 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 637 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 638 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 638 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 638 3 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 638 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 638 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 3 Interrelationships Interrelationships NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 5 Placental Placental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 6 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 9 Limits Limits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 11 Phylogenetic Phylogenetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 12 Inference Inference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 639 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 640 1 Genome Genome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 640 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 640 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 640 4 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 640 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 641 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 641 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 641 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 641 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 641 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 641 6 330–44 330–44 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 641 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 642 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 642 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 642 3 gbe gbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 642 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 642 5 evv261 evv261 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 642 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 1 hdl:1983/64d6e437 hdl:1983/64d6e437 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 3 3320 3320 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 5 480d 480d NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 7 a16c-2e5b2e6b61d4 a16c-2e5b2e6b61d4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 643 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 644 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 644 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 644 3 4779606 4779606 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 644 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 645 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 645 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 645 3 26733575 26733575 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 645 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 5 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 6 MS MS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 8 Meredith Meredith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 9 RW RW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 11 Janecka Janecka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 12 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 14 Murphy Murphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 15 WJ WJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 17 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 18 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 646 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 3 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 4 biogeography biogeography NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 6 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 647 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 1 Philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 2 Transactions Transactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 5 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 648 9 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 649 1 366 366 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 649 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 649 3 1577 1577 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 649 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 649 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 649 6 2478–502 2478–502 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 649 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 650 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 650 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 650 3 rstb.2011.0023 rstb.2011.0023 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 650 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 651 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 651 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 651 3 3138613 3138613 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 651 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 652 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 652 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 652 3 21807730 21807730 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 652 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 2 Meng Meng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 5 Wang Wang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 6 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 8 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 9 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 11 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 653 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 2 Transitional transitional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 3 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 4 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 5 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 9 Cretaceous Cretaceous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 10 Jehol Jehol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 11 eutriconodont eutriconodont NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 654 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 655 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 655 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 656 1 472 472 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 656 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 656 3 7342 7342 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 656 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 656 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 656 6 181–5 181–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 656 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 657 1 Bibcode:2011Natur.472 bibcode:2011natur.472 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 657 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 657 3 181M. 181m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 658 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 658 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 658 3 nature09921 nature09921 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 658 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 659 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 659 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 659 3 21490668 21490668 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 659 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 660 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 660 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 660 3 4428972 4428972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 660 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 2 Ahlberg Ahlberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 3 PE PE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 5 Milner Milner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 6 AR AR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 9 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 661 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 3 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 5 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 6 Diversification Diversification NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 8 Tetrapods Tetrapods NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 662 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 663 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 663 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 664 1 368 368 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 664 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 664 3 6471 6471 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 664 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 664 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 664 6 507–514 507–514 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 664 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 665 1 Bibcode:1994Natur.368 Bibcode:1994Natur.368 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 665 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 665 3 507A. 507a. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 666 1 doi:10.1038/368507a0 doi:10.1038/368507a0 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 666 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 667 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 667 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 667 3 4369342 4369342 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 667 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 668 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 668 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 668 3 Amniota Amniota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 668 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 668 5 Palaeos Palaeos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 668 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 668 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 8 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 10 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 669 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 3 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 4 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 6 Palaeos Palaeos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 670 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 8 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 10 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 671 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 5 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 6 TS TS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 8 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 672 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 3 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 6 radiation radiation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 9 therapsid therapsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 10 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 12 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 13 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 16 palaeobiological palaeobiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 17 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 20 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 673 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 674 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 674 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 674 3 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 674 4 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 674 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 675 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 675 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 675 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 675 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 675 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 675 6 1231–47 1231–47 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 675 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 676 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 676 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 676 3 j.1420 j.1420 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 676 4 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1591 676 5 9101.2005.01076.x 9101.2005.01076.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 676 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 677 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 677 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 677 3 16780524 16780524 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 677 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 4 Bennett Bennett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 5 AF AF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 7 Ruben Ruben NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 8 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 10 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 678 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 3 metabolic metabolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 5 thermoregulatory thermoregulatory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 6 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 8 therapsids therapsid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 679 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 2 Hotton Hotton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 3 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 4 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 6 MacLean MacLean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 7 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 9 Roth Roth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 10 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 12 Roth Roth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 13 EC EC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 15 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 680 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 2 ecology ecology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 4 biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 6 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 8 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 9 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 681 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 5 Smithsonian Smithsonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 6 Institution Institution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 682 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 683 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 683 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 684 1 207–218 207–218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 684 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 7 87474 87474 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 9 524 524 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 685 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 2 Kermack Kermack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 3 DM DM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 5 Kermack Kermack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 6 KA KA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 8 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 686 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 687 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 687 2 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 687 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 687 4 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 687 5 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 687 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 688 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 688 2 D.C. D.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 688 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 688 4 Croom Croom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 688 5 Helm Helm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 688 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 7 7099 7099 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 9 1534 1534 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 689 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 690 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 690 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 690 3 10710687 10710687 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 690 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 2 Tanner Tanner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 3 LH LH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 5 Lucas Lucas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 6 SG SG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 8 Chapman Chapman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 9 MG MG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 11 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 691 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 2 Assessing assess VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 4 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 6 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 8 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 9 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 10 extinctions extinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 692 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 693 1 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 693 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 693 3 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 693 4 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 693 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 694 1 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 694 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 694 3 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 694 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 694 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 694 6 103–139 103–139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 694 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 695 1 Bibcode:2004ESRv Bibcode:2004ESRv NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 695 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 695 3 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 695 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 695 5 103T. 103t. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 3 S0012 S0012 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 5 8252(03)00082 8252(03)00082 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 696 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 7 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 9 2007.CS1 2007.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 10 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 12 unfit unfit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 13 url url NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 15 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 17 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 18 Brusatte Brusatte NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 19 SL SL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 21 Benton Benton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 22 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 24 Ruta Ruta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 25 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 27 Lloyd Lloyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 28 GT GT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 30 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 31 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 697 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 2 Superiority superiority NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 4 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 7 opportunism opportunism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 11 radiation radiation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 13 dinosaurs dinosaur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 698 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 699 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 699 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 700 1 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 700 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 700 3 5895 5895 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 700 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 700 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 700 6 1485–8 1485–8 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 700 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 701 1 Bibcode:2008Sci bibcode:2008sci LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 701 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 701 3 321.1485B. 321.1485b. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 702 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 702 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 702 3 science.1161833 science.1161833 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 702 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 703 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 703 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 703 3 18787166 18787166 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 703 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 704 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 704 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 704 3 13393888 13393888 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 704 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 705 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 705 2 Gauthier Gauthier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 705 3 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 705 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 705 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 705 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 705 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 2 Saurischian saurischian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 3 monophyly monophyly NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 6 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 8 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 706 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 2 Padian padian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 3 K k NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 707 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 2 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 4 Birds Birds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 7 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 9 Flight Flight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 708 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 1 Memoirs memoir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 4 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 709 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 710 1 8 8 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 710 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 1 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 2 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 4 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 711 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 712 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 712 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 713 1 1–55 1–55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 713 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 714 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 714 2 Sereno Sereno NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 714 3 PC PC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 714 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 714 5 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 714 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 714 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 2 Basal Basal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 3 archosaurs archosaur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 5 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 6 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 8 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 9 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 715 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 1 Memoirs memoir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 6 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 7 Paleontology Paleontology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 716 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 717 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 717 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 717 3 1–53 1–53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 717 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 718 1 doi:10.2307/3889336 doi:10.2307/3889336 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 718 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 719 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 719 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 719 3 3889336 3889336 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 719 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 2 MacLeod MacLeod NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 3 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 5 Rawson Rawson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 6 PF PF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 8 Forey Forey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 9 PL PL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 11 Banner Banner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 12 FT FT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 14 Boudagher Boudagher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 16 Fadel Fadel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 17 MK MK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 19 Bown Bown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 20 PR PR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 22 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 23 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 720 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 721 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 721 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 721 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 721 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 3 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 5 Tertiary tertiary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 6 biotic biotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 7 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 722 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 723 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 723 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 723 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 723 4 Geological Geological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 723 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 723 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 724 1 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 724 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 724 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 724 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 724 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 724 6 265–292 265–292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 724 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 725 1 Bibcode:1997JGSoc.154 Bibcode:1997JGSoc.154 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 725 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 725 3 265M. 265m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 726 1 doi:10.1144 doi:10.1144 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 726 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 726 3 gsjgs.154.2.0265 gsjgs.154.2.0265 JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 726 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 727 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 727 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 727 3 129654916 129654916 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 727 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 2 Hunt Hunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 3 DM DM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 5 Hankins Hankins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 6 MW MW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 8 Collin Collin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 9 SP SP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 11 Marshall Marshall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 12 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 728 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 1 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 3 Visual Visual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 5 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 7 visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 8 Pigments pigment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 729 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 730 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 730 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 730 3 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 730 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 731 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 731 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 731 3 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 731 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 7 4614 4614 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 9 4354 4354 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 732 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 733 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 733 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 733 3 892735337 892735337 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 733 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 734 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 734 2 Bakalar Bakalar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 734 3 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 734 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 734 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 734 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 734 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 2 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 4 Beaver Beaver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 6 Found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 8 Rewrites rewrite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 11 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 735 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 736 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 736 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 736 3 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 736 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 737 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 737 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 737 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 737 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 737 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 2 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 3 MI MI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 5 Kamilar Kamilar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 6 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 8 Kirk Kirk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 9 EC EC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 11 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 738 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 2 Eye eye NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 3 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 6 nocturnal nocturnal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 7 bottleneck bottleneck NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 739 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 4 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 8 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 9 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 740 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 741 1 279 279 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 741 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 741 3 1749 1749 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 741 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 741 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 741 6 4962–8 4962–8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 741 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 742 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 742 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 742 3 rspb.2012.2258 rspb.2012.2258 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 742 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 743 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 743 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 743 3 3497252 3497252 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 743 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 744 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 744 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 744 3 23097513 23097513 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 744 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 2 Luo Luo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 3 ZX ZX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 5 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 745 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 2 Transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 4 diversification diversification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 7 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 8 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 746 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 747 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 747 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 748 1 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 748 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 748 3 7172 7172 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 748 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 748 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 748 6 1011–9 1011–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 748 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 749 1 Bibcode:2007Natur.450.1011L. Bibcode:2007Natur.450.1011L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 750 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 750 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 750 3 nature06277 nature06277 UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 750 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 751 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 751 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 751 3 18075580 18075580 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 751 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 752 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 752 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 752 3 4317817 4317817 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 752 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 753 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 753 2 Pickrell Pickrell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 753 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 753 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 753 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 753 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 753 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 2 Oldest Oldest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 3 Marsupial Marsupial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 4 Fossil Fossil NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 5 Found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 7 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 754 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 755 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 755 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 755 3 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 755 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 756 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 756 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 756 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 756 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 756 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 4 Luo Luo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 5 ZX ZX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 7 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 8 CX CX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 10 Meng Meng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 11 QJ QJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 13 Ji Ji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 14 Q Q NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 16 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 17 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 757 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 3 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 4 eutherian eutherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 5 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 7 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 9 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 11 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 758 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 759 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 759 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 760 1 476 476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 760 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 760 3 7361 7361 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 760 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 760 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 760 6 442–5 442–5 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 760 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 761 1 Bibcode:2011Natur.476 Bibcode:2011Natur.476 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 761 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 761 3 442L. 442l. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 762 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 762 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 762 3 nature10291 nature10291 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 762 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 763 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 763 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 763 3 21866158 21866158 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 763 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 764 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 764 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 764 3 205225806 205225806 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 764 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 2 Ji Ji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 3 Q Q NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 5 Luo Luo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 6 ZX ZX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 8 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 9 CX CX NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 11 Wible Wible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 12 JR JR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 14 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 15 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 17 Georgi Georgi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 18 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 21 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 765 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 3 earliest early RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 5 eutherian eutherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 6 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 766 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 767 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 767 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 768 1 416 416 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 768 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 768 3 6883 6883 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 768 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 768 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 768 6 816–22 816–22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 768 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 769 1 Bibcode:2002Natur.416 bibcode:2002natur.416 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 769 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 769 3 816J. 816j. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 770 1 doi:10.1038/416816a doi:10.1038/416816a NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 770 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 771 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 771 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 771 3 11976675 11976675 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 771 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 772 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 772 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 772 3 4330626 4330626 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 772 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 2 Novacek Novacek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 3 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 5 Rougier Rougier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 6 GW GW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 8 Wible Wible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 9 JR JR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 11 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 12 MC MC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 14 Dashzeveg Dashzeveg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 15 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 17 Horovitz Horovitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 18 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 20 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 21 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 773 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 2 Epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 3 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 5 eutherian eutherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 10 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 12 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 774 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 775 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 775 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 776 1 389 389 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 776 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 776 3 6650 6650 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 776 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 776 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 776 6 483–6 483–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 776 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 777 1 Bibcode:1997Natur.389 Bibcode:1997Natur.389 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 777 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 777 3 483N. 483n. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 778 1 doi:10.1038/39020 doi:10.1038/39020 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 778 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 779 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 779 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 779 3 9333234 9333234 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 779 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 780 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 780 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 780 3 205026882 205026882 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 780 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 2 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 3 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 5 Schulkin Schulkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 781 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 2 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 4 Live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 5 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 7 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 782 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 783 1 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 783 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 783 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 783 4 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 783 5 Placenta Placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 783 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 784 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 784 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 784 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 784 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 784 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 784 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 784 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 785 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 785 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 785 3 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 785 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 7 4214 4214 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 9 0643 0643 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 786 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 2 Rowe Rowe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 5 Rich Rich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 6 TH TH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 8 Vickers Vickers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 10 Rich Rich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 11 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 13 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 14 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 16 Woodburne Woodburne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 17 MO MO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 19 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 20 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 787 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 3 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 4 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 7 bearing bearing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 9 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 10 timing timing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 13 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 15 echidna echidna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 16 clades clade NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 788 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 789 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 790 1 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 790 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 790 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 790 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 790 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 790 6 1238–42 1238–42 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 790 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 791 1 Bibcode:2008PNAS Bibcode:2008PNAS NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 791 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 791 3 105.1238R. 105.1238R. VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 792 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 792 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 792 3 pnas.0706385105 pnas.0706385105 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 792 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 793 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 793 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 793 3 2234122 2234122 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 793 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 794 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 794 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 794 3 18216270 18216270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 794 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 795 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 795 2 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 795 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 795 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 795 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 795 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 795 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 796 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 796 2 Reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 796 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 796 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 797 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 797 2 Platypus Platypus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 797 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 797 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 797 5 Unique Unique NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 797 6 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 797 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 1 Sydney Sydney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 6 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 7 Wales Wales NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 798 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 799 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 799 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 799 3 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 799 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 7 86840 86840 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 9 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 800 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 801 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 801 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 801 3 33842474 33842474 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 801 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 2 Goldman Goldman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 3 AS as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 802 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 2 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 4 immune immune JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 5 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 8 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 9 gland gland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 11 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 14 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 803 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 804 1 Breastfeeding breastfeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 804 2 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 804 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 805 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 805 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 805 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 805 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 805 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 805 6 132–42 132–42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 805 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 806 1 doi:10.1089 doi:10.1089 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 806 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 806 3 bfm.2012.0025 bfm.2012.0025 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 806 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 807 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 807 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 807 3 22577734 22577734 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 807 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 4 Rose Rose NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 5 KD KD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 808 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 2 Beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 5 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 7 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 809 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 810 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 810 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 810 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 810 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 810 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 810 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 810 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 811 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 811 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 812 1 82–83 82–83 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 812 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 7 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 9 8472 8472 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 813 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 814 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 814 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 814 3 646769601 646769601 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 814 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 815 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 815 2 Brink Brink NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 815 3 AS AS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 815 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 815 5 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 815 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 815 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 6 skeleton skeleton NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 8 Diademodon Diademodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 816 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 817 1 Palaeontologia Palaeontologia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 817 2 Africana Africana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 817 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 818 1 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 818 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 818 3 3–39 3–39 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 818 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 819 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 819 2 Kemp Kemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 819 3 TS TS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 819 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 819 5 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 819 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 819 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 1 Mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 3 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 4 reptiles reptile NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 7 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 820 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 821 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 821 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 821 3 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 821 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 821 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 822 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 822 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 822 3 363 363 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 822 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 9 404120 404120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 823 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 824 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 824 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 824 3 8613180 8613180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 824 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 825 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 825 2 Estes este VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 825 3 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 825 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 825 5 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 825 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 825 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 2 Cranial cranial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 3 anatomy anatomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 6 cynodont cynodont JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 7 reptile reptile NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 8 Thrinaxodon Thrinaxodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 9 liorhinus liorhinus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 826 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 1 Bulletin bulletin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 4 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 6 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 7 Zoology Zoology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 9 1253 1253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 12 165–180 165–180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 827 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 3 Thrinaxodon thrinaxodon NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 6 Emerging Emerging NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 7 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 828 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 829 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 829 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 829 3 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 829 4 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 829 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 830 1 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 830 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 830 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 830 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 830 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 831 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 831 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 831 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 831 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 831 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 831 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 4 Bajdek Bajdek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 5 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 7 Qvarnström Qvarnström NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 8 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 10 Owocki Owocki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 11 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 12 , , . en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 13 Sulej Sulej NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 14 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 16 Sennikov Sennikov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 17 AG AG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 19 Golubev Golubev NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 20 VK VK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 22 Niedźwiedzki Niedźwiedzki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 23 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 25 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 832 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 2 Microbiota Microbiota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 4 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 5 residues residue NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 6 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 7 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 8 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 10 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 12 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 13 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 15 Upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 16 Permian permian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 17 coprolites coprolite NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 19 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 833 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 834 1 Lethaia Lethaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 834 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 835 1 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 835 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 835 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 835 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 835 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 835 6 455–477 455–477 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 835 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 836 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 836 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 836 3 let.12156 let.12156 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 836 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 2 Botha Botha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 4 Brink Brink NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 5 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 7 Angielczyk Angielczyk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 8 KD KD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 10 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 837 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 2 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 3 extraordinarily extraordinarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 4 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 6 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 8 Permo Permo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 10 Triassic Triassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 11 dicynodonts dicynodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 13 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 15 Anomodontia Anomodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 17 explain explain VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 19 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 20 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 22 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 24 end end JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 26 Permian permian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 27 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 28 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 838 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 839 1 Zoological Zoological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 839 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 839 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 839 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 839 5 Linnean Linnean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 839 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 839 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 840 1 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 840 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 840 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 840 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 840 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 840 6 341–365 341–365 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 840 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 841 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 841 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 841 3 j.1096 j.1096 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 841 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 841 5 3642.2009.00601.x 3642.2009.00601.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 841 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 842 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 842 2 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 842 3 GS GS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 842 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 842 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 842 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 842 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 843 1 Predatory Predatory NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 843 2 Dinosaurs Dinosaurs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 843 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 843 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 843 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 843 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 844 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 844 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 844 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 844 4 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 844 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 844 6 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 844 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 845 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 845 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 845 3 464 464 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 845 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 7 671 671 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 9 61946 61946 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 846 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 847 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 847 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 847 3 18350868 18350868 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 847 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 2 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 3 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 5 Graves Graves NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 6 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 8 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 848 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 2 Monotreme Monotreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 3 Cell Cell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 5 Cycles Cycles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 8 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 10 Homeothermy Homeothermy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 849 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 850 1 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 850 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 850 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 850 4 Zoology Zoology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 850 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 851 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 851 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 851 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 851 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 851 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 851 6 573–584 573–584 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 851 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 852 1 doi:10.1071 doi:10.1071 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 852 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 852 3 ZO9880573 ZO9880573 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 852 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 853 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 853 2 McNab McNab NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 853 3 BK BK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 853 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 853 5 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 853 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 853 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 2 Energetics energetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 5 limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 8 temperate temperate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 9 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 11 armadillos armadillos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 854 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 855 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 855 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 855 3 Mammalogy Mammalogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 855 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 856 1 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 856 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 856 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 856 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 856 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 856 6 606–627 606–627 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 856 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 857 1 doi:10.2307/1380307 doi:10.2307/1380307 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 857 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 858 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 858 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 858 3 1380307 1380307 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 858 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 2 Kielan Kielan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 4 Jaworowska Jaworowska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 5 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 7 Hurum Hurum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 8 JH JH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 10 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 859 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 2 Limb limb NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 3 posture posture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 7 : : . en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 8 Sprawling sprawl VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 10 parasagittal parasagittal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 860 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 861 1 Acta Acta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 861 2 Palaeontologica Palaeontologica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 861 3 Polonica Polonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 861 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 862 1 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 862 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 862 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 862 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 862 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 862 6 10237–10239 10237–10239 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 862 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 2 Lillegraven Lillegraven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 3 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 5 Kielan Kielan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 7 Jaworowska Jaworowska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 8 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 10 Clemens Clemens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 11 WA WA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 13 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 863 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 1 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 2 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 5 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 6 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 8 Thirds Thirds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 10 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 11 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 864 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 865 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 865 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 865 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 865 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 865 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 866 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 866 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 866 3 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 866 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 9 03951 03951 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 867 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 868 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 868 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 868 3 5910695 5910695 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 868 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 2 Oftedal Oftedal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 3 OT OT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 5 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 869 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 3 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 4 gland gland NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 7 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 9 synapsid synapsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 10 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 870 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 3 Mammary Mammary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 4 Gland Gland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 7 Neoplasia Neoplasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 871 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 872 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 872 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 872 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 872 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 872 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 872 6 225–52 225–52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 872 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 873 1 doi:10.1023 doi:10.1023 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 873 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 873 3 A:1022896515287 A:1022896515287 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 873 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 874 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 874 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 874 3 12751889 12751889 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 874 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 875 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 875 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 875 3 25806501 25806501 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 875 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 2 Oftedal Oftedal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 3 OT OT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 5 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 876 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 3 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 5 lactation lactation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 8 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 9 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 11 parchment parchment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 13 shelled shell VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 14 eggs egg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 877 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 3 Mammary Mammary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 4 Gland Gland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 7 Neoplasia Neoplasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 878 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 879 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 879 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 879 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 879 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 879 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 879 6 253–66 253–66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 879 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 880 1 doi:10.1023 doi:10.1023 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 880 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 880 3 A:1022848632125 a:1022848632125 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 880 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 881 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 881 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 881 3 12751890 12751890 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 881 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 882 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 882 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 882 3 8319185 8319185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 882 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 4 Sahney Sahney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 5 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 7 Benton Benton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 8 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 10 Ferry Ferry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 11 PA PA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 13 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 14 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 883 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 2 Links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 4 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 5 taxonomic taxonomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 6 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 8 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 9 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 12 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 14 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 884 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 885 1 Biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 885 2 Letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 885 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 886 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 886 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 886 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 886 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 886 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 886 6 544–7 544–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 886 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 887 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 887 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 887 3 rsbl.2009.1024 rsbl.2009.1024 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 887 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 888 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 888 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 888 3 2936204 2936204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 888 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 889 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 889 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 889 3 20106856 20106856 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 889 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 2 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 3 FA FA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 5 Boyer Boyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 6 AG AG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 8 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 9 JH JH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 11 Costa Costa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 12 DP DP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 14 Dayan Dayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 15 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 17 Ernest Ernest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 18 SK SK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 20 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 21 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 890 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 891 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 891 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 891 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 891 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 891 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 3 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 5 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 6 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 7 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 9 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 10 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 892 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 893 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 893 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 894 1 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 894 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 894 3 6008 6008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 894 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 894 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 894 6 1216–9 1216–9 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 894 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 895 1 Bibcode:2010Sci bibcode:2010sci UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 895 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 895 3 330.1216S. 330.1216s. XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 3 10.1.1.383.8581 10.1.1.383.8581 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 5 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 7 science.1194830 science.1194830 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 896 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 897 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 897 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 897 3 21109666 21109666 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 897 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 898 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 898 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 898 3 17272200 17272200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 898 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 2 Simmons Simmons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 3 NB NB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 5 Seymour Seymour NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 6 KL KL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 8 Habersetzer Habersetzer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 9 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 11 Gunnell Gunnell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 12 GF GF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 14 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 15 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 899 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 2 Primitive primitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 3 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 4 Eocene eocene JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 5 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 7 Wyoming Wyoming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 10 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 12 flight flight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 14 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 900 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 901 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 901 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 902 1 451 451 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 902 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 902 3 7180 7180 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 902 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 902 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 902 6 818–21 818–21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 902 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 903 1 Bibcode:2008Natur.451 bibcode:2008natur.451 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 903 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 903 3 818S. 818s. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 904 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 904 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 904 3 nature06549 nature06549 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 904 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 905 1 hdl:2027.42/62816 hdl:2027.42/62816 FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 905 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 906 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 906 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 906 3 18270539 18270539 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 906 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 907 1 S2CID s2cid UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 907 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 907 3 4356708 4356708 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 907 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 2 Bininda Bininda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 4 Emonds Emonds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 5 OR or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 7 Cardillo Cardillo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 8 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 10 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 11 KE KE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 13 MacPhee MacPhee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 14 RD RD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 16 Beck Beck NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 17 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 19 Grenyer Grenyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 20 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 22 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 23 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 908 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 909 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 909 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 909 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 909 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 909 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 3 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 4 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 6 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 8 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 910 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 911 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 911 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 912 1 446 446 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 912 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 912 3 7135 7135 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 912 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 912 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 912 6 507–12 507–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 912 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 913 1 Bibcode:2007Natur.446 Bibcode:2007Natur.446 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 913 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 913 3 507B. 507b. JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 914 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 914 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 914 3 nature05634 nature05634 UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 914 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 915 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 915 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 915 3 17392779 17392779 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 915 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 916 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 916 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 916 3 4314965 4314965 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 916 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 4 Wible Wible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 5 JR JR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 7 Rougier Rougier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 8 GW GW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 10 Novacek Novacek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 11 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 13 Asher Asher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 14 RJ RJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 16 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 17 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 917 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 2 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 3 eutherians eutherian NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 5 Laurasian laurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 6 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 8 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 10 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 12 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 14 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 15 boundary boundary NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 918 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 919 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 919 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 920 1 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 920 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 920 3 7147 7147 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 920 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 920 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 920 6 1003–6 1003–6 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 920 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 921 1 Bibcode:2007Natur.447.1003W. Bibcode:2007Natur.447.1003W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 922 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 922 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 922 3 nature05854 nature05854 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 922 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 923 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 923 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 923 3 17581585 17581585 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 923 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 924 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 924 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 924 3 4334424 4334424 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 924 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 2 O'Leary O'Leary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 5 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 6 JI JI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 8 Flynn Flynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 9 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 11 Gaudin Gaudin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 12 TJ TJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 14 Giallombardo Giallombardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 15 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 17 Giannini Giannini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 18 NP NP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 20 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 21 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 925 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 926 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 926 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 926 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 926 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 926 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 3 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 4 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 5 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 8 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 10 K k JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 12 Pg Pg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 13 radiation radiation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 15 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 927 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 928 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 928 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 929 1 339 339 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 929 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 929 3 6120 6120 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 929 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 929 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 929 6 662–7 662–7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 929 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 930 1 Bibcode:2013Sci Bibcode:2013Sci NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 930 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 930 3 339 339 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 930 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 930 5 662O. 662o. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 931 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 931 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 931 3 science.1229237 science.1229237 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 931 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 932 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 932 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 932 3 23393258 23393258 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 932 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 933 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 933 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 933 3 206544776 206544776 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 933 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 2 Halliday Halliday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 3 TJ TJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 5 Upchurch Upchurch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 6 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 8 Goswami Goswami NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 11 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 12 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 934 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 2 Resolving resolve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 4 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 6 Paleocene Paleocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 7 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 935 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 1 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 2 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 6 Philosophical Philosophical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 7 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 936 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 937 1 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 937 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 937 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 937 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 937 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 937 6 521–550 521–550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 937 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 938 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 938 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 938 3 brv.12242 brv.12242 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 938 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 939 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 939 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 939 3 6849585 6849585 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 939 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 940 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 940 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 940 3 28075073 28075073 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 940 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 2 Halliday Halliday NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 3 TJ TJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 5 Upchurch Upchurch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 6 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 8 Goswami Goswami NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 9 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 11 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 12 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 941 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 2 Eutherians Eutherians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 3 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 4 elevated elevated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 5 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 6 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 9 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 10 aftermath aftermath NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 13 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 15 Palaeogene Palaeogene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 16 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 17 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 942 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 943 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 943 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 944 1 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 944 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 944 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 1 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 3 1833 1833 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 6 20153026 20153026 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 8 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 10 rspb.2015.3026 rspb.2015.3026 VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 945 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 946 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 946 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 946 3 4936024 4936024 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 946 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 947 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 947 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 947 3 27358361 27358361 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 947 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 5 Ni Ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 6 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 8 Gebo Gebo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 9 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 11 Dagosto Dagosto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 12 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 14 Meng Meng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 15 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 17 Tafforeau Tafforeau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 18 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 20 Flynn Flynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 21 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 23 Beard Beard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 24 KC KC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 26 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 27 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 948 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 3 oldest oldest RBS en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 5 primate primate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 6 skeleton skeleton NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 9 haplorhine haplorhine NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 10 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 949 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 950 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 950 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 951 1 498 498 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 951 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 951 3 7452 7452 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 951 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 951 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 951 6 60–4 60–4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 951 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 952 1 Bibcode:2013Natur.498 bibcode:2013natur.498 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 952 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 952 3 60N. 60n. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 953 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 953 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 953 3 nature12200 nature12200 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 953 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 954 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 954 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 954 3 23739424 23739424 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 954 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 955 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 955 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 955 3 4321956 4321956 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 955 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 2 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 3 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 5 Parsons Parsons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 6 TS TS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 8 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 956 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 957 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 957 2 Vertebrate vertebrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 957 3 Body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 957 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 958 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 958 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 958 3 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 958 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 958 5 Saunders Saunders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 958 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 958 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 959 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 959 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 960 1 129–145 129–145 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 960 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 7 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 9 910284 910284 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 961 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 962 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 962 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 962 3 60007175 60007175 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 962 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 2 Purves Purves NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 3 WK WK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 5 Sadava Sadava NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 6 DE DE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 8 Orians Orians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 9 GH GH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 11 Helle Helle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 12 HC HC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 14 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 963 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 1 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 4 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 6 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 8 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 964 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 4 Sinauer Sinauer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 5 Associates Associates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 7 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 10 593 593 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 965 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 7 7167 7167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 9 3873 3873 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 966 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 967 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 967 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 967 3 874883911 874883911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 967 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 2 Anthwal Anthwal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 3 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 5 Joshi Joshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 6 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 8 Tucker Tucker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 9 AS as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 11 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 12 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 968 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 2 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 5 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 6 middle middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 7 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 9 jaw jaw NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 11 adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 13 novel novel JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 14 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 969 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 970 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 970 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 970 3 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 970 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 971 1 222 222 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 971 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 971 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 971 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 971 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 971 6 147–60 147–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 971 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 972 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 972 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 972 3 j.1469 j.1469 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 972 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 972 5 7580.2012.01526.x 7580.2012.01526.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 972 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 973 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 973 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 973 3 3552421 3552421 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 973 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 974 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 974 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 974 3 22686855 22686855 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 974 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 3 Nievelt Nievelt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 4 AF AF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 6 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 7 KK KK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 9 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 975 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 2 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 3 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 7 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 10 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 12 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 13 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 14 tooth tooth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 15 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 17 marsupial marsupial NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 19 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 20 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 976 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 977 1 Paleobiology paleobiology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 977 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 978 1 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 978 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 978 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 978 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 978 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 978 6 324–346 324–346 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 978 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 979 1 doi:10.1666/0094 doi:10.1666/0094 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 979 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1591 979 3 8373(2005)031[0324 8373(2005)031[0324 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 979 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 979 5 trontr]2.0.co;2 trontr]2.0.co;2 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 979 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 2 Libertini Libertini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 4 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 6 Ferrara Ferrara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 8 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 10 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 980 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 2 Aging age VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 4 perennial perennial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 5 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 7 organ organ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 8 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 9 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 12 programmed program VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 13 aging age VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 14 paradigm paradigm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 981 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 982 1 AGE age NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 982 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 1 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 3 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 6 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 8 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 10 s11357 s11357 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 12 016 016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 14 9895 9895 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 983 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 984 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 984 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 984 3 5005898 5005898 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 984 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 985 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 985 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 985 3 26957493 26957493 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 985 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 2 Mao Mao NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 3 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 5 Wang Wang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 6 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 8 Meng Meng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 9 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 986 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 3 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 4 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 6 Tooth Tooth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 7 Enamel Enamel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 8 Microstructures Microstructures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 10 Lambdopsalis lambdopsalis JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 11 bulla bulla NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 13 Multituberculate Multituberculate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 15 Mammalia)--Implications mammalia)--implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 17 Multituberculate Multituberculate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 18 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 20 Phylogeny Phylogeny NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 987 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 988 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 988 2 ONE one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 988 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 989 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 989 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 989 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 989 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 989 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 989 6 e0128243 e0128243 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 989 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 990 1 Bibcode:2015PLoSO Bibcode:2015PLoSO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 990 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 990 3 1028243M. 1028243m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 991 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 991 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 991 3 journal.pone.0128243 journal.pone.0128243 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 991 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 992 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 992 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 992 3 4447277 4447277 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 992 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 993 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 993 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 993 3 26020958 26020958 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 993 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 994 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 994 2 Osborn Osborn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 994 3 HF HF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 994 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 994 5 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 994 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 994 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 2 Origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 5 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 7 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 995 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 1 Occipital occipital JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 2 Condyles condyle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 4 Reptilian reptilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 5 Tripartite Tripartite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 6 Type Type NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 996 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 997 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 997 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 997 3 Naturalist Naturalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 997 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 998 1 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 998 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 998 3 408 408 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 998 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 998 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 998 6 943–947 943–947 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 998 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 999 1 doi:10.1086/277821 doi:10.1086/277821 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 999 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1000 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1000 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1000 3 2453526 2453526 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1000 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 2 Crompton Crompton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 3 AW AW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 5 Jenkins Jenkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 6 Jr Jr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 7 FA FA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 9 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1001 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 2 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 4 Reptiles Reptiles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 7 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 9 Mammalian Mammalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 10 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1002 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 1 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 4 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 6 Planetary Planetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1003 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1004 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1004 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1004 3 131–155 131–155 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1004 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1005 1 Bibcode:1973AREPS Bibcode:1973AREPS NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1005 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1005 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1005 4 .. .. . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1005 5 131C. 131c. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1006 1 doi:10.1146 doi:10.1146 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1006 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1006 3 annurev.ea.01.050173.001023 annurev.ea.01.050173.001023 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1006 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 4 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 5 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 7 Schulkin Schulkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 8 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 10 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1007 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1008 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1008 2 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1008 3 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1008 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1008 5 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1008 6 Placenta Placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1008 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1009 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1009 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1009 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1009 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1009 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1009 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1009 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1010 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1010 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1011 1 1890–1891 1890–1891 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1011 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 7 4214 4214 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 9 0643 0643 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1012 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1013 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1013 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1013 3 940749490 940749490 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1013 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 2 Lindenfors Lindenfors NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 4 Patrik Patrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 6 Gittleman Gittleman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 8 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 9 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 11 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 13 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 15 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 19 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 20 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 21 dimorphism dimorphism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 23 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 26 Sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 28 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 30 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 31 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 33 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1014 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 1 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 2 s. s. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 3 16–26 16–26 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 5 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 7 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 11 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 13 920878 920878 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 14 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 15 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 17 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 18 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 19 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 20 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 21 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 22 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 24 Dierauf Dierauf NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 25 LA LA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 27 Gulland Gulland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 28 FM FM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 30 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1015 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 1 CRC CRC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 4 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 5 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 6 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 8 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 10 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 13 Rehabilitation rehabilitation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 15 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 16 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1016 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1017 1 Boca Boca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1017 2 Raton Raton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1017 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1017 4 CRC CRC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1017 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1017 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1018 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1018 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1018 3 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1018 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 7 4200 4200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 9 4163 4163 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1019 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1020 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1020 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1020 3 166505919 166505919 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1020 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 2 Lui Lui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 3 JH JH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 5 Hansen Hansen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 6 DV DV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 8 Kriegstein Kriegstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 9 AR AR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 11 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1021 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 2 Development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 4 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 7 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 8 neocortex neocortex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1022 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1023 1 Cell cell NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1023 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1024 1 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1024 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1024 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1024 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1024 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1024 6 18–36 18–36 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1024 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1025 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1025 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1025 3 j.cell.2011.06.030 j.cell.2011.06.030 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1025 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1026 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1026 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1026 3 3610574 3610574 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1026 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1027 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1027 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1027 3 21729779 21729779 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1027 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 2 Keeler Keeler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 3 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 6 1933 1933 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1028 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 2 Absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 5 Corpus Corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 6 Callosum Callosum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 9 Mendelizing Mendelizing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 10 Character Character NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 13 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 14 Mouse Mouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1029 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1030 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1031 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1031 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1031 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1031 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1031 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1031 6 609–11 609–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1031 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1032 1 Bibcode:1933PNAS bibcode:1933pnas ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1032 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1032 3 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1032 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1032 5 609K. 609k. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1033 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1033 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1033 3 pnas.19.6.609 pnas.19.6.609 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1033 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1034 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1034 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1034 3 86284 86284 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1034 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1035 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1035 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1035 3 1086100 1086100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1035 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1036 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1036 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1036 3 16587795 16587795 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1036 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1037 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1037 2 Levitzky Levitzky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1037 3 MG MG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1037 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1037 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1037 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1037 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1038 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1038 2 Mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1038 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1038 4 Breathing Breathing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1038 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1038 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 1 Pulmonary pulmonary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 2 physiology physiology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 4 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1039 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 4 McGraw McGraw NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 6 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 7 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1040 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 7 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 9 179313 179313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1041 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1042 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1042 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1042 3 940633137 940633137 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1042 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 4 Umesh Umesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 5 KB KB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 7 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1043 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1044 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1044 2 Pulmonary Pulmonary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1044 3 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1044 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1044 5 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1044 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1044 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 3 Mechanical Mechanical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 4 Ventilation Ventilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1045 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 2 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 4 Jaypee Jaypee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 5 Brothers Brothers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 6 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 7 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1046 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1047 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1047 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1047 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1047 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 5 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 7 80704 80704 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 9 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1048 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1049 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1049 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1049 3 945076700 945076700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1049 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 2 Standring Standring NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 5 Borley Borley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 6 NR NR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1050 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 1 Gray Gray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 3 anatomy anatomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 6 anatomical anatomical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 7 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 9 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 10 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 12 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 13 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1051 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1052 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1052 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1052 3 Churchill Churchill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1052 4 Livingstone Livingstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1052 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1053 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1053 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1054 1 960–962 960–962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1054 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 7 8089 8089 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 9 2371 2371 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1055 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1056 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1056 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1056 3 213447727 213447727 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1056 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 2 Betts Betts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 3 JG JG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 5 Desaix Desaix NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 6 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 8 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 9 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 11 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 12 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 14 Korol Korol NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 15 O O NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 17 Kruse Kruse NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 18 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 20 Poe Poe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 21 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 23 Wise Wise NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 24 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 26 Womble Womble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 27 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 29 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 30 KA KA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 32 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1057 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1058 1 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1058 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1058 3 physiology physiology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1058 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1059 1 Houston Houston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1059 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1059 3 Rice Rice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1059 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1059 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1059 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1060 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1060 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1061 1 787–846 787–846 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1061 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 7 938168 938168 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 9 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1062 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1063 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1063 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1063 3 898069394 898069394 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1063 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 10 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 11 Feldhamer Feldhamer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 12 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 14 Drickamer Drickamer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 15 LC LC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 17 Vessey Vessey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 18 SH SH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 20 Merritt Merritt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 21 JH JH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 23 Krajewski Krajewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 24 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 26 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1064 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 1 Mammalogy mammalogy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 3 Adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 5 Diversity Diversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 7 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1065 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1066 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1066 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1066 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1066 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1066 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1066 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1066 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 7 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 9 8695 8695 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1067 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1068 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1068 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1068 3 124031907 124031907 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1068 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1069 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1069 2 Tinker Tinker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1069 3 SW SW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1069 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1069 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1069 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1069 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1070 1 Whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1070 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1070 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1070 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1070 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1071 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1071 2 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1071 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1072 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1072 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1072 3 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1072 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 7 935848 935848 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 9 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1073 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1074 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1074 2 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1074 3 AS AS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1074 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1074 5 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1074 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1074 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 2 vertebrate vertebrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 3 story story NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 6 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1075 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1076 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1076 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1076 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1076 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1076 5 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1076 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1076 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 9 72490 72490 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1077 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 3 Muizon Muizon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 4 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 6 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 8 Badré Badré NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 9 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 11 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1078 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 2 Carnivorous carnivorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 3 dental dental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 4 adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 6 tribosphenic tribosphenic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 9 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 10 reconstruction reconstruction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1079 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1080 1 Lethaia Lethaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1080 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1081 1 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1081 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1081 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1081 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1081 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1081 6 353–366 353–366 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1081 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1082 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1082 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1082 3 j.1502 j.1502 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1082 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1082 5 3931.1997.tb00481.x 3931.1997.tb00481.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1082 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 4 Langer Langer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 5 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 8 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1083 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 2 Comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 3 anatomy anatomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 6 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 8 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 9 herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1084 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1085 1 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1085 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1085 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1085 4 Experimental Experimental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1085 5 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1085 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1086 1 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1086 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1086 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1086 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1086 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1086 6 615–25 615–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1086 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1087 1 doi:10.1113 doi:10.1113 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1087 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1087 3 expphysiol.1984.sp002848 expphysiol.1984.sp002848 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1087 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1088 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1088 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1088 3 6473699 6473699 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1088 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 2 Vaughan Vaughan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 3 TA TA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 5 Ryan Ryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 6 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 8 Czaplewski Czaplewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 9 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1089 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1090 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1090 2 Perissodactyla Perissodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1090 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1090 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1091 1 Mammalogy Mammalogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1091 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1091 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1091 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1091 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1091 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1091 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1092 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1092 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1092 3 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1092 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1093 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1093 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1093 3 322 322 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1093 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 7 7637 7637 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 9 6299 6299 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1094 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1095 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1095 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1095 3 437300511 437300511 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1095 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 2 Flower Flower NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 3 WH WH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 5 Lydekker Lydekker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 6 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 8 1946 1946 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1096 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 2 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 5 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 7 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 8 Living Living NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 10 Extinct Extinct NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1097 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1098 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1098 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1098 3 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1098 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1098 5 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1098 6 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1098 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1099 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1099 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1099 3 496 496 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1099 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 7 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 9 76857 76857 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1100 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1101 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1101 2 Sreekumar Sreekumar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1101 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1101 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1101 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1101 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1101 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1102 1 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1102 2 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1102 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1103 1 PHI PHI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1103 2 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1103 3 Pvt Pvt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1103 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1104 1 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1104 2 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1104 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1105 1 180–181 180–181 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 7 203 203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 9 4107 4107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1106 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1107 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1107 2 Cheifetz Cheifetz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1107 3 AS as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1107 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1107 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1107 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1107 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 3 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 5 Gastroenterology Gastroenterology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 7 Hepatology Hepatology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1108 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 7 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1109 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1110 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1110 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1110 3 165 165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1110 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 9 983012 983012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1111 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1112 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1112 2 Kuntz Kuntz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1112 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1112 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1112 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1112 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1112 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1113 1 Hepatology hepatology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1113 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1113 3 Textbook Textbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1113 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1113 5 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1113 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1114 1 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1114 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1114 3 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1114 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1115 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1115 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1115 3 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1115 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 7 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 9 76838 76838 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1116 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 2 Ortiz Ortiz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 3 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1117 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1118 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1118 2 Osmoregulation osmoregulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1118 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1118 4 marine marine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1118 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1118 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1118 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1119 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1119 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1119 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1119 4 Experimental Experimental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1119 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1119 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 1 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 3 Pt Pt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 4 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 7 1831–44 1831–44 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1120 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1121 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1121 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1121 3 11441026 11441026 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1121 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 5 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 6 AS AS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 8 Parsons Parsons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 9 TS TS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 11 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1122 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1123 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1123 2 Vertebrate vertebrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1123 3 Body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1123 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1124 1 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1124 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1124 3 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1124 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1124 5 Saunders Saunders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1124 6 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1124 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1125 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1125 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1126 1 396–399 396–399 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1126 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 7 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 9 910284 910284 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1127 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 2 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 3 Reviews Reviews NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 6 Journals Journals NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 8 Dawkins Dawkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 9 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 11 Wong Wong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 12 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 14 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1128 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 2 Ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 4 Tale tale NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 7 Pilgrimage pilgrimage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 10 Dawn Dawn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 12 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 14 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 15 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1129 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1130 1 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1130 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1130 3 Mariner Mariner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1130 4 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1130 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1131 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1131 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1131 3 281 281 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1131 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 7 544 544 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 9 85993 85993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1132 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 5 Fitch Fitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 6 WT WT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 8 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1133 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 2 Production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 4 Vocalizations vocalization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 6 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1134 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1135 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1136 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1136 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1136 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1136 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1136 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1136 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1137 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1137 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1137 3 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1137 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1138 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1138 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1139 1 115–121 115–121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1139 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 2 Langevin Langevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 3 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 5 Barclay Barclay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 6 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 8 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1140 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1141 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1141 2 Hypsignathus Hypsignathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1141 3 monstrosus monstrosus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1141 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1141 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1142 1 Mammalian Mammalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1142 2 Species Species NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1142 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1143 1 357 357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1143 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1143 3 357 357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1143 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1143 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1143 6 1–4 1–4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1143 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1144 1 doi:10.2307/3504110 doi:10.2307/3504110 FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1144 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1145 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1145 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1145 3 3504110 3504110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1145 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 2 Weissengruber Weissengruber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 3 GE GE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 5 Forstenpointner Forstenpointner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 8 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 9 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 11 Kübber Kübber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 13 Heiss Heiss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 14 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 16 Fitch Fitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 17 WT WT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 19 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 20 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1146 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 2 Hyoid hyoid NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 3 apparatus apparatus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 5 pharynx pharynx NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 8 lion lion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 10 Panthera Panthera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 11 leo leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 14 jaguar jaguar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 16 Panthera Panthera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 17 onca onca VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 20 tiger tiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 22 Panthera Panthera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 23 tigris tigris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 26 cheetah cheetah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 28 Acinonyxjubatus Acinonyxjubatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 31 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 32 cat cat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 34 Felis Felis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 35 silvestris silvestris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 36 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 37 catus catus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1147 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1148 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1148 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1148 3 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1148 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1149 1 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1149 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1149 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1149 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1149 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1149 6 195–209 195–209 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1149 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1150 1 doi:10.1046 doi:10.1046 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1150 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1150 3 j.1469 j.1469 $ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1150 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1150 5 7580.2002.00088.x 7580.2002.00088.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1150 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1151 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1151 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1151 3 1570911 1570911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1151 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1152 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1152 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1152 3 12363272 12363272 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1152 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 2 Stoeger Stoeger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 3 AS AS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 5 Heilmann Heilmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 8 Zeppelzauer Zeppelzauer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 11 Ganswindt Ganswindt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 12 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 14 Hensman Hensman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 15 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 17 Charlton Charlton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 18 BD BD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 20 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1153 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 2 Visualizing visualize VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 3 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 4 emission emission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 6 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 7 vocalizations vocalization NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 9 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 12 rumble rumble JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 13 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 14 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1154 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1155 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1155 2 ONE one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1155 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1156 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1156 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1156 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1156 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1156 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1156 6 e48907 e48907 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1156 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1157 1 Bibcode:2012PLoSO bibcode:2012ploso NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1157 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1157 3 748907S. 748907s. XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 1158 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1158 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1158 3 journal.pone.0048907 journal.pone.0048907 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1158 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1159 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1159 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1159 3 3498347 3498347 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1159 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1160 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1160 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1160 3 23155427 23155427 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1160 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1161 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1161 2 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1161 3 CW CW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1161 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1161 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1161 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1161 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 2 Baleen Baleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 3 whale whale JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 4 infrasonic infrasonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 5 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 7 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 8 variability variability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 10 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1162 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 4 Acoustical Acoustical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1163 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1164 1 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1164 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1164 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1164 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1164 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1164 6 2554 2554 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1164 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1165 1 Bibcode:2004ASAJ bibcode:2004asaj UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1165 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1165 3 115.2554C. 115.2554c. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1166 1 doi:10.1121/1.4783845 doi:10.1121/1.4783845 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1166 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 4 Dawson Dawson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 5 TJ TJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 7 Webster Webster NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 8 KN KN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 10 Maloney Maloney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 11 SK SK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 13 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 14 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1167 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 3 fur fur NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 7 exposed exposed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 8 environments environment NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 10 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 11 crypsis crypsis VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 13 thermal thermal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 14 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 15 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 16 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1168 17 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 2 polar polar JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 3 bear bear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 5 marsupial marsupial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 6 koala koala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 7 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1169 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1170 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1170 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1170 3 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1170 4 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1170 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1171 1 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1171 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1171 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1171 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1171 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1171 6 273–84 273–84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1171 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 3 s00360 s00360 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 5 013 013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 7 0794 0794 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1172 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1173 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1173 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1173 3 24366474 24366474 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1173 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1174 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1174 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1174 3 9481486 9481486 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1174 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 2 Slominski Slominski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 5 Tobin Tobin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 6 DJ DJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 8 Shibahara Shibahara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 9 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 11 Wortsman Wortsman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 12 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 14 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 15 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1175 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 2 Melanin melanin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 3 pigmentation pigmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 5 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 6 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 9 hormonal hormonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 10 regulation regulation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1176 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1177 1 Physiological Physiological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1177 2 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1177 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1178 1 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1178 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1178 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1178 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1178 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1178 6 1155–228 1155–228 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1178 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1179 1 doi:10.1152 doi:10.1152 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1179 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1179 3 physrev.00044.2003 physrev.00044.2003 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1179 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1180 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1180 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1180 3 15383650 15383650 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1180 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1181 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1181 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1181 3 21168932 21168932 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1181 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 2 Hilton Hilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 3 Jr Jr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 4 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1182 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1183 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1183 2 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1183 3 Carolina Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1183 4 Wildlife Wildlife NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1183 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1183 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1184 1 Animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1184 2 Colors color NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1184 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1185 1 Hilton Hilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1185 2 Pond Pond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1185 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1185 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1186 1 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1186 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1186 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1186 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1186 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1186 6 10–15 10–15 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1186 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1187 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1187 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1187 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1187 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1187 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 4 Prum Prum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 5 RO RO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 7 Torres Torres NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 8 RH RH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 10 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 11 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1188 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 2 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 3 colouration colouration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 5 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 6 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 8 convergent convergent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 9 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 11 coherently coherently RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 12 scattering scatter VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 13 dermal dermal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 14 collagen collagen NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 15 arrays array NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1189 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1190 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1190 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1190 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1190 4 Experimental Experimental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1190 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1190 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 1 207 207 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 3 Pt Pt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 7 2157–72 2157–72 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1191 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1192 1 doi:10.1242 doi:10.1242 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1192 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1192 3 jeb.00989 jeb.00989 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1192 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1193 1 hdl:1808/1599 hdl:1808/1599 UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1193 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1194 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1194 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1194 3 15143148 15143148 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1194 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1195 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1195 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1195 3 8268610 8268610 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1195 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 2 Suutari Suutari NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 5 Majaneva Majaneva NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 8 Fewer Fewer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 9 DP DP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 11 Voirin Voirin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 12 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 14 Aiello Aiello NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 15 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 17 Friedl Friedl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 18 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 20 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 21 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1196 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1197 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1197 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1197 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1197 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1197 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 2 Molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 3 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 6 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 7 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 8 algal algal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 9 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 10 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 13 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 15 sloths sloth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 18 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 19 association association NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 21 Trichophilus Trichophilus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 22 welckeri welckeri NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 24 Chlorophyta Chlorophyta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 26 Ulvophyceae Ulvophyceae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1198 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1199 1 BMC BMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1199 2 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1199 3 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1199 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 3 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 6 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 8 doi:10.1186/1471 doi:10.1186/1471 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 10 2148 2148 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 12 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 14 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1200 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1201 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1201 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1201 3 2858742 2858742 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1201 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1202 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1202 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1202 3 20353556 20353556 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1202 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1203 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1203 2 Caro Caro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1203 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1203 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1203 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1203 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1203 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 3 Adaptive adaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 4 Significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 6 Coloration Coloration NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 8 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1204 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1205 1 BioScience BioScience NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1205 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1206 1 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1206 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1206 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1206 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1206 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1206 6 125–136 125–136 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1206 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1207 1 doi:10.1641/0006 doi:10.1641/0006 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1207 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1207 3 3568(2005)055[0125 3568(2005)055[0125 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1207 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1207 5 tasoci]2.0.co;2 tasoci]2.0.co;2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1207 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 2 Mills Mills NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 3 LS LS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 5 Zimova Zimova NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 8 Oyler Oyler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 9 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 11 Running Running NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 12 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 14 Abatzoglou Abatzoglou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 15 JT JT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 17 Lukacs Lukacs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 18 PM PM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 21 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1208 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 2 Camouflage camouflage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 3 mismatch mismatch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 5 seasonal seasonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 6 coat coat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 7 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 8 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 10 decreased decrease VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 11 snow snow NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 12 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1209 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1210 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1211 1 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1211 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1211 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1211 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1211 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1211 6 7360–5 7360–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1211 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1212 1 Bibcode:2013PNAS bibcode:2013pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1212 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1212 3 110.7360M. 110.7360m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1213 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1213 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1213 3 pnas.1222724110 pnas.1222724110 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1213 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1214 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1214 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1214 3 3645584 3645584 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1214 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1215 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1215 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1215 3 23589881 23589881 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1215 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 2 Caro Caro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1216 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 2 Contrasting contrast VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 3 coloration coloration NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 5 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1217 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 1 Philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 2 Transactions Transactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 5 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1218 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1219 1 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1219 2 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1219 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1219 4 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1219 5 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1219 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1220 1 364 364 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1220 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1220 3 1516 1516 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1220 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1220 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1220 6 537–48 537–48 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1220 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1221 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1221 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1221 3 rstb.2008.0221 rstb.2008.0221 : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1221 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1222 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1222 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1222 3 2674080 2674080 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1222 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1223 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1223 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1223 3 18990666 18990666 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1223 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1224 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1224 2 Plavcan Plavcan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1224 3 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1224 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1224 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1224 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1224 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 2 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 3 dimorphism dimorphism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 5 primate primate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 6 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1225 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1226 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1226 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1226 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1226 4 Physical Physical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1226 5 Anthropology Anthropology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1226 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 1 Suppl Suppl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 4 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 7 25–53 25–53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1227 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1228 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1228 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1228 3 ajpa.10011 ajpa.10011 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1228 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1229 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1229 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1229 3 11786990 11786990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1229 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 2 Bradley Bradley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 3 BJ BJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 5 Gerald Gerald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 6 MS MS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 8 Widdig Widdig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 9 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 11 Mundy Mundy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 12 NI NI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 14 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1230 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 2 Coat Coat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 3 Color Color NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 4 Variation Variation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 6 Pigmentation Pigmentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 7 Gene Gene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 8 Expression Expression NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 10 Rhesus Rhesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 11 Macaques Macaques NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 13 Macaca Macaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 14 Mulatta Mulatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1231 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1232 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1232 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1232 3 Mammalian Mammalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1232 4 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1232 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1233 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1233 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1233 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1233 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1233 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1233 6 263–270 263–270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1233 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 3 s10914 s10914 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 5 012 012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 7 9212 9212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1234 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1235 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1235 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1235 3 13916535 13916535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1235 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 11 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 13 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1236 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 2 Caro Caro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 5 Izzo Izzo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 8 Reiner Reiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 9 RC rc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 11 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 12 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 14 Stankowich Stankowich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 15 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 17 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 18 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1237 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 3 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 5 zebra zebra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 6 stripes stripes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1238 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1239 1 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1239 2 Communications Communications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1239 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1240 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1240 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1240 3 3535 3535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1240 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1241 1 Bibcode:2014NatCo bibcode:2014natco NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1241 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1241 3 5.3535C. 5.3535c. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1242 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1242 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1242 3 ncomms4535 ncomms4535 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1242 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1243 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1243 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1243 3 24691390 24691390 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1243 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1244 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1244 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1244 3 9849814 9849814 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1244 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 2 Lombardi Lombardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 5 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 6 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 7 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1245 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1246 1 Comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1246 2 Vertebrate vertebrate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1246 3 Reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1246 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1247 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1247 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1247 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1247 4 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1247 5 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1247 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 7 7923 7923 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 9 8336 8336 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1248 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 2 Tyndale Tyndale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 4 Biscoe Biscoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 5 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 7 Renfree Renfree NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 8 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 10 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 11 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 12 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1249 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1250 1 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1250 2 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1250 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1250 4 Marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1250 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1251 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1251 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1251 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1251 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 9 33792 33792 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1252 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 2 Johnston Johnston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 3 SD SD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 5 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 8 Pyne Pyne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 11 Stenzel Stenzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 12 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 14 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 15 WV WV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 17 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1253 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 2 One‐Sided one‐side VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 3 Ejaculation Ejaculation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 5 Echidna Echidna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 6 Sperm Sperm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 7 Bundles Bundles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1254 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1255 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1255 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1255 3 Naturalist Naturalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1255 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1256 1 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1256 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1256 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1256 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1256 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1256 6 E162–E164 E162–E164 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1256 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1257 1 doi:10.1086/522847 doi:10.1086/522847 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1257 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1258 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1258 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1258 3 18171162 18171162 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1258 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1259 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1259 2 Maxwell Maxwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1259 3 KE KE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1259 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1259 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1259 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1259 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 2 Sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 3 Imperative imperative NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 5 An An NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 6 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 7 Tale tale NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 9 Sexual Sexual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 10 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1260 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1261 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1261 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1262 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1262 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1263 1 112–113 112–113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1263 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 7 4899 4899 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 9 5988 5988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1264 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 2 Vaughan Vaughan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 3 TA TA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 5 Ryan Ryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 6 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 8 Czaplewski Czaplewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 9 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1265 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1266 1 Mammalogy mammalogy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1266 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1267 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1267 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1267 3 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1267 4 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1267 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1268 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1268 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1268 3 387 387 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1268 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 7 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 9 025034 025034 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1269 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 4 Hoffman Hoffman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 5 EA EA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 7 Rowe Rowe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 8 TB TB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 10 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 11 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1270 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 2 Jurassic jurassic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 3 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 5 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 6 perinates perinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 9 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 11 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 12 reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1271 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1272 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1272 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1273 1 561 561 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1273 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1273 3 7721 7721 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1273 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1273 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1273 6 104–108 104–108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1273 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1274 1 Bibcode:2018Natur.561 Bibcode:2018Natur.561 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1274 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1274 3 104H. 104h. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 3 s41586 s41586 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 5 018 018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 7 0441 0441 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1275 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1276 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1276 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1276 3 30158701 30158701 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1276 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1277 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1277 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1277 3 205570021 205570021 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1277 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 2 Wallis Wallis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 3 MC MC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 5 Waters Waters NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 6 PD PD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 8 Delbridge Delbridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 9 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 11 Kirby Kirby NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 12 PJ PJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 14 Pask Pask NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 15 AJ AJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 17 Grützner Grützner NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 18 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 20 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 21 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1278 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1279 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1279 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1279 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1279 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 2 Sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 3 determination determination NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 5 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 7 echidna echidna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 9 autosomal autosomal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 10 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 12 SOX3 SOX3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 13 confirms confirm VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 15 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 17 SRY SRY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 19 monotremes monotremes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1280 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1281 1 Chromosome Chromosome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1281 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1281 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1282 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1282 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1282 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1282 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1282 5 949–59 949–59 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1282 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 3 s10577 s10577 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 5 007 007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 7 1185 1185 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1283 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1284 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1284 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1284 3 18185981 18185981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1284 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1285 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1285 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1285 3 812974 812974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1285 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 2 Marshall Marshall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 3 Graves Graves NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 4 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1286 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 2 Weird weird JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 3 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 4 genomes genome NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 7 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 9 vertebrate vertebrate JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 10 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 12 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 13 chromosomes chromosome NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1287 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1288 1 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1288 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1288 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1288 4 Genetics Genetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1288 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1289 1 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1289 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1289 3 565–86 565–86 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1289 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1290 1 doi:10.1146 doi:10.1146 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1290 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1290 3 annurev.genet.42.110807.091714 annurev.genet.42.110807.091714 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1290 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1291 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1291 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1291 3 18983263 18983263 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1291 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 11 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 13 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1292 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 2 Novacek Novacek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 3 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 5 Rougier Rougier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 6 GW GW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 8 Wible Wible NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 9 JR JR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 11 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 12 MC MC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 14 Dashzeveg Dashzeveg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 15 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 17 Horovitz Horovitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 18 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 20 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 21 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1293 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 2 Epipubic epipubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 3 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 5 eutherian eutherian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 6 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 10 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 12 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1294 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1295 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1295 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1296 1 389 389 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1296 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1296 3 6650 6650 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1296 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1296 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1296 6 483–6 483–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1296 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1297 1 Bibcode:1997Natur.389 Bibcode:1997Natur.389 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1297 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1297 3 483N. 483n. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1298 1 doi:10.1038/39020 doi:10.1038/39020 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1298 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1299 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1299 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1299 3 9333234 9333234 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1299 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1300 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1300 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1300 3 205026882 205026882 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1300 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1301 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1301 2 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1301 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1301 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1301 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1301 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1301 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1302 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1302 2 Mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1302 3 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1302 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1302 5 Lifestyle Lifestyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1302 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1302 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1303 1 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1303 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1304 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1304 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1304 3 Raintree raintree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1304 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1305 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1305 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1305 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1305 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 7 4109 4109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 9 1050 1050 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1306 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1307 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1307 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1307 3 53476660 53476660 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1307 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 2 Verma Verma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 3 PS PS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 5 Pandey Pandey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 6 BP BP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1308 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 1 ISC ISC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 3 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 6 Class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 7 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1309 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 2 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 5 Chand Chand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 7 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1310 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1311 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1311 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1311 3 288 288 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1311 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 5 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 7 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 9 2557 2557 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1312 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 2 Oftedal Oftedal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 3 OT OT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 5 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1313 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 3 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 4 gland gland NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 7 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 9 synapsid synapsid JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 10 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1314 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 3 Mammary Mammary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 4 Gland Gland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 7 Neoplasia Neoplasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1315 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1316 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1316 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1316 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1316 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1316 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1316 6 225–52 225–52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1316 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1317 1 doi:10.1023 doi:10.1023 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1317 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1317 3 a:1022896515287 a:1022896515287 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1317 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1318 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1318 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1318 3 12751889 12751889 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1318 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1319 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1319 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1319 3 25806501 25806501 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1319 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1320 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1320 2 Krockenberger Krockenberger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1320 3 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1320 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1320 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1320 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1320 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1321 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1321 2 Lactation lactation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1321 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1321 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 2 Dickman Dickman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 3 CR CR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 5 Armati Armati NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 6 PJ PJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 8 Hume Hume NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 9 ID ID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1322 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1323 1 Marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1323 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1324 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1324 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1324 3 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1324 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1325 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1325 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1325 3 9781139457422 9781139457422 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1325 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 2 Schulkin Schulkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 5 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 6 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1326 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1327 1 Milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1327 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1327 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1327 4 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1327 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1327 6 Lactation Lactation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1327 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1328 1 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1328 2 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1328 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1328 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1328 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1329 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1329 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1329 3 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1329 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1330 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1330 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1330 3 9781421420424 9781421420424 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1330 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 2 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 3 KV KV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 5 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 6 AJ AJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 8 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 9 AM AM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 11 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1331 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 2 Paternal paternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 3 Care care NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 5 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 6 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 8 Captive Captive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 9 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1332 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 2 Baer Baer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 3 CK CK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 5 Kleiman Kleiman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 6 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 8 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 9 KV KV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1333 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 1 Wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 2 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 4 Captivity Captivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 5 Principles Principles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 7 Techniques Techniques NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 9 Zoo Zoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 10 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 12 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 13 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1334 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1335 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1335 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1335 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1335 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1335 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1336 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1336 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1336 3 374 374 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1336 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1337 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1337 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1337 3 9780226440118 9780226440118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1337 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 2 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 3 NA NA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 5 Reece Reece NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 6 JB JB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1338 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1339 1 Biology biology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1339 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1339 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1339 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1339 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1339 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1339 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1340 1 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1340 2 Cummings Cummings NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1340 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1341 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1341 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1341 3 845 845 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 7 8053 8053 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 9 6624 6624 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1342 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1343 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1343 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1343 3 47521441 47521441 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1343 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 2 Buffenstein Buffenstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 5 Yahav Yahav NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 6 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 8 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1344 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 2 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 4 naked naked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 5 mole mole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 7 rat rat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 8 Hererocephalus Hererocephalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 9 glaber glaber NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 11 endothermic endothermic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 12 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 13 poikilothermic poikilothermic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 14 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 15 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1345 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1346 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1346 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1346 3 Thermal Thermal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1346 4 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1346 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1347 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1347 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1347 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1347 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1347 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1347 6 227–232 227–232 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1347 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1348 1 doi:10.1016/0306 doi:10.1016/0306 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1348 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1348 3 4565(91)90030 4565(91)90030 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1348 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1348 5 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1348 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 2 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 4 Nielsen Nielsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 5 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 7 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 8 JB JB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 10 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1349 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1350 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1350 2 Temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1350 3 Effects Effects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1350 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1350 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 1 Animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 2 Physiology physiology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 4 Adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 6 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 8 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 9 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1351 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1352 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1352 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1353 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1353 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1353 3 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1353 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 9 57098 57098 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1354 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1355 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1355 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1355 3 35744403 35744403 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1355 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 4 Lorenzini Lorenzini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 5 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 7 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 8 FB FB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 10 Oliver Oliver NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 11 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 13 Tresini Tresini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 14 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 16 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 17 JS JS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 19 Hdeib Hdeib NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 20 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 22 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 23 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1356 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1357 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1357 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1357 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1357 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 2 Significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 3 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 5 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 6 longevity longevity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 8 DNA DNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 9 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 10 strand strand NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 11 break break NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 12 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 16 telomere telomere JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 17 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1358 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1359 1 Mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1359 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1359 3 Ageing Ageing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1359 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1359 5 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1359 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1360 1 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1360 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1360 3 11–12 11–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1360 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1360 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1360 6 784–92 784–92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1360 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1361 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1361 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1361 3 j.mad.2009.10.004 j.mad.2009.10.004 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1361 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1362 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1362 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1362 3 2799038 2799038 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1362 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1363 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1363 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1363 3 19896964 19896964 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1363 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 2 Hart Hart NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 3 RW RW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 5 Setlow Setlow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 6 RB RB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 8 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 9 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1364 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 2 Correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 4 deoxyribonucleic deoxyribonucleic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 5 acid acid NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 6 excision excision NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 8 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 10 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 12 span span NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 17 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 18 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1365 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1366 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1367 1 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1367 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1367 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1367 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1367 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1367 6 2169–73 2169–73 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1367 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1368 1 Bibcode:1974PNAS bibcode:1974pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1368 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1368 3 71.2169H. 71.2169h. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1369 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1369 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1369 3 pnas.71.6.2169 pnas.71.6.2169 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1369 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1370 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1370 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1370 3 388412 388412 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1370 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1371 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1371 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1371 3 4526202 4526202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1371 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 2 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 5 Upneja Upneja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 8 Galecki Galecki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 9 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 11 Tsai Tsai NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 12 YM YM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 14 Burant Burant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 15 CF CF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 17 Raskind Raskind NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 18 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 20 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 21 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1372 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1373 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1373 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1373 3 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1373 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1373 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 2 Cell Cell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 3 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 5 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 6 profiling profiling NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 7 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 8 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 9 reveals reveal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 10 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 11 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 13 metabolism metabolism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 15 determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 17 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 18 longevity longevity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1374 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1375 1 eLife elife NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1375 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1376 1 5 5 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1376 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1376 3 doi:10.7554 doi:10.7554 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1376 4 / / , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1376 5 eLife.19130 elife.19130 RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1376 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1377 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1377 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1377 3 5148604 5148604 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1377 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1378 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1378 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1378 3 27874830 27874830 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 2 Grube Grube NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 5 Bürkle Bürkle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 9 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1379 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 2 Poly(ADP poly(adp NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 4 ribose ribose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 6 polymerase polymerase NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 7 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 9 mononuclear mononuclear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 10 leukocytes leukocyte NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 12 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 13 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 14 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 15 correlates correlate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 17 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 19 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 20 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 21 span span NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1380 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1381 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1382 1 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1382 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1382 3 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1382 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1382 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1382 6 11759–63 11759–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1382 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1383 1 Bibcode:1992PNAS bibcode:1992pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1383 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1383 3 8911759G. 8911759G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1384 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1384 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1384 3 pnas.89.24.11759 pnas.89.24.11759 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1384 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1385 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1385 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1385 3 50636 50636 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1385 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1386 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1386 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1386 3 1465394 1465394 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1386 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 2 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 3 AA AA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 5 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 6 WH WH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 8 Regan Regan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 9 JD JD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 11 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 12 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1387 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 3 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 5 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 6 excision excision NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 7 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 9 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 11 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 12 lesions lesion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 15 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 17 span span NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 19 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1388 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1389 1 Mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1389 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1389 3 Ageing Ageing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1389 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1389 5 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1389 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1390 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1390 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1390 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1390 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1390 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1390 6 181–9 181–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1390 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1391 1 doi:10.1016/0047 doi:10.1016/0047 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1391 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1391 3 6374(81)90094 6374(81)90094 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1391 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1391 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1391 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1392 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1392 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1392 3 7266079 7266079 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1392 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1393 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1393 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1393 3 19830165 19830165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1393 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 2 Treton Treton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 3 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 5 Courtois Courtois NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 6 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 9 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1394 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 2 Correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 4 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 5 excision excision NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 6 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 8 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 9 lifespan lifespan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 11 lens lens NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 12 epithelial epithelial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 13 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1395 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1396 1 Cell Cell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1396 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1396 3 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1396 4 Reports Reports NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1396 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1397 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1397 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1397 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1397 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1397 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1397 6 253–60 253–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1397 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1398 1 doi:10.1016/0309 doi:10.1016/0309 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1398 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1398 3 1651(82)90077 1651(82)90077 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1398 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1398 5 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1398 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1399 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1399 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1399 3 7060140 7060140 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1399 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 2 Maslansky Maslansky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 3 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 5 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 6 GM GM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 9 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1400 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 2 Ultraviolet ultraviolet JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 3 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 5 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 6 DNA dna NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 7 repair repair NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 8 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 10 hepatocytes hepatocyte NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 12 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 14 differing differing JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 15 longevities longevity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1401 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1402 1 Mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1402 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1402 3 Ageing Ageing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1402 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1402 5 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1402 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1403 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1403 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1403 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1403 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1403 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1403 6 191–203 191–203 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1403 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1404 1 doi:10.1016/0047 doi:10.1016/0047 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1404 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1404 3 6374(85)90018 6374(85)90018 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1404 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1404 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1404 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1405 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1405 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1405 3 3974310 3974310 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1405 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1406 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1406 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1406 3 23988416 23988416 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1406 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1407 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1407 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1407 3 Leg Leg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1407 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1407 5 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1407 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1407 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1408 1 Avian avian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1408 2 Sketetal Sketetal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1408 3 Adaptations Adaptations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1408 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 10 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1409 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1410 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1410 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1410 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1410 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1410 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 2 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 3 WF WF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 5 Homberger Homberger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 6 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 8 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1411 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 1 Anatomy anatomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 3 Dissection Dissection NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 6 Fetal Fetal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 7 Pig Pig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1412 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 6 Freeman Freeman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 8 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1413 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1414 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1414 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1414 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1414 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 7 7167 7167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 9 2637 2637 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1415 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1416 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1416 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1416 3 40576267 40576267 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1416 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 2 Orr Orr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 3 CM CM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 5 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1417 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 2 Knuckle Knuckle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 4 walking walking NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 5 anteater anteater NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 8 convergence convergence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 9 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 11 adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 13 purported purported JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 14 knuckle knuckle NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 16 walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 17 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 19 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 20 Hominidae Hominidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1418 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1419 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1419 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1419 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1419 4 Physical Physical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1419 5 Anthropology Anthropology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1419 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1420 1 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1420 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1420 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1420 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1420 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1420 6 639–58 639–58 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1420 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1421 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1421 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1421 3 ajpa.20192 ajpa.20192 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1421 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1422 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1422 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1422 3 15861420 15861420 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1422 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 2 Fish Fish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 3 FE FE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 5 Frappell Frappell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 6 PB PB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 8 Baudinette Baudinette NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 9 RV RV NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 11 MacFarlane MacFarlane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 12 PM pm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 14 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 15 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1423 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 2 Energetics energetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 4 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 5 locomotion locomotion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 8 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 9 Ornithorhynchus Ornithorhynchus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 10 anatinus anatinus IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1424 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1425 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1425 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1425 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1425 4 Experimental Experimental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1425 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1425 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 1 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 3 Pt Pt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 4 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 7 797–803 797–803 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1426 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1427 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1427 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1427 3 11171362 11171362 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1427 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1428 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1428 2 Dhingra Dhingra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1428 3 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1428 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1428 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1428 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1428 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 2 Comparative comparative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 3 Bipedalism bipedalism NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 5 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 7 Rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 10 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 11 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 12 Walks walk VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 15 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1429 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1430 1 Anthropological Anthropological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1430 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1430 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1431 1 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1431 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1431 3 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1431 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1431 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 2 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 3 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1432 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 2 Bipedal bipedal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 3 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 7 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 9 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1433 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1434 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1434 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1434 3 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1434 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1435 1 204 204 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1435 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1435 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1435 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1435 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1435 6 321–30 321–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1435 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1436 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1436 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1436 3 j.0021 j.0021 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1436 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1436 5 8782.2004.00289.x 8782.2004.00289.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1436 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1437 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1437 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1437 3 1571302 1571302 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1437 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1438 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1438 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1438 3 15198697 15198697 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1438 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 4 Dagg Dagg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 5 AI AI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 7 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1439 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1440 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1440 2 Gaits Gaits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1440 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1440 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1440 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1440 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1441 1 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1441 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1441 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1442 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1442 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1442 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1442 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1442 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1442 6 135–154 135–154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1442 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1443 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1443 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1443 3 j.1365 j.1365 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1443 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1443 5 2907.1973.tb00179.x 2907.1973.tb00179.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1443 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1444 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1444 2 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1444 3 TD TD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1444 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1444 5 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1444 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1444 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 1 Understanding Understanding NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 2 Balance Balance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 5 Mechanics Mechanics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 7 Posture Posture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 9 Locomotion Locomotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1445 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1446 1 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1446 2 Diego Diego NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1446 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1446 4 Nelson Nelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1446 5 Thornes Thornes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1446 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1447 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1447 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1447 3 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1447 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 7 56593 56593 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 9 416 416 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1448 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1449 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1449 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1449 3 33167785 33167785 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1449 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 5 Cartmill Cartmill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 8 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1450 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1451 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1451 2 Climbing climb VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1451 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1451 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 2 Hildebrand Hildebrand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 5 Bramble Bramble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 6 DM DM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 8 Liem Liem NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 9 KF KF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 11 Wake Wake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 12 DB DB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 14 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1452 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1453 1 Functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1453 2 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1453 3 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1453 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1454 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1454 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1454 3 Belknap Belknap NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1454 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1454 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1455 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1455 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1456 1 73–88 73–88 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1456 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 7 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 9 32775 32775 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1457 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1458 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1458 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1458 3 11114191 11114191 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1458 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1459 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1459 2 Vernes Vernes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1459 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1459 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1459 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1459 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1459 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 2 Gliding glide VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 3 Performance Performance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 6 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 7 Flying Flying NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 8 Squirrel Squirrel NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 10 Glaucomys Glaucomys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 11 sabrinus sabrinu NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 14 Mature Mature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 15 Mixed Mixed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 16 Forest Forest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 18 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 19 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 22 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1460 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1461 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1461 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1461 3 Mammalogy Mammalogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1461 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1462 1 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1462 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1462 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1462 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1462 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1462 6 1026–1033 1026–1033 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1462 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1463 1 doi:10.1644/1545 doi:10.1644/1545 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1463 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1463 3 1542(2001)082<1026 1542(2001)082<1026 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1463 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1463 5 GPOTNF>2.0.CO;2 gpotnf>2.0.co;2 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1463 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 2 Barba Barba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 3 LA LA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 5 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1464 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 2 Bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 5 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 6 flying fly VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 7 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1465 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1466 1 Bio Bio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1466 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1466 3 Aerial Aerial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1466 4 Locomotion Locomotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1466 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1467 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1467 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1467 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1467 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1467 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 3 Bats Bats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 5 Flight Flight NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 6 Reveal Reveal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 7 Unexpected Unexpected NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 8 Aerodynamics Aerodynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1468 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1469 1 ScienceDaily ScienceDaily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1469 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1470 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1470 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1471 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1471 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1471 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1471 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1471 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1471 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 2 Hedenström Hedenström NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 5 Johansson Johansson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 6 LC LC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1472 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 2 Bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 3 flight flight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 5 aerodynamics aerodynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 7 kinematics kinematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 9 flight flight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 10 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1473 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1474 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1474 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1474 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1474 4 Experimental Experimental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1474 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1474 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 1 218 218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 3 Pt Pt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 7 653–63 653–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1475 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1476 1 doi:10.1242 doi:10.1242 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1476 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1476 3 jeb.031203 jeb.031203 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1476 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1477 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1477 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1477 3 25740899 25740899 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1477 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1478 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1478 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1478 3 21295393 21295393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1478 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 3 Bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 4 save save VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 5 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 7 drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 8 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 9 wings wing NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 11 upstroke upstroke JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1479 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1480 1 ScienceDaily ScienceDaily NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1480 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1481 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1481 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1482 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1482 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1482 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1482 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1482 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1482 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1483 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1483 2 Taschek Taschek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1483 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1483 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1483 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1483 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1483 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 1 Hanging hang VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 3 Bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 5 Ecobats ecobat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 7 Vampires Vampires NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 10 Movie Movie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 11 Stars Stars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1484 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 1 Albuquerque Albuquerque NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 6 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1485 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1486 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1486 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1486 3 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1486 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 7 8263 8263 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 9 4403 4403 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1487 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1488 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1488 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1488 3 191258477 191258477 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1488 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 2 Sterbing sterbing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 4 D'Angelo D'Angelo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 5 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 7 Chadha Chadha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 8 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 10 Chiu Chiu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 11 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 13 Falk Falk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 14 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 16 Xian Xian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 17 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 19 Barcelo Barcelo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 20 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 22 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 23 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1489 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1490 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1490 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1490 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1490 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1490 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 2 Bat bat JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 3 wing wing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 4 sensors sensor NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 5 support support VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 6 flight flight NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 7 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1491 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1492 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1493 1 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1493 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1493 3 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1493 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1493 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1493 6 11291–6 11291–6 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1493 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1494 1 Bibcode:2011PNAS bibcode:2011pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1494 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1494 3 10811291S. 10811291s. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1495 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1495 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1495 3 pnas.1018740108 pnas.1018740108 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1495 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1496 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1496 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1496 3 3131348 3131348 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1496 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1497 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1497 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1497 3 21690408 21690408 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1497 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 2 Damiani Damiani NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 4 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 8 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 9 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 11 cynodont cynodont JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 12 burrowing burrowing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 15 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 16 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 17 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 19 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 20 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 22 Issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 23 1525 1525 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 24 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 25 Shimer Shimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 26 HW HW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 28 1903 1903 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1498 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 2 Adaptations adaptation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 4 Aquatic Aquatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 6 Arboreal Arboreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 8 Fossorial Fossorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 10 Cursorial Cursorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 11 Habits Habits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 13 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1499 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1500 1 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1500 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1501 1 Fossorial Fossorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1501 2 Adaptations Adaptations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1501 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1501 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1502 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1502 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1502 3 Naturalist Naturalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1502 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1503 1 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1503 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1503 3 444 444 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1503 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1503 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1503 6 819–825 819–825 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1503 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1504 1 doi:10.1086/278368 doi:10.1086/278368 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1504 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1505 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1505 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1505 3 2455381 2455381 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1505 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 2 Stanhope Stanhope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 7 Waddell Waddell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 9 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 10 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 12 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 13 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1506 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1507 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1507 2 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1507 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1507 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 2 Molecular molecular JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 3 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 5 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 6 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 8 Insectivora Insectivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 13 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 15 endemic endemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 16 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 17 insectivore insectivore NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 18 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1508 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1509 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1510 1 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1510 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1510 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1510 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1510 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1510 6 9967–9972 9967–9972 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1510 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1511 1 Bibcode:1998PNAS bibcode:1998pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1511 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1511 3 95.9967S. 95.9967s. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1512 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1512 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1512 3 pnas.95.17.9967 pnas.95.17.9967 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1512 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1513 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1513 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1513 3 21445 21445 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1513 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1514 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1514 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1514 3 9707584 9707584 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1514 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1515 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1515 2 Perry Perry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1515 3 DA DA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1515 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1515 5 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1515 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1515 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 3 anatomical anatomical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 4 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 6 swimming swimming NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 8 Whales Whales NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1516 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1517 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1517 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1517 3 Zoology Zoology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1517 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1518 1 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1518 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1518 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1518 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1518 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1518 6 49–60 49–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1518 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1519 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1519 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1519 3 j.1096 j.1096 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1519 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1519 5 3642.1949.tb00866.x 3642.1949.tb00866.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1519 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 2 Fish Fish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 3 FE FE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 5 Hui Hui NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 6 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 8 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1520 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 2 Dolphin Dolphin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 3 swimming swimming NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 6 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1521 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1522 1 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1522 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1522 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1523 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1523 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1523 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1523 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1523 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1523 6 181–195 181–195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1523 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1524 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1524 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1524 3 j.1365 j.1365 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1524 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1524 5 2907.1991.tb00292.x 2907.1991.tb00292.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1524 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 11 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 13 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1525 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1526 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1526 2 Marsh Marsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1526 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1526 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1526 5 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1526 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1526 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 3 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 5 Dugongidae Dugongidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1527 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1528 1 Fauna Fauna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1528 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1528 3 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1528 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1529 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1529 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1530 1 Canberra Canberra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1530 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1530 3 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1530 4 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1530 5 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1530 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 7 644 644 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 9 06056 06056 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1531 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1532 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1532 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1532 3 27492815 27492815 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1532 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 8 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 10 11.CS1 11.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 11 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 13 BOT bot NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 15 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 17 url url NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 18 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 19 unknown unknown NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 21 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 23 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 25 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 26 Berta Berta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 27 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 29 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 30 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1533 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 2 Pinniped pinniped JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 3 Diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 5 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 7 Adaptations Adaptations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1534 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 1 Return return VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 4 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 7 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 9 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 10 Times Times NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 12 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 13 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1535 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1536 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1536 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1536 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1536 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1536 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1537 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1537 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1538 1 62–64 62–64 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1538 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 9 27057 27057 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1539 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 4 Fish Fish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 5 FE FE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 7 Hurley Hurley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 8 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 10 Costa Costa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 11 DP DP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 13 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 14 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1540 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 2 Maneuverability Maneuverability NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 5 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 6 lion lion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 7 Zalophus Zalophus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 8 californianus californianus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 10 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 11 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 14 unstable unstable JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 15 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 16 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1541 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1542 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1542 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1542 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1542 4 Experimental Experimental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1542 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1542 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 1 206 206 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 3 Pt Pt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 4 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 7 667–74 667–74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1543 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1544 1 doi:10.1242 doi:10.1242 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1544 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1544 3 jeb.00144 jeb.00144 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1544 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1545 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1545 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1545 3 12517984 12517984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1545 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 4 Riedman Riedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 5 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 7 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1546 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 2 Pinnipeds pinniped NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 4 Seals Seals NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 6 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 7 Lions Lions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 10 Walruses Walruses NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1547 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1548 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1548 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1548 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1548 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1548 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 9 06497 06497 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1549 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1550 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1550 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1550 3 19511610 19511610 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1550 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1551 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1551 2 Fish Fish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1551 3 FE FE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1551 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1551 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1551 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1551 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 2 Transitions transition NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 4 drag drag NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 8 lift lift VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 10 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 11 propulsion propulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 13 mammalian mammalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 14 swimming swimming NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1552 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1553 1 Integrative integrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1553 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1553 3 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1553 4 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1553 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1554 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1554 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1554 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1554 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1554 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1554 6 628–641 628–641 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1554 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1555 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1555 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1555 3 icb/36.6.628 icb/36.6.628 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1555 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1556 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1556 2 Fish Fish NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1556 3 FE FE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1556 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1556 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1556 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1556 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 2 Biomechanics biomechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 4 energetics energetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 6 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 8 semiaquatic semiaquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 9 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 11 platypus platypus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 13 whale whale VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1557 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1558 1 Physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1558 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1558 3 Biochemical Biochemical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1558 4 Zoology Zoology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1558 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1559 1 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1559 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1559 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1559 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1559 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1559 6 683–98 683–98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1559 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1560 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1560 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1560 3 10.1.1.734.1217 10.1.1.734.1217 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1560 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1560 5 doi:10.1086/318108 doi:10.1086/318108 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1560 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1561 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1561 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1561 3 11121343 11121343 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1561 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 9 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 11 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 13 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1562 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1563 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1563 2 Eltringham Eltringham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1563 3 SK SK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1563 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1563 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1563 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1563 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1564 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1564 2 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1564 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1564 4 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1564 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1564 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1565 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1565 2 Hippos Hippos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1565 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 5 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 6 Poyser Poyser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 10 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1566 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 7 85661 85661 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 9 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1567 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1568 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1568 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1568 3 42274422 42274422 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1568 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1569 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1569 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1569 3 Hippopotamus Hippopotamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1569 4 Hippopotamus Hippopotamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1569 5 amphibius amphibius NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1569 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1569 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1570 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1570 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1570 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 8 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 10 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1571 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1572 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1572 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1572 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1572 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1572 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 4 Seyfarth Seyfarth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 5 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 7 Cheney Cheney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 8 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 10 Marler Marler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 11 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 13 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1573 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 2 Vervet Vervet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 3 Monkey Monkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 4 Alarm Alarm NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 5 Calls Calls NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 7 Semantic semantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 8 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 11 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 13 Ranging ranging NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 14 Primate Primate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1574 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1575 1 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1575 2 Behaviour Behaviour NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1575 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1576 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1576 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1576 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1576 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1576 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1576 6 1070–1094 1070–1094 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1576 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 3 S0003 S0003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 5 3472(80)80097 3472(80)80097 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1577 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1578 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1578 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1578 3 53165940 53165940 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1578 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1579 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1579 2 Zuberbühler Zuberbühler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1579 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1579 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1579 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1579 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1579 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 2 Predator predator NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 4 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 5 alarm alarm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 6 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 8 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 10 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 12 Cercopithecus Cercopithecus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 13 campbelli campbelli NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1580 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1581 1 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1581 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1581 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1581 4 Sociobiology Sociobiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1581 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1582 1 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1582 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1582 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1582 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1582 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1582 6 414–442 414–442 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1582 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1583 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1583 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1583 3 s002650100383 s002650100383 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1583 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1584 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1584 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1584 3 4601985 4601985 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1584 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1585 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1585 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1585 3 21374702 21374702 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1585 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 2 Slabbekoorn Slabbekoorn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 5 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 6 TB TB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 9 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1586 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 2 Bird bird NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 3 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 5 ecology ecology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 7 speciation speciation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1587 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 1 Philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 2 Transactions Transactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 5 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1588 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1589 1 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1589 2 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1589 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1589 4 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1589 5 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1589 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1590 1 357 357 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1590 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1590 3 1420 1420 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1590 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1590 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1590 6 493–503 493–503 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1590 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1591 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1591 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1591 3 rstb.2001.1056 rstb.2001.1056 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1591 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1592 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1592 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1592 3 1692962 1692962 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1592 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1593 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1593 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1593 3 12028787 12028787 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1593 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1594 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1594 2 Bannister Bannister NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1594 3 JL JL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1594 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1594 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1594 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1594 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 2 Baleen Baleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 3 Whales Whales NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 5 Mysticetes Mysticetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1595 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 2 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 3 Perrin Perrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 4 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 6 Würsig Würsig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 7 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 9 Thewissen Thewissen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 10 JG JG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 12 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1596 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 3 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1597 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1598 1 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1598 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1598 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1599 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1599 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1600 1 80–89 80–89 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1600 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 9 373553 373553 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1601 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1602 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1602 2 Norris Norris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1602 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1602 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1602 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1602 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1602 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1603 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1603 2 Creatures Creatures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1603 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1603 4 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1603 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 1 Making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 3 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 5 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 6 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 8 Whales Whales NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 10 Dolphins Dolphins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1604 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1605 1 BioScience BioScience NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1605 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1606 1 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1606 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1606 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1606 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1606 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1606 6 9–14 9–14 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1606 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1607 1 doi:10.1641/0006 doi:10.1641/0006 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1607 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1607 3 3568(2002)052[0009 3568(2002)052[0009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1607 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1607 5 COCMTC]2.0.CO;2 COCMTC]2.0.CO;2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1607 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 2 Boughman Boughman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 3 JW JW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1608 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 2 Vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 3 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 5 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 6 spear spear NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 8 nosed nosed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 9 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1609 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1610 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1610 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1611 1 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1611 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1611 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1612 1 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1612 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1612 3 1392 1392 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1612 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1612 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1612 6 227–33 227–33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1612 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1613 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1613 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1613 3 rspb.1998.0286 rspb.1998.0286 VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1613 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1614 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1614 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1614 3 1688873 1688873 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1614 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1615 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1615 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1615 3 9493408 9493408 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1615 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 3 Prairie Prairie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 4 dogs dog VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 7 decoded decode VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 9 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1616 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1617 1 CBC CBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1617 2 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1617 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1618 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1618 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1618 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1618 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1619 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1619 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1619 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1619 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1619 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 2 Mayell mayell NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 7 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1620 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 2 Elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 3 Call call VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 4 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 6 Distance Distance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 7 After After NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 9 Hours Hours NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1621 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1622 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1622 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1622 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1623 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1623 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1623 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1623 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1623 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 2 Maynard Maynard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 3 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 4 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 6 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 7 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 9 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1624 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1625 1 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1625 2 Signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1625 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1626 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1626 2 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1626 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1626 4 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1626 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1626 6 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1626 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1627 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1627 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1627 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1627 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1628 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1628 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1629 1 61–63 61–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1629 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 9 852684 852684 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1630 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1631 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1631 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1631 3 54460090 54460090 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1631 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 2 FitzGibbon FitzGibbon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 3 CD CD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 5 Fanshawe Fanshawe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 6 JH JH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 8 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1632 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 2 Stotting stot VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 4 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 6 gazelles gazelle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 9 honest honest JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 10 signal signal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 12 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 15 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1633 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1634 1 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1634 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1634 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1634 4 Sociobiology Sociobiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1634 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1635 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1635 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1635 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1635 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1635 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1635 6 69–74 69–74 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1635 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1636 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1636 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1636 3 bf00299889 bf00299889 XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 1636 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1637 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1637 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1637 3 2809268 2809268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1637 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 11 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 13 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1638 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 2 Bildstein Bildstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 3 KL KL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 6 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1639 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 2 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 3 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 5 Tailed tail VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 6 Deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 7 Flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 8 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 9 Tails tail NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1640 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1641 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1641 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1641 3 Naturalist Naturalist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1641 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1642 1 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1642 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1642 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1642 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1642 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1642 6 709–715 709–715 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1642 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1643 1 doi:10.1086/284096 doi:10.1086/284096 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1643 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1644 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1644 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1644 3 2460873 2460873 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1644 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 2 Gosling Gosling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 3 LM LM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 5 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1645 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 3 reassessment reassessment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 6 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 8 scent scent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 9 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 11 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1646 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1647 1 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1647 2 für für NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1647 3 Tierpsychologie Tierpsychologie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1647 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1648 1 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1648 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1648 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1648 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1648 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1648 6 89–118 89–118 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1648 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1649 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1649 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1649 3 j.1439 j.1439 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1649 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1649 5 0310.1982.tb00492.x 0310.1982.tb00492.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1649 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 2 Zala Zala NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 3 SM SM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 5 Potts Potts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 6 WK WK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 8 Penn Penn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 9 DJ DJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 11 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 12 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1650 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 2 Scent scent NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 4 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 5 displays display NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 6 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 7 honest honest JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 8 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 10 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 12 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1651 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1652 1 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1652 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1652 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1653 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1653 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1653 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1653 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1653 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1653 6 338–44 338–44 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1653 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1654 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1654 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1654 3 beheco beheco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1654 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1654 5 arh022 arh022 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1654 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1655 1 hdl:10.1093 hdl:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1655 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1655 3 beheco beheco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1655 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1655 5 arh022 arh022 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1655 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 3 RP RP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 5 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 6 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1656 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1657 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1657 2 Scent Scent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1657 3 Marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1657 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1657 5 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1657 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1657 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1658 1 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1658 2 Behaviour Behaviour NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1658 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1659 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1659 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1659 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1659 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1659 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1659 6 521–535 521–535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1659 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 3 S0003 S0003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 5 3472(73)80012 3472(73)80012 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 7 0 0 NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1660 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 2 Schevill Schevill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 3 WE WE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 5 McBride McBride NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 6 AF AF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 8 1956 1956 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1661 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 2 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 4 echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 6 cetaceans cetacean NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1662 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1663 1 Deep Deep NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1663 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1663 3 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1663 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1663 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1664 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1664 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1664 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1664 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1664 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1664 6 153–154 153–154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1664 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1665 1 Bibcode:1956DSR bibcode:1956dsr CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1665 2 ..... ..... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1665 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1665 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1665 5 153S. 153S. . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1666 1 doi:10.1016/0146 doi:10.1016/0146 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1666 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1666 3 6313(56)90096-x 6313(56)90096-x NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1666 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 3 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 5 Moss Moss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 6 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1667 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1668 1 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1668 2 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1668 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1668 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1668 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1668 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1668 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1669 1 Echolocation echolocation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1669 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1669 3 Bats Bats NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1669 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1669 5 Dolphins Dolphins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1669 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1670 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1670 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1670 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1670 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1671 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1671 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1671 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1671 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 9 79599 79599 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1672 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1673 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1673 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1673 3 50143737 50143737 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1673 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1674 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1674 2 Au Au NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1674 3 WW WW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1674 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1674 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1674 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1674 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1675 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1675 2 Sonar Sonar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1675 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1675 4 Dolphins Dolphins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1675 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1676 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1676 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1676 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1676 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 7 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 9 97835 97835 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1677 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1678 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1678 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1678 3 26158593 26158593 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1678 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 2 Sanders Sanders NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 3 JG JG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 5 Beichman Beichman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 6 AC AC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 8 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 9 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 11 Scott Scott NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 12 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 14 Emerson Emerson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 15 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 17 McCarthy McCarthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 18 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 20 Girguis Girguis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 21 PR PR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 23 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 24 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1679 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 2 Baleen Baleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 3 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 4 host host VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 6 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 7 gut gut NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 8 microbiome microbiome NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 10 similarities similarity NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 12 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 13 carnivores carnivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 15 herbivores herbivore NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1680 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1681 1 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1681 2 Communications Communications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1681 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1682 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1682 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1682 3 8285 8285 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1682 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1683 1 Bibcode:2015NatCo Bibcode:2015NatCo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1683 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1683 3 6.8285S. 6.8285s. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1684 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1684 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1684 3 ncomms9285 ncomms9285 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1684 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1685 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1685 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1685 3 4595633 4595633 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1685 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1686 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1686 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1686 3 26393325 26393325 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1686 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1687 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1687 2 Speaksman Speaksman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1687 3 JR JR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1687 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1687 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1687 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1687 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 2 Energetics energetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 5 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 7 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 8 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 10 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 11 terrestrial terrestrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 12 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 15 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1688 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 1 Symposia Symposia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 4 Zoological Zoological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 7 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 9 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 12 69–81 69–81 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1689 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 4 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 5 DE DE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 7 Burnie Burnie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 8 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1690 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1691 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1691 2 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1691 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1691 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 1 Animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 4 Definitive definitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 5 Visual Visual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 6 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 11 Wildlife Wildlife NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 13 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1692 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1693 1 DK DK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1693 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1693 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1694 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1694 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1695 1 86–89 86–89 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1695 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 7 7894 7894 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 9 7764 7764 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1696 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1697 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1697 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1697 3 46422124 46422124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1697 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 4 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 5 Valkenburgh Valkenburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 8 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1698 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 2 Deja Deja NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 3 vu vu NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 6 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 8 feeding feed VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 9 morphologies morphology NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 12 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1699 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1700 1 Integrative integrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1700 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1700 3 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1700 4 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1700 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1701 1 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1701 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1701 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1701 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1701 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1701 6 147–63 147–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1701 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1702 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1702 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1702 3 icb icb NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1702 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1702 5 icm016 icm016 RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1702 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1703 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1703 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1703 3 21672827 21672827 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1703 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 2 Sacco Sacco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 5 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 6 Valkenburgh Valkenburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 7 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1704 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 2 Ecomorphological ecomorphological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 3 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 5 feeding feed VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 6 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 9 bears bear NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 11 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 13 Ursidae Ursidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1705 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1706 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1706 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1706 3 Zoology Zoology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1706 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1707 1 263 263 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1707 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1707 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1707 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1707 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1707 6 41–54 41–54 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1707 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1708 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1708 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1708 3 S0952836904004856 S0952836904004856 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1708 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 2 Singer Singer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 3 MS MS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 5 Bernays Bernays NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 6 EA EA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 8 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1709 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 2 Understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 3 omnivory omnivory NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 4 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 6 behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 7 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1710 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1711 1 Ecology ecology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1711 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1712 1 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1712 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1712 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1712 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1712 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1712 6 2532–2537 2532–2537 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1712 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1713 1 doi:10.1890/02 doi:10.1890/02 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1713 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1713 3 0397 0397 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1713 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 2 Hutson Hutson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 3 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 5 Burke Burke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 6 CC CC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 8 Haynes Haynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 9 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 13 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 15 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1714 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 2 Osteophagia osteophagia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 4 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 5 modifications modification NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 7 giraffe giraffe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 10 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 11 ungulates ungulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1715 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1716 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1716 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1716 3 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1716 4 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1716 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1717 1 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1717 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1717 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1717 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1717 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1717 6 4139–4149 4139–4149 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1717 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1718 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1718 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1718 3 j.jas.2013.06.004 j.jas.2013.06.004 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1718 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 3 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 4 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 5 Cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 6 Eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 7 Grass grass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1719 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1720 1 Pet pet JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1720 2 MD MD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1720 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1721 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1721 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1721 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1721 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1721 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1722 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1722 2 Geiser Geiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1722 3 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1722 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1722 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1722 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1722 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 2 Metabolic metabolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 3 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 5 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 6 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 7 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 9 hibernation hibernation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 11 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 12 torpor torpor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1723 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1724 1 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1724 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1724 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1724 4 Physiology Physiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1724 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1725 1 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1725 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1725 3 239–74 239–74 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1725 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1726 1 doi:10.1146 doi:10.1146 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1726 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1726 3 annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105 annurev.physiol.66.032102.115105 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1726 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1727 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1727 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1727 3 14977403 14977403 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1727 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1728 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1728 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1728 3 22397415 22397415 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1728 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 2 Humphries Humphries NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 3 MM MM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 5 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 6 DW DW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 8 Kramer Kramer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 9 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 11 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1729 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 3 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 5 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 6 availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 8 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 9 hibernation hibernation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 12 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 14 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 15 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1730 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1731 1 Physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1731 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1731 3 Biochemical Biochemical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1731 4 Zoology Zoology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1731 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1732 1 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1732 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1732 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1732 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1732 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1732 6 165–79 165–79 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1732 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1733 1 doi:10.1086/367950 doi:10.1086/367950 FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 1733 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1734 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1734 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1734 3 12794670 12794670 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1734 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1735 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1735 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1735 3 14675451 14675451 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1735 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 2 Barnes Barnes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 3 BM BM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1736 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 2 Freeze freeze NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 3 avoidance avoidance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 6 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 8 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 9 temperatures temperature NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 10 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 12 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 13 C c NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 16 Arctic Arctic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 17 hibernator hibernator NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1737 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1738 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1738 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1739 1 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1739 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1739 3 4912 4912 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1739 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1739 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1739 6 1593–5 1593–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1739 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1740 1 Bibcode:1989Sci bibcode:1989sci UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1740 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1740 3 244.1593B. 244.1593b. JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1741 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1741 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1741 3 science.2740905 science.2740905 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1741 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1742 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1742 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1742 3 2740905 2740905 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1742 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1743 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1743 2 Geiser Geiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1743 3 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1743 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1743 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1743 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1743 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 2 Aestivation Aestivation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 4 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 6 Birds Birds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1744 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 2 Navas Navas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 3 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 5 Carvalho Carvalho NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 6 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 8 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1745 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1746 1 Aestivation aestivation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1746 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1746 3 Molecular Molecular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1746 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1746 5 Physiological Physiological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1746 6 Aspects Aspects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1746 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1747 1 Progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1747 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1747 3 Molecular Molecular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1747 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1747 5 Subcellular Subcellular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1747 6 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1747 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1748 1 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1748 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1749 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1749 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1749 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1749 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1750 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1750 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1751 1 95–113 95–113 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1751 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 1 doi:10.1007/978 doi:10.1007/978 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 5 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 7 02421 02421 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1752 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 7 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 9 02420 02420 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1753 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 2 Mann Mann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 5 Patterson Patterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 6 EM EM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 8 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1754 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 2 Tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 5 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 6 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1755 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 1 Philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 2 Transactions Transactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 5 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1756 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1757 1 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1757 2 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1757 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1757 4 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1757 5 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1757 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 1 368 368 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 3 1630 1630 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 6 20120424 20120424 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 8 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 10 rstb.2012.0424 rstb.2012.0424 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1758 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1759 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1759 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1759 3 4027413 4027413 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1759 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1760 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1760 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1760 3 24101631 24101631 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1760 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1761 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1761 2 Raffaele Raffaele NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1761 3 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1761 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1761 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1761 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1761 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 3 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 4 Apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 6 Adventures adventure NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 9 Trail Trail NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 11 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 12 Closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 13 Relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1762 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1763 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1763 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1763 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1763 4 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1763 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1764 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1764 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1764 3 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1764 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 7 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 9 167184 167184 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1765 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1766 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1766 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1766 3 674694369 674694369 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1766 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1767 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1767 2 Köhler Köhler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1767 3 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1767 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1767 5 1925 1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1767 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1767 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1768 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1768 2 Mentality Mentality NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1768 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1768 4 Apes Apes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1768 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1769 1 Liveright liveright JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1769 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 7 87140 87140 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 9 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1770 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1771 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1771 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1771 3 2000769 2000769 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1771 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 2 McGowan McGowan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 3 RT RT NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 5 Rehn Rehn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 6 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 8 Norling norle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 9 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 11 Keeling Keeling NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 12 LJ LJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 14 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 15 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1772 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 2 Positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 3 affect affect NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 5 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 7 exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 10 Eureka Eureka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 11 Effect Effect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 14 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1773 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1774 1 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1774 2 Cognition Cognition NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1774 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1775 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1775 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1775 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1775 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1775 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1775 6 577–87 577–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1775 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 3 s10071 s10071 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 5 013 013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 7 0688-x 0688-x NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1776 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1777 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1777 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1777 3 24096703 24096703 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1777 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1778 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1778 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1778 3 15216926 15216926 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1778 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 2 Karbowski Karbowski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1779 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 2 Global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 4 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 5 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 6 metabolic metabolic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 7 scaling scaling NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 10 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 11 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1780 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1781 1 BMC BMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1781 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1781 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 8 arXiv:0705.2913 arxiv:0705.2913 UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1782 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1783 1 Bibcode:2007arXiv0705.2913K. Bibcode:2007arXiv0705.2913K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 1 doi:10.1186/1741 doi:10.1186/1741 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 3 7007 7007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 5 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 7 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1784 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1785 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1785 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1785 3 1884139 1884139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1785 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1786 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1786 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1786 3 17488526 17488526 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1786 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 2 Marino Marino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 3 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1787 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 2 Cetacean cetacean JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 3 brains brain NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 5 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 6 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1788 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1789 1 Anatomical anatomical JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1789 2 Record Record NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1789 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1790 1 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1790 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1790 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1790 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1790 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1790 6 694–700 694–700 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1790 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1791 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1791 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1791 3 ar.20530 ar.20530 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1791 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1792 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1792 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1792 3 17516433 17516433 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1792 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 2 Gallop Gallop NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 3 GG GG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 5 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 6 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1793 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 2 Chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 4 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 6 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1794 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1795 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1795 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1796 1 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1796 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1796 3 3914 3914 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1796 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1796 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1796 6 86–7 86–7 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1796 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1797 1 Bibcode:1970Sci bibcode:1970sci UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1797 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1797 3 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1797 4 ... ... CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1797 5 86G. 86G. . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1798 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1798 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1798 3 science.167.3914.86 science.167.3914.86 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1798 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1799 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1799 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1799 3 4982211 4982211 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1799 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1800 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1800 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1800 3 145295899 145295899 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1800 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 2 Plotnik Plotnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 3 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 5 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 6 Waal Waal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 7 FB FB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 9 Reiss Reiss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 10 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 12 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 13 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1801 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 2 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 4 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 7 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 8 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1802 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1803 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1804 1 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1804 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1804 3 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1804 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1804 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1804 6 17053–7 17053–7 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1804 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1805 1 Bibcode:2006PNAS Bibcode:2006PNAS NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1805 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1805 3 10317053P. 10317053p. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1806 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1806 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1806 3 pnas.0608062103 pnas.0608062103 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1806 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1807 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1807 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1807 3 1636577 1636577 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1807 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1808 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1808 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1808 3 17075063 17075063 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1808 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1809 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1809 2 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1809 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1809 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1809 5 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1809 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1809 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 2 Ontogeny ontogeny NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 4 mirror mirror NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 5 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 8 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 10 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 11 apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1810 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1811 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1811 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1811 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1811 4 Primatology Primatology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1811 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1812 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1812 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1812 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1812 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1812 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1812 6 109–117 109–117 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1812 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1813 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1813 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1813 3 ajp.1350100202 ajp.1350100202 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1813 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1814 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1814 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1814 3 31979488 31979488 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1814 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 2 Walraven Walraven NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 3 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 5 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 6 Elsacker Elsacker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 7 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 9 Verheyen Verheyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 10 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 12 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1815 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 2 Reactions reaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 5 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 7 pygmy pygmy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 8 chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 10 Pan Pan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 11 paniscus paniscus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 15 mirror mirror NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 16 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 18 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 20 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 22 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1816 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1817 1 Primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1817 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1818 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1818 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1818 3 145–150 145–150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1818 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1819 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1819 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1819 3 bf02381922 bf02381922 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1819 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1820 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1820 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1820 3 38985498 38985498 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1820 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1821 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1821 2 Leakey leakey NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1821 3 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1821 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1821 5 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1821 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1821 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 3 Origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 6 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1822 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1823 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1823 2 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1823 3 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1823 4 Humankind Humankind NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1823 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1824 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1824 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1824 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1824 4 BasicBooks BasicBooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1824 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1825 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1825 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1825 3 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1825 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 7 465 465 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 9 05313 05313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1826 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1827 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1827 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1827 3 30739453 30739453 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1827 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1828 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1828 2 Archer Archer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1828 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1828 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1828 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1828 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1828 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1829 1 Ethology Ethology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1829 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1829 3 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1829 4 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1829 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1830 1 Rowman Rowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1830 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1830 3 Littlefield Littlefield NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1830 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1831 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1831 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1832 1 215–218 215–218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1832 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 7 389 389 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 9 20996 20996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1833 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1834 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1834 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1834 3 25874476 25874476 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1834 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 4 Marten Marten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 5 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 7 Psarakos Psarakos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 8 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 10 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1835 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 2 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 4 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 6 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 9 bottlenose bottlenose JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 10 dolphin dolphin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 12 Tursiops Tursiops NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 13 truncatus truncatus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1836 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 2 Parker Parker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 3 ST ST NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 5 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 6 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 8 Boccia Boccia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1837 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 1 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 3 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 5 Animals Animals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 7 Humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 9 Developmental Developmental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 10 Perspectives Perspectives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1838 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1839 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1839 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1839 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1839 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1839 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1839 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1840 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1840 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1841 1 361–379 361–379 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1841 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 9 44108 44108 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1842 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1843 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1843 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1843 3 28180680 28180680 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1843 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 4 Delfour Delfour NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 5 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 7 Marten Marten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 8 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 10 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 11 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1844 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 2 Mirror Mirror NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 3 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 4 processing processing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 7 marine marine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 8 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 9 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 11 killer killer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 12 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 14 Orcinus Orcinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 15 orca orca NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 18 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 19 killer killer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 20 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 22 Pseudorca Pseudorca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 23 crassidens crassiden NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 26 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 27 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 28 lions lion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 30 Zalophus Zalophus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 31 californianus californianus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1845 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1846 1 Behavioural behavioural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1846 2 Processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1846 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1847 1 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1847 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1847 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1847 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1847 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1847 6 181–190 181–190 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1847 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 3 s0376 s0376 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 5 6357(01)00134 6357(01)00134 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 7 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1848 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1849 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1849 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1849 3 11334706 11334706 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1849 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1850 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1850 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1850 3 31124804 31124804 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1850 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 2 Jarvis Jarvis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 3 JU JU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 6 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1851 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 2 Eusociality eusociality NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 5 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 7 cooperative cooperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 8 breeding breeding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 10 naked naked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 11 mole mole JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 13 rat rat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 14 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1852 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1853 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1853 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1854 1 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1854 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1854 3 4494 4494 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1854 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1854 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1854 6 571–3 571–3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1854 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1855 1 Bibcode:1981Sci Bibcode:1981Sci NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1855 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1855 3 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1855 4 .. .. . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1855 5 571J. 571j. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1856 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1856 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1856 3 science.7209555 science.7209555 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1856 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1857 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1857 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1857 3 1686202 1686202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1857 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1858 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1858 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1858 3 7209555 7209555 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1858 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1859 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1859 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1859 3 880054 880054 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1859 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1860 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1860 2 Jacobs Jacobs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1860 3 DS DS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1860 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1860 5 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1860 6 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1860 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1861 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1861 2 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1861 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1861 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 3 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 4 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 6 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 7 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 10 Damaraland Damaraland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 11 mole mole NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 13 rat rat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 15 Cryptomys Cryptomys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 16 damarensis damarensis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 18 Rodentia Rodentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 20 Bathyergidae Bathyergidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 23 Namibia Namibia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1862 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1863 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1863 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1863 3 Zoology Zoology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1863 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1864 1 224 224 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1864 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1864 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1864 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1864 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1864 6 553–576 553–576 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1864 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1865 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1865 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1865 3 j.1469 j.1469 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1865 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1865 5 7998.1991.tb03785.x 7998.1991.tb03785.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1865 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1866 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1866 2 Hardy Hardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1866 3 SB SB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1866 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1866 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1866 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1866 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 1 Mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 3 Others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 6 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 7 Origins Origins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 9 Mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 10 Understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1867 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 1 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 3 Belknap Belknap NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 6 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1868 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1869 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1869 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1870 1 92–93 92–93 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1870 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 2 Harlow Harlow NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 3 HF HF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 5 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 6 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 8 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 9 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1871 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 2 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 3 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 5 isolation isolation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 7 reared rear VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 8 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1872 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1873 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1874 1 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1874 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1874 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1874 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1874 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1874 6 1534–8 1534–8 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1874 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1875 1 Bibcode:1971PNAS bibcode:1971pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1875 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1875 3 68.1534H. 68.1534h. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1876 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1876 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1876 3 pnas.68.7.1534 pnas.68.7.1534 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1876 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1877 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1877 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1877 3 389234 389234 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1877 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1878 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1878 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1878 3 5283943 5283943 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1878 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 3 Schaik Schaik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 4 CP CP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 6 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1879 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 3 socioecology socioecology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 5 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 7 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 8 sociality sociality NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 10 Orangutans Orangutans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1880 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1881 1 Primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1881 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1881 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1881 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1881 5 Primatology Primatology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1881 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1882 1 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1882 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1882 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1882 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1882 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1882 6 69–86 69–86 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1882 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1883 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1883 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1883 3 BF02557703 bf02557703 XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 1883 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1884 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1884 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1884 3 23179533 23179533 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1884 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1885 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1885 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1885 3 13366732 13366732 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1885 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 2 Archie Archie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 3 EA EA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 5 Moss Moss NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 6 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 8 Alberts Alberts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 9 SC SC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 11 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 12 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1886 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 3 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 5 bind bind VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 7 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 8 relatedness relatedness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 9 predicts predict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 11 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 13 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 15 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 16 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 18 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 19 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 20 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1887 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1888 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1888 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1889 1 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1889 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1889 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1890 1 273 273 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1890 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1890 3 1586 1586 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1890 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1890 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1890 6 513–22 513–22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1890 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1891 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1891 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1891 3 rspb.2005.3361 rspb.2005.3361 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1891 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1892 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1892 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1892 3 1560064 1560064 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1892 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1893 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1893 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1893 3 16537121 16537121 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1893 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 2 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 3 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 5 Memenis Memenis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 6 SK SK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 8 Holekamp Holekamp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 9 KE KE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1894 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 2 Rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 4 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 5 partner partner NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 6 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 9 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 11 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 12 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 15 spotted spotted JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 16 hyena hyena NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 18 Crocuta crocuta JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 19 crocuta crocuta NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 23 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1895 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1896 1 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1896 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1896 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1896 4 Sociobiology Sociobiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1896 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1897 1 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1897 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1897 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1897 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1897 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1897 6 753–765 753–765 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1897 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 3 s00265 s00265 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 5 006 006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 7 0305-y 0305-y NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1898 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1899 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1899 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1899 3 24927919 24927919 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1899 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 11 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 13 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1900 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 2 Matoba Matoba NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 5 Kutsukake Kutsukake NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 6 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 8 Hasegawa Hasegawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 9 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1901 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1902 1 Hayward Hayward NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1902 2 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1902 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1902 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1902 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1902 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1902 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 2 Head head NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 3 rubbing rub VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 5 licking lick VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 6 reinforce reinforce VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 8 bonds bond NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 13 captive captive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 14 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 15 lions lion NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 17 Panthera Panthera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 18 leo leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1903 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1904 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1904 2 ONE one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1904 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1905 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1905 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1905 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1905 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1905 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1905 6 e73044 e73044 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1905 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1906 1 Bibcode:2013PLoSO bibcode:2013ploso NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1906 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1906 3 873044M. 873044m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1907 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1907 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1907 3 journal.pone.0073044 journal.pone.0073044 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1907 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1908 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1908 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1908 3 3762833 3762833 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1908 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1909 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1909 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1909 3 24023806 24023806 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1909 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 2 Krützen Krützen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 5 Barré Barré NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 6 LM LM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 8 Connor Connor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 9 RC RC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 11 Mann Mann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 12 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 14 Sherwin Sherwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 15 WB WB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 17 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 18 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1910 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 2 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 3 O o UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 4 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 6 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 7 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 8 thou thou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1911 10 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 1 --Paternity --Paternity : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 2 assessment assessment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 5 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 6 fission fission NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 8 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 9 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 11 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 12 bottlenose bottlenose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 13 dolphins dolphin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 15 Tursiops Tursiops NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 16 sp sp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1912 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 2 Shark Shark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 3 Bay Bay NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 5 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 6 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1913 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1914 1 Molecular Molecular NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1914 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1914 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1915 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1915 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1915 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1915 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1915 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1915 6 1975–90 1975–90 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1915 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1916 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1916 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1916 3 j.1365 j.1365 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1916 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1916 5 294X.2004.02192.x 294x.2004.02192.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1916 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1917 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1917 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1917 3 15189218 15189218 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1917 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1918 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1918 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1918 3 4510393 4510393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1918 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1919 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1919 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1919 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1919 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1919 5 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1919 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1919 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 2 Rainforests Rainforests NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 4 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 7 Ecology ecology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 9 Threats Threats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 11 Conservation conservation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 13 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 14 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1920 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1921 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1921 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 1 doi:10.1007/978 doi:10.1007/978 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 5 0348 0348 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 7 7726 7726 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1922 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 7 0348 0348 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 9 7726 7726 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1923 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 2 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 3 Roux Roux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 6 Cherry Cherry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 7 MI MI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 9 Gygax Gygax NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 10 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 12 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 13 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 14 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1924 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 2 Vigilance vigilance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 3 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 5 fitness fitness NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 6 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 8 comparing compare VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 10 solitary solitary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 11 foraging foraging NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 14 obligate obligate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 17 foraging forage VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 18 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1925 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1926 1 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1926 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1926 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1926 4 Sociobiology Sociobiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1926 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1927 1 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1927 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1927 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1927 4 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1927 5 1097–1107 1097–1107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1927 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 3 s00265 s00265 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 5 009 009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 7 0762 0762 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1928 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1929 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1929 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1929 3 21961356 21961356 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1929 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 2 Palagi Palagi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 5 Norscia Norscia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 6 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1930 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1931 1 Samonds samond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1931 2 KE KE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1931 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1931 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1931 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1931 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1931 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 3 Season season NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 5 Peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 7 Reconciliation reconciliation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 10 Despotic Despotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 11 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 13 Lemur Lemur NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 14 catta catta NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1932 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1933 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1933 2 ONE one CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1933 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1934 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1934 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1934 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1934 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1934 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1934 6 e0142150 e0142150 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1934 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1935 1 Bibcode:2015PLoSO Bibcode:2015PLoSO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1935 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1935 3 1042150P. 1042150p. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1936 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1936 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1936 3 journal.pone.0142150 journal.pone.0142150 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1936 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1937 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1937 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1937 3 4646466 4646466 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1937 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1938 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1938 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1938 3 26569400 26569400 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1938 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 2 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 3 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 5 Hofer Hofer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 6 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 8 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1939 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 2 Male male NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 3 spotted spot VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 4 hyenas hyena NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 6 Crocuta crocuta JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 7 crocuta crocuta NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 9 queue queue NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 11 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 13 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 14 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 15 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 17 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1940 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1941 1 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1941 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1941 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1942 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1942 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1942 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1942 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1942 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1942 6 558–568 558–568 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1942 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1943 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1943 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1943 3 beheco/12.5.558 beheco/12.5.558 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1943 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 2 Samuels Samuels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 5 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 6 JB JB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 8 Rodman Rodman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 9 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 11 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1944 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 2 Changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 5 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 6 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 8 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 9 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 11 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 12 bonnet bonnet NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 13 macaques macaque NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 15 Macaca Macaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 16 radiate radiate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1945 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1946 1 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1946 2 Behaviour Behaviour NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1946 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1947 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1947 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1947 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1947 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1947 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1947 6 994–1003 994–1003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1947 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 3 s0003 s0003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 5 3472(84)80212 3472(84)80212 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1948 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1949 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1949 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1949 3 53186523 53186523 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1949 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 2 Delpietro Delpietro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 3 HA HA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 5 Russo Russo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 6 RG RG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1950 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 2 Observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 6 vampire vampire NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 7 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 9 Desmodus Desmodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 10 rotundus rotundus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 14 hairy hairy JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 16 legged legged JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 17 vampire vampire JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 18 bat bat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 20 Diphylla Diphylla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 21 ecaudata ecaudata NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 24 captivity captivity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1951 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1952 1 Mammalian Mammalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1952 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1952 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1953 1 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1953 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1953 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1953 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1953 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1953 6 65–78 65–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1953 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1954 1 doi:10.1078/1616 doi:10.1078/1616 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1954 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1954 3 5047 5047 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1954 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1954 5 00011 00011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1954 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 2 Kleiman Kleiman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 3 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 6 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1955 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1956 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1956 2 Monogamy Monogamy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1956 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1956 4 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1956 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1956 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1957 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1957 2 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1957 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1957 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1957 5 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1957 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1958 1 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1958 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1958 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1958 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1958 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1958 6 39–69 39–69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1958 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1959 1 doi:10.1086/409721 doi:10.1086/409721 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1959 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1960 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1960 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1960 3 857268 857268 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1960 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1961 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1961 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1961 3 25675086 25675086 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1961 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 2 Holland Holland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 3 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 5 Rice Rice NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 6 WR WR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 8 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 9 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1962 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 2 Perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 4 Chase Chase NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 6 Away away RP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 7 Sexual Sexual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 8 Selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 10 Antagonistic Antagonistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 11 Seduction Seduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 12 Versus Versus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 13 Resistance Resistance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1963 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 1 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 3 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 4 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 6 Organic Organic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 7 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1964 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1965 1 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1965 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1965 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1965 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1965 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1965 6 1–7 1–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1965 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1966 1 doi:10.2307/2410914 doi:10.2307/2410914 UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1966 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1967 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1967 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1967 3 2410914 2410914 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1967 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1968 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1968 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1968 3 28568154 28568154 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1968 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 9 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 11 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 13 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1969 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1970 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1970 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1970 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1970 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1970 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1970 6 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1970 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 2 Clutton Clutton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 4 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 5 TH TH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 8 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1971 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1972 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1972 2 Mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1972 3 mating mating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1972 4 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1972 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1972 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 4 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 5 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 7 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1973 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1974 1 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1974 2 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1974 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1974 4 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1974 5 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1974 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1975 1 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1975 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1975 3 1285 1285 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1975 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1975 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1975 6 339–72 339–72 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1975 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1976 1 Bibcode:1989RSPSB.236 Bibcode:1989RSPSB.236 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1976 2 .. .. . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1976 3 339C. 339c. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1977 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1977 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1977 3 rspb.1989.0027 rspb.1989.0027 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1977 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1978 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1978 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1978 3 2567517 2567517 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1978 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1979 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1979 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1979 3 84780662 84780662 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1979 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 2 Boness Boness NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 3 DJ DJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 5 Bowen Bowen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 6 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 8 Buhleier Buhleier NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 9 BM BM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 11 Marshall Marshall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 12 GJ GJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 14 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1980 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 2 Mating mating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 3 tactics tactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 5 mating mate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 9 aquatic aquatic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 11 mating mating NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 12 pinniped pinnipe VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 15 harbor harbor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 16 seal seal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 18 Phoca Phoca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 19 vitulina vitulina NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1981 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1982 1 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1982 2 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1982 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1982 4 Sociobiology Sociobiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1982 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1983 1 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1983 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1983 3 119–130 119–130 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1983 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 3 s00265 s00265 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 5 006 006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 7 0242 0242 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1984 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1985 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1985 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1985 3 25266746 25266746 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1985 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1986 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1986 2 Klopfer Klopfer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1986 3 PH PH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1986 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1986 5 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1986 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1986 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1987 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1987 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1987 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1987 4 Parental Parental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1987 5 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1987 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1987 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 2 Gubernick Gubernick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 3 DJ DJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1988 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1989 1 Parental Parental NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1989 2 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1989 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1989 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1989 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1990 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1990 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1990 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1990 4 Plenum Plenum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1990 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1990 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 7 4613 4613 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 9 3150 3150 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1991 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1992 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1992 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1992 3 913709574 913709574 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1992 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 2 Murthy Murthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 5 Bearman Bearman NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 8 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 9 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 11 Bryant Bryant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 12 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 14 Chinn Chinn NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 15 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 17 Hewlett Hewlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 18 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 20 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 21 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1993 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1994 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1994 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1994 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1994 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1994 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 2 Animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 4 healthcare healthcare NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 5 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 7 recommendations recommendation NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 9 minimize minimize VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 10 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 11 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1995 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1996 1 Infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 1996 2 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1996 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 1996 4 Hospital Hospital NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1996 5 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1996 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1997 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1997 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1997 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1997 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 1997 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 1997 6 495–516 495–516 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1997 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1998 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1998 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 1998 3 ice.2015.15 ice.2015.15 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1998 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 1999 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1999 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 1999 3 25998315 25998315 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 1999 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 3 Humane Humane NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2000 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2001 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2001 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2001 3 Pet Pet NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2001 4 Ownership Ownership NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2001 5 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2001 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2001 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2002 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2002 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2002 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2002 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2002 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2003 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2003 2 USDA USDA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2003 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 3 Rabbit Rabbit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 4 Industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 5 profile profile NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2004 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 10 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 11 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2005 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2006 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2006 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2006 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2006 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2006 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 2 McKie McKie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 5 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2007 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 2 Prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 3 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 4 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 7 Dordogne Dordogne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2008 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2009 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2009 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2009 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2010 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2010 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2010 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2010 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2010 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 2 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 5 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 6 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2011 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 3 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 5 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 6 portraits portrait NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 8 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2012 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2013 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2013 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2013 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2014 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2014 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2014 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2014 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2014 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 3 Deer Deer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 4 Hunting Hunting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 11 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 13 Hunter Hunter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 14 Demographics Demographics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 16 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 17 Addendum Addendum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 20 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 21 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 22 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 24 Fishing Fishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 26 Hunting Hunting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 29 Wildlife Wildlife NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 31 Associated Associated NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 32 Recreation Recreation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 33 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 34 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 35 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 36 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2015 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 1 Fishery Fishery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 3 Wildlife Wildlife NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 4 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 6 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2016 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2017 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2017 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2017 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2017 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2017 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 2 Shelton Shelton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 3 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 9 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2018 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 2 Recreational recreational JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 3 Hog Hog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 4 Hunting Hunting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 5 Popularity Popularity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 6 Soaring Soaring NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2019 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2020 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2020 2 Natchez Natchez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2020 3 Democrat Democrat NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2020 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2021 1 Gramd Gramd NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2021 2 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2021 3 Outdoors outdoors RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2021 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2022 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2023 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2023 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2023 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2023 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2023 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 2 Nguyen Nguyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 5 Wheatley Wheatley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 6 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2024 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 1 Hunting Hunting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 2 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 3 Food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 5 Guide guide VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 7 Harvesting harvesting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 9 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 10 Dressing dressing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 12 Cooking Cooking NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 13 Wild Wild NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 14 Game Game NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2025 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2026 1 F+W F+W NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2026 2 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2026 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2027 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2027 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2028 1 6–77 6–77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2028 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 7 4403 4403 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 9 3856 3856 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2029 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 1 Chapters chapter NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 3 hunting hunt VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 4 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 6 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 7 hog hog NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 9 boar boar NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 12 rabbit rabbit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 15 squirrel squirrel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2030 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2031 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2031 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2031 3 Horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2031 4 racing racing NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2031 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2031 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2032 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2032 2 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2032 3 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2032 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2033 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2034 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2034 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2034 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2034 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2034 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2035 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2035 2 Genders gender NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2035 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2035 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2035 5 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2035 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2035 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2036 1 Encyclopaedia encyclopaedia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2036 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2036 3 Greyhound Greyhound NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2036 4 Racing Racing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2036 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2037 1 Pelham Pelham NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2037 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2037 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 7 7207 7207 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 9 1106 1106 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2038 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2039 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2039 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2039 3 9324926 9324926 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2039 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2040 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2040 2 Plous Plous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2040 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2040 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2040 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2040 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2040 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 3 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 5 Animals Animals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 7 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 8 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2041 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2042 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2042 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2042 3 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2042 4 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2042 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2043 1 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2043 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2043 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2043 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2043 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2043 6 1–9 1–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2043 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2044 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2044 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2044 3 j.1540 j.1540 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2044 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2044 5 4560.1993.tb00906.x 4560.1993.tb00906.x CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2044 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 2 Fowler Fowler NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 3 KJ KJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 5 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2045 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 2 Top Top NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 4 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 5 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 6 intelligent intelligent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 7 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2046 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2047 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2047 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2047 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2048 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2048 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2048 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2048 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2048 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 2 Gamble Gamble NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 3 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 5 Yates Yates NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 6 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2049 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 1 Exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 2 Children Children NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2050 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2051 1 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2051 2 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2051 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2051 4 Sage sage NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2051 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 7 4129 4129 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 9 3013 3013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2052 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2053 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2053 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2053 3 71285210 71285210 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2053 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2054 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2054 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2054 3 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2054 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2054 5 Adults Adults NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2054 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2054 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2055 1 Seal Seal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2055 2 Sitters Sitters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2055 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2056 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2056 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2056 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2056 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2056 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2057 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2057 2 Paterson Paterson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2057 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2057 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2057 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2057 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2057 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 2 Animals Animals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 4 Film Film NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 6 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2058 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2059 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2059 2 Bibliographies Bibliographies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2059 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2060 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2060 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2060 3 obo/9780199791286 obo/9780199791286 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2060 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2060 5 0044 0044 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2060 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2061 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2061 2 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2061 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2061 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2061 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2061 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2061 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 1 Cattle Cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 5 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 7 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2062 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2063 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2063 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2063 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2063 4 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2063 5 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2063 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2063 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 7 7141 7141 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 9 5084 5084 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2064 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2065 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2065 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2065 3 665137673 665137673 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2065 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2066 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2066 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2066 3 Gulik Gulik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2066 4 RH RH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2066 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 1 Hayagrīva Hayagrīva NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 4 Mantrayānic Mantrayānic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 5 Aspect Aspect NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 7 Horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 9 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 11 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 13 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2067 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2068 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2068 2 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2068 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2069 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2069 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2069 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2069 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 2 Grainger Grainger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 5 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 6 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 7 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2070 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 2 Lion Lion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 3 Depiction Depiction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 4 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 7 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 8 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2071 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2072 1 ALERT alert UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2072 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2073 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2074 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2074 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2074 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2074 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2074 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2074 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 3 Graphic graphic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 4 detail detail NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 5 Charts chart NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 7 maps map NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 9 infographics infographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2075 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2076 1 Counting count VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2076 2 chickens chicken NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2076 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2076 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2077 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2077 2 Economist Economist NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2077 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2078 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2078 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2078 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2078 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2079 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2079 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2079 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2079 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2079 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 3 Breeds breed NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 5 Cattle Cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 7 CATTLE CATTLE NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 8 TODAY TODAY NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2080 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2081 1 Cattle Cattle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2081 2 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2081 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2082 1 Cattle-today.com cattle-today.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2082 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2083 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2083 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2083 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2083 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2083 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2083 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2084 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2084 2 Lukefahr Lukefahr NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2084 3 SD SD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2084 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2084 5 Cheeke Cheeke NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2084 6 PR PR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2084 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 2 Rabbit rabbit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 3 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 4 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 5 strategies strategy NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 7 subsistence subsistence NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 8 farming farming NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 9 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2085 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2086 1 Food Food NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2086 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2086 3 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2086 4 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2086 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2087 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2087 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2087 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2087 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2087 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2087 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2088 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2088 2 Pond Pond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2088 3 WG WG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2088 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2088 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2088 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2088 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2089 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2089 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2089 3 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2089 4 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2089 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2090 1 CRC CRC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2090 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2090 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2091 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2091 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2092 1 248–250 248–250 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2092 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 7 8247 8247 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 9 5496 5496 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2093 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2094 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2094 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2094 3 57033325 57033325 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2094 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2095 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2095 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2095 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2095 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2095 5 Leather Leather NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2095 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2095 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2096 1 Moore Moore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2096 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2096 3 Giles Giles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2096 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2097 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2097 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2097 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2097 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2097 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2098 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2098 2 Braaten Braaten NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2098 3 AW AW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2098 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2098 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2098 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2098 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2099 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2099 2 Wool wool NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2099 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2099 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 2 Steele Steele NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 3 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2100 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2101 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2101 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2101 3 Clothing Clothing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2101 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2101 5 Fashion Fashion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2101 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2102 1 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2102 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2103 1 Thomson Thomson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2103 2 Gale Gale NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2103 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2104 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2104 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2105 1 441–443 441–443 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 7 684 684 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 9 31394 31394 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2106 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2107 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2107 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2107 3 963977000 963977000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2107 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 2 Quiggle Quiggle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 5 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 6 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2108 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 2 Alpaca alpaca NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 6 Luxury Luxury NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2109 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2110 1 Interweave Interweave NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2110 2 Knits Knits NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2110 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2110 4 74–76 74–76 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2110 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2111 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2111 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2111 3 Genetics Genetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2111 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2111 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2111 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2112 1 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2112 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2112 3 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2112 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 6 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 9 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2113 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2114 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2114 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2114 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2114 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2114 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2114 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2115 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2115 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2115 3 Drug Drug NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2115 4 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2115 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2115 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2116 1 Animal animal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2116 2 Research.info research.info NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2116 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2117 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2117 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2117 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2117 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2117 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2117 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 3 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 4 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 5 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 6 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 8 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 9 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 10 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2118 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2119 1 Speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2119 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2119 3 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2119 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2120 1 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2120 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2121 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2121 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2121 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2121 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2121 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2121 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2122 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2122 2 Pilcher Pilcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2122 3 HR HR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2122 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2122 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2122 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2122 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2123 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2123 2 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2123 3 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2123 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2123 5 knockout knockout NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2123 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2123 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2124 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2124 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2125 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2125 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2125 3 news030512 news030512 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2125 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2125 5 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2125 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2126 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2126 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2126 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2126 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2126 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2126 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 4 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 8 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 11 EU EU NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2127 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2128 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2128 2 Biomedical Biomedical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2128 3 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2128 4 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2128 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2129 1 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2129 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 10 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2130 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 2 Carlsson Carlsson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 3 HE HE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 5 Schapiro Schapiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 6 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 8 Farah Farah NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 9 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 11 Hau Hau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 12 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 14 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 15 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2131 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 2 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 4 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 9 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 10 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2132 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2133 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2133 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2133 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2133 4 Primatology Primatology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2133 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2134 1 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2134 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2134 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2134 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2134 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2134 6 225–37 225–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2134 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2135 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2135 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2135 3 ajp.20054 ajp.20054 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2135 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2136 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2136 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2136 3 15300710 15300710 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2136 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2137 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2137 2 Weatherall Weatherall NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2137 3 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2137 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2137 5 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2137 6 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2137 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2138 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2138 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2138 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2138 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 2 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 4 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 7 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 9 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 14 Report report NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2139 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 3 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 7 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 8 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2140 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 11 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 13 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2141 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2142 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2142 2 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2142 3 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2142 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2142 5 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2142 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2142 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 2 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 6 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 8 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 10 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 11 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2143 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 1 Guns gun NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 3 Germs Germs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 6 Steel steel NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 9 Fates Fates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 11 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 12 Societies Societies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 14 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 15 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2144 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 4 W.W. W.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 5 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 7 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2145 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 7 393 393 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 9 03891 03891 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2146 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2147 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2147 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2147 3 35792200 35792200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2147 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 2 Larson Larson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 3 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 5 Burger Burger NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2148 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 3 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 4 genetics genetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 5 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 7 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 8 domestication domestication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2149 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2150 1 Trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2150 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2150 3 Genetics Genetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2150 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2151 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2151 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2151 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2151 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2151 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2151 6 197–205 197–205 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2151 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2152 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2152 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2152 3 j.tig.2013.01.003 j.tig.2013.01.003 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2152 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2153 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2153 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2153 3 23415592 23415592 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2153 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 2 Zeder Zeder NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 5 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2154 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 2 Domestication domestication NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 4 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 5 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 8 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 9 Basin Basin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 11 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 13 diffusion diffusion NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 16 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2155 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2156 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2157 1 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2157 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2157 3 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2157 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2157 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2157 6 11597–604 11597–604 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2157 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2158 1 Bibcode:2008PNAS Bibcode:2008PNAS NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2158 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2158 3 10511597Z. 10511597z. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2159 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2159 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2159 3 pnas.0801317105 pnas.0801317105 XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 2159 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2160 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2160 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2160 3 2575338 2575338 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2160 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2161 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2161 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2161 3 18697943 18697943 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2161 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2162 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2162 2 Price price NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2162 3 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2162 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2162 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2162 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2162 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 1 Principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 3 applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 5 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 6 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 7 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 10 introductory introductory JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 11 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2163 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2164 1 Sacramento Sacramento NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2164 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2164 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2164 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2164 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2164 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 7 84593 84593 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 9 398 398 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2165 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2166 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2166 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2166 3 226038028 226038028 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2166 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 2 Taupitz Taupitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 5 Weschka Weschka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2167 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 1 Chimbrids chimbrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 3 Chimeras Chimeras NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 5 Hybrids Hybrids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 7 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 8 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 10 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 11 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2168 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2169 1 Heidelberg Heidelberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2169 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2169 3 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2169 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2170 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2170 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2170 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2170 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 7 540 540 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 9 93869 93869 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2171 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2172 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2172 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2172 3 495479133 495479133 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2172 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 2 Chambers Chambers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 3 SM SM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 5 Fain Fain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 6 SR SR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 8 Fazio Fazio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 9 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 11 Amaral Amaral NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 12 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 14 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2173 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 3 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 6 taxonomy taxonomy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 8 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 9 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 10 wolves wolf NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 12 morphological morphological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 14 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 15 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2174 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2175 1 North north JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2175 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2175 3 Fauna Fauna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2175 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 1 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 5 doi:10.3996 doi:10.3996 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 7 nafa.77.0001 nafa.77.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2176 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 3 Vuure Vuure NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 4 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2177 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 1 Retracing retrace VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 3 Aurochs Aurochs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 7 Morphology Morphology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 9 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 12 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 13 wild wild JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 14 Ox ox NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2178 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2179 1 Pensoft Pensoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2179 2 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2179 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 5 954 954 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 7 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 9 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2180 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2181 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2181 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2181 3 940879282 940879282 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2181 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 2 Mooney Mooney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 3 HA HA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 5 Cleland Cleland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 6 EE EE NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 8 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 9 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2182 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 3 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 4 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 6 invasive invasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 7 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2183 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2184 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2185 1 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2185 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2185 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2185 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2185 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2185 6 5446–51 5446–51 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2185 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2186 1 Bibcode:2001PNAS Bibcode:2001PNAS NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2186 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2186 3 98.5446M. 98.5446m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2187 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2187 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2187 3 pnas.091093398 pnas.091093398 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2187 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2188 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2188 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2188 3 33232 33232 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2188 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2189 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2189 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2189 3 11344292 11344292 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2189 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 2 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 3 Roux Roux NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 4 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 6 Foxcroft Foxcroft NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 7 LC LC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 9 Herbst Herbst NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 10 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 12 MacFadyen MacFadyen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 13 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 15 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 16 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2190 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 2 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 4 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 5 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 6 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 8 hybridization hybridization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 10 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 11 wildcats wildcat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 13 Felis Felis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 14 silvestris silvestris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 15 lybica lybica NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 18 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 19 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 21 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 22 s. s. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 23 catus catus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 26 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 27 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2191 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2192 1 Ecology ecology NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2192 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2192 3 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2192 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2193 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2193 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2193 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2193 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2193 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2193 6 288–99 288–99 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2193 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2194 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2194 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2194 3 ece3.1275 ece3.1275 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2194 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2195 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2195 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2195 3 4314262 4314262 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2195 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2196 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2196 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2196 3 25691958 25691958 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2196 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2197 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2197 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2197 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2197 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2197 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2197 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2197 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 1 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 3 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 6 forests forest NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 7 report report VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2198 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2199 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2199 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2199 3 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2199 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 2 Rhymer Rhymer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 3 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 5 Simberloff Simberloff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 6 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 8 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2200 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 2 Extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 4 Hybridization Hybridization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 6 Introgression Introgression NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2201 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2202 1 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2202 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2202 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2202 4 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2202 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2202 6 Systematics Systematics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2202 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2203 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2203 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2203 3 83–109 83–109 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2203 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2204 1 doi:10.1146 doi:10.1146 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2204 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2204 3 annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83 annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83 NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2204 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2205 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2205 2 Potts Potts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2205 3 BM BM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2205 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2205 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2205 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2205 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 1 Barbour Barbour NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 2 RC RC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 4 Hingston Hingston NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 5 AB AB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 7 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2206 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 1 Genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 2 pollution pollution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 4 farm farm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 5 forestry forestry NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 6 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 7 eucalypt eucalypt JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 8 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 10 hybrids hybrid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 14 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 17 RIRDC RIRDC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 19 L&WA L&WA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 20 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 21 FWPRDC FWPRDC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 22 Joint Joint NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 23 Venture Venture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 24 Agroforestry Agroforestry NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 25 Program Program NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2207 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 1 Rural Rural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 2 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 3 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 5 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 6 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 8 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2208 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 7 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 9 58336 58336 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2209 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2210 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2210 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2210 3 48794104 48794104 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2210 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 4 Dirzo Dirzo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 5 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 7 Young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 8 HS HS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 10 Galetti Galetti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 11 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 13 Ceballos Ceballos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 14 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 16 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 17 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 19 Collen Collen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 20 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 22 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 23 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2211 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 2 Defaunation defaunation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 5 Anthropocene Anthropocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2212 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2213 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2213 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2214 1 345 345 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2214 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2214 3 6195 6195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2214 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2214 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2214 6 401–6 401–6 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2214 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2215 1 Bibcode:2014Sci Bibcode:2014Sci NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2215 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2215 3 345 345 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2215 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2215 5 401D. 401d. JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2216 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2216 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2216 3 science.1251817 science.1251817 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2216 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2217 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2217 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2217 3 25061202 25061202 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2217 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2218 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2218 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2218 3 206555761 206555761 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2218 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2219 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2219 2 Primack Primack NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2219 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2219 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2219 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2219 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2219 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 1 Essentials Essentials NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 3 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 4 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2220 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 1 Sunderland Sunderland NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 5 Sinauer Sinauer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 6 Associates Associates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 8 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 9 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2221 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2222 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2222 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2223 1 217–245 217–245 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2223 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 7 60535 60535 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 9 289 289 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2224 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2225 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2225 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2225 3 876140621 876140621 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2225 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 2 Vignieri Vignieri NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 5 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2226 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2227 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2227 2 Vanishing vanish VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2227 3 fauna fauna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2227 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2228 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2228 2 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2228 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2229 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2229 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2230 1 345 345 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2230 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2230 3 6195 6195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2230 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2230 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2230 6 392–5 392–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2230 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2231 1 Bibcode:2014Sci Bibcode:2014Sci NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2231 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2231 3 345 345 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2231 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2231 5 392V. 392v. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2232 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2232 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2232 3 science.345.6195.392 science.345.6195.392 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2232 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2233 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2233 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2233 3 25061199 25061199 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2233 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 2 Burney Burney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 3 DA DA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 5 Flannery Flannery NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 6 TF TF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 8 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 9 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2234 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 2 Fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 3 millennia millennia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 5 catastrophic catastrophic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 6 extinctions extinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 8 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 9 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2235 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2236 1 Trends Trends NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2236 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2236 3 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2236 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2236 5 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2236 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2237 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2237 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2237 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2237 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2237 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2237 6 395–401 395–401 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2237 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2238 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2238 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2238 3 j.tree.2005.04.022 j.tree.2005.04.022 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2238 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2239 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2239 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2239 3 16701402 16701402 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2239 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 8 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 10 10.CS1 10.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 11 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 13 BOT bot NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 15 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 17 url url NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 18 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 19 unknown unknown NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 21 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 23 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 24 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 25 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 27 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2240 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 2 Historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 3 extinctions extinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 6 Rosetta Rosetta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 7 stone stone NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 9 understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 10 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 11 extinctions extinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2241 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 3 PS PS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 5 Klein Klein NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 6 RG RG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 8 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2242 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2243 1 Quaternary quaternary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2243 2 extinctions extinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2243 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2243 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2243 5 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2243 6 revolution revolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2243 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2244 1 Tucson Tucson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2244 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2244 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2244 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2244 5 Arizona Arizona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2244 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2244 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2245 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2245 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2246 1 824–862 824–862 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2246 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 7 8165 8165 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 9 1100 1100 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2247 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2248 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2248 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2248 3 10301944 10301944 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2248 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 2 Watts Watts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2249 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 2 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 3 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 5 urgent urgent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 6 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 8 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 10 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 12 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2250 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2251 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2251 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2251 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2252 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2252 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2252 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2252 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2252 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2252 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 2 McGrath McGrath NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 8 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2253 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 2 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 3 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 5 Humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 6 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 7 threaten threaten NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 9 m m NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 10 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 12 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 13 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2254 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2255 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2255 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2256 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2256 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2256 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2256 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2256 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2256 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 2 Bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 4 On On NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 6 Yinon Yinon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 7 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 9 Phillips Phillips NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 11 Rob Rob NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 13 Milo Milo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 15 Ron Ron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 17 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2257 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 3 biomass biomass NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 4 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 6 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2258 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2259 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2260 1 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2260 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2260 3 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2260 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2260 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2260 6 6506–6511 6506–6511 ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2260 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2261 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2261 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2261 3 pnas.1711842115 pnas.1711842115 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2261 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2262 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2262 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2262 3 6016768 6016768 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2262 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2263 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2263 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2263 3 29784790 29784790 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2263 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 2 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 3 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 5 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 6 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2264 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 3 Iconic iconic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 4 Animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 5 Humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 6 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 7 Driving drive VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 9 Extinction Extinction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2265 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2266 1 Live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2266 2 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2266 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 2 Platt Platt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 3 JR JR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 5 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 7 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2267 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 2 Poachers Poachers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 3 Drive Drive NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 4 Javan Javan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 5 Rhino Rhino NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 7 Extinction Extinction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 9 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2268 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2269 1 Scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2269 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2269 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2270 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 2 Estrada Estrada NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 5 Garber Garber NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 6 PA PA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 8 Rylands Rylands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 9 AB AB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 11 Roos Roos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 12 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 14 Fernandez Fernandez NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 16 Duque Duque NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 17 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 19 Di Di NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 20 Fiore Fiore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 21 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 23 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 24 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2271 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2272 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2272 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2272 3 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2272 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2272 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 2 Impending impending JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 3 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 4 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 7 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 9 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 11 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 12 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 13 matter matter VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2273 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2274 1 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2274 2 Advances Advances NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2274 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2275 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2275 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2275 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2275 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2275 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2275 6 e1600946 e1600946 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2275 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2276 1 Bibcode:2017SciA Bibcode:2017SciA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2276 2 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2276 3 3E0946E. 3e0946e. IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2277 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2277 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2277 3 sciadv.1600946 sciadv.1600946 VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2277 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2278 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2278 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2278 3 5242557 5242557 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2278 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2279 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2279 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2279 3 28116351 28116351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2279 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 2 Fletcher Fletcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 5 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2280 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 2 Pangolins pangolin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 4 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 6 cute cute JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 7 prehistoric prehistoric JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 8 mammal mammal NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 10 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 11 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2281 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2282 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2282 2 Telegraph Telegraph NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2282 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 2 Carrington Carrington NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 3 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 5 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 6 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2283 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 2 Giraffes giraffes NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 3 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 4 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 6 devastating devastate VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 7 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 9 experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 10 warn warn VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2284 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2285 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2285 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2285 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 2 Greenfield Greenfield NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 4 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 7 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 9 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2286 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 2 Humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 3 exploiting exploit VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 5 destroying destroy VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 6 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 8 unprecedented unprecedented JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 9 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 11 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2287 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2288 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2288 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2288 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2289 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2289 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2289 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2289 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2289 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2289 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 2 McCarthy McCarthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 4 Donnachadh Donnachadh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 9 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2290 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 2 Terrifying terrify VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 3 wildlife wildlife NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 4 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 5 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 7 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 8 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 9 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 11 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 15 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 17 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 18 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 20 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2291 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2292 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2292 2 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2292 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2293 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2293 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2293 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2293 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2293 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2293 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 2 Pennisi Pennisi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 3 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 5 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2294 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 2 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 4 hunting hunt VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 5 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 7 bats bat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 13 extinction extinction VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2295 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2296 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2296 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2297 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2297 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2297 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2297 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2297 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 2 Ripple Ripple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 3 WJ WJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 5 Abernethy Abernethy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 6 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 8 Betts Betts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 9 MG MG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 11 Chapron Chapron NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 12 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 14 Dirzo Dirzo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 15 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 17 Galetti Galetti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 18 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 20 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 21 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2298 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2299 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2299 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2299 3 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2299 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2299 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 2 Bushmeat bushmeat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 3 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 5 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 6 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2300 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2301 1 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2301 2 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2301 3 Open Open NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2301 4 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2301 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2302 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2302 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2302 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2302 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2302 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2302 6 160498 160498 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2302 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2303 1 Bibcode:2016RSOS bibcode:2016rsos UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2303 2 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2303 3 360498R. 360498r. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2304 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2304 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2304 3 rsos.160498 rsos.160498 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2304 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2305 1 hdl:1893/24446 hdl:1893/24446 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2305 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2306 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2306 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2306 3 5098989 5098989 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2306 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2307 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2307 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2307 3 27853564 27853564 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2307 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 5 Zalasiewicz Zalasiewicz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 8 Haff Haff NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 9 PK PK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 11 Schwägerl Schwägerl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 12 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 14 Barnosky Barnosky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 15 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 17 Ellis Ellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 18 EC EC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 20 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2308 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2309 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2309 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2309 3 Anthropocene Anthropocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2309 4 Biosphere Biosphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2309 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2309 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2310 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2310 2 Anthropocene Anthropocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2310 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2310 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2311 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2311 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2311 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2311 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2311 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2311 6 196–219 196–219 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2311 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2312 1 doi:10.1177/2053019615591020 doi:10.1177/2053019615591020 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2312 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2313 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2313 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2313 3 7771527 7771527 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2313 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 2 Morell Morell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 3 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 5 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2314 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 2 Meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 4 eaters eater NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 6 speed speed VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 7 worldwide worldwide NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 8 species species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 9 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 11 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 12 warns warn VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2315 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2316 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2316 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2317 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2317 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2317 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2317 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2317 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 2 Machovina Machovina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 3 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 5 Feeley Feeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 6 KJ KJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 8 Ripple Ripple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 9 WJ WJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 11 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 12 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2318 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 2 Biodiversity biodiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 3 conservation conservation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 6 key key NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 8 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 9 meat meat NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 10 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2319 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2320 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2320 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2320 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2320 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2320 5 Total Total NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2320 6 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2320 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2321 1 536 536 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2321 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2321 3 419–431 419–431 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2321 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2322 1 Bibcode:2015ScTEn.536 Bibcode:2015ScTEn.536 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2322 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2322 3 419M. 419m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2323 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2323 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2323 3 j.scitotenv.2015.07.022 j.scitotenv.2015.07.022 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2323 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2324 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2324 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2324 3 26231772 26231772 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2324 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2325 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2325 2 Redford Redford NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2325 3 KH KH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2325 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2325 5 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2325 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2325 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 3 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 4 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2326 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2327 1 BioScience BioScience NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2327 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2328 1 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2328 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2328 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2328 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2328 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2328 6 412–422 412–422 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2328 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2329 1 doi:10.2307/1311860 doi:10.2307/1311860 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2329 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2330 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2330 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2330 3 1311860 1311860 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2330 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 2 Peres Peres NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 3 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 5 Nascimento Nascimento NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 6 HS HS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 8 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2331 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 2 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 4 Game Game NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 5 Hunting Hunting NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 8 Kayapo Kayapo NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 9 ´ ´ CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 11 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 13 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 14 Amazonia Amazonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 16 Implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 18 Wildlife Wildlife NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 19 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 21 Tropical Tropical NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 22 Forest Forest NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 23 Indigenous Indigenous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 24 Reserves Reserves NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2332 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2333 1 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2333 2 Exploitation Exploitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2333 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2333 4 Biodiversity Biodiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2333 5 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2333 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2334 1 Topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2334 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2334 3 Biodiversity Biodiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2334 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2334 5 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2334 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2335 1 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2335 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2335 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2335 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2336 1 287–313 287–313 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2336 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 7 4020 4020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 9 5283 5283 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2337 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2338 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2338 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2338 3 207259298 207259298 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2338 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 2 Altrichter Altrichter NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 5 Boaglio Boaglio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2339 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 2 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 4 Relative Relative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 5 Abundance Abundance NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 7 Peccaries Peccaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 10 Argentine argentine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 11 Chaco Chaco NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 13 Associations association NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 15 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 16 Factors Factors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2340 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2341 1 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2341 2 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2341 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2342 1 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2342 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2342 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2342 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2342 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2342 6 217–225 217–225 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2342 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 3 S0006 S0006 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 5 3207(03)00192 3207(03)00192 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 7 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2343 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 2 Alverson Alverson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 3 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 5 Freeburg Freeburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 6 MH MH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 8 Murawski Murawski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 9 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 11 Pope Pope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 12 JG JG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 14 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 17 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2344 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2345 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2345 2 Bycatch Bycatch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2345 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2345 4 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2345 5 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2345 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2345 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 2 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 3 assessment assessment NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 5 fisheries fishery NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 6 bycatch bycatch NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 8 discards discard NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2346 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 1 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 3 Food Food NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 5 Agriculture Agriculture NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 6 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 9 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 10 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2347 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 5 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 9 103555 103555 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2348 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2349 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2349 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2349 3 31424005 31424005 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2349 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 2 Glowka Glowka NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 3 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 5 Burhenne Burhenne NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 7 Guilmin Guilmin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 8 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 10 Synge Synge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 11 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 13 McNeely McNeely NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 14 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 16 Gündling gündle VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 17 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 19 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2350 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2351 1 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2351 2 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2351 3 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2351 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2351 5 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2351 6 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2351 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2352 1 Guide guide VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2352 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2352 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2352 4 Convention Convention NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2352 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2352 6 Biodiversity Biodiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2352 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2353 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2353 2 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2353 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2353 4 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2353 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2353 6 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2353 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 7 8317 8317 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 9 0222 0222 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2354 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2355 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2355 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2355 3 32201845 32201845 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2355 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2356 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2356 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2356 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2356 4 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2356 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2356 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2357 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2357 2 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2357 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2357 4 Conservation Conservation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2357 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2357 6 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2357 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2358 1 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2358 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2358 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2358 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2358 5 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2358 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2359 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2359 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2359 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2359 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2359 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 2 Ceballos Ceballos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 3 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 5 Ehrlich Ehrlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 6 PR PR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 8 Barnosky Barnosky NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 9 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 11 García García NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 12 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 14 Pringle Pringle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 15 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 17 Palmer Palmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 18 TM TM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 20 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 21 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2360 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 2 Accelerated accelerated JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 4 human human RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 6 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 7 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 8 losses loss NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 10 Entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 12 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 13 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 14 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2361 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2362 1 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2362 2 Advances Advances NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2362 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2363 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2363 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2363 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2363 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2363 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2363 6 e1400253 e1400253 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2363 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2364 1 Bibcode:2015SciA Bibcode:2015SciA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2364 2 .... .... NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2364 3 1E0253C. 1e0253c. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2365 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2365 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2365 3 sciadv.1400253 sciadv.1400253 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2365 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2366 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2366 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2366 3 4640606 4640606 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2366 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2367 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2367 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2367 3 26601195 26601195 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2367 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 2 Fisher Fisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 3 DO DO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 5 Blomberg Blomberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 6 SP SP NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 8 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2368 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 2 Correlates Correlates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 4 rediscovery rediscovery NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 7 detectability detectability NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 9 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 11 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2369 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2370 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2370 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2371 1 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2371 2 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2371 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2372 1 278 278 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2372 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2372 3 1708 1708 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2372 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2372 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2372 6 1090–7 1090–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2372 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2373 1 doi:10.1098 doi:10.1098 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2373 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2373 3 rspb.2010.1579 rspb.2010.1579 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2373 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2374 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2374 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2374 3 3049027 3049027 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2374 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2375 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2375 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2375 3 20880890 20880890 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2375 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 2 Ceballos Ceballos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 3 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 5 Ehrlich Ehrlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 6 AH AH NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 8 Ehrlich Ehrlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 9 PR PR NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2376 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 2 Annihilation Annihilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 4 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 6 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 7 Extinction Extinction NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 9 Birds Birds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 11 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2377 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2378 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2378 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2378 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2378 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2378 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2378 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2378 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2379 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2379 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2379 3 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2379 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 7 4214 4214 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 9 1718 1718 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2380 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 2 Zhigang Zhigang NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 5 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 6 RB RB NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2381 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2382 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2382 2 Elaphurus Elaphurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2382 3 davidianus davidianus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2382 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2382 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2383 1 IUCN IUCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2383 2 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2383 3 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2383 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2383 5 Threatened Threatened NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2383 6 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2383 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2384 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2384 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 6 20.CS1 20.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 9 ref ref NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 10 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 11 harv harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 13 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 15 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 18 url url NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 19 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 21 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 22 McKinney McKinney NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 23 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 25 Schoch Schoch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 26 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 28 Yonavjak Yonavjak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 29 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 31 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2385 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2386 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2386 2 Conserving conserve VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2386 3 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2386 4 Resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2386 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2386 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 1 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 4 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 6 Solutions Solutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 8 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 9 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2387 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2388 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2388 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2388 3 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2388 4 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2388 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 7 4496 4496 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 9 6139 6139 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2389 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2390 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2390 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2390 3 777948078 777948078 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2390 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 2 Perrin Perrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 3 WF WF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 5 Würsig Würsig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 6 BG BG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 8 Thewissen Thewissen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 9 JG JG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 11 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2391 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2392 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2392 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2392 3 marine marine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2392 4 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2392 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2393 1 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2393 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2393 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2394 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2394 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2394 3 404 404 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2394 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 7 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 9 373553 373553 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2395 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2396 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2396 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2396 3 455328678 455328678 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2396 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 2 reading[edit reading[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 4 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 5 WM WM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 7 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2397 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 2 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 3 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 5 mammalian mammalian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 6 brain brain NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 7 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2398 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2399 1 Trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2399 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2399 3 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2399 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2399 5 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2399 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2400 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2400 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2400 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2400 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2400 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2400 6 471–473 471–473 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2400 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 3 S0169 s0169 JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 5 5347(01)02246 5347(01)02246 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 7 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2401 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 1 Jaffa Jaffa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 2 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 4 Taher Taher NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 5 NA NA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2402 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 2 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 3 Palaestina Palaestina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 6 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 8 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2403 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 2 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 3 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 4 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 6 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 9 1–46 1–46 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2404 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 1 McKenna McKenna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 2 MC MC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 4 Bell Bell NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 5 SK SK NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 7 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2405 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 1 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 3 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 4 Above above IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 6 Species Species NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 7 Level Level NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2406 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2407 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2407 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2407 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2407 4 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2407 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2407 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2407 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 9 11013 11013 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2408 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2409 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2409 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2409 3 37345734 37345734 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2409 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2410 1 Nowak Nowak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2410 2 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2410 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2410 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2410 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2410 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 1 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 3 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 6 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 8 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 9 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2411 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2412 1 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2412 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2412 3 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2412 4 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2412 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2412 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2412 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 7 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 9 5789 5789 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2413 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2414 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2414 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2414 3 937619124 937619124 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2414 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2415 1 Simpson Simpson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2415 2 GG GG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2415 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2415 4 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2415 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2415 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 3 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 5 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 8 classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 10 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2416 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 1 Bulletin bulletin NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 5 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 7 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2417 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2418 1 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2418 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2418 3 1–350 1–350 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2418 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 1 Murphy Murphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 2 WJ WJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 4 Eizirik Eizirik NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 5 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 7 O'Brien O'Brien NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 8 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 10 Madsen Madsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 11 O O NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 13 Scally Scally NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 14 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 16 Douady Douady NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 17 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 19 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 20 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2419 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2420 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2420 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2420 3 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2420 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2420 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 2 Resolution resolution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 6 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 7 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 8 radiation radiation NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 9 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 10 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 11 phylogenetics phylogenetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2421 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2422 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2422 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2423 1 294 294 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2423 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2423 3 5550 5550 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2423 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2423 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2423 6 2348–51 2348–51 LS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2423 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2424 1 Bibcode:2001Sci Bibcode:2001Sci NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2424 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2424 3 294.2348M. 294.2348m. CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2425 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2425 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2425 3 science.1067179 science.1067179 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2425 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2426 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2426 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2426 3 11743200 11743200 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2426 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2427 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2427 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2427 3 34367609 34367609 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2427 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 2 MS MS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 4 Stanhope Stanhope NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 5 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 7 Madsen Madsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 8 O O NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 10 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 11 Jong Jong NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 12 WW WW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 14 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 15 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2428 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 2 Molecules molecule NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 3 consolidate consolidate VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 5 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 6 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 7 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2429 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2430 1 Trends Trends NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2430 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2430 3 Ecology Ecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2430 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2430 5 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2430 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2431 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2431 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2431 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2431 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2431 5 430–8 430–8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2431 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2432 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2432 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2432 3 j.tree.2004.05.006 j.tree.2004.05.006 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2432 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2433 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2433 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2433 3 16701301 16701301 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2433 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 1 Vaughan Vaughan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 2 TA TA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 4 Ryan Ryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 5 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 7 Capzaplewski Capzaplewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 8 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 10 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2434 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2435 1 Mammalogy Mammalogy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2435 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2435 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2435 4 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2435 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2435 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2435 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 1 Fort Fort NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 2 Worth Worth NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 4 Texas Texas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 6 Saunders Saunders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 7 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 8 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2436 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 7 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 9 025034 025034 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2437 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2438 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2438 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2438 3 42285340 42285340 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2438 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 1 Kriegs Kriegs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 2 JO JO NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 4 Churakov Churakov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 5 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 7 Kiefmann Kiefmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 8 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 10 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 11 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 13 Brosius Brosius NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 14 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 16 Schmitz Schmitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 17 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 19 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 20 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2439 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 2 Retroposed retroposed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 3 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 5 archives archive NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 8 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 11 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 12 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2440 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2441 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2441 2 Biology Biology NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2441 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2442 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2442 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2442 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2442 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2442 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2442 6 e91 e91 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2442 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2443 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2443 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2443 3 journal.pbio.0040091 journal.pbio.0040091 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2443 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2444 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2444 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2444 3 1395351 1395351 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2444 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2445 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2445 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2445 3 16515367 16515367 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2445 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 1 MacDonald MacDonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 2 DW DW NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 4 Norris Norris NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 5 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2446 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 2 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 4 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2447 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2448 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2448 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2448 3 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2448 4 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2448 5 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2448 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 7 681 681 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 9 45659 45659 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2449 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2450 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2450 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2450 3 74900519 74900519 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2450 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 5 Wikibook Wikibook NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 6 Dichotomous Dichotomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 7 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 10 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 13 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 16 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 17 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 20 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 23 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 24 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 25 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 26 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 27 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2451 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 1 Biodiversitymapping.org Biodiversitymapping.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 3 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 4 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 5 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 8 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 10 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 11 maps map NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 12 Paleocene Paleocene NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 13 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 16 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 17 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 19 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 22 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 24 paleocene-mammals.de paleocene-mammals.de CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 25 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 27 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 30 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 31 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 33 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 34 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 36 enchantedlearning.com enchantedlearning.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 37 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 38 Mammal Mammal NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 39 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 40 EMMA EMMA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 42 Societas Societas NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 43 Europaea Europaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 44 Mammalogica Mammalogica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 46 European-mammals.org European-mammals.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 47 Marine Marine NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 48 Mammals Mammals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 51 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 52 – – : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 53 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 54 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 56 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 57 marine marine JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 58 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 60 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 61 descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 63 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 64 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 65 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 67 semi semi JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 68 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 69 aquatic aquatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 71 noaa.gov noaa.gov NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 72 Mammalogy.org Mammalogy.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 73 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 74 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 75 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 77 Mammalogists Mammalogists NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 78 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 79 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 80 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 81 1919 1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 82 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 83 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 84 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 86 promoting promote VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 88 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 90 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 92 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 93 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 94 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 95 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 96 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 97 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 98 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 99 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 100 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 101 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 102 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 103 Extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 104 chordate chordate NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 105 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 106 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 107 Animalia Animalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 109 unranked unranked JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 110 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 111 Bilateria Bilateria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 112 Superphylum Superphylum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 113 Deuterostomia Deuterostomia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 114 Cephalochordata Cephalochordata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 115 Leptocardii Leptocardii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 116 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 117 lancelets lancelet NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 118 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 119 Olfactores Olfactores NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 120 Tunicata Tunicata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 121 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 122 urochordata urochordata NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 123 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 124 Ascidiacea Ascidiacea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 125 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 126 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 127 squirts squirt NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 128 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 129 Appendicularia Appendicularia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 131 larvaceans larvaceans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 133 Thaliacea Thaliacea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 134 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 135 pyrosomes pyrosome NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 136 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 137 salps salp NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 138 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 139 doliolids doliolid NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 140 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 141 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 142 Cyclostomata Cyclostomata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 143 Myxini Myxini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 144 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 145 hagfish hagfish JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 146 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 147 Hyperoartia Hyperoartia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 148 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 149 lampreys lamprey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 150 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 151 Gnathostomata Gnathostomata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 152 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 153 jawed jawed JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 154 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 155 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 156 Chondrichthyes Chondrichthyes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 157 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 158 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 159 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 160 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 161 sharks shark NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 162 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 163 rays ray NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 164 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 165 chimaeras chimaera NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 166 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 167 Euteleostomi Euteleostomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 168 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 169 bony bony NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 170 vertebrates vertebrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 171 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 172 Actinopterygii Actinopterygii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 173 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 174 ray ray NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 175 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 176 finned fin VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 177 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 178 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 179 Sarcopterygii Sarcopterygii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 180 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 181 lobe lobe NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 182 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 183 finned fin VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 184 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 185 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 186 Actinistia actinistia NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 187 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 188 coelacanths)¹ coelacanths)¹ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 189 Rhipidistia Rhipidistia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 190 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 191 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 192 lungfish)¹ lungfish)¹ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 193 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 194 Amphibia Amphibia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 195 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 196 amphibians amphibians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 197 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 198 Amniota Amniota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 199 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 200 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 201 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 202 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 203 Sauria Sauria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 204 Lepidosauria Lepidosauria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 205 Rhynchocephalia Rhynchocephalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 206 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 207 tuatara)² tuatara)² VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 208 Squamata Squamata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 209 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 210 scaled scale VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 211 reptiles)² reptiles)² JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 212 Archelosauria Archelosauria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 213 Testudines Testudines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 214 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 215 turtles)² turtles)² VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 216 Archosauria Archosauria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 217 Crocodilia Crocodilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 218 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 219 crocodilians)² crocodilians)² NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 220 Aves ave NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 221 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 222 birds bird NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 223 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 224 ¹subclasses ¹subclasse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 225 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 226 Sarcopterygii Sarcopterygii NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 227 ²orders ²orders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 228 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 229 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 230 Reptilia Reptilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 231 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 232 reptiles reptiles NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 233 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 234 italics italic NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 235 denote denote VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 236 paraphyletic paraphyletic JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 237 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 238 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 239 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 240 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 241 Cynodonts Cynodonts NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 242 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 243 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 244 Animalia Animalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 245 Phylum Phylum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 246 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 247 Chordata Chordata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 248 Class Class NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 249 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 250 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 251 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 252 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 253 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 254 Clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 255 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 256 Eutheriodontia Eutheriodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 257 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 258 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 259 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 260 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 261 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 262 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 263 Cynodontia Cynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 264 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 265 below↓ below↓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 266 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 267 cynodonts cynodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 268 Cynodontia Cynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 269 †Dvinia †Dvinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 270 †Madysaurus †Madysaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 271 †Charassognathidae †Charassognathidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 272 Charassognathus Charassognathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 273 Abdalodontinae Abdalodontinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 274 Abdalodon Abdalodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 275 Nshimbodon Nshimbodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 276 †Procynosuchidae †Procynosuchidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 277 Procynosuchus Procynosuchus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 278 Sludica Sludica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 279 Uralocynodon Uralocynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 280 Epicynodontia Epicynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 281 †Bolotridon †bolotridon VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 282 †Platycraniellus †platycraniellus JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 283 †Vetusodon †Vetusodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 284 †Galesauridae †Galesauridae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 285 Cromptodon Cromptodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 286 Cynosaurus Cynosaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 287 Galesaurus Galesaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 288 Progalesaurus Progalesaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 289 †Thrinaxodontidae †thrinaxodontidae NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 290 Nanictosaurus Nanictosaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 291 Nanocynodon Nanocynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 292 Novocynodon Novocynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 293 Thrinaxodon Thrinaxodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 294 Eucynodontia Eucynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 295 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 296 below↓ below↓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 297 Eucynodontia Eucynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 298 Eucynodontia Eucynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 299 †Kataigidodon †Kataigidodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 300 †Cynognathia †Cynognathia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 301 Cynognathus Cynognathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 302 Gomphodontia Gomphodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 303 Diademodontidae Diademodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 304 Diademodon Diademodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 305 Titanogomphodon Titanogomphodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 306 Neogomphodontia Neogomphodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 307 Trirachodontidae Trirachodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 308 Neotrirachodon Neotrirachodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 309 Sinognathinae Sinognathinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 310 Beishanodon Beishanodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 311 Sinognathus Sinognathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 312 Trirachodontinae Trirachodontinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 313 Cricodon Cricodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 314 Langbergia Langbergia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 315 Trirachodon Trirachodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 316 Traversodontidae Traversodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 317 Andescynodon Andescynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 318 Colbertosaurus Colbertosaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 319 Etjoia Etjoia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 320 Gornogomphodon Gornogomphodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2452 321 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 1 Mandagomphodon Mandagomphodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 2 Nanogomphodon Nanogomphodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 3 Pascualgnathus Pascualgnathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 4 Scalenodon Scalenodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 5 Theropsodon Theropsodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 6 Traversodontinae Traversodontinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 7 Luangwa Luangwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 8 Traversodon Traversodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 9 Massetognathinae Massetognathinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 10 Dadadon Dadadon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 11 Massetognathus Massetognathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 12 Santacruzodon Santacruzodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 13 Arctotraversodontinae Arctotraversodontinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 14 Arctotraversodon Arctotraversodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 15 Boreogomphodon Boreogomphodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 16 Habayia Habayia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 17 Maubeugia Maubeugia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 18 Microscalenodon Microscalenodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 19 Plinthogomphodon Plinthogomphodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 20 Rosieria Rosieria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 21 Gomphodontosuchinae Gomphodontosuchinae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 22 Exaeretodon Exaeretodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 23 Gomphodontosuchus gomphodontosuchu NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 24 Menadon menadon VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 25 Protuberum protuberum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 26 Ruberodon Ruberodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 27 Scalenodontoides scalenodontoides IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 28 Siriusgnathus Siriusgnathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 29 Probainognathia Probainognathia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 30 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 31 below↓ below↓ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 32 Probainognathia Probainognathia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 33 Probainognathia Probainognathia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 34 †Candelariodon †Candelariodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 35 †Lumkuia †Lumkuia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 36 †Ecteniniidae †Ecteniniidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 37 Diegocanis Diegocanis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 38 Ecteninion Ecteninion NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 39 Trucidocynodon Trucidocynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 40 Chiniquodontoidea Chiniquodontoidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 41 †Chiniquodontidae †chiniquodontidae NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 42 Aleodon Aleodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 43 Chiniquodon Chiniquodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 44 Gaumia Gaumia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2453 45 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 1 Kunminia Kunminia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 2 Probelesodon Probelesodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 3 †Probainognathidae †probainognathidae VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 4 Bonacynodon Bonacynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 5 Lepagia Lepagia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 6 Probainognathus Probainognathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 7 Prozostrodontia Prozostrodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 8 †Agudotherium †Agudotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 9 †Alemoatherium †Alemoatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 10 †Prozostrodon †Prozostrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 11 †Santacruzgnathus †Santacruzgnathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2454 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 1 †Brasilodontidae †Brasilodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 2 Brasilitherium Brasilitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 3 Brasilodon Brasilodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 4 Minicynodon Minicynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 5 Panchetocynodon Panchetocynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 6 Protheriodon Protheriodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 7 †Dromatheriidae †Dromatheriidae VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 8 Deccanodon Deccanodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 9 Dromatherium Dromatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 10 Inditherium Inditherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 11 Microconodon Microconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 12 Polonodon Polonodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 13 Pseudotriconodon Pseudotriconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 14 Rewaconodon Rewaconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 15 Tricuspes Tricuspes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 16 †Therioherpetidae †therioherpetidae VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 17 Charruodon Charruodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2455 18 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2456 1 Meurthodon Meurthodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2456 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2457 1 Therioherpeton Therioherpeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2457 2 †Tritheledontidae †Tritheledontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2457 3 Chaliminia Chaliminia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2457 4 Diarthrognathus Diarthrognathus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2457 5 Elliotherium Elliotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2457 6 Eoraetia Eoraetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2457 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 1 Irajatherium Irajatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 2 Mitredon Mitredon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 3 Pachygenelus Pachygenelus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 4 Pattsia Pattsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 5 Riograndia Riograndia NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 6 Tritheledon Tritheledon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 7 Mammaliamorpha Mammaliamorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 8 †Adelobasileus †Adelobasileus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 9 †Botucaraitherium †Botucaraitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 10 †Pseudotherium †Pseudotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 11 †Sinoconodon †Sinoconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 12 †Tikiodon †Tikiodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 13 †Brasilodontidae †Brasilodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2458 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2459 1 †Tritheledontidae †Tritheledontidae VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2459 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 1 †Tritylodontidae †Tritylodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 2 Bienotherium Bienotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 3 Bienotheroides Bienotheroides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 4 Bocatherium Bocatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 5 Dianzhongia Dianzhongia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 6 Dinnebitodon Dinnebitodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 7 Kayentatherium Kayentatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 8 Lufengia Lufengia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 9 Montirictus Montirictus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 10 Nuurtherium Nuurtherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 11 Oligokyphus Oligokyphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 12 Polistodon Polistodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 13 Shartegodon shartegodon NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 14 Stereognathus stereognathus NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 15 Tritylodon tritylodon NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 16 Xenocretosuchus Xenocretosuchus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 17 Yuanotherium Yuanotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 18 Yunnanodon Yunnanodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 19 Mammaliaformes mammaliaforme NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 20 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 21 below↓ below↓ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 22 Mammaliaformes Mammaliaformes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 23 Mammaliaformes Mammaliaformes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 24 †Bocaconodon †Bocaconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2460 25 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2461 1 †Delsatia †Delsatia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2461 2 †Hadrocodium †Hadrocodium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2461 3 †Tikitherium †Tikitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2461 4 †Woutersia †Woutersia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2461 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2462 1 †Kuehneotheria †Kuehneotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2462 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 1 †Morganucodonta †Morganucodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 2 Bridetherium bridetherium JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 3 Hallautherium Hallautherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 4 Paceyodon Paceyodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 5 Purbeckodon Purbeckodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 6 Rosierodon Rosierodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 7 Storchodon Storchodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 8 Megazostrodontidae Megazostrodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 9 Brachyzostrodon Brachyzostrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 10 Dinnetherium Dinnetherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 11 Indozostrodon Indozostrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 12 Megazostrodon Megazostrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 13 Wareolestes Wareolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 14 Morganucodontidae Morganucodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 15 Eozostrodon Eozostrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 16 Erythrotherium Erythrotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 17 Gondwanadon Gondwanadon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 18 Helvetiodon Helvetiodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 19 Holwellconodon Holwellconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 20 Likhoeletherium Likhoeletherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 21 Morganucodon Morganucodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 22 †Docodonta †Docodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 23 Acuodulodon Acuodulodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 24 Agilodocodon Agilodocodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 25 Simpsonodon Simpsonodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 26 Tashkumyrodon Tashkumyrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 27 Docodontidae Docodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 28 Borealestes Borealestes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 29 Castorocauda Castorocauda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 30 Cyrtlatherium Cyrtlatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 31 Docodon Docodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 32 Docofossor Docofossor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 33 Dsungarodon Dsungarodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 34 Gondtherium Gondtherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 35 Haldanodon Haldanodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 36 Peraiocynodon Peraiocynodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 37 Tegotheriidae Tegotheriidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 38 Hutegotherium Hutegotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 39 Khorotherium Khorotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 40 Krusatodon Krusatodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 41 Microdocodon Microdocodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 42 Sibirotherium Sibirotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 43 Tegotherium Tegotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 44 †Haramiyida †Haramiyida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2463 45 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 1 Kalaallitkigun Kalaallitkigun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 2 Kirtlingtonia Kirtlingtonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 3 Theroteinus Theroteinus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 4 Haramiyoidea Haramiyoidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 5 Haramiyavia Haramiyavia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 6 Haramiyidae Haramiyidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 7 Allostaffia Allostaffia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2464 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 1 Avashishta Avashishta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 2 Eoraetica Eoraetica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 3 Thomasia Thomasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 4 Hahnodontidae Hahnodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 5 Cifelliodon Cifelliodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 6 Denisodon Denisodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 7 Hahnodon Hahnodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 8 Euharamiyida Euharamiyida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 9 Arboroharamiya Arboroharamiya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 10 Eleutherodon Eleutherodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 11 Maiopatagium Maiopatagium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 12 Megaconus Megaconus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 13 Millsodon Millsodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 14 Qishou Qishou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 15 Sharypovoia Sharypovoia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 16 Shenshou Shenshou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 17 Sineleutherus Sineleutherus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 18 Vilevolodon Vilevolodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 19 Xianshou Xianshou NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 20 Gondwanatheria Gondwanatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2465 21 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2466 1 Adalatherium adalatherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2466 2 Ferugliotheriidae ferugliotheriidae JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2466 3 Argentodites Argentodites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2466 4 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2467 1 Ferugliotherium ferugliotherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2467 2 LACM lacm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2467 3 149371 149371 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2467 4 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2468 1 Magallanodon Magallanodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2468 2 Trapalcotherium Trapalcotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2468 3 Groeberiidae Groeberiidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2468 4 Epiklohnia Epiklohnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2468 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2469 1 Groeberia Groeberia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2469 2 Klohnia Klohnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2469 3 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2470 1 Praedens praeden NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2470 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2471 1 Sudamericidae Sudamericidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2471 2 Bharattherium Bharattherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2471 3 Galulatherium Galulatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2471 4 Gondwanatherium gondwanatherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2471 5 Greniodon Greniodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2471 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 1 Lavanify Lavanify NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 2 Patagonia Patagonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 3 Sudamerica Sudamerica NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 4 Vintana Vintana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 5 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 6 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 7 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 8 Related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 9 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 10 Cynodonts cynodont NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 11 Cynognathians Cynognathians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 12 Probainognathians Probainognathians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 13 Mammaliaformes Mammaliaformes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 14 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 15 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 16 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 17 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 18 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 20 Animalia Animalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 21 Phylum Phylum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 23 Chordata Chordata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 24 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 26 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 27 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 29 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 30 Clade clade NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 32 Cynodontia Cynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 33 Clade Clade NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 35 Mammaliaformes Mammaliaformes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 36 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 37 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 38 Synapsida Synapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 39 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 40 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 41 Therapsida Therapsida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 42 Cynodontia Cynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 43 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 44 Cynodontia Cynodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 45 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 46 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 47 below↓ below↓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 48 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 49 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 50 †Fruitafossor †Fruitafossor NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 51 Yinotheria Yinotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 52 †Shuotheriidae †shuotheriidae NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 53 Itatodon Itatodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 54 Paritatodon Paritatodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 55 Pseudotribos Pseudotribos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 56 Shuotherium Shuotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 57 Australosphenida Australosphenida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 58 †Kollikodon †Kollikodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 59 †Tendagurutherium †tendagurutherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 60 †Henosferidae †Henosferidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 61 Ambondro Ambondro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 62 Asfaltomylos Asfaltomylos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 63 Henosferus Henosferus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 64 †Ausktribosphenidae †Ausktribosphenidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 65 Ausktribosphenos Ausktribosphenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 66 Bishops Bishops NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 67 Monotremata Monotremata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 68 †Kryoryctes †kryorycte VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2472 69 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 1 †Steropodontidae †steropodontidae JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 2 Steropodon Steropodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 3 Teinolophos Teinolophos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 4 Tachyglossa Tachyglossa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 5 †Megalibgwilia †Megalibgwilia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 6 Tachyglossus Tachyglossus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 7 Zaglossus Zaglossus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 8 Platypoda Platypoda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 9 †Monotrematum †monotrematum NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 10 †Obdurodon †Obdurodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 11 Ornithorhynchus Ornithorhynchus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 12 Theriiformes Theriiformes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 13 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 14 below↓ below↓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 15 Theriiformes Theriiformes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 16 †Eutriconodonta †Eutriconodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 17 Bocaconodon Bocaconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2473 18 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2474 1 Chaoyangodens Chaoyangodens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2474 2 Dyskritodon Dyskritodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2474 3 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 1 Jugulator Jugulator NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 2 Liaoconodon Liaoconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 3 Sangarotherium Sangarotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 4 Amphilestheria Amphilestheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 5 Condorodon Condorodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 6 Tendagurodon Tendagurodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 7 Amphilestidae Amphilestidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 8 Amphilestes Amphilestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 9 Kemchugia Kemchugia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 10 Kryptotherium Kryptotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 11 Liaotherium Liaotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 12 Phascolotherium Phascolotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 13 Amphidontidae Amphidontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 14 Acinacodus Acinacodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 15 Amphidon Amphidon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 16 Aploconodon Aploconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 17 Comodon Comodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 18 Gobiotheriodon Gobiotheriodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 19 Hakusanodon Hakusanodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 20 Juchilestes Juchilestes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 21 Manchurodon Manchurodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 22 Nakunodon Nakunodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 23 Gobiconodonta Gobiconodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 24 Klameliidae Klameliidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 25 Ferganodon Ferganodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 26 Klamelia Klamelia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 27 Gobiconodontidae Gobiconodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 28 Fuxinoconodon Fuxinoconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 29 Gobiconodon Gobiconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 30 Hangjinia Hangjinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 31 Huasteconodon Huasteconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 32 Meemannodon Meemannodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 33 Repenomamus Repenomamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 34 Spinolestes Spinolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 35 Jeholodentidae Jeholodentidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 36 Jeholodens jeholoden VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 37 Yanoconodon Yanoconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 38 Volaticotherini Volaticotherini NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 39 Argentoconodon Argentoconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 40 Ichthyoconodon Ichthyoconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 41 Triconolestes triconoleste VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 42 Volaticotherium Volaticotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 43 Triconodontidae Triconodontidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 44 Alticonodon Alticonodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 45 Arundelconodon Arundelconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 46 Astroconodon Astroconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 47 Corviconodon Corviconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 48 Eotriconodon Eotriconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 49 Meiconodon Meiconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 50 Priacodon Priacodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 51 Triconodon Triconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 52 Trioracodon Trioracodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 53 Victoriaconodon Victoriaconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 54 †Allotheria †Allotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 55 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 56 Allotheria Allotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 57 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 58 multituberculates multituberculate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 59 Holotheria Holotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 60 †Chronoperates †chronoperate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 61 †Kuehneotheria †Kuehneotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 62 Woutersia Woutersia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2475 63 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2476 1 Kuehneotheriidae Kuehneotheriidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2476 2 Fluctuodon Fluctuodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2476 3 Indotherium Indotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2476 4 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2477 1 Kotatherium kotatherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2477 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2478 1 Kuehneon Kuehneon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2478 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 1 Kuehneotherium Kuehneotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 2 Trechnotheria Trechnotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 3 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 4 below↓ below↓ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 5 Trechnotheria Trechnotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 6 Trechnotheria Trechnotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 7 †Atlasodon †Atlasodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2479 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2480 1 †Guirogatherium †guirogatherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2480 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2481 1 †Peralestes †peraleste NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2481 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2482 1 †Thereuodon †Thereuodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2482 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2483 1 †Tinodontidae †tinodontidae JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2483 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 1 Eurylambda Eurylambda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 2 Tinodon Tinodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 3 Trishulotherium Trishulotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 4 Yermakia Yermakia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 5 †Symmetrodonta †Symmetrodonta NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 6 Spalacotheriidae Spalacotheriidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 7 Akidolestes Akidolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 8 Aliaga Aliaga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 9 Heishanlestes heishanleste VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 10 Infernolestes infernoleste VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 11 Lactodens Lactodens NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 12 Microderson Microderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 13 Shalbaatar Shalbaatar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 14 Spalacolestes Spalacolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 15 Spalacotheridium Spalacotheridium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 16 Spalacotherium Spalacotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 17 Spalacotheroides Spalacotheroides NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 18 Symmetrodontoides symmetrodontoide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 19 Symmetrolestes Symmetrolestes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 20 Yaverlestes yaverleste NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 21 Zhangheotheriidae Zhangheotheriidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 22 Anebodon Anebodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 23 Maotherium Maotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 24 Zhangheotherium Zhangheotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 25 Cladotheria Cladotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 26 †Butlerigale †butlerigale JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 27 †Chunnelodon †Chunnelodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 28 †Guimarota †Guimarota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 29 †Dryolestida †Dryolestida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 30 Dryolestidae Dryolestidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 31 Achyrodon Achyrodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 32 Amblotherium Amblotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 33 Anthracolestes Anthracolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 34 Comotherium Comotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 35 Crusafontia Crusafontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 36 Dryolestes Dryolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 37 Groebertherium groebertherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 38 Guimarotodus Guimarotodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 39 Krebsotherium Krebsotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 40 Lakotalestes Lakotalestes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 41 Laolestes Laolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 42 Phascolestes phascoleste VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 43 Portopinheirodon portopinheirodon VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 44 Paurodontidae paurodontidae JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 45 Brancatherulum Brancatherulum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2484 46 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 1 Dorsetodon Dorsetodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 2 Drescheratherium Drescheratherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 3 Euthlastus Euthlastus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 4 Henkelotherium henkelotherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 5 Paurodon paurodon NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 6 Tathiodon tathiodon NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 7 Meridiolestida Meridiolestida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 8 Austrotriconodon Austrotriconodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 9 Cronopio Cronopio NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 10 Donodon Donodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 11 Leonardus Leonardus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 12 Necrolestes Necrolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 13 Brandoniidae Brandoniidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 14 Alamitherium Alamitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 15 Barberenia Barberenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 16 Brandonia Brandonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 17 Casamiquelia Casamiquelia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 18 Rougiertherium Rougiertherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 19 Mesungulatoidea Mesungulatoidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 20 Peligrotherium Peligrotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 21 Reigitherium Reigitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 22 Mesungulatidae Mesungulatidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 23 Coloniatherium Coloniatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 24 Mesungulatum Mesungulatum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 25 Parungulatum Parungulatum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 26 Quirogatherium Quirogatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 27 Zatheria Zatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 28 †Arguimus †Arguimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 29 †Mozomus †Mozomus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 30 †Nanolestes †Nanolestes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 31 †Vincelestes †vinceleste VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 32 †Amphitheriida †Amphitheriida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 33 Amphibetulimus Amphibetulimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 34 Amphitherium Amphitherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 35 Palaeoxonodon Palaeoxonodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 36 †Peramura †Peramura NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 37 Abelodon Abelodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 38 Afriquiamus Afriquiamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 39 Kennetheredium Kennetheredium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 40 Kiyatherium Kiyatherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 41 Kouriogenys Kouriogenys NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 42 Magnimus Magnimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 43 Minimus Minimus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 44 Peramuroides Peramuroides NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 45 Peramus Peramus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 46 Pocamus Pocamus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 47 Tribosphenida Tribosphenida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 48 †Aegialodon †Aegialodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 49 †Argaliatherium †argaliatherium NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 50 †Carinalestes †carinaleste NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 51 †Eomaia †Eomaia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 52 †Hypomylos †Hypomylos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 53 †Kielantherium †Kielantherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 54 †Paraungulatum †Paraungulatum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 55 †Picopsis †picopsis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 56 †Tirotherium †Tirotherium NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 57 †Tribactonodon †Tribactonodon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 58 Theria Theria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 59 †UA †UA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 60 8699 8699 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 61 Metatheria Metatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 62 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 63 Metatheria Metatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 64 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 65 marsupials marsupial NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 66 Eutheria Eutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 67 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 68 Eutheria Eutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 69 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 70 placentals placental NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 71 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 72 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 73 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 74 Extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 75 mammal mammal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 76 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 77 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 78 Animalia Animalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 79 Phylum Phylum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 80 Chordata Chordata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 81 Subphylum Subphylum NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 82 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 83 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 84 unranked unranked NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 85 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 86 Amniota Amniota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 87 Yinotheria Yinotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 88 Australosphenida Australosphenida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 89 Monotremata Monotremata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 90 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 91 Platypus Platypus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 92 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 93 echidnas echidna NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 94 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 95 Theria Theria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 96 Metatheria Metatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 97 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 98 Marsupial Marsupial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 99 inclusive inclusive NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 100 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 101 Ameridelphia Ameridelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 102 Paucituberculata Paucituberculata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 103 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 104 Shrew Shrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 105 opossums opossum NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 106 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 107 Didelphimorphia Didelphimorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 109 Opossums Opossums NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 110 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 111 Australidelphia Australidelphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 112 Microbiotheria Microbiotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 113 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 114 Monito Monito NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 115 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 116 monte monte NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 117 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 118 Notoryctemorphia Notoryctemorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 119 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 120 Marsupial marsupial JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 121 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 122 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 123 Dasyuromorphia Dasyuromorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 124 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 125 Quolls Quolls NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 126 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 127 dunnarts dunnart NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 128 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 129 Peramelemorphia Peramelemorphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 131 Bilbies bilby NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 132 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 133 bandicoots bandicoot NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 134 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 135 Diprotodontia Diprotodontia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 136 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 137 Kangaroos Kangaroos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 138 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 139 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 140 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 141 Eutheria Eutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 142 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 143 Placental placental NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 144 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 145 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 146 Xenarthra Xenarthra NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 147 Cingulata Cingulata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 148 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 149 Armadillos Armadillos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 150 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 151 Pilosa Pilosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 152 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 153 Anteaters anteater NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 154 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 155 sloths sloth NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 156 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 157 Afrotheria Afrotheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 158 Afrosoricida Afrosoricida NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 159 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 160 Tenrecs Tenrecs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 161 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 162 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 163 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 164 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 165 Macroscelidea Macroscelidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 166 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 167 Elephant Elephant NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 168 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 169 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 170 Tubulidentata Tubulidentata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 171 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 172 Aardvark Aardvark NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 173 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 174 Hyracoidea Hyracoidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 175 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 176 Hyraxes Hyraxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 177 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 178 Proboscidea Proboscidea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 179 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 180 Elephants Elephants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 181 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 182 Sirenia Sirenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 183 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 184 Dugongs dugong NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 185 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 186 manatees manatee NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 187 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 188 Boreoeutheria Boreoeutheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 189 Laurasiatheria Laurasiatheria NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 190 Eulipotyphla Eulipotyphla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 191 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 192 Hedgehogs Hedgehogs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 193 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 194 shrews shrew NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 195 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 196 moles mole NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 197 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 198 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 199 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 200 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 201 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 202 Bats Bats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 203 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 204 Pholidota Pholidota NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 205 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 206 Pangolins Pangolins NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 207 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 208 Carnivora Carnivora NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 209 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 210 Dogs Dogs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 211 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 212 cats cat NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 213 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 214 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 215 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 216 Perissodactyla Perissodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 217 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 218 Horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 219 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 220 rhinoceroses rhinoceros NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 221 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 222 tapirs tapir NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 223 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 224 Artiodactyla Artiodactyla NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 225 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 226 Pigs Pigs NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 227 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 228 camels camel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 229 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 230 hippos hippos UH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 231 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 232 deer deer NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 233 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 234 buffalo buffalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 235 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 236 gazelles gazelle NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 237 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 238 giraffes giraffe NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 239 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 240 whales whale NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 241 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 242 dolphins dolphin NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 243 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 244 Euarchontoglires Euarchontoglires NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 245 Rodentia Rodentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 246 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 247 Rats Rats NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 248 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 249 guinea guinea NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 250 pigs pig NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 251 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 252 squirrels squirrel NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 253 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 254 beavers beaver NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 255 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 256 chinchillas chinchilla NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 257 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 258 porcupines porcupine NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 259 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 260 capybaras capybara NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 261 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 262 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 263 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 264 Lagomorpha Lagomorpha NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 265 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 266 Rabbits rabbit NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 267 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 268 pikas pikas NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 269 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 270 Scandentia Scandentia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 271 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 272 Treeshrews Treeshrews NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 273 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 274 Dermoptera Dermoptera NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 275 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 276 Colugos Colugos NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 277 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 278 Primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 279 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 280 lorises lorise NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 281 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 282 tarsiers tarsier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 283 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 284 lemurs lemur NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 285 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 286 monkeys monkey NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 287 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 288 apes ape NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 289 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 290 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 291 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 292 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 293 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 294 Taxon Taxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 295 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 296 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 297 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 298 Q7377 Q7377 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 299 Wikispecies Wikispecies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 300 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 301 Mammalia Mammalia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 302 EoL eol NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 303 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 304 1642 1642 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 305 EPPO eppo NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 306 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 307 1MAMMC 1mammc CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 308 Fauna Fauna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 309 Europaea Europaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 310 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 311 12613 12613 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 312 Fauna Fauna NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 313 Europaea Europaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 314 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 315 new new NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 316 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 317 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 318 131ac5da-409b-4979-b0db 131ac5da-409b-4979-b0db CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 319 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 320 f945c94da1ff f945c94da1ff JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 321 Fossilworks fossilwork NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 322 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 323 36651 36651 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 324 GBIF gbif NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 325 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 326 359 359 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 327 iNaturalist inaturalist NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 328 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 329 40151 40151 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 330 IRMNG IRMNG NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 331 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 332 1310 1310 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 333 ITIS itis NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 334 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 335 179913 179913 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 336 NCBI NCBI NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 337 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 338 40674 40674 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 339 NZOR nzor NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 340 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 341 e0d7b800-d17c-41c9-b73f e0d7b800-d17c-41c9-b73f NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 342 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 343 fb42d4e628cf fb42d4e628cf NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 344 WoRMS worms NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 345 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 346 1837 1837 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 347 ZooBank ZooBank NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 348 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 349 D50D0066-A37D-4795-B5F8 D50D0066-A37D-4795-B5F8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 350 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 351 3DDA029A4956 3DDA029A4956 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 352 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 353 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 354 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 355 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 356 cb119324095 cb119324095 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 357 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 358 data data NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 359 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 360 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 361 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 362 4051253 4051253 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 363 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 364 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 365 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 366 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 367 sh85080259 sh85080259 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 368 NARA NARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 369 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 370 10638722 10638722 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 371 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 372 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 373 00563410 00563410 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 374 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 375 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 376 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 377 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mammal&oldid=993255912 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mammal&oldid=993255912 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 378 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 379 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 380 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 381 Mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 382 Bathonian bathonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 383 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 384 appearances appearance VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 385 Extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 386 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 387 Jurassic Jurassic NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 388 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 389 appearances appearance VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 390 Taxa Taxa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 391 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 392 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 393 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 394 Linnaeus Linnaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 395 Hidden Hidden NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 396 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 397 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 398 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 399 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 400 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 401 unfit unfit VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 402 url url NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 403 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 404 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 405 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 406 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 407 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 408 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 409 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 410 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 411 BOT bot NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 412 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 413 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 414 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 415 url url NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 416 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 417 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 418 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 419 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 420 : : : en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 421 ref ref NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 422 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 423 harv harv NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 424 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 425 iucn iucn NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 426 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 427 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 428 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 429 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 430 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 431 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 432 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 433 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 434 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 435 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 436 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 437 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 438 indefinitely indefinitely RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 439 move move VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 440 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 441 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 442 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 443 Good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 444 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 445 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 446 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 447 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 448 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 449 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 450 microformats microformat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 451 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 452 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 453 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 454 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 455 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 456 auto auto NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 457 scaled scale VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 458 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 459 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 460 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 461 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 462 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 463 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 464 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 465 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 466 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 467 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 468 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 469 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 470 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 471 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 472 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 473 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 474 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 475 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 476 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 477 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 478 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 479 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 480 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 481 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 482 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 483 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 484 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 485 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 486 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 487 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 488 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 489 NARA NARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 490 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 491 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 492 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 493 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 494 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 495 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 496 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 497 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 498 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 499 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 500 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 501 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 502 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 503 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 504 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 505 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 506 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 507 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 508 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 509 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 510 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 511 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 512 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 513 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 514 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 515 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 516 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 517 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 518 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 519 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 520 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 521 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 522 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 523 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 524 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 525 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 526 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 527 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 528 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 529 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 530 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 531 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 532 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 533 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 534 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 535 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 536 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 537 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 538 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 539 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 540 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 541 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 542 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 543 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 544 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 545 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 546 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 547 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 548 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 549 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 550 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 551 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 552 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 553 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 554 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 555 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 556 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 557 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 558 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 559 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 560 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 561 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 562 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 563 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 564 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 565 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 566 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 567 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 568 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 569 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 570 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 571 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 572 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 573 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 574 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 575 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 576 Wikispecies Wikispecies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 577 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 578 Адыгэбзэ Адыгэбзэ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 579 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 580 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 581 አማርኛ አማርኛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 582 Ænglisc Ænglisc NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 583 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 584 Aragonés aragonés JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 585 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 586 অসমীয়া অসমীয়া . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 587 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 588 Avañe'ẽ Avañe'ẽ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 589 Aymar Aymar NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 590 aru aru VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 591 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 592 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 593 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 594 Bân Bân NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 595 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 596 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 597 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 598 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 599 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 600 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 601 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 602 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 603 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 604 भोजपुरी भोजपुरी NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 605 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 606 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 607 བོད་ཡིག བོད་ཡིག NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 608 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 609 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 610 Буряад Буряад NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 611 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 612 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 613 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 614 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 615 ChiShona ChiShona NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 616 Corsu Corsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 617 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 618 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 619 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 620 Diné Diné NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 621 bizaad bizaad NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 622 Dolnoserbski Dolnoserbski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 623 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 624 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 625 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 626 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 627 Estremeñu Estremeñu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 628 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 629 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 630 Fiji Fiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 631 Hindi Hindi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 632 Føroyskt Føroyskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 633 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 634 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 635 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 636 Gaelg Gaelg NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 637 Gàidhlig Gàidhlig NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 638 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 639 ГӀалгӀай ГӀалгӀай NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 640 Gĩkũyũ Gĩkũyũ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 641 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 642 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 643 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 644 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 645 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 646 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 647 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 648 Хальмг Хальмг NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 649 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 650 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 651 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 652 Hornjoserbsce Hornjoserbsce NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 653 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 654 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 655 Ilokano Ilokano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 656 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 657 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 658 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 659 Interlingue Interlingue NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 660 ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 661 Ирон Ирон NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 662 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 663 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 664 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 665 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 666 Kabɩyɛ Kabɩyɛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 667 ಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ XX en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 668 Kapampangan Kapampangan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 669 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 670 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 671 Kernowek Kernowek NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 672 Kiswahili Kiswahili NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 673 Kongo Kongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 674 Kreyòl Kreyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 675 ayisyen ayisyen NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 676 Kriyòl Kriyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 677 gwiyannen gwiyannen FW en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 678 Kurdî Kurdî NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 679 Кыргызча Кыргызча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 680 Кырык Кырык NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2485 681 мары мары NN 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en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 5 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 6 Malti Malti NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 7 मराठी मराठी NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 8 მარგალური მარგალური NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 9 مصرى مصرى NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 10 مازِرونی مازِرونی NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 11 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 12 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 13 Minangkabau Minangkabau NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 14 Mìng Mìng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 16 dĕ̤ng dĕ̤ng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 18 ngṳ̄ ngṳ̄ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 19 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 20 မြန်မာဘာသာ မြန်မာဘာသာ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 21 Nāhuatl Nāhuatl NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 22 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 23 Nedersaksies Nedersaksies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 24 नेपाली नेपाली NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 25 日本語 日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 26 Napulitano Napulitano NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 27 Nordfriisk Nordfriisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 28 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 29 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 30 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 31 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 32 Nouormand Nouormand NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 33 Novial Novial NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 34 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 35 Олык Олык VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 36 марий марий JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 37 ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଓଡ଼ିଆ NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 38 Oromoo Oromoo NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 39 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 40 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 41 Pälzisch Pälzisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 42 پنجابی پنجابی JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 43 پښتو پښتو NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 44 Patois Patois NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 45 Перем Перем NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 46 Коми Коми NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 47 ភាសាខ្មែរ ភាសាខ្មែរ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 48 Piemontèis Piemontèis NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 49 Tok Tok NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 50 Pisin Pisin NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 51 Plattdüütsch Plattdüütsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 52 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 53 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 54 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 55 Rumantsch Rumantsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 56 Runa Runa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 57 Simi Simi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 58 Русиньскый Русиньскый NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 59 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 60 Саха Саха NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 61 тыла тыла NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 62 Sakizaya Sakizaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 63 Gagana Gagana NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 64 Samoa Samoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 65 संस्कृतम् संस्कृतम् NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 66 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 67 Seeltersk Seeltersk NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 68 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 69 Sicilianu Sicilianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 70 සිංහල සිංහල NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 71 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 72 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 73 سنڌي سنڌي NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 74 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 75 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 76 Soomaaliga Soomaaliga NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 77 کوردی کوردی IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 78 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 79 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 80 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 81 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 82 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 83 српскохрватски српскохрватски JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 84 Sunda Sunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 85 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 86 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 87 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 88 தமிழ் தமிழ் NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 89 Taqbaylit Taqbaylit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 90 Татарча Татарча NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 91 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 92 tatarça tatarça NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 93 తెలుగు తెలుగు NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 94 Tetun Tetun NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 95 ไทย ไทย NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 96 Тоҷикӣ Тоҷикӣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 97 ᏣᎳᎩ ᏣᎳᎩ NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 98 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 99 Тыва Тыва NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 100 дыл дыл NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 101 Удмурт Удмурт NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 102 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 103 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 104 Vahcuengh Vahcuengh NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 105 Vèneto Vèneto NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 106 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 107 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 108 Volapük Volapük NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 109 Võro Võro NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 110 Walon Walon NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 111 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 112 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 113 Vlams Vlams NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 114 Winaray Winaray NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 115 吴语 吴语 DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 116 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 117 Yorùbá Yorùbá NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 118 粵語 粵語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 119 Zazaki Zazaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 120 Zeêuws Zeêuws NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 121 Žemaitėška Žemaitėška NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 122 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 123 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 124 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 125 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 126 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 127 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 128 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 129 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 130 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 131 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 132 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 133 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 134 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 135 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 136 17:04 17:04 CD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 137   _SP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 138 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 139 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 140 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-1591 2486 141 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-1591 2487 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2488 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2489 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-1591 2490 13 statement statement NN